Public finance and taxation Books

Book SynopsisA considerable amount has been written concerning the meaning of income for taxation purposes. The usual practice of Canadian writers has been to arrive at the meaning of income through the terms of the Canadian statute law. This approach may be justified on the view that the statute law is paramount and therefore of greater importance than the cases. On the other hand, the Canadian statute law, far from providing a code of law on the meaning of income, presents a very disjointed picture. Many matters of the utmost importance either are not dealt with at all or are dealt with only in part. Wherever the statute law is inadequate the case law remains the sole guide. Moreover, unless the approach and substance of the case law on the meaning of income is clearly understood the extent of this inadequacy cannot be readily appreciated. For this reason Francis Eugene LaBrie attempted to present, as far as possible, a complete picture of the case law on the meaning of income and then to supe

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Book SynopsisIn a geographically dispersed country such as Canada, in which regions are distinguished resource bases, transport policies are a critical factor in economic development. In this study James Melvin considers the role of tariffs as they affect transportation costs within Canada. Melvin proposes application of the two-country model of neoclassical trade to the interregional economic structure of Canada, taking into account the costs of internal transport. He applies this basic theoretical approach to a number of different problems; taxation, capital flows between regions, short-run factor immobility, and increasing returns to scale.Melvin's findings indicate that tariffs induce resource waste by encouraging excessive internal transportation of goods between regions. He concludes that with an assessment of policy implications for Ontario arising from his study.

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Book SynopsisIn this timely contribution, Geneviève Tellier imparts a sense of transparency to the public purse, providing a comprehensive account of the budget process of the federal and provincial and territorial governments.Table of ContentsList Of Tables List Of Figures Preface to the English Edition Introduction Part 1: Public Finance in Canadian Society Chapter 1: The Size and Composition of Canadian Public Sector Budgets Chapter 2: Canadian Federalism Chapter 3: Canadian Budget-Making Authorities Part 2: Budget Preparation Chapter 4: Setting the Agenda for Budget Actions Chapter 5: Formulation of The Fiscal Framework Part 3: The Budget Vote Chapter 6: Parliamentary Rules Chapter 7: The Parliamentary Calendar Part 4: Budget Implementation Chapter 8: The Budgetary Management System Chapter 9: Optimization of Budgetary Resources Part 5: Budgetary Control Chapter 10: Internal Auditing and Evaluation Mechanisms Chapter 11: External Budgetary Audit and Evaluation Mechanisms Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn The Hypocritical Hegemon, Lukas Hakelberg takes a close look at how US domestic politics affects and determines the course of global tax policy. Through an examination of recent international efforts to crack down on offshore tax havens and the role the United States has played, Hakelberg uncovers how a seemingly innocuous technical addition to US law has had enormous impact around the world, particularly for individuals and corporations aiming to avoid and evade taxation.Through bullying and using its overwhelming political power, writes Hakelberg, the United States has imposed rules on the rest of the world while exempting domestic banks for the same reporting requirements. It can do so because no other government wields control over such huge financial and consumer markets. This power imbalance is at the heart of The Hypocritical Hegemon.Thanks to generous funding from COFFERS EU, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes Table of Contents1. Change and Stability in Global Tax Policy 2. Power in International Tax Politics 3. Countering Harmful Tax Practices 4. The Swift Return of Tax Competition 5. The Emergence of Multilateral AEI 6. The BEPS Project: Long Live Arm's Length 7. From Hegemony to Transatlantic Tax Battle?

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Book Synopsis‘Governments should spend no more than their tax income.’ Most people in Europe and North America accept this statement as simple common sense. It resonates with the deeply engrained economic metaphors that dominate public discourse, from ‘living within your means’ to ‘balancing the budget’ – all necessary, or so conventional wisdom holds, to avoid the dangers of debt, taxation and financial ruin. This book shows how these homely metaphors constitute the ‘debt delusion’: a set of plausible-sounding yet false ideas that have been used to justify damaging austerity policies. John Weeks debunks these myths, explaining the true story behind public spending, taxation, and debt, and their real function in the management of our economies. He demonstrates that disputes about public finances are not primarily technical matters best left to specialists and experts, as many politicians would have us believe, but rather fundamentally questions about our true political priorities. Requiring no prior economic knowledge, this is an ideal primer for anyone wishing to cut through the rhetoric and misinformation that dominate political debates on economics and become an informed citizen.Trade Review"This book provides a much needed expose of austerity policies"—John McDonnell MP "The Debt Delusion is a reminder that public policy matters are key to a thriving economy. At a time when politicians are promising big public spending projects, we would be wise to read it."—Daniel Fisher, Financial Times Adviser "Analytically brilliant; crystal clear writing; forensic in its investigation; entertaining and erudite. If you want to know what the alternative to austerity is, there is no better guide."—Danny Dorling, University of Oxford "John Weeks is one of the most incisive critics of austerity policy. In this book, he shows, in clear, non-technical language, how the mythology of 'balancing the books' has subverted public understanding of the social and economic purpose of state budgets, allowing governments to inflict serious, unnecessary, and possibly lasting damage on ordinary citizens."—Lord Robert Skidelsky, Warwick University and the British Academy "John Weeks is a distinguished and worldly economist who, long before it became fashionable, rigorously and to devastating effect contested the intellectual foundations of neoliberal economics. His generosity in sharing his deep knowledge of economic theory, policies and systems has inspired and motivated many thousands of students, policy makers and activists. His work in discrediting the the policies of austerity laid the foundations on which Labour's Corbyn movement was built and popularised."—Ann Pettifor, Director, Prime Economics "Austerity is one of the greatest deceptions foisted on the British public in modern history. It was based on ideological economics designed to accelerate the dismantling of the social state and the privatisation of the commons. John Weeks has been a consistent principled critic since the austerity era was launched. His scorn should be welcomed."—Guy Standing, SOAS University of London "John Weeks has been one of the most powerful critics of mainstream Neoclassical economics and of neo-liberal economic policies in the last few decades. His analyses are razor-sharp and his criticisms unsparing, but he uses them to propose ways to build a solidaristic economy and a compassionate society."—Ha-Joon Chang, University of Cambridge "John Weeks has been a vigorous campaigner against the fallacies of neo-liberal economics. He is a model to us all in his energy and resilience in making the case for a more progressive economics and promoting an alternative approach to economic policy making that is sorely needed. He draws on his long and valuable experience in teaching, research and advising governments around the world. It is a tribute to his influence and his clarity of exposition that his students are now taking his ideas forward both at home and abroad."—Susan Himmelweit, Open University "[This] is an excellent book for open-minded people who want to know how public finance actually works."—ChoiceTable of ContentsIntroduction: Debt, Deficits and Austerity Chapter 1: We must live within our means Chapter 2: Governments must balance their books Chapter 3: We must tighten our belts Chapter 4: Don’t go into debt Chapter 5: Taxes are a burden Chapter 6: Austerity: There is no alternative Chapter 7: Always an alternative

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Book Synopsis‘Governments should spend no more than their tax income.’ Most people in Europe and North America accept this statement as simple common sense. It resonates with the deeply engrained economic metaphors that dominate public discourse, from ‘living within your means’ to ‘balancing the budget’ – all necessary, or so conventional wisdom holds, to avoid the dangers of debt, taxation and financial ruin. This book shows how these homely metaphors constitute the ‘debt delusion’: a set of plausible-sounding yet false ideas that have been used to justify damaging austerity policies. John Weeks debunks these myths, explaining the true story behind public spending, taxation, and debt, and their real function in the management of our economies. He demonstrates that disputes about public finances are not primarily technical matters best left to specialists and experts, as many politicians would have us believe, but rather fundamentally questions about our true political priorities. Requiring no prior economic knowledge, this is an ideal primer for anyone wishing to cut through the rhetoric and misinformation that dominate political debates on economics and become an informed citizen.Trade Review"This book provides a much needed expose of austerity policies"—John McDonnell MP "The Debt Delusion is a reminder that public policy matters are key to a thriving economy. At a time when politicians are promising big public spending projects, we would be wise to read it."—Daniel Fisher, Financial Times Adviser "Analytically brilliant; crystal clear writing; forensic in its investigation; entertaining and erudite. If you want to know what the alternative to austerity is, there is no better guide."—Danny Dorling, University of Oxford "John Weeks is one of the most incisive critics of austerity policy. In this book, he shows, in clear, non-technical language, how the mythology of 'balancing the books' has subverted public understanding of the social and economic purpose of state budgets, allowing governments to inflict serious, unnecessary, and possibly lasting damage on ordinary citizens."—Lord Robert Skidelsky, Warwick University and the British Academy "John Weeks is a distinguished and worldly economist who, long before it became fashionable, rigorously and to devastating effect contested the intellectual foundations of neoliberal economics. His generosity in sharing his deep knowledge of economic theory, policies and systems has inspired and motivated many thousands of students, policy makers and activists. His work in discrediting the the policies of austerity laid the foundations on which Labour's Corbyn movement was built and popularised."—Ann Pettifor, Director, Prime Economics "Austerity is one of the greatest deceptions foisted on the British public in modern history. It was based on ideological economics designed to accelerate the dismantling of the social state and the privatisation of the commons. John Weeks has been a consistent principled critic since the austerity era was launched. His scorn should be welcomed."—Guy Standing, SOAS University of London "John Weeks has been one of the most powerful critics of mainstream Neoclassical economics and of neo-liberal economic policies in the last few decades. His analyses are razor-sharp and his criticisms unsparing, but he uses them to propose ways to build a solidaristic economy and a compassionate society."—Ha-Joon Chang, University of Cambridge "John Weeks has been a vigorous campaigner against the fallacies of neo-liberal economics. He is a model to us all in his energy and resilience in making the case for a more progressive economics and promoting an alternative approach to economic policy making that is sorely needed. He draws on his long and valuable experience in teaching, research and advising governments around the world. It is a tribute to his influence and his clarity of exposition that his students are now taking his ideas forward both at home and abroad."—Susan Himmelweit, Open University "[This] is an excellent book for open-minded people who want to know how public finance actually works."—ChoiceTable of ContentsIntroduction: Debt, Deficits and Austerity Chapter 1: We must live within our means Chapter 2: Governments must balance their books Chapter 3: We must tighten our belts Chapter 4: Don’t go into debt Chapter 5: Taxes are a burden Chapter 6: Austerity: There is no alternative Chapter 7: Always an alternative

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Book SynopsisThe most comprehensive and ambitious effort I've seen to compileand discuss, in one resource, all of the issues and informationabout this crucial topic. Nonprofit executives, managers, legalcounsel, and trustees all can benefit from this useful andinformative book. ?J. David Seay, vice president, secretary, and counsel, UnitedHospital Fund Bookman provides nonprofit leaders with a comprehensive examinationof federal, state, and local laws affecting nonprofit organizationsand recommAnds actions nonprofits can take to protect theirorganizations tax-exempt status. Using case studies extensively, he explains such crucial matters aspreparing for an IRS audit, reporting unrelated business income,responding to claims of unfair competition, and fighting challengesto nonprofits' property tax exemption. Protecting Your Organization's Tax Exempt Status demonstrates howfederal tax law applies to specific segments of the nonprofitsector. Discusses actual IRS audits of nonprofits, shows hownonprofits can develop positive community relations, and reviewscongressional hearings on federal tax exemptions for nonprofits.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first collection of readings in the economics of state and local public finance in almost thirty years. The scope of the thirty pieces is broad, including both classic and current articles. The articles fall into three broad categories: public choice and fiscal federalism, revenue sources and the fiscal condition of cities. The book is an excellent resource for undergraduate economics courses in which state and local public finance comprises a substantial part of the syllabus, and for graduate courses in state and local public finance in public policy programs, planning and public administration. The collection is also valuable to anyone who needs to understand the theory and practice of public finance, including policy analysts, planners, public administrators, and financial market analysts.Trade Review"Readings in State and Local Public Finance by Drennan and Netzer is highly suitable to accompany the Fisher text, at least based on the first edition of the book. The articles serve several purposes: * They provide exposure to some of the well-known economists in the field, such as Richard and Peggy Musgrave, James Buchanan, Charles Tiebout, and Peter Mieszkowski. * They illustrate some of the controversy in the field, for example, by comparing Buchanan's views on which level of government should be responsible for redistributing income with the view of the Musgraves. * They go into more depth than is possible in a text, in specific topic areas, such as the Tax Reform Act of 1986 and urban fiscal problems. * They push the students hard in some areas and thereby give a sense of the potential for more sophisticated conceptual and empirical analysis, as in the Mieszkowski and Zodrow article and the Ladd and Yinger article." Helen F. Ladd, Professor of Public Policy at Duke University "I think that this is an excellent collection. It is well organized, the introductions by the editors are helpful, the selections are sensible, and it would be an ideal supplement for State and Local Public Finance by Ronald Fisher. The Fisher book is very good, but it does not present the analytical arguments in much depth or with much sense for the broader issues in the literature. The readings in this collection add those dimensions." John Yinger, Professor of Economics, Syracuse UniversityTable of ContentsTable of Contents:. Part I: Public Choice and Fiscal Federalism (Fisher's Part 2):. 1.1 Buchanan, James M., 'Public Finance and Public Choice,' National Tax Journal, Vol.28, Dec., 1975, pp.383-94. 1.2 Tiebout, Charles M., 'A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures,' Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 64, Feb., 1956, pp. 416-24. 1.3 Musgrave, Richard A. and Peggy B. Musgrave, 'Principals of Multiunit Finance,' Chap 27 in Public Finance in Theory and Practice, 5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 1989, pp. 445-56. 1.4 Buchanan, James M., 'Who Should Distribute What in a Federal System?' Hochman and Peterson, eds., Redistibution Through Public Choice. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974, pp. 22-42. 1.5 Gramlich, Edward M., 'The Economics of Fiscal Federalism and Its Reform,' in Swartz and Peck, eds., The Changing Face of Fiscal Federalism. New York: M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 1990, pp. 152-174. Part II: Revenues for State and Local Governments (Fisher's Part 3): . 2.1 Smith, Adam, 'Of Taxes,' The Wealth of Nations, Book V, Chap. II, Part II, New York: Modern Library, 1937, pp. 777-79. 2.2 Mieszkowski, Peter M., 'Tax Incidence Theory: The Effects of Taxes of the Distribution of Income,' Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 7, 1969, pp. 1103-1124. 2.3 Zodrow, George R. and Peter Mieszkowski, 'The Incidence of the Property Tax: The Benefit of View Versus the New View,' in Zodrow, ed., Local Provision of Public Services. New York: Academic Press, 1983, pp. 109-29. 2.4 Heilbrun, James, 'Who Bears the Burden of the Property Tax?' C. Lowell Hariss, ed., The Property Tax and Local Finance. New York: The Academy of Political Science, 1983, pp. 57-71. 2.5 Netzer, Dick, 'Property Taxes: Their Past, Present, and Future Place in Government Finance' Urban Finance Under Siege. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1993, pp. 51-78. 2.6 Poterba, James M., 'Lifetime Incidence and the Distributional Burden of Excise Taxes, American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings,' Vol. 79, May 1989, pp. 325-330. 2.7 Siegfried, John J., and Paul A. Smith, 'The Distributional Effects of a Sales Tax on Services,' National Tax Journal, Vol. 44 (1991), pp. 41-53. 2.8 Mikesell, John L., 'Fiscal Effects of Differences in Sales Tax Coverage: Revenue Elasticity, Stability and Reliance,' in National Tax Association-Tax Institute of America, Proceedings of the Eighty-Fourth Annual Conference, 1991, pp. 50-57. 2.9 McLure, Charles E., Jr., 'The State Corporate Income Tax: Lambs in Wolves' Clothing," in Aaron and Boskin, eds., The Economics of Taxation. Washington: The Brookings Institution, 1980, pp. 327-346. 2.10 Netzer, Dick, 'Differences in Reliance on User Charges by American State and Local Governments,' Public Finance Quarterly, Vol. 20 (1992), pp. 499-511. 2.11 Gramlich, Edward M., 'The Deductibility of State and Local Taxes,' National Tax Journal, Vol. 38 (1985), pp. 447-65. 2.12 Chernick, Howard and Andrew Reschovsky, "Comment on 'The Deductability of State and Local Taxes,' 'National Tax Journal, Vol. 40, 1987, pp. 95-102. 2.13 Courant, Paul N. and Daniel L. Rubinfeld, 'Tax Reform: Implications for the State-Local Public Sector, 'Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 1, Summer, 1987, pp. 87-100. 2.14 Zimmerman, Dennis, The Private Use of Tax-Exempt Bonds. Washington, Urban Institute Press, 1991, (Ch. 5) pp. 83-111. 2.15 Netzer, Dick, 'State Tax Policy and Economic Development: What Should Governors Do When Economists Tell Them Nothing Works?' in New York Affairs, Vol. 9 (1986), pp. 19-36. Part III: Applications: The Fiscal Conditions of Cities (Fisher's Part 5):. 3.1 Baumol, William, 'Macroeconomics of Unbalanced Growth: The Anatomy of Urban Crisis,' American Economic Review, Vol. LVII, No. 3, 1967. 3.2 Thompson, Wilbur, 'The City as a Distorted Price System,' The Urban Economy, H. Hochman, ed., New York: W. W. Norton, 1976, pp. 74-86. 3.3 Moody's Investors Service, 'City of New York, New York,' Municipal Credit Report, April 8, 1975. 3.4 Gramlich, Edward M., 'The New York City Fiscal Crisis: What Happened and What is to Be Done?', American Economic Review, Vol. 66, No. 2, May, 1976, pp. 415-429. 3.5 Drennan, Matthew P., 'The Present and Future Fiscal Problems of the Two New Yorks: What Happened This Time,' Public Budgeting and Finance, Vol. 14, No. 2, Summer, 1994. 3.6 Ladd, Helen F., 'Big City Finances in The New Era of Fiscal Federalism,' Swartz and Peck, eds, op cit, pp. 127-151. 3.7 Reschovsky, Andrew, 'Are City Fiscal Crises on the Horizon?' Urban Finance Under Siege, op cit, pp. 107-137. 3.8 Reischauer, Robert D., 'The Rise and Fall of National Urban Policy:' M. Kaplan and F. James, eds. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1990, pp. 225-34. 3.9 Yinger, John and Helen F. Ladd, 'The Determinants of State Assistance to Central Cities,' National Tax Journal, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 413-28. 3.10 Netzer, Dick, 'National Assistance to Urban Areas in the United States,' 'Urban Change in the United States and Western Europe,' A. Summers, P. Cheshire, and L. Senn, eds. Washington: The Urban Institute Press, 1993, pp. 465-91.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Taxation publishes relevant, quality manuscripts from around the world on any aspect of federal, state, local, or international taxation including tax compliance, tax planning, tax policy issues, and current issues in tax.

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Book SynopsisA study of budgeting and financial administration in developing countries, which probes reasons for failure and solutions for improvement. The contributors are all involved in relating prescription to practice, and theory to reality in this area. Their essays all seek to provide practical advice to administrators caught up in the ever-changing, unpredictable contemporary environment.Table of ContentsPart 1 Budgeting and development: from here to there and beyond - concepts and applications of public budgeting in developing countries, Naomi Caiden and Steven Chan. Part 2 Issues of fiscal policy: fiscal stress and structural adjustment, Jack Diamond; fiscal aspects of external debt, Martha de Melo. Part 3 Planning budgets: public expenditure planning and forecasting, William Alan; financial reform in Kenya - implementing a public investment programme in line ministries, Stephen Peterson; the role of project data banks in public investment programming, Katrina Sharkey. Part 4 Public expenditure management: budget management and budgeting - the Singapore approach, Doh Joon Chien; the recurrent cost crisis in development bureaucracies, Stephen Peterson; reforming public budgeting in Zimbabwe, Jonathon Moyo. Part 5 Privatization: privatization of public enterprise in Asia - current patterns and emerging issues, James Leighland; privatization in Latvia - market, political, financial and social factors, David O. Porter and Gundar J. King. Part 6 Accounting and auditing: government accounting in developing countries, Peter Dean; auditing in Africa - some unmet needs, Richard E. Zody.

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Book SynopsisThis sixth volume is part of a series which serves as a research annual for the publication of academic tax research. Topics covered in this title include an empirical study of the objectivity of CPAS's tax work and the impact of education on perceptions of tax fairness.Table of ContentsAn empirical study of the objectivity of CPAS tax work, Dale D. Bandy et al; an empirical analysis of the trade offs of tax incentives and non tax costs related to the corporate alternative minimum tax, Gregory A. Carnes; the impact of education on perceptions of tax fairness, Anne L. Christensen et al; observations on the impact of the uniform inventory capitalization rules, Ron Colley et al; the efficiency of restricted stock relative to stock options in deferred compensation, Haim A. Mozes; how regressive are homeowner preference deductions? an analysis for the distributional effect of homeowner preference deductions, David Ryan; an empirical assessment of the impact of internal revenue code section 263 A, Paul G. Schloemer. Tax education research: tax professionals' perceptions of the importance of graduate education, Barry P. Arlinghaus, W. Peter Salzarulo; using blooms taxonomy to teach judicial law within a group structure, Alan B. Davis, Ernest R. Larkins; computer-assisted vs. conventional tax research - a controlled experiment, James E. Parker, James C. Stallman.

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Book SynopsisThere is a void in the literature on how to conduct research in the finance and economics of higher education. Students, professors, and practitioners have no concise document that examines the field, provides history, definitions of terms, sources of data, and research methods. Higher Education Finance Research: Policy, Politics, and Practice fills that void.The book is structured in four parts. The first section provides a brief history and description of the general organization of American higher education, the sources and uses of funds over the last 100 years, and who is served in what types of institutions. Definitions of terms that are unique to higher education are provided, and some basic rules for conducting research on the economics and finance of higher education are established. Although in some ways, conducting research in higher education funding is similar to that for elementary/secondary education, there are some important distinctions that also are provided. The second section introduces guiding philosophies, sources of data, data elements/vocabulary, metrics, and analytics related to institutional revenues and expenditures. Chapters in this section focus on student oriented revenues, institutionally-oriented revenues, and funding formulas. The third section introduces accountability-related concepts by first examining the accountability movement in higher education and performance-based approaches applied in budgeting and funding, then looking at methods to determine public and private returns on investment in postsecondary education, and closing with an examination of finance from the perspective of the primary consumer: students. The fourth and last section of the book focuses on presenting postsecondary finance research to policy audiences to assist in connecting academic research and policy making. Chapters focus on accounting for time considerations in analysis, the placing of data in context to make the data and findings relevant, and ways to effectively communicate findings to various policy-making audiences.

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Book SynopsisThere is a void in the literature on how to conduct research in the finance and economics of higher education. Students, professors, and practitioners have no concise document that examines the field, provides history, definitions of terms, sources of data, and research methods. Higher Education Finance Research: Policy, Politics, and Practice fills that void.The book is structured in four parts. The first section provides a brief history and description of the general organization of American higher education, the sources and uses of funds over the last 100 years, and who is served in what types of institutions. Definitions of terms that are unique to higher education are provided, and some basic rules for conducting research on the economics and finance of higher education are established. Although in some ways, conducting research in higher education funding is similar to that for elementary/secondary education, there are some important distinctions that also are provided. The second section introduces guiding philosophies, sources of data, data elements/vocabulary, metrics, and analytics related to institutional revenues and expenditures. Chapters in this section focus on student oriented revenues, institutionally-oriented revenues, and funding formulas. The third section introduces accountability-related concepts by first examining the accountability movement in higher education and performance-based approaches applied in budgeting and funding, then looking at methods to determine public and private returns on investment in postsecondary education, and closing with an examination of finance from the perspective of the primary consumer: students. The fourth and last section of the book focuses on presenting postsecondary finance research to policy audiences to assist in connecting academic research and policy making. Chapters focus on accounting for time considerations in analysis, the placing of data in context to make the data and findings relevant, and ways to effectively communicate findings to various policy-making audiences.

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Book SynopsisThe days of buoyant capital investment, jobs, and wealth are passing Alberta by as the boom-and-bust cycle runs its course and the global climate crisis becomes more acute. As the province scrambles to boost the dying oil economy and curb spending, one solution is all but ignored – a sales tax. In this collection, Alberta scholars and policy experts map out why and how a provincial sales tax should and can be implemented.Drawing on policy analysis, recent history, personal experiences, and conversations with Albertans, former politicians, and senior public servants, contributors build a decisive case for why a sales tax is a more efficient tax than corporate or personal income taxes. They examine energy revenues, household incomes, and political support as well as opportunities for improving democracy and reducing the volatility of government revenues. Finally, this volume offers recommendations on structuring a consultative review process to improve Alberta’s long-term fiscal sustainability.

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Book SynopsisThe microeconomic foundation of the theory of money has long represented a puzzle to economic theory. Why is there Money? derives the foundations of monetary theory from advanced price theory in a mathematically precise family of trading post models. It has long been recognized that the fundamental theoretical analysis of a market economy is embodied in the Arrow-Debreu-Walras mathematical general equilibrium model, with one great deficiency: the analysis cannot accommodate money and financial institutions. In this groundbreaking book, Ross M. Starr addresses this problem directly, by expanding the Arrow-Debreu model to include a multiplicity of trading opportunities, with the resultant endogenous derivation of money as the carrier of value among them. This fundamental breakthrough is achieved while maintaining the Walrasian general equilibrium price-theoretic structure, augmented primarily by the introduction of separate bid and ask prices reflecting transaction costs. The result is foundations of monetary theory consistent with and derived from modern price theory. This fascinating book will provide a stimulating and thought-provoking read for academics and postgraduate students focusing on economics, macroeconomics, macroeconomic policy and finance, money and banking. Central bankers will also find much to interest them within this book. Contents: Introduction: Why is There No Money? 1. Why is There Money? 2. An Economy Without Money 3. The Trading Post Model 4. An Elementary Linear Example: Liquidity Creates Money 5. Absence of Double Coincidence of Wants is Essential to Monetization in a Linear Economy 6. Uniqueness of Money: Scale Economy and Network Externality 7. Monetization of General Equilibrium 8. Government-Issued Fiat Money 9. Efficient Structure of Exchange 10. Microfoundations of Jevons's Double Coincidence Condition 11. Commodity Money Equilibrium in a Convex Trading Post Economy 12. Efficiency of Commodity Money Equilibrium 13. Alternative Models 14. Conclusion and a Research Agenda Bibliography IndexTrade Review‘Starr’s brilliant little volume is the latest of a long line of attempts to integrate money and price (general equilibrium) theory. Within 160 pages and 14 dense chapters, the author synthesizes forty years of careful and painstaking research. He sets them against the background not only of the tradition inaugurated by Walras and carried on by Pareto, Hicks, Patinkin, Samuelson, Clower, Hahn, Kyotaki and Wright (to name but a few) but also of the no-less famous conflict between trust and authority at the origin of money (Frankel, 1977). Hence, and before discussing Starr’s trading post model, it seems not out of place to recall briefly the analytical history of these two central riddles in monetary theory.’ -- > Œconomia - History/Methodology/Philosophy‘This book makes compelling reading for anyone interested in exploring the foundations of monetary theory from a rigorous general equilibrium perspective.’ -- Gabriele Camera, Purdue University, US‘Introducing the Arrow-Debreu-Starr model of monetary general equilibrium, Professor Starr provides the best defense ever made for the relevance of the Walrasian model to the pure theory of money. While most monetary theorists ventured to the overlapping generations model and then to the search model, only to create recently a hybrid search-Walrasian model, Starr presents the culmination of a patient, career-long effort to integrate money into the basic Walrasian model, with realistic taxation critically helping the government’s money to dominate.’ -- Dror Goldberg, Bar Ilan University, IsraelTable of ContentsContents: Introduction: Why is There No Money? 1. Why is There Money? 2. An Economy Without Money 3. The Trading Post Model 4. An Elementary Linear Example: Liquidity Creates Money 5. Absence of Double Coincidence of Wants is Essential to Monetization in a Linear Economy 6. Uniqueness of Money: Scale Economy and Network Externality 7. Monetization of General Equilibrium 8. Government-Issued Fiat Money 9. Efficient Structure of Exchange 10. Microfoundations of Jevons’s Double Coincidence Condition 11. Commodity Money Equilibrium in a Convex Trading Post Economy 12. Efficiency of Commodity Money Equilibrium 13. Alternative Models 14. Conclusion and a Research Agenda Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisEconomics has a very strong paradigm, grounded in rational choice behavior and concepts of equilibrium in markets. But it has its weaknesses. These were never more apparent than in recent years after the failure to predict, or even understand the financial crisis of 2007-8 and the subsequent crisis of the euro. Exactly what these weaknesses are is of course the subject of much debate. But the crisis and the associated failures of the dominant paradigm have had at least one salutary side effect, of providing room for other ways of thinking to come forward and to be heard. This volume focuses on alternative approaches to public economics. It surveys a number of alternative approaches, and also provides some unusual perspectives. It includes contributions by well known economists such as Giorgio Brosio and Pierre Salmon, and a chapter by Coco and Fedeli employing a Marxian economic approach to public economics. Some of the chapters are very novel, including two chapters on cognitive dissonance and one on the role of memory in modeling cycles of extreme events. There are also chapters on Austrian economics. And there is a welcome discussion of economic approaches to religion and values, including a chapter on religion by the distinguished economist Dennis Mueller, and contributions on the role of values and ethics in politics and public economics. All in all, the book provides a most welcome sourcebook of new and sometimes very different ways of thinking about public economics.'- Ronald Wintrobe, Western UniversityThis comprehensive and thought-provoking Handbook reviews public sector economics from pluralist perspectives that either complement or reach beyond mainstream views.The book takes a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, drawing on economic elements in the fields of philosophy, sociology, psychology, history and law. The expert contributors present new methodological approaches across these disciplines in five distinct sections:- 'Revisiting the Theoretical Foundations' compares and contrasts Austrians, Marxists, public choice theorists and Keynesians- 'Revisiting the Values' is concerned with justice, welfare, religions and civil rights- 'Beyond Rationalistic Rational Choice' includes chapters devoted to memory, information and group motivation- The final sections on 'Optimal Government and Government Failure' and 'Public Economics of Public Bads' deal with competition among governments, their suboptimal size, regulation, corruption, the informal economy, cognitive dissonance, rent seeking, the UN and criminal cycles.Academics, researchers and students with an interest in economics - particularly public sector economics and Austrian economics - and public policy will find this Handbook to be an invaluable reference tool.Contributors: F. Acacia, J. Alm, G. Brady, G. Brosio, M. Caputo, M. Casson, G. Coco, M. Cubel Sanchez, S. Fedeli, M. Florio, F. Forte, N. Goldschmit, A. Habisch, M. Holler, J. Huerta de Soto, J.P. Jimenez, A. Koziashvili, M.A. Leroch, C. Magazzino, M. Mantovani, D. Montolio, R. Mudami, D.C. Mueller, S. Nitzan, D.M.A. Patti, P. Salin, P. Salmon, F. Sobbrio, V. Tanzi, Y. Tobol, B.A. Wickström, R. ZanolaTrade Review'A Handbook of Alternative Theories of Public Economics edited by Francesco Forte with co-editors seeks to rejuvenate public economics by examining the relevance of schools of economics which compete with the current mainstream. The approaches of public choice, Austrian, Marxian, supply side economics, and new institutional schools are contrasted to the neo-Keynesians and the new political economics. The Handbook highlights features of these schools and points out their long neglected importance in understanding the political economy of the public sector. The Handbook is an insightful, unconventional and imaginative book well worth reading by public choice experts, public sector analysts and practitioners.' -- Gordon Tullock, formerly of George Mason University School of Law, US‘A Handbook of Alternative Theories of Public Economics is especially welcome because it gathers studies on the problems of public economics from widely different angles. Long gone is the time when it was enough to study Musgrave to be up to date in the economics of government and social welfare. The field is now hotly disputed, so that this Handbook will prove informative about parts of the literature of which the specialist may be unaware. Prof. Forte, the principal editor, is co-author of four empirical studies on questions of the size, the finance and some particular effects of government. One of these is within a section on "Public bads" that includes articles on corruption and the informal economy not usually found in texts on public economics. There are essays extending the research programme of the Austrian School on the State to cycle theory and the euro. No less interesting are the articles on government failure. For me the collection has proved especially interesting for the number of essays on justice, fairness, utility and rationality: it is very convenient to have the different approaches to these contentious questions treated with no attempt to paper over the cracks.’ -- Pedro Schwartz, San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain‘Economics has a very strong paradigm, grounded in rational choice behavior and concepts of equilibrium in markets. But it has its weaknesses. These were never more apparent than in recent years after the failure to predict, or even understand the financial crisis of 2007-8 and the subsequent crisis of the euro. Exactly what these weaknesses are is of course the subject of much debate. But the crisis and the associated failures of the dominant paradigm have had at least one salutary side effect, of providing room for other ways of thinking to come forward and to be heard. This volume focuses on alternative approaches to public economics. It surveys a number of alternative approaches, and also provides some unusual perspectives. It includes contributions by well known economists such as Giorgio Brosio and Pierre Salmon, and a chapter by Coco and Fedeli employing a Marxian economic approach to public economics. Some of the chapters are very novel, including two chapters on cognitive dissonance and one on the role of memory in modeling cycles of extreme events. There are also chapters on Austrian economics. And there is a welcome discussion of economic approaches to religion and values, including a chapter on religion by the distinguished economist Dennis Mueller, and contributions on the role of values and ethics in politics and public economics. All in all, the book provides a most welcome sourcebook of new and sometimes very different ways of thinking about public economics.’ -- Ronald Wintrobe, Western University, CanadaTable of ContentsContents: PART I: REVISITING THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS 1. The Neglected Importance of the Austrian Thought in Public Economics Pascal Salin 2. In Defense of the Euro: An Austrian Perspective Jesús Huerta de Soto 3. Marxian Public Economics. With a Comment by Massimo Florio Giuseppe Coco and Silvia Fedeli 4. The Laffer Curve Muddle Vito Tanzi 5. Deficits, Tax Burden and Unemployment Silvia Fedeli and Francesco Forte PART II: REVISITING THE VALUES 6. Theories of Justice and Empirical Results Manfred Holler and Martin Leroch 7. Strategic Voting and Happiness Francesca Acacia and Maria Cubel Sanchez 8. Religious Parties Dennis C. Müller 9. Western Religion, Social Ethics and Public Economics Nils Goldschmit and Andre Habisch 10. Indigenes, Immigration, and Integration: A Welfare-Economics Approach to Minority Rights Bengt Arne Wickstrom PART III: BEYOND RATIONALISTIC RATIONAL CHOICE 11. The Role of Memory in Modeling Social and Economic Cycles of Extreme Events Michele Caputo 12. Expanding the Theory of Tax Compliance from Individual to Group Motivations James Alm 13. The Political Economy of News Media: Theory, Evidence and Open Issues Francesco Sobbrio PART IV: OPTIMAL GOVERNMENT AND GOVERNMENT FAILURE 14. How Significant is Yardstick Competition among Governments? Three Reasons to Dig Deeper Pierre Salmon 15. Optimal Size of Government and Optimal Ratio between Current and Capital Expenditure Francesco Forte and Cosimo Magazzino 16. Government Failures in Railway Public Policy. The British Case Mark Casson 17. Cognitive Dissonance, Iron Triangle and Rent seeking. Sequester and the Fiscal Cliff Gordon Brady 18. Cognitive Dissonance, Efficient and Inefficient Rent Seeking. Public Aid to the Movies Francesco Forte and Michela Mantovani PART V: PUBLIC ECONOMICS OF PUBLIC BADS 19. Bargaining in International Conflicts Resolution: UN Involvement and Conflict Settlement Dario Maimone Ansaldo Patti and Daniel Montolio 20. The Norm of Profits Extraction from Corruption by Bureaucracy and Market Size Arkadi Koziashvili, Shmuel Nitzan and Jossef Tobol 21. Alternative Views on the Origins and Impact of the Informal Economy Giorgio Brosio, Juan Pablo Jimenez and Roberto Zanola 22. Long-run and Shorter-run Criminal Cycles in the Economics of Public Bads Michele Caputo, Francesco Forte and Michela Mantovani

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Book SynopsisThis volume provides a splendid and wide-ranging collection of studies analyzing the political-economy of decentralization in Latin-America. It's a fascinating story with numerous and profound insights into how fiscal decentralization actually works in the context of a variety of fiscal institutions and in a setting with a high degree of inequality in the distribution of income and territorial disparities.'- Wallace E. Oates, University of Maryland, College Park US'The volume on Decentralization and Reform in Latin America is an important addition to the growing literature on decentralization. Some of the issues in the implementation and effectiveness of decentralization are similar all over the world, but there are issues of particular salience to Latin America, a region where decentralization reforms have come sometimes in the wake of major political reforms. This volume pays special attention to the complexity of issues (both relating to equity and efficiency) arising in the context of vertical fiscal imbalance and inter-governmental transfers, in the delivery of social services or investment spending, in the sharing of rent from natural resources among social and regional groups and in macro-fiscal stabilization. I expect the volume to receive widespread attention.'- Pranab Bhardan, University of California, Berkeley, US'Giorgio Brosio and Juan Pablo Jiménez have made a remarkable job in preparing the best comprehensive treatment of comparative decentralization experiences in Latin America. It will be essential reading for analysts of fiscal and local government issues in the region and a very useful tool for Latin Americanists in general.'- José Antonio Ocampo, Professor, Columbia University. Former Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and Finance Minister of ColombiaDecentralisation and Reform in Latin America analyzes the process of intergovernmental reform in Latin America in the last two decades and presents a number of emerging issues. These include the impacts of decentralization and the response of countries in the region to challenge such as social cohesion, interregional and interpersonal disparities, the assignment of social and infrastructure expenditure, macrofinancial shocks, fiscal rules and the sharing of natural resources revenue. The main aim of the book is to assess the effective working of decentralized arrangements and institutions, with a view of suggesting corrections and reforms where the system is not working according to expectations.Policymakers, researchers and academics with an interest in subjects related to public policy, fiscal rules, intergovernmental relations, governance and decentralization will find this book invaluable.Contributors include: J.R. Afonso, E. Ahmad, V. Almeida, G. Arballo, G. Brosio, K. Castro, O. Cetrángolo, S. Dain, L. de Mello, A. Faveret, R. Gargarella, A. Goldschmit, J.C. Gómez Sabaini, V. Grembi, J.P. Jiménez, A. Manoel, J. Martinez-Vasquez, F. Rezende, C. Sepulveda, T. Ter-Minassian, J. VelosoTrade Review‘This volume provides a splendid and wide-ranging collection of studies analyzing the political-economy of decentralization in Latin-America. It’s a fascinating story with numerous and profound insights into how fiscal decentralization actually works in the context of a variety of fiscal institutions and in a setting with a high degree of inequality in the distribution of income and territorial disparities.’ -- Wallace E. Oates, University of Maryland, US‘The volume on Decentralization and Reform in Latin America is an important addition to the growing literature on decentralization. Some of the issues in the implementation and effectiveness of decentralization are similar all over the world, but there are issues of particular salience to Latin America, a region where decentralization reforms have come sometimes in the wake of major political reforms. This volume pays special attention to the complexity of issues (both relating to equity and efficiency) arising in the context of vertical fiscal imbalance and inter-governmental transfers, in the delivery of social services or investment spending, in the sharing of rent from natural resources among social and regional groups and in macro-fiscal stabilization. I expect the volume to receive widespread attention.’ -- Pranab Bhardan, University of California, Berkeley, US‘When it comes to fiscal decentralization in developing countries, Latin America has long led the way. In the two decades prior to the mid-1990s, some countries in the region extensively decentralized expenditures, especially social expenditures, and to a much lesser extent revenues to subnational governments. Some excesses and distortions resulted from these initial efforts and over the next decade major attempts were made to offset such problems, primarily by changing fiscal rules and transfer systems. The recent boom in natural resource revenues has again exacerbated pressure on the intergovernmental fiscal system in many countries, leading to further attempts to adjust the flow of finance between governments in order to maintain macroeconomic balance while achieving both more effective service delivery and greater social cohesion. This book, which provides both description and analysis of the rich Latin American experience, should be required reading not only for all those interested in the region but for scholars and policy-makers anywhere who are concerned with the complex and many-faceted issues associated with decentralization.’ -- Richard M. Bird, University of Toronto, Canada‘Giorgio Brosio and Juan Pablo Jiménez have made a remarkable job in preparing the best comprehensive treatment of comparative decentralization experiences in Latin America. The volume reviews all aspects of the decentralization process: its constitutional roots and its contribution to social cohesion; the provision of social services and infrastructure; taxation, sharing in natural resource revenues and the design of the intergovernmental transfers; and its macro-financial implications and associated fiscal rules. It will be essential reading for analysts of fiscal and local government issues in the region and a very useful tool for Latin Americanists in general.’ -- José Antonio Ocampo, Professor, Columbia University. Former Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and Finance Minister of ColombiaTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction: Approaching Recent Transformations of Intergovernmental Relations from Multiple Profiles Giorgio Brosio and Juan Pablo Jiménez 2. Federalism and Fiscal Federalism: The Emergence and Distortion of the Centro-federalist Constitutional Model in its Political and Fiscal Manifestations Roberto Gargarella and Gustavo Arballo 3. Fiscal Decentralization: Increasing Social Cohesion Among Widely Disparate Territorial Units Oscar Cetrángolo and Ariela Goldschmit 4. Reflections on Two Decades of Social-spending Decentralization José Roberto Afonso, Sulamis Dain, Vivian Almeida, Kleber Castro and Ana Cecília Faveret 5. Fiscal Decentralization and Public Investment Luiz de Mello 6. The Financing of Subnational Governments Juan Carlos Gómez Sabaini and Juan Pablo Jiménez 7. Explaining Property Tax Collections in Developing Countries: The Case of Latin America Cristian Sepulveda and Jorge Martinez-Vazquez 8. Intergovernmental Transfers in Subnational Finances Fernando Rezende and João Veloso 9. Intergovernmental Transfers: A Policy Reform Perspective Jorge Martinez-Vazquez and Cristian Sepulveda 10. The Intergovernmental Allocation of Revenue from Natural Resources: Finding a Balance between Centripetal and Centrifugal Pressure Giorgio Brosio and Juan Pablo Jiménez 11. Macroeconomic Challenges of Fiscal Decentralisation Juan Pablo Jiménez and Teresa Ter-Minassian 12. Fiscal Rules for Subnational Governments? Evidence from Latin America Veronica Grembi and Alvaro Manoel 13. Intergovernmental Reforms in Latin America, ‘Asian Transplants’ and the Role of International Agencies Ehtisham Ahmad Index

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Book SynopsisThis timely book reveals that the budget deficits and accumulating debts that plague modern democracies reflect a clash between two rationalities of governance: one of private property and one of common property. The clashing of these rationalities at various places in society creates forms of societal tectonics that play out through budgeting. The book demonstrates that while this clash is an inherent feature of democratic political economy, it can nonetheless be limited through embracing once again a constitution of liberty. Not all commons settings have tragic outcomes, of course, but tragic outcomes loom large in democratic processes because they entail conflict between two very different forms of substantive rationality; the political and market rationalities. These are both orders that contain interactions among participants, but the institutional frameworks that govern those interactions differ, generating democratic budgetary tragedies. Those tragedies, moreover, are inherent in the conflict between the different rationalities and so cannot be eliminated. They can, as this book argues, be reduced by restoring a constitution of liberty in place of the constitution of control that has taken shape throughout the west over the past century. Economists interested in public finance, public policy and political economy along with scholars of political science, public administration, law and political philosophy will find this book intriguing. Contents: Preface 1. Budgeting: The Elusive Quest for Fiscal Responsibility 2. Budgeting and Political Economy: A Theoretical Framework 3. Budget Deficits, Ricardian Equivalence, and Macro-Micro Supervenience 4. Property Rights, Societal Tectonics, and the Fiscal Commons 5. Parliamentary Assemblies as Peculiar Market Bazaars 6. Taxation, Fiscal Politics, and Political Pricing 7. Regulation as Alternative Taxation 8. Public Finance for a Constitution of Liberty Bibliography IndexTrade ReviewDeficits, Debt, and Democracy is an important book which should hopefully shakeup public finance. Wagner's focus on the entanglement of politics and markets and on budgetary outcomes as the products of competition and spontaneous ordering on the fiscal commons is insightful. His framework provides plausible explanations for observed budgetary outcomes (e.g., persistent deficits) and casts serious doubt on continued efforts to correct them. It also injects a welcome degree of complexity to an area which for far too long has been treated as relatively easy to model. As such, it is a welcome addition to the literature, and presents a formidable challenge to those who would espouse the merits and conclusions of more traditional approaches.' --George R. Crowley, Review of Austrian Economics'With Wagner's book, we now have a theoretical ice pick to pierce through the obvious outcomes on the surface to get a glimpse at the processes behind it.' --Wolf von Laer, Journal of the History of Economic Thought'Richard Wagner's Deficits, Debt, and Democracy: Wrestling with Tragedy on the Fiscal Commons is essentially a sequel to his 2007 book, Fiscal Sociology and the Theory of Public Finance. . . Wagner's framework merits wide attention. Specialists in public choice or public nance should put both Deficits, Debt and Democracy and Fiscal Sociology at the top of their reading lists. Wagner's framework could shed light on a great many questions beyond public finance, leading one to hope that this book is but one sequel in an ongoing franchise.' --Adam Martin, Zentralblatt MATHTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Budgeting: The Elusive Quest for Fiscal Responsibility 2. Budgeting and Political Economy: A Theoretical Framework 3. Budget Deficits, Ricardian Equivalence, and Macro–Micro Supervenience 4. Property Rights, Societal Tectonics, and the Fiscal Commons 5. Parliamentary Assemblies as Peculiar Market Bazaars 6. Taxation, Fiscal Politics, and Political Pricing 7. Regulation as Alternative Taxation 8. Public Finance for a Constitution of Liberty Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThrough her judicious selection of previously published material, Dr Konzelmann investigates the key social, political and financial developments that have shaped the evolution of austerity economics. These include the early classical debates, the politicization of austerity, the Keynesian challenge to existing thought and the revival of pre-Keynesian 'Neo-Liberal' ideas during the 1970s. Discussion of the radical changes to economic thought and policy in the decades before the 2007-8 financial crisis and the key dimensions of the post 2007-8 debate bring the account right up to the present day.The editor's insightful and lucid introduction provides an illuminating guide to this crucial topic. The volume will be an invaluable resource for students and scholars seeking a wider understanding of austerity economics. Table of ContentsContents: Acknowledgements Introduction Suzanne J. Konzelmann PART I THE CLASSICAL DEBATE ABOUT AUSTERITY 1. Bernard Mandeville ([1714, 1732] 1924/1988), ‘The Grumbling Hive or Knaves Turned Honest’ and ‘An Enquiry into the Origin of Moral Virtue’ 2. Isaac De Pinto (1774), ‘New Means of increasing the Sinking Fund of England, and paying off Part of the National Debt’ 3. David Hume ([1742, 1777] 1985), ‘Of Public Credit’ 4. Adam Smith ([1776] 1976), ‘Of publick Debts’ 5. David Ricardo ([1821] 1846), ‘Essay on the Funding System’ 6. John Stuart Mill ([1848] 1965), ‘Of a National Debt’ PART II FROM WARFARE TO WELFARE – THE POLITICIZATION OF AUSTERITY 7. John Ruskin (1862-63), ’Laws and Government: Labour and Riches’ 8. W.H. Beveridge (1931), ‘Conclusion’ 9. J.A. Hobson (1909), ‘Socialism and the Social Income’ 10. C.E. Ayres (1918), ‘The Function and Problems of Economic Theory’ PART III THE BRITISH “TREASURY VIEW”, THE “KEYNESIAN” CHALLENGE AND THE POLITICS OF AUSTERITY 11. R.G. Hawtrey (1925), ‘Public Expenditure and the Demand for Labour’ 12. John Maynard Keynes and Hubert Henderson ([1929] 2012), ‘Can Lloyd George Do It?’ 13. Winston Churchill (1929), ‘Disposal of Surplus’ 14. Paul H. Douglas (1927), ‘The Modern Technique of Mass Production and its Relation to Wages’ 15. David Laidler and Roger Sandilands (2002), ‘Memorandum Prepared by L.B. Currie, P.T. Ellsworth and H.D. White (Cambridge, Mass., January 1932)’ 16. United States Congress, House, Committee on Ways and Means (1932), ‘Memorandum to Hon Samuel B. Pettengill, dated April 26th, 1932’ 17. J.M. Keynes ([1933] 2012), ‘Open Letter to President Roosevelt, New York Times, 31 December 1933’ 18. D.H. Macgregor, A.C. Pigou, J.M. Keynes, Walter Layton, Arthur Salter and J.C. Stamp ([1932] 2012), ‘Letter to the Editor of The Times 17 October 1932’ 19. T.E. Gregory, F.A. Von Hayek, Arnold Plant and Lionel Robbins (1932), ‘Letter to the Editor of The Times, October 19, 1932’ 20. D.H. Macgregor, A.C. Pigou, J.M. Keynes, Walter Layton, Arthur Salter and J.C. Stamp ([1932] 2012), ‘Letter to the Editor of The Times, 21 October 1932’ 21. John Maynard Keynes ([1933] 2012), ‘The Means to Prosperity’, in Elizabeth Johnson and Donald Moggridge (eds), The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes. Volume 9: Essays in Persuasion, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press for the Royal Economic Society, 335-6, 338-66 [31] 22. J.M. Keynes ([1937] 2012), ‘“How to Avoid a Slump: I. The Problem of the Steady Level”, The Times, 12 January, 1937’ 23. J.M. Keynes ([1937] 2012), ‘“How to Avoid a Slump: II. “Dear” Money. The Right Time for Austerity”, The Times, 13 January 1937’ 24. J.M. Keynes ([1937] 2012), ‘“How to Avoid a Slump: III. Opportunities of Policy”, The Times. 14 January, 1937’ 25. Abba P. Lerner (1943), ‘Functional Finance and the Federal Debt’ 26. J.K. Galbraith (1939), ‘Fiscal Policy and the Employment-Investment Controversy’ 27. M. Kalecki (1943), ‘Political Aspects of Full Employment’ PART IV NEO-LIBERALISM, DEFICIT GROWTH AND EXPOSURE TO FINANCIAL MARKETS 28. Joan Robinson and Frank Wilkinson (1977), ‘What has become of Employment Policy?’ 29. Nigel Lawson (1984), ‘The British Experiment’ 30. Evelyne Huber, Charles Ragin and John D. Stephens (1993), ‘Social Democracy, Christian Democracy, Constitutional Structure, and the Welfare State’ 31. Paul Pierson (1996), ‘The New Politics of the Welfare State’ 32. Francesco Giavazzi and Marco Pagano (1990), ‘Can Severe Fiscal Contractions Be Expansionary? Tales of Two Small European Countries’ 33. Olivier Jean Blanchard (1990), ‘Comment on Francesco Giavazzi and Marco Pagano, “Can Severe Fiscal Consolidations Be Expansionary? Tales of Two Small European Countries”’ 34. Giuseppe Bertola and Allan Drazen (1993), ‘Trigger Points and Budget Cuts: Explaining the Effects of Fiscal Austerity’ 35. Robert J. Barro (1989), ‘The Ricardian Approach to Budget Deficits’ 36. B. Douglas Bernheim (1989), ‘A Neoclassical Perspective on Budget Deficits’ 37. Robert Eisner (1989), ‘Budget Deficits: Rhetoric and Reality’ 38. Mario Seccareccia (2012), ‘The Role of Public Investment as Principal Macroeconomic Tool to Promote Long-Term Growth: Keynes’s Legacy’ 39. Robert M. Solow (2005), ‘Rethinking Fiscal Policy’ PART V THE ECONOMICS OF AUSTERITY IN THE WAKE OF THE 2007/8 FINANCIAL CRISIS 40. John H. Cochrane (2011), ‘Understanding Policy in the Great Recession: Some Unpleasant Fiscal Arithmetic’ 41. P. Krugman (2012), ‘Austerity is So Wrong!’ 42. Simon Wren-Lewis (2010), ‘Macroeconomic Policy in Light of the Credit Crunch: The Return of Counter-cyclical Fiscal Policy?’ 43. Robert H. Wade and Silla Sigurgeirsdottir (2012), ‘Iceland’s Rise, Fall, Stabilisation and Beyond’ 44. Robert Boyer (2012), ‘The Four Fallacies of Contemporary Austerity Policies: The Lost Keynesian Legacy’ 45. Yiannis Kitromilides (2011), ‘Deficit Reduction, the Age of Austerity, and the Paradox of Insolvency’ 46. International Monetary Fund (2010), ‘Will It Hurt? Macroeconomic Effects of Fiscal Consolidation’ 47. Jeffrey A. Frieden (2009), Global Imbalances, National Rebalancing and the Political Economy of Recovery, Center for Geoeconomic Studies and International Institutions and Global Governance Program Working Paper

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Book SynopsisThe recent global financial crisis has challenged conventional wisdom, and our conception of globalization has been called into question. This challenging and timely book revisits the relationship between globalization, the crisis and the state from an interdisciplinary perspective, with law, economics and political science underpinning the analysis.The expert contributors consider the Washington Consensus and its aftermath across Australia, China, the EU, New Zealand and South Africa in light of the financial crisis, encompassing public policy issues including banking reform, privatisation and state owned enterprise. The clash between market and state capitalism and the response of market capitalism to the crisis are also explored.This book draws together truly multidisciplinary discussions of the main issues for contemporary society in the face of globalization, and defines how these issues relate to each other. As such, it will prove a stimulating read for academics, researchers, postgraduate students and policymakers with an interest in law, economics and politics.Contributors: M. Ariff, T. Booth, L. Boulle, J. Bröhmer, J. Chen, J.H. Farrar, G.A. Hodge, C.-C. Huang, D.G. Mayes, A. Noon, L. Parsons, M. Regan, C.D. Stoltenberg, S. Watson, M. Wilson, X. YangTable of ContentsContents: 1. Globalisation, the Crisis and the State: Introduction John H. Farrar and David G. Mayes PART I: INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES 2. Modernising the State: The New Zealand Experience Margaret Wilson 3. Rebuilding State Systems Post-GFC: The South African Case Laurence Boulle 4. Chinese Multinationals and the State: An Institutional Perspective Xiaohua Yang and Clyde D. Stoltenberg 5. The EU and the Member States: Germany and Supranationalism in Times of Financial Crises Jürgen Bröhmer PART II: COMMERCIAL PERSPECTIVES 6. Corporatisation in Australia: A Queensland Perspective Tahnee Booth and Adrian Noon 7. Putting ‘Why’ Before ‘How’: Evaluating the Rationales for Partial Privatisation of State-owned Enterprises in New Zealand Chye-Ching Huang, Susan Watson and Jenny Chen 8. Public Project Procurement and the Case for Public–Private Partnerships Michael Regan 9. Rethinking the State through the Lens of Regulatory Governance Graeme A. Hodge 10. Developments in Central Banking After the GFC: Central Banks, the State, Globalisation and the GFC Louise Parsons 11. The Euro Crisis David G. Mayes 12. The Governance and Regulation of Sovereign Wealth Funds and Foreign Exchange Reserves in a Post-GFC World Mohamed Ariff and John H. Farrar Index

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Book SynopsisThis insightful book brings together both academics and researchers from a variety of international organizations and aid agencies to explore the complexities of public private partnerships (PPPs) as a resurgent, hybrid mode of educational governance that operates across scales, from the community to the global. The contributors expertly study the different types of partnership arrangements and thoroughly critique the value of PPPs. Some chapters explore how PPPs, as a policy idea, have been constructed in transnational agendas for educational development and circulated globally, while other chapters explore the role and implications of PPPs in developing countries, providing arguments for and against an expanding reliance on PPPs in national educational systems. The theoretical framing of the book draws upon leading theories of international relations to develop a unique perspective on the global governance of education. It will prove insightful for both scholars and policy makers in public policy and education. Contributors: F. Barrera-Osorio, Z. Bhanji, A. Draxler, S. Fennell, M. Ginsburg, J. Guaqueta, J. Harma, A.V. Jaimovich, A.A. Marphatia, F. Menashy, K. Mundy, S.-A. Oh, H.A. Patrinos, S.L. Robertson, M. Ron-Balsera, P. Rose, P. Srivastava, J. van Fleet, A. VergerTrade Review'Far from simply being a form of cost sharing between the ''state'' and the ''market,'' PPP has been celebrated by some, and condemned by others, as the champion of change in the new millennium. This book has been written by the best minds in education policy, political economy, and development studies. They convincingly argue that public private partnership represents a new mode of governance that ranges from covert support of the private sector (vouchers, subsidies) to overt collaboration with corporate actors in the rapidly growing education industry. The analyses are simply brilliant and indispensable for understanding how and why this particular best/worst practice went global.' --Gita Steiner-Khamsi, Columbia University, New York, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. An Introduction to Public Private Partnerships and Education Governance Susan L. Robertson, Karen Mundy, Antoni Verger and Francine Menashy PART I: THE RISE OF PPPs IN EDUCATION: HISTORY AND CONCEPTUAL DEBATES 2. Governing Education through Public Private Partnerships Susan L. Robertson and Antoni Verger 3. International PPPs in Education: New Potential or Privatizing Public Goods? Alexandra Draxler 4. Public Private Partnerships, Neoliberal Globalization and Democratization Mark Ginsburg PART II: UNDERSTANDING TRANSNATIONAL PPP ACTORS 5. The Role of the International Finance Corporation in the Promotion of Public Private Partnerships for Educational Development Karen Mundy and Francine Menashy 6. The GATS Game-changer: International Trade Regulation and the Constitution of a Global Education Marketplace Antoni Verger and Susan L. Robertson 7. Private Foundations, Philanthropy and Partnership in Education and Development: Mapping the Terrain Prachi Srivastava and Su-Ann Oh 8. A Disconnect between Motivations and Education Needs: Why American Corporate Philanthropy Alone Will Not Educate the Most Marginalized Justin van Fleet 9. Microsoft Corporation: A Case Study of Corporate-led PPPs in Education Zahra Bhanji PART III: THE IMPACT OF PPPs IN EDUCATION: EVIDENCE FROM THE FIELD 10. The Role and Impact of Public Private Partnerships in Education Felipe Barrera-Osorio, Juliana Guaqueta and Harry Anthony Patrinos 11. Do Public Private Partnerships Fulfil the Right to Education? An Examination of the Role of Non-state Actors in Advancing Equity, Equality and Justice Maria Ron-Balsera and Akanksha A. Marphatia 12. Is Low-fee Private Primary Schooling Affordable for the Poor? Evidence from Rural India Joanna Härmä and Pauline Rose 13. Why Girls’ Education Rather than Gender Equality? The Strange Political Economy of PPPs in Pakistan Shailaja Fennell 14. The Role of Central Management Structures in Public Private Partnerships: The Case of Fe y Alegría Schools in Peru Analía V. Jaimovich Index

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Book Synopsis'Carrera and Dunleavy provide a crystal clear and comprehensive account of the complex issues involved in how best to improve the productivity of government services. They offer a nuanced but powerful explanation of productivity puzzles, conundrums and dilemmas in the public sector. But they also offer solutions to many of these problems. Finally, I have found a text on public economics that makes sense, gives genuine management insights and offers real suggestions to practitioners as to what to do next.'- Barry Quirk, Chief Executive, London Borough of Lewisham, UK'This book presents a welcome and sobering analysis of productivity performance in UK central government - a subject that has received remarkably little serious academic attention up to now, in spite of decades of general commentary on managerialism.'- Christopher Hood, All Souls College, UK'Leandro Carrera and Patrick Dunleavy have performed an amazing feat in this book through their rigorous examination of a thorny topic that has dogged pundits and academics alike. Just how efficient is government and how well does it do its job? As a result of an impressive - but accessible - set of data analyses, the authors make an authoritative attack on the proponents of the New Public Management, and offer some clear recommendations for reform based on better use of new technology.'- Peter John, University College London, UKProductivity is essentially the ratio of an organization's outputs divided by its inputs. For many years it was treated as always being static in government agencies. In fact productivity in government services should be rising rapidly as a result of digital changes and new management approaches, and it has done so in some agencies. However, Dunleavy and Carrera show for the first time how complex are the factors affecting productivity growth in government organizations - especially management practices, use of IT, organizational culture, strategic mis-decisions and political and policy churn.With government budgets under stress in many countries, this pioneering book shows academics, analysts and officials how to measure outputs and productivity in detail; how to cope with problems of quality variations; and how to achieve year-on-year, sustainable improvements in the efficiency of government services.Trade ReviewDunleavy and Carrera have performed a difficult, burdensome, original, practical and innovative service to the public sector practitioners and academic observers of public administration and public sector management. This is a book that simply had to be written, but it took a colossal amount of time, effort and experience to do so, and to do it so well. --LSE Review of BooksThis is an innovative book that aims to address lacunae in both the public administration and management literature. It is an informed disquisition on how to measure and thence to increase productivity in the delivery of public services. . . . The book is both an original research-based treatise and a practical guide to action. In this reader's eyes it is required reading for both academics and practitioners. . . . Dunleavy and Carrera have performed a difficult, burdensome, original, practical and innovative service to the public sector practitioners and academic observers of public administration and public sector management. This is a book that simply had to be written, but it took a colossal amount of time, effort and experience to do so, and to do it so well. --LSE review of booksThis is an important book, one that should be read by academics and practitioners alike. . . The authors address what is a central issue both for academic public administration and for the ''real thing''. How can the productivity of governments be improved? Given the large sizes of public sectors throughout the OECD [this question] has become an absolutely vital one. The field of public administration and public policy needs more work like this - academically thorough, yet hard-hitting, policy-relevant and willing to come forward with broad proposals for improving how governments run their (our) affairs. --Christopher Pollitt, International Review of Administrative SciencesTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction: Why has Government Productivity been so Neglected in Economics and Public Management? Part I: Nationally Provided Government Services 2. Studying National Agencies’ Productivity 3. Rapid Productivity Growth – Customs Regulation 4. Growing Productivity Gradually – Tax Services 5. How Productivity can Remain Unchanged Despite Major Investments – Social Security 6. Broadening the Picture – Two National Regulatory Agencies Part II: Analysing Decentralized Government Services 7. Methods and Quality Issues in Analysing Complex and Localized Services 8. Hospital Productivity in England’s National Health Service Part III: Sustainable Increases in Productivity 9. Embracing Digital Change and Enhancing Organizational Learning 10. Pushing through to Productivity Advances References Index

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Book SynopsisIn the efficient delivery of local public services, size matters. Many countries around the world have vertical government structures that are perceived as inefficient because of their high levels of jurisdictional fragmentation. This timely volume examines the different strategies used to address local government fragmentation and their observed results and consequences.Expert contributors in economics and political science offer a comprehensive breakdown of the issue of local jurisdiction fragmentation and provide recommendations for successful policy reform. Topics discussed include economies of scale, the costs and benefits of voluntary and forced amalgamation programs, the correlation between government size and corruption, privatization, and inter-municipal cooperation. A combination of theory and empirical evidence provides depth and makes this book an invaluable addition to the literature.Economists, public administrators and political scientists will find much of interest in this innovative volume, as will professors, students and international institutions with an interest in local government structure and reform.Contributors: R. Andrews, G. Bel, N. Charron, B. Dafflon, L. de Mello, B. Dollery, J. Fernández-Albertos, N. Fiorino, E. Galli, J.L. Gómez-Reino, B. Grant, M. Kortt, S. Lago-Peñas, V. Lapuente, J. Martinez-Vazquez, M.A. Nelson, F. Padovano, M.E. WarnerTrade Review'This set of essays does a remarkably good job of revisiting the question of local government size. The editors (Lago-Penas and Martinez-Vazquez) have cast the net broadly with an interesting update on thinking about how the question of city size fits into the contemporary literature of fiscal federalism. . . This is a reference book that will have a place on the shelf of those who study fiscal federalism. . . This is a reference book that will have a place on the shelf of those who study fiscal federalism.' --Roy Bahl, Oxford JournalsTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction to the Volume Santiago Lago-Peñas and Jorge Martinez-Vazquez 2. An International Perspective on the Determinants of Local Government Fragmentation Juan Luis Gómez-Reino and Jorge Martinez-Vazquez 3. Small is Different: Size, Political Representation and Governance Nicholas Charron, José Fernández-Albertos and Victor Lapuente 4. Corruption and the Size of Local Governments: Are they Related? Michael A. Nelson 5. Do Fiscal Decentralization and Government Fragmentation Affect Corruption in Different Ways? Evidence from a Panel Data Analysis Nadia Fiorino, Emma Galli and Fabio Padovano 6. Local Government Size and Efficiency in Capital-Intensive Services: What Evidence is there of Economies of Scale, Density and Scope? Germà Bel 7. Local Government Size and Efficiency in Labor-Intensive Public Services: Evidence from Local Educational Authorities in England Rhys Andrews 8. Voluntary Amalgamation of Local Governments: The Swiss Debate in the European Context Bernard Dafflon 9. Local Government Cooperation for Joint Provision: The Experiences of Brazil and Spain with Inter-Municipal Consortia Luiz de Mello and Santiago Lago-Peñas 10. Options for Rationalizing Local Government Structure: A Policy Agenda Brian Dollery, Michael Kortt and Bligh Grant 11. Does Local Government Size Matter? Privatization and Hybrid Systems of Local Service Delivery Mildred E. Warner Index

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Book SynopsisIn recent decades countries around the world have seen a wide diversity of tax reforms, both in major systematic changes, and through more specific areas of tax, such as value-added and income tax. The results of these reforms, however, have been unequal, and many issues remain unresolved. With advances in globalization, technology and regional integration, the issue of adapting tax systems in developing countries to new economic environments is becoming ever more pressing. This research review surveys the best research from the past three decades on tax reform in developing countries to highlight the state of knowledge of tax reform, analyse useful policy options and present new and critical approaches to this critical issue.Table of ContentsContents: Acknowledgements Introduction James Alm and Jorge Martinez-Vazquez PART I TRENDS IN TAX STRUCTURE 1. Roy W. Bahl and Richard M. Bird (2008), ‘Tax Policy in Developing Countries: Looking Back—and Forward’, National Tax Journal, LXI (2), June, 279–301 2. Saeid Mahdavi (2008), ‘The Level and Composition of Tax Revenue in Developing Countries: Evidence from Unbalanced Panel Data’, International Review of Economics and Finance, 17 (4), October, 607–17 3. Roger Gordon and Wei Li (2009), ‘Tax Structures in Developing Countries: Many Puzzles and a Possible Explanation’, Journal of Public Economics, 93 (7–8), August, 855–66 4. Michael Keen and Ben Lockwood (2010), ‘The Value Added Tax: Its Causes and Consequences’, Journal of Development Economics, 92 (2), July, 138–51 5. Jorge Martinez-Vazquez, Violeta Vulovic, and Yongzheng Liu (2011), ‘Direct Versus Indirect Taxation: Trends, Theory, and Economic Significance’,in Emilio Albi and Jorge Martinez-Vazquez (eds), The Elgar Guide to Tax Systems, Chapter 2, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 37–92 6. Klara Sabirianova Peter, Steve Buttrick, and Denvil Duncan (2010), ‘Global Reform of Personal Income Taxation, 1981–2005: Evidence from 189 Countries’, National Tax Journal, 63 (3), September, 447–78 7. Jorge Martinez-Vazquez and Robert M. McNab (2000), ‘The Tax Reform Experiment in Transitional Countries’, National Tax Journal, LIII (2), June, 273–98 8. Vito Tanzi and Howell H. Zee (2000), ‘Tax Policy for Emerging Markets: Developing Countries’, National Tax Journal, LIII (2), June, 299–322 PART II TAX REFORM AND REVENUES 9. Richard M. Bird, Jorge Martinez-Vazquez and Benno Torgler (2008), ‘Tax Effort in Developing Countries and High Income Countries: The Impact of Corruption, Voice and Accountability’, Economic Analysis and Policy, 38 (1), March, 55–71 10. Emmanuelle Auriol and Michael Warlters (2005), ‘Taxation Base in Developing Countries’, Journal of Public Economics, 89 (4), April, 625–46 PART III TAX REFORM AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION 11. Thomas Piketty and Nancy Qian (2009), ‘Income Inequality and Progressive Income Taxation in China and India, 1986–2015’, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1 (2), April, 53–63 12. Jean-Yves Duclos, Paul Makdissi and Abdelkrim Araar (2014), ‘Pro-Poor Indirect Tax Reforms, with an Application to Mexico’, International Tax and Public Finance, 21 (1), February, 87–118 13. Dillon Alleyne (2007), ‘The Evolution of Jamaica’s Tax Burden’, Public Finance Review, 35 (1), January, 150–71 14. Jorge Martínez-Vázquez, Violeta Vulovic and Blanca Moreno-Dodson (2012), ‘The Impact of Tax and Expenditure Policies on Income Distribution: Evidence from a Large Panel of Countries’, Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics, 200 (4), 95–130 15. Richard M. Bird and Eric M. Zolt (2005), ‘Redistribution via Taxation: The Limited Role of the Personal Income Tax in Developing Countries’, UCLA Law Review, 52 (6), August, 1627–95 16. Norman Gemmell and Oliver Morrissey (2005), ‘Distribution and Poverty Impacts of Tax Structure Reform in Developing Countries: How Little We Know’, Development Policy Review, 23 (2), March, 131–44 17. Jorge Martinez-Vazquez (2008), ‘The Impact of Budgets on the Poor: Tax and Expenditure Benefit Incidence Analysis’, in Blanca Moreno-Dodson and Quentin Wodon (eds), Public Finance for Poverty Reduction, Chapter 5, Washington, DC: The World Bank, 113–62 PART IV TAX REFORM, EFFICIENCY AND GROWTH 18. Ehtisham Ahmad and Nicholas Stern (1984), ‘The Theory of Reform and Indian Indirect Taxes’, Journal of Public Economics, 25 (3), December, 259–98 19. David M. Newbery (1997), ‘Optimal Tax Rates and Tax Design during Systemic Reform’, Journal of Public Economics, 63 (2), January, 177–206 20. M. Shahe Emran and Joseph E. Stiglitz (2005), ‘On Selective Indirect Tax Reform in Developing Countries’, Journal of Public Economics, 89 (4), April, 599–623 21. Michael Keen (2008), ‘VAT, Tariffs, and Withholding: Border Taxes and Informality in Developing Countries’, Journal of Public Economics, 92 (10–11), October, 1892–906 22. Emmanuelle Auriol and Michael Warlters (2012), ‘The Marginal Cost of Public Funds and Tax Reform in Africa’, Journal of Development Economics, 97 (1), January, 58–72 23. Young Lee and Roger H. Gordon (2005), ‘Tax Structure and Economic Growth’, Journal of Public Economics, 89 (5–6), June, 1027–43 24. Jens Matthias Arnold, Bert Brys, Christopher Heady, Åsa Johansson, Cyrille Schwellnus and Laura Vartia (2011), ‘Tax Policy for Economic Recovery and Growth’, Economic Journal, 121 (550), February, F59–F80 Index Volume II Acknowledgements An introduction to both volumes by the editors appears in Volume I PART I TAX REFORM AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT 1. S.M. Ali Abbas and Alexander Klemm (2013), ‘A Partial Race to the Bottom: Corporate Tax Developments in Emerging and Developing Economies’, International Tax and Public Finance, 20 (4), August, 596–617 2. Céline Azémar and Andrew Delios (2008), ‘Tax Competition and FDI: The Special Case of Developing Countries’, Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 22 (1), March, 85–108 3. Timothy Goodspeed, Jorge Martinez-Vazquez and Li Zhang (2011), ‘Public Policies and FDI Location: Differences between Developing and Developed Countries’, FinanzArchiv/Public Finance Analysis, 67 (2), 171–91 4. Howell H. Zee, Janet G. Stotsky and Eduardo Ley (2002), ‘Tax Incentives for Business Investment: A Primer for Policy Makers in Developing Countries’, World Development, 30 (9), September, 1497–1516 5. Alexander Klemm (2010), ‘Causes, Benefits, and Risks of Business Tax Incentives’, International Tax and Public Finance, 17 (3), June, 315–36 PART II TAX REFORM AND THE HARD-TO-TAX 6. James Alm, Jorge Martinez-Vazquez and Friedrich Schneider (2004), ‘“Sizing” the Problem of the Hard-to-Tax’, in James Alm, Jorge Martinez-Vazquez and Sally Wallace (eds), Taxing the Hardto- Tax: Lessons from Theory and Practice, Chapter 2, Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier, 11–75 7. James Alm, Roy Bahl and Matthew N. Murray (1991), ‘Tax Base Erosion in Developing Countries’, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 39 (4), July, 849–72 8. Benjamin A. Olken and Monica Singhal (2011), ‘Informal Taxation’, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3 (4), October, 1–28 9. Arindam Das-Gupta, Shanto Ghosh and Dilip Mookherjee (2004), ‘Tax Administration Reform and Taxpayer Compliance in India’, International Tax and Public Finance, 11 (5), September, 575–600 10. Henrik J. Kleven and Mazhar Waseem (2013), ‘Using Notches to Uncover Optimization Frictions and Structural Elasticities: Theory and Evidence from Pakistan’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128 (2), May, 669–723 PART III TAX REFORM AND SUBNATIONAL TAXES 11. Roy Bahl and Richard Bird (2008), ‘Subnational Taxes in Developing Countries: The Way Forward’, Public Budgeting and Finance, 28 (4), Winter, 1–25 12. James Alm and Yongzheng Liu (2014), ‘China’s Tax-for-Fee Reform and Village Inequality’, Oxford Development Studies, 42 (1), 38–64 13. Jorge Martínez-Vázquez (2007), ‘Revenue Assignments in the Practice of Fiscal Decentralization’, in Núria Bosch and José M. Durán (eds), Fiscal Federalism and Political Decentralization: Lessons from Spain, Germany and Canada, Chapter 2, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 27–55 PART IV TAX REFORM AND TAX ADMINISTRATION 14. Richard Goode (1993), ‘Tax Advice to Developing Countries: An Historical Survey’, World Development, 21 (1), January, 37–53 15. Knud J. Munk (2008), ‘Tax-Tariff Reform with Costs of Tax Administration’, International Tax and Public Finance, 15 (6), December, 647–67 16. Lawrence W. Kenny and Stanley L. Winer (2006), ‘Tax Systems in the World: An Empirical Investigation into the Importance of Tax Bases, Administration Costs, Scale and Political Regime’, International Tax and Public Finance, 13 (2–3), May, 181–215 17. Charles L. Vehorn (2011), ‘Fiscal Adjustment in Developing Countries through Tax Administration Reform’, Journal of Developing Areas, 45 (1), Fall, 323–38 18. Richard M. Bird (2004), ‘Administrative Dimensions of Tax Reform’, Asia-Pacific Tax Bulletin, 10 (3), March, 134–50 19. Jorge Martinez-Vazquez and Andrey Timofeev (2010), ‘Choosing between Centralized and Decentralized Models of Tax Administration’, International Journal of Public Administration, 33 (12–13), 601–19 PART V THE POLITICS OF TAX REFORM 20. Odd-Helge Fjeldstad and Mick Moore (2008), ‘Tax Reform and State-Building in a Globalised World’, in Deborah A. Bräutigam, Odd-Helge Fjeldstad and Mick Moore (eds), Taxation and State- Building in Developing Countries: Capacity and Consent, Chapter 10, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 235–60, bibliography 21. John Toye (2000), ‘Fiscal Crisis and Fiscal Reform in Developing Countries’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 24 (1), January, 21–44 22. Micael Castanheira, Gaëtan Nicodème and Paola Profeta (2012),’ On the Political Economics of Tax Reforms: Survey and Empirical Assessment’,International Tax and Public Finance, 19 (4), August, 598–624 23. Walter Hettich and Stanley L. Winer (1988), ‘Economic and Political Foundations of Tax Structure’, American Economic Review, 78 (4), September, 701–12 24. Antonis Adam (2009), ‘Fiscal Reliance on Tariff Revenues: In Search of a Political Economy Explanation?’, Review of Development Economics, 13 (4), November, 610–25 25. Malcolm Gillis (1985), ‘Micro and Macroeconomics of Tax Reform: Indonesia’, Journal of Development Economics, 19 (3), December, 221–54 Index

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Book SynopsisThis is a very stimulating book which should be read by everyone who wants to gain an understanding of the latest developments in the shadow economy.'- Friedrich Schneider, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Austria'Professor Williams is to be congratulated for this timely contribution - a fresh addition to the literature. As he explains, the recognition that the shadow economy is diverse and extensive has led to a rethinking of how to tackle it. In a reader-friendly fashion, the author explains the variable magnitude of and variable character of the shadow economy; he then discusses policy approaches, deterrence measures and incentives. The result is of interest to the policy-maker as well as to academics.'- Léo-Paul DANA, Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier Business School, FranceThis authoritative monograph explores the effectiveness and transferability of the rapidly expanding range of policy approaches and measures available as weaponry in the fight against the shadow economy.Beginning with a review of the extent of undeclared work, the author discusses the discrepancies between regions and the potential impacts of the economic crisis, comparing the nature of the potential solutions available with those actually adopted. The way forward, the book concludes, is to move away from increasing the costs of engaging in hidden work using repressive measures, and concentrate more on developing initiatives that enhance the benefits of engaging in declared work and increase the likelihood of compliance by engendering a commitment to tax morality.This insightful and unique exposition will have considerable appeal to academics, practitioners and policy-makers across the globe involved in the fight against undeclared work.Contents: 1. Introduction Part I Extent and Nature of the Shadow Economy 2. The Variable Magnitude of the Shadow Economy 3. The Variable Character of the Shadow Economy Part II Policy Approaches 4. Evaluating the Policy Options 5. A Typology of Policy Measures Part III Direct Controls 6. Deterrence Measures 7. Supply-Side Incentives for Businesses 8. Supply-Side Incentives for Individuals 9. Demand-Side Incentives Part IV Indirect Controls 10. Commitment Measures 11. Broader Economic and Social Policies 12. Conclusions References IndexTrade Review‘An impressive work of substantial scholarship, Confronting the Shadow Economy: Evaluating Tax Compliance and Behaviour Policies is a critical important contribution to academic and governmental library economics references collections and supplemental studies lists.’ -- The Midwest Book Review'This is a very stimulating book which should be read by everyone who wants to gain an understanding of the latest developments in the shadow economy.' -- Friedrich Schneider, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Austria'Professor Williams is to be congratulated for this timely contribution – a fresh addition to the literature. As he explains, the recognition that the shadow economy is diverse and extensive has led to a rethinking of how to tackle it. In a reader-friendly fashion, the author explains the variable magnitude of and variable character of the shadow economy; he then discusses policy approaches, deterrence measures and incentives. The result is of interest to the policy-maker as well as to academics.' -- Léo-Paul DANA, Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier Business School, FranceTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction Part I Extent and Nature of the Shadow Economy 2. The Variable Magnitude of the Shadow Economy 3. The Variable Character of the Shadow Economy Part II Policy Approaches 4. Evaluating the Policy Options 5. A Typology of Policy Measures Part III Direct Controls 6. Deterrence Measures 7. Supply-Side Incentives for Businesses 8. Supply-Side Incentives for Individuals 9. Demand-Side Incentives Part IV Indirect Controls 10. Commitment Measures 11. Broader Economic and Social Policies 12. Conclusions References Index

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Book SynopsisEconomics has a very strong paradigm, grounded in rational choice behavior and concepts of equilibrium in markets. But it has its weaknesses. These were never more apparent than in recent years after the failure to predict, or even understand the financial crisis of 2007-8 and the subsequent crisis of the euro. Exactly what these weaknesses are is of course the subject of much debate. But the crisis and the associated failures of the dominant paradigm have had at least one salutary side effect, of providing room for other ways of thinking to come forward and to be heard. This volume focuses on alternative approaches to public economics. It surveys a number of alternative approaches, and also provides some unusual perspectives. It includes contributions by well known economists such as Giorgio Brosio and Pierre Salmon, and a chapter by Coco and Fedeli employing a Marxian economic approach to public economics. Some of the chapters are very novel, including two chapters on cognitive dissonance and one on the role of memory in modeling cycles of extreme events. There are also chapters on Austrian economics. And there is a welcome discussion of economic approaches to religion and values, including a chapter on religion by the distinguished economist Dennis Mueller, and contributions on the role of values and ethics in politics and public economics. All in all, the book provides a most welcome sourcebook of new and sometimes very different ways of thinking about public economics.'- Ronald Wintrobe, Western UniversityThis comprehensive and thought-provoking Handbook reviews public sector economics from pluralist perspectives that either complement or reach beyond mainstream views.The book takes a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, drawing on economic elements in the fields of philosophy, sociology, psychology, history and law. The expert contributors present new methodological approaches across these disciplines in five distinct sections:- 'Revisiting the Theoretical Foundations' compares and contrasts Austrians, Marxists, public choice theorists and Keynesians- 'Revisiting the Values' is concerned with justice, welfare, religions and civil rights- 'Beyond Rationalistic Rational Choice' includes chapters devoted to memory, information and group motivation- The final sections on 'Optimal Government and Government Failure' and 'Public Economics of Public Bads' deal with competition among governments, their suboptimal size, regulation, corruption, the informal economy, cognitive dissonance, rent seeking, the UN and criminal cycles.Academics, researchers and students with an interest in economics - particularly public sector economics and Austrian economics - and public policy will find this Handbook to be an invaluable reference tool.Contributors: F. Acacia, J. Alm, G. Brady, G. Brosio, M. Caputo, M. Casson, G. Coco, M. Cubel Sanchez, S. Fedeli, M. Florio, F. Forte, N. Goldschmit, A. Habisch, M. Holler, J. Huerta de Soto, J.P. Jimenez, A. Koziashvili, M.A. Leroch, C. Magazzino, M. Mantovani, D. Montolio, R. Mudami, D.C. Mueller, S. Nitzan, D.M.A. Patti, P. Salin, P. Salmon, F. Sobbrio, V. Tanzi, Y. Tobol, B.A. Wickström, R. ZanolaTrade Review'A Handbook of Alternative Theories of Public Economics edited by Francesco Forte with co-editors seeks to rejuvenate public economics by examining the relevance of schools of economics which compete with the current mainstream. The approaches of public choice, Austrian, Marxian, supply side economics, and new institutional schools are contrasted to the neo-Keynesians and the new political economics. The Handbook highlights features of these schools and points out their long neglected importance in understanding the political economy of the public sector. The Handbook is an insightful, unconventional and imaginative book well worth reading by public choice experts, public sector analysts and practitioners.' -- Gordon Tullock, formerly of George Mason University School of Law, US‘A Handbook of Alternative Theories of Public Economics is especially welcome because it gathers studies on the problems of public economics from widely different angles. Long gone is the time when it was enough to study Musgrave to be up to date in the economics of government and social welfare. The field is now hotly disputed, so that this Handbook will prove informative about parts of the literature of which the specialist may be unaware. Prof. Forte, the principal editor, is co-author of four empirical studies on questions of the size, the finance and some particular effects of government. One of these is within a section on "Public bads" that includes articles on corruption and the informal economy not usually found in texts on public economics. There are essays extending the research programme of the Austrian School on the State to cycle theory and the euro. No less interesting are the articles on government failure. For me the collection has proved especially interesting for the number of essays on justice, fairness, utility and rationality: it is very convenient to have the different approaches to these contentious questions treated with no attempt to paper over the cracks.’ -- Pedro Schwartz, San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain‘Economics has a very strong paradigm, grounded in rational choice behavior and concepts of equilibrium in markets. But it has its weaknesses. These were never more apparent than in recent years after the failure to predict, or even understand the financial crisis of 2007-8 and the subsequent crisis of the euro. Exactly what these weaknesses are is of course the subject of much debate. But the crisis and the associated failures of the dominant paradigm have had at least one salutary side effect, of providing room for other ways of thinking to come forward and to be heard. This volume focuses on alternative approaches to public economics. It surveys a number of alternative approaches, and also provides some unusual perspectives. It includes contributions by well known economists such as Giorgio Brosio and Pierre Salmon, and a chapter by Coco and Fedeli employing a Marxian economic approach to public economics. Some of the chapters are very novel, including two chapters on cognitive dissonance and one on the role of memory in modeling cycles of extreme events. There are also chapters on Austrian economics. And there is a welcome discussion of economic approaches to religion and values, including a chapter on religion by the distinguished economist Dennis Mueller, and contributions on the role of values and ethics in politics and public economics. All in all, the book provides a most welcome sourcebook of new and sometimes very different ways of thinking about public economics.’ -- Ronald Wintrobe, Western University, CanadaTable of ContentsContents: PART I: REVISITING THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS 1. The Neglected Importance of the Austrian Thought in Public Economics Pascal Salin 2. In Defense of the Euro: An Austrian Perspective Jesús Huerta de Soto 3. Marxian Public Economics. With a Comment by Massimo Florio Giuseppe Coco and Silvia Fedeli 4. The Laffer Curve Muddle Vito Tanzi 5. Deficits, Tax Burden and Unemployment Silvia Fedeli and Francesco Forte PART II: REVISITING THE VALUES 6. Theories of Justice and Empirical Results Manfred Holler and Martin Leroch 7. Strategic Voting and Happiness Francesca Acacia and Maria Cubel Sanchez 8. Religious Parties Dennis C. Müller 9. Western Religion, Social Ethics and Public Economics Nils Goldschmit and Andre Habisch 10. Indigenes, Immigration, and Integration: A Welfare-Economics Approach to Minority Rights Bengt Arne Wickstrom PART III: BEYOND RATIONALISTIC RATIONAL CHOICE 11. The Role of Memory in Modeling Social and Economic Cycles of Extreme Events Michele Caputo 12. Expanding the Theory of Tax Compliance from Individual to Group Motivations James Alm 13. The Political Economy of News Media: Theory, Evidence and Open Issues Francesco Sobbrio PART IV: OPTIMAL GOVERNMENT AND GOVERNMENT FAILURE 14. How Significant is Yardstick Competition among Governments? Three Reasons to Dig Deeper Pierre Salmon 15. Optimal Size of Government and Optimal Ratio between Current and Capital Expenditure Francesco Forte and Cosimo Magazzino 16. Government Failures in Railway Public Policy. The British Case Mark Casson 17. Cognitive Dissonance, Iron Triangle and Rent seeking. Sequester and the Fiscal Cliff Gordon Brady 18. Cognitive Dissonance, Efficient and Inefficient Rent Seeking. Public Aid to the Movies Francesco Forte and Michela Mantovani PART V: PUBLIC ECONOMICS OF PUBLIC BADS 19. Bargaining in International Conflicts Resolution: UN Involvement and Conflict Settlement Dario Maimone Ansaldo Patti and Daniel Montolio 20. The Norm of Profits Extraction from Corruption by Bureaucracy and Market Size Arkadi Koziashvili, Shmuel Nitzan and Jossef Tobol 21. Alternative Views on the Origins and Impact of the Informal Economy Giorgio Brosio, Juan Pablo Jimenez and Roberto Zanola 22. Long-run and Shorter-run Criminal Cycles in the Economics of Public Bads Michele Caputo, Francesco Forte and Michela Mantovani

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Book SynopsisTaxation and Development highlights the importance of better understanding the ways in which taxes and expenditure are linked. Focusing on developing countries, the book argues for a broader approach to the topic, with a secondary focus on developing and applying new modeling techniques to country-specific data.The contributors demonstrate the critical importance of considering tax issues within the specific context of each country, taking into account not only the level and structure of its economic development but also its history, regional location, and political institutions. Individual chapters cover a range of issues both past and present, and offer insightful recommendations for future research and policy implementation. While a great deal of work has been done on the subject in recent decades, this comprehensive book reveals just how much more we have to learn.Taxation and Development will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of economics in general and in particular, taxation, development and public sector economics.Contributors: R. Bahl, R.M. Bird, M.R. Cyan, A. Feltenstein, W.F. Fox, R. Kelly, L. Lopes, Y.N. Madhoo, J. Martinez-Vazquez, T. Matheson, C.E. McLure, Jr., M.N. Murray, S. Nath, V. Perry, J. Porras-Mendoza, P. Smoke, C. Veung, V. Vulovic, S. Wallace, E.M. ZoltTable of ContentsContents: 1. Sustainable Development Requires a Good Tax System Jorge Martinez-Vazquez and Richard M. Bird PART I: TAXATION AND DEVELOPMENT: SURVEYING THE TERRAIN 2. New Approaches to Measuring Tax Effort Musharraf Rasool Cyan, Jorge Martinez-Vazquez and Violeta Vulovic 3. Modeling Tax Reform in Developing Countries Andrew Feltenstein, Luciana Lopes, Janet Porras-Mendoza, and Sally Wallace 4. Foreign Advice and Tax Policy in Developing Countries Richard M. Bird PART II: KEY ISSUES IN TAX POLICY 5. Territorial vs. Worldwide Corporate Taxation: Implications for Developing Countries Thornton Matheson, Victoria Perry, and Chandara Veung 6. Taxing the Small: Fostering Tax Compliance among Small Enterprises in Developing Countries William F. Fox and Matthew N. Murray 7. Taxation and Inequality in the Americas: Changing the Fiscal Contract? Richard M. Bird and Eric M. Zolt 8. Reforming Subsidies for Fossil Fuel Consumption: Killing Several Birds with One Stone Charles E. McLure, Jr. PART III: BELOW THE CENTER: SUBNATIONAL TAXATION 9. Why Theory and Practice are Different: The Gap between Principles and Reality in Subnational Revenue Systems Paul Smoke 10. Implementing Sustainable Property Tax Reform in Developing Countries Roy Kelly 11. Beneficiary Charges: The Cinderella of Subnational Finance Yeti Nicha Madhoo and Shyam Nath Part IV: LOOKING FORWARD 12. A Retropective on Taxation in Developing Countries: Will the Weakest Link be strengthened? Roy Bahl Index

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Book SynopsisHow can governments control spending pressure from influential groups, often representing powerful regional interests? This book is concerned with institutional solutions that allow modern nation states to balance historically grown cultural, political and economic diversity.Laura von Daniels combines different literatures in economics and political science, and draws on interviews with former government leaders, and country experts from international organizations. She applies this research to topics such as fiscal institutions and budget balances, presenting a critical review of different institutional approaches to resolving fiscal imbalances and public indebtedness.Students and scholars of various disciplines, including politics, public and social policy, economics and business will find the discussions and detailed description of institutional reforms in emerging market nations to be of use to their research. It will also be of interest to practitioners working on fiscal decentralization and budget control.Trade ReviewThis book makes an excellent contribution to our understanding of the role of budgetary institutions in fiscal stabilization in emerging market economies. Focusing on the governance structure Laura Von Daniels broadens the standard perspective in political science by analyzing the interplay between fiscal federalism and incentives of budget players. The theoretical underpinnings, case studies and empirical analysis are well-written and highly educational. The book holds interesting policy lessons which could inspire the debate on improving fiscal rules and budgetary institutions and procedures --Ludger Schuknecht, Chief Economist, Ministry of Finance, GermanyFiscal Decentralization and Budget Control makes a simple, but very powerful argument: fiscal decentralization can only work if it is supported by sound national fiscal institutions. Laura von Daniels analyzes in an elegant and succinct manner cases of institutional reforms in Latin America and draws important conclusions for the region and beyond. --Achim Kemmerling, CEU, BudapestTable of ContentsContents 1. Fiscal Institutions and Budget Balances 2. Overview: Institutional Approaches to Fiscal Imbalance and Public Indebtedness 3. Fiscal Institutions and Their Effects on Public Households 4. Fiscal Imbalances in Latin American and Caribbean Countries 5. Fiscal Stabilization, Subnational Fiscal Indiscipline and Institutional Reform in Brazil 6. Fiscal Federalism under Decentralized Budgetary Institutions in Argentina 7. Comparing Institutional Reform Success in Argentina and Brazil 8. Conclusion: Balancing Subnational Fiscal Autonomy and Overall Fiscal Stability References Index

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Book SynopsisThe ability of a nation to finance its basic infrastructure is essential to its economic well-being in the 21st century. This book covers the municipal securities market in the United States from the perspective of its primary capital financing role in a fiscal federalist system, where subnational governments are responsible for financing the nation s essential physical infrastructure.Using the latest financial research and theory, Johnson, Luby and Moldogaziev use data-driven analysis to inform current public policy debates regarding the future of subnational government debt finance, including the regulation of professional financial service providers. The theories, research and practical examples in the book illustrate the policies and practices that helped governments navigate through the recent financial crisis and great recession, and those policies and practices that contributed to government shipwrecks. The book is designed to help officials make good, sound fiscal choices in a fast changing, complex financial world, and within the constraints imposed by fiscal rules and institutions.State and Local Financial Instruments will be of interest to academics, students and researchers interested in economics, finance, international studies and public policy. It is also an excellent reference tool for government officials, public policymakers and professionals working in finance.Contents: 1. Introduction 2. The Tax-Exemption of Municipal Debt 3. States as Fiscal 'Sovereigns' - Implications for Ability and Willingness to Pay in Full and on Time 4. The Federalist Framework: Fiscal Sovereignty, Federal Regulation and Disclosure 5. Subnational Government Debt Financial Management I - Financing Principles and Policies v6. Subnational Government Debt Financial Management II - Bringing an Issue to Market: Networks and Practices 7. The Serial Debt Issue Structure 8. Secondary Market Disclosure 9. Financial Engineering 10. Reducing Debt Service by Refunding Debt 11. Lessons Learned From the Birth, Growth and Collapse of the Municipal Auction Rate Securities (MARS) Market 12. Enhancing Municipal Credit 13. 'Non-Traditional' Capital Financing Mechanisms 14. Conclusion IndexTrade Review'Three of the sharpest analysts of municipal financing have produced a cutting-edge book that helps to demystify the complexities of the financial markets and instruments employed to achieve public purposes. This book is for professionals engaged in the practice of municipal securities as well as students and researchers devoted to learning market practices.' --W. Bartley Hildreth, Georgia State University, US'Johnson, Luby, and Moldogaziev provide an important addition to the often-convoluted literature on state and local debt. Beyond examining the financial mechanisms of structuring and selling these offerings, they provide an analysis of how and why this debt market is different. Students, academics, and practitioners can all learn from this thoughtful volume and avoid financial market mistakes that have haunted these governments in recent years.' --John L. Mikesell, Indiana University, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. The Tax-Exemption of Municipal Debt 3. States as Fiscal "Sovereigns" - Implications for Ability and Willingness to Pay in Full and on Time 4. The Federalist Framework: Fiscal Sovereignty, Federal Regulation and Disclosure 5. Subnational Government Debt Financial Management I - Financing Principles and Policies 6. Subnational Government Debt Financial Management II - Bringing an Issue to Market: Networks and Practices 7. The Serial Debt Issue Structure 8. Secondary Market Disclosure 9. Financial Engineering 10. Reducing Debt Service by Refunding Debt 11. Lessons Learned From the Birth, Growth and Collapse of the Municipal Auction Rate Securities (MARS) Market 12. Enhancing Municipal Credit 13. "Non-Traditional" Capital Financing Mechanisms 14. Conclusion Index

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Book SynopsisExamining the taxation and regulation of banks, this book highlights the views of practitioners, tax experts, policy makers and academics on the appropriateness and effectiveness of bank taxation in the light of the financial crisis. It covers the topical issues of whether the EU should introduce a financial transactions, 'Tobin' or 'Robin Hood' tax and whether VAT should be extended to financial services. This comprehensive book offers an ethical perspective on bank taxation and financial stability to complement the traditional political economy approach. It also considers how a bank levy or financial activities tax, could be used to ensure that big banks make a 'true and fair' contribution to their insurance by taxpayers.Covering a range of topics on bank and financial sector taxation, this book will prove a valuable resource for academics, policy makers and financial regulators.Contributors: D. Bamford, G. Capelle-Blancard, S.M. Chaudhry, J. Dempsey, D. Gong, O. Havrylchyk, S. Hu, M. Keen, A. Kerrigan, Y. Luo, A. Mullineux, T. Sorell, S. Tanna, I. YoungTable of ContentsContents: Foreword Michael Keen 1. Introduction Sajid M. Chaudhry and Andy Mullineux 2. Taxation and Bank Risk-Taking Yun Luo and Sailesh Tanna 3. Tax Distortions in Securitization: An Overview Shiwei Hu and Di Gong 4. The Burden of Bank Taxation: Corporate Income Gunther Capelle-Blancard and Olena Havrylchyk 5. Banks and Tax: Recent UK Experiences Ian Young 6. Securities Transaction Tax in Europe: First Impact Assessments Gunther Capelle-Blancard 7. Effects of VAT on Financial Services Arthur Kerrigan 8. Ethical Taxation and Finance Douglas Bamford 9. Ethics and Bank Taxation Tom Sorell and James Dempsey 10. The Concluding Panel Discussion Index

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Book SynopsisThe last several decades have seen major advances in the ways in which public economists investigate behavioural responses to taxation. Recent research has utilized new data sets and has applied new empirical methods, including laboratory experiments and natural and controlled field experiments. The application of behavioural economics has contributed insights from other disciplines, especially psychology. Here James Alm and Sebastian Leguizamon discuss the lessons from all this work. Covering such topics as labour supply, charitable giving, savings, capital gains realisations, mobility, bequests, family structure, reported income and tax evasion, they highlight the current state of knowledge in this area. They present new thinking about the relevant issues and an analysis of useful policy options.Table of ContentsContents: PART I LABOUR SUPPLY 1. Richard Blundell, Alan Duncan and Costas Meghir (1998), ‘Estimating Labor Supply Responses using Tax Reforms’, Econometrica, 66 (4), July, 827–61 2. Sören Blomquist and Whitney Newey (2002), ‘Nonparametric Estimation with Nonlinear Budget Sets’, Econometrica, 70 (6), November, 2455–80 3. Anil Kumar (2008), ‘Labor Supply, Deadweight Loss and Tax Reform PART II TAXABLE INCOME 4. Austan Goolsbee (2000), ‘What Happens When You Tax the Rich? Evidence from Executive Compensation’, Journal of Political Economy, 108 (2), April, 352–78 5. Emmanuel Saez (2010), ‘Do Taxpayers Bunch at Kink Points?’, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2 (3), August, 180–212 6. Wojciech Kopczuk (2005), ‘Tax Bases, Tax Rates and the Elasticity of Reported Income’, Journal of Public Economics, 89 (11–12), December, 2093–119 PART III TRANSFERS AND INCOME TAX CREDITS 7. Raj Chetty, John N. Friedman and Emmanuel Saez (2013), ‘Using Differences in Knowledge Across Neighborhoods to Uncover the Impacts of the EITC on Earnings’, American Economic Review, 103 (7), December, 2683–721 8. Jeffrey Grogger (2003), ‘The Effects of Time Limits, the EITC, and Other Policy Changes on Welfare Use, Work, and Income among Female-Headed Families’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 85 (2), May, 394–408 9. Bruce D. Meyer and Dan T. Rosenbaum (2001), ‘Welfare, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and the Labor Supply of Single Mothers’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116 (3), August, 1063–114 PART IV MOBILITY 10. Henrik Jacobsen Kleven, Camille Landais and Emmanuel Saez (2013), ‘Taxation and International Migration of Superstars: Evidence from the European Football Market’, American Economic Review, 103 (5), August, 1892–924 11. Charles L. Ballard and Jaimin Lee (2007), ‘Internet Purchases, Cross-Border Shopping, and Sales Taxes’, National Tax Journal, LX (4), December, 711–25 12. Austan Goolsbee (2000), ‘In a World without Borders: The Impact of Taxes on Internet Commerce’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115 (2), May, 561–76 PART V CAPITAL GAINS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES 13. Zoran Ivković, James Poterba and Scott Weisbenner (2005), ‘Tax-Motivated Trading by Individual Investors’, American Economic Review, 95 (5), December, 1605–630 14. Julie Berry Cullen and Roger H. Gordon (2007), ‘Taxes and Entrepreneurial Risk-Taking: Theory and Evidence for the U.S.’, Journal of Public Economics, 91 (7–8), August, 1479–505 15. Åsa Hansson (2012), ‘Tax Policy and Entrepreneurship: Empirical Evidence from Sweden’, Small Business Economics, 38 (4), May, 495–513 PART VI SAVING 16. Esther Duflo, William Gale, Jeffrey Liebman, Peter Orszag and Emmanuel Saez (2006), ‘Saving Incentives for Low- and Middle- Income Families: Evidence from a Field Experiment with H&R Block’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121 (4), November, 1311–46 17. Alexander M. Gelber (2011), ‘How Do 401(k)s Affect Saving? Evidence from Changes in 401(k) Eligibility’, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 3 (4), November, 103–22 18. James Alm and Asmaa El-Ganainy (2013), ‘Value-Added Taxation and Consumption’, International Tax and Public Finance, 20 (1), February, 105–28 PART VII BEQUESTS 19. David Joulfaian (2000), ‘Estate Taxes and Charitable Bequests by the Wealthy’, National Tax Journal, LIII (3, Part 2), September, 743–63 20. Wojciech Kopczuk and Joel Slemrod (2003), ‘Dying to Save Taxes: Evidence from Estate-Tax Returns on the Death Elasticity’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 85 (2), May, 256–65 21. B. Douglas Bernheim, Robert J. Lemke and John Karl Scholz (2004), ‘Do Estate and Gift Taxes Affect the Timing of Private Transfers?’, Journal of Public Economics, 88 (12), December, 2617–34 PART VIII FAMILY STRUCTURE 22. James Alm and Leslie A. Whittington (1997), ‘Income Taxes and the Timing of Marital Decisions’, Journal of Public Economics, 64 (2), May, 219–40 23. Jeff Grogger and Stephen G. Bronars (2001), ‘The Effect of Welfare Payments on the Marriage and Fertility Behavior of Unwed Mothers: Results from a Twins Experiment’, Journal of Political Economy, 109 (3), June, 529–45 24. Reagan Baughman and Stacy Dickert-Conlin (2009), ‘The Earned Income Tax Credit and Fertility’, Journal of Population Economics, 22 (3), July, 537–63 PART IX TAX EVASION 25. James Alm, Betty R. Jackson and Michael McKee (2009), ‘Getting the Word Out: Enforcement Information Dissemination and Compliance Behavior’, Journal of Public Economics, 93 (3–4), April, 392–402 26. Henrik Jacobsen Kleven, Martin B. Knudsen, Claus Thustrup Kreiner, Søren Pedersen and Emmanuel Saez (2011), ‘Unwilling or Unable to Cheat? Evidence from a Tax Audit Experiment in Denmark’, Econometrica, 79 (3), May, 651–92 27. Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Jorge Martinez-Vazquez and Klara Sabirianova Peter (2009), ‘Myth and Reality of Flat Tax Reform: Micro Estimates of Tax Evasion Response and Welfare Effects in Russia’, Journal of Political Economy, 117 (3), June, 504–54 PART X CHARITABLE GIVING 28. Dean Karlan and John A. List (2007), ‘Does Price Matter in Charitable Giving? Evidence from a Large-Scale Natural Field Experiment’, American Economic Review, 97 (5), December, 1774–93 29. Arthur C. Brooks (2007), ‘Income Tax Policy and Charitable Giving’, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 26 (3), Summer, 599‒612 30. Gerald E. Auten, Holger Sieg and Charles T. Clotfelter (2002), ‘Charitable Giving, Income, and Taxes: An Analysis of Panel Data’, American Economic Review, 92 (1), March, 371–82 PART XI SALIENCE, SELF-CONTROL, AND BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS 31. Raj Chetty, Adam Looney and Kory Kroft (2009), ‘Salience and Taxation: Theory and Evidence’, American Economic Review, 99 (4), September, 1145–77 32. Amy Finkelstein (2009), ‘E-ZTax: Tax Salience and Tax Rates’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124 (3), August, 969–1010 33. Raj Chetty, John N. Friedman, Søren Leth-Petersen, Torben Heien Nielsen and Tore Olsen (2014), ‘Active vs. Passive Decisions and Crowd-Out in Retirement Savings Accounts: Evidence from Denmark’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 129 (3), August, 1141–219 Index

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Book SynopsisHow do we incorporate analytical thinking into public policy decisions? Stuart Shapiro confronts this issue in Analysis and Public Policy by looking at various types of analysis, and discussing how they are used in regulatory policy-making in the US. By looking at the successes and failures of incorporating cost-benefit analysis, risk assessment, and environmental impact assessment, he draws broader lessons on its use, focusing on the interactions between analysis and political factors, legal structures and bureaucratic organizations as possible areas for reform.Utilizing empirical and qualitative research, Shapiro analyzes four different forms of analysis: cost-benefit analysis, risk assessment, environmental impact assessment, and impact analysis. After interviewing nearly fifty individuals who have served in high levels of government, and who have made countless regulatory policy decisions in their careers, Shapiro argues that advocates must become less ambitious and should craft requirements for simpler and clearer analysis. Such analysis, particularly if informed by public participation, can do a great deal to improve government decisions.As this book details the relationship between analysis and institutional factors such as politics, bureaucracy, and law, it is appropriate for a variety of readers, such as scholars of policy, students, scholars of regulation, and congressional and state legislative staff looking to create new analytical requirements.Trade ReviewStuart Shapiro is a realist, an incrementalist, and centrist,comfortable with bureaucracy, politics, nuance, and imperfection in the serviceof slow and steady progress inenvironmental policy and economic efficiency. He has earned the right to this position,given his solid scholarship, research, and experience with the American administrative state in the 21stcentury.-- Tracy Mehan, Environmental ForumIn this outstanding book, Stuart Shapiro transcends the long-standing impasse in the academic literature about the value of various analysistools - cost-benefit analysis in particular - and moves the scholarlyconversation in a much more productive and useful direction. -- Wendy Wagner Journal of Comparative Policy AnalysisTable of ContentsContents: 1. Policy Analysis: Roots and Branches 2. Regulation in the United States and Comprehensive-Rational Analysis 3. Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Regulatory Process 4. Risk Assessment and the Regulatory Process 5. Environmental Impact Assessment 6. Impact Analysis and the Regulatory Process 7. The Use of Analysis 8. Using Analysis to Further Democracy, not Technocracy 9. Building Better Branches Index

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Book SynopsisThe Handbook of Research on Environmental Taxation captures the state of the art of research on environmental taxation. Written by 36 specialists in environmental taxation from 16 countries, it takes an interdisciplinary and international approach, focusing on issues that are universal to using taxation to achieve environmental goals.The Handbook explores the conceptual foundations of environmental taxation, essential elements for designing environmental tax measures, factors that influence the acceptance of environmental taxation, the variety of ways to implement environmental taxes, their environmental and economic impact and, finally, the larger question of the role of taxation among other policy approaches to environmental protection. Intermixing theory with case studies, the Handbook offers readers lessons that can be applied around the world. It identifies key bodies of research for people who are already working in the field or entering the field and highlights issues that call for more research in the future.With systematic analysis of key issues in environmental taxation, this book will appeal to researchers, governments, think tanks, NGOs, and academics in law, economics, political science and public finance, as well as students specializing in environmental taxation and other market-based instruments.Contributors include: M.S. Andersen, H. Ashiabor, J.-P. Barde, N.A. Braathen, N.J. Chalifour, P. Ekins, M.G. Faure, O. Godard, P.M. Herrera, M. Jaccard, W.K. Jaeger, Å. Löfgren, M. Mehling, J.E. Milne, A. Muller, H.Ø. Nielsen, B.E. Olsen, T. Palmer-Tous, J. Pavel, P. Preiss, A. Riera-Font, M. Rodi, M.A.G. Ruiz, R. Sairinen, K. Schlegelmilch, C.D. Soares, S. Speck, T. Sterner, P. Thalmann, E. Traversa, L. Vitek, H. Vollebergh, H. Vos, S.E. Weishaar, Y. XuTrade Review‘Ingeniously organized in a life cycle format, the Handbook covers environmental taxation concepts, design, acceptance, implementation, and impact. The universal themes discussed in each area will appeal to a broad range of readers.’ -- Larry Kreiser, Cleveland State University, US‘This book is a smart and useful reader’s guide providing analytical tools for a full comprehension of environmental taxes, with an interdisciplinary approach that looks at all the different phases of environmental taxation: from the design to the implementation, the political acceptance and the impact on the economy. The authors’ effort is very successful in endowing academicians, policy makers and the general public with an excellent proof of the effectiveness of environmental taxes and green tax reforms.’ -- Alberto Majocchi, University of Pavia, Italy‘Putting the words “environment” next to “taxation” might not always be the flavour of the month, but no modern society can ignore the value of the natural environment and the need to maintain its good quality and no competitive economy can prosper without the necessary tax revenues to function. Environmental taxation offers the prospect of moving towards a more resource-efficient economy, where preference is given to tax more what we burn, less what we earn. I welcome this contribution to the literature.’ -- Commissioner Connie Hedegaard, European Commission‘The Milne and Andersen volume provides a splendid treatment of environmental taxation that encompasses the basic conceptual issues, problems of tax design and implementation, and several insightful case studies that show how environmental taxes actually work in practice. It is the best overall treatment of environmental taxation available: comprehensive, rigorous, and readable.’ -- Wallace Oates, University of Maryland, College Park, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. This Book’s Approach to Environmental Taxation Janet E. Milne PART I: CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 2. Introduction to Environmental Taxation Concepts and Research Janet E. Milne and Mikael Skou Andersen 3. Economic Principles of Environmental Fiscal Reform Jean-Philippe Barde and Olivier Godard 4. Legal Authority to Enact Environmental Taxes Michael Rodi and Hope Ashiabor PART II: DESIGN 5. Design Options and their Rationales Pedro M. Herrera Molina 6. Earmarking Revenues from Environmentally Related Taxes Claudia Dias Soares 7. Designing Environmental Taxes in Countries in Transition: A Case Study of Vietnam Michael Rodi, Kai Schlegelmilch and Michael Mehling 8. Externality Research Philipp Preiss PART III: ACCEPTANCE 9. Regressivity of Environmental Taxation: Myth or Reality? Katri Kosonen 10. The Political Acceptability of Carbon Taxes: Lessons from British Columbia Mark Jaccard 11. Gaining Intergovernmental Acceptance: Legal Rules Protecting Trade Birgitte Egelund Olsen 12. The Double Dividend Debate William K. Jaeger 13. The Political Economy of Environmental Taxation Nils Axel Braathen PART IV: IMPLEMENTATION 14. Multilevel Governance: The Implications of Legal Competences to Collect, Administer and Regulate Environmental Tax Instruments Nathalie Chalifour, María Amparo Grau-Ruiz and Edoardo Traversa 15. Transaction Costs of Environmental Taxation: The Administrative Burden Jan Pavel and Leoš Vítek 16. Structuring Road Transport Taxes to Capture Externalities: A Critical Analysis of Approaches Teresa Palmer-Tous and Antoni Riera-Font 17. Environmental Taxation in China: The Greening of an Emerging Economy Yan Xu 18. A Review of Selected Databases on Market-based Instruments Hans Vos PART V: IMPACT 19. Decoupling: Is There a Separate Contribution from Environmental Taxation? Adrian Muller, Åsa Löfgren and Thomas Sterner 20. The Role of Environmental Taxation in Spurring Technological Change Herman Vollebergh 21. Impacts on Competitiveness: What do we know from Modeling? Paul Ekins and Stefan Speck PART VI: POLICY MIX 22. The Role of Environmental Taxation: Economics and the Law Michael G. Faure and Stefan E. Weishaar 23. Regulatory Reform and Development of Environmental Taxation: The Case of Carbon Taxation and Ecological Tax Reform in Finland Rauno Sairinen 24. Bounded Rationality in an Imperfect World of Regulations: What if Individuals are Not Optimizing? Helle Ørsted Nielsen 25. Global Environmental Taxes Philippe Thalmann PART VII: CONCLUSION 26. The Future Agenda for Environmental Taxation Research Mikael Skou Andersen and Janet E. Milne Index

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Book SynopsisFifty years on from the introduction of Value Added Tax (VAT) across the European Union and its Member States, this comprehensive book provides a practical commentary on, and analysis of, the harmonised system of VAT in the EU. This meticulously researched reference work not only analyses legislation and case law, but also examines them in the broader context of the operation of EU law. Written by a team of expert practitioners led by KPE Lasok QC, an authority on European law with extensive practical experience of VAT and Customs cases, this book includes a detailed discussion of the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, considering cases critically with a view to identifying underlying trends and principles. Key features include: consideration of the broader context in which EU law operates comprehensive, simultaneous analysis of legislation and case law critical examination of principles underpinning relevant case law a definitive exposition of the present state of the harmonised EU VAT system. EU Value Added Tax Law will prove to be an indispensable source of practical knowledge and background information for tax practitioners advising clients and in-house tax advisers assisting their employers in relation to VAT in the EU, as well as officials of tax authorities in EU Member States. Academics researching or teaching VAT will also find this book's detailed and critical coverage invaluable. Contributors include: S. Black, E. Hellier, T. Lall, KPE Lasok, H.L. McCarthyTable of ContentsContents: Preface PART I GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF VAT 1. Nature and origins of Value Added Tax 2 KPE Lasok QC 2. The interrelationship between EU and national VAT legislation 38 KPE Lasok QC 3. Field of application of VAT 117 KPE Lasok QC PART II THE INTERNAL SYSTEM 4. Taxable persons 129 KPE Lasok QC 5. Taxable transactions 174 KPE Lasok QC 6. The place of taxable transactions 238 KPE Lasok QC 7. Chargeable event and chargeability of tax 296 KPE Lasok QC 8. Taxable amount 310 Tarlochan Lall 9. Rates of tax 367 KPE Lasok QC 10. Exemptions 384 KPE Lasok QC 11. Input tax deduction 452 KPE Lasok QC PART III TAXATION OF INTRA-COMMUNITY AND EXPORT TRADE 12. Intra-Community trade in goods 542 Tarlochan Lall 13. Intra-Community trade in services 597 Tarlochan Lall 14. Supplies outside the EU 655 Tarlochan Lall 15. VAT and EU customs duty 679 Tarlochan Lall PART IV SPECIAL SECTORS 16. Special schemes 718 KPE Lasok QC 17. Simplification measures 799 KPE Lasok QC 18. Immovable property 809 Tarlochan Lall 19. Financial services and insurance 868 KPE Lasok QC 20. Charities and local authorities 919 Hui Ling McCarthy QC and Edward Hellier 21. Internet transactions, telecommunications 942 Hui Ling McCarthy QC and Sarah Black PART V ACCOUNTING AND ENFORCEMENT 22. Accounting for VAT 1007 KPE Lasok QC 23. Administrative cooperation between taxing authorities 1050 KPE Lasok QC Index 1097

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Book SynopsisThis is a timely, important book for fiscal policy-makers and budget practitioners. It assesses why some advanced democracies were prepared for the global financial crisis and others were not, and how some countries responded in ways that exacerbated fiscal instability. Its dozen country cases offer highly relevant lessons for mitigating cyclical disturbances that frequently beset national budgets and for managing public finances during turbulent times. The key takeaway message is that government capacity and budget policies matter and should dispel the notion that all countries are helpless when crisis strikes.'- Allen Schick, University of Maryland, USThe global financial crisis of 2007-09 constituted the biggest shock to the economies of the OECD nations since the Second World War, testing budgetary systems and causing most of their governments to move into intense crisis mode. Policy responses by governments and international authorities included massive interventions to stabilize markets and economies, and significant adjustments to fiscal policy regimes. How governments reacted to the crisis, which was manifested differently in each jurisdiction, had significant political implications for sitting governments and led to reforms of fiscal policy and budgetary regimes, which have since continued to wrestle with slow economic growth and strained public finances.This singular shock provides the editors and authors of this book with an intriguing opportunity to examine how different OECD budgetary systems performed. The contributions frame and assess how governments responded to the challenge and how their budget systems evolved in the aftermath, with a focus on strategy, decision-making and balancing competing demands. Chapters cover the EU, North America and Asia, including comparison between countries that fared well, those who were moderately affected and those countries massively affected by the global financial crisis.This timely book will appeal to students and academics seeking an international understanding and analysis of the effects and consequences of the global financial crisis.Contributors: M.G. Arghyrou, R. Boyle, S. Davidsen, T. Degen, D.M. Fantone, D.A. Good, M. Horie, L. Jensen, E. A. Lindquist, M. Mulreany, P.T. Pereira, P.L. Posner, J. de Vries, J. Wanna, L. Wemans, E. Zapico-GoñiTrade Review‘This is a timely, important book for fiscal policy-makers and budget practitioners. It assesses why some advanced democracies were prepared for the global financial crisis and others were not, and how some countries responded in ways that exacerbated fiscal instability. Its dozen country cases offer highly relevant lessons for mitigating cyclical disturbances that frequently beset national budgets and for managing public finances during turbulent times. The key takeaway message is that government capacity and budget policies matter and should dispel the notion that all countries are helpless when crisis strikes.’ -- Allen Schick, University of Maryland, College Park, USTable of ContentsContents: Acknowledgements 1. Meeting the Challenge of the Global Financial Crisis in OECD Nations – Fiscal Responses and Future Challenges Evert A. Lindquist, Jouke de Vries and John Wanna 2. The United States Response to the Global Financial Crisis – From Robust Stimulus to Fiscal Gridlock Paul L. Posner and Denise M. Fantone 3. Canada’s Reactive Budget Response to the Global Financial Crisis – From Resilience and Brinkmanship to Agility and Innovation David A. Good and Evert A. Lindquist 4. Australian and New Zealand Responses to the ‘Fiscal Tsunami’ of the Global Financial Crisis – Preparation and Precipitous Action with the Promise of Consolidation John Wanna 5. Budgeting in Japan after the Global Financial Crisis – Postponing Decisions on Crucial Issues Masahiro Horie 6. Budgetary Challenges in The Netherlands – Resuming Business after a Turbulent Time Jouke de Vries and Tom Degen 7. The Global Financial Crisis in Denmark and Sweden – A Case of Management ‘Lite’ Lotte Jensen and Sysser Davidsen 8. Spain Facing the Global Financial Crisis – Cutting Public Spending and Struggling with Structural Reforms Eduardo Zapico-Goñi 9. Portugal and the Global Financial Crisis – Short-sighted Politics, Deteriorating Public Finances and the Bailout Imperative Paulo T. Pereira and Lara Wemans 10. The Global Financial Crisis in Greece – Its Background Causes, Escalation and Prospects for Recovery Michael G. Arghyrou 11. Managing Ireland’s Budgets During the Rise and Fall of the ‘Celtic Tiger’ Richard Boyle and Michael Mulreany 12. Readiness, Resilience, Reform and Persistence of Budget Systems after the GFC – Conclusions and Implications Evert A. Lindquist, Jouke de Vries and John Wanna Index

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Book SynopsisThis extensive research review discusses more than one hundred of the very best and most influential scholarly articles on the sovereign debt of central governments around the world. It examines discussions of the debt of many emerging nations as well as the largest sovereign debtors in the world thus providing a thorough understanding of sovereign debt as seen by the best economists from around the world. This research review is an essential tool to libraries, academic institutions, economic scholars and students alike.Trade Review‘Bob Kolb has assembled this outstanding collection of research articles, which could have been called the Greatest Hits of Sovereign Debt. The future of all people on the planet depends heavily on understanding what really happens when governments borrow. Bringing the body of knowledge of this subject under this umbrella is a masterful and thankless achievement.’ -- Don M. Chance, Louisiana State University, USTable of ContentsContents: Volume I Research Review Robert W. Kolb PART I THE THEORY OF SOVEREIGN DEBT 1. Robert J. Barro (1974), ‘Are Government Bonds Net Wealth?’, Journal of Political Economy, 82 (6), November–December, 1095–117 2. Robert J. Barro (1979), ‘On the Determination of the Public Debt’, Journal of Political Economy, 87 (5, Part 1), October, 940–71 3. Martin Feldstein (1985), ‘Debt and Taxes in the Theory of Public Finance’, Journal of Public Economics, 28 (2), November, 233–45 4. Jonathan Eaton and Mark Gersovitz (1981), ‘Debt with Potential Repudiation: Theoretical and Empirical Analysis’, Review of Economic Studies, XLVII (2), April, 289–309 5. Jonathan Eaton, Mark Gersovitz and Joseph E. Stiglitz (1986), ‘The Pure Theory of Country Risk’, European Economic Review, 30 (3), June, 481–513 6. Herschel I. Grossman and John B. Van Huyck, (1988), ‘Sovereign Debt as a Contingent Claim: Excusable Default, Repudiation, and Reputation’, American Economic Review, 78 (5), December, 1088–97 7. Jeremy Bulow and Kenneth Rogoff (1989), ‘Sovereign Debt: Is to Forgive to Forget?’, American Economic Review, 79 (1), March, 43–50 8. Jeremy Bulow and Kenneth Rogoff (1989), ‘A Constant Recontracting Model of Sovereign Debt’, Journal of Political Economy, 97 (1), February, 155–78 9. Harold L. Cole and Patrick J. Kehoe (1998), ‘Models of Sovereign Debt: Partial Versus General Reputations’, International Economic Review, 39 (1), February, 55–70 10. Kenneth M. Kletzer and Brian D. Wright (2000), ‘Sovereign Debt as Intertemporal Barter’, American Economic Review, 90 (3), June, 621–39 PART II SOVEREIGN DEBT BEFORE THE MODERN STATE 11. John M. Veitch (1986), ‘Repudiations and Confiscations by the Medieval State’, Journal of Economic History, 46 (1), March, 31–6 12. J. Bradford De Long and Andrei Shleifer (1993), ‘Princes and Merchants: European City Growth Before the Industrial Revolution’, Journal Of Law and Economics, XXXVI (2), October, 671–702 13. James Conklin (1998), ‘The Theory of Sovereign Debt and Spain under Philip II’, Journal of Political Economy, 106 (3), June, 483–513 14. Mauricio Drelichman and Hans-Joachim Voth (2010), ‘The Sustainable Debts of Philip II: A Reconstruction of Castile’s Fiscal Position, 1566–1596’, Journal of Economic History, 70 (4), December, 813–42 15. Mauricio Drelichman and Hans-Joachim Voth (2011), ‘Lending to the Borrower from Hell: Debt and Default in the Age of Philip II’, Economic Journal, 121 (557), December, 1205–27, technical appendix 16. Mauricio Drelichman and Hans-Joachim Voth (2011), ‘Serial Defaults, Serial Profits: Returns to Sovereign Lending in Habsburg Spain, 1566–1600’, Explorations in Economic History, 48 (1), January, 1–19 17. Mauricio Drelichman and Hans-Joachim Voth (2015), ‘Risk Sharing with the Monarch: Contingent Debt and Excusable Defaults in the Age of Philip II, 1556–1598’, Cliometrica, 9 (1), January, 49–75 18. Earl J. Hamilton (1947), ‘Origin and Growth of the National Debt in Western Europe’, American Economic Review, 37 (2), May, 118–30 19. David R. Weir (1989), ‘Tontines, Public Finance, and Revolution in France and England, 1688–1789’, Journal of Economic History, 49 (1), March, 95–124 PART III POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND SOVEREIGN DEBT 20. Douglass C. North and Barry R. Weingast (1989), ‘Constitutions and Commitment: The Evolution of Institutional Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth-Century England’, Journal of Economic History, XLIX (4), December, 803–32 21. David Stasavage (2002), ‘Credible Commitment in Early Modern Europe: North and Weingast Revisited’, Journal of Law Economics and Organization, 18 (1), April, 155–86 22. Kenneth A. Schultz and Barry R. Weingast (2003), ‘The Democratic Advantage: Institutional Foundations of Financial Power in International Competition’, International Organization, 57 (1), Winter, 3–42 23. Sebastian M. Saiegh (2005), ‘Do Countries Have a “Democratic Advantage”?: Political Institutions, Multilateral Agencies, and Sovereign Borrowing’, Comparative Political Studies, 38 (4), May, 366–87 24. David Stasavage (2007), ‘Cities, Constitutions, and Sovereign Borrowing in Europe, 1274–1785’, International Organization, 61 (3), July, 489–525 25. Candace C. Archer, Glen Biglaiser and Karl DeRouen Jr. (2007), ‘Sovereign Bonds and the “Democratic Advantage”: Does Regime Type Affect Credit Rating Agency Ratings in the Developing World?’, International Organization, 61 (2), April, 341–65 26. Glen Biglaiser and Joseph L. Staats (2012), ‘Finding the “Democratic Advantage” in Sovereign Bond Ratings: The Importance of Strong Courts, Property Rights Protection, and the Rule of Law’, International Organization, 66 (3), July, 515–35 27. Emanuel Kohlscheen (2007), ‘Why Are There Serial Defaulters? Evidence from Constitutions’, Journal of Law and Economics, 50 (4), November, 713–30 28. Juan Carlos Hatchondo and Leonardo Martinez (2010), ‘The Politics of Sovereign Defaults’, Economic Quarterly, 96 (3), Third Quarter, 291–317 29. Atif Mian, Amir Sufi and Francesco Trebbi (2014), ‘Resolving Debt Overhangs: Political Constraints in the Aftermath of Financial Crises’, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 6 (2), April, 1–28 PART IV SOVEREIGN DEBT: THE LONG VIEW 30. Mark Dincecco (2010), ‘The Political Economy of Fiscal Prudence in Historical Perspective’, Economics and Politics, 22 (1), March, 1–36 31. Michael D. Bordo (1999), ‘International Rescues versus Bailouts: A Historical Perspective’, Cato Journal, 18 (3), Winter, 363–75 32. John Joseph Wallis (2000), ‘American Government Finance in the Long Run: 1790 to 1990’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14 (1), Winter, 61–82 33. Carmen M. Reinhart and Vincent R. Reinhart (2015), ‘Financial Crises, Development, and Growth: A Long-Term Perspective’, World Bank Economic Review, Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics “The Role of Theory in Development Economics” June 2–3, 2014 Washington D.C., 29 (Supplement 1), April, S57–S76 34. Carmen M. Reinhart, Vincent R. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff (2012), ‘Public Debt Overhangs: Advanced–Economy Episodes Since 1800’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26 (3), Summer, 69–86 35. Moritz Schularick and Alan M. Taylor (2012), ‘Credit Booms Gone Bust: Monetary Policy, Leverage Cycles, and Financial Crises, 1870–2008’, American Economic Review, 102 (2), April, 1029–61 Volume II Acknowledgements PART I THE “LONG” 19TH CENTURY 1. Michael D. Bordo and Eugene N. White (1991), ‘A Tale of Two Currencies: British and French Finance During the Napoleonic Wars’, Journal of Economic History, 51 (2), June, 303–16 2. Marc Flandreau and Juan H. Flores (2009), ‘Bonds and Brands: Foundations of Sovereign Debt Markets, 1820–1830’, Journal of Economic History, 69 (3), September, 646–84 3. Gerardo della Paolera and Alan M. Taylor (2013), ‘Sovereign Debt in Latin America, 1820–1913’, Revista de Historia Económica/Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History, 31 (2), September, 173-217 4. Richard Sicotte, Catalina Vizcarra and Kirsten Wandschneider (2010), ‘Military Conquest and Sovereign Debt: Chile, Peru and the London Bond Market, 1876–1890’, Cliometrica, 4 (3), October, 293–319 5. Marc D. Weidenmier (2005), ‘Gunboats, Reputation, and Sovereign Repayment: Lessons from the Southern Confederacy’, Journal of International Economics, 66 (2), July, 407–22 6. Michael D. Bordo and Hugh Rockoff (1992), ‘The Gold Standard as a “Good Housekeeping Seal of Approval”’, Journal of Economic History, 56 (2), June, 389–428 7. Niall Ferguson and Moritz Schularick (2006), ‘The Empire Effect: The Determinants of Country Risk in the First Age of Globalization, 1880–1913’, Journal of Economic History, 66 (2), June, 283–312 8. Theodore Roosevelt (1904) ‘President Theodore Roosevelt’s Annual Message to Congress’, delivered December 6th, 1904 9. Kris Mitchener and Marc Weidenmier (2005), ‘Empire, Public Goods, and the Roosevelt Corollary’, Journal of Economic History, 65 (3), September, 658–92 10. Kris James Mitchener and Marc D. Weidenmier (2010), ‘Supersanctions and Sovereign Debt Repayment’, Journal of International Money and Finance, 29 (1), February, 19–36 PART II THE 20TH CENTURY IN PERSPECTIVE 11. Barry Eichengreen and Ricardo Hausmann (1999) ‘Exchange Rates and Financial Fragility’ in Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City (eds.), New Challenges for Monetary Policy, 329–68 12. Michael D. Bordo and Christopher M. Meissner (2006), ‘The Role of Foreign Currency Debt in Financial Crises: 1880–1913 versus 1972–1997’, Journal of Banking and Finance, 30 (12), December, 3299–329 13. Lyndon Moore and Jakub Kaluzny (2005), ‘Regime Change and Debt Default: The Case of Russia, Austro-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire following World War One’, Explorations in Economic History, 42 (2), April, 237–58 14. Kim Oosterlinck and John S. Landon–Lane (2006), ‘Hope Springs Eternal - French Bondholders and the Soviet Repudiation (1915–1919)’, Review of Finance, 10 (4), 507–35 15. Barry Eichengreen and Richard Portes (1986), ‘Debt and Default in the 1930s: Causes and Consequences’, European Economic Review, 30 (3), June, 599–640 16. Barry Eichengreen (1991), ‘Historical Research on International Lending and Debt’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5 (2), Spring, 149–69 17. Peter Boone and Simon Johnson (2014), ‘Forty Years of Leverage: What Have We Learned About Sovereign Debt?’, American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, 104 (5), May, 266–71 PART III CRISES OF THE 1980s AND 1990s 18. Paolo Manasse and Nouriel Roubini (2009), ‘’Rules for Thumb’ for Sovereign Debt Crises’, Journal of International Economics, 78 (2), July, 192–205 19. Bergljot Barkbu, Barry Eichengreen and Ashoka Mody (2012), ‘Financial Crises and the Multilateral Response: What the Historical Record Shows’, Journal of International Economics, 88 (2), November, 422–35 [14] 20. Allan H. Meltzer (1984), ‘The International Debt Problem’, Cato Journal, 4 (1), Sping/Summer, 63–9 21. Jeffrey Sachs (1986), ‘Managing the LDC Debt Crisis’, Brookings Paper on Economic Activity, No. 2, 397–431 22. Jeffrey Sachs and Harry Huizinga (1987), ‘U.S. Commercial Banks and the Developing-Country Debt Crisis’, Brookings Paper on Economic Activity, No. 2, 555–601 23. Jeremy Bulow (2002), ‘First World Governments and Third World Debt’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, No. 1, 229–55 24. Allan H. Meltzer (2004), ‘Argentina 2002: A Case of Government Failure’, Cato Journal, 23 (1), Spring/Summer, 29–31 25. Eugenio Andrea Bruno (2006), ‘The Failure of Debt-Based Development: Lessons from Argentina’, Cato Journal, 26 (2), Spring/Summer, 357–65 PART IV THE RISKS AND COSTS OF SOVEREIGN DEFAULT 26. Juan Carlos Hatchondo, Leonardo Martinez and Horacio Sapriza (2007), ‘The Economics of Sovereign Default’, Economic Quarterly, 93 (2), Spring, 163–87 27. Ugo Panizza, Federico Sturzenegger and Jeromin Zettelmeyer (2009), ‘The Economics and Law of Sovereign Debt and Default’, Journal of Economic Literature, 47 (3), September, 651–98 28. Michael Tomz and Mark L. J. Wright (2013), ‘Empirical Research on Debt and Default’, Annual Review of Economics, 5, August, 247–72 29. Fernando Broner, Alberto Martin and Jaume Ventura (2010), ‘Sovereign Risk and Secondary Markets’, American Economic Review, 100 (4), September, 1523–55 30. Michael Tomz and Mark L. J. Wright (2007), ‘Do Countries Default in ‘Bad Times’?’, Journal of the European Economic Association, 5 (2–3), April–May, 352–60 31. Edward I. Altman and Herbert A. Rijken (2011), ‘Toward a Bottom-Up Approach to Assessing Sovereign Default Risk’, Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 23 (1), Winter, 20–31 32. Federico Sturzenegger and Jeromin Zettelmeyer (2008), ‘Haircuts: Estimating Investor Losses in Sovereign Debt Restructurings, 1998–2005’, Journal of International Money and Finance, 27 (5), September, 780–805 [26] 33. Juan J. Cruces and Christoph Trebesch (2013), ‘Sovereign Defaults: The Price of Haircuts’, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 5 (3), July, 85–117 34. Miguel Fuentes and Diego Saravia (2010), ‘Sovereign Defaulters: Do International Capital Markets Punish Them?’, Journal of Development Economics, 91 (2), March, 336–47 35. Eduardo Levy Yeyati and Ugo Panizza (2011), ‘The Elusive Costs of Sovereign Defaults’, Journal of Development Economics, 94 (1), January, 95–105 Volume II Acknowledgements PART I THE CONUNDRUM OF SOVEREIGN DEBT 1. Alberto Alesina and David Dollar (2000), ‘Who Gives Foreign Aid to Whom and Why?’, Journal of Economic Growth, 5 (1), March, 33–63 2. Alberto Alesina and Beatrice Weder (2002), ‘Do Corrupt Governments Receive Less Foreign Aid?’, American Economic Review, 92 (4), September, 1126–37 3. Craig Burnside and David Dollar (2000), ‘Aid, Policies and Growth’, American Economic Review, 90 (4), September, 847–68 4. Robert J. Barro and Jong-Wha Lee (2005), ‘IMF Programs: Who is Chosen and What Are the Effects?’, Journal of Monetary Economics, 52 (7), October, 1245–69 5. William Easterly (2002), ‘How Did Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Become Heavily Indebted? Reviewing Two Decades of Debt Relief’, World Development, 30 (10), October, 1677–96 6. Serkan Arslanalp and Peter Blair Henry (2005), ‘Is Debt Relief Efficient?’, Journal of Finance, LX (2), April, 1017–51 7. Federico Sturzenegger and Jeromin Zettelmeyer (2007), ‘Creditors’ Losses Versus Debt Relief: Results From a Decade of Sovereign Debt Crises’, Journal of the European Economic Association, 5 (2–3), April–May, 343–51 8. Rutsel Silvestre J. Martha (1990), ‘Preferred Creditor Status under International Law: The Case of the International Monetary Fund’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 39 (4), October, 801–26 9. Raghuram G. Rajan (2005), ‘Institutional Reform and Sovereign Debt Crises’, Cato Journal, 25 (1), Winter, 17–24 PART II THE EUROZONE SOVEREIGN DEBT CRISIS 10. Nouriel Roubini and Jeffrey Sachs (1989), ‘Government Spending and Budget Deficits in the Industrial Countries’, Economic Policy, 4 (8), April, 99–132 11. Marina Azzimonti, Eva de Francisco and Vincenzo Quadrini (2014), ‘Financial Globalization, Inequality, and the Rising Public Debt’, American Economic Review, 104 (8), August, 2267–302 12. Viral Acharya, Itamar Drechsler and Philipp Schnabl (2014), ‘A Pyrrhic Victory? Bank Bailouts and Sovereign Credit Risk’, Journal of Finance, LXIX (6), December, 2689–739 13. Mark Aguiar, Manuel Amador, Emmanuel Farhi and Gita Gopinath (2014), ‘Sovereign Debt Booms in Monetary Unions’, American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, 104 (5), May, 101–6 14. Laurence J. Kotlikoff (2004), ‘Fiscal Policy and the Future of the Euro’, Cato Journal, 24 (1–2), Spring/Summer, 51-5 15. Jerome L. Stein (2011), ‘The Diversity of Debt Crises in Europe’, Cato Journal, 31 (2), Spring/Summer, 199–215 16. Philip R. Lane (2012), ‘The European Sovereign Debt Crisis’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26 (3), Summer, 49–67 17. Kevin H. O’Rourke and Alan M. Taylor (2013), ‘Cross of Euros’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27 (3), March, 167–91 18. John Beirne and Marcel Fratzscher (2013), ‘The Pricing of Sovereign Risk and Contagion During the European Sovereign Debt Crisis’, Journal of International Money and Finance, 34, April, 60–82 PART III THE UNITED STATES TODAY AND THE FUTURE OF THE INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS 19. Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff (2010), ‘Growth in a Time of Debt’, American Economic Review, 100 (2), May, 573–78 20. Thomas Herndon, Michael Ash and Robert Pollin (2014), ‘Does High Public Debt Consistently Stifle Economic Growth? A Critique of Reinhart and Rogoff’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 38 (2), December, 257–79 21. Ugo Panizza and Andrea F. Presbitero (2013), ‘Public Debt and Economic Growth in Advanced Economies: A Survey’, Swiss Journal of Economics in Statistics, 149 (2), 175–204 22. Anja Baum, Cristina Checherita-Westphal and Philipp Rother (2013), ‘Debt and Growth: New Evidence from the Euro Area’, Journal of International Money and Finance, 32, February, 809–21 23. Alan J. Auerbach, Jagadeesg Gokhale and Laurence J. Kotlikoff (1994), ‘Generating Accounting: A Meaningful Way to Evaluate Fiscal Policy’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8 (1), Winter, 73–94 24. Pierre Lemieux (2013), ‘American and European Welfare States: Similar Causes, Similar Effects’, Cato Journal, 33 (2), Spring/Summer, 227–32 25. Michael Tanner (2013), ‘Is America Becoming Greece?’, Cato Journal, 33 (2), Spring/Summer, 211–25 26. John H. Cochrane (2011), ‘Inflation and Debt’, National Affairs, Fall, 56–78 27. Carmen Reinhart and M. Belen Sbrancia (2015), ‘The Liquidation of Government Debt’, Economic Policy, 30 (82), April, 291–333 PART IV SOVEREIGN DEBT: CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES 28. James M. Buchanan (1986), ‘The Ethics of Debt Default’, in James M. Buchanan, Charles K. Rowley and Robert D. Tollison (eds.), Deficit, Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell, 361–73 29. Geoffrey Brennan and Giuseppe Eusepi (2002), ‘The Dubious Ethics of Debt Default’, Public Finance Review, 30 (6), November, 546–61 30. Seema Jayachandran and Michael Kremer (2006), ‘Odious Debt’, American Economic Review, 96 (1), March, 82–92 31. Albert H. Choi and Eric A. Posner (2007), ‘A Critique of the Odious Debt Doctrine’, Law and Contemporary Problems, 70 (3), Summer, 33–51 32. Nouriel Roubini (2002), ‘Do We Need a New Bankruptcy Regime?’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1, 321–33 33. Andrei Shleifer (2003), ‘Will the Sovereign Debt Market Survive?’, American Economic Review, 93 (2), May, 85–90 34. Rohan Pitchford and Mark L. J. Wright (2012), ‘Holdouts in Sovereign Debt Restructuring: A Theory of Negotiation in a Weak Contractual Environment’, Review of Economic Studies, 79 (2), April, 812–37 35. Robert W. Kolb (2015), ‘The Virtue of Vultures: Distressed Debt Investors in the Sovereign Debt Market’, Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies, 40 (4), Winter, 368–412 Index

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Book SynopsisTax compliance issues enjoy an unprecedented degree of public attention today and are of great importance to governments and policymaking. This research review provides an overview of some of the most significant contributions to the economic analysis of tax avoidance and evasion and also sheds light on broader questions of social organization, behaviour, and compliance with the law. This research review provides researchers and students with a guide to the fundamental intellectual developments that have shaped the economic understanding of tax avoidance and evasion, along with a framework for placing these contributions in their intellectual context.Trade Review‘Tax evasion and avoidance are nowadays headline news and combating them plays a central role in tax design. Dhammika Dharmapala has done an outstanding job in bringing together the key economics literature on these topics, going back nearly 50 years. Major contributions from the seminal theory of the early 1970s to recent large-scale empirical analyses are included, with much in between. The volume provides a great reference for academics, policy makers and anyone else interested in tax evasion and avoidance.’ -- Michael Devereux, University of Oxford, UKTable of ContentsContents: Introduction Dhammika Dharmapala PART I PIONEERING CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THEORY OF TAX EVASION 1. Michael G. Allingham and Agnar Sandmo (1972), ‘Income Tax Evasion: A Theoretical Analysis’, Journal of Public Economics, 1 (3-4), 323–38 2. T.N. Srinivasan (1973), ‘Tax Evasion: A Model’, Journal of Public Economics, 2 (4), 339–46 3. Shlomo Yitzhaki (1974), ‘A Note on Income Tax Evasion: A Theoretical Analysis’, Journal of Public Economics, 3 (2), 201–2 PART II PIONEERING EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF TAX EVASION 4. Charles T. Clotfelter (1983), ‘Tax Evasion and Tax Rates: An Analysis of Individual Returns’, Review of Economics and Statistics, LXV (3), August, 363–73 5. Jonathan S. Feinstein (1991), ‘An Econometric Analysis of Income Tax Evasion and its Detection’, RAND Journal of Economics, 22 (1), Spring, 14–35 6. James Alm, Gary H. McClelland and William D. Schulze (1992), ‘Why do People Pay Taxes?’, Journal of Public Economics, 48 (1), June, 21–38 7. Joel Slemrod, Marsha Blumenthal and Charles Christian (2001), ‘Taxpayer Response to an Increased Probability of Audit: Evidence from a Controlled Experiment in Minnesota’, Journal of Public Economics, 79 (3), March, 455–83 8. Marsha Blumenthal, Charles Christian, Joel Slemrod and Matthew G. Smith (2001), ‘Do Normative Appeals Affect Tax Compliance? Evidence from a Controlled Experiment in Minnesota’, National Tax Journal, 54 (1), March, 125–38 PART III THEORIES OF TAX AUDITING: PRINCIPAL-AGENT AND GAME-THEORETIC PERSPECTIVES 9. Jennifer F. Reinganum and Louis L. Wilde (1985), ‘Income Tax Compliance in a Principal-Agent Framework’, Journal of Public Economics, 26 (1), February, 1–18 10. Michael J. Graetz, Jennifer F. Reinganum and Louis L. Wilde (1986), ‘The Tax Compliance Game: Toward an Interactive Theory of Law Enforcement, Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 2 (1), Spring, 1–32 11. Parkash Chander and Louis L. Wilde (1998), ‘A General Characterization of Optimal Income Tax Enforcement’, Review of Economic Studies, 65 (1), January, 165–83 PART IV TOPICS IN TAX ADMINISTRATION 12. Joel Slemrod and Shlomo Yitzhaki (1987), ‘The Optimal Size of a Tax Collection Agency’, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 89 (2), June, 183–92 13. Parkash Chander and Louis Wilde (1992), ‘Corruption in Tax Administration’, Journal of Public Economics, 49 (3), December, 333–49 14. Dhammika Dharmapala, Joel Slemrod and John Douglas Wilson (2011), ‘Tax Policy and the Missing Middle: Optimal Tax Remittance with Firm-Level Administrative Costs’, Journal of Public Economics, 95 (9-10), October, 1036–47 15. Adnan Q. Khan, Asim I. Khwaja and Benjamin A. Olken (2016), ‘Tax Farming Redux: Experimental Evidence on Performance Pay for Tax Collectors’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131 (1), February, 219–71 PART IV THE IMPLICATIONS OF TAX EVASION FOR THE THEORY OF OPTIMAL TAXATION 16. Louis Kaplow (1990), ‘Optimal Taxation with Costly Enforcement and Evasion’, Journal of Public Economics, 43 (2), November, 221–36 17. Helmuth Cremer and Firouz Gahvari (1995), ‘Tax Evasion and the Optimum General Income Tax’, Journal of Public Economics, 60 (2), May, 235–49 PART VI CORPORATE TAX EVASION: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES 18. Kong-Pin Chen and C.Y. Cyrus Chu (2005), ‘Internal Control versus External Manipulation: A Model of Corporate Income Tax Evasion’, RAND Journal of Economics, 36 (1), Spring, 151–64 19. Keith J. Crocker and Joel Slemrod (2005), ‘Corporate Tax Evasion with Agency Costs’, Journal of Public Economics, 89 (9 -10), September, 1593–610 PART VII INFORMATION REPORTING AND THE ROLE OF INTERMEDIARIES IN TAX COMPLIANCE 20. Henrik Jacobsen Kleven, Martin B. Knudsen, Claus Thustrup Kreiner, Søren Pedersen and Emmanuel Saez (2011), ‘Unwilling or Unable to Cheat? Evidence from a Tax Audit Experiment in Denmark’, Econometrica, 79 (3), May, 651–92 21. Dina Pomeranz (2015), ‘No Taxation without Information: Deterrence and Self-Enforcement in the Value Added Tax’, American Economic Review, 105 (8), August, 2539–69 22. Henrik Jacobsen Kleven, Claus Thustrup Kreiner and Emmanuel Saez (2016), ‘Why Can Modern Governments Tax So Much? An Agency Model of Firms as Fiscal Intermediaries’, Economica, 83 (330), April, 219–46 PART VIII CROSS-BORDER TAX EVASION 23. Philippe Bacchetta and Maria Paz Espinosa (1995), ‘Information Sharing and Tax Competition among Governments’, Journal of International Economics, 39 (1-2), August, 103–21 24. Gabriel Zucman (2013), ‘The Missing Wealth of Nations: Are Europe and the U.S. Net Debtors or Net Creditors?’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128 (3), 1321–64 PART IX GENERAL PERSPECTIVES ON TAX AVOIDANCE 25. Joseph E. Stiglitz (1985), ‘The General Theory of Tax Avoidance’, National Tax Journal, 38 (3), September, 325–37 26. Alan J. Auerbach (1991), ‘Retrospective Capital Gains Taxation’, American Economic Review, 81 (1), March, 167–78 27. David A Weisbach (2002), ‘An Economic Analysis of Anti‐Tax‐Avoidance Doctrines’, American Law and Economics Review, 4 (1), Spring, 88–115 PART X CORPORATE TAX AVOIDANCE 28. Mihir A. Desai and Dhammika Dharmapala (2006), ‘Corporate Tax Avoidance and High-powered Incentives’, Journal of Financial Economics, 79 (1), January, 145–79 29. Mihir A. Desai and Dhammika Dharmapala (2009), ‘Corporate Tax Avoidance and Firm Value’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 91 (3), August, 537–46 30. Michelle Hanlon and Joel Slemrod (2009), ‘What does Tax Aggressiveness Signal? Evidence from Stock Price Reactions to News about Tax Shelter Involvement’, Journal of Public Economics, 93 (1-2), February, 126–41 PART XI BASE EROSION AND PROFIT SHIFTING BY MULTINATIONAL FIRMS 31. James R. Hines, Jr. and Eric M. Rice (1994), ‘Fiscal Paradise: Foreign Tax Havens and American Business’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109 (1), February, 149–82 32. Harry Huizinga and Luc Laeven (2008), ‘International Profit Shifting within Multinationals: A Multi-country Perspective’, Journal of Public Economics, 92 (5-6), June, 1164–82 33. Dhammika Dharmapala and Nadine Riedel (2013), ‘Earnings Shocks and Tax-motivated Income-shifting: Evidence from European Multinationals’, Journal of Public Economics, 97, January, 95–107 PART XII TAX AVOIDANCE AND THE DEADWEIGHT LOSS OF TAXATION 34. Martin Feldstein (1999), ‘Tax Avoidance and the Deadweight Loss of the Income Tax’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 81 (4), November, 674–80 35. Joel Slemrod (2001), ‘A General Model of the Behavioral Response to Taxation’, International Tax and Public Finance, 8 (2), March, 119–28 36. Raj Chetty (2009), ‘Is the Taxable Income Elasticity Sufficient to Calculate Deadweight Loss? The Implications of Evasion and Avoidance’, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 1 (2), August, 31–52 PART XIII BUNCHING ANALYSIS OF TAX EVASION AND AVOIDANCE: EVIDENCE FROM NOTCHES AND KINKS 37. Joel Slemrod (1985), ‘An Empirical Test for Tax Evasion’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 67 (2), May, 232–38 38. Emmanuel Saez (2010), ‘Do Taxpayers Bunch at Kink Points?’, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2 (3), August, 180–212 39. Michael Carlos Best, Anne Brockmeyer, Henrik Jacobsen Kleven, Johannes Spinnewijn and Mazhar Waseem (2015), ‘Production versus Revenue Efficiency with Limited Tax Capacity: Theory and Evidence from Pakistan’, Journal of Political Economy, 123 (6), October, 1311–55 PART XIV THE CONSEQUENCES OF TAX AMNESTIES AND OF TAX HOLIDAYS FOR MULTINATIONAL FIRMS 40. James Andreoni (1991), ‘The Desirability of a Permanent Tax Amnesty’, Journal of Public Economics, 45 (2), 143–59 41. Dhammika Dharmapala, C. Fritz Foley and Kristin J. Forbes (2011), ‘Watch What I do, Not What I Say: The Unintended Consequences of the Homeland Investment Act’, Journal of Finance, 66 (3), June, 753–87 PART XV THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TAX HAVENS, AND THEIR ROLE IN TAX AVOIDANCE AND EVASION 42. Mihir A. Desai, C. Fritz Foley and James R. Hines, Jr. (2006), ‘The Demand for Tax Haven Operations’, Journal of Public Economics, 90 (3), March, 513–31 43. Dhammika Dharmapala and James R. Hines, Jr. (2009), ‘Which Countries become Tax Havens?’, Journal of Public Economics, 93 (9-10), October, 1058–68 44. Niels Johannesen and Gabriel Zucman (2014), ‘The End of Bank Secrecy? An Evaluation of the G20 Tax Haven Crackdown’, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 6 (1), 65–91 Index

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Book SynopsisTax and Financial Planning for the Closely Held Family Business serves as a manual to help business advisers devise strategies for clients dealing with family issues. Guiding family businesses through the complex maze of organizational, tax, financial, governance, estate planning and personal family issues is a complex, time-consuming, difficult, and sometimes emotional process. This book focuses not only on identifying the problems family businesses face, but on devising solutions and planning opportunities for both family businesses and their owners. Tax and Financial Planning for the Closely Held Family Business provides traditional planning techniques as well as many often overlooked non-traditional strategies. The authors, who are Attorneys/CPAs with extensive experience representing family businesses, discuss the role of the family business advisor in dealing with the issues that confront businesses and their owners. Many family business owners may find that the timely involvement of a wise, experienced and careful business adviser can protect the owners from business and family crises. Practitioners, law libraries and law firms will find that each chapter of Tax and Financial Planning for the Closely Held Family Business contains creative planning opportunities that can be studied and implemented in order to solve real problems in the closely held family business.Trade Review'A great desk reference for family business advisors. Easy to read and easy to follow. Advisors will learn about the dynamics of a family business and how they differ from other closely held businesses and the impact that has on operations, compensation, retirement and succession planning. The authors present their unique perspective on these matters and offer creative techniques and solutions to various issues and problems arising with regard to taxes, liquidity and transferring ownership. If you advise a family business, you need this book.' --Bruce J Belman, JD-CPA United States'I highly recommend Tax and Financial Planning for the Closely Held Family Business. It is rare to find a book that uniquely and insightfully focuses on both important family business dynamics, as well as the many crucial financial, income tax, estate planning and other legal issues that should and must be addressed by family business leaders and advisors. It is especially rare to find such a book that is readable, practical and thorough, not to mention having many creative solutions.' --Lawrence J. Eisenberg, P.C./Benefits Law Group, US'For those of us who regularly represent family owned businesses, it is difficult to find a reliable single resource that takes into consideration at a sophisticated level the cornucopia of issues that have to be considered for such work. This type of work requires the ability to nimbly apply not only legal, business and tax law principles, but also requires the advisor to be able to understand nuances of how families work in the context of the family business. Zwick and Jurinski have found a way to pull all of those issues and nuances together in a book that clearly lays out the issues and problems that advisors face in representing family businesses, gives a wide range of suggestions on how to address the various issues that family businesses face from time to time, with an emphasis on how to help make decisions on as tax efficient as basis as possible. The book looks at these issues from various points of view, just like our clients do, and recognizes that this type of work is not a cookie cutter operation. This book will be a valuable tool for advisors to help their family business clients think through complicated issues and be able to consider the use and implementation of various tax planning ideas and structures, including ideas and structures suggested by provisions of the recently enacted Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that may be of benefit to the family business and the family.' --Ronald A. Levitt, Attorney at LawTable of ContentsContents: 1. The Many Roles of the Family Business Adviser 2. Understanding Family Business 3. Family Issues in Family Business Operations 4. Dealing with Power Struggles and Protecting Minority Shareholders 5. Creative Compensation Techniques for Family Businesses 6. Creative Retirement Planning for Family Business Owners and Their Families 7. Solving Problems in Succession Planning for Family Businesses 8. Creative Estate Planning Techniques for Business Owners and Their Families 9. Special Problems in Implementing Intra-Family Transfers 10. Creative Techniques to Provide Estate Liquidity 11. Valuation Techniques and Strategies to Minimize Taxes on Family Businesses 12. Creative Life Insurance Planning for Family Businesses 13. Financing Problems and Issues 14. Income Tax Planning Opportunities for Family Businesses and Owners 15. Negotiating the Tax Code’s Related-Party Rules 16. Comprehensive Case Study Index

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Book SynopsisLegitimized by the arguments of efficiency gains, public housing, pensions, unemployment insurance and health care are all being gradually privatized. In many countries, even the state's 'night-watchmen' role of providing security is offered by private prisons and security guards. In the face of these and other developments, this book argues that on the basis of efficiency, morality and equality there is still an overwhelming need for public intervention - the res publica. Public or Private Goods? brings together leading scholars from various disciplines including economics, sociology, political science, geography and spatial planning. The book explores core public tasks that the state has traditionally provided but which are increasingly privatized and subsumed into the private sector. For example, although the state still funds and regulates core domains, it provides fewer and fewer visible goods. The authors show how this apparent invisibility of the state presents serious challenges for both income equality and democracy. This thoughtful interdisciplinary book will appeal to advanced students and academics in political science, public sector economics and public finance. It will also provide stimulating reading for politicians, policymakers and anyone interested in the provision of public services.Contributors include: F. Blank, G. Bonvissuto, J. Ferwerda, M. Getzner, G. Gutheil-Knopp-Kirchwald, J. Kadi, T. Knijn, I. Koetsier, J. Lewis, B. Unger, D. van der Linde, K. van Egmond, F. van WaardenTrade Review‘The editors have gathered an impressive multidisciplinary team of authors, which mirrors Egons Matzner's socio-economic and interdisciplinary approach to public finance: The authors are academics from economics, sociology, political science, geography and spatial planning. . . The contributions in this book form an indispensable starting point for all those who want to deal with questions of public goods and the common good in a fundamental and modern non-neoclassical way.' -- European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: InterventionTable of ContentsContents: Foreword 1. Introduction Brigitte Unger, Loek Groot and Daan van der Linde 2. Value Based Demarcation Between the Public and the Private Domain Klaas van Egmond Part I Traditional Core Tasks of the State: Security 3. The Fight against Money Laundering: A Public Task? Joras Ferwerda 4. Natural Disasters and (Future) Government Debt Ian Koetsier Part II New Core Tasks: Social Security 5. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Pension System Designs Ian Koetsier 6. Pension Provision: (Still) a Public Task? Florian Blank 7. Protection Against Unemployment – A Res Publica? Brigitte Unger 8. More Health Care or More Beer? A Curious Paradox of Making Some Economic Tasks a Res Publica Frans van Waarden 9. ECEC: Childcare Markets in the Netherlands and England Trudie Knijn and Jane Lewis Part III Public Goods 10. Housing Policy and Spatial Inequality: Recent Insights from Vienna and Amsterdam Gerlinde Gutheil-Knopp-Kirchwald and Justin Kadi 11. Funding of Protected Areas: A Purely Public Task? Grazia Withalm 12. The Role of Governments in Conserving and Funding Cultural Institutions Michael Getzner 13. Income Distribution as a Public Task: The Redistributive Preferences of (Mis)informed Voters Daan van der Linde 14. Conclusions Brigitte Unger, Michael Getzner and Daan van der Linde Index

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Book SynopsisThe concepts of innovation and export are traditionally considered in isolation, both within companies and within the support organizations dedicated to them. As a result, within this broad research field, very little academic work has focused on how to implement their relationship at an operational level. This book proposes a joint diagnostic tool for SMEs, highlighting good practices to be mastered in order to simultaneously improve innovation and export performance, in the form of a virtuous circle. Innovation and Export focuses on the integration of innovation and export into the strategic management of SMEs, for which the use of synergies is a powerful lever to overcome any difficulties in mobilizing significant resources.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Introduction xi Part 1 The Relationship between Innovation and Export in SMEs 1 Chapter 1 The Innovation–Export Relationship: A Complex Vision 3 1.1 The innovation–export link: a controversial debate 4 1.1.1 In the industrial world: a compartmentalized vision 4 1.1.2 In the academic world: a causalist vision questioned 8 1.2 Towards a paradigm shift 16 1.2.1 Moving from analytical thinking to complex thinking 16 1.2.2 Theoretical framework: articulation of mobilized theories 21 1.2.3 The application of the complexity paradigm to SME innovation and export activities 30 Chapter 2 Joint Innovation–Export Best Practices 37 2.1 The construction of a theoretical frame of reference 37 2.1.1. Identifying innovation practices: the potential innovation index (PII) 38 2.1.2 Identification of export practices 41 2.1.3 Towards a joint reference system 44 2.2 What about the field? 55 2.2.1 Presentation of the consulted companies and method 57 2.2.2 Highlighting synergies 59 2.2.3 Discussions 65 Part 2 PE2I, or How to Model Synergies 67 Chapter 3 Design of a Joint Diagnosis Dedicated to SMEs: The PE2I 69 3.1 The methodological framework 69 3.1.1 The methodological background 70 3.1.2 The methodological tools used 72 3.1.3 PII and PEI as a basis for development 74 3.2 The construction of the PE2I 78 3.2.1 Step 1: create a maturity profile 78 3.2.2 Step 2: weighting and characterization of the evaluation model using multi-criteria analysis tools 80 3.2.3 Step 3: identify customized improvement paths 84 Chapter 4. Implementation of the PE2I: Test with French SMEs .. 87 4.1 Experimental panel and methodology 87 4.1.1 Presentation of the panel 88 4.1.2 The conduct of the interviews 89 4.2 Presentation of results and observations 91 4.2.1 Case 1: company 1 91 4.2.2 Case 2: company 2 96 4.2.3 Case 3: company 3 99 4.2.4 Case 4: company 4 103 4.2.5 Case 5: company 5 106 4.2.6 Case 6: company 6 110 4.3 Assessment 113 Chapter 5 Feedback on the PE2I Tool 115 5.1 The advantages and limitations of the PE2I tool 115 5.1.1 A customizable pedagogical representation tool 115 5.1.2 Operational difficulties 117 5.2 Prospects for improvement 120 5.2.1 Operationalizing the evaluation: reconciling the constraints of the field 121 5.2.2 Contextualization of the recommendation system: taking into account differentiating factors 123 5.2.3 Proposing evidence-based recommendations: an operational action plan to promote synergies 126 Conclusion 129 References 141

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