Public international law: economic and trade Books

Book SynopsisIn pharmaceutical patent law, the problem of lack of policy direction and inappropriate legal framework is widespread - particularly among jurisdictions with little to no pharmaceutical research or manufacturing. This book aims to inform public policy and influence debate through a comprehensive review of Hong Kong''s pharmaceutical patent law. By demonstrating the need for a holistic review of pharmaceutical patent laws and evaluating Hong Kong''s system in light of health policy, economic and social factors, Bryan Mercurio recommends changes to the legal framework and constructs a more efficient and effective system for Hong Kong. He thoroughly evaluates the international framework and best practice models to offer a global perspective to each issue before providing local context in the analysis. While the focus of the book is Hong Kong, the analysis on pharmaceutical patent law and policy extends to other jurisdictions facing issues on reforming their national system.Trade Review'Bryan Mercurio's book breaks new ground in making the link between international legal obligations and domestic policymaking in the field of pharmaceutical patent law. Demonstrating a solid understanding of the fundamentals and nuances of these complex areas, Mercurio's clearly written book offers expert analysis and recommendations which will garner attention from both scholars and policymakers. With the publication of this book, Professor Mercurio further cements his place as the world's leading international economic law scholar researching on intellectual property rights.' Lorand Bartels, University of Cambridge'Professor Bryan Mercurio once again demonstrates his expertise in both international economic law and intellectual property law in his forthcoming book on pharmaceuticals, patents and policy in Hong Kong. The book is a must-read for any scholar interested in this important topic, and in general. The book is innovative in approach, significantly advances the literature and should be engaged with not only by the academic community but also by policymakers in Hong Kong and elsewhere. Page after page, the book demonstrates how few, if any, scholars possess Professor Mercurio's ability to expertly understand the details of the patent regime and the pharmaceutical industry, and with it offering clear and practical recommendations as a way forward in this important area of the law and policy … I deeply enjoyed [the book] and found it to a superb piece of scholarship and one that is much needed in the legal literature.' Irene Calboli, Singapore Management University'This timely, well-written and carefully analysed book provides a definitive study of the pharmaceutical patent system in Hong Kong. More broadly, it reveals the far-reaching impacts new international trade and intellectual property standards can have on local health systems. The book strikes a rare but appropriate balance between a global perspective and local contextual analyses. It is a must-read for anybody interested in intellectual property, public health and international trade.' Peter K. Yu, Director, Center for Law and Intellectual Property, Texas A&M University'Professor Mercurio has written the definitive book on this important topic. Innovative, well researched and argued, it will have a significant impact on policy not only in Hong Kong but internationally. It is a must read for academics, policymakers and practitioners involved in the area.' Andrew Mitchell, University of Melbourne'Like previous works by Professor Mercurio, this book is engaging and easy to read and is a welcome contribution to the study of pharmaceutical patent law and policy. It is highly recommended to scholars, policymakers and industry practitioners. Undoubtedly, this book deserves to be viewed as a model to understand and assess policy objectives in patent law and should be considered as a template for best practices in addressing pharmaceutical patenting in emerging and developing economies.' Pratyush Nath Upreti, Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice'[T]he book makes a substantial contribution to this conundrum by drawing widely from patent law and practice variations in other jurisdictions (including Australia, Canada, Japan, Singapore, South Africa, Taiwan, the United Kingdom and the United States). As such, the book builds a clear picture of policy options available to Hong Kong but also with lessons of wider applicability worldwide. For this, and for its profound depth and breadth of knowledge of international and national patent law and practice, the book is highly recommended.' Duncan Matthews, International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition LawTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. The contextual framework of Hong Kong's pharmaceutical patent laws and policy; 3. Standards of patentability; 4. Extension of patent terms for pharmaceutical products; 5. Exceptions to exclusive rights; 6. Test data exclusivity; 7. Patent linkage; 8. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisTrade liberalisation can enhance the economic welfare of all trade partners, but in adjusting to greater competition, many import- competing firms and workers face difficult problems. Since 1962, Congress has responded to these adjustment costs by authorising trade adjustment assistance (TAA) programs for workers, firms, and farmers, and continues to monitor their performance and amend the governing legislation. This book discusses the Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms (TAAF) program, which provides technical assistance to trade- affected firms to help them develop strategies to remain competitive in a dynamic international economy. Legislation has been introduced in the 113th Congress that would reauthorise TAA programs, which are set to expire on December 31, 2013. President Obama also has supported TAA reauthorisation, linking it to renewal of Trade Promotion Authority (TPA).

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Book SynopsisThe origin of the Trade Adjustment Assistance for Farmers program can be traced back to a 2000 Department of Labor report recommending that a separate program be enacted "to assist agricultural producers and workers affected adversely by imports" if the objective is to assist them to remain in their current occupations. The report described the existing trade adjustment assistance (TAA) programs that provided (1) limited technical assistance to help business firms (including some that produced agricultural and food products) regain economic competitiveness or to shift into producing other goods, and (2) training assistance to workers (including those employed by some agricultural firms) to facilitate their transition into other occupations. It noted that the provision of direct financial assistance (such as income supplements) to farmers, or efforts to financially enable them to continue producing the commodity adversely affected by imports rather than help them adjust to employment in other sectors, would be inconsistent with the objectives of the then-existing TAA programs. Observers stated that farmers and ranchers typically did not qualify for the TAA workers program because they were self-employed (and thus rarely were eligible for unemployment benefits) and were less likely to want to be retrained for a new occupation (particularly if earning income from producing other crops or from non-farm sources). This book examines the TAA programs elements and effectiveness.

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Book SynopsisPartner countries of free trade agreements (FTA) that the Government Accountability Office (GAO) selected -- the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) and the FTAs with Colombia, Oman, and Peru -- have taken steps to implement labour provisions and other initiatives to strengthen labour rights. This book examines steps that selected partner countries have taken, and U.S. assistance they have received, to implement these provisions and other labour initiatives and the reported results of such steps; submissions regarding possible violations of FTA labour provisions that DOL has accepted and any problems related to the submission process; and the extent to which U.S. agencies monitor and enforce implementation of FTA labour provisions and report results to Congress.

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Book SynopsisFiscal policy is an important factor influencing the growth performance of countries. However, compared to the large empirical literature on the effects of monetary policy on economic activity, fiscal policy has received less attention. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of fiscal policy and the macroeconomy as well as the challenges of fiscal policy in the current global environment. The book brings a global perspective to the practice of fiscal policy by presenting case studies from the United States, the European Union, and the Caribbean. Topics discussed in the book include international dimensions of fiscal policy, public debt and the economy, austerity versus stimulus and economic growth, the correction of economic imbalances in Europe, the long term impact of fiscal devaluation, the cyclicality of fiscal policy, the appropriate debt ceilings for small states, lessons from the banking union framework in the Euro Area, fiscal policy and competitiveness, policy lessons from debt restructuring in Jamaica, estimating the structural fiscal balance in small islands and fiscal policy rules and fiscal performance.

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Book SynopsisIn 2015 the OECD released its roadmap to address Base Erosion and Profit Shifting. The global tax reform package, with 15 Actions, is designed to equip countries with the tools they need to ensure profits are taxed where economic activity occurs and value is added. This volume is a comprehensive stock-take of the BEPS implementation that looks beyond a mere checklist of action or non-action to explore the experiences of 18 different jurisdictions. It highlights the different approaches taken by capital importing and capital exporting regions, developed and developing countres, OECD and non-OECD members and well as G20 and non-G20 members. Expert authors from Australia, Canada, China, Hong Kong SAR, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Singapore, South Africa, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Vietnam have contributed chapters to this volume. Each provides the 'must-know' answers to questions that all stakeholders in the tax system are asking in relation to the domestic implementaiton of the largest reform of international tax the world has seen in a century.

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Book SynopsisUntil the February 2004 gas crisis when Gazprom cut off all gas flows via Belarus, the issue of Belarus as a gas transit route was not addressed seriously despite this country's transiting around 20% of Russia's gas exports to Europe. The gas crisis threatened the reliability of gas supplies to Europe. It demonstrated the necessity of bringing Belarus back into focus, explaining how and why the seemingly amicable Russian-Belarussian relationship had deteriorated to such an extent, and suggesting how the problem might evolve in the future. This book shows that the reliability of the Belarussian gas transit routes is influenced by changes in the intensity of the Russian-Belarussian integration and explores whether Belarus is in a position to manage (or, indeed, survive) within the new, 'commercial' framework to which the gas issues had shifted following the failure to establish political union. The book predicts that the mainstay of Belarussian welfare is bound to deteriorate as Russia continues to increase its domestic gas prices at 20% annually as part of its energy strategy and in line with WTO requirements - thus, also making Belarus's independent stance vis-a-vis Gazprom unsustainable. In order to secure gas prices at the level of, at least, Russian domestic prices, Belarus is likely to return to negotiating a joint venture operating the Belarussian transit network together with Gazprom. Yet, even if such a joint venture were to be formed, it would not eliminate the main reason of the unreliability of gas transit via Belarus - the weakness of the national economy. Therefore, unless Belarus embarks on reforms leading to substantial gas conservation, it will continue to be tempted to resort to unauthorised gas off-takes and non-payments undermining the reliability of transit.

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Book SynopsisNo WTO, Self Reliance and Globalisation Read a customer review or write one .

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Book SynopsisThis Study Guide complements van Marrewijk: International Trade and the World Economy, reviewing and deepening the student's understanding of the topics covered in the main textbook. It provides a set of questions relating to every chapter and these are sub-divided into four different types: review, empirical, simulation and technical questions.Table of Contents1. THE WORLD ECONOMY ; 4. PRODUCTION STRUCTURE ; 9. IMPERFECT COMPETITION ; 14. GEOGRAPHICAL ECONOMIES

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisTrade multilateralism in the twenty-first century faces a serious test as weakness in the global economy and fast-paced technological changes create a challenging environment for world trade. This book examines how an updated and robust, rules-based multilateral framework, anchored in the WTO, remains indispensable to maximizing the benefits of global economic integration and to reviving world trade. By examining recent accessions to the WTO, it reveals how the growing membership of the WTO has helped to support domestic reforms and to strengthen the rules-based framework of the WTO. It argues that the new realities of the twenty-first century require an upgrade to the architecture of the multilateral trading system. By erecting its ''upper floors'' on the foundation of existing trade rules, the WTO can continue to adapt to a fast-changing environment and to maximize the benefits brought about by its ever-expanding membership.Table of Contents1. Making trade multilateralism work for all: the role of WTO accessions Alexei Kireyev and Chiedu Osakwe; Part I. WTO Accessions And The New Trade Multilateralism: 2. The WTO and the changing state of the global economy Alexei Kireyev; 3. The art and science of negotiation: de-politicizing and technicizing negotiations Micheline Calmy-Rey and Svenja Rauch; 4. The accession of Kazakhstan: dealing with complexity Alexei Kireyev, Chiedu Osakwe and Anna Varyanik; 5. Helping businesses navigate WTO accession Arancha González; 6. WTO rules, accession protocols and mega-regionals – complementarity and governance in the rules-based global economy Maša Lekić and Chiedu Osakwe; 7. Promoting good governance: from encouraging a principle to taking concrete action – examples from WTO accession protocols and the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement Juneyoung Lee, Nora Neufeld and Anna Varyanik; 8. Transforming accessions data into knowledge Hubert Escaith, Chiedu Osakwe, Vicky Chemutai and Ying Yan; Part II. Negotiators' Perspectives On The WTO Accession Process: 9. Accession of Liberia: an agenda for transformation Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Axel Addy; 10. Afghanistan's accession: challenged by conflict Humayoon Rasaw; 11. The WTO accession of Seychelles: lessons from a small island economy Pierre Laporte, Charles Morin and Cillia Mangroo; 12. WTO accession negotiations from a negotiator's perspective Atsuyuki Oike; Part III. Accessions Acquis: Thematic Perspectives and Implementation Challenges: 13. How post-TRIPS negotiations reframe the 'trade-related aspects' of intellectual property after TRIPS: the lessons of WTO accessions Antony Taubman; 14. Competition policy in WTO accessions: filling in the blanks in the international trading system Robert D. Anderson, Anna Caroline Müller and Nivedita Sen; 15. Geographical indications in the accessions landscape Tatiana Yanguas Acosta; 16. WTO accession commitments on agriculture: lessons for WTO rule-making Diwakar Dixit; 17. The WTO-plus obligations: dual class or a strengthened system? Nannan Gao and Fangying Zheng; 18. Accession protocols and the private sector Josefita Pardo de León and Mariam Soumaré; 19. Post-accession support platform Maika Oshikawa; 20. Conclusion – trade multilateralism: enhancing flexibility, preserving the momentum Alexei Kireyev and Chiedu Osakwe.

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Book SynopsisInternational courts and tribunals differ in their institutional composition and functions, but a shared characteristic is their reliance on the contribution of individuals other than the judicial decision-makers themselves. Such ''unseen actors'' may take the form of registrars and legal officers, but also non-lawyers such as translators and scientific experts. Unseen actors are vital to the functioning of international adjudication, exerting varying levels of influence on judicial processes and outcomes. The opaqueness of their roles, combined with the significance of judicial decisions for the parties involved as well as a wider range of stakeholders, raises questions about unseen actors'' impact on the legitimacy of international dispute settlement. This book aims to answer such legitimacy questions and identify ''best practices'' through a multifaceted enquiry into common connections and patterns in the institutional composition and daily practice of international courts and tribuTrade Review'Professor Baetens has brought a fascinating new perspective to the study of international law, looking at the role of unseen actors in various areas. While unseen, these actors are certainly not unimportant for the effective functioning of their respective institutions, and the discharge of their duties benefits parties, States and the rule of law. This volume demonstrates how the many unseen actors contribute to making international adjudication efficient and effective, and is a fresh approach to the study of international adjudication.' Meg Kinnear, Secretary-General, International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes'Freya Baetens has put together a stellar collection of contributions highlighting the role of multiple actors involved in the work of international courts and tribunals. Some are visible, others are less visible. Some are directly involved in the litigation process, others are involved in a more indirect manner. This lifting of the stage curtains also places a welcome spotlight on issues concerning legitimacy, neutrality or transparency.' Laurence Boisson de Chazournes, University of Geneva, and Director of the LL.M. in International Dispute Settlement (MIDS)'This book not only has the merit of exploring areas of international adjudication to which little attention has been paid to date, it also brings together an impressive array of experiences, information and insights from leading practitioners and researchers on essential aspects of the functioning of international courts and tribunals. By shining a light on the 'unseen actors' in international adjudication, this work is a welcome and ground-breaking contribution to reflection on the role and responsibilities of these auxiliaires de justice in the sound administration of international justice.' Philippe Couvreur, Registrar, International Court Of Justice'Finally, the missing piece of the puzzle! There have been numerous books on international judges, prosecutors and the so-called international bar, but rarely has scholarship focused on the unexplored world of the people who keep the lights of international adjudication on. This is a must-read for anyone who wants to understand how international adjudication actually works, in reality.' Cesare Romano, Loyola University Chicago, Los Angeles'There are few works of international legal scholarship which shine the spotlight on the important 'hinterland' of international legal adjudication – namely, the work of registries, secretariats, appointing authorities and others, which both enables and shapes international adjudication in typically unseen ways. In this volume, an impressive range of experienced and expert authors is marshalled to do just that, and to provide their perspectives on the nature, significance and, indeed, legitimacy of the work of such professionals. This will be of great interest and value to those working on international tribunals across a range of disciplines.' Andrew Lang, Chair in International Law and Global Governance, University of Edinburgh'My advice to every practitioner of international law, to every advocate before an international tribunal, and to every State or private party to an international dispute is: read this book! Legitimacy of Unseen Actors in International Adjudication is a fascinating and well-researched study of how courts and tribunals actually function, the importance of court personnel and other behind-the-scenes actors, and the impacts they can have on outcomes. No international advocate, no matter how experienced, should step into court again without having read it.' Paul Reichler, Partner, Foley Hoag LLPTable of Contents1. Unseen actors in international courts and tribunals: challenging the legitimacy of international adjudication Freya Baetens; Part I. Institutional Perspectives: 2. The International Court of Justice Nathalie Wiles; 3. The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea Philippe Gautier; 4. International arbitral institutions Bridie Mcasey; 5. The World Trade Organization Daniel Baker and Gabrielle Marceau; 6. The International Criminal Court Philipp Ambach; 7. The European Court of Human Rights Peter Kempees and Ledi Bianku; 8. The Court of Justice of the European Union Caroline Heeren; Part II. Nomination and Appointment: 9. Gatekeeper secretariats Kathleen Claussen; 10. Appointing authorities: self-appointment, party appointment and non-appointment Peter Tzeng; 11. Before the law: assessing the process and impact of judicial screening bodies Brian Mcgarry and Josef Ostřanský; Part III. Case Management and Deference to the Bench: 12. The essence of adjudication: legitimacy of case managers in international arbitration Christine Sim; 13. Procedural reforms at the Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce: how to ensure that party autonomy will continue serving as a legitimization tool? Giacomo Marchisio; 14. Will an investment court be a better fact-finder? The case of expert evidence Matthew W. Swinehart; 15. Unseen and unsung: language services at the International Criminal Court and their impact on institutional legitimacy Leigh Swigart; 16. Rights and expertise: assessing the managerial approach of the Court of Justice of the European Union to conflict adjudication Marie-Catherine Petersmann; Part IV. Confidentiality and Transparency: 17. The politics of invisibility: why are international legal bureaucrats obscured from view? Tommaso Soave; 18. Unseen actors as unseen experts: ghosts in international adjudication Guillaume Yvan Jean Gros; 19. Arbitral institutions' response to perceived legitimacy deficits: promoting diversity, transparency and expedition in investor-state arbitration Ksenia Polonskaya; 20. Identifying the voices of unseen actors in investor-state dispute settlement Damien Charlotin; Part V. Ethics and Accountability: 21. Physicians' impact on the legitimacy of the International Criminal Court Giovanna Maria Frisso; 22. Screening powers in investment arbitration: questions of legal change and legitimacy Relja Radović; 23. Legitimacy and the role of legal officers in chambers at international and hybrid criminal courts and tribunals Marko Divac Öberg; 24. The référendaire as an unseen actor: a comparative look at the Court of Justice of the EU, the US Supreme Court and international arbitral tribunals Gillian Cahill; Part VI. External Influences and Activities: 25. 'Outside activities' and workload management: as unseen actors (and factors) in international adjudication Catherine H. Gibson; 26. The legitimacy of private lawyers representing states before international tribunals Andreas R. Ziegler and Kabre R. Jonathan; 27. Online reporters and databases: four narratives of their roles in investor-state dispute settlement Pietro Ortolani; 28. Bilateral committees in EU trade and investment agreements: platforms for the reassertion of state control over investor-state adjudication? Hannes Lenk.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the first comprehensive appraisal of the paradigm shift towards mandatory sustainability requirements in EU public procurement law. Traditionally, EU public procurement law focused on ‘how to buy’, dictating procedural rules so that public buyers in the Member States did not discriminate against suppliers and service providers from other Member States. Mandatory green and social requirements mean that, with a view to achieving sustainable development goals and mitigating climate change, the EU will limit this discretionary power for public buyers, pushing them to acquire more sustainable goods and services. Based on legal analysis informed by economic perspectives, the book aims to contribute to an understanding and critical discussion of the EU legislator’s move towards regulating ‘what to buy’. The book discusses the role of the Public Procurement Directives in relation to this paradigm shift, as well as various other sectoral legislative instruments that have been revamped or newly introduced in light of the European Green Deal. The paradigm shift is analysed from different perspectives, including subsidiarity, alternative regulation, economics and public purchasing. The book includes novel sectoral studies on transport, food, clothing, and construction, discussing how change is taking place and what its major challenges are for the future. Chapters on Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and more, offer case studies of Member States that have already introduced mandatory requirements and highlight lessons learnt. This is an essential book for professionals working with public procurement law in academia and practice, and to those engaged in achieving public policy objectives in light of climate change and social injustice.Table of ContentsPart 1: Foundations of the Paradigm Shift - Towards Mandatory Sustainability Requirements in EU Public Procurement 1. Shifting Towards Mandatory Sustainability Requirements in EU Public Procurement Law: Context, Relevance and a Typology, Willem Janssen (Utrecht University, the Netherlands) 2. Climate Change and Public Procurement: Are We Shifting the Legal Discourse? Marta Andhov (University of Copenhagen, Denmark) and Federica Muscaritoli (University of Copenhagen, Denmark) 3. Subsidiarity Lost Along the Way? EU Public Procurement Legislation on the Road to Sustainability, Ton van den Brink (Utrecht University, the Netherlands) 4. Mandatory Requirements in Sustainable Public Procurement: The Economic Perspective, Enrique Carreras (University of Turin, Italy) and Davide Vannoni (University of Torino, Italy) 5. Coercive, Mimetic and Normative Influences on the Uptake of Sustainable Public Procurement: An Institutional Perspective, Fredo Schotanus (Utrecht University, the Netherlands) and Ruben Nicolas (Utrecht University, the Netherlands) 6. Regulating the Producer Instead of the Procurer – The EU Sustainable Products Initiative and Extended Producer Responsibility as Ways to Foster the Transition to a Circular Economy, Chris Backes (Utrecht University, the Netherlands) and Marlon Boeve (Utrecht University, the Netherlands) Part 2: Sectoral Scrutiny – Mandatory Sustainability Requirements in Current and Future EU (Sectoral) Regulation 7. Charge of the Light Brigade? The Clean Vehicles Directive and the Batteries Regulation, Abby Semple (Greenville Procurement Partners, Ireland) 8. Food: Mandatory EU Public Procurement Criteria for Food after the Farm to Fork Strategy, Hanna Schebesta (Wageningen University, the Netherlands) and Maria José Plana Casado (Wageningen University, the Netherlands) 9. Textiles and Clothing: Mandatory Social Requirements as the Way Forward? Malgorzata Koszewska (Lodz University of Technology, Poland) and Jeanne Svensky Ligte (Lodz University of Technology, Poland) 10. Transforming the Construction Sector Through Minimum Requirements, Dorothy Gruyaert (KU Leuven, Belgium) and Veerle Pissierssens (Lawyer, Belgium) Part 3: Member State Experiences – Mandatory Sustainability Requirements on the Member State Level 11. Italy: Leading the Way Towards Mandatory Sustainable Public Procurement through Minimum Environmental Criteria, Guilia Botta (University of Milan, Italy) 12. The Netherlands: Obligations to Justify the Lowest Price and to Create as Much Societal Value as Possible, Paul Heijnsbroek (Straatman Koster, the Netherlands) 13. Spain: Transitioning Towards Sustainable Public Procurement Mandatory Requirements, Ximena Lazo Vitoria (University of Alcalá, Spain) Part 4: Future Perspectives – The Future of Sustainable Public Procurement 14. Mandatory Requirements in Public Procurement Law: The Role of Remedies, Courts and Public Interest Litigation, François Lichère (University of Jean Moulin Lyon 3, France) and Oriane Sulpice (University Lumière Lyon 2, France) 15. Collective Reflections on the Future of Mandatory Sustainable Public Procurement, Roberto Caranta (University of Turin, Italy) and Willem Janssen (Utrecht University, the Netherlands)

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