Public health and preventive medicine Books

Book SynopsisThe Experiment Must Continue is a beautifully articulated ethnographic history of medical experimentation in East Africa from 1940 through 2014. In it, Melissa Graboyes combines her training in public health and in history to treat her subject with the dual sensitivities of a medical ethicist and a fine historian.Trade Review“Graboyes’ arguments are critical for contemporary researchers who must understand how the ‘residue’ of each experiment alters the course of the next. … [Her] book, which does not presume knowledge of the history and ethnography of medical research in Africa, is written in engaging and jargon-free prose. …[It] is certain to prompt lively classroom discussions about global health, African medical research in colonial and postcolonial times, and the history of medicine.” * Journal of Interdisciplinary History *“[The Experiment Must Continue] will be of great interest to medical historians and anthropologists, East African historians, and global health researchers and bioethicists engaged in research in the Global South today … [The book] is to be applauded as a pathbreaking, engaging historical analysis of the practices, ethics, and implications of experimental medical research in one African postcolony.” * African Studies Review *“This is a remarkable contribution—scrupulously researched, innovatively organized, engagingly written, and passionately argued. To my knowledge, there is nothing published that can match the scope, temporal depth, or ethnographic finesse of this work. The manuscript is a superb example of how rigorous historical research opens up reflections on the unresolved ethical problems of contemporary global health research.”“Graboyes’s book reads like a mystery, elegantly weaving history, science, bioethics and public health into a compelling story. A profoundly important contribution to the challenges of conducting medical research in the developing world.”“Graboyes’ innovative approach pushes boundaries of conventional medical history, adds badly needed historical depth to ethnographies of medical research, and revitalizes bioethics thinking in an entertaining and accessible way. Her investigation of the ways medical research lingers in East Africa will contribute to historical and anthropological scholarship for years to come, and one hopes it will be read by ethicists and scientists as well.”“Graboyes has the gift of drawing the reader into small stories and then showing how these relate to wider practical and ethical dilemmas… [The Experiment Must Continue] has a strong central message and is beautifully crafted: a model of how to make the local stories come alive in a way that contributes to the painting of a much broader picture.” * Isis *“A beautiful ethnographic history of medical experiments in East Africa from the colonial period to the present. …Graboyes doesn’t just caution us to look to the past; she also persuades us to think about the future.” * Washington Post online *“With its grounded and spirited engagement with the practical ethics of research science, this book is a welcome contribution to the literature on the history and ethics of medical research.… [Graboyes] never allows the analysis to rest in the easy moral high ground of damning critique.…This is responsible and meaningful scholarship.” * Medical Anthropology Quarterly *

Read more less

Book SynopsisSituating sleeping sickness control within African intellectual worlds and political dynamics, Webel prioritizes local histories to understand the successes and failures of a widely used colonial public health intervention—the sleeping sickness camp—in dialogue with African strategies to mitigate illness and death in the past.Trade Review“Rather than examining sleeping sickness controls relational (or reactive) to colonial interventions, Weber instead puts Africans’ understandings of the problem, in all their complex diversity, at centre stage…. The result is a book which is both sensitive and remarkable. Setting the bar to new heights, this book does an excellent job of effectively decentralising the western historical narratives that so many of us have tacitly absorbed, and perpetuated, for so long.” * European Journal for the History of Medicine and Health *“Striking a deft balance between historical analysis and training historical attention to contemporary global health endeavors in Africa, Webel makes a substantial, original contribution to the history of science and medicine in Africa, the relationship between public health and politics in early colonial Africa, and African history more broadly.”“Reading Mari Webel’s history of sleeping sickness control in German colonial East Africa in a time of global pandemic feels disturbingly relevant.” * H-Net/H-Africa *

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this interdisciplinary collection, experts provide the most complete description to date of the often ignored and underappreciated features of the history of the multiple human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) responsible for the global AIDS pandemic.Trade Review“The most comprehensive account yet published of HIV’s emergence and dispersal across the African continent, this richly detailed, multidisciplinary collection traces the varied origins of the multiple strains of HIV. This superb book adds new understanding to the ecological, medical, and sexual contexts within which AIDS epidemics first developed.” -- Shane Doyle, professor of African history, University of LeedsThe Histories of HIVs sets the tone for how collaborative science can and should tackle the emergent pandemics of our time. In combining epidemiology, virology, history, and anthropology, the contributors demonstrate powerfully how the origin and spread of epidemics can be uncovered: causes must not be isolated to viral fragments moving between simians and humans but should instead encompass the social and cultural history of the people whose lives and illnesses generated this history. Required reading for anyone interested in epidemic disease. -- Catherine E. Bolten, author of Serious Youth in Sierra Leone: An Ethnography of Performance and Global Connection“The Histories of HIVs provides a balanced examination of the emergence of HIV viruses. This impressive volume, which combines historical epidemiology and anthropology with the main achievements of virology and immunology, contributes to our understanding of the ways some HIV viruses provoked epidemics or became pandemic. The Histories of HIVs is a brilliant achievement that is a pleasure to read.” -- Kalala Ngalamulume, coeditor of Medicine and Health in Africa: Multidisciplinary Perspectives"Compared to conclusions based solely on biomedical/molecular analyses, this multidisciplinary approach offers a perspective not readily available through conventional epidemiologic paradigms. Adding another layer to ongoing investigations of the many mysteries surrounding HIV/AIDS, this multiauthored text highlights multiple potential pathways of viral spillover and continued transmission. Schneider … has edited an informative, well-written book that will be of considerable interest to students of epidemiology, infectious diseases, and the history of medicine. Highly recommended. * Choice *“I particularly admire the authors’ collective ability to distill such a breadth of interdisciplinary, cutting-edge research into language that is accessible to newcomers to the field, including undergraduate students. The methodical approach, the ways authors refer back and forth to each other’s work, and their fair-minded treatment of various claims including those that lack evidentiary support, build steam…. [For the ] many readers who have legitimate worries about the integrity of scientific research and Western health interventions in African history … the way authors acknowledge those concerns and take the time to walk us through critique and countercritiques will be profoundly eye-opening and likely convincing.” * International Journal of African Historical Studies *[T]his book makes a convincing argument that any history of HIV must account for the fact that this virus emerged multiple times, in multiple geographic locations, and from two different types of primates. * Bulletin of the History of Medicine *

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this interdisciplinary collection, experts provide the most complete description to date of the often ignored and underappreciated features of the history of the multiple human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) responsible for the global AIDS pandemic.Trade Review“The most comprehensive account yet published of HIV’s emergence and dispersal across the African continent, this richly detailed, multidisciplinary collection traces the varied origins of the multiple strains of HIV. This superb book adds new understanding to the ecological, medical, and sexual contexts within which AIDS epidemics first developed.” -- Shane Doyle, professor of African history, University of LeedsThe Histories of HIVs sets the tone for how collaborative science can and should tackle the emergent pandemics of our time. In combining epidemiology, virology, history, and anthropology, the contributors demonstrate powerfully how the origin and spread of epidemics can be uncovered: causes must not be isolated to viral fragments moving between simians and humans but should instead encompass the social and cultural history of the people whose lives and illnesses generated this history. Required reading for anyone interested in epidemic disease. -- Catherine E. Bolten, author of Serious Youth in Sierra Leone: An Ethnography of Performance and Global Connection“The Histories of HIVs provides a balanced examination of the emergence of HIV viruses. This impressive volume, which combines historical epidemiology and anthropology with the main achievements of virology and immunology, contributes to our understanding of the ways some HIV viruses provoked epidemics or became pandemic. The Histories of HIVs is a brilliant achievement that is a pleasure to read.” -- Kalala Ngalamulume, coeditor of Medicine and Health in Africa: Multidisciplinary Perspectives"Compared to conclusions based solely on biomedical/molecular analyses, this multidisciplinary approach offers a perspective not readily available through conventional epidemiologic paradigms. Adding another layer to ongoing investigations of the many mysteries surrounding HIV/AIDS, this multiauthored text highlights multiple potential pathways of viral spillover and continued transmission. Schneider … has edited an informative, well-written book that will be of considerable interest to students of epidemiology, infectious diseases, and the history of medicine. Highly recommended. * Choice *“I particularly admire the authors’ collective ability to distill such a breadth of interdisciplinary, cutting-edge research into language that is accessible to newcomers to the field, including undergraduate students. The methodical approach, the ways authors refer back and forth to each other’s work, and their fair-minded treatment of various claims including those that lack evidentiary support, build steam…. [For the ] many readers who have legitimate worries about the integrity of scientific research and Western health interventions in African history … the way authors acknowledge those concerns and take the time to walk us through critique and countercritiques will be profoundly eye-opening and likely convincing.” * International Journal of African Historical Studies *[T]his book makes a convincing argument that any history of HIV must account for the fact that this virus emerged multiple times, in multiple geographic locations, and from two different types of primates. * Bulletin of the History of Medicine *

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis collection of first-person accounts by doctors, nurses, and others at the front lines in Appalachia explains how rural communities have responded to COVID-19, addresses stereotypical assumptions about and challenges within rural medical care, and describes burnout and other long-term effects of the pandemic on health-care workers.Trade Review“The ‘story’ of rural America during the COVID-19 pandemic is best examined by looking at the response of an underresourced and poorly designed system of care, providing care for a population most at risk for the pandemic.”

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis collection of first-person accounts by doctors, nurses, and others at the front lines in Appalachia explains how rural communities have responded to COVID-19, addresses stereotypical assumptions about and challenges within rural medical care, and describes burnout and other long-term effects of the pandemic on health-care workers.Trade Review“The ‘story’ of rural America during the COVID-19 pandemic is best examined by looking at the response of an underresourced and poorly designed system of care, providing care for a population most at risk for the pandemic.”

Read more less

Book SynopsisA history and theorization of the representation of public health concerns in commercial cinema and educational filmTrade Review“Cinematic Prophylaxis offers a very sophisticated and original interpretation of a fascinating topic: the emergence of the logic of contagion in world health ‘education’ practices and in U. S. mainstream cinema. Kirsten Ostherr links the discourse of contagion and public health with the development of cinema and the rise of visuality, problems of modernity, and the logic of conspiracy, ultimately tying all of these to the problem of globalization. Her argument is utterly original; I haven’t seen anything else like it.”—Melani McAlister, author of Epic Encounters: Culture, Media, and U. S. Interests in the Middle East since 1945“My copy of Cinematic Prophylaxis will quickly be well worn with use in teaching and research consultation. It is a valuable and much-needed contribution to the intersecting histories of U.S. cinema and public health.”—Lisa Cartwright, author of Screening the Body: Tracing Medicine’s Visual Culture“Cinematic Prophylaxis is a powerful and very timely exploration of new and familiar forms of media. . . .[A]n exciting and useful addition to syllabi in a variety of advanced undergraduate and graduate courses including those in medical anthropology, visual anthropology, film studies, history of medicine, science and technology studies, and critical public health.” -- Summer Wood * Visual Anthropology Review *Table of ContentsIllustrations ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction: Cinema and Hygiene 1 1. Public Sphere as Petri Dish; or, “Special Case Studies of Motion Picture Theaters which are Known or Suspected to be Foci of Moral Infection” 18 2. “Noninfected but Infectible”: Contagion and the Boundaries of the Visible 47 3. From Inner to Outer Space: World Health and the Postwar Alien Invasion Film 79 4. Conspiracy and Cartography: Mapping Globalization though Epidemiology 121 5. Indexical Digital: Representing Contagion in the Postphotographic Era 155 Conclusion 192 Notes 197 Bibliography 225 Filmography 249 Index 259

Read more less

Book SynopsisA collection exploring public health policies and implementation in Chinese regions of East Asia from the late nineteenth century to the present; many of the contributors are based in Taiwan.Trade Review“This volume, edited by Angela Ki Che Leung and Charlotte Furth, exemplifies the diverse social science approaches at work in the study of medical/health history. The book offers a fascinating investigation of the health and hygiene developments in twentieth-century Chinese East Asia, with insightful findings.” - Liping Bu, Social History of Medicine“[T]his book provides many solid case studies to examine the intersections between governments, culture and science. Anyone interested in the history of Chinese medicine, colonial medicine and public health in East Asia will find it helpful.” - Wen-Ching Sung, The China Review“This volume skillfully highlights the importance of a holistic view of medicine and an understanding of the ‘web of biological relationships’ between humans and the environment in managing and understanding disease and health (271).” - Tina Phillips Johnson, Journal of Interdisciplinary History“This timely and diverse volume brings together exemplary scholarship on the history of colonial medicine and public health in China and Taiwan from the late nineteenth century to the present. . . . [T]his invaluable volume commands not only the attention of East Asianists, but all scholars interested in the global circulations of scientific knowledge, medical technologies, and practices of governance.” - Leon Antonio Rocha, Journal of Asian Studies“This book should be of interest to scholars who want to see a more cosmopolitan approach to the history of medicine. . . . This book departs from earlier scholarship on public health in East Asia in two important aspects. First is the shift in focus to geographical regions that are far from the center of state power, such as Manchuria and the Pearl River delta, as well as the focus on the countryside rather than urban centers. Second, studying the embedded local practices and traditions and their interactions with international and transnational influences allow the authors to break out of the narrative based on imperialism or nation-building as the shaper of public health.” - Yüan-ling Chao, Bulletin of the History of Medicine“This collection of essays brings together in one volume cutting-edge scholarship on the history of hygiene and public health in East Asia, from the tenth century to the twenty-first. It willed be welcomed not only by researchers on the history of medicine but also by those interested in topics as diverse as imperialism, demography, diet, and gender studies.”—Carol Benedict, author of Bubonic Plague in Nineteenth-Century China“This imaginatively conceived volume sets the agenda for an entirely new history of public health. Moving deftly between the local and the global, Health and Hygiene in Chinese East Asia demonstrates that public health is best understood as a series of relationships rather than as a closed project in nation- or empire-building. As the contributors to this fine book show, there was more than one ‘China’ and certainly more than one ‘public health.’”—Mark Harrison, University of Oxford“[T]his book provides many solid case studies to examine the intersections between governments, culture and science. Anyone interested in the history of Chinese medicine, colonial medicine and public health in East Asia will find it helpful.” -- Wen-Ching Sung * China Review *“This book should be of interest to scholars who want to see a more cosmopolitan approach to the history of medicine. . . . This book departs from earlier scholarship on public health in East Asia in two important aspects. First is the shift in focus to geographical regions that are far from the center of state power, such as Manchuria and the Pearl River delta, as well as the focus on the countryside rather than urban centers. Second, studying the embedded local practices and traditions and their interactions with international and transnational influences allow the authors to break out of the narrative based on imperialism or nation-building as the shaper of public health.” -- Yüan-ling Chao * Bulletin of the History of Medicine *“This timely and diverse volume brings together exemplary scholarship on the history of colonial medicine and public health in China and Taiwan from the late nineteenth century to the present. . . . [T]his invaluable volume commands not only the attention of East Asianists, but all scholars interested in the global circulations of scientific knowledge, medical technologies, and practices of governance.” -- Leon Antonio Rocha * Journal of Asian Studies *“This volume skillfully highlights the importance of a holistic view of medicine and an understanding of the ‘web of biological relationships’ between humans and the environment in managing and understanding disease and health (271).” -- Tina Phillips * Johnson Journal of Interdisciplinary History *“This volume, edited by Angela Ki Che Leung and Charlotte Furth, exemplifies the diverse social science approaches at work in the study of medical/health history. The book offers a fascinating investigation of the health and hygiene developments in twentieth-century Chinese East Asia, with insightful findings.” -- Liping Bu * Social History of Medicine *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments vii Introduction: Hygienic Modernity in Chinese East Asia / Charlotte Furth 1 Part I. Tradition and Transition The Evolution of the Idea of Chuanran Contagion in Imperial China / Angela Ki Che Leung 25 The Treatment of Night Soil and Waste in Modern China / Yu Zinzhong 51 Sovereignty and the Microscope: Constituting Notifiable Infectious Disease and Containing the Manchurian Plague (1910–11) / Sean Hsiang-lin Lei 73 Part II. Colonial Health and Hygiene Eating Well in China: Diet and Hygiene in Nineteenth-Century Treaty Ports / Shang-Jen Li 109 Vampires in Plagueland: The Multiple Meanings of Weisheng in Manchuria / Ruth Rogaski 132 Have Someone Cut the Umbilical Cord: Women's Birthing Networks, Knowledge, and Skills in Colonial Taiwan / Wu Chia-Ling 160 Part III. Campaigns for Epidemic Control A Forgotten War: Malaria Eradication in Taiwan, 1905–65 / Lin Yi-ping and Liu Shiyung 183 The Elimination of Schistosomiasis in Jiaxing and Haining Counties, 1948–58: Public Health as Political Movement / Li Yushang 204 Conceptual Blind Spots, Media Blindfolds: The Case of SARS and Traditional Chines Medicine / Marta E. Hanson 228 Governing Germs from Outside and Within Borders: Controlling 2003 SARS Risk in Taiwan / Tseng Yen-fen and Wu Chia-Ling 255 Afterword: Biomedicine in Chinese East Asia: From Semicolonial to Postcolonial? / Warwick Anderson 273 Timeline 279 Glossary 283 Bibliography 287 Contributors 323 Index 327

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn Fevered Measures, John Mckiernan-González examines public health campaigns along the Texas-Mexico border between 1848 and 1942 and reveals the changing medical and political frameworks U.S. health authorities used when facing the threat of epidemic disease.Trade Review“Fevered Measures is an engaging and multi-layered historical narrative that underscores the centrality of public health to daily life, social relations and power dynamics along the TexasMexico border over one century. . . . What makes this story particularly compelling is that Mckiernan-González frames it with a compassionate and informed plea for greater awareness of Latina/o health disparities.” -- Alexandra Minna Stern * Global Public Health *"Fevered Measures remaps the border as a space in which ideas of race and nation take on new meanings in relation to the development of the state and science. The book serves as a superior model for analyzing and narrating the transnational flow of people, ideas, and policies."—Raúl A. Ramos, author of Beyond the Alamo: Forging Mexican Ethnicity in San Antonio, 1821–1861“Mckiernan-Gonzalez . . . adds substantially to the large literature on the history of public health, particularly its role in controlling immigration into the United States.” -- Stephen J. Kunitz * American Historical Review *"In Fevered Measures, through dramatic case studies, John Mckiernan-González brings exciting new insights to the intersection of state formation, racial formations, and medical discourse. Using archives on both sides of the border, he complicates our analysis of federal and local dynamics, earning a place among the best of the new borderlands historians."—Sarah Deutsch, author of No Separate Refuge: Culture, Class, and Gender on an Anglo-Hispanic Frontier in the American Southwest, 1880–1940“Mckeirnan-González provides a sophisticated and fine-grained analysis of the work of overzealous public health officials on the border, but he also places these efforts in a global imperial context.” -- Elliott Young * Journal of American History *“Fevered Measures is a wonderful and significant contribution to Latina/o studies, medical history, and borderlands history.” -- Mark Allan Goldberg * Pacific Historical Review *“Fevered Measures gives us a penetrating view of the intersections between race and public health policies, bringing new insights to the history of both the borderlands and US public health. It will be valuable to students and researchers in Chicano/Latino studies, in social sciences and humanities. Appealing also to a broader audience, this welcome book contributes significantly to the current debates about Latinos and American public health. . . .” -- Ana I. Ugarte * Latino Studies *Table of ContentsNotes on Labeling Places, Peoples, and Diseases ix Introduction 1 1. From the U.S.-Mexican War to the Mexican-Texas Epidemic: Fevers, Race, and the Making of a Medical Border 18 2. The Promise of Progress: Quarantines and the Medical Fusion of Race and Nation, 1890-1895 59 3. The Appearance of Progress: Black Labor, Smallpox, and the Body Politics of Transnational American Citizenship, 1895 78 4. The Power of Progress: Laredo and the Limits of Federal Quarantines, 1898-1903 123 5. Domestic Tensions at an American Crossroads: Bordering on Gender, Labor, and Typhus Control, 1910-1920 165 6. Bodies of Evidence: Vaccination and the Body Politics of Transnational Mexican Citizenship, 1910-1920 198 7. Between Border Quarantine and the Texas-Mexico Border: Race, Citizenship, and National Identities, 1920-1942 236 Epilogue. Moving between the Border Quarantine and the Texas-Mexico Borderlands 274 Acknowledgments 285 Notes 289 Bibliography 363 Index 403

Read more less

Book SynopsisFocused on Botswana's only dedicated oncology ward, Improvising Medicine renders the experiences of patients, their relatives, and clinical staff during a cancer epidemic.Trade Review“Improvising Medicine is a luminous book by a highly respected Africanist whose work creatively bridges anthropology and history. A product of intense listening and observation, deep care, and superb analytical work, it will become a canonical ethnography of medicine in the global south and will have a big impact across the social sciences and medical humanities.”—João Biehl, author of Will to Live: AIDS Therapies and the Politics of Survival and Vita: Life in a Zone of Social Abandonment"Improvising Medicine is as good as it gets. It is a book that will be read for decades to come. I have always thought that great ethnography transcends the specificities of time and place, of the particular, to offer a glimpse of the universal. This gripping book does just that, and the subtle and grounded way that it speaks to global health and debates in medical anthropology makes it a major addition to both fields."—Vinh-Kim Nguyen, M.D., author of The Republic of Therapy: Triage and Sovereignty in West Africa's Time of AIDS“This book will find a ready readership among Africanists and medical anthropologists. I envision its wider use in g'lobal health' courses, where it will challenge aspiring health workers accustomed to locating hope for medical development in scalable technical interventions... Cancer care, Livingston shows us—like medicine, like development—often requires starting over, usually entails improvisation, and always calls for hard labor by particular individuals in the face of destructive political and economic forces. Improvising Medicine reminds us effectively, sometimes devastatingly, how intractably human this thing called 'health care' is.” -- Claire Wendland * American Ethnologist *“This is an excellent ethnography that should (and undoubtedly will) be read and taught by anthropologists, historians, science studies scholars, and interdisciplinary scholars of Africa…. students and practitioners of global health should be reading Improvising Medicine, in which African cancer is made visible and the clinical science of oncology is never divorced from the moral labor and political conditions of care.” -- Johanna Crane * African Studies Review *“Improvising Medicine is best suited to those who are interested in global health or who provide medical care across cultures. While its primary subject is cancer, the points the author makes regarding the view of medical care priorities in resource-poor countries, as well as the culture-dependent experience of disease, are well taken and can be applied to work in other areas of the world.” -- Holly Salzman * Family Medicine *“In Improvising Medicine, Julie Livingston presents a vivid ethnography of cancer management in an African hospital ward...This book is rich in textual and visual data and is theoretically well informed. It is a model of ethnographic work and an excellent monograph in global medicine and health systems research.” -- Benson Mulemi * Social History of Medicine *“Although this scholarly work explores a harsh and distressing reality, it is well written, with a warmth and compassion that will make it accessible and appealing to a broad readership… This book will have a direct and sustained impact across fields of social sciences and medical humanities – as it can provide an important perspective often lacking within the paternalistic global health debates.” -- Karen Barnes * Journal of Southern African Studies *“Improvising Medicine is an exquisite ethnography, replete with both specific, richly observed encounters at a cancer ward in Botswana and broader, urgent arguments for anthropology and global health. . . . Drawing on beautifully rendered ethnographic evidence, Improvising Medicine tells a compelling story that is relevant for anthropology and beyond.” -- Anne Pollock * Journal of Anthropological Research *“That Improvising Medicine is at times difficult to read is a testament to Livingston’s observational and storytelling skills, her ability to allow us to imagine what it might feel like to be a patient, caregiver, nurse, or doctor in an African hospital. This is a remarkable book that deserves and will surely attract a wide readership.” -- Neil Kodesh * Journal of African History *"Improvising Medicine is a brilliant and groundbreaking hospital ethnography, one that grips the reader with its narratives of an institution characterized by constant precarity, where supplies, medications, procedures, and staff are never assured.... Improvising Medicine should interest diverse audiences. These include medical anthropologists, sociologists, social historians of Africa, public health specialists, and scholars across disciplines with interest in the cultures and practices of biomedicine, the morality of care, and the comparative analysis of medical ethics." -- Carolyn Sargent * Medical Anthropology Quarterly *Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgments xiii 1. The Other Cancer Ward 1 2. Neoplastic Africa: Mapping Circuits of Toxicity and Knowledge 29 3. Creating and Embedding Cancer in Botswana's Oncology Ward 52 Interlude. Amputation Day at Princess Marina Hospital 85 4. The Moral Intimacies of Care 93 5. Pain and Laughter 119 6. After ARVs, During Cancer, Before Death 152 Epilogue. Changing Wards, Further Improvisations 174 Notes 183 Bibliography 205 Index 221

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn Para-States and Medical Science, P. Wenzel Geissler and the contributors examine how medicine and public health in Africa have been transformed as a result of economic and political liberalization and globalization, intertwined with epidemiological and technological changes. The resulting fragmented medical science landscape is shaped and sustained by transnational flows of expertise and resources. NGOs, universities, pharmaceutical companies and other nonstate actors now play a significant role in medical research and treatment. But as the contributors to this volume argue, these groups have not supplanted the primacy of the nation-state in Africa. Although not necessarily stable or responsive, national governments remain crucial in medical care, both as employers of health care professionals and as sources of regulation, access, and – albeit sometimes counterintuitively - trust for their people. “The state” has morphed into the “para-state&rdquoTrade Review“Para-States and Medical Science is an exceptional and engaging book that will be of interest to anthropologists, Africanists and historians as well as those interested in science and technology, post-colonial and development studies.” -- Mary-Anne Decatur * Anthropology Book Forum *"Individual chapters focus specifically on processes of medical research, not health care delivery, but in so doing provide an often overlooked perspective on the types of medical work undertaken in Africa.... Summing up: Recommended." -- M. M. Heaton * Choice *"I highly recommend this volume for anyone interested in the social relations of biomedicine, and particularly biomedical research, in Africa. As an interdisciplinary anthropologist who works on this topic, I found the book’s provocation to pay attention to the persistence of the African state extremely useful—suddenly, I am seeing the state in places in my work that I had formerly overlooked. I also appreciated this volume’s empirical documentation of the numerous ways in which, despite persistent inequalities, African actors—states, institutions, and individuals—shape global health partnerships and the knowledge they produce." -- Johanna Crane * Medical Anthropology Quarterly *"Para-States and Medical Science is an impressive volume and a welcome addition to work on critical global health in Africa. The collection provides a much needed re-reading of contemporary biopolitical regimes in Africa, which neither fit old models of biopower nor conform to neoliberal forms found elsewhere. ... this work makes an original and innovative contribution to scholarship on the shifting relations between state, public, private and corporate interests in health care in Africa, and makes inroads for anthropologists, historians and STS scholars to move beyond standard narratives of 'development' and 'neoliberalism' in African contexts." -- Michelle Pentecost * New Genetics and Society *"The volume should become mandatory reading for scholars and students interested in the new configurations and possibilities that emerge on the African continent in the context of medical globalization, and which demonstrate (once more) that rigid distinctions between the global, national and local, public and private, state and non-state have become untenable, if not useless." -- Hansjörg Dilger * Africa *Table of ContentsIntroduction: A Life Science in Its African Para-State / P. Wenzel Geissler 1 Part I: Rupture, Continuity 1. Treating to Prevent HIV: Population Trials and Experimental Societies / Vinh-Kim Nguyen 47 2. Trialing Drugs, Creating Publics: Medical Research, Leprosy Control, and the Construction of a Public Health Sphere in Post-1945 Nigeria / John Manton 78 Part II: Pasts, Futures 3. Lessons in Medical Nihilism: Virus Hunters, Neoliberalism, and the AIDs Crisis in Cameroon / Guillaume Lachenal 103 4. What Future Remains? Remembering an African Place of Science / P. Wenzel Geissler 142 Part III: State Remains 6. International Health and the Proliferation of "Partnerships": (Un)Intended Boost for State Institutions in Tanzania? / Rene Gerrets 179 6. Working and Surviving: Government Employees on ART in Uganda / Susan Reynolds Whyte 207 Part IV: Affective Wholes 7. Molecular and Municipal Politics: Research and Regulation in Dakar / Branwyn Poleykett 237 8. The Work of the Virus: Cutting and Creating Relations in an ART Project / Lotte Meinert 257 Part V: Struggling Nation 9. The Blue Warriors: Ecology, Participation, and Public Health in Malaria Control Experiments / Ulrike Beisel 281 10. The Territory of Medical Research: Experimentation in Africa's Smallest State / Ann H. Kelly 303 11. Adventures of African Nevirapine: The Political Biography of a Magic Bullet / Didier Fassin 333 Contributors 355 Index 357

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade Review“Para-States and Medical Science is an exceptional and engaging book that will be of interest to anthropologists, Africanists and historians as well as those interested in science and technology, post-colonial and development studies.” -- Mary-Anne Decatur * Anthropology Book Forum *"Individual chapters focus specifically on processes of medical research, not health care delivery, but in so doing provide an often overlooked perspective on the types of medical work undertaken in Africa.... Summing up: Recommended." -- M. M. Heaton * Choice *"I highly recommend this volume for anyone interested in the social relations of biomedicine, and particularly biomedical research, in Africa. As an interdisciplinary anthropologist who works on this topic, I found the book’s provocation to pay attention to the persistence of the African state extremely useful—suddenly, I am seeing the state in places in my work that I had formerly overlooked. I also appreciated this volume’s empirical documentation of the numerous ways in which, despite persistent inequalities, African actors—states, institutions, and individuals—shape global health partnerships and the knowledge they produce." -- Johanna Crane * Medical Anthropology Quarterly *"Para-States and Medical Science is an impressive volume and a welcome addition to work on critical global health in Africa. The collection provides a much needed re-reading of contemporary biopolitical regimes in Africa, which neither fit old models of biopower nor conform to neoliberal forms found elsewhere. ... this work makes an original and innovative contribution to scholarship on the shifting relations between state, public, private and corporate interests in health care in Africa, and makes inroads for anthropologists, historians and STS scholars to move beyond standard narratives of 'development' and 'neoliberalism' in African contexts." -- Michelle Pentecost * New Genetics and Society *"The volume should become mandatory reading for scholars and students interested in the new configurations and possibilities that emerge on the African continent in the context of medical globalization, and which demonstrate (once more) that rigid distinctions between the global, national and local, public and private, state and non-state have become untenable, if not useless." -- Hansjörg Dilger * Africa *Table of ContentsIntroduction: A Life Science in Its African Para-State / P. Wenzel Geissler 1 Part I: Rupture, Continuity 1. Treating to Prevent HIV: Population Trials and Experimental Societies / Vinh-Kim Nguyen 47 2. Trialing Drugs, Creating Publics: Medical Research, Leprosy Control, and the Construction of a Public Health Sphere in Post-1945 Nigeria / John Manton 78 Part II: Pasts, Futures 3. Lessons in Medical Nihilism: Virus Hunters, Neoliberalism, and the AIDs Crisis in Cameroon / Guillaume Lachenal 103 4. What Future Remains? Remembering an African Place of Science / P. Wenzel Geissler 142 Part III: State Remains 6. International Health and the Proliferation of "Partnerships": (Un)Intended Boost for State Institutions in Tanzania? / Rene Gerrets 179 6. Working and Surviving: Government Employees on ART in Uganda / Susan Reynolds Whyte 207 Part IV: Affective Wholes 7. Molecular and Municipal Politics: Research and Regulation in Dakar / Branwyn Poleykett 237 8. The Work of the Virus: Cutting and Creating Relations in an ART Project / Lotte Meinert 257 Part V: Struggling Nation 9. The Blue Warriors: Ecology, Participation, and Public Health in Malaria Control Experiments / Ulrike Beisel 281 10. The Territory of Medical Research: Experimentation in Africa's Smallest State / Ann H. Kelly 303 11. Adventures of African Nevirapine: The Political Biography of a Magic Bullet / Didier Fassin 333 Contributors 355 Index 357

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis ethnography shows how the struggle to practice clinical medicine in a resource-strapped public hospital in Papua New Guinea is complicated by the attempts of doctors, nurses, and patients to make themselves visible to others—kin, clinical experts, global scientists, politicians, and international development workers—as socially recognizable and valuable persons.Trade Review"Street’s work is a welcome intervention that nuances our understandings of personhood, materiality and the everyday workings of biomedicine in a postcolonial context. A clear and articulate ethnography, Biomedicine in an Unstable Place will be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students, as well as professionals in the fields of medical anthropology, science and technology studies, history of medicine and global health." -- Gabriela Elisa Morales * Social Anthropology *“Scholars of Papua New Guinea and Melanesia will naturally welcome this extraordinary book. It should also be read by those with an interest in ontology, post-colonial science, the anthropology of infrastructure, and the anthropology of the state." -- Barbara Andersen * Anthropological Quarterly *“This valuable ethnography will interest anthropologists of biomedicine, scholars of Melanesia, and the many social scientists and students involved in global health. It helps readers move beyond global/local, universal/particular binaries to understand how biomedicine functions in a world full of unstable places.” -- Claire L. Wendland * Journal of Anthropological Research *“Biomedicine in an Unstable Place is an important text of impressive quality. The volume makes a valuable contribution to Melanesian studies, medical anthropology, and postcolonial studies. More importantly, as Street notes in her introduction, most of the world’s people now encounter biomedicine in ‘peripheral institutions’ like Madang Hospital; more attention to the forces at work in such places is warranted.” -- Courtney Addison * Medicine Anthropology Theory *“Street’s contribution to medical anthropology and science and technology studies lies in her skilful analysis of the multiplicity of hospital spaces. She offers one of the finest examples of how to write hospital ethnography by articulating spatial and temporal frictions, overlaps and shifts in medical knowledge and practice. By contextualising the contradictions and paradoxes running through public health development in a poor part of the world, Street is able to provide crucial insight into people’s hopes and disappointments as they are invested in biomedical care. Biomedicine in an Unstable Place is not only instructive for anthropologists interested in the improvised nature of medicine and care in contexts of economic scarcity but also for public health workers and development aid providers who work or are planning to work in Papua New Guinea.” -- Bo Kyeong Seo * The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology *"Anyone interested in understanding the challenges faced by public hospitals will profit from the incisive, empathic, and compelling insights of this superb study." -- John Barker * Pacific Affairs *"This excellent book is a compelling and often moving ethnography. It makes an original contribution to medical anthropology and the anthropology of the state, institutions, and infrastructure. Biomedicine in an Unstable Place also advances the anthropological study of personhood, Christianity, race, and class. The elegance of Street’s prose together with her satisfying and succinct analysis of so many complex and urgent issues will make Biomedicine in an Unstable Place an outstanding teaching resource." -- John Cox * American Anthropologist *"Biomedicine in an Unstable Place is fresh, nuanced, and well written; it reinvigorates the hospital as a crucial research site. It is written with a keen eye toward continuities and transformations over space and time." -- Cristina T. Bejarano * American Ethnologist *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Prologue 1 Part I. Place 1. Making a Place for Biomedicine 11 2. Locating Disease 39 3. Public Buildings, Building Publics 59 Part II. Technology 4. Doctors without Diagnosis 89 5. The Waiting Place 115 6. Technologies of Detachment 143 Part III. Infrastructure 7. The Partnership Hospital 169 8. Research in the Clinic 194 Conclusion: Biomedicine in a Fragile State 223 Notes 237 Bibliography 261 Index 281

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis ethnography shows how the struggle to practice clinical medicine in a resource-strapped public hospital in Papua New Guinea is complicated by the attempts of doctors, nurses, and patients to make themselves visible to others—kin, clinical experts, global scientists, politicians, and international development workers—as socially recognizable and valuable persons.Trade Review"Street’s work is a welcome intervention that nuances our understandings of personhood, materiality and the everyday workings of biomedicine in a postcolonial context. A clear and articulate ethnography, Biomedicine in an Unstable Place will be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students, as well as professionals in the fields of medical anthropology, science and technology studies, history of medicine and global health." -- Gabriela Elisa Morales * Social Anthropology *“Scholars of Papua New Guinea and Melanesia will naturally welcome this extraordinary book. It should also be read by those with an interest in ontology, post-colonial science, the anthropology of infrastructure, and the anthropology of the state." -- Barbara Andersen * Anthropological Quarterly *“This valuable ethnography will interest anthropologists of biomedicine, scholars of Melanesia, and the many social scientists and students involved in global health. It helps readers move beyond global/local, universal/particular binaries to understand how biomedicine functions in a world full of unstable places.” -- Claire L. Wendland * Journal of Anthropological Research *“Biomedicine in an Unstable Place is an important text of impressive quality. The volume makes a valuable contribution to Melanesian studies, medical anthropology, and postcolonial studies. More importantly, as Street notes in her introduction, most of the world’s people now encounter biomedicine in ‘peripheral institutions’ like Madang Hospital; more attention to the forces at work in such places is warranted.” -- Courtney Addison * Medicine Anthropology Theory *“Street’s contribution to medical anthropology and science and technology studies lies in her skilful analysis of the multiplicity of hospital spaces. She offers one of the finest examples of how to write hospital ethnography by articulating spatial and temporal frictions, overlaps and shifts in medical knowledge and practice. By contextualising the contradictions and paradoxes running through public health development in a poor part of the world, Street is able to provide crucial insight into people’s hopes and disappointments as they are invested in biomedical care. Biomedicine in an Unstable Place is not only instructive for anthropologists interested in the improvised nature of medicine and care in contexts of economic scarcity but also for public health workers and development aid providers who work or are planning to work in Papua New Guinea.” -- Bo Kyeong Seo * The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology *"Anyone interested in understanding the challenges faced by public hospitals will profit from the incisive, empathic, and compelling insights of this superb study." -- John Barker * Pacific Affairs *"This excellent book is a compelling and often moving ethnography. It makes an original contribution to medical anthropology and the anthropology of the state, institutions, and infrastructure. Biomedicine in an Unstable Place also advances the anthropological study of personhood, Christianity, race, and class. The elegance of Street’s prose together with her satisfying and succinct analysis of so many complex and urgent issues will make Biomedicine in an Unstable Place an outstanding teaching resource." -- John Cox * American Anthropologist *"Biomedicine in an Unstable Place is fresh, nuanced, and well written; it reinvigorates the hospital as a crucial research site. It is written with a keen eye toward continuities and transformations over space and time." -- Cristina T. Bejarano * American Ethnologist *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Prologue 1 Part I. Place 1. Making a Place for Biomedicine 11 2. Locating Disease 39 3. Public Buildings, Building Publics 59 Part II. Technology 4. Doctors without Diagnosis 89 5. The Waiting Place 115 6. Technologies of Detachment 143 Part III. Infrastructure 7. The Partnership Hospital 169 8. Research in the Clinic 194 Conclusion: Biomedicine in a Fragile State 223 Notes 237 Bibliography 261 Index 281

Read more less

Book SynopsisDuring the first decade of this millennium, many thousands of people in Uganda who otherwise would have died from AIDS got second chances at life. The essays in Second Chances draw on personal accounts and a broad knowledge of Ugandan culture and history to explore antiretroviral therapy from the perspective of those people.Trade Review“The stories are compelling, and the analytical chapters do a good job connecting contemporary developments with the existing anthropology of HIV/AIDS…. Recommended.” -- M. M. Heaton * Choice *“Second Chances is recommended reading for anyone interested in the experiences of people with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. This is also a good book for anyone who is thinking about health systems. One of Whyte’s points that I found particularly important is that people do not simply access treatment, but achieve it.” -- Anita Chary * Global Health Hub *“This is a unique study because it focuses on individuals and how disease and health care affects them. It provides a glimpse at a culture that is rarely covered, as well. Academic libraries supporting social sciences and health sciences programs will want to add this fascinating look at HIV/AIDS from a singular perspective to their collections." -- Barbara Bibel * Library Journal *“Readers familiar with the work of Susan Reynolds Whyte and her colleagues will not be disappointed in this compelling book. In the end, the lesson of Second Chances is that reliance on ‘contingent sociality’ means that not everyone who needs ARTs can get them. The chance for a second chance, therefore, is inherently fragile and unequal. Reynolds Whyte and colleagues offer no solutions, but the moving stories of survival and striving for both a living and a life remind us of the work that remains” -- Janet W. McGrath * Medical Anthropology Quarterly *"Second Chances is an excellent source of health narratives about negotiating HIV status in Uganda. Second Chances will naturally interest anthropologists of East Africa, HIV and biosociality." -- Jason Johnson Peretz * Somatosphere *"Second Chances offers a rigorous and vivid look at the first generation of Ugandans with AIDS to have relatively wide access to antiretroviral therapy . . . . The book is a compelling chronicle of the terms of this 'life sentence'." -- Tyler Zoanni * Social Anthropology *Table of ContentsPolygraphy vii Introduction. The First Generation 1 Case I. Robinah and Joyce: The Connecting Sisters 25 1. Connections 34 Case II. Saddam: Treatment Programs 47 2. Clientship 56 Case III. Suzan: The Necessity of Travel 71 3. Mobility 80 Case IV. MamaGirl & MamaBoy: Family Matters 95 4. Families 104 Case V. Alice: Keeping a Good Man 119 5. Partners 128 Case VI. Jackie: Children without Grandparents 143 6. Children 152 Case VII. John: Working Contingencies 167 7. Work 176 Case VIII. Hassan: Soft Food and Town Life 191 8. Food 200 Case IX. Jolly: Appearances and Numbers 215 9. Bodies 223 Case X. Rachel: Buckets of Medicine 237 10. Medicine 245 Case XI. Dominic: A Multitude of Adversities 259 11. Life 268 Acknowledgments 285 Bibliography 287 Contributors 299 Index 301

Read more less

Book SynopsisDuring the first decade of this millennium, many thousands of people in Uganda who otherwise would have died from AIDS got second chances at life. The essays in Second Chances draw on personal accounts and a broad knowledge of Ugandan culture and history to explore antiretroviral therapy from the perspective of those people.Trade Review“The stories are compelling, and the analytical chapters do a good job connecting contemporary developments with the existing anthropology of HIV/AIDS…. Recommended.” -- M. M. Heaton * Choice *“Second Chances is recommended reading for anyone interested in the experiences of people with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. This is also a good book for anyone who is thinking about health systems. One of Whyte’s points that I found particularly important is that people do not simply access treatment, but achieve it.” -- Anita Chary * Global Health Hub *“This is a unique study because it focuses on individuals and how disease and health care affects them. It provides a glimpse at a culture that is rarely covered, as well. Academic libraries supporting social sciences and health sciences programs will want to add this fascinating look at HIV/AIDS from a singular perspective to their collections." -- Barbara Bibel * Library Journal *“Readers familiar with the work of Susan Reynolds Whyte and her colleagues will not be disappointed in this compelling book. In the end, the lesson of Second Chances is that reliance on ‘contingent sociality’ means that not everyone who needs ARTs can get them. The chance for a second chance, therefore, is inherently fragile and unequal. Reynolds Whyte and colleagues offer no solutions, but the moving stories of survival and striving for both a living and a life remind us of the work that remains” -- Janet W. McGrath * Medical Anthropology Quarterly *"Second Chances is an excellent source of health narratives about negotiating HIV status in Uganda. Second Chances will naturally interest anthropologists of East Africa, HIV and biosociality." -- Jason Johnson Peretz * Somatosphere *"Second Chances offers a rigorous and vivid look at the first generation of Ugandans with AIDS to have relatively wide access to antiretroviral therapy . . . . The book is a compelling chronicle of the terms of this 'life sentence'." -- Tyler Zoanni * Social Anthropology *Table of ContentsPolygraphy vii Introduction. The First Generation 1 Case I. Robinah and Joyce: The Connecting Sisters 25 1. Connections 34 Case II. Saddam: Treatment Programs 47 2. Clientship 56 Case III. Suzan: The Necessity of Travel 71 3. Mobility 80 Case IV. MamaGirl & MamaBoy: Family Matters 95 4. Families 104 Case V. Alice: Keeping a Good Man 119 5. Partners 128 Case VI. Jackie: Children without Grandparents 143 6. Children 152 Case VII. John: Working Contingencies 167 7. Work 176 Case VIII. Hassan: Soft Food and Town Life 191 8. Food 200 Case IX. Jolly: Appearances and Numbers 215 9. Bodies 223 Case X. Rachel: Buckets of Medicine 237 10. Medicine 245 Case XI. Dominic: A Multitude of Adversities 259 11. Life 268 Acknowledgments 285 Bibliography 287 Contributors 299 Index 301

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe contributors to Metrics use ethnographic evidence from around the globe to evaluate the accomplishments, limits, and the consequences of applying metrics to global health. Now the standard in measuring global health program success, metrics has far implications that extend beyond patients to the political and financial realms. Trade Review"[T]his volume is insightful, engaging and impressive. . . . I highly recommend this enlightening and ethnographically rich book. It is a must read for both medical anthropologists and global health practitioners, and would make an excellent addition to the reading list for graduate classes in medical anthropology or global health." -- Lauren Wallace * Anthropology Book Forum *"[T]his volume will hopefully help stimulate policymakers and researchers to think seriously about whether playing the numbers game is sufficient, either for patients or their clinicians." -- Thomas Christie Williams * LSE Review of Books *"Metrics is a thoughtful book that powerfully maps some of the problems that accompany the effort to ground GH in metrics. It is obligatory reading for anyone trying to understand contemporary world health." -- Tobias Rees * Bulletin of the History of Medicine *"Metrics offers a lucid, revealing, and sometimes unnerving tour of global health’s quantitative terrain. Its authors take pains to emphasize that they are not opposed to measurement. Rather, they argue for the need to recognize the limits of numbers and the continuing significance of other forms of knowing. From the perspective of medical anthropology this is a vital book." -- Peter Redfield * Medical Anthropology Quarterly *"Adams’ edited book makes a crucial contribution not only to those debates but also to the anthropology and sociology of evidence and measurement and to the social studies of science and medical humanities. Quite importantly, Metrics opens up a new field of inquiry and prompts us to think about how other kinds of metrics and ‘storied numbers’ are produced, experienced and valued and how they could be (re)imagined in the future." -- Angela Marques Filipe * Sociology of Health & Illness *"Taken together, this volume offers a useful primer on the role of metrics in shaping the work of global health actors at the macro, meso, and micro levels. The individual case studies offer theoretically and empirically rich examples that would be useful for scholars working in this area and for inclusion in an upper-level undergraduate class." -- J. Lynn Gazley * Contemporary Sociology *“Metrics is a call to preserve the spaces and experiences that exceed numerical data and counting, and to remain committed to methods and representations that might amplify them.... Metrics is crucial reading for those who eschew and embrace numbers alike.” -- Cal Biruk * PoLAR *Table of ContentsIntroduction / Vincanne Adams 1 1. Metrics of the Global Sovereign: Numbers and Stories in Global Health / Vincanne Adams 19 Part I. Getting Good Numbers 2. Estimating Death: A Close Reading of Maternal Mortality Metrics in Malawi / Claire L. Wendland 57 3. The Obligation ot Count: The Politics of Monitoring Maternal Mortality in Nigeria / Adeola Oni-Orisan 82 Part II. Metrics Politics 4. The Power of Data: Global Malaria Governance and the Senegalese Data Retention Strike / Marlee Tichenor 105 5. Native Sovereignty by the Numbers: The Metrics of Yup'ik Behavioral Health Programs / Molly Hales 125 Part III. Metrics Economics 6. Metrics and Market Logics of Global Health / Susan Erikson 147 7. When Good Works Count / Lily Walkover 163 Part IV. Storied Metrics 8. When Numbers and Stories Collide: Randomized Controlled Trials and the Search for Ethnographic Fidelity in the Veterans Administration / Carolyn Smith-Morris 181 9. The Tyranny of the Widget: An American Medical Aid Organization's Struggles with Quantification / Pierre Minn 203 Epilogue: What Counts in Good Global Health? / Vincanne Adams 225 References 231 Contributors 253 Index 255

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe contributors to Metrics use ethnographic evidence from around the globe to evaluate the accomplishments, limits, and the consequences of applying metrics to global health. Now the standard in measuring global health program success, metrics has far implications that extend beyond patients to the political and financial realms. Trade Review"[T]his volume is insightful, engaging and impressive. . . . I highly recommend this enlightening and ethnographically rich book. It is a must read for both medical anthropologists and global health practitioners, and would make an excellent addition to the reading list for graduate classes in medical anthropology or global health." -- Lauren Wallace * Anthropology Book Forum *"[T]his volume will hopefully help stimulate policymakers and researchers to think seriously about whether playing the numbers game is sufficient, either for patients or their clinicians." -- Thomas Christie Williams * LSE Review of Books *"Metrics is a thoughtful book that powerfully maps some of the problems that accompany the effort to ground GH in metrics. It is obligatory reading for anyone trying to understand contemporary world health." -- Tobias Rees * Bulletin of the History of Medicine *"Metrics offers a lucid, revealing, and sometimes unnerving tour of global health’s quantitative terrain. Its authors take pains to emphasize that they are not opposed to measurement. Rather, they argue for the need to recognize the limits of numbers and the continuing significance of other forms of knowing. From the perspective of medical anthropology this is a vital book." -- Peter Redfield * Medical Anthropology Quarterly *"Adams’ edited book makes a crucial contribution not only to those debates but also to the anthropology and sociology of evidence and measurement and to the social studies of science and medical humanities. Quite importantly, Metrics opens up a new field of inquiry and prompts us to think about how other kinds of metrics and ‘storied numbers’ are produced, experienced and valued and how they could be (re)imagined in the future." -- Angela Marques Filipe * Sociology of Health & Illness *"Taken together, this volume offers a useful primer on the role of metrics in shaping the work of global health actors at the macro, meso, and micro levels. The individual case studies offer theoretically and empirically rich examples that would be useful for scholars working in this area and for inclusion in an upper-level undergraduate class." -- J. Lynn Gazley * Contemporary Sociology *“Metrics is a call to preserve the spaces and experiences that exceed numerical data and counting, and to remain committed to methods and representations that might amplify them.... Metrics is crucial reading for those who eschew and embrace numbers alike.” -- Cal Biruk * PoLAR *Table of ContentsIntroduction / Vincanne Adams 1 1. Metrics of the Global Sovereign: Numbers and Stories in Global Health / Vincanne Adams 19 Part I. Getting Good Numbers 2. Estimating Death: A Close Reading of Maternal Mortality Metrics in Malawi / Claire L. Wendland 57 3. The Obligation ot Count: The Politics of Monitoring Maternal Mortality in Nigeria / Adeola Oni-Orisan 82 Part II. Metrics Politics 4. The Power of Data: Global Malaria Governance and the Senegalese Data Retention Strike / Marlee Tichenor 105 5. Native Sovereignty by the Numbers: The Metrics of Yup'ik Behavioral Health Programs / Molly Hales 125 Part III. Metrics Economics 6. Metrics and Market Logics of Global Health / Susan Erikson 147 7. When Good Works Count / Lily Walkover 163 Part IV. Storied Metrics 8. When Numbers and Stories Collide: Randomized Controlled Trials and the Search for Ethnographic Fidelity in the Veterans Administration / Carolyn Smith-Morris 181 9. The Tyranny of the Widget: An American Medical Aid Organization's Struggles with Quantification / Pierre Minn 203 Epilogue: What Counts in Good Global Health? / Vincanne Adams 225 References 231 Contributors 253 Index 255

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis gripping book narrates the efforts to identify a strange disease that killed thirty-eight people in a Venezuelan rainforest between 2007 and 2008 and sketches out systematic health inequities regarding the rights to produce and circulate knowledge about health throughout indigenous communities. Trade Review"Briggs and Mantini-Briggs do more than shed light on a tragedy—they give voice to the grieving parents and offer examples of innovative ways to combat health disparities around the world, such as examining the 'relational division of the labor of producing and circulating health knowledge.'” -- Tracy Gnadinger * Health Affairs *“There are no easy explanations in this book, but it serves a valuable role by reminding us that lofty ideological claims and even passionate practical commitment are, in themselves, insufficient for eradicating deep structural inequalities, the real solutions to which can sometimes only be found among the people themselves.” -- Eugene Carey * Latin American Review of Books *"It is in this combination of ambitious scope and gut-wrenching intimacy that Tell Me Why My Children Died really shines. This book is a model not just for anthropologists interested in epidemics (Ebola and Zika were frequently on my mind while I was reading, and they are occasionally invoked in the text), but, just as importantly, for readers interested in a first-hand account of the messy, frustrating and ambivalent work of communicating calls for justice." -- Alex Nading * Journal of Latin American Studies *"This ethnography will undoubtedly be embraced by scholars and graduate students in the fields of medical and linguistic anthropology, Latin American Studies and Indigenous Studies. Nevertheless, in my opinion, a book like this is most needed to encourage critical approaches to communication, global health and public health disciplines, as well as engaging lower level students in sophisticated discussions around contemporary American societies." -- Nicole S. Berry * Bulletin of Latin American Research *"The book will be useful and provocative for researchers, students, and faculties in the social sciences, medicine, and science and technology studies. I strongly recommend it." -- Linda M. Whiteford * Ethnohistory *Table of ContentsIllustrations ix Prologue xiii Preface xvii Introduction 1 Part I. 1. Reliving the Epidemic: Parents' Perspectives 29 2. When Caregivers Fail: Doctors, Nurses, and Healers Facing an Intractable Disease 76 3. Explaining the Inexplicable in Mukoboina: Epidemiologists, Documents, and the Dialogue That Failed 109 4. Heroes, Bureaucrats, and Millenarian Wisdom: Journalists Cover an Epidemic Conflict 127 Part II. 5. Narratives, Communicative Monopolies, and Acute Health Inequities 159 6. Knowledge Production and Circulation 179 7. Laments, Psychoanalysis, and the Work of Mourning 205 8. Biomediatization: Health/Communicative Inequities and Health News 225 9. Toward Health/Communicative Equities and Justice 245 Conclusion 260 Acknowledgments 275 Notes 279 References 287 Index 303

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis gripping book narrates the efforts to identify a strange disease that killed thirty-eight people in a Venezuelan rainforest between 2007 and 2008 and sketches out systematic health inequities regarding the rights to produce and circulate knowledge about health throughout indigenous communities. Trade Review"Briggs and Mantini-Briggs do more than shed light on a tragedy—they give voice to the grieving parents and offer examples of innovative ways to combat health disparities around the world, such as examining the 'relational division of the labor of producing and circulating health knowledge.'” -- Tracy Gnadinger * Health Affairs *“There are no easy explanations in this book, but it serves a valuable role by reminding us that lofty ideological claims and even passionate practical commitment are, in themselves, insufficient for eradicating deep structural inequalities, the real solutions to which can sometimes only be found among the people themselves.” -- Eugene Carey * Latin American Review of Books *"It is in this combination of ambitious scope and gut-wrenching intimacy that Tell Me Why My Children Died really shines. This book is a model not just for anthropologists interested in epidemics (Ebola and Zika were frequently on my mind while I was reading, and they are occasionally invoked in the text), but, just as importantly, for readers interested in a first-hand account of the messy, frustrating and ambivalent work of communicating calls for justice." -- Alex Nading * Journal of Latin American Studies *"This ethnography will undoubtedly be embraced by scholars and graduate students in the fields of medical and linguistic anthropology, Latin American Studies and Indigenous Studies. Nevertheless, in my opinion, a book like this is most needed to encourage critical approaches to communication, global health and public health disciplines, as well as engaging lower level students in sophisticated discussions around contemporary American societies." -- Nicole S. Berry * Bulletin of Latin American Research *"The book will be useful and provocative for researchers, students, and faculties in the social sciences, medicine, and science and technology studies. I strongly recommend it." -- Linda M. Whiteford * Ethnohistory *Table of ContentsIllustrations ix Prologue xiii Preface xvii Introduction 1 Part I. 1. Reliving the Epidemic: Parents' Perspectives 29 2. When Caregivers Fail: Doctors, Nurses, and Healers Facing an Intractable Disease 76 3. Explaining the Inexplicable in Mukoboina: Epidemiologists, Documents, and the Dialogue That Failed 109 4. Heroes, Bureaucrats, and Millenarian Wisdom: Journalists Cover an Epidemic Conflict 127 Part II. 5. Narratives, Communicative Monopolies, and Acute Health Inequities 159 6. Knowledge Production and Circulation 179 7. Laments, Psychoanalysis, and the Work of Mourning 205 8. Biomediatization: Health/Communicative Inequities and Health News 225 9. Toward Health/Communicative Equities and Justice 245 Conclusion 260 Acknowledgments 275 Notes 279 References 287 Index 303

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book examines the aftermath of 9/11 in New York City and the various ways that this event profoundly reshaped multiple spheres of City life.Table of ContentsIntroduction, 1 Susan Opotow and Zachary Baron Shemtob Conflict and Change: New York City’s Rebirth after 9/11, 14 Zachary Baron Shemtob, Patrick Sweeney, and Susan Opotow Mirrored Reflections: (Re)Constructing Memory and Identity in Hiroshima and New York City, 41 Hirofumi Minami and Brian R. Davis Memory Foundations, 67 Daniel Libeskind Building the 9/11 Memorial, 86 Michael Arad Urban Security in New York City after 9/11: Risk and Realities, 106 Charles R. Jennings Managing Fire Emergencies in Tall Buildings: Design Innovations in the Wake of 9/11, 128 Norman Groner Health Impacts of 9/11, 145 Michael Crane, Kimberly Flynn, Roberto Lucchini, Guille Mejia, Jacqueline Moline, David Prezant, Joan Reibman, and Micki Siegel de Hernandez, with Cristina Onea and Susan Opotow Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following 9/11: What We Know Now, 180 Ari Lowell, Ariel Durosky, Anne Hilburn, Liat Helpman, Xi Zhu, and Yuval Neria Living in Houses Without Walls: Muslim Youth in New York City in the Aftermath of 9/11, 206 Diala Shamas Memory, Site, and Object: The September 11 Memorial Museum, 230 Susan Opotow and Karyna Pryiomka Acknowledgments, 253 List of Contributors, 255 Index, 263

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book examines the aftermath of 9/11 in New York City and the various ways that this event profoundly reshaped multiple spheres of City life.Table of ContentsIntroduction, 1 Susan Opotow and Zachary Baron Shemtob Conflict and Change: New York City’s Rebirth after 9/11, 14 Zachary Baron Shemtob, Patrick Sweeney, and Susan Opotow Mirrored Reflections: (Re)Constructing Memory and Identity in Hiroshima and New York City, 41 Hirofumi Minami and Brian R. Davis Memory Foundations, 67 Daniel Libeskind Building the 9/11 Memorial, 86 Michael Arad Urban Security in New York City after 9/11: Risk and Realities, 106 Charles R. Jennings Managing Fire Emergencies in Tall Buildings: Design Innovations in the Wake of 9/11, 128 Norman Groner Health Impacts of 9/11, 145 Michael Crane, Kimberly Flynn, Roberto Lucchini, Guille Mejia, Jacqueline Moline, David Prezant, Joan Reibman, and Micki Siegel de Hernandez, with Cristina Onea and Susan Opotow Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following 9/11: What We Know Now, 180 Ari Lowell, Ariel Durosky, Anne Hilburn, Liat Helpman, Xi Zhu, and Yuval Neria Living in Houses Without Walls: Muslim Youth in New York City in the Aftermath of 9/11, 206 Diala Shamas Memory, Site, and Object: The September 11 Memorial Museum, 230 Susan Opotow and Karyna Pryiomka Acknowledgments, 253 List of Contributors, 255 Index, 263

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisFood safety is currently one of the most important issues confronting consumers, producers and distributors. It cannot be dealt with as just a physical problem but must be considered as a multi-dimensional one, affected by politics, economics and social influences. This book focuses on the specific example of food safety in the beef industry in the USA, Canada, the UK and Australia. It outlines the experience of a number of countries with food safety problems (such as BSE) and examines:drivers for change and institutional arrangements within the four countrieswhether there is a socially optimal approach to food safetyhow much consumers can rely on the industry to police itself and governments to look after their interestsIt also examines the implications for competitiveness and world trade.Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: International Institutional Arrangements 3: The United States 4: Canada 5: The United Kingdom 6: Australia 7: Towards an Optimal Food Safety System 8: How are they Doing? 9: Epilogue 10: Bibliography/References

Read more less

Book SynopsisNitrate is ubiquitous. It is present in water, soil, plants and food, and is also a normal human metabolite. The main external sources of nitrate are vegetables and drinking water. This book examines the relationship between nitrates and human health. During the last 50 years or so, nitrate has been feared as the source of the rare condition called methaemoglobinaemia, or "blue baby syndrome", for young infants. Nitrate has also been implicated with causing cancer, through increased formation of carcinogenic compounds. Both claims are based on dubious evidence. This book sets out research results to disprove these assumptions, and goes on to explore the beneficial effects of nitrate in preventing infections, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. It is essential reading for researchers in medicine, and those in agriculture and food industries.Table of Contents1: The history of nitrates in medicine 2: Nitrate, the nitrogen cycle and the fertility of nature 3: The nitrogen cycle 4: The increasing fertility of nature 5: The metabolism of nitrate 6: The basic features 7: The two sources of nitrate: dietary intake and endogenous synthesis 8: The metabolic conversions of nitrate in the body and its fate 9: Nitrate excretion with saliva and its transformation to nitrite in the mouth 10: Nitrate and nitrite in the stomach 11: Nitrate metabolism: a summary 12: Nitrate in body fluids 13: Healthy humans 14: Pathological conditions 15: Conclusions 16: The case against nitrate - a critical examination 17: The risk of methaemoglobinaemia in infants 18: The risk of cancer 19: Other grievances 20: Conclusions 21: Nitrate regulations: presentation and discussion 22: Maximum nitrate levels in drinking water 23: Maximum nitrate levels in food 24: The acceptable daily intake and the reference dose for nitrate in man 25: Concluding comments 26: The beneficial effects of nitrate 27: The anti-infective effects of nitrate 28: Nitrate, blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases 29: Dietary nitrate and gastric cancer 30: Other beneficial effects 31: Conclusion 32: Summary and Conclusions

Read more less

Book SynopsisTaenia solium cysticercosis is a parasitic disease caused by the dissemination of the larval form of the pork tapeworm and affects an estimated 50 million people worldwide. It is endemic in several developing countries, including many in Central and South America, Africa and South Asia. Through increased immigration and international travel, it is also of emerging significance in developed countries such as the USA.This book, written by international leading experts in the field, covers the basic science and clinical aspects of Taenia solium, its pathology, investigational aspects of neurocysticercosis, and therapy and preventionTable of ContentsSection i: Taenia solium Cysticercosis: Basic Science 1: Taenia solium: Basic Biology and Transmission, Z S Pawlowski 2: Taenia solium Cysticercosis: New and Revisited Immunological Aspects, A Flisser, D Correa and C A W Evans 3: Molecular Determinants of Host-Parasite Interactions: Focus on Parasite, J L Molinari and P Tato 4: Animal Models of Taenia solium Cysticercosis: Role in Understanding Host-Parasite Interactions, A E Cardona and J M Teale 5: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Taenia solium: From Basic to Applied Science, A Ito, M Nakao, M Okamoto, Y Sako and H Yamasaki 6: Hereditary Factors in Neurocysticercosis with Emphasis on Single, Small Enhancing CT Lesions (SSECTLs), V Padma, S Jain, A Srivastava, M Tripathi and M C Maheshwari Section ii: Epidemiology 7: Taenia solium Cysticercosis: An Overview of Global Distribution and Transmission, P M Schantz 8: What Have We Learnt From Epidemiological Studies of Taenia solium Cysticercosis in Peru? H H Garcia and R H Gilman, A E Gonzalez, M Verastegui, V C W Tsang and The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru 9: Epidemiology of Taeniasis-Cysticercosis in Mexico, E Sarti 10: Taenia solium Taeniasis and Cysticercosis in Central America, J Garcia-Noval, A L Sanchez and J C Allan 11: Neurocysticercosis in Brazil: Epidemiological Aspects, S Agapejev 12: Taenia solium Taeniasis and Cysticercosis in Asia, G Singh, S Prabhakar, A Ito, S Yull Cho and Dong-Chuan Qiu 13: Taenia solium Cysticercosis in Africa, M Druet-Cabanac, B Ramanankandrasana, S Bisser, L Dongmo, G Avode, L Nzisabira, M Dumas and P M Preux 14: Taenia solium Cysticercosis: The Special Case of the United States, W X Shandera, P M Schantz and A Clinton White, Jr 15: Porcine Cysticercosis, A E Gonzalez, P P Wilkins and T Lopez 16: Taenia solium: A Historical Note, N H Wadia, G Singh Section iii: Taenia solium Cysticercosis: Clinical Aspects 17: Neurocysticercosis: An Overview of Clinical Presentations, Sudesh Prabhakar, Gagandeep Singh 18: Meningeal Cysticercosis, O H Del Brutto 19: Heavy Multilesional Cysticercotic Syndromes, O H Del Brutto, H H Garcia, S Prabhakar 20: Intraventricular Neurocysticercosis, A C Cuetter, R J Andrews 21: Neurocysticercosis and Epilepsy, A Carpio, W Allen Hauser 22: Cerebrovascular Manifestations of Neurocysticercosis, F Barinagarrementeria and C Cantu 23: Taenia solium Cysticercosis: Uncommon Manifestations, G Singh and I S Sawhney 24: The Story Behind Solitary Cysticercus Granuloma (SCG), V Rajshekhar 25: Seizures Due to Solitary Cysticercus Granuloma (SCG), J M K Murthy 26: Pediatric Neurocysticercosis, S Prabhakar and G Singh 27: Psychiatric Manifestations of Neurocysticercosis, O V Forlenza 28: Taenia solium Cysticercosis: Ophthalmic Aspects, A Kumar and N Sharma 29: Neurocysticercosis: Diagnosis and Treatment in Special Situations, R Kumar Garg and A Mohan Kar Section iv: Cysticercosis: Pathology 30: The Pathology of Neurocysticercosis, A Escobar, K M Weidenheim 31: Single Small Enhancing Computed Tomogram Lesions (SSECTLs) - Pathological Correlates, G Chacko Section v: Neurocysticercosis: Investigational Aspects 32: Imaging and Spectroscopy of Neurocysticercosis, D Sharda, S Chawla and R K Gupta 33: Taenia solium Cysticercosis: Immunodiagnosis of Neurocysticercosis and Taeniasis, P P Wilkins, M Wilson, J C Allan and V C W Tsang 34: Antigen Based Immunoassays in the Diagnosis of Taenia solium Cysticercosis, D Correa, R Tapia-Romero, A Meza-Lucas, O Mata-Ruiz 35: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in the Diagnosis of Taenia solium Cysticercosis, T Meri and S Meri 36: Immunodiagnosis in Single, Small Enhancing Computed Tomography Lesions (SSECTLs), A Oomen Section vi: Taeniasis-Cysticercosis: Therapy and Prevention 37: Pharmacology of Anticysticercal Therapy, H Jung and D F González-Esquivel 38: Controversies in the Drug Treatment of Neurocysticercosis, B S Singhal and R A Salinas 39: Neurocysticercosis: Neurosurgical Perspective, B S Sharma and S P Chandra 40: Endoscopic Management of Intraventricular Cysticercosis, M Bergsneider and J H Nieto 41: Control of Taenia solium with Emphasis on Treatment of Taeniasis, J C Allan, P S Craig and Z S Pawlowski 42: Taenia solium Vaccination: Present Status and Future Prospects, C A W Evans 43: Control of Taenia solium with Porcine Chemotherapy, A E Gonzalez 44: Use of a Simulation Model to Evaluate Control Programmes against Taenia Solium Cysticercosis, A E Gonzalez, R H Gilman, H H Garcia, T Lopez

Read more less

Book SynopsisLyme borreliosis commonly known as lyme disease is now acknowledged as the most highly prevalent arthropod-borne human disease in northern temperate regions of the world. This book describes the basic characteristics of the disease, the biology of the pathogens in their vectors and vertebrate hosts, their ecology in different regions of the world and the global epidemiology of the disease. The final chapters address the prevention and control measures that have resulted from this knowledge.Table of ContentsI: History and Characteristics of Lyme Borreliosis 2: Ecological Research on Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: Terminology and Some Methodical Pitfalls 3: Molecular and Cellular Biology of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato 4: Vectors of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato 5: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the Vertebrate Host 6: Ecology of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Europe 7: Ecology of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Russia 8: Ecology of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Japan and East Asia 9: Ecology of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in North America 10: Epidemiology of Lyme Borreliosis 11: Vaccination against Lyme Borreliosis 12: Environmental Management for Lyme Borreliosis Control

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe importance of food safety for human health has been widely recognized. The safety of foods of animal origin is particularly relevant because the large majority of foodborne diseases come from poultry, eggs, meat, milk and dairy products and fish. This textbook covers an integrated approach to this type of food production, hygiene and safety and shows how it results in concurrent benefits to animal well being, human health, protection of the environment and socioeconomics.Table of ContentsPart 1: On-farm phase in the context of the food chain 1: Food chain and health hazards 2: On-farm factors and health hazards Part 2: Hygiene of meat production-processing and meat inspection 3: Meat industry 4: Pre-slaughter phase 5: Slaughter and dressing 6: Post-mortem meat inspection 7: Meat preservation and processing 8: Meat safety management at abattoir 9: Food hygiene and safety at retail-consumer phase Part 3: Hygiene of production-processing of other foods and retail-consumerfood safety 10: Hygiene of production-processing of other foods 11: Food hygiene and safety at retail-consumer phase Part 4: Stable-to-table concept 12: Principles of longitudinal and integrated food safety assurance

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe expert chapters focus on patents as well as an array of regulatory instruments, including pricing and drug registration policies.Trade Review‘. . . this book will appeal strongly to a wide range of professionals, academics and students with interest in and involvement in public health issues worldwide, specifically the pharmaceutical industry. . . the book is timely, topical, and packed with carefully researched information which puts a number of major issues relating to pharmaceuticals in perspective. Of great value to researchers are the copious footnotes and extensive bibliographies which follow most of the articles. . . this book certainly provides you with an impressive mine of information if you find yourself having to argue your corner on any number of legal, economic and ethical issues in this complex field of study.’ -- Phillip Taylor MBE and Elizabeth Taylor, The Barrister Magazine‘Since the 1970s the pharmaceutical industry has undergone significant changes in its research and development paradigm, trade and production. Regulatory frameworks have also changed substantially, particularly in the area of intellectual property rights. This book provides much needed empirical evidence on the impact of these and other changes on the pharmaceutical sector and on access to medicines in developing countries. The studies, conducted with a common methodology, on nine developing countries (including major producers of pharmaceuticals such as China and India) and on Canada, make an outstanding contribution to the literature in the field. The data and analysis in the book are of immediate interest to policy makers and to scholars in various fields, including innovation economics, industrial policy, health systems and intellectual property.’ -- Carlos Correa, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina‘This impressive collection offers fascinating new perspectives on the impact of pharmaceutical patents on access to medicines in developing countries. The volume’s editors have put together an important book that sets out clearly the challenges to public health in a wide range of national contexts. The book will be a valuable text for all scholars and decision-makers interested in the global politics of intellectual property rights and public health.’ -- Duncan Matthews, Queen Mary, University of London, UKTable of ContentsContents: 1. Globalization, Intellectual Property Rights, and Pharmaceuticals: Meeting the Challenges to Addressing Health Gaps in the New International Environment Kenneth C. Shadlen, Samira Guennif, Alenka Guzmán and N. Lalitha 2. Pharmaceutical Production and Access to Essential Medicines in South Africa Heinz Klug 3. Intellectual Property and Access to Medicines: Paradoxes in Moroccan Policy Gaëlle Krikorian 4. The Invisible Threat: Trade, Intellectual Property, and Pharmaceutical Regulations in Colombia Tatiana Andia 5. The Challenges of Constructing Pharmaceutical Capabilities and Promoting Access to Medicines in Mexico under TRIPS Alenka Guzmán 6. Corporate Power and State Resistance: Brazil’s Use of TRIPS Flexibilities for its National AIDS Program Matthew Flynn 7. The Politics of Patents and Drugs in Brazil and Mexico: The Industrial Bases of Health Policies Kenneth C. Shadlen 8. Pharmaceutical Patent Policy in Developing Countries: Learning from the Canadian Experience Jean-Frédéric Morin and Mélanie Bourassa Forcier 9. Access to Indian Generic Drugs: Emerging Issues N. Lalitha 10. Sufficient but Expensive Drugs: A Double-Track System that Facilitated Supply Capability in China Mariko Watanabe and Luwen Shi 11. Access to Essential Drugs in Thailand: Intellectual Property Rights and Other Institutional Matters Affecting Public Health in a Developing Country Samira Guennif 12. The TRIPS Agreement and Health Innovation in Bangladesh Padmashree Gehl Sampath Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis sixth volume in the Collected Works of Florence Nightingale reports Nightingale's considerable accomplishments in the development of a public health care system based on health promotion and disease prevention. It follows directly from her understanding of social science and broader social reform activities.Trade Review"The Nightingale project ranks with both the Gladstone diaries and the Disraeli letters as a major undertaking in the field of Victorian-era scholarship, and therefore is of surpassing value to historians of the period, as well as to general readers." -- C. Brad Faught, Tyndale University College, Toronto -- Anglican and Episcopal History, Vol. 81 (1), 20120301"There are gems in this huge volume that will help us rethink Nightingale. She emerges as a more critical statistician than is often recognized; her conceptions of disease and etiology appear more ambiguous than they are sometimes presented; and one gets a clearer sense of her concept of `administration,' which, more than any other element of nursing practice or training, appears here as the keystone of nursing reform, and the aspect in which it most seriously intersected with the reform of public medical services." -- Christopher Hamlin -- Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 200511"The Collected Works of Florence Nightingale is an extremely ambitious project that is a great service to scholarship. Every general academic library should own the complete set. It pulls together material that has been hitherto diffused across more than 150 collections, some of them private ones, in places ranging from Germany to India and Japan, as well as numerous English-speaking countries." -- Timothy Larsen -- Books and Culture, 200811"The details and explications of her views...are presented in carefully annotated and insightful editorial discussions....[These volumes] provide a more complete understanding of this complex woman, extending our appreciation of her much beyond the `The Lady with the Lamp' legend.... The product of rigorous scholarship, of meticulous historical research--and a labour of love." -- Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, Volume 21/1, 200510``[I]t is clear that this is an academic project of the highest importance and integrity. It will have an impact on the work of scholars far beyond the immediate field of health history. Nightingale's interests were wide-ranging and her correspondence included some of the leading thinkers of her day....The editing of these volumes is exemplary. Every reference has been followed up, including the identification of minor dramatis personae. Important personalities are accorded short biographies. On every page there are biblical allusions, which are faithfully identified. Each thematic section has an introductory essay and these are amplified by a full outline of Nightingale's life and thought in volume 1. This project makes a major contribution to scholarship which will be of permanent value.'' -- Helen Mathers, University of Sheffield, Ecclesiastical History"Lynn McDonald and her collaborators have taken on a mammoth task: that of collating and organizing ``all the available surviving writing of Florence Nightingale''. The work is a remarkable collective effort....Florence Nightingale on Public Health Care is...a very useful resource for scholars in the fields of history of nursing and history of medicine. As well as providing the reader with carefully edited critical editions of some of Nightingale's most important works, it makes available to future scholarship in these fields a vast array of correspondence, notes and other unpublished material, which will enable a more thorough and complete understanding of Nightingale and her work." -- Christine Hallett, University of Manchester -- Medical History, 50 (3), 200608"The Collected Works will allow us to see for the first time the full complexity of this extraordinary and multifacted woman. It will be a tool of enormous value not only to Nightingale scholars and biographers, but also to historians of a wide variety of aspects of Victorian society: war, the army, public health nursing, religion, India, women's issues and so on." -- Mark Bostridge -- Times Literary Supplement, 20030110"In...the ambitious Collected Works of Florence Nightingale project, series editor Lynn McDonald demonstrates why one of the best-known women of the Victorian Era continues to fascinate, one hundred and fifty years after her initial rise to fame. Until now, the most widely available literature has been written about rather than by Florence Nightingale. Delivering on the promise of convenient access to all the available surviving writing of Florence Nightingale, McDonald offers readers a meticulously transcribed, categorized, and indexed record of Nightingale's major published books, articles, and pamphlets, as well as herefore unpublished correspondence and notes. In Florence Nightingale on Public Health Care and Florence Nightingale's European Travels, Nightingale emerges as a brilliant and politically astute woman who, from her youth, was driven by intellectual mischief, unquenchable curiosity, stubborn resistance to the status quo, and an unrelenting desire to improve the living conditions of the sick poor....Lynn McDonald's extensive yet unobtrusive editorial analyses and comments are invaluable, and serve to contextualize and anchor the disparate documents that follow....Public Health Care and European Travels are invaluable reference texts for scholars interested in Nightingale and her contemporaries, the Victorian era, and the evolution of health care, illness care, and professional nursing. By providing unprecedented access to Nightingale's writings, Lynn McDonald offers readers a unique opportunity to understand Florence Nightingale, in her own words." -- Sonya Grypma -- University of Toronto Quarterly, Letters in Canada 2004, Volume 75, number 1, 200606Table of Contents Florence Nightingale on Public Health Care: Collected Works of Florence Nightingale, Volume 6, edited by Lynn McDonald Acknowledgments Dramatis Personae List of Illustrations Florence Nightingale: A Précis of the Collected Works Introduction to Volume 6 Public Health Care as a System Key to Editing Notes on Nursing for the Labouring Classes Editor's Introduction Preface Notes on Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not Chapter 1. Ventilation and Warming Chapter 2. Health of Houses Chapter 3. Petty Management Chapter 4. Noise Chapter 5. Variety Chapter 6. Taking Food Chapter 7. What Food? Chapter 8. Bed and Bedding Chapter 9. Light Chapter 10. Cleanliness of Rooms and Walls Chapter 11. Personal Cleanliness Chapter 12. Chattering Hopes and Advices Chapter 13. Observation of the Sick Chapter 14. Convalescence Chapter 15. What Is a Nurse? Chapter 16. ""Minding Baby"" Conclusion Note Upon Employment of Women Appendix Revisions for a Proposed 1875 Edition Colonial Sanitary Statistics and Aboriginal Depopulation ""Sanitary Statistics of Native Colonial Schools and Hospitals"" ""Sick-Nursing and Health-Nursing"" The Reform of Workhouse Infirmaries Workhouse Infirmaries in Nightingale's Day The Liverpool Workhouse Infirmary The Appointment of Agnes Jones as Superintendent Death of and Memorials to Agnes Jones Later Superintendents and Difficulties The Extension of Workhouse Nursing to Metropolitan London Brief to the Cubic Space Comittee Training Pauper Girls to Become Workhouse Nurses The Metropolitan Poor Bill of 1867 Workhouse Infirmary for St Pancras, Highgate Training School for Workhouse Nurses Other Workhouse Infirmaries The Extension of Nursing to Workhouse Infirmaries in Ireland Public Health Issues, Rural Health and Nightingale's ""Caseload"" Nature, Disease, Germs and Contagion Rural Health ""Rural Hygiene"" Medical Care of Employees, Former Employees and Tenants Appendix Appendix: Biographical Sketches (Dr) John Sutherland (1808-91) William Rathbone (1802-1902) Agnes Elizabeth Jones (1832-68) Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisMajor changes are occurring in the United States population and the nation''s health care institutions and delivery systems. Significant disparities in health status exist across population groups. But the health care enterprise, with all its integrated and disparate parts, has been slow to respond. Written by three nationally known scholars and experts, Diversity and Cultural Competence in Health Care: A Systems Approach is designed to provide health care students and professionals with a clear understanding of foundations, philosophies, and processes that strengthen diversity management, inclusion, and culturally competent care delivery. Focusing on current practice and health care policy, including the recently passed Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA), this textbook integrates strategic diversity management, self-reflective leadership, and the personal change process with culturally and linguistically appropriate care into a cohesive systems-oriented approach for health care professionals. The essentials of cultural competence and diversity management covered in this text will be helpful to a wide variety of students because they encompass principles and practices that can be realistically incorporated into the ongoing work of any health care field or organization. Each chapter contains learning objectives, summary, key terms, and review questions and activities designed to allow students to understand and explore concepts and practices identified throughout the text.Table of ContentsFigures and Tables ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xv The Authors xvii PART ONE THE DIVERSITY IMPERATIVE 1 Chapter 1 Systems Approach to Cultural Competence 3 Dimensions of Diversity 7 Health Care Diversity Challenges 19 Health Care Disparities in the United States 20 Changing the US Health Care System 21 Systems Approach in the Health Care Delivery Organization 26 The Importance of Leadership 27 Summary 28 Review Questions and Activities 29 Chapter 2 Systematic Attention to Health Care Disparities 35 What Are Health Care Disparities? 36 Race and Ethnic Disparities in Health Status 37 Disparities across Other Diversity Dimensions: Gender, Sexual Orientation, the Elderly 49 Stakeholder Attention to Health Care Disparities 56 Systematic Strategies for Reducing Health Care Disparities 60 Summary 65 Review Questions and Activities 66 Chapter 3 Workforce Demographics 75 Trends in the US Labor Force 76 Diversity and the Health Professions 81 Drivers of Disparities in the Health Professions 83 Checklist of Recommended Organizational-Level Actions 90 Workforce Diversity Challenges 96 Summary 100 Review Questions and Activities 101 PART TWO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE 105 Chapter 4 Foundations for Cultural Competence in Health Care 107 What Is Cultural Competence in Health Care? 109 Long Journey toward Cultural Competence 119 Cultural Competence and the Health Care Provider Organization 126 Cultural Competence and the Multicultural Health Care Workforce 133 Summary 138 Review Questions and Activities 139 Chapter 5 Hallmarks of Cultural Competence in Health Care Professionals 143 Personal Journey of Cultural Competence 145 Framework for Role Development 153 Journey of Self-Discovery 156 Summary 167 Review Questions and Activities 168 Chapter 6 Training for Knowledge and Skills in Culturally Competent Care for Diverse Populations 171 Eight Principles for Knowledge and Skills Training 173 Cultural Competence Knowledge and Skills for Administrators and Directors 177 Cultural Competence Training for Health Care Professionals in Direct Patient Care 183 Cultural Competence Training for Support Staff 207 The Role of Assessment in Cultural Competence Training 208 Summary 211 Review Questions and Activities 212 PART THREE CULTURAL COMPETENCE AND HEALTH CARE DELIVERY 219 Chapter 7 Cultural Competence in Health Care Encounters 221 Models from Transcultural Nursing 225 Giger-Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model (GDTAM) 238 Being Culturally Responsive 251 Summary 253 Review Questions and Activities 254 Chapter 8 Language Access Services and Crosscultural Communication 259 Language Use in the United States 261 Language Differences in Health Care Encounters 262 Attitudes toward Limited-English Speakers 266 Changing Responses to Language Barriers in Health Care 268 An Expanding Profession: The Health Care Interpreter 278 Translation in Written Health Care Communication 284 Communication Is More than Words 286 Summary 290 Review Questions and Activities 291 Chapter 9 Group Identity Development and Health Care Delivery 299 Research Highlights 301 Minority Status Group Identity Development 305 Majority Status Group Identity Development 313 Using the Models 325 Summary 328 Review Questions and Activities 329 PART FOUR CULTURAL COMPETENCE AND THE HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION 333 Chapter 10 The Centrality of Organizational Behavior 335 The Science of Organizational Behavior 338 Organizations as Contexts for Behavior 339 OB Research Highlights 341 Can Culturally Competent Health Care Professionals “Go It Alone”? 350 Summary 356 Review Questions and Activities 357 Chapter 11 The Business Case and Best Demonstrated Practices 361 Evolution of the Business Case 363 The Business Case for Cultural Competence in Health Care 364 Workforce, HRM, and the Business Case 373 Best Demonstrated Practices 376 Assessment and the Systems Approach 386 Benchmarking 389 Role of Metrics in the Systems Approach 390 Summary 397 Review Questions and Activities 399 Chapter 12 The Future of Diversity and Cultural Competence in Health Care 405 Trends That Support Widespread Adoption of the Systems Approach 406 The Sustainability Movement and the Systems Approach 419 Change Management and Force Field Analysis: Tools to Envision and Shape the Future 420 Summary 425 Review Questions and Activities 426 Glossary 429 Index 439

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe author explores the role of social and economic injustices as root causes of the uneven distribution of disease across population groups according to class, race and gender.Table of ContentsIntroduction xi Acknowledgments xix The Editor xxiii The Contributors xxv Part I Human Rights, Social Justice, Economics, Poverty, and Health Care 1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 5 2. Public Health as Social Justice 11Dan E. Beauchamp 3. What We Mean by Social Determinants of Health 21Vicente Navarro 4. The Magic Mountain: Trickle-Down Economics in a Philippine Garbage Dump 39Matthew Power 5. Family Medicine Should Encourage the Development of Luxury Practices: Negative Position 55Martin Donohoe Part Two Special Populations 6. Homelessness in the United States: History, Epidemiology, Health Issues, Women, and Public Policy 77Martin Donohoe 7. Historical and Contemporary Factors Contributing to the Plight of Migrant Farmworkers in the United States 85Safina Koreishi, Martin Donohoe 8. The Persistence of American Indian Health Disparities 99David S. Jones 9. Prejudice and the Medical Profession: A Five-Year Update 123Peter A. Clark 10. Sexual and Gender Minority Health: What We Know and What Needs to Be Done 153Kenneth H. Mayer, Judith B. Bradford, Harvey J. Makadon, Ron Stall, Hilary Goldhammer, Stewart Landers 11. Mental Disorders, Health Inequalities, and Ethics: A Global Perspective 171Emmanuel M. Ngui, Lincoln Khasakhala, David Nndetei, Laura Weiss Roberts 12. Incarceration Nation: Health and Welfare in the Prison System in the United States 193Martin Donohoe Part Three Women’s Health 13. Individual and Societal Forms of Violence Against Women in the United States and the Developing World: An Overview 217Martin Donohoe 14. Obstacles to Abortion in the United States 233Martin Donohoe 15. The Way It Was 249Eleanor Cooney Part Four Obesity, Tobacco, and Suicide by Firearms: The Modern Epidemics 16. Weighty Matters: Public Health Aspects of the Obesity Epidemic 265Martin Donohoe 17. Cigarettes: The Other Weapons of Mass Destruction 287Martin Donohoe 18. Guns and Suicide in the United States 295Matthew Miller, David Hemenway Part Five Food: Safety, Security, and Disease 19. Factory Farms as Primary Polluter 303Martin Donohoe 20. Genetically Modified Foods: Health and Environmental Risks and the Corporate Agribusiness Agenda 307Martin Donohoe 21. Opposition to the Use of Hormone Growth Promoters in Beef and Dairy Cattle Production (American Public Health Association Policy Statement, Adopted 2009) 319Elanor Starmer, David Wallinga, Rick North, Martin Donohoe Part Six Environmental Health 22. Roles and Responsibilities of Health Care Professionals in Combating Environmental Degradation and Social Injustice: Education and Activism 333Martin Donohoe 23. Global Warming: A Public Health Crisis Demanding Immediate Action 355Martin Donohoe 24. Flowers, Diamonds, and Gold: The Destructive Public Health, Human Rights, and Environmental Consequences of Symbols of Love 365Martin Donohoe 25. Is a Modest Health Care System Possible? 385Andrew Jameton Part Seven War and Violence 26. The Health Consequences of the Diversion of Resources to War and Preparation for War 399Victor W. Sidel, Barry S. Levy 27. A Brief Summary of the Medical Impacts of Hiroshima 405Robert Vergun, Martin Donohoe, Catherine Thomasson, Pamela Vergun 28. Medical Science Under Dictatorship 409Leo Alexander 29. War, Rape, and Genocide: Never Again? 427Martin Donohoe Part Eight Corporations and Public Health 30. Combating Corporate Control: Protecting Education, Media, Legislation, and Health Care 439Martin Donohoe 31. The Pharmaceutical Industry: Friend or Foe? 451Jennifer R. Niebyl 32. Unnecessary Testing in Obstetrics, Gynecology, and General Medicine: Causes and Consequences of the Unwarranted Use of Costly and Unscientific (yet Profitable) Screening Modalities 463Martin Donohoe 33. Urine Trouble: Practical, Legal, and Ethical Issues Surrounding Mandated Drug Testing of Physicians 473Martin Donohoe Part Nine Achieving Social Justice in Health Care Through Education and Activism 34. Promoting Public Understanding of Population Health 493Stephen Bezruchka 35. Some Ideas for a Common Agenda 509Peter Montague, Carolyn Raffensperger 36. Taking On Corporate Power—and Winning 521Robert Weissman 37. US Health Care: Single-Payer or Market Reform 551David U. Himmelstein, Steffie Woolhandler 38. US Health Professionals Oppose War 563Walter J. Lear 39. The Residency Program in Social Medicine of Montefiore Medical Center: 37 Years of Mission-Driven, Interdisciplinary Training in Primary Care, Population Health, and Social Medicine 571A. H. Strelnick, Debbie Swiderski, Alice Fornari, Victoria Gorski, Eliana Korin, Philip Ozuah, Janet M. Townsend, Peter A. Selwyn 40. Stories and Society: Using Literature to Teach Medical Students About Public Health and Social Justice 597Martin Donohoe Index 609

Read more less

Book SynopsisSpatial and Spatio-Temporal Bayesian Models with R-INLA provides a much needed, practically oriented & innovative presentation of the combination of Bayesian methodology and spatial statistics.Table of ContentsDedication iiiPreface ix1 Introduction 11.1 Why spatial and spatio-temporal statistics? 11.2 Why do we use Bayesian methods for modelling spatial and spatio-temporal structures? 21.3 Why INLA? 31.4 Datasets 32 Introduction to 212.1 The language 212.2 objects 222.3 Data and session management 342.4 Packages 352.5 Programming in 362.6 Basic statistical analysis with 393 Introduction to Bayesian Methods 533.1 Bayesian Philosophy 533.2 Basic Probability Elements 573.3 Bayes Theorem 623.4 Prior and Posterior Distributions 643.5 Working with the Posterior Distribution 663.6 Choosing the Prior Distribution 684 Bayesian computing 834.1 Monte Carlo integration 834.2 Monte Carlo method for Bayesian inference 854.3 Probability distributions and random number generation in 864.4 Examples of Monte Carlo simulation 894.5 Markov chain Monte Carlo methods 974.6 The Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations algorithm 1134.7 Laplace approximation 1134.8 The package 1234.9 How INLA works: step by step example 1275 Bayesian regression and hierarchical models 1395.1 Linear Regression 1395.2 Nonlinear regression: random walk 1455.3 Generalized Linear Models 1505.4 Hierarchical Models 1595.5 Prediction 1765.6 Model Checking and Selection 1796 Spatial Modeling 1896.1 Areal data –GMRF 1926.2 Ecological Regression 2036.3 Zero inflated models 2046.4 Geostatistical data 2106.5 The Stochastic Partial Diferential Equation approach 2116.6 SPDE within 2156.7 SPDE toy example with simulated data 2176.8 More advanced operations through the function 2266.9 Prior specification for the stationary case 2336.10 SPDE for Gaussian response: Swiss rainfall data 2376.11 SPDE with nonnormal outcome: Malaria in the Gambia 2456.12 Prior specification for the nonstationary case 2497 Spatio-Temporal Models 2577.1 Spatio-temporal Disease mapping 2587.2 Spatio-temporal Modeling particulate matter concentration 2688 Advanced modeling 2838.1 Bivariate model for spatially misaligned data 2838.2 Semicontinuous model to daily rainfall 2958.3 Spatio-temporal dynamic models 3088.4 Space-time model lowering the time resolution 321

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn essential introduction to global health in the modern world Foundations of Global Health Practice offers a comprehensive introduction to global health with a focus on ethical engagement and participatory approaches.Table of ContentsList of Figures, Tables, and Boxes xix Preface xxii About the Author xxv Contributors xxvii Acknowledgments xlv Introduction xlvii Part I Global Health Concepts 1 Developing a Global Perspective 3Lori DiPrete Brown Sharing Perspectives in a Diverse Learning Community 5 Sources of Global Health Information 7 Literature and the Arts 21 Chapter Summary 24 Review Questions 25 Key Terms 25 References 25 2 What Is Global Health? 27Lori DiPrete Brown Global Health: An Evolving Concept 28 Definitions of Global Health 33 What Are the Challenges to Human Health? 38 Measuring Global Health Status 39 Social Determinants of Health and the Social-Ecological Model 46 Chapter Summary 51 Review Questions 52 Key Terms 52 References 53 3 Global Health Care Systems and Universal Health Care 57Lori DiPrete Brown Health Systems and How They Work 58 Universal Health Care 65 Chapter Summary 69 Review Questions 69 Key Terms 69 References 69 4 Global Health Policy and the Sustainable Development Goals 71Lori DiPrete Brown From Alma-Ata to the Millennium Development Goals 72 The Sustainable Development Goals 76 Chapter Summary 80 Key Terms 81 Exercise: Young Leaders Speak Out 81 Review Questions 81 References 81 5 Global Health Challenges for the 21st Century 83Sean McKee and Katherine Leach-Kemon What Is the Global Burden of Disease? 84 How to Access and Use GBD Findings 88 Main Findings from the GBD Study 91 Using the GBD to Inform Health Policy in the Coming Years 102 Chapter Summary 104 Key Terms 104 Review Questions 104 Suggested Reading 105 References 105 6 The Right to Health and a Framework Convention on Global Health 107Eric A. Friedman, Fernanda Alonso, Ana Ayala, Andrew Hennessy-Strahs, and Sarah Roache The Right to Health 109 A Framework Convention on Global Health 111 Precedents and Examples of Governance for Global Health 116 Chapter Summary 119 Key Terms 120 Review Questions 120 Suggested Reading 120 References 120 7 Global Mental Health, Behavioral Medicine, and Wellness 125Giuseppe Raviola Defining Global Mental Health, Behavioral Medicine, and Wellness 126 Burden of Illness and the Treatment Gap: The Need for Integration 128 Gaps in Governance, Policies, and Financing: The Need for Systems 131 Strategies for Program Design and Sustained Service Delivery: The Need to Strengthen Existing Health Systems 136 Global Health Worker Wellness: The Need for Professional and Personal Development 137 Conclusion 138 Chapter Summary 139 Review Questions 139 Key Terms 139 References 140 8 Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Health 143Eric Hettler Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: Contextual Considerations 144 Chapter Summary 163 Key Terms 163 Review Questions 163 Suggested Reading 164 References 164 9 Food, Agriculture, and Nutrition 167Michele Joseph Aquino Global Food System, Local Solutions 168 The Farm Spectrum 169 Introduction to Food Security 173 Waste and Wealth 178 Agricultural Technology and Public Health 180 Sustainability and Equity: Highlights from Successful Programs 184 Chapter Summary 186 Key Terms 187 Review Questions 187 Exercise: Thinking Critically about Genetically Engineered Crops 188 Suggested Reading 188 References 189 10 Climate and Health 193Jonathan Patz and Evan DiPrete Brown What Is Climate Change? 194 Public Health Risks of Climate Change 196 Public Health Responses to Climate Change 204 Chapter Summary 208 Key Terms 208 Review Questions 209 References 209 11 Information Communication Technology and Health 217Laura E. Jacobson and Alain B. Labrique The Landscape 218 Considerations 228 Conclusion 230 Chapter Summary 230 Key Terms 231 Review Questions 231 References 231 12 Scaling Up in Global Health 233Richard Cash and Sophie Broach What Is Scale-Up? 234 The Story of BRAC: Experiences in Successfully Scaling Up Public Health Programs 236 Engaging in Global Health Practice with Scale in Mind 241 Chapter Summary 244 Key Terms 244 Review Questions 244 References 245 Part II Global Health Practice 13 Global Health Experiences 249Katarina M. Grande and Lori DiPrete Brown Global Health Experiences: A Focus on Learning 250 Types of Global Health Experiences 251 Applying for and Funding Global Health Experiences 257 Chapter Summary 259 Activity: Develop a Country Profile 259 Key Terms 268 Suggested Reading and Resources 268 References 269 14 Global Health Competencies for the Health Sciences 271Gabrielle A. Jacquet, Jessica Evert, and Kevin Wyne Background 272 Levels of Experience and Training 273 Timing of Experience 274 Scope of Practice 275 Additional Competencies 275 Chapter Summary 277 Case Study for Group Discussion 278 Key Terms 279 Suggested Resources 279 References 280 15 Working with Communities 281Lori DiPrete Brown and Sophia Friedson-Ridenour Community-Based Participatory Research: Core Concepts 282 Insights for CBPR Practice: A Case Study from Ecuador 286 CBPR Methods and Global Health: A Mixed-Methods Approach 293 Chapter Summary 297 Review Questions 297 Key Terms 298 References 298 16 Transformative Engagement and Leadership for Global Health 299C. Perry Dougherty A Framework for Transformative Leadership 301 Three Lenses of Reflection and Discernment 302 Historical and Cultural Context of Your Leadership 302 Centrality of Relationship 303 Skills of Transformative Engagement and Leadership 304 Practicing Transformative Engagement and Leadership: A Three-Part Exercise 308 Chapter Summary 311 Key Terms 312 Review Questions 312 Suggested Reading 312 References 313 17 Guidelines for Planning a Global Health Learning Experience 315Sweta Shrestha Elements of a Global Health Field Course 316 Case Example: Nepal Global Field Course 322 Chapter Summary 329 Key Terms 329 Suggested Reading 329 18 Navigating Global Health for Student Organizations 331Alexis Barnes and Alyssa Smaldino Students as Global Health Partners 332 Student Organizations and Harnessing the Power of Partnership 334 Structures of Accountability 338 Chapter Summary 340 Review Questions 340 Key Terms 340 Recommended Reading 341 References 341 19 Planning for Health and Safety 343Katarina M. Grande Before You Go 343 While You Are There 346 Chapter Summary 349 Key Terms 349 Discussion and Practice Assignment 349 Suggested Reading 349 References 350 20 Global Health Professional Skills and Careers 351Sharon Rudy and Angelina Gordon What Are the Various Careers in Global Health? 352 What Does Success Look Like? 353 What Are Employers Looking For? 355 How to Build Your Skills for the Road Ahead 357 Chapter Summary 363 Discussion Questions 364 Activity: Skills Inventory 364 Key Terms 367 Suggested Reading 368 References 368 Part III Global Health Perspectives 21 So You Want to Save the World? First, You’ve Got to Know It 371Brian W. Simpson References 374 22 Since You Asked 375Lori DiPrete Brown Honduras 375 Nicaragua 377 Guatemala 378 Your First Global Health Experience 379 23 Leadership Lessons from the Last Mile 381Carrie Hessler-Radelet Walking “the Last Mile” with Daisy Duarte in Mozambique 381 Leadership Lessons 383 Recommended Reading 384 24 How Global Health Identity Politics Harms Local Communities 387James Kassaga Arinaitwe Ebola Orphans in Africa Do Not Need Saviors 388 What It Means to Be an Orphan 388 Rethinking How to Provide Aid 389 Community versus Institution 390 Implications for the Future 390 References 391 25 Gender and Community Well-Being 393Araceli Alonso and Teresa Langle de Paz Come on a Journey to Lunga Lunga 394 The Situation upon Arrival 394 Women as Agents 395 What Can Be Done? 397 What Happened: The Surface and the Layers 398 A Model to Replicate: Health by All Means 401 Key Terms 403 Recommended Reading 403 References 403 26 Strengthening Immunization Programs 405James Conway Herd Immunity and Immunization Goals 406 Decision Making and Vaccine Hesitancy 406 Vaccine Access 408 Vaccine Development 409 Suggested Reading 410 References 411 27 HIV: US to Global Perspectives 413Katarina M. Grande HIV Background 414 Strategies for Ending HIV 414 Working in HIV Globally and Locally 415 Suggested Reading 416 References 417 28 Tuberculosis and the Long and Winding Road toward a Global Health Career 419Carolina Kwok Recommended Reading 422 References 422 29 Linking Research to Applied Field Work 423Devy Emperador From Basic to Applied Research: The Public Health Laboratory Scientist 423 Public Health Laboratory in a Resource-Limited Setting 424 Conclusion 425 Recommended Reading 426 References 426 30 A Call to Surgeons to Advance Global Health 427Girma Tefera Addressing the Surgical Workforce Shortage 428 The Way Forward: Partnerships 430 Recommended Reading 431 References 431 31 Stories and Balance 433James F. Cleary Devastating Impacts 434 Balance 436 Recommended Reading 437 References 437 32 The Global Burden of Avoidable Childhood Blindness 439Luxme Hariharan Discussion Questions 443 Recommended Reading 443 References 443 33 Global Health Nursing 445Linda C. Baumann and Karen D. Solheim Global Perspective of Nursing 445 Contributions 446 Challenges 447 Resources 448 Insights 448 Reflective Questions 449 Suggested Reading 449 References 449 34 Contributions of Pharmacists in Global Public Health 451Trisha Seys Ranola and Connie Kraus Suggested Reading 455 References 456 35 Reflections and Stepping-Stones to a Career in Global Health 457Cindy Haq Family and Values 457 Medical School and Residency 458 Early International Experience 458 Negotiating Professional Responsibilities 459 Stepping-Stones 459 36 Global Health and Education 463Nancy Kendall Suggested Reading and Resources 467 References 468 37 The Importance of Narrative to Global Health Research and Practice 469Louise Penner References 473 38 The Urban Opportunity for Global Health 475Jason Vargo Recommended Reading 479 References 479 39 Building Effective Health Systems in Transitional Societies 481Augustino Ting Mayai Investments and Impacts in Health 481 Successful Practices: Health Extension Workers in Ethiopia 483 Successful Practices: Decentralization, Access, and Coordination in Rwanda 483 Ongoing Efforts in South Sudan 484 Lessons for South Sudan and Other Transitional Societies 485 References 486 40 Grand Challenges in Global Health and the Role of Universities 489Keith Martin Universities as Partners in Global Health 489 The Consortium of Universities for Global Health 490 A Triple Challenge 491 Addressing the Neglected Foundation of Development 492 Priorities for Action 493 Conclusion 495 References 495 Glossary 496 Index 505

Read more less

Book SynopsisExpert insight and guidance on integrating safety into design to significantly reduce risks to people, systems, property, and communities Safe designrefers to the integration of hazard identification and risk assessment methods early in thedesignprocess so as to eliminate or minimize the risks of catastrophic failure throughout the life of a system, process, product, or service. This bookprovides engineers, designers, scientists and governmental officialswith the knowledge and tools needed to seamlessly incorporate safety intothe design of civil, industrial, and agricultural installations, as well as transportation systems, so as to minimize the risk of accidents and injuries. The methodology described in Safety in Design originates from the continuous safeguarding techniques first developed in the chemical industry and can successfully be applied to a range of industrial and civil settings. While the author focuses mainly on the aspects of safe design, he also addresses procedures which have a proven track record of preventing and alleviating the impacts of accidents with existing designs. He shares lessons learned from his nearly half-century of experience in the field and provides accounts of mishaps which could have been prevented, or significantly mitigated, based on data collected from approximately seventy incidents that have occurred in various countries. Describes the application of safe design in an array of fields, including the chemical industry, transportation, farming, the building trade, and leisure Reviews the history of intrinsic process safeguarding, which was first used in the chemical industry to minimize the risk of human error or instrumentation failure Describes dozens of preventable incidents to illustrate the critical role safe design can play Provides expert guidance and valuable tools for seamlessly weaving safety into every phase of the design process Safety in Design is an indispensable working resource for chemical, civil, mechanical, risk, and safety engineers, as well as professional R&D scientists, and process safety professionals. It is also a useful reference for insurers who deal with catastrophic loss potentials, and for government personnel who regulate or monitor industrial plants and procedures, traffic systems, and more.Table of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgments xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Intrinsic Continuous Process Safeguarding 1 1.3 The Flixborough Accident in the United Kingdom in 1974 2 1.4 The Seveso Emission in Italy in 1976 3 1.5 The Bhopal Emission in India in 1984 5 1.6 Concluding Remarks 5 2 Procedural, Active, and Passive Safety 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Definitions 8 2.3 Four Failures of Emergency Power Units 8 2.3.1 Introduction 8 2.3.2 Twenteborg Hospital at Almelo in The Netherlands in 2002 8 2.3.3 Westfries Gasthuis (Hospital) at Hoorn in The Netherlands in 2003 9 2.3.4 ZGT Hengelo Hospital at Hengelo (O) in The Netherlands in 2011 9 2.3.5 Chemical Plant 10 2.3.6 Additional Remarks 10 2.4 The Failure of the Blowout Preventer (BOP) at the Gulf Oil Explosion in 2010 10 2.5 The Safeguarding of Formula One Races 13 2.6 Dust Explosion Relief Venting 14 3 Safety Improvements over the Years 17 3.1 Introduction 17 3.2 Transport 17 3.2.1 Road Transport in The Netherlands 17 3.2.2 Unidirectional Road Traffic in Tunnels 18 3.2.3 Rail Transport in The Netherlands 19 3.2.4 Chlorine Transport by Rail 20 3.2.5 Sinking of the RMS Titanic in 1912 20 3.2.6 Oil Tankers with Double Hull 21 3.2.7 Two Comet Accidents in 1954 22 3.2.8 Helium Gas for Zeppelins – Zeppelin Crash in 1937 26 3.3 Industry 26 3.3.1 Cotton Spinning Plants 26 3.3.2 Akzo Nobel Extracts Salt Without Subsidence 27 3.3.3 Two New Cocoa Warehouses at Amsterdam in 2011 28 3.3.4 Flame Retardants 29 3.3.5 Clamp-on Ultrasonic Flow Measurement 30 3.4 Society 32 3.4.1 Inundation of Part of The Netherlands in 1953 32 3.4.2 Replacement of Coal Gas by Natural Gas in The Netherlands 34 3.4.3 CFCs 35 3.4.4 Dioxin in Feed 36 3.4.5 Street Motor Races in The Netherlands 36 3.4.6 An Unexpected Effect: Squatters Wear Moped Safety Helmets 37 4 Safety Aspects Need Attention 39 4.1 Introduction 39 4.2 Transport 40 4.2.1 Bus on Natural Gas Afire at Wassenaar in The Netherlands in 2012 40 4.2.2 Light Trucks with Trailers are Dangerous 42 4.2.3 Car Refrigerants 44 4.2.4 The Eschede Train Accident in Germany in 1998 45 4.2.5 Burning Battery in Boeing 787 Dreamline in 2013 47 4.2.6 Ferry Service on the North Sea Canal in The Netherlands 50 4.3 Society 52 4.3.1 Earthquakes Related to the Production of Natural Gas in the Northern Part of The Netherlands 52 4.3.2 Fire at Chemie-Pack at Moerdijk in The Netherlands in 2011 56 4.3.3 Inflammable Building Insulation Material 59 4.3.4 Rolling Shutters 60 5 Make Accidents and Incidents Virtually Impossible 62 5.1 Introduction 62 5.2 Transport 62 5.2.1 Bus Accident near Barcelona in 2009 62 5.2.2 Bus Accident in Hungary in 2003 63 5.2.3 Two TrainTruck and Trailer Collisions at Gronau in Germany in 2011 and 2013 64 5.2.4 Derailment at Wetteren in Belgium in 2013 66 5.2.5 Derailment at Santiago di Compostela in Spain in 2013 67 5.2.6 Derailment at Port Richmond, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA in 2015 67 5.2.7 Sinking of the Baltic Ace in the North Sea in 2012 68 5.2.8 Aerotoxic Syndrome 69 5.3 Society 71 5.3.1 Death in a Container for Used Clothes at Hannover in Germany in 2012 71 5.3.2 Death in a Restaurant at Zutphen in The Netherlands in 2014 71 5.3.3 Traffic Accident at Raard in The Netherlands in 2013 72 5.3.4 Accident at a Soccer Match at Eindhoven in The Netherlands in 2013 72 5.3.5 A Gust of Wind at Delden in The Netherlands in 2013 73 5.3.6 Boy Falls into Water Basin at Hengelo (O) in The Netherlands in 2013 74 5.3.7 Damaged Cow Teats at Losser in The Netherlands in 2009 75 6 Design with Ample Margins 77 6.1 Introduction 77 6.2 Transport 78 6.2.1 Coach Accident in the Sierre Tunnel in Switzerland in 2012 78 6.2.2 Accident with a Bus at Almelo in The Netherlands in 2003 79 6.2.3 Accident in a Cable Railway at Kaprun in Austria in 2000 79 6.2.4 Flashing Red Lights for Rail Transport 80 6.2.5 Luge Accident at Whistler in Canada in 2010 81 6.2.6 Concorde Accident at Paris in 2000 81 6.2.7 Space Shuttle Challenger Accident in 1986 84 6.2.8 Space Shuttle Columbia Accident in 2003 86 6.2.9 Air France Flight AF 447 Accident in 2009 87 6.2.10 Turkish Airways Flight TK1951 Accident Near Amsterdam in 2009 89 6.3 Society 91 6.3.1 Mine Accident at Lengede in Germany in 1963 91 6.3.2 Collapse of Terminal 2E of Roissy Airport at Paris in 2004 92 6.3.3 Escape of a Gorilla in a Zoological Garden at Rotterdam in The Netherlands in 2007 95 7 The Risks of Enclosed Spaces 98 7.1 Introduction 98 7.2 Transport 99 Lethal accident aboard the Dutch ship Lady Irina in 2013 7.3 Industry 104 Lethal accident during maintenance of a phosphorus furnace at Flushing in The Netherlands in 2009 7.4 Society 111 7.4.1 Fire in a Nightclub at West Warwick, Rhode Island in the United States in 2013 111 7.4.2 Slurry Silo at Makkinga in The Netherlands in 2013 112 8 Examples from the Chemical Industry 121 8.1 Introduction 121 8.2 Runaway Reaction at T2 Laboratories at Jacksonville, Florida in the United States in 2007 122 8.3 Reactions with Epoxides 124 8.4 Explosions at Shell Moerdijk at Moerdijk in The Netherlands in 2014 125 8.5 DSM Melamine Plant Explosion at Geleen in The Netherlands in 2003 131 8.6 Dryer Explosion in a Dow Plant at King’s Lynn, Norfolk in the United Kingdom in 1976 136 9 Gas Explosions 140 9.1 Introduction 140 9.2 Flashing Inflammable Liquids 141 9.3 Mexico City in 1984 143 9.4 Nijmegen in The Netherlands in 1978 147 9.5 Los Alfaques in Spain in 1978 151 9.6 Viareggio in Italy in 2009 153 9.7 A Narrow Escape at Tilburg in The Netherlands in 2015 154 9.8 Diemen in The Netherlands in 2014 160 10 Nuclear Power Stations 167 10.1 Introduction 167 10.1.1 General 167 10.1.2 Physics 168 10.2 Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) and Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) 170 10.2.1 Introduction 170 10.2.2 PWR 172 10.2.3 BWR 174 10.3 Three Mile Island (TMI) 175 10.4 Fukushima Unit 1 180 10.5 High‐Temperature Gas‐Cooled Reactors (HTGRs) 186 10.5.1 Introduction 186 10.5.2 Safety Aspects of HTGRs 189 10.5.3 PBR 190 10.5.4 Prismatic Block Reactor 196 10.5.5 Comparison Between PBR and Prismatic Block Reactor 198 10.6 Comparison Between Light Water Reactors (LWRs, i.e. PWRs and BWRs) and HTGRs 199 Index 203

Read more less

Book SynopsisIntroduction to Global Health Promotion addresses a breadth and depth of public health topics that students and emerging professionals in the field must understand as the world's burden of disease changes with non-communicable diseases on the rise in low- and middle-income countries as their middle class populations grow.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Acknowledgments xix The Editors xxi SOPHE xxv The Contributors xxvii Chapter 1 The State of Global Health 1Richard Skolnik Chapter 2 Global Health Promotion: The State of the Science 31David V. McQueen Chapter 3 Global Health Promotion and the Social Determinants of Health 49Kumanan Rasanathan and Alyssa Sharkey Chapter 4 Models of Health Behavior Change: International Applications 65Rick S. Zimmerman, Zhiwen Xiao, Purnima Mehrotra, and Charles Roy Chapter 5 Two Health Communication Approaches: Communication for Behavioral Impact (COMBI) and Entertainment Education 99Everold N. Hosein, May G. Kennedy, and Sandra de Castro Buffington Chapter 6 Global Health Promotion in the Context of Human Rights 129Elvira Beracochea and Lubna Ahmed Chapter 7 eHealth and Global Health Promotion 145Sheana S. Bull, Gretchen Domek, and Deborah Thomas Chapter 8 Reducing Maternal and Infant Mortality: Meeting a Global Challenge 173Padmini Murthy Chapter 9 Malaria Prevention and Control 191Fouzia Farooq and Elke S. Bergmann-Leitner Chapter 10 Global Immunization Initiatives from a Health Promotion Perspective 209Marilyn E. Rice, Jon K. Andrus, Virginia Swezy, and Rick S. Zimmerman Chapter 11 The Evolving Global HIV Pandemic: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Future Priorities 239Ralph J. DiClemente, Puja Seth, and Purnima Mehrotra Chapter 12 Community-Based Risk Communication in Epidemics and Emerging Disease Settings 271Renata Schiavo, Karen M. Hilyard, and Ewart C. Skinner Chapter 13 Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs): Moving Toward Health Promotion 303C. James Hospedales, Andr´e Pascal Kengne, Branka Legetic, and Adriana Blanco Marquizo Chapter 14 Women's Cancers 339Silvana Luciani and Irene Agurto Chapter 15 Health Promotion in Families and Communities: An Integrated Approach from Latin America and the Caribbean 363Fernando Zacarias, Adrian Diaz, Manuel Pena, Adela Paez Jimenez, Leticia Martinez, and Gina Tambini Chapter 16 Oral Health Promotion 383Margaret Scarlett and Gary L. Kreps Chapter 17 Adaptation and Implementation of Public Health Innovations in Developing Countries 425Bonita Stanton, Xiaoming Li, and Linda Kaljee Chapter 18 Health Promotion in the Global Setting: The Role of International Organizations and Governments 445John (Jack) Bryant and F. Curtiss Swezy Chapter 19 The Future of Global Health Promotion 467Rick S. Zimmerman, Jon K. Andrus, and C. James Hospedales Author Index 491 Subject Index 499

Read more less

Book SynopsisA quick, easy-to-consult source of practical overviews on wide-ranging issues of concern for those responsible for the health and safety of workers This new and completely revised edition of the popular Handbook is an ideal, go-to resource for those who need to anticipate, recognize, evaluate, and control conditions that can cause injury or illness to employees in the workplace. Devised as a how-to guide, it offers a mix of theory and practice while adding new and timely topics to its core chapters, including prevention by design, product stewardship, statistics for safety and health, safety and health management systems, safety and health management of international operations, and EHS auditing. The new edition of Handbook of Occupational Safety and Health has been rearranged into topic sections to better categorize the flow of the chapters. Starting with a general introduction on management, it works its way up from recognition of hazards Table of ContentsContributors vii Foreword ix Part I Recognition and Control of Hazards 1 1. Recognition of Health Hazards in the Workplace 3Martin R. Horowitz and Marilyn F. Hallock 2. Information Resources for Occupational Safety and Health Professionals 37Ralph Stuart, James Stewart, and Robert Herrick 3. Ergonomics: Achieving System Balance Through Ergonomic Analysis and Control 49Graciela M. Perez 4. Evaluation of Exposure to Chemical Agents 89Jerry Lynch and Charles Chelton 5. Statistical Methods for Occupational Exposure Assessment 125David L. Johnson 6. Evaluation and Management of Exposure to Infectious Agents 147Janet M. Macher, Deborah Gold, Patricia Cruz, Jennifer L. Kyle, Timur S. Durrani, and Dennis Shusterman 7. Occupational Dermatoses 199David E. Cohen 8. Indoor Air Quality in Nonindustrial Occupational Environments 231Philip R. Morey and Richard Shaughnessy 9. Occupational Noise Exposure and Hearing Conservation 261Charles P. Lichtenwalner and Kevin Michael 10. Heat Stress 335Anne M. Venetta Richard and Ralph Collipi, Jr. 11. Radiation: Nonionizing and Ionizing Sources 359Donald L. Haes, Jr., and Mitchell S. Galanek 12. Enterprise Risk Management: An Integrated Approach 381Chris Laszcz‐Davis 13. Safety and Health in Product Stewardship 425Thomas Grumbles Part II General Control Practices 435 14. Prevention Through Design 437Frank M. Renshaw 15. How to Select and Use Personal Protective Equipment 469Richard J. Nill 16. Respiratory Protective Devices 495James S. Johnson 17. How to Establish Industrial Loss Prevention and Fire Protection 531Peter M. Bochnak 18. Philosophy and Management of Engineering Control 569Pamela Greenley and William A. Burgess 19. Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Auditing 613Andrew McIntyre, Harmony Scofield, and Steven Trammell Part III Management Approaches 639 20. Addressing Legal Requirements and Other Compliance Obligations 641Thea Dunmire 21. Occupational Safety and Health Management 653Fred A. Manuele 22. Effective Safety and Health Management Systems: Management Roles and Responsibilities 671Fred A. Manuele 23. Safety and Health Management of International Operations 691S. Z. Mansdorf 24. The Systems Approach to Managing Occupational Health and Safety 701Victor M. Toy Index 717

Read more less

Book SynopsisWinner of the Council Chair''s Choice Award at the 2019 British Medical Association Awards.Cancer Prevention and Screeningoffers physicians and all clinical healthcare professionals a comprehensive, useful source of the latest information on cancer screening and prevention with both a global and a multidisciplinary perspective. Includes background information on epidemiology, cancer prevention, and cancer screening, for quick reference Offers the latest information for clinical application of the most recent techniques in prevention and screening of all major and many lesser cancer types Emphasises the importance of multidisciplinary teamwork in cancer screening Highlights frequent dilemmas and difficulties encountered during cancer screening Provides clear-cut clinical strategies for optimal patient education, communication, and compliance with cancer prevention techniques Table of ContentsList of contributors vii Foreword xi Prologue xiii 1 Global perspectives surrounding cancer prevention and screening 1Peter David Sasieni and Donald Maxwell Parkin 2 Public health perspectives surrounding cancer prevention and screening: The Ontario edition 19Linda Rabeneck and Arlinda Ruco 3 Cancer screening: A general perspective 31Otis W. Brawley 4 The balance of cancer screening risks and benefits 41Julietta Patnick 5 Cancer screening issues in black and ethnic minority populations 51Otis W. Brawley 6 Public awareness of cancer screening 57Jane Wardle and Laura A.V. Marlow 7 Public understanding of cancer prevention 69Jessica Kirby and Sarah Woolnough 8 Cervical cancer screening: An exemplar of a population screening programme and cervical cancer prevention 81Albert Singer and Ashfaq Khan 9 Prevention of and screening for anal cancer 101Andrew E. Grulich Richard J. Hillman and Isobel M. Poynten 10 The prevention of breast cancer 111Anthony Howell Michelle N. Harvie Sacha J. Howell Louise S. Donnelly and D. Gareth Evans 11 Breast cancer: Population and targeted screening 129Fiona J. Gilbert Fleur Kilburn‐Toppin Valerie D.V. Sankatsing and Harry J de Koning 12 Prostate cancer prevention 145Evan Kovac Andrew J. Stephenson Margaret G. House Eric A. Klein, and Howard L. Parnes 13 Population screening for prostate cancer 171Richard J. Bryant Monique J. Roobol and Freddie C. Hamdy 14 Colon cancer prevention 183John Burn and Harsh Sheth 15 Colon cancer screening 203David F. Ransohoff 16 Lung cancer prevention 217Jonathan M. Samet 17 Lung cancer screening 237Christine D. Berg Kwun M. Fong and Henry M. Marshall 18 Mesothelioma: Screening in the modern age 257Joanna Sesti Sabina Musovic Jessica S. Donington and Harvey I. Pass 19 Skin cancer prevention and screening 275Mark Elwood and Terry Slevin 20 Screening and prevention of oral cancer 295Apurva Garg Pankaj Chaturvedi and Rajiv Sarin 21 Oesophageal cancer 309Timothy J. Underwood 22 Hepatocellular carcinoma: Prevention and screening 317Aileen Marshall and Tim Meyer 23 Ovarian cancer prevention and screening 331Aleksandra Gentry‐Maharaj Michelle Griffin and Usha Menon 24 Screening for testicular cancer 349Kevin Litchfield Clare Turnbull and Robert A. Huddart 25 Issues in paediatric cancers 361Jonah Himelfarb and David Malkin 26 Obesity and dietary approaches to cancer prevention 381Andrew G. Renehan 27 Risk profiling for cancer prevention and screening – lessons for the future 403Rosalind A. Eeles Paul Pharoah Alison Hall Susmita Chowdhury,and Hilary Burton 28 Cancer prevention and screening: Advances to carry forward 417Christine D. Berg Rosalind A. Eeles and Jeffrey S. Tobias Index 425

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe second edition of this concise and practical guide describes infections in geographical areas and provides information on disease risk, concomitant infections (such as co-prevalence of HIV and tuberculosis) and emerging bacterial, viral and parasitic infections in a given geographical area of the world. Geographic approach means that it?s the only book to guide the health care worker towards a diagnosis based on the location of symptoms and travel history by encouraging the question ?where have you been?? New content covering MERS, Ebola, Zika, and infections transmitted during air and maritime travel Covers the major infectious disease outbreaks framed in their geographic setting such as H7N9 ?bird flu? influenza, H1N1, Ebola, and Zika Outstanding international editor team with vast experience on various international infectious disease and as journal editors and key leaders in infection surveillance Trade Review"This is the second edition of the only book that currently approaches patients based on geography and type and duration of symptoms. It presents the information in an easy-to-read format and has many tables dividing the diseases into common, less common, and rare. This is a welcome update that covers several emerging diseases such as MERS and Zika viral infections and includes two new chapters describing infections acquired during sea and air travel" Winnie Ooi, MD, MPH, DMD, Harvard Medical School on belahlf of Doody’sTable of ContentsList of contributors, viii Foreword to the first edition by Alan J. Magill (deceased), xv Foreword to the second edition by Jay S. Keystone, xvii Preface, xix Envoi, xxi 1 Historical overview of global infectious diseases and geopolitics, 1Francis. E.G. Cox and Frank J. Bia 2 Nontraditional infectious diseases surveillance systems, 12Davidson H. Hamer, Kamran Khan, Matthew German, and Lawrence C. Madoff 3 Air travel−which infectious disease control measures are worthwhile?, 25Karen J. Marienau 4 Infectious illnesses on cruise and cargo ships, 35Joanna J. Regan, J. Scott Vega, and Clive M. Brown 5 Microbes on the move: prevention, required vaccinations, curtailment, outbreak, 45Patricia Schlagenhauf-Lawlor, Giles Poumerol, and Francisco Santos-O’Connor 6 Diagnostic tests and procedures, 55Eskild Petersen and Tom Boyles 7 Central Africa, 78Gerd D. Burchard and Martin P. Grobusch 8 East Africa: Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands, 93Philippe Gautret and Philippe Parola 9 Eastern Africa, 104Andreas Neumayr and Christoph Hatz 10 North Africa, 124Philippe Gautret, Nadjet Mouffok, and Philippe Parola 11 Southern Africa, 137Marc Mendelson, Olga Perovic, and Lucille Blumberg 12 West Africa, 154Boubacar Maiga and Patrick Ayeh-Kumi 13 East Asia, 167Bin Cao, Fei Zhou, and Mikio Kimura 14 South Central Asia, 185Holy Murphy, Gulzhan Abuova, and Prativa Pandey 15 South-east Asia, 203Daniel H. Paris and Nicholas J. White 16 Western Asia and the Middle East, 220Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Seif S. Al-Abri, and Ziad A. Memish 17 Eastern Europe, 235Natalia Pshenichnaya, Malgorzata Paul, and Alexander Erovichenkov 18 Northern Europe, 257Birgitta Evengard, Audrone Marcinkute, and Eskild Petersen 19 Southern Europe, 269Francesco Castelli, Androula Pavli, and Pier Francesco Giorgetti 20 Western Europe, 278Peter J. de Vries and Eric Caumes 21 The Caribbean, 302Elizabeth A. Talbot and Laura E. Shevy 22 Central America, 317Larry I. Lutwick and Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales 23 South America, 335Rodrigo Nogueira Angerami, Luiz Jacintho da Silva, and Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales 24 Northern America, 356Barbra M. Blair, Philip R. Fischer, Michael Libman, and Lin H. Chen 25 Australia, New Zealand, 375Karin Leder, Joseph Torresi, and Marc Shaw 26 Oceania, 390Karin Leder, Joseph Torresi, and Marc Shaw 27 Arctic and Antarctica, 404Anders Koch, Michael G. Bruce, and Karin Ladefoged 28 The immunosuppressed patient, 419Brian T. Montague, Christopher M. Salas, Terri L. Montague, and Maria D. Mileno 29 Emerging infections, 446Mary E. Wilson 30 Migration and the geography of disease, 459Rogelio López-Vélez, Francesca F. Norman, and José-Antonio Pérez-Molina 31 Climate change and the geographical distribution of infectious diseases, 470Ashwin Swaminathan, Elvina Viennet, Anthony J. McMichael, and David Harley List of abbreviations, 481 Index, 484

Read more less

Book SynopsisA Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Organizational Psychology focusing on occupational safety and workplace health. The editors draw on their collective experience to present thematically structured material from leading thinkers and practitioners in the USA, Europe, and Asia PacificProvides comprehensive coverage of the major contributions that psychology can make toward the improvement of workplace safety and employee healthEquips those who need it most with cutting-edge research on key topics including wellbeing, safety culture, safety leadership, stress, bullying, workplace health promotion and proactivityTable of ContentsAbout the Editors vii About the Contributors viii Foreword by Professor Lois E. Tetrick xiv Series Editor Preface xvi Railway Children xviii 1 The Psychology of Occupational Safety and Workplace health 1 Sharon Clarke, Tahira M. Probst, Frank Guldenmund, and Jonathan Passmore Part I Occupational Safety 13 2 Personality and Individual Differences 15 Mickey B. Smith, Patti Jordan, and J. Craig Wallace 3 The Mediating Effects of Behavior 38 Jeff Foster and Stephen B. Nichols 4 The Influence of Peer Norms 61 Sílvia Agostinho Silva and Carla Santos Fugas 5 Safety Leadership 83 Jennifer H. K. Wong, E. Kevin Kelloway, and Daniel W. Makhan 6 Trust-Based Approaches to Safety and Productivity 111 Stacey M. Conchie, Helena E. Woodcock, and Paul J. Taylor 7 Jobs and Safety Behavior 133 Nik Chmiel and Isabelle Hansez Part II Workplace Health and Well-Being 155 8 The Job Demands-Resources Model 157 Toon W. Taris and Wilmar B. Schaufeli 9 Working Hours, Health, and Well-Being 181 Michael P. O’Driscoll and Maree Roche 10 Exposure to Aggression in the Workplace 205 Morten Birkeland Nielsen, Helge Hoel, Dieter Zapf, and Ståle Einarsen 11 Proactivity for Mental Health and Well-Being 228 Francesco Cangiano and Sharon K. Parker 12 Employee Well-Being and Safety Behaviors 251 Jonathon R. B. Halbesleben and Tom Bellairs 13 Organizational Climate 272 Sara Guediri and Mark A. Griffin Part III Improving Occupational Safety and Workplace Health in Organizations 299 14 Behavior-Based Approaches to Occupational Safety 301 E. Scott Geller and Zechariah J. Robinson 15 Safety Training 327 Michael J. Burke and Caitlin E. Smith Sockbeson 16 Safety Climate and Supervisory-Based Interventions 357 Gil Luria 17 Workplace Health Promotion 377 Arla Day and Thomas Helson 18 Psychosocial Safety Climate 414 Amy Zadow and Maureen F. Dollard 19 Organizational Safety Culture 437 Frank Guldenmund 20 Patient Safety Culture 459 Andrea Bishop, Mark Fleming, and Rhona Flin 21 Managing Uncertainty in High-Risk Environments 485 Gudela Grote 22 Risk Management 506 A. Ian Glendon Index 530

Read more less

Book SynopsisA PRACTICAL GUIDE TO VULVAL DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO VULVAL DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT Patients with vulval disease frequently experience delays in diagnosis due to a lack of training for physicians. A Practical Guide to Vulval Disease: Diagnosis and Management offers practical, up-to-date and expert guidance on the diagnosis and management of vulval disorders. It provides the knowledge required for diagnosis and treatment of these conditions at both trainee and specialist level. Key information about diagnosis, investigation and basic management is included, with a section on signs and symptoms to direct the reader to the appropriate chapter for the particular disease. Current classification and terminology of vulval disease is featured, along with guidance on when a patient should be referred to a specialist. Well illustrated, with 185 high quality photographs, this user-friendly clinical guidebook integrates clinical aTable of ContentsAcknowledgements xvii 1 The Normal Vulva 1 Normal Vulval Anatomy 1 Normal Vulval and Vaginal Flora 4 Further Reading 4 Normal Anatomical Variants 4 Normal Changes Over the Lifetime 6 Childhood 6 Pregnancy 6 Menopause 6 Further Reading 7 2 Taking a History and Examination 9 Taking a History 9 General Medical History 9 Gynaecological History 10 Dermatological History 10 Vulval History 10 Examination of the Vulva 11 Further Reading 13 3 How to Take a Vulval Biopsy and the Importance of Clinico‐Pathological Correlation 15 Incisional Biopsy 16 Fixation of the Biopsy 20 Further Reading 21 4 Basic Histology of the Vulva 23 Special Histological Stains 24 Immunohistochemical Stains 26 Other Tests 27 Further Reading 28 5 Investigations in Vulval Disease 29 Investigations for Infection 29 Bacterial Swabs 29 Viral Swabs 29 Fungal Scrapings 29 Wood’s Light Examination 32 Serological Tests 32 Investigations for Allergy 32 Rast Tests 32 Prick Tests 32 Patch Tests (see Chapter 9) 32 Investigations for Inflammatory Disease 33 Direct Immunofluorescence 33 Indirect Immunofluorescence 34 Imaging Investigations 34 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 34 Further Reading 34 6 Topical Treatment in Vulval Disease 35 Introduction 35 General Principles 35 Lotions 35 Gels 36 Ointments 36 Creams 36 Pastes 36 Topical Treatments Used for Vulval Disease 36 Emollient 37 Topical Steroids 38 Adverse Effects 38 Topical Steroids in Pregnancy 41 Antiseptics 41 Antibacterials 42 Antifungals 42 Barriers 42 Others 42 Podophyllotoxin 42 Imiquimod 42 Calcineurin Inhibitors 43 Tar 44 Emla ® 44 Practice Points 44 Further Reading 44 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 44 7 Symptoms in Vulval Disease 45 Pruritis (Itch) 45 Causes of Vulval Pruritis 46 Soreness 46 Pain 47 Dyspareunia 48 Discharge 48 No Symptoms 49 Useful Web Site for Patient Information 49 8 Signs in Vulval Disease 51 Differential Diagnosis Based on Appearance 51 Algorithms 51 Further Reading 56 9 Eczema, Allergy and the Vulva 57 Seborrhoeic Eczema 57 Incidence 57 Pathophysiology 57 Symptoms 58 Clinical Features 58 Basic Management 58 When to Refer 58 Practice Points 59 Further Reading 59 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 59 Allergic Contact Eczema / Dermatitis 59 Introduction 59 Incidence 59 Pathophysiology 60 Patch Testing (see Chapter 5) 60 Symptoms 60 Clinical Features 60 Basic Management 60 Who to Refer for Patch Testing 60 Practice Points 61 Further Reading 61 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 62 Irritant Eczema / Dermatitis 62 Introduction 62 Incidence 62 Pathophysiology 63 Histological Features 63 Symptoms 63 Clinical Features 63 Basic Management 64 When to Refer 64 Practice Points 64 Further Reading 64 Urticaria 64 Allergic Contact Urticaria 64 Clinical Features 65 Management 65 References 65 10 Psoriasis 67 Introduction 67 Incidence 67 Pathophysiology 67 Histological Features 67 Symptoms 68 Clinical Features 68 Basic Management 69 When to Refer 72 Practice Points 73 Further Reading 73 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 73 11 Lichen Simplex 75 Introduction 75 Epidemiology 75 Incidence 75 Pathophysiology 75 Histological Features 76 Symptoms 76 Clinical Features 76 Basic Management 77 When to Refer 78 Practice Points 78 Further Reading 79 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 79 12 Lichen Sclerosus 81 Introduction 81 Incidence 81 Pathophysiology 81 Genetic 82 Epigenetics 82 Autoimmunity 82 Hormonal Factors 82 Infection 82 Trauma 82 Role of the Skin Immune System 82 Histological Features 82 Symptoms 83 Clinical Features 83 Associated Disease 90 Risk of Malignancy 90 Basic Management 92 Follow Up 92 When to Refer 92 Practice Points 93 Further Reading 93 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 93 13 Lichen Planus 95 Introduction 95 Epidemiology 95 Incidence 95 Pathophysiology 95 Histological Features 96 Clinical Features of Lichen Planus 96 Vulval Lichen Planus 98 Classic LP 98 Hypertrophic LP 98 Erosive LP 98 Risk of Malignancy 99 Basic Management 100 When to Refer 101 Practice Points 102 Further Reading 102 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 102 14 Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Crohn’s Disease 103 Hidradenitis Suppurativa 103 Introduction 103 Epidemiology 103 Incidence 103 Pathophysiology 103 Histological Features 103 Symptoms 104 Clinical Features 104 Basic Management 105 Medical Management 105 Surgery 105 When to Refer 105 Practice Points 106 Further Reading 106 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 106 Crohn’s Disease 106 Introduction 106 Epidemiology 106 Pathophysiology 107 Histological Features 107 Symptoms 107 Clinical Features 107 Basic Management 109 When to Refer 109 Practice Points 109 Further Reading 110 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 110 15 Disorders of Pigmentation on the Vulva 111 Introduction 111 Postinflammatory Pigmentation 111 Post‐Traumatic Pigmentation 111 Acanthosis Nigricans 111 Management 113 Melanosis 114 Pigmented Lesions 115 History and Examination 115 Other Techniques 116 Lentigines 116 Benign Naevi 116 Atypical Genital Naevi 117 Seborrhoeic Keratoses 117 Pigmented Basal Cell Carcinoma 118 Hypopigmentation 118 Vitiligo 118 When to Refer 119 Practice Points 119 Further Reading 119 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 120 16 Other Dermatoses 121 Genetic Disorders 121 Hailey–Hailey Disease (Familial Benign Chronic Pemphigus) 121 Management 121 When to Refer 121 Practice Points 121 Further Reading 122 Useful Web Site for Patient Information 122 Auto‐Immune Bullous Disease 123 Practice Points 126 Further Reading 126 Drug Eruptions 126 Fixed Drug Eruption 126 Common Drugs Causing a Fixed Drug Eruption 126 Further Reading 126 Useful Web Site for Patient Information 126 Stevens–Johnson Syndrome 127 Symptoms 127 Clinical Features 127 Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis 127 Symptoms 127 Clinical Features 127 Basic Management 127 Further Reading 128 Useful Web Site for Patient Information 128 Manifestations of Underlying Disease 128 Necrolytic Migratory Erythema 128 Symptoms 129 Clinical Features 129 Basic Management 129 Further Reading 129 Acrodermatitis Enteropathica 129 Clinical Features 129 Basic Management 129 Practice Point 130 Further Reading 130 Inflammatory Ulcers 130 Aphthous Ulcers 130 Clinical Features 130 Management 130 Practice Point 130 Behcet’s Syndrome 130 Further Reading 132 Useful Resources 132 Lipschutz Ulceration 132 Clinical Features 132 Basic Management 133 Further Reading 133 Others 133 Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease 133 Further Reading 134 Zoon’s Vulvitis (Plasma Cell Vulvitis) 134 Histology 134 Symptoms 134 Clinical Features 135 Basic Management 135 Further Reading 135 Vulvovaginal Adenosis 135 Further Reading 135 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis 136 Further Reading 136 17 Vulval Infection – Sexually Transmitted 137 Normal Flora 137 Trichomoniasis 137 Pathophysiology 137 Clinical Features 138 Diagnosis 138 Basic Management 138 Further Reading 138 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 138 Chlamydia 139 Clinical Features 139 Diagnosis 139 Treatment 139 Further Reading 139 Useful Web Site for Patient Information 139 Lymphogranuloma Venereum 139 Clinical Features 140 Diagnosis 140 Treatment 140 Further Reading 140 Useful Web Site for Patient Information 140 Gonorrhoea 140 Clinical Features 140 Diagnosis 140 Treatment 141 Further Reading 141 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 141 Syphilis 141 Pathophysiology 141 Clinical Features 141 Treatment 142 Further Reading 142 Useful Web Site for Patient Information 142 Chancroid 142 Pathophysiology 142 Clinical Features 143 Treatment 143 Further Reading 143 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 143 Donovanosis (Granuloma Inguinale) 143 Clinical Features 143 Diagnosis 143 Treatment 143 Further Reading 144 Useful Web Site for Patient Information 144 Herpes Simplex Infection 144 Incidence 144 Pathophysiology 144 Clinical Features 144 Differential Diagnosis 145 Diagnosis 146 Basic Management 146 Hsv Infection and Pregnancy 146 Further Reading 147 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 147 Human Papillomavirus Infection 147 Epidemiology 147 Pathophysiology 148 The Concept of Vulval Subclinical Lesion 148 Histology 148 Clinical Features 149 Diagnosis 149 Treatment 150 Hpv Vaccine 150 Genital Warts in Children 150 Further Reading 150 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 150 Molluscum Contagiosum 150 Symptoms 151 Clinical Appearance 151 Diagnosis 151 Treatment 151 Further Reading 152 Useful Web Site for Patient Information 152 Scabies 152 Clinical Features 152 Diagnosis 152 Treatment 153 Further Reading 153 Useful Web Site for Patient Information 153 Pubic Lice 153 Clinical Features 153 Treatment 153 Useful Web Site for Patient Information 153 18 Vulval Infection – Nonsexually Transmitted 155 Bacterial Infections 155 Bacterial Vaginosis 155 Clinical Features 155 Diagnosis 155 Treatment 155 Further Reading 157 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 157 Erythrasma 157 Clinical Features 157 Differential Diagnosis 157 Diagnosis 158 Basic Management 158 Useful Web Site for Patient Information 158 Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Infections 158 Folliculitis 159 Pathophysiology 159 Clinical Features 159 Diagnosis 159 Basic Management 159 Further Reading 159 Bartholin Abscess 159 Clinical Features 160 Differential Diagnosis 160 Basic Management 160 Drainage of the Abscess 160 Marsupialization 160 Further Reading 160 Other Staphylococcal Infections 161 Toxic Shock Syndrome 161 Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome 161 Cellulitis 161 Clinical Features 161 Diagnosis 161 Differential Diagnosis 161 Other Streptococcal Infections 161 Further Reading 162 Vulvovaginal Candidiasis 162 Pathophysiology 162 Clinical Features 163 Differential Diagnosis 163 Diagnosis 164 Treatment 164 Further Reading 164 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 164 Tinea Cruris 165 Pathophysiology 165 Clinical Features 165 Differential Diagnosis 165 Diagnosis 166 Basic Management 166 Further Reading 166 Useful Web Site for Patient Information 166 Viral Infections 166 Varicella Zoster (Shingles) 166 19 Vulval Intraepithelial Neoplasia 167 Introduction 167 Epidemiology 167 Aetiology 168 Prevention 168 Histological Features 168 Symptoms 169 Clinical Features 169 Management 173 Progression 174 Melanoma in situ 176 When to Refer 176 Practice Points 176 Further Reading 177 Useful Web Site for Patient Information 177 20 Extramammary Paget’s Disease 179 Introduction 179 Epidemiology 179 Histological Features 179 Classification 180 Symptoms 181 Clinical Features 181 Management 183 Recurrences 185 Progression 185 Follow Up 186 When to Refer 186 Practice Points 186 Further Reading 186 Useful Web Site for Patient Information 187 21 Vulval Squamous Cell Carcinoma 189 Introduction 189 Epidemiology 189 Aetiology / Histology 189 Symptoms and Clinical Features 190 Management 190 Surgery 190 Complications 191 Radiotherapy 192 Follow Up 193 Prognosis 193 When to Refer 193 Practice Points 193 Further Reading 194 Useful Web Site for Patient Information 194 22 Other Vulval Cancers 195 Basal Cell Carcinoma 195 Epidemiology 195 Incidence 195 Pathophysiology 195 Histological Features 195 Symptoms 196 Clinical Features 196 Basic Management 196 When to Refer 196 Practice Points 197 Further Reading 197 Useful Web Site for Patient Information 197 Malignant Melanoma 197 Epidemiology 198 Pathophysiology 198 Histological Features 198 Symptoms 198 Clinical Features 198 Basic Management 198 Further Reading 199 Other Malignant Tumours and the Vulva 200 Further Reading 200 23 Vulvodynia 201 Definition 201 Epidemiology 201 Pathophysiology 203 Psychological Aspects of Vulvodynia 203 Histology 204 Symptoms 204 Signs 204 Diagnosis 205 Management 205 Local Topical Pain Modifiers 205 Systemic Pain Modifiers 205 Physical Therapy 206 Psychosexual Therapy 207 Surgical Treatment 207 Further Reading 207 Useful Web Sites for Patient Information 207 24 Psychosexual Aspects of Vulval Disease 209 Clinical Psychological Assessment 210 Further Reading 210 25 Benign Lesions 211 Epidermoid Cysts 211 Comedones 211 Syringomata 211 Hidradenoma Papilliferum 213 Lymphangioma / Lymphangiectasia 214 Further Reading 214 Index 215

Read more less

Book SynopsisA practical introduction to participatory program evaluation Evaluating Public and Community Health Programs provides a comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice of evaluation, with a participatory model that brings stakeholders together for the good of the program.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Acknowledgments xv 1 An Introduction To Public and Community Health Evaluation 1 Overview of Evaluation 3 Levels of Evaluation 5 Preassessment Evaluations 6 The Participatory Approach to Evaluation 8 The Participatory Model for Evaluation 10 The Precursors to Program Evaluation 12 Cultural Considerations in Evaluation 17 Summary 21 Discussion Questions and Activities 22 Key Terms 22 2 The Community Assessment: An Overview 23 Theoretical Considerations 26 The Ecological Model 29 Data Collection 31 Data Sources 42 Reviewing the Scientific Literature 49 The Report 50 Stakeholders’ Participation in Community Assessments 52 Summary 53 Discussion Questions and Activities 54 Key Terms 54 3 Developing Initiatives: An Overview 55 The Organization’s Mission 58 Planning the Initiative 59 Incorporate Theory 60 Goals and Objectives 64 The Initiative’s Activities 71 Use Existing Evidence-Based Programs 75 The Program’s Theory of Change 77 The Logic Model Depicting the Theory of Change 77 Criteria for Successful Initiatives 81 Stakeholders’ Participation in Planning and Developing Initiatives 82 Summary 82 Discussion Questions and Activities 83 Key Terms 84 4 Planning For Evaluation: Purpose and Processes 85 The Timing of the Evaluation 86 The Purpose of Evaluation 87 The Contract for Evaluation 90 The Evaluation Team 91 Evaluation Standards 93 Managing the Evaluation Process 94 Factors That Influence the Evaluation Process 100 Planning for Ethical Program Evaluation 103 Involving Stakeholders 104 Creating and Maintaining Effective Partnerships 105 Summary 109 Discussion Questions and Activities 110 Key Terms 110 5 Designing the Evaluation: Part 1: Describing the Program or Policy 111 The Context of the Initiative 114 The Social, Political, and Economic Environment 116 The Organizational Structure and Resources 117 The Initiative and Its Relationship to the Organization 118 The Stage of Development of the Initiative 118 Data Access and Availability 119 The Program Initiative 119 The Policy Initiatives 125 Summary 131 Discussion Questions and Activities 132 Key Terms 132 6 Designing the Evaluation: Part 2a: Process Evaluation 133 Purposes of Process Evaluation 135 Key Issues in Process Evaluation 137 Selecting Questions for Process Evaluation 146 Resources for Evaluation 152 Measuring Resources, Processes, and Outputs 153 Tools for Process Evaluation 155 Ethical and Cultural Considerations 157 Summary 168 Discussion Questions and Activities 169 Key Terms 169 7 Designing the Evaluation: Part 2b: Outcome Evaluation 171 The Relationship Between Process and Outcome Evaluation 172 Sorting and Selecting Evaluation Questions 176 Summary 191 Discussion Questions and Activities 192 Key Terms 192 8 Collecting the Data: Quantitative 193 Quantitative Data 194 Factors Influencing Data Collection 195 Using Surveys 200 Designing Survey Instruments 206 Pilot Testing 209 Triangulation 210 Institutional Review and Ethics Boards 211 The Data Collection Team 212 Managing and Storing Data 213 Stakeholder Involvement 213 Summary 214 Discussion Questions and Activities 215 Key Terms 215 9 Collecting the Data: Qualitative 217 Qualitative Data 218 Ensuring Validity and Reliability 219 Interview-Format Approaches 221 Document and Record Review 231 Observational Approaches 233 Case Reviews 235 Digital Approaches 236 Geographic Information Systems 237 Training Data Collectors 238 Managing and Storing Qualitative Data 239 Stakeholder Involvement 239 The Data Collection Team 240 Summary 241 Discussion Questions and Activities 242 Key Terms 242 10 Analyzing and Interpreting Quantitative and Qualitative Data: Quantitative (Part 1) 243 Analyzing and Reporting Quantitative Data 244 Reaching Conclusions 249 Stakeholder Involvement 250 Summary 257 Discussion Questions and Activities 257 QUALITATIVE (PART 2) 258 Analyzing Qualitative Data 258 Interpreting the Data and Reaching Conclusions 264 The Role of Stakeholders 267 Summary 268 Discussion Questions and Activities 269 Key Terms 269 11 Reporting Evaluation Findings 271 The Content of the Report 274 The Audience for the Report 280 The Timing of the Report 281 The Format of the Report 282 Summary 286 Discussion Questions and Activities 287 Key Terms 287 12 Case Study: The Community Assessment 289 Background 289 Establish a Team 289 Determine the Availability of Data 291 Decide on the Data-Collection Approaches and Methods 292 Training 293 Resource Procurement 294 Analysis and Interpretation of the Data 294 Summary of Findings 294 The Intervention 295 Design the Evaluation 298 Collect the Data 306 Analyze and Interpret the Data 310 Report the Results 313 Discussion Questions and Activities 315 13 Case Study: Process Evaluation 317 Background 317 Theoretical Framework 318 Community Assessment Findings 319 The Evaluation Plan 326 Answering the Evaluation Question 328 Reporting the Results 338 Discussion Questions and Activities 340 A Model Agreement Between Evaluation Consultant and Team Members 341 B Model Preamble For Adult Individual Interviews 345 C Model Demographic Sheet 347 D Model Field Notes Report 349 E Model Interview Refusal Report 351 F Data Collection Training Manual Template 353 Conducting the Interview 355 G Guidelines For Completing An Evaluation Report 363 Methodology 364 References 367 Index 373

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Updated and Extensively Revised Guide to Developing Efficient Health Information Management Systems Health Information Management is the most comprehensive introduction to the study and development of health information management (HIM). Students in all areas of health care gain an unmatched understanding of the entire HIM profession and how it currently relates to the complex and continuously evolving field of health care in the United States. This brand-new Sixth Edition represents the most thorough revision to date of this cornerstone resource. Inside, a group of hand-picked HIM educators and practitioners representing the vanguard of the field provide fundamental guidelines on content and structure, analysis, assessment, and enhanced information. Fully modernized to reflect recent changes in the theory and practice of HIM, this latest edition features all-new illustrative examples and in-depth case studies, along with: Fresh anTable of ContentsAbout the Editor viiAbout the Contributors ixPreface xvAcknowledgments xvii 1 Health Information Management and the Healthcare Institution 1Felecia Williams 2 Health Record Content and Structure of the Health Record 25Linda Galocy 3 The Health Record: Electronic and Paper 55Linda Galocy 4 Healthcare Topics in Data Governance and Data Management 81Dilhari R. DeAlmeida and Suzanne Paone 5 Health Law, Data Privacy and Security, Fraud, and Abuse 105Dorinda M. Sattler 6 Informatics, Analytics, Data Use, and System Support 143Dorinda M. Sattler 7 Coding, Compliance, and Classification Systems 171Sandra K. Rains, Margaret A. Skurka, and Margie White 8 Clinical Documentation Improvement 205Sandra K. Rains 9 Revenue Cycle and Reimbursement 227Karen Wright 10 Strategic, Financial, and Organizational Management 253Janelle Wapola and Katie Kerr Index 283

Read more less

Book SynopsisCONTINGENCY PLANNING FOR INCREASED FLOODS AND DROUGHTS RESULTING FROM CLIMATE CHANGE TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH Hydrometeorological Extreme Events and Public Health outlines the links between climate change, trends in hydrometeorological extreme events, and the effects on human health, and describes new developments in health adaptation and disaster risk management. The work provides technical facts, examples of international and national approaches and scientific projects, and covers key issues such as multi-sectoral collaboration, disaster preparedness, response and recovery, as well as stakeholder involvement, and costs. Readers will find: Specific observed and projected health effects of heavy precipitation events, floods, and droughtsA comprehensive analysis of recent studies on the health costs of extreme weather eventsA discussion of the impact and interdependency of international health and climate agreements For professionals working in the areas of hydrology, disaster managemTable of ContentsList of Contributors viii Editors x Series Preface xi Foreword xiiMaíre Connolly 1 Introduction 1Ian Clark 2 Precipitation and Temperature Extremes in a Changing Climate 3Enrico Scoccimarro and Antonio Navarra 2.1 Introduction 3 2.2 Modelling Past Extreme Events to Project Future Changes 5 2.2.1 Climate Models and Simulations 5 2.2.2 Observed Changes in Precipitation and Temperature 10 2.2.3 Expected Changes for the End of the Current Century 13 2.3 Conclusions 20 References 22 3 Climate Change and Health 26Alistair Woodward 3.1 Introduction 26 3.2 The IPCC 5th Assessment Report 26 3.3 What Is New Since AR5? 30 3.4 Transition Risks 33 3.5 Co-Benefits – They are There, but Cannot be Assumed 33 3.6 Conclusion 34 References 35 4 Flooding and Public Health in a Changing Climate 38Owen Landeg 4.1 Introduction 38 4.2 Types of Floods 38 4.3 Health Impacts of Flooding 39 4.3.1 Populations at Risk 39 4.3.2 Mortality 40 4.3.3 Flooding and Mental Health 41 4.3.4 Flooding and Infectious Diseases 42 4.3.5 Displacement, Evacuation and Sheltering 44 4.4 Health System Resilience 44 4.5 Flooding and Climate Change 46 4.6 Public Health Mitigation, Planning and Prevention 46 4.7 Conclusions 47 References 47 5 The Climate Change, Disaster Risk Reduction and Health Nexus 49Demetrio Innocenti 5.1 Introduction 49 5.2 The Sendai Framework: Tackling Disaster Risk and Health at International Level 49 5.3 The Paris Agreement and the SDGS: Tackling Climate Change and Health 53 5.4 Comparative Analysis of the Three Frameworks 55 5.5 Conclusions 56 References 57 6 Preparedness and Response in View of Climate Change Impacting on Health Challenges 58Virginia Murray and Lidia Mayner 6.1 Introduction 58 6.2 The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 59 6.2.1 Paris Agreement on Climate Change and Emergency Preparedness 60 6.3 Sustainable Development Goals 61 6.4 What are Hydrometeorological Extreme Events and How are They Defined? 62 6.5 Public Health Risk Management in Relation to Hydrological Extreme Events 64 6.5.1 International Health Regulations 2005 64 6.5.2 WHO Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management Framework 2019 65 6.6 Public Health Risk Management – Some Specific Hydrometeorological Events Issues 67 6.6.1 Infectious Disease Associated with Hydrometeorological Extreme Events 67 6.6.2 Impacts of Climate Change Emergencies on Mental Health 69 6.7 Conclusions and Suggested Ways Forward 70 References 71 7 The Health Costs of Hydrometeorological Extreme Events 74Gerardo Sanchez Martinez and Paul Hudson 7.1 Introduction 74 7.2 Estimating the Economic Costs of Hydrometeorological Extreme Events 76 7.2.1 HEE Risk Assessment and Data 77 7.2.2 Methods for Valuing Health Impacts in Monetary Terms 79 7.2.3 Projections of Changes in Health and Well-Being Costs of Hydrometeorological Extreme Events Under Different Climate Change Scenarios 85 7.3 Reducing or Off-Setting the Health Costs of Hydrometeorological Extreme Events 86 7.3.1 Increasing the Resilience of Health Systems to Hydrometeorological Extreme Events 87 7.3.2 The Role of Insurance and Other Tools 88 7.3.3 Innovative Funding Sources 89 7.4 Conclusions and Recommendations 90 References 92 8 Conclusions and Perspectives 99Franziska Matthies-Wiesler and Philippe Quevauviller 8.1 Climate Change Mitigation Vs. Adaptation 99 8.2 Solution-Oriented Research 101 8.3 Community-Building 102 8.4 Strengthening International Partnerships 103 8.5 Perspectives 105 References 107 Index 109

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis new volume provides a timely study on the environmental challenges from a specific class of perfluorinated chemical compounds (PFCs) that are now being recognized as a worldwide health threat. Recent studies report that levels of classes of PFCs known as polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl (PFASs) exceed federally recommended safety levels in public drinking-water supplies for 6 million people in the United States and that as many as 100 million people could be at risk from exposure to these chemicals. These chemicals occur globally in wildlife and humans. Both PFCAs and PFSAs have been produced for more than 50 years, but have only become of interest to regulators and environmentalists since the late 1990s. Recent advances in analytical methodology has enabled widespread detection in the environment and humans at trace levels. These toxic chemicals have been found in outdoor and indoor air, surface and drinking water, house dust, animal tissue, human blood serum, and humTable of ContentsPreface ix About the Author xv Abbreviations and Acronyms xvii Useful Conversion Factors xxi 1 What Fluoropolymers Are 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Evolution of Fluoropolymers and the Markets 3 1.3 PFAS Compounds 6 1.3.1 General Description 6 1.3.2 How They Are Made 10 1.3.3 The Proliferation of PFAS 15 1.4 Terminology 17 References 19 2 Definitions, Uses, and Evolution of PFCs 21 2.1 Perfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs) Of Interest 21 2.2 The PFC Family 43 2.3 PFOS 44 2.4 PFOA 49 2.5 Fluorotelomers 50 References 52 3 Fire Fighting Foams 55 3.1 What AFFFs Are 55 3.2 Environmental Impacts 58 References 62 4 Health Risk Studies 63 4.1 General 63 4.2 PFOA 65 4.3 PFOS 77 4.4 EFSA – EU Food and Safety Authority Findings 77 References 90 5 Overview of the Environmental Concerns 91 5.1 Where It All Began 91 5.2 Emerging Contaminants of Concern 93 5.3 PFOS 96 5.4 PFOA 100 References 107 6 The Supply Chain and Pathways to Contamination 109 6.1 Losses Along the Supply Chain and End of Life 109 6.2 Consumer Articles 119 6.3 Consumer Exposure to PFOS and PFOA 124 References 127 7 Standards, Advisories, and Restrictions 129 7.1 Extent of Groundwater Contamination in the United States 129 7.2 The U.S. Water Quality Standards 133 7.3 Remedial Guidelines 142 7.4 Standards in Other Countries 143 7.4.1 United Kingdom 144 7.4.2 Canada 144 7.4.3 Germany 145 7.4.4 Norway 145 7.4.5 European Union (EU) 146 7.4.6 OECD 148 7.4.7 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) 149 7.4.8 United Nation’s Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) 150 References 151 8 Overview of Water Treatment Technology Options 153 8.1 Technology Options 153 8.2 Case Studies, Literature, and Technologies 156 Reference 163 9 Adsorption Technology 165 9.1 Overview 165 9.2 Activated Carbon and Other Carbonaceous Adsorbents 169 9.3 Zeolites 178 9.4 Polymeric Adsorbents 179 9.5 Oxidic Adsorbents 180 9.6 Adsorption Theory Basics and Isotherms 181 9.7 Adsorption of PFOA 186 9.8 Hardware and Operational Considerations 189 9.9 Backwashing 196 9.10 Permitting 197 9.11 Spent Carbon Management 197 9.12 Recommended References 198 References 201 10 Case Studies 203 10.1 PFOA in Southern New Hampshire 203 10.2 Former Wurtsmith Air Force Base 206 10.3 Dupont Washington Works in West Virginia 213 10.4 PFC Contamination in Minnesota 218 References 228 Index 229

Read more less

Book SynopsisEvaluates the risks and human health impacts of asbestos and other fibrous minerals Despite continuous efforts to eliminate asbestos from commercial use, it remains a serious occupational and environmental hazard. Health Risk Assessment for Asbestos and Other Fibrous Minerals provides a rigorous discussion of risk assessment methodology for elongate mineral particles, covering basics, theory, models, and practical applications, enabling readers to participate in carrying out efficient and informed health risk assessments, to estimate potential adverse effects for exposed populations, and to determine the acceptability of risks at a given level of exposure. Coverage includes: Mineralogy, health effects, pathology, exposure assessment, modeling, and characterization of risks for asbestos and similar toxic materials Necessary integration of epidemiology, toxicology, industrial hygiene, and environmental health expertise when performing a health risk

Read more less

Book SynopsisRethinking Culture in Health Communication An interdisciplinary overview of health communication using a cultural lensuniquely focused on social interactions in health contexts Patients, health professionals, and policymakers embody cultural constructs that impact healthcare processes. Rethinking Culture in Health Communication explores the ways in which culture influences healthcare, introducing new approaches to understanding social relationships and health policies as a dynamic process involving cultural values, expectations, motivations, and behavioral patterns. This innovative textbook integrates theories and practices in health communication, public health, and medicine to help students relate fundamental concepts to their personal experiences and develop an awareness of how all individuals and groups are shaped by culture. The authors present a foundational framework explaining how cultures can be understood from four perspectivesMagic ConsciousTable of ContentsAcknowledgment ix 1 Rethinking Culture in Health Communication 1 2 Cultural Consciousness I: Magic Consciousness and Emotions in Health 26 3 Cultural Consciousness II: Mythic Connection and the Social Meanings of Health and Illness 51 4 Cultural Consciousness III: Perspectival Thinking and the Emergence of Modern Medicine 80 5 Cultural Consciousness IV: Integral Fusion and Health Professionals in Healthcare Settings 107 6 Culture and Health Behaviors: Culture Assumptions in Health Theories and Practices 138 7 Health Literacy: Cultural Approaches to Health Behaviors and Decision-Making 163 8 Group-Based Identities: Cultural Approaches to Social Stigma and Health Practices 192 9 Uncertainty in Health and Illness: From Perspectival Thinking to Integral Fusion 226 10 Social Support: Understanding Supportive Relationships Through Cultural Perspectives 257 11 Transformative Technologies: Cultural Approaches to Technologies in Health Contexts 293 12 Health Disparities: Observations and Solutions Through Different Cultural Approaches 328 13 When Cultural Perspectives Collide: Community-Based Health Interventions in Marginalized Populations 368 14 Distributive Justice: Embedding Equity and Justice in Structural Barriers and Health Policies 404 Index 445

Read more less