Regional geography Books

Book SynopsisThis open access book explores the implications of urbanization in South Asia for water (in-) security in the peri-urban spaces of Dhaka and Khulna in Bangladesh, Bengaluru, Gurugram, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Pune in India, and Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. The book looks into specifically peri-urban water security issues in a context of rapid urbanization and social-environmental changes, including the changing climate and its emerging impacts. It demonstrates how urbanization processes change water flows between rural and urban areas, the implications of this processes for the water security of peri-urban populations, and how new institutions and technologies develop to mediate the relationships between peri-urban communities and water. The book seeks to further the debate on peri-urban water security, including what constitutes the peri-urban, socially differentiated access to water in peri-urban spaces, interventions for improving water access, and emerging forms of cooperation and conflict related to water access in a context of urbanization and climate change. As such, this book is an interesting read for academics with various disciplinary backgrounds, professionals working in the worlds of national and international policy, NGOs, activist groups, research and development institutes, and individual readers interested in water security and urbanization. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction: Peri-Urban Water Security in South Asia Vishal Narain and Dik Roth Chapter 2 A New Imagination for Waste and Water in India’s Peri-Urban Interface Seema Mundoli, Dechamma C.S., Madhureema Auddy, Abhiri Sanfui, and Harini Nagendra Chapter 3 From Royal Canal to Neglected Canal? Changing Use and Management of a Traditional Canal Irrigation System in Peri-Urban Kathmandu Valley Anushiya Shrestha, Dik Roth, Saroj Yakami Chapter 4 Public Lives, Private Water: Female Ready-Made Garment Factory Workers in Peri-Urban Bangladesh\ Deepa Joshi, Sadika Haque, Kamrun Nahar, Shahinur Tania, Jasber Singhand, and Tina Wallace Chapter 5 Digging Deeper: Deep Wells, Bore-Wells and Water Tankers in Peri-Urban Hyderabad Nathaniel Dylan Lim & Diganta Das Chapter 6 Changing Agriculture and Climate Variability in Peri-Urban Gurugram, India Pratik Mishra and Sumit Vij Chapter 7 Views from the Sluice Gate: Water Insecurity, Conflict and Cooperation in Peri-Urban Khulna, Bangladesh M. Shah Alam Khan, Rezaur Rahman, Nusrat Jahan Tarin, Sheikh Nazmul Huda, and A.T.M. Zakir Hossain Chapter 8 Interventions to Strengthen Institutional Capacity for Peri-Urban Water Management in South Asia Sharlene L. Gomes Chapter 9 Concluding Reflections: Towards Alternative Peri-Urban Futures? Dik Roth and Vishal Narain

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Book SynopsisThis open access book explores the implications of urbanization in South Asia for water (in-) security in the peri-urban spaces of Dhaka and Khulna in Bangladesh, Bengaluru, Gurugram, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Pune in India, and Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. The book looks into specifically peri-urban water security issues in a context of rapid urbanization and social-environmental changes, including the changing climate and its emerging impacts. It demonstrates how urbanization processes change water flows between rural and urban areas, the implications of this processes for the water security of peri-urban populations, and how new institutions and technologies develop to mediate the relationships between peri-urban communities and water. The book seeks to further the debate on peri-urban water security, including what constitutes the peri-urban, socially differentiated access to water in peri-urban spaces, interventions for improving water access, and emerging forms of cooperation and conflict related to water access in a context of urbanization and climate change. As such, this book is an interesting read for academics with various disciplinary backgrounds, professionals working in the worlds of national and international policy, NGOs, activist groups, research and development institutes, and individual readers interested in water security and urbanization. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction: Peri-Urban Water Security in South Asia Vishal Narain and Dik Roth Chapter 2 A New Imagination for Waste and Water in India’s Peri-Urban Interface Seema Mundoli, Dechamma C.S., Madhureema Auddy, Abhiri Sanfui, and Harini Nagendra Chapter 3 From Royal Canal to Neglected Canal? Changing Use and Management of a Traditional Canal Irrigation System in Peri-Urban Kathmandu Valley Anushiya Shrestha, Dik Roth, Saroj Yakami Chapter 4 Public Lives, Private Water: Female Ready-Made Garment Factory Workers in Peri-Urban Bangladesh\ Deepa Joshi, Sadika Haque, Kamrun Nahar, Shahinur Tania, Jasber Singhand, and Tina Wallace Chapter 5 Digging Deeper: Deep Wells, Bore-Wells and Water Tankers in Peri-Urban Hyderabad Nathaniel Dylan Lim & Diganta Das Chapter 6 Changing Agriculture and Climate Variability in Peri-Urban Gurugram, India Pratik Mishra and Sumit Vij Chapter 7 Views from the Sluice Gate: Water Insecurity, Conflict and Cooperation in Peri-Urban Khulna, Bangladesh M. Shah Alam Khan, Rezaur Rahman, Nusrat Jahan Tarin, Sheikh Nazmul Huda, and A.T.M. Zakir Hossain Chapter 8 Interventions to Strengthen Institutional Capacity for Peri-Urban Water Management in South Asia Sharlene L. Gomes Chapter 9 Concluding Reflections: Towards Alternative Peri-Urban Futures? Dik Roth and Vishal Narain

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Book SynopsisThis open access book is focused on the intersection between urban brownfields and the sustainability transitions of metreopolitan areas, cities and neighbourhoods. It provides both a theoretical and practical approach to the topic, offering a thorough introduction to urban brownfields and regeneration projects as well as an operational monitoring tool. Neighbourhoods in Transition begins with an overview of historic urban development and strategic areas in the hearts of towns to be developed. It then defines several key issues related to the topic, including urban brownfields, regeneration projects, and sustainability issues related to neighbourhood development. The second part of this book is focused on support tools, explaining the challenges faced, the steps involved in a regeneration process, and offering an operational monitoring tool. It applies the unique tool to case studies in three selected neighbourhoods and the outcomes of one case study are also presented and discussed, highlighting its benefits.The audience for this book will be both professional and academic. It will support researchers as an up-to-date reference book on urban brownfield regeneration projects, and also the work of architects, urban designers, urban planners and engineers involved in sustainability transitions of the built environment.Table of ContentsPart 1: Definition and issues.- Introduction.- Urban brownfields: Origin, definition, and diversity.- The multiple potentials of urban brownfields.- Urban brownfield regeneration projects: Complexities and issues.- Sustainability issues at the neighbourhood scale.- Part 2: Project dynamics and support tools.- Key steps of a regeneration process.- Specific skills and adapted support.- Sustainability monitoring: Principles, challenges, and approaches.- An operational monitoring tool.- Application to a case study.- Conclusion.- Appendix.

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Book SynopsisWhile urban settlements are the drivers of the global economy and centres of learning, culture, and innovation and nations rely on competitive dynamic regions for their economic, social, and environmental objectives, urban centres and regions face a myriad of challenges that impact the ways in which people live and work, create wealth, and interact and connect with places. Rapid urbanisation is resulting in urban sprawl, rising emissions, urban poverty and high unemployment rates, housing affordability issues, lack of urban investment, low urban financial and governance capacities, rising inequality and urban crimes, environmental degradation, increasing vulnerability to natural disasters and so forth. At the regional level, low employment, low wage growth, scarce financial resources, climate change, waste and pollution, and rising urban peri-urban competition etc. are impacting the ability of regions to meet socio-economic development goals while protecting biodiversity. The response to these challenges has typically been the application of inadequate or piecemeal solutions, often as a result of fragmented decision-making and competing priorities, with numerous economic, environmental, and social consequences. In response, there is a growing movement towards viewing cities and regions as complex and sociotechnical in nature with people and communities interacting with one another and with objects, such as roads, buildings, transport links etc., within a range of urban and regional settings or contexts. This comprehensive MRW will provide readers with expert interdisciplinary knowledge on how urban centres and regions in locations of varying climates, lifestyles, income levels, and stages development are creating synergies and reducing trade-offs in the development of resilient, resource-efficient, environmentally friendly, liveable, socially equitable, integrated, and technology-enabled centres and regions.Table of ContentsApproximately 300 chapters listed A-Z

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the socio-economic and sustainability challenges facing megacities in dealing with the dramatic population increases of informal areas and settlements (or slums), especially when coupled with the impacts and risks of climate change. The authors examine informal urban areas globally and in developing countries utilizing strategic environmental assessment (SEA) as a tool to solve the sequence of upgrading steps concerning slums and shanty towns, and also establish essential guidelines for local governments and stakeholders to create a balance and quality of life for slums dwellers, particularly in the age of the COVID-19 pandemic, through applying sustainability indicators that enhance the upgrading process. Coverage includes recent statistics and mapping of informal areas worldwide and assessment of the GIZ and Sir Norman Foster models in terms of energy demands and consequential emission of CO2 and air pollution from slums. Three models of Maspero’s Triangle are also studied and assessed. The book is essential reading for a wide range of researchers, students, policymakers, governments, and professionals as well as a good source for research centers and academicians working in energy, climate change, urban environments, and sustainable urban development.Table of Contents1) Global informal settlements and urban slums in cities and the coverage 2) Comprehension of informal settlements: An outlook on sprawl factors, challenges, and upgrading process – Role of policies for slums’ resilience and governance3) Informal urban settlements and slums’ upgrading – Global case studies4) Sustainable development principles for upgrading informal urban areas – Sustainability assessment of selected models 5) Understanding the challenges and potentials of people living in slums – Developing Countries6) Assessment of one of the slum areas in developing countries: Maspero’s Triangle – Cairo as a case study7) New Proposed Models for Maspero’s Triangle – Assessment8) Informal settlements and urban slums’ upgrading in megacities – Conclusions and recommendations

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Book SynopsisThis book examines how urban agriculture (UA) is valued in the sustainable city. Through a comparative examination of UA projects in four cities across the Americas – Rosario, Argentina; Toronto, Canada; Medellín, Colombia; and Charlotte, USA – the book illustrates local manifestations of the socio-ecological dimensions of the global food system, and traces theoretical and empirical explanations for the impact of global political economic structures (sustainable neoliberalism) on local efforts to promote social and environmental goals through UA. The study contributes to literature on UA, sustainability, and urban geography through examining the ability of marginalized communities to compete for land on which to grow produce in contribution to their food security, livelihoods, communities, and environments, and will be of interest to UA practitioners, students, and scholars of geography, sociology, sustainability studies, environmental studies, and food studies.This project is distinctive for its global - local orientation that uses local cases to shed light on global phenomena relating to sustainability, neoliberalism, and policy mobilities. It is also important for its qualitative approach to understanding the perceived value of UA. Throughout the research, stakeholders emphasized the qualitative values of UA (such as social integration for new immigrants) that are not easily captured in statistical representations of the economic value of a given piece of urban land. As such, this book seeks to contribute to understanding about the contributions UA makes to a city beyond the food produced, and fill gaps in literature regarding the local manifestations of global policy in UA projects seeking to address both sustainability and social justice objectives.Table of ContentsChapter 1-Introduction.- Chapter 2-Entanglements of social justice, sustainability governance, and land tenure: A review of the literature.- Chapter 3-Producing uneven development through a focus on market gardens.- Chapter 4-“It is not about the food”: Qualitative valuations of urban agriculture.- Chapter 5-Stewarding the environmental commons.- Chapter 6-A way forward.

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses the highly differentiated spatial, social, cultural and demographic structure(s) of Germany, with a particular focus on the reciprocal relations between different levels of spatial development. The historical development of Germany serves as a background in order to provide context for the development of spatially relevant ideas and ideals (whether in relation to politics, landscape, or culture). In this regard, questions of divergence and convergence become highly salient. The book makes the complexity of spatial and social developments in Germany comprehensible. The neopragmatic approach adopted here allows bringing together different theoretical strands while providing a basis for independent regional geographic research at the same time. Beginning with an overview of the physical structures of Germany which provides the material point of departure for the societal development of Germany, key aspects of the German history are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the reciprocal influence between material substrate and notions of landscape. Here, specific ‘German’ trajectories of aesthetic and normative conceptions of landscape become clear. A common theme throughout the book are questions of divergence and of efforts towards convergence, which become evident when considering past and present economic, political, and demographic developments. Efforts to tackle current challenges, such as adapting to climate change and mitigating it, or securing raw materials, also become apparent. The complexity of spatial processes in Germany is illustrated in case study regions dealing with the challenges of structural change in traditional industrial regions (such as the Ruhr area), or e.g. efforts of Berlin to position and find itself as the capital of a unified Germany. Overall, the book shows how theory-driven regional geographic research can make spatiotemporal complexities tangible and comprehensible.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction: Geographies of Complexity.- Chapter 2. Theoretical Framework of a Geography of Germany.- Chapter 3. The Physical Framework.- Chapter 4. Historical Developments – Aspects of German Division and Unification.- Chapter 5. Landscape Developments.- Chapter 6. Spatial Developments in Germany: Persistences, New Differences, and the Effort for Unity.- Chapter 7. Geographies of Complexity and their clarification.- Chapter 8. Regional Development.- Chapter 9. Résumé.- Index.

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Book SynopsisIn the panorama of studies related to the ability of lands to support both natural processes and agricultural production activities, this research introduces a still unexplored or under-studied theme which is that of the relationship between urban sprawl in its various forms and land quality.The first part of the book is dedicated to the motivations and the theoretical premises from which the research originates, connected to the concept of land and those of sustainable urban form. The second part concerns the complex path towards a sustainable use of land, both in terms of institutional and regulatory measures, and in terms of knowledge and understanding of soil degradation processes. This research focuses on the Mediterranean area which is discussed in more detail in the third part. In this part of Europe we try to establish relationships between settlement dynamics and land quality: here fragile ecosystems are diffused both from a biological point of view. physical as well as socio-economic, here we find landscapes that are particularly sensitive to land degradation processes (subject to land degradation, considered the antipodes of land quality) and which in recent decades have been particularly affected by anthropic pressure.In the fourth part, an analysis is presented concerning 76 metropolitan areas representative of southern Europe. The methodology used in this analysis is based on the relationship that exists between soil sealing (or soil waterproofing) and land degradation (or land degradation) aimed at an interpretation, at the metropolitan scale, of how in southern Europe the pattern of Urbanization (compact, dispersive, intermediate) affects the land's ability to support both natural processes and agricultural production activities in a diversified way. In particular, the data on land quality and data on land use were considered together in order to analyze the processes of urban growth and the occupation of productive land for a very large area that includes Greece, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal and some parts of the Adriatic coast.There is still a long way to go, in terms of sharing, integration and definition of strategies aimed at achieving certain targets. A necessary and innovative look towards land quality could help to consider the protection of the soil as a whole, even at the planning level.Table of ContentsFOREWORDINTRODUCTION- THE UNEVEN TRANSFORMATION OF URBAN EUROPE- SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORMS AND SOCIOECONOMIC CHANGE-FROM LAND TO LANDSCAPETOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE USE OF LAND. CURRENT POLICIES COPING WITH ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION- THE POLICY FRAMEWORK-LAND QUALITY AND SOIL SEALINGMEDITERRANEAN EUROPE, A FRAGILE LANDSCAPE. METROPOLITAN GROWTH AND URBAN SPRAWL- THE INTRINSIC FRAGILITY OF MEDITERRANEAN PERI-URBAN LANDSCAPES-FROM DISPERSED CITIES TO METROPOLITAN NETWORKS-THE MEDITERRANEAN CITY AS AN ENTROPIC SPACE-THREE PROTAGONISTS OF URBAN SPRAWLSOIL CONSUMPTION AND URBAN GROWTH IN MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE-THE LINK BETWEEN URBAN EXPANSION AND LAND QUALITYPRESERVING LAND QUALITY IN EUROPEAN METROPOLIS-MANAGEMENT AND GOVERNANCE ASPECTS--CULTURAL ASPECTS AND GOOD PRACTICESCONCLUSIONSGLOSARYINDEX OF FIGURESINDEX OF TABLESREFERENCES

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Book SynopsisThis book directly links the notion of the commons with different design praxes, and explores their social, cultural, and ecological ramifications. It draws out material conditions in four areas of design interest: social design, commons and culture, ecology and transdisciplinary design. As a collection of positions, the diversity of arguments advances the understanding of the commons as both concepts and modes of thinking, and their material translation when contextualised in the domain of design questions. In other words, it moves abstract social science concepts towards concrete design debates. This text appeals to students, researchers and practitioners working on design in architecture, architecture theory, urbanism, and ecology. Table of Contents1. Introduction Gerhard Bruyns and Stavros Kousoulas Part I Design, the Commons and the Social 2. Commoning as a Material Engagement of Resistance: The Struggle to Save the Albanian National TheaterDorina Pllumbi 3. AutoCostruzione-SelbstBau: Design as a Practical Knowledge Translation Process Maria Reitano and Nikolaus Gartner 4. Scaling Out, Up and Deep: Understanding the Sustainment and Resilience of Urban Commons Chun Zheng 5. Alignments of Architecture and Commoning in Tai O Village: Architecture Critique and Fields of Adversity Daniel Elkin, Chi-Yuen Leung and Xiao Lu Wang Part II Design, the Commons and Culture 6. Persistent Modeling of the Built: A Collective Experiment Merging Structural Preservation and Digital Design Between Academia and Industry Frank Bauer and Lasse Sehested Skafte 7. The Commons in African Spatial Production: A Critical Review of Geographies of Power Gert van der Merwe 8. Expressing Urban Commons: Architectural Ambiguity in the Construction of an Improvisational Future Nicholas Frayne Part III Design, the Commons and Ecology 9. Intriguing Human-Waste Commons: Praxis of Anticipation in Urban Agroecological Transitions Markus Wernli 10. The Secondary Use Group: Unlocking Waste as a Common Pool of Resources in the 1970sPiero Medici 11. Reclaiming the Habitat: Food, Fire and Affordance in Designing and Living the Urban Liana Psarologaki and Stamatis ZografosPart IV Design, the Commons and Transdisciplinarity12. Design and Commons: A Lacanian Approach Dora Karadima 13. ‘Matters of Care’ in Spaces of Commoning: Designing In, Against and Beyond Capitalism Katharina Moebus 14. Design as Commoning: Drawing Together with Care Contingent Collective (Lőrinc Vass, Roy Cloutier and Nicole Sylvia) Biographical Notes

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a comprehensive, multidisciplinary introduction to theme parks and the field of theme park studies. It identifies and discusses relevant economic, social, and cultural as well as medial, historical, and geographical aspects of theme parks worldwide, from the big international theme park chains to smaller, regional, family-operated parks. The book also describes the theories and methods that have been used to study theme parks in various academic disciplines and reviews the major contexts in which theme parks have been studied. By providing the necessary backgrounds, theories, and methods to analyze and understand theme parks both as a business field and as a socio-cultural phenomenon, this book will be a great resource to students, academics from all disciplines interested in theme parks, and professionals and policy-makers in the leisure and entertainment as well as the urban planning sector.Table of Contents1) Introduction 2) Attractions 3) Authenticity 4) Economic Strategy 5) History of Theme Parks 6) Immersion 7) Inclusion and Exclusion 8) Industry 9) Labor 10) Media 11) Metatexts and Reception 12) Methods 13) Planning and Layout 14) Space 15) Theming 16) Time 17) Visitors and Customers 18) Worldviews 19) Bibliography 20) Index

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Book Synopsis​This book seeks to address the key challenges and opportunities of "future cities" embracing novel approaches and grounded technologies in pursuing a vision for smart, inclusive cities. The objective of this book is to discuss multiple areas at the local, national, and international levels and how these challenges can hinder the development objectives planned to be achieved by the cities of the future. The chapters featured in this collection were presented at the 6th Memaryat International Conference (MIC 2022), held at the Effat University, Jeddah. MIC’s objective is to build bridges between science, technology, and innovation, seen as the key levers of attaining the SDGs.This book provides the most innovative ideas presented at the conference to address the key manifestation of “future cities" to embrace novel approaches and grounded technologies in the pursue of a vision for smart inclusive cities. It thus represents a platform for diverse contributions from academics and practitioners to present their different perspectives addressed theoretically as well as in practice concerning the challenges and opportunities of future cities. This includes contributions from decision-makers, architects, urban planners, urban designers, entrepreneurs, and educators to stimulate discussion covering the latest on the challenges and opportunities for better future cities in the different domains of architecture, building science and technology, environmental design, mobility & infrastructure, urban design & landscape, housing & real estate developments, urban planning, governance, socio-cultural & economic development, community engagement, tourism and heritage revitalization.Table of ContentsFuture of Smart Inclusive Livable Cities.- Smart Environmental Solutions in Future Cities.- Mobility & Infrastructure in Future Cities.- Smart Economic Solutions in Future Cities.- Governance and Community Development in Future Cities.- Saudi Cities Future.

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Book SynopsisThe present publication focusses the attention on new avenues in regional information and knowledge management, while we will zoom in particularly on the potential promises and hurdles of digital technology. This digital challenge has already generated a wealth of implications in the area of smart or intelligent cities, but as yet far less has been achieved in the field of regional planning and regional science. There is clearly a need for a more systematic and wide-ranging assessment and presentation of emerging approaches and concepts in this field, for instance, in regard to principles (e.g. geographic rule modeling), methodologies (e.g. blockchain systems), data analytics (e.g. machine learning) and data governance (e.g. data sovereignty) of regional information and knowledge. Especially in our ‘big data’ era, a systematic, comprehensible and reliable acquisition, storage, sharing and handling of data (e.g. on the basis of systematic decomposition and filtering principles) is more needed than ever before. The present study seeks to present a selection of state-of-the-art contributions on advanced – often digitally-oriented – regional information and knowledge management foundations, principles and practices written by several experts in the field of spatial informatics. These contributions were collected with a view to the design of a comprehensive knowledge and research agenda, which was discussed during a brainstorm workshop in Lyon, France (October 2021). This book covers various fields of interest, such as GeoAI, knowledge modelling, IoT and scalability, space syntax, rule extraction, data governance and data self-sovereignty. It is concluded with a knowledge and research agenda outlining future endeavors in the field of the spatial information sciences (or spatial informatics).Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThe present publication focusses the attention on new avenues in regional information and knowledge management, while we will zoom in particularly on the potential promises and hurdles of digital technology. This digital challenge has already generated a wealth of implications in the area of smart or intelligent cities, but as yet far less has been achieved in the field of regional planning and regional science. There is clearly a need for a more systematic and wide-ranging assessment and presentation of emerging approaches and concepts in this field, for instance, in regard to principles (e.g. geographic rule modeling), methodologies (e.g. blockchain systems), data analytics (e.g. machine learning) and data governance (e.g. data sovereignty) of regional information and knowledge. Especially in our ‘big data’ era, a systematic, comprehensible and reliable acquisition, storage, sharing and handling of data (e.g. on the basis of systematic decomposition and filtering principles) is more needed than ever before. The present study seeks to present a selection of state-of-the-art contributions on advanced – often digitally-oriented – regional information and knowledge management foundations, principles and practices written by several experts in the field of spatial informatics. These contributions were collected with a view to the design of a comprehensive knowledge and research agenda, which was discussed during a brainstorm workshop in Lyon, France (October 2021). This book covers various fields of interest, such as GeoAI, knowledge modelling, IoT and scalability, space syntax, rule extraction, data governance and data self-sovereignty. It is concluded with a knowledge and research agenda outlining future endeavors in the field of the spatial information sciences (or spatial informatics).Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the transformation of Bangladesh in respect to its people, geography, economy and environment. The authors discuss current problems such as vulnerability caused by environmental degradation in Bangladesh but also opportunities of this rapidly changing country. The book explains how the country is rapidly transforming from a rural subsistence agrarian based economic system to a new economic partner contributing to global processes. Bangladesh is presented as an example for the changes in the Global South, where a mismatch is often observed in linking resources and activities with environmental sustainability, possibly due to insufficient base-line knowledge. As faster growth is marginalizing resources to increase the GDP, the sustainability of resource exploitation is being questioned. The authors describe the vulnerable situation caused by possible sea-level rise, soil degradation, biodiversity loss, climate extremities, urbanization, and population displacement. This volume offers comprehensive knowledge about the geography and environment of Bangladesh and aims to help readers further investigate the issues and work on solutions. The book appeals to academics, professionals and students at all levels interested in Bangladesh as well as environmental problems and geographical issues in a rapidly transforming country. Table of ContentsPart 1 : Geo-Physical Dynamics (Gregor, Hugh Brammer, Shitanshu, Raquib)• Geological structure and the formation of Bengal Basin• River shifts and its impact on the surface modifications of the flood plain• The Pleistocene Terrace: a unique landform with different environment• The active and moribund deltas and their features• Climate pattern in Bangladesh and climate fluctuationsPart 2: Bio-Physical Aspects (M.P. Rana)• Soil as a natural resource under stress• Forest resources and its degradation• Threats to the Sundarban mangrove forest and aspects of its stakeholdersPart 3 : Changes in Society (Philip Gain)• Origin of the ethnicity of Bangladesh• Historical transformation and political changes• Ethnic conflicts and the question of ethnic minorities (Adivasis)Part: 4: Land Resource and Land Use Pattern: (Raquib, Boris…..)• Land use pattern and land use change in Bangladesh• Land management and land use zoning for environmentPart 5 : Towards Food Security and Food Self-sufficiency (Prof. Abdus Sattar, Agri University, Kathi)• Agriculture pattern and modernization of practices• Crop diversity, introduction of GM breeds and sustainable food supply• Irrigation, pesticide and fertilizer – and the other side of environment• Inland and off-shore fish resources – solution for mass protein• Shrimp farming and the question of land and social environment• Food security and future of food productionPart 6: Changing Population Dynamics• Pattern of demographic characteristics and prevailing trends in Bangladesh• Population migration pattern – internal and externalPart 7: Rural Settlement Pattern (Prof. Baqee ….)• Rural houses of Bangladesh and its spatial architectural aspects• Rural settlement pattern and rural housing in BangladeshPart 8: Urbanization: A Future Challenge (Raquib, Boris, Tibor, Prof. Nazrul Islam)• Urbanization pattern in Bangladesh• Urban informal sectors – a place of socio-economic adaptation• Urban environment problems and government policies• Mega city and mega challenge – a review of Dhaka cityPart 9: Trade, Communication and Industries for Economic Growth (Boris ….)• Pattern of internal and international trade• Garment industries and its impact on economic growth• The foreign remittance sector: a question of sustainable contributor in economic growth• Railway communication – a ignored cheap means of transport• River transports and their problems• Prospects of Indo-Bangladesh transport corridor – a possibilityPart 10: Bangladesh in Growing International Sharing (Raquib …)• Bangladesh’s international relations in change – a historical review• Bangladesh’s bi-lateral and multilateral international conflictsPart 11: Natural Hazards and Changes in Livelihood Pattern (Chandan Roy, Shoeb)• Flood management and water-logging in Bangladesh• Coastal cyclones: Sidr and Ayla and the cyclone of November 1970 – historical reviews• Drought in north-western Bangladesh and management• Coastal salinity increase and its impact on coastal environment• Changes in the livelihood pattern in coastal BangladeshPart 12: Environmental Problems and Policies for Sustainable Living (Boris, Gregor, Raquib, Mehedi Azam)• Major environmental problems in Bangladesh• Bangladesh’s position in the international environment protocol• Surface water crises and management for eco-friendly development• Ground water crisis and its impact on environment and healthPart 13: Bangladesh Under Climate Change Threat (Raquib)• Bangladesh under possible climate change threat • Government policies on climate change adaptation/mitigation and its role in international dialogues• Education curriculum and policy for environment and climate awarenessPart 14: Development Policies and Future of Bangladesh• Selected Master Plans – Dhaka, Chittagong and Khulna – their strength in urban land use and environment management• Bangladesh’s agriculture policy and the question of self-sufficiency• Micro-credit and poverty reduction: question of long term sustainability and social development• NGOs role in national development

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Book SynopsisThe Hebrides: Their Physical Endowment and Its Challenges.- How the Earliest Human Communities Adapted to their Setting.-A Fusion of Cultures: the Picts, Scots and Vikings.- How Land was Occupied Before Crofting.- How Land was Farmed before Crofting.-  Landscapes of Summer: the Shielings.- The Inter Tidal and Beyond: the Harvest of Sea and Shore.- The Harvesting and Processing of Grain.- Survival on the Margins.- Crofting: An Uncompromising Adaptation.- The Clearances for Sheep and Deer.- Hebridean Housing and Settlement.- Epilogue.

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Book SynopsisAllow yourself to be taken back into deep geologic time when strange creatures roamed the Earth and Western North America looked completely unlike the modern landscape. Volcanic islands stretched from Mexico to Alaska, most of the Pacific Rim didn’t exist yet, at least not as widespread dry land; terranes drifted from across the Pacific to dock on Western Americas’ shores creating mountains and more volcanic activity. Landscapes were transposed north or south by thousands of kilometers along huge fault systems. Follow these events through paleogeographic maps that look like satellite views of ancient Earth. Accompanying text takes the reader into the science behind these maps and the geologic history that they portray. The maps and text unfold the complex geologic history of the region as never seen before.Winner of the 2021 John D. Haun Landmark Publication Award, AAPG-Rocky Mountain SectionTable of ContentsGeologic setting of the Cordillera: Introduction to terranes.- Overview of modern landscapes and geology, Western North America.- Proterozoic – origin of continental crust and passive margin history.- Passive margins and broad seaways – Early Pz (Camb-Dev).- First accretion – Antler orogeny (Dev-Miss).- Unstable margin – Marginal Island Arcs and terrane juxtaposition (Miss-Penn).- Second Accretion – Sonoman orogeny (Perm-Tr).- Cordilleran Arc – Sevier orogeny – volcanoes, batholiths, and more terranes (J-K).- Shallow subduction and arc disruption (Paleogene).- Transform margin and crustal extension (Neogene).- Canyons and glaciers – shaping the modern landscape (Pleistocene to Recent).- Special places – where to see the landscapes.- Use of Plaeogeographic maps.- New North American series (whole or cropped to area covered) – broad areas and broad events – to provide broad geologic setting.- Colorado Plateau-SW North America series – regional detail and events of N Mexico, California, Nevada, Western Arizona, Western Utah, Oregon, Idaho.- Global series – broad geologic setting of Western North America through geologic time.

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Book SynopsisThe book thoroughly describes Iceland’s geological development and its current geological processes, taking into account both geographic and geo-ecological aspects. Furthermore, it includes suggested excursions especially for individual tours. The most popular tourist “highlights” (e.g. the Golden Circle with þingvellir, Gullfoss and Geyser) should certainly not be excluded. But there is so much more to explore apart from the main tourist routes - and sometimes only a few kilometers away. Examining various regions of the country, each proposed stop is sufficiently described so that it is easily accessible (especially for individual tourists). A wealth of maps, graphics and images illustrate and supplement the coverage. This invaluable guide is aimed in particular at individual tourists to Iceland. It provides those tourists wishing to explore Iceland on their own with a wide range of suggestions for their trip. In addition, numerous excursion suggestions for the west, southwest and south, including the Westman Islands, are described in detail.Table of ContentsIceland - a Worthwhile and Popular Island to Visit.- Iceland - an Island in the North Atlantic.- Geographical Subspaces of Iceland.- Geology of Iceland.- The Economy of Iceland.- Excursion Proposals.

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Book SynopsisOriginally published in Germany in 1997 as the first geographic work on Austria to appear since the 1920s, this book presents the results of research work in the fields of history, politics, regional planning, economics, sociology and Earth sciences.

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Book SynopsisBIMSTEC has evolved as an important multilateral institution around the geography of Bay of Bengal. Its significance has been spurred by regional governments who are proactively engaging to make BIMSTEC a vibrant institution. This book argues for promoting we-ness in the region and foster cooperation for regional integration.

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Book SynopsisJustin O’Connor and Lily Kong The cultural and creative industries have become increasingly prominent in many policy agendas in recent years. Not only have governments identified the growing consumer potential for cultural/creative industry products in the home market, they have also seen the creative industry agenda as central to the growth of external m- kets. This agenda stresses creativity, innovation, small business growth, and access to global markets – all central to a wider agenda of moving from cheap manufacture towards high value-added products and services. The increasing importance of cultural and creative industries in national and city policy agendas is evident in Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, Australia, and New Zealand, and in more nascent ways in cities such as Chongqing and Wuhan. Much of the thinking in these cities/ countries has derived from the European and North American policy landscape. Policy debate in Europe and North America has been marked by ambiguities and tensions around the connections between cultural and economic policy which the creative industry agenda posits. These become more marked because the key dr- ers of the creative economy are the larger metropolitan areas, so that cultural and economic policy also then intersect with urban planning, policy and governance.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“Creative Economies, Creative Cities, an edited collection of articles by academics from Europe, the Far East and Australia, puts Florida’s thesis in global and historical context. The book mines a rich vein of debate that began long before 2002 about the effectiveness of the Creative Economy idea. … The book is a kind of echo chamber for academics and policy-makers … .” (Matthew J. Kiefer, ArchitectureBoston, September, 2009)“One of the most valuable aspects of Creative Economies, Creative Cities is that it identifies questions from recent years about the cultural and creative industries, a sophisticated set of policy agendas regarding the development of creative economics and creative cities. … This collection should be read by policymakers interested in design and implementation of culture-led regeneration projects.” (Chang Bin Lee, International Journal of Cultural Policy, Vol. 17 (3), June, 2011)“The book has a strong interdisciplinary approach–effectively reflecting the variety of topics and methods that characterise research in this area. … the book proves a solid contribution and some of the chapters included will become highly cited within the field. … it is the first attempt to adopt an inclusive view on the creative economy and give us a better understating of the creative economies discourses and creative city policies taking place in Asia. For this ground-breaking reason the book has to be praised.”­­­ (Roberta Comunian, Journal of Cultural Economics, Vol. 34, February, 2010)Table of ContentsChapter 1:Introduction: Justin O’Connor and Lily Kong.- Creative Economy Policies.- Chapter 2: Creative cities and the creative/cultural economy: a European perspective: Andy Pratt.- Chapter 3: Notions of the creative industry in Asia: the interaction of past and present industrial forms: Ted Tschang.- Creative Clusters.- Chapter 4:Spaces of culture and economy: mapping the cultural creative cluster landscape: Hans Mommaas: Chapter 5: Creative clusters: arts and cultural activities in Singapore: Lily Kong: Chapter 6: The capital complex: Beijing’s new creative clusters: Michael Keane: A Creative Class?: Chapter 7: The European creative class and regional development: How relevant is Florida’s theory for Europe?: Høgni Kalsø Hansen, Bjorn Asheim and Jan Vang Lauridsen: Chapter 8: Getting out of place: the mobile creative class takes on the local: Kate Oakley.- Chapter 9: Asian cities and limits to creative capital theory: Patrick Mok.- The Making of Creative Cities.- Chapter 10: The creative industries, governance and economic development: Calvin Taylor: Chapter 11: Shanghai’s emergence into the global creative economy: Li Wu Wei and Hua Jian.- Chapter 12: Shanghai Moderne: creative economy in a creative city?: Justin O’Connor: The Politics of the Creative City: Chapter 13: Urbanity as a political project: urban interventions and the European City: Eric Corijn: Chapter 14: Alternative politics in urban innovation: Panu Lehtovouri and Klaske Havik: References.- Index

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Book SynopsisGlobally, concerns for the environment and human well-being have increased as results of threats imposed by climate change and disasters, environmental degradation, pollution of natural resources, water scarcity and proliferation of slums. Finding appropriate solutions to these threats and challenges is not simple, as these are generally complex and require state-of-the-art technology to collect, measure, handle and analyse large volumes of varying data sets. However, the recent advances in sensor technology, coupled with the rapid development of computational power, have greatly enhanced our abilities to capture, store and analyse the surrounding physical environment. This book explores diverse dimensions of geo-intelligence (GI) technology in developing a computing framework for location-based, data-integrating earth observation and predictive modelling to address these issues at all levels and scales. The book provides insight into the applications of GI technology in several fields of spatial and social sciences and attempts to bridge the gap between them.Table of Contents1. GEO-INTELLIGENCE ROLE IN SUSTAINABLE CITY MISSIONS OF THE GLOBAL SOUTH: A REVIEW 2. CLOUD-BASED GEOSPATIAL MAPPING AND ANALYSIS OF PRAYAGRAJ KUMBH MELA OF INDIA: THE UNESCO INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE 3. GEO-INTELLIGENCE-BASED APPROACH FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF PERI-URBAN AREAS: A CASE STUDY OF KOZHIKODE CITY, KERALA (INDIA) 4. SMART CITY: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE CITY OF THE FUTURE 5. GEO-INTELLIGENCE FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND FOOD SECURITY 6. GEO-INTELLIGENCE FOR PANDEMIC PREVENTION AND CONTROL 7. GEO- INTELLIGENCE IN PUBLIC HEALTH: A PANOPTICAL TO COVID -19 PANDEMIC 8. USE OF REMOTE SENSING DATA TO IDENTIFY AIR POLLUTION SIGNATURES IN INDIA 9. Urban Growth Impact on Cauvery River: A Geospatial Perspective 10. ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK (ANN) BASED PREDICTIONS OF BULK PERMITTIVITY OF CO2-WATER-POROUS MEDIA SYSTEM 11. LONG-TERM SATELLITE DATA TIME SERIES ANALYSIS FOR LAND DEGRADATION MAPPING TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE 12. Modeling of the Mass Balance of Glaciers with Debris Cover 13. A GEO-INTELLIGENCE BASED APPROACH TO INVESTIGATE TEMPORAL CHANGES IN THE LENGTH AND SURFACE AREA AND ICE VELOCITY OF SAKCHUM GLACIER

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Book SynopsisThis book is a collection of research focusing on the anthropological aspects of how food is made in modern society from both global and local perspectives. Modern food consumed in any society is created in a variety of natural and cultural environments. There is a "food democracy" in which how we procure and share food can be an indicator of our participation in society, while food nurtured in particular climates and land can be transmitted to the outside world owing to the influence of tourism and the global economy, a phenomenon that is recognized on a global scale as exemplified by the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage. In other words, food is an aspect of both culture and civilization. Anthropological approaches are used to reveal the humanistic aspects of food, highlighting the strength and individuality of regional and ethnic foods in global civilizations. The book is a compilation of results from sessions of the international symposium “Making Food in Human and Natural History”, which took place on March 18 and 19, 2019, in Osaka, Japan.Table of ContentsTable of Contents Preface and Acknowledgment Introduction. Atsushi Nobayashi Part 1. Ecology and Food Chapter 1. Gastronomical goods as a biocultural value of wood pastures in Eastern Europe. Anna Varga, Nikolett Darányi, Krisztina Molnár, Zsolt Molnár and Noémi Ujhá-zy. Chapter 2. Merroir in the Making: Provenance Fetishism and the Social Construction of Taste in the Japanese Seafood System. Shingo Hamada. Chapter 3. The Socio-Cultural Reception of MSG (Monosodium Glutamate) in Thailand. Yoshimi Osawa. Part 2. Social context of Food Chapter 4. Sharing food and conviviality in the Mediterranean Diet. Some ethnographic examples Elisabetta Moro and Rossella Galletti. Chapter 5. Rethinking foodscapes: Does it matter how food reaches my plate? Cristina Grasseni Chapter 6. Rethinking family commensality: Through Japanese cases and Italian ones Taeko Udagawa Part 3. Ethnicity in Foodscape Chapter 7. The “Making” of Hakka Cuisine: A Case Study for the Formation of Ethnic Food and its Foodscapes in Southeast China. Hironao Kawai. Chapter 8. Tubawan and the Play of Authorial Slippage: The Sani Yi people’s practice of hospitality business and the making of indigenous foodscape. Rongling Ge. Chapter 9. Translocal Foodscapes: Gastronomic Creativity in Mérida, Mexico, and Seville, Spain. Steffan Igor Ayora Diaz. Part 4. Food and the nation Chapter 10. The Tea Industry in Modern China and Public Demand for Tea Jianping Guan Chapter 11. On the Formation of Chinese National Cuisine: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives Haruhiko Nishizawa

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Book SynopsisThis book covers themes related to the geosphere, biosphere, sociosphere and ecosphere dealing with changing geographical, environmental and socio-economic realities to plan a sustainable future for the northeast region (NER) of India. The NER consists of eight states—Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya and Sikkim—and they carry political, economic and social importance. The book integrates the past, present and future of geospheric attributes incorporating progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to meet the demands for improving human wellbeing under diverse and challenging socio-economic, political and environmental conditions. The key SDGs, as in food and agriculture, health, education, water, energy and other overarching goals of the region, have yet to incorporate providing sustainable jobs and promoting equality and inclusive development, although there have been a few studies in that regard.The challenges to achieve SDGs in the NER are formidable compared to the rest of India. The NER has put a great deal of effort into achieving the SDGs, mainly in poverty (SDG-1), good health (SDG-3), education (SDG-4), gender (SDG-5), decent work (SDG-8) and reduced inequalities (SDG-10), similar to the rest of the country. However, the standard development indicators such as road length, access to health care, power consumption and other measures are far below the national average. A multi-pronged strategy has played a pivotal role in the region, but development strategy to attain the SDGs 2030 must be more inclusive in empowering people with maximising self-governance, considering the resources, needs and aspirations of the people.This book evaluates the performance of the SDGs and fills in the gaps. It includes case studies focusing on different SDGs using advanced cartographic, statistical and GIS techniques and methods. It also provides unique findings that serve as valuable resources for planners and policy-makers so that a sustainable future in Northeast India can be achieved.Table of Contents1. Sustainable Development Goals in Northeast India - Challenges and Achievements Rituparna Bhattacharyya, Subhash Anand and Madhushree Das 2. Professor Narendra Nath Bhattacharyya: A Brief Profile of His Life, Academic Career and Contributions Bimal K. Kar 3. Just Transition, (Re)vision 2020- The Story Hitherto Syeda Fahima Shahnaz Sultana, Payel Saha, Chandan Bhuyan, Madhushree Das, Rituparna Bhattacharyya and Subhash Anand 4. An Analysis of the Performance of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) in the North East Region of India: An Economics Perspective Pawan Kumar, Paramjit and Subhash Anand 5. Extreme Weather Events and Food Insecurity in Northeast India Raju Mandal, Binoy Goswami, Munmi Sarma and Hiranya Nath 6. Food Security in North-East India: the Role of Agriculture, Challenges and the Road Ahead Navneet Hazarika, Joyeeta Deka, Praditya Kumar Das, Kandarpa Kumar Saikia 7. Juxtaposing Food Security and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Northeast India: Evidence and Explanations Dibyajyoti Dutta and Akhil Ranjan Dutta 8. Land Degradation, Desertification and Food Security in North East India: Present and Future Scenarios Vimla Singh and Nivedita Chaudhary 9. Enhanced Vegetation Index and Land Use Analysis for Seven Sister States of India (2000-2022) Priyanka Puri 10. Quality of Living Space Among Rural Households in North Eastern Region of India K.V. Chamar and Rekha Dhanak 11. Augmentation of North-East Resources: intervention through Data Science & Advanced Technology Eeshankur Saiki and Parvej Reja Saleh 12. Sustainable development goals (SDG 3) “health and wellbeing”: What’s ailing north eastern states? Mridul Kumar Sarma 13. Progress Made by The North Eastern States of India Towards the 2030 Health-Related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs: Performance of The Health and Well-Being Indicators Sahana Bhattacharjee 14. Status of Gender Equality in the North Eastern States: A Pathway towards Achievement of Sustainable Development Goal Lovleen Gupta, Shubham Singhania, Rohit Kumar Shrivastav 15. Change in Dominant and Deficient Functions of Rural Female Workers in North-Eastern Region of India: An Analysis Ashu Rani and K.V. Chamar 16. An Evolving Paradigm Of Cybersecurity In North East India Subimal Bhattacharjee 17. Sustainable Development Goals and Assam- A Roadmap to a Better Future Payel Saha, Syeda Fahima Shahnaz Sultana, Ankabehari Saha and Madhushree Das 18. Measuring Gaps to Achieve the SDG 1 in Assam and Identifying the Causes Barnali Gogoi and Swapnali Saikia 19. On Understanding the Drinking Water Treatment Requirements in India during Emergencies Rituparna Bhattacharyya, Bowen Tan and Diganta Bhusan Das 20. Perilous Waters: Gendering Community Based Disasters Management Practices from floods a study of Majuli Assam Bikash Chetry 21. Rejuvenating Geographies of Manas through People’s Participation: A Success Story of Community Conservation Pranjit Kumar Sarma, Rituparna Bhattacharyya and Sanatan Deka 22. Ephemeral char ecosystems and mitigation of flood induced vulnerability along River Brahmaputra Nazifa Ahmed 23. Making Unpaid Work Visible - The Key To Removing Gender Inequality: A Study In The Urban Households Of Assam Chandrama Goswami and Manisha Bhattacharyya 24. Wildlife habitat dynamics and sustainable development: revisiting Pabitora Wildlife Sanctuary of Assam Pranjit Kumar Sarma, Bibhab Kumar Talukdar, Pradipta Baruah and Mukul Tamuli 25. Prospects of Tourism Sector in Assam to achieve Sustainable Development Goals Shikha Yadav, Gautam Kakaty, Usha Rani and Vaibhav Anand 26. Sustainable Ethnic Tourism Development in Arunachal Pradesh Parijat Borgohain and Barnali Patowary 27. SDG 3 in Manipur: A Story of Hill-Valley Divide Esther Ngaihte and Anushruti 28. An Analytical Study on the inseparable relations between food, population, arable land and economy in Manipur from the Perspective of Sustainability Irom Luckychand Meitei and Gurumayum Jadumani Sharma 29. Application of Remote Sensing and GIS techniques for Landslide hazard Zonation in Tamenglong District of Manipur, North East India Lunghim Rongmei, Irom Luckychand Meitei and Ekta Raman 30. Analysing development induced trade-offs: A Case Study of Loktak Multipurpose Project (LMP) in Manipur Himani Tiwari & Harshita Tiwari

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Book SynopsisSoutheast Asia contains four urban conglomerates of the sort that this study characterizes as Mega-Urban Regions - Jakarta, Manila, Bangkok and Ho Chi Minh. These locations are examined in this book, along with Taipei and Shanghai. Because the administrative boundaries of the cities at the core of these zones do not include the entire urban area, the significance of the broader urban community has largely escaped scholarly attention. The authors base their analysis on actual agglomeration size rather than administrative boundaries, and draw on unpublished census data to study the dynamics of these massive urban zones, considering area and population size as well as social and demographic patterns of change in core, inner and outer zones. They conclude that these mega-urban regions continue to increase their share of national populations, and zones immediately beyond the official metropolitan boundaries are where the most dramatic changes are occurring.

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Book SynopsisThis is a ground breaking book that draws on insights from multiple disciplines to map out the new contours of struggles for land in Southeast Asia. The volume provides a framework for analyzing the dilemmas of land relations across the Global South and beyond.

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Book SynopsisSince the 1960s, Southeast Asia's agricultural sector has experienced phenomenal growth, with increases in production linked to an energy-intensive capitalization of agriculture and the rapid development of agrifood systems and agribusiness. This book takes an in in-depth look into this.

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Book SynopsisRice is a staple part of the diet of virtually every Malaysian, to the extent that in each of the major languages used in Malaysia, rice means food and food means rice. Drawing on a wide range of sources, Rice in Malaya opens with an examination of the often fragmentary evidence of rice-growing in prehistoric South-East Asia and then considers the great changes that followed the rise of commercial agriculture in the region before and during colonial times. A pioneering work when it first appeared in 1977, Rice in Malaya successfully combined the area-by-area approach of the geographer with the period-by-period approach of the historian to give a well-balanced picture of rice-growing. The comprehensive use of evidence in several languages made the study the definitive work in the field. This re-issued of Rice in Malaya makes a classic work of scholarship available to a new generation of readers. The book remains of great importance not only to geographers, historians, agriculturalists and economists but also to anyone with an interest in South-East Asia, for it explains in great measure many of the deeply-etched patterns of life found in modern Malaysia.

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Book SynopsisLandscape is not only the visible material surface of places but also refers to ways of interpreting fluid or contested social relations and spatial arrangements. The essays in this book critically examine how material and immaterial landscapes take shape in Singapore and their impacts on the population. They further assess how different social groups in Singapore inhabit landscapes and negotiate changing societal dynamics and conditions. The book contextualises developments in Singapore within regional and international trends. A standard Singapore Studies textbook, this book will appeal to anyone seeking to understand this ever-changing island, city and state.

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