Public health and preventive medicine Books

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Book SynopsisRadix Bupleuri (Chai Hu) is one of the most commonly used herbs in the Chinese medicine clinical practice. In Chinese medicine, it is believed that Radix Bupleuri is acrid, cool and bitter and enters liver and gallbladder meridians. This book discusses the use of Chinese herbs, such as Chai Hu, and other different herbal medicines for diseases and illnesses such as atopic dermatitis, and for cutaneous wound healing. It discusses the essential components, clinical applications and health benefits of herbal medicine.

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Book SynopsisUSDA is responsible for ensuring the safety of poultry products. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report the U.S. food supply is one of the safest in the world, yet estimate that Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination in food causes over 2 million human illnesses per year. Poultry products contaminated with pathogens cause more deaths than any other commodity. This book describes actions USDA has taken since 2006 to reduce Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination in poultry products; evaluates USDA''s efforts to assess the effects of these actions on the incidence of human illnesses from Salmonella and Campylobacter in poultry products; and determines challenges USDA faces in reducing these pathogens in poultry products.

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Book SynopsisPublic health is a part of the health system whose researchers'' have tried to maintain its relevance over the years amidst unstable global conditions. Maintaining its tripartite objective of promoting health, preventing diseases and prolonging life is a major hurdle especially as these functions have to depend on the combined efforts of society. This book focuses on principles, perceptions and programs of public health. Some of the topics discussed in this book include school shootings; waste management and public health; and tobacco use.

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Book SynopsisIn this Public Health Yearbook 2014 we will touch upon several public health topics like Bedouin health, obesity in the Caribbean region, health in rural India, smoking in Atlanta, quality of life in persons with intellectual disability and trying to understand substance abuse. We all long for a life of purpose and fulfillment and striving for high quality of life for us and those we care for is a powerful motivator. Many busy people dream of lazing by a pool fanned by a soft summer breeze, but this does not last, because a short time of rest and replenishment is quickly replaced by boredom and a sense of purposelessness. Quality of life is much deeper than material comfort. Sadly in our world today, many people live lives lacking in meaning and value: the unemployed, the underemployed, those with disabilities who would like to contribute to society but are deprived the opportunity. Their quality of life is not what it could be. In this book you will find many chapters that discuss the many aspects of quality of life in persons with intellectual disability within a social context and we also discuss how we need to prevent drug addiction in our youth and establish prevention programs to decrease the devastating toll it has and will take on billions of human beings in this century and beyond. We must be concerned about drug addiction and its effect on our youth including their alarming use of nonmedical analgesics. It is important to study youth in their communities and thus support more community-based research protocols.

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Book SynopsisThe Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act established Electronic Health Record (EHR) programs. These programs provide incentive payments for -- and later are expected to apply penalties to -- certain providers, such as hospitals and professionals, to encourage them to demonstrate meaningful use of certified EHR technology and meet other program requirements. Based on the number of providers awarded incentive payments, participation in the Department of Health and Human Services'' (HHS) Medicare and Medicaid Electronic Health Record programs increased substantially from their first year in 2011 to 2012. This book assesses the extent of current and expected participation in the EHR programs; examines information reported by providers and others to measure meaningful use in the EHR programs; evaluates HHS efforts to ensure that EHR data can be reliably used to measure quality of care; and evaluates HHS efforts to assess the effect of the EHR programs on program goals related to adoption and meaningful use of EHRs and improved outcomes.

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Book SynopsisFrom 1970 to 2007, hundreds of millions of pounds of pesticides were applied annually to U.S. food crops to protect them from pests. To protect consumers, EPA sets standards -- known as tolerances -- for pesticide residues on foods. FSIS monitors meat, poultry, and processed egg products to ensure they do not violate EPA''s tolerances, and FDA monitors other foods, including fruits and vegetables. AMS gathers annual residue data for highly consumed foods, although not for enforcement purposes. This book examines what FDA data show with respect to pesticide residue violations in the foods that it regulates; what FSIS data show with respect to pesticide residue violations in the foods that it regulates; and what AMS data show with respect to pesticide residue levels in fruits and vegetables.

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Book SynopsisThe cost and quality of health care services can vary significantly, with high cost not necessarily indicating high quality. As consumers pay for a growing proportion of their care, they have an increased need for cost and quality information before they receive care, so they can plan and make informed decisions. Transparency tools can provide such information to consumers and others. This book examines information on cost and quality available to consumers from selected transparency tools; characteristics of effective transparency tools; limitations, if any, in the effectiveness of CMS transparency tools; and CMS efforts to expand cost and quality information available through transparency tools. The book also examines how various factors affect the availability of health care price information for consumers; and the information selected public and private health care price transparency initiatives make available to consumers.

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Book SynopsisAir pollution has been associated with significant adverse health effects, including increased morbidity and mortality. The global increase in the prevalence of diseases that are associated with exposure to air pollution is of great concern. In particular, severe PM2.5 pollution occurs in Asian countries due to increasing emissions of air pollutants caused by the countries'' rapid economic growth. A number of studies have been performed to clarify the association between PM2.5 and disorders such as asthma, ischemic cardiovascular diseases, arteriosclerosis, cancer, and neurological disorders. It is important to protect populations that are susceptible to such pollution. While the characterisation and monitoring of pollutant components currently dictates pollution control policies, it will be necessary to identify susceptible populations in order to adequately target prevention strategies for the health effects of air pollution. This book offers a comprehensive review of the recent advances in our understanding of the health effects of PM2.5, the role of oxidative stress in these effects, the contribution of ultrafine fractions of PM2.5 to the health effects, and discusses prevention strategies for these health effects. It also suggests further risk assessment, risk management, and novel policies for PM2.5 pollution, required to protect public health.

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Book SynopsisVaccines save lives by preventing disease in the people who receive them. In some instances, however, a vaccine can have severe side effects, including death or an injury requiring lifetime medical care. VICP provides compensation to people for injuries and deaths associated with certain vaccines for medical and other costs. This book examines how long it has taken to adjudicate claims and how claims have been adjudicated; the changes to the vaccine injury table; and how the balance of and spending from the Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund have changed, among other objectives.

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Book SynopsisLead is a heavy metal used since ancient times and is still employed for several industrial purposes due to its suitable physical and chemical properties. It is non-biodegradable and is very persistent in the environment. Human exposure can lead, however, to a wide range of biological effects. Lead (Pb) exposure is known to induce a wide range of physiological and biochemical dysfunctions in humans and animals. This books reviews works collected in international literature dealing with the effects of lead; the environmental contamination of lead and its associated public health risks; the influence of lead at different doses on the structure of intestinal microbial community in vivo and its relationships to intestinal epithelium in vitro; and finally, the effects of fractions of the edible halophyte, Sarcocornia perennis on human kidney cells after Pb intoxication.

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Book SynopsisThe compounds that contain heterocyclic rings in their structures present diverse properties according to the number and nature of the different substitute to which they are united. Thus, these derivatives are broadly studied from different points of view. This book presents important studies related to the structures, vibrational spectra and descriptors of two series of heterocyclic derivatives; on one hand, some derivatives are of importance for the health and, on the other hand, others are of environmental importance. Chapters 1 to 6 are oriented towards the first series of derivatives broadly used in the pharmacological industry for human health. From Chapters 7 to 9, the studies are oriented toward the properties of the hexaclhorobenzene, 2,4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and sulfonylureas derivatives where the sulfonylureas are herbicides of low dosage, low mammalian toxicity, high selectivity, and benign environmental activity while on the contrary, hexaclhorobenzene and 2,4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid present high toxicities.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the health impacts of promoting walking to school as part of a comprehensive health impact assessment (HIA) were examined. The chapter focused on a single area of analysis - physical activity and associated changes in body mass index (BMI). The second chapter of this book reviews the potential health outcomes related to redeveloping a dangerous highway; the third chapter examined noise health impact assessment, with a focus on noise levels, peak levels and reverberation times of playrooms. The authors discuss the practical measures that can be taken for effective noise prevention that could help improve actual noise conditions and minimize the risk of health effects. The last chapter reviews the persistence of microbial adhesion and its challenges to the establishment and maintenance of hygienic conditions in various environments.

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Book SynopsisSocietal research has shown that there is a direct correlation between income disparities and health disparities. In other words: the poorer the population, the less healthy the population becomes. Over the last thirty years, there has been an increasing gap between the wealthy and poor in many industrialized societies. As a result, there has also been an increasing decline in the quality of health for these social orders. The Social Work and Health Inequalities Network (SWHIN) was created to combat the causes and consequences of socially unjust health disparities on an international basis. This is accomplished through a sustaining global network of professionals: researches, educators, practitioners, policy makers and others work together to promote research and action around the world. The SWHIN aims to exchange information and resources (e.g. research evidence, policy statements, and emerging theories and practice models) to collaborate on the development and exchange of solutions for these health issues. The hope is to teach about these problems at all curricular levels and influence policy making wherever possible. This book brings together a combination of fifteen studies and policy reviews to fully understand the role that social work plays in assisting others, especially in fields where human health is concerned.

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Book SynopsisAdolescent Health Literacy and Learning offers insights to all those who care about promoting and assisting adolescent health development: health education teachers, health practitioners, and youth care workers. Adolescent health is of worldwide concern, especially as we learn that health habits and attitudes established in adolescence continue into adulthood. For example, chronic diseases such as diabetes that began in mid to late adulthood are becoming more prevalent in younger ages. Academics, clinicians and teachers are searching for ways to raise the health literacy and health outcomes of adolescents to better prepare them for the future. There is a need to raise the profile of adolescent health literacy and learning in order to address issues in adolescent and adult health. This edited volume features expert Canadian health literacy scholars writing on topics such as digital technology, software applications to health promotion, advertising, gender, suicide, nutrition, fitness, and mental health specifically for adolescents. It contains theoretical and practical ideas as well as resources for practitioners and educators to assist adolescents with interacting more critically with health information. The hope is that this book will help young people grow into adults who are more health literate. All contributing authors are experts in adolescent health literacy. Many take a uniquely Canadian perspective as well. They all acknowledge the impact of a variety of individuals and groups on adolescents, but also encourage the development of an adolescent''s sense of individual identity, critical thinking, social responsibility and even activism as part of their health literacy.

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Book SynopsisIn 2013, about 10 million adults in the United States had a serious mental illness. The U.S. mental health care system includes a range of federal programsacross multiple agencies for those with mental illness. Past efforts to develop a list of federal programs supporting individuals with serious mental illness have highlighted the difficulty of identifying such programs. This book identifies the federal programs that support individuals with serious mental illness; the extent to which federal agencies coordinate these programs; and the extent to which federal agencies evaluate such programs. Determining how many people have a mental illness can be difficult, and prevalence estimates vary. While numerous surveys include questions related to mental illness, few provide prevalence estimates of diagnosable mental illness (e.g., major depressive disorder as opposed to feeling depressed, or generalized anxiety disorder as opposed to feeling anxious), and fewer still provide national prevalence estimates of diagnosable mental illness. This book briefly describes the methodology and results of three large surveys that provide national prevalence estimates of diagnosable mental illness.

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Book SynopsisThe discovery of antibiotics in the early 20th century fundamentally transformed human and veterinary medicine. Antibiotics now save millions of lives each year in the United States and around the world. The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, however, represents a serious threat to public health and the economy. If the effectiveness of antibiotics (drugs that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria) is lost, we will no longer be able to reliably and rapidly treat bacterial infections, including bacterial pneumonias, foodborne illnesses, and healthcare-associated infections. As more strains of bacteria become resistant to an ever-larger number of antibiotics, our drug choices have become increasingly limited and more expensive and, in some cases, nonexistent. In a world with few effective antibiotics, modern medical advances such as surgery, transplants, and chemotherapy may no longer be viable due to the threat of infection. This book examines the national strategy and plan for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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Book SynopsisObesity is considered a serious and complex condition. All obese people have previously been overweight and its conditions represent an intriguing area of research both from a clinical and speculative point of view. This book is aimed at raising awareness on individuals who are overweight, a crucial point in order to prevent obesity progression and it is addressed to therapists who are willing to better understand the condition.

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Book SynopsisFalls are considered as one of the accidents that take more loss of functionality, mainly in older adults. This book begins with a discussion on the prevalence of falls among different populations, the most used definitions and classifications for falls and their physical, social and psychological consequences. Furthermore, this book provides easy and practical recommendations for falls and fall-related injury prevention.

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Book SynopsisThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) contains a provision that requires all nonprofit hospitals to conduct a Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) and an Implementation Plan every three years. The first chapter of this book provides a comprehensive analysis of the CHNA process, the priorities identified in the CHNA, and the implementation strategies produced by 31 small nonprofit rural hospitals in Nebraska. Chapter two discusses current capacity building mechanisms with community-based obesity programmes in the United Kingdom, revealing the importance of partnerships between multi-agencies involved in the process. Chapter three offers reflections on a Community-based participatory research (CBPR) project in partnership with the Latino migrant worker community in South Florida. Chapter four examines "KEQ" (Kapazitätsentwicklung im Quartier [Capacity Building in Residential Are-as/Neighborhoods]), which is the name of a newly developed questionnaire for measuring community capacities considered relevant to health. Chapter five discusses research on disaster recovery in several countries and the lessons learned regarding how personal, family, community and societal factors interact to facilitate adaptation to the consequences of disaster. The final chapter provides an overview of regional development planning, which is a conscious development strategy designed to bring about change and equity, and to improve the living standards of people by integrating economic, social and environmental policies and programmes in a spatial context.

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Book SynopsisSmoking cigarettes starts during adolescence. Some adolescents may stop smoking cigarettes having taken it as an experiment during adolescence, but others may continue smoking into adulthood. Most adults who smoke started smoking during the adolescence stage and may have been already addicted to nicotine before the age of eighteen, resulting in long-term health consequences. This book compiles and documents smoking epidemiology and correlates of smoking in adolescents in various regions of the world. It aims to provide critical information that relates to the magnitude of the problem and who is affected in order for strategies to be identified and implemented. The issue is a concern of public health, since smoking affects people not only at the time the smoking habit begins, but because it has an influence on them for the rest of an individual''s life.

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Book SynopsisIn this Public Health Yearbook 2015 we will touch upon several public health topics having in mind the fight against Ebola in West Africa. Public health efforts can only be successful if attention is paid to the interconnectedness between the population''s perception of the disease, their cultural practices relating to death, dying, and the treatment of corpses, their ecosystem (including their food culture, garbage disposal, and overall sanitation culture), their socialisation methods, and their cultural practices and perceptions of isolation and human security. It is essential for governments to provide essential information relating to the nature of the disease and the risks associated with it as well as create awareness through culturally congruent education and sensitisation methods. West African governments must engage with community members and learn about their perceptions of the disease and of their own safety. Public health providers must also learn about and utilise control and prevention strategies that are community-based. We hope this Yearbook and the research will be of interest to our readers.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides significant health statistics through reports from federal agencies. The statistics discussed include updates on previously reported estimates for strategies used by U.S. adults aged 18 and over to reduce their prescription drug costs; regional variation in use of complementary health approached by U.S. adults; health care access and utilisation among adults, by race and Hispanic origin; characteristics of hospital stays for super-utilisers by payer; trends in hospital readmissions; hospitalisations for patients aged 85 and over; prevalence of obesity among adults, children and adolescents; sexual activity, contraceptive use, and childbearing of teenagers; serious psychological distress among adults; racial and ethnic disparities in men''s use of mental health treatments; and the leading cause of death contributing to decrease in life expectancy gap between black and white populations.

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Book SynopsisPublic health is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts and informed choices of society, organizations (public and private), communities and individuals. The mission of public health is the fulfillment of society''s interest in assuring the conditions which make people healthy. In the twentieth century, one of the improvements in public health has been an increased life expectancy in the developed world. However, we have also seen other achievements in the provision of vaccinations, motor-vehicle safety, safer workplaces, control of infectious diseases, decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke, safer and healthier foods, healthier mothers and babies, and family planning and fluoridation of drinking water. There has been some positive trends in recent years in developed countries, such as less smoking, more physical activity and better vaccination status. Still, drinking, obesity, violent crime and lack of health insurance are some challenging areas in public health. We need to apply what we have learned and know now in order to reduce health inequality in our nations in the future. We also need to use advanced technology to improve health and address new health issues as they emerge over time; it is imperative that people are ready to intervene and minimize adverse effects of new diseases at all times.

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Book SynopsisThis book is an attempt to tackle some of the key global health challenges with a focus on the leading, emerging countries and mature free-market economies facing similar issues. It consists of seven chapters written by well-recognized scholars in the field affiliated to academia, pharmaceutical industry and hospital sectors based in Japan, USA, China, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, Ireland, Serbia, Bulgaria, Poland and Albania. The contributors had diverse expert profiles in health economics, clinical medicine, public health and population aging. Regional health care issues were processed and referred to the BRICS and N-11 nations, North American region, Far East Asia, Western and Eastern Europe. Some of the difficulties of contemporary health systems tackled in certain chapters were: population aging, health spending, insurance coverage, health technology assessment, costs of pharmaceutical development, neurological disorder and diabetes economics, public health legislation and caregiver assessment in a traditional Asian setting. All of the aforementioned research might give a dynamic impetus and expand a mental horizon to the professionals dealing with these issues. We believe that this book deserves a broad global audience consisting of health care professionals, policy makers, health economists, clinical physicians and lay persons eager to expand their knowledge in the field. Our attitude is based on the worldwide academic recognition of the listed contributors. The degree of success of these ambitiously targeted efforts will be assessed by our esteemed audience in years to come.

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Book SynopsisA variety of topics are presented in this book that seek to reflect on medical history before and after the golden age of the Medical Renaissance. These topics include newborn care, the story of adolescence, behavioral pediatrics, psychopharmacology, substance abuse, psychodermatology, specific organ systems (the kidney and the heart in pediatrics), and other motifs. Reflections on adolescence are provided based on society''s classic disdain and envy of its youth, which is seen throughout the ages of human life. In this book, we include a variety of scholars who stood on the shoulders of giants and made giant leaps in medicine of their own. In each century since the Medial Renaissance, these giants advanced the field of medicine into what we have as today''s standard medical care, and perhaps we can learn what it will be like in the future. These esteemed experts learned from the past, made mistakes, exhibited amazing courage, and faced scientific -- and sometimes -- sacerdotal criticism. Their courage was amazing, as many were confronted with minacious, inauspicious, portentous, and unpropitious attacks against their ethics and accomplishments. However, they persisted and were able to develop verifiable data that others could independently substantiate and sometimes improve upon for the benefit of all humans.

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Book SynopsisBeing physically active is one of the most important steps that Americans of all ages can take to improve their health. But only half of adults and about a quarter of high school students get the amount of physical activity recommended in national guidelines. This book aims to get Americans walking and wheelchair rolling for the physical activity needed to help prevent and reduce their risk of chronic diseases and premature death. The book also assists residents, parents, community association members, and others in getting involved in making communities safer for pedestrians. The book includes facts, ideas, and resources to help residents learn about traffic problems that affect pedestrians and find ways to help address these problems and promote pedestrian safety. The book includes information on identifying problems, taking action to address pedestrian concerns, finding solutions to improve pedestrian safety, and resources to get additional information.

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Book SynopsisThe health communication strategies presented in this book are based on the understanding that there are many factors underpinning health. Starting from a framework of addressing health at an individual, group, and structural level, we need to realize the impact of globalization and social determinants on health. Health literacy and media literacy are necessary for health communicators and stakeholders to communicate effectively about/on health. Knowledge and skills in media technology, especially new media, new developments in the Internet and mobile devices are important. In addition, intercultural communication is essential to understand and collaborate with others. Health communication needs collaboration from all sectors in society. The health communication promoted in this book is based on a participatory model based within the multiplicity paradigm. Strategies suggested in this book are practical examples to encourage the reader to design his/her own strategies to serve a particular community. Before one can devise a strategy for health promotion and disease prevention, one needs to understand that a top-down communication approach cannot change nor sustain peoples health behaviors. On the contrary, one needs to create an enabling environment or a context that supports an individuals decision to change their behavior. How to achieve sustainability in health or health for all is ultimately what this book is about. In nine chapters, the reader is introduced to the history and discourses of health communication and sustainable development; the first part provides the reader with an in-depth overview of the many health communication theories, set in the context of globalization and localization and assessed from both anthropological and sociological perspectives. In the second part of the book, chapters systematically explain communication for/about health for sustainable development in general, as well as regarding old and new traditional and digital media in particular. The concluding chapters present the principles and applications of health communication strategies for sustainability. Sustainability in health can only be achieved once health equality is a reality.

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Book SynopsisBook & CD-ROM. A community health worker (CHW) is a frontline public health worker who, as a member of the community, has the potential to deliver cost-effective, high quality, and culturally competent health services within team-based care models. This book reviews select health services research findings on community health worker utilisation that are relevant to U.S. policymakers and considers the key challenges to fully realiaing the potential for CHWs to improve health care delivery. This book is accompanied by a CD-ROM which includes appendices A through E for Chapter Two, Outcomes of Community Health Worker Interventions.

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Book SynopsisThe World Health Organization projects climate change will adversely affect health significantly over the next several decades. Some health effects of climate change are already being felt in the United States, according to assessments by the National Research Council, U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), and others. Since the federal government is the nations largest purchaser of health care services, federal health care expenditures could increase in future years due to climate-related impacts. This book addresses federal activities to enhance understanding about the risks climate change poses to public health; federal resources used by selected states and localities to address these risks; and challenges states and localities face and actions federal agencies could take to mitigate them. This book also provides a suggested sequence of steps that health departments can undertake to assess such health vulnerabilities associated with climate change.

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Book SynopsisMeasles is a disease of public health importance that is associated with high mortality and morbidity, particularly in developing countries. In recent years, widespread application of the measles vaccine among children has led to a decline in the morbidity and mortality attributed to measles. In the city of Gweru in Zimbabwe, research was carried on the epidemiology and control of measles. Due to these studies, a seven year multiple dose measles vaccination intervention was carried out in Gweru from 1990-1996. The results of this intervention played a significant role in the debate that led to the adoption of the WHO/UNICEF current policy to use multiple dose measles vaccination strategies to control measles in developing countries. One of the critical lessons that has arisen from the Gweru city measles operational research effort has been that fairly low cost, simple research makes a great difference in providing insight into the epidemiology and control of endemic disease conditions locally.

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Book SynopsisThis book outlays the possible influence of some important aspects of human migration and social mobility on the biological characters of human populations, including their health and well-being. It contains ten contributions from different researchers working in this area of research. The first chapter, written by Budnik and Henneberg, demonstrates the effect of social class and mobility on morphological characters of body size like height and body mass index (BMI) in a historical population of Poland. In Chapter Two, Chakraborty et al. shows that the migration of disadvantaged people to an adverse environment in an early period of growth and development may increase health risk in adulthood compared to those after completion of major physical growth period, or even compared to those who are born into that adverse environment. Chapter Three (by J. R. Ghosh) reveals the influence of educational and occupational positions on clinical hypertension among adult males from the eastern part of India. In the fourth chapter of this volume, S. Ghosh et al. attempts to find out the relationship between the socio-economic status of family and growth on height and weight demographics in school children aged 5-12 from Kolkata, India. Godina et al. in Chapter Five delineates the differences in various anthropometrical measurements in children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years across different types of schools, representing different social strata in Moscow. Chapter Six by Kaczmarek discusses the implications of rural to urban migration and its impact on womens health status in Poland. The next chapter by Krzyżanowska and C G Nicholas Mascie-Taylor discusses the impact of regional migration and social mobility on variation in adult height, weight and Body Mass Index, which is evidenced from a British cohort study. In Chapter Eight, Gomula and Koziel highlight from a study in Poland the effect of social mobility of fathers on maturity, measured by the age at menarche in their daughters. In the next chapter, Missoni and arac review dietary and lifestyle characteristics in the Eastern Adriatic Islands of Croatia in the backdrop of recent economic transition, urbanisation and migration. The tenth chapter contributed by Singh and Kirchengast compares demographic health related characteristics and reproductive behaviours between Punjabi women residing in Punjab and in Vienna, Austria. This book will be useful for researchers dealing with biological implications of human mobility. It may be of particular interest to human biologists, biological anthropologists, epidemiologists, demographers, economists and other researchers dealing with biological implications of human mobility.

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Book SynopsisThis edited volume presents recent updates in the fields of health and disease. Chapter One explores the role of nutrition in diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Chapter Two includes updated information about the role electrotherapy can play in physical therapy. Chapter Three discusses the immune factors regulating nasopharyngeal colonisation and their role in otitis media, or inflammation of the middle ear. Chapter Four carries out a review of the evaluation and treatment of physiotherapy in children with autism spectrum disorders, focusing on a clinical case of a 4-year-old girl diagnosed with autism who presented a pattern of toe walking. Lastly, Chapter Five examines two intervention programs, ecologically-based family therapy and community reinforcement approach, focusing on reducing substance use and abuse among homeless adolescents.Table of ContentsPreface; Nutrition in Disease of Musculoskeletal System; The Effectiveness of Electrotherapy in Physical Therapy; Otitis Media: Immunosuppressive and Pro-Inflammatory Lymphocytes Strike a Balance Between Bacterial Colonization and Mucosal Inflammation; Toe Walking Gait and Physiotherapy in Autism Spectrum Disorders; Ecologically-Based Family Therapy and Community Reinforcement Approach Interventions Addressing Substance Use among Homeless Adolescents: A Systematic Review of the Literature; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis edited volume presents recent updates in the fields of health and disease. Chapter One studies Noroviruses are known as causative agents of sporadic infections and epidemic outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in humans. Chapter Two presents the harmful effects of fluoride intake, fluorosis induction, and provides relevant information about oxidative stress caused by fluoride both in in vivo and in vitro studies. Chapter Three suggested that a comparison of multiple prediction models, the time series model, produced the most accurate and better forecast value for the COVID-19 outbreak. Chapter Four targets type-2 diabetes is an immune-metabolic disorder characterized by low grade inflammation, pancreatic β cell dysfunction; insulin insufficiency or resistance. Chapter Five focus studies to explore this aspect of the immune defect and develop new tools for its comprehensive evaluation. Chapter Six studies are revealing how variations and changes in the composition of the gut microbiota influence normal physiology and contribute to diseases ranging from inflammation to obesity. Chapter Seven aims to evaluate the available literature regarding the antimicrobial effects of thymol and thymol nanoformulations. It also covers the recent advances in applications of thymol as antimicrobial agent. Chapter 8 review possible thrombotic mechanisms in antiphospholipid syndrome from the clinician point of view who treats thrombotic complication but is one who should also take out preventive measures. The level at which preventive action is possible is strict control of primarily cardiovascular risk factors, control of the activity of autoimmune diseases, and full thrombophilia screening. Finally, Chapter Nine discusses thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients is a common finding, recent studies have reported an unusually high prevalence of thrombotic complications which was the reason for the measuring of aPL. The aPLs in COVID-19 patients are mainly directed against b2GPI but display an epitope specificity different from that of the antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome. Coagulopathy and vasculopathy are initial stages in both COVID-19 infection and APS sharing three similar stages.Table of ContentsPreface; Food: A Key Element in Epidemiology of Norovirus Infection; General Aspects of Fluoride and Oxidative Imbalance in Dental and Skeletal Fluorosis; Modeling and Prediction of COVID-19 Outbreak in India; Targeting the Tripartite Members in Type II Diabetes: Gut Microbiota, Inflammatory Cells and miRNA; Comprehensive Evaluation of NK Cells and Its Utility in the Diagnosis of NK Cell Defects; Partners in Health and Partners in Crime: Gut-Brain Axis and Circadian Rhythms; Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Attributes of Thymol: An Overview; (UN) Common Thrombotic Mechanisms in Antiphospholipid Syndrome; Platelets in Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Beyond; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe secure storage of medical records is vital to any healthcare system. Relying solely on centralised servers increases the likelihood of sensitive information going public. Transparency and increased security of Blockchain technology make it an ideal platform for storing medical records. Patients can safely store their privacy-sensitive information by securing their data on a Blockchain using cryptography. This enables them to share their medical information with any healthcare institution with their approval. The healthcare system is currently very fragmented, but if all users were to use a secure global database, the flow of information between them would be much faster. A great advantage of a global database is that clients do not have to tell their story every time. A medical specialist, for example, can see exactly what a patient has been through and what treatments and examinations have taken place. The information is also available in real time to the healthcare professional the client has indicated to have access to his file. A new revolution is taking place that is clearly different from the third industrial revolution (Internet, communication and globalisation). This fourth industrial revolution involves a fusion of technologies such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things, cloud computing and Blockchain. Our healthcare society is also changing fundamentally, also under the influence of COVID-19. With this book in three chapters, we present the impact of Blockchain and digitisation in healthcare with (1) a systematic literature review om implementing blockchain solutions in health care and organisational consequences, (2) Blockchain in health care and (3) transformation of elderly care and impact of digitalisation.Table of ContentsPreface; A Systematic Literature Review on Implementing Blockchain Solutions in Healthcare and the Organisational Consequences; Blockchain in Healthcare; Transformation of Elderly Care and Impact of Digitalization; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book includes nine chapters that describe recent advances in health and disease. Chapter One discusses controversies regarding the use of intraoperative cell salvage during surgery involving bacterial contamination or malignancy. Chapter Two presents an overview of clinical applications of all-trans retinoic acid. Chapter Three explores the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors in COVID-19 infection. Chapter Four describes potentially beneficial sports supplements for endurance athletes. Chapter Five studies the influence of low-impact aerobic physical activity on Berger's disease. Chapter Six evaluates the effects and toxicity features of paclitaxel nanoformulations. Chapter Seven examines a potential link between methamphetamine abuse and glycogen synthase kinase-3. Chapter Eight investigates the health-promoting potential of tryptophan-derived betalin. Finally, Chapter Nine deals with the role of glucagon in exploring the corticotrop pituitary reserve.Table of ContentsPreface; Can We Overcome the Obstacles to Modern Intraoperative Cell Salvage Transfusion? A Detailed Review of Current Evidence; Advanced Formulation of All-Trans Retinoic Acid for Combination Therapy in Cancer; Circulating Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] in COVID-19 Patients; Sports Supplements in Endurance Sports: Practical Applications; Effect of Aerobic Physical Activity in Swimming and Cycle Ergometer on Proteinuria in IgA-Nephropathy: A Longitudinal Single Case study; Nanoformulations of Paclitaxel: Therapeutic or Toxic?; Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3b and Methamphetamine Abuse Liability; Health-Promoting Potential of a Natural Plant Pigment Based on Tryptophan; The Role of Glucagon in Exploring the Corticotrop Pituitary Reserve: Review of the Latest Evidence; Index.

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Book SynopsisIn Gardasil: Fast-Tracked and Fatal, the author argues that there is no evidence of how much cervical cancer the HPV vaccine will prevent. What is emerging, however, is evidence of its harmful effects. In the nine years since the experimental HPV vaccination program began, there have been 255 deaths worldwide and 43,000 adverse events.Gardasil was fast-tracked through the FDA, a process usually reserved for serious diseases where a new drug is required to fill an unmet and urgent medical need. Yet the incidence of cervical cancer had been markedly in decline due to Pap smear programs.Trade ReviewA brilliant, well-researched expose on the terrifying consequences of HPV vaccination for many children that will make all parents question its benefits. Stephen Tunley, Director of SaneVax

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Book SynopsisIn November 1994, the Haut Comité de la Santa Publique published its first general report on health in France. This not only took stock of the state of health of the French population but also raised questions about the organisation of the health system, defined priorities, and suggested objectives and the implementation of a genuine policy for health. What has happened since then? To find out, the HCSP engages in an unprecedented comparative analysis in this book. It studies the changes in the context of the health situation in demographic, economic, social, political and institutional terms and uses indicators to gauge the distance that still has to be covered if the health status objectives set in 1994 are to be attained by the year 2000. This allows it to examine the influence of determinants related to risk behaviours and the physical and professional environment, and to describe their variation. Lastly, starting from a discussion of a few problems concerning the organisation of the health system, it gives an in-depth analysis of the role of certain malfunctions that are specific to the French health situation.

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Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is twofold: to promote an awareness of cultural differences in connection with sexual medicine among health care providers, and to demonstrate how such differences are relevant to the care and treatment of patients with sexual issues. Individual sexuality represents the cumulative effects of biological, psychological, and cultural influences. Yet much of the study of sexuality—including issues ranging from sexual identity to sexual response—has been conducted through a Western lens. Although a substantial body of work in anthropology has taken up the study of human sexuality from a cross-cultural perspective, two points are notable. First, this work seldom crosses the desks of medical and psychological health practitioners, and second, the relevance of specific cultural differences is rarely apparent to the typical sexual health practitioner. To address this situation, this book adopts a global perspective, focusing on how cultural practices and values can impact health care, treatment, and outcomes. In this regard, it covers three broad domains: Sexual Identity and Orientation; Sexual Response and Dysfunction; and Sexual Diversity. Each chapter consists of two parts: a general description of the relevant issues, and a discussion of how these issues can be relevant to clinical practice. The book offers a valuable, practical tool for specialists in sexual medicine and sexual psychology, for sexual healthcare givers, and for sexological researchers who want to better serve their patients by developing an awareness of and sensitivity to cultural differences, and by providing a framework for dealing with issues of sexuality and sexual health that takes cultural values into consideration, while adhering to best practices in patient care.Trade Review“The book has something to teach everyone, from the novice just beginning to understand the cross disciplinary nature of sexual health care to the seasoned sexual health professional looking to enhance their understanding of specific cultures or sub-cultures. As an educational resource tool, the book is worth being read and kept as a resource … . having read it, I look forward to treating my patients more effectively and to the many lively discussions that will be engendered by this work.” (Elisabeth Gordon, Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, May 6, 2021)Table of ContentsPart I: Introduction.- Culture and Practice: Identifying the Issues.- Role of Medical Anthropology in Understanding Cultural Differences in Sexuality.- Part 2: Sexual Issues, Identity, and Challenges.- Socio-cultural perspectives, challenges, and approaches to sexual health in the Indian subcontinent.- Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexuality from a Cross-Cultural Perspective.- Transcultural Homo- and Trans-Phobia.- Impact of Chinese Traditional Culture on Sexuality.- Sexual Fluidity Behind Culture.- Part 3: Dealing with Sexual Issues.- Middle East Cultural Challenges and the Treatment of Sexual Problems in Men.- Central Asian Challenges in Sexual Issues.- Western, Asian, and Middle Eastern societies’ cultural attitudes and barriers impacting the management of sexual health care.- Latin American and Latina/Latino Issues in Sexual Health.- Cultural Issues Impacting the Acceptance of Psychosexual Therapy.- Normal or normative? Italian medical experts' discourses on sexual ageing in the Viagra era.- Part 4: Sexual Differences and Cultural Variation.- Pleasure, Orgasm, and Sexual Mutilations in Different Cultural Settings.- Disposition and Treatment of Paraphilia in Non-Western Cultures.- Disability and Sexuality.- Sexual Surgery through the Ages, in Varying Cultures.- Pornography Use: What Do Cross-Cultural Patterns Tell Us?.- Cross Cultural Research: Opportunities and Strategies for Discovery.

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