Public finance accounting Books

Book SynopsisThrough careful classification of the opportunities and challenges facing current financial regulatory bodies, the Research Handbook on Financial Accounting inspects the financial implications of our ever-changing modern economic and environmental climate. This Research Handbook covers a broad selection of topics ranging from globalization to sustainable accounting, providing highly relevant contemporary insights into important subject areas such as ESG reporting and crypto-assets accounting. Offering detailed illustrations of the benefits and costs of adopting international accounting standards, it explores significant current issues within the field of financial accounting, painting a fully up-to-date picture of the most recent accountancy trends. It details the intricacies of company and stakeholder interactions, and presents a growing need for changing accounting standards as businesses expand internationally. Academics of such disciplines as finance, accountancy, economics, and business administration will find this book to be of huge benefit. Due to its professional applicability, this Research Handbook will additionally be ideal for those working in the fields of accountancy, auditing, and financial analysis.Trade Review‘The business world is fast changing but accounting is perennially slow to catch up, always lagging seriously behind developments. This collection of important articles on key issues, such as accounting manipulations, intangibles, nonfinancial information, and corporate governance goes a long way in closing the gap between business reality and accounting. It is an important resource for CFOs, accountants, investors, and business students.’ -- Baruch I. Lev, Philip Bardes Professor Emeritus of Accounting and Finance, NYU, USTable of ContentsContents: Introduction to the Research Handbook on Financial Accounting 1 Luz Parrondo and Oriol Amat PART I GLOBALIZATION AND ACCOUNTING CONVERGENCE 1 The benefits and detriments of global accounting convergence 5 Madeline Trimble and Xiaoxiao Song PART II EARNINGS MANAGEMENT, ACCRUAL MANIPULATION, FRAUD, AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 2 Corporate Social Responsibility reporting and accounting 25 Seraina C. Anagnostopoulou 3 The impact of earnings management and the economic cycle on stress test results 45 Gregorio Labatut-Serer, Elisabeth Bustos-Contell and Salvador Climent-Serrano 4 Non-GAAP financial reporting: an ethical analysis 62 Steven M. Mintz, William F. Miller and Tara J. Shawver 5 Comprehensive red flag model for accounting fraud detection using qualitative and quantitative variables 87 Pilar Lloret Millán, Núria Arimany Serrat and Oriol Amat PART III SUSTAINABLE ACCOUNTING 6 Financial accounting and the natural environment: the case of climate change 105 Elena Carrión, Carlos Larrinaga and Antonio Mateo 7 Sustainability reporting regulation: current situation and future developments 120 Soledad Moya 8 EFRAG roadmap for new developments in ERS reporting 137 Luz Parrondo 9 Materiality in sustainability and integrated reporting contexts: an application of logics 155 Dannielle Cerbone and Warren Maroun PART IV FAIR VALUE AND INTANGIBLES IN ACCOUNTING 10 Outlining commitment and resistance to dominant accounting paradigms 170 Wayne van Zijl and Warren Maroun 11 Value-relevance of intangibles – a structured literature review 183 Olga Grzybek and Elena-Mirela Nichita PART V NEW TRENDS IN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING 12 The use of non-financial information in financial reporting 212 Jordi Martí Pidelaserra 13 The role of the public interest in shaping corporate reporting: challenges for accounting research 231 Begoña Giner and Araceli Mora 14 The importance of corporate governance information and disclosure for investors 249 Raffaele Manini 15 Typology and classification of crypto-assets based on the MiCA regulatory framework: contributions and limitations 262 Luz Parrondo Index

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Book SynopsisAimed at undergraduates studying public sector economics, this text covers a comprehensive range of topics and provides a comparative perspective using data and policy ideas from a wide number of European countries.Table of Contents Introduction Economic Rationales for the State Equity and Efficiency Public Goods Externalities Asymmetric Information Benefit Analysis Public Choice Government Failure Taxation Tax Incidence and Efficiency Intertemporal Issues Taxes on Labour Social Insurance and the Welfare State Income Inequality Poverty Social Policy Pensions and Ageing Healthcare Education and Training Privatisation and Social Ownership Regulation and Competition Policy The Environment Federal Issues and the European Union

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Book SynopsisRowan Jones is a professor of Public Sector Accounting at the University of Birmingham   Maurice Pendlebury is a professor of Accounting at Cardiff Business School Cardiff University. Table of ContentsContents Preface 1 The nature of the public sector The nature of government Governance and public management Public finance Public money Accountants and the public sector Further reading 2 Performance measurement Non-financial performance measurement Challenges of performance measurement Further reading 3 Fundamentals of accounting Elements of accounting Bases of accounting National accounting and government budgeting Further reading 4 Budgetary policies and processes The rational control cycle Fiscal years Budgeting for inputs, outputs and outcomes Budgetary processes Further reading 5 Form and contents of budgets Organizational structures and programmed structures Capital budgets Line-item, incremental budgets Output measurement and outcomes Zero-base reviews Further reading 6 Budgetary control Central financial control Devolved forms of financial control Budget reporting Further reading 7 Costing Organizational units, programmes and products Pricing and reimbursement Incremental changes in output Outsourcing Further reading 8 Financial reporting Form and content of published financial reports Accrual accounting special topics Policy-making Conceptual frameworks &

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Book SynopsisMany books have been written on computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling. However, there are certain important areas for economic policy that have been largely overlooked. This intermediate/advanced text presents the topic as a methodology for the analysis of macro and fiscal policies in modern economies while introducing levels of disaggregation that are beyond the scope of standard macro models.The book begins by presenting the historical and intuitive background of general equilibrium analysis. Moving on, computer software is introduced to derive numerical solutions for economic models. The authors provide examples of code, bringing in data sources that have become the foundations of CGE applications. The methodology presented here, which differs from other CGE books, includes financial assets, government budget deficits, and debt financing of private investment. These topics are analyzed in the context of dynamic optimization, generating endogenous variables such as Trade Review"A very clearly written and self-contained guide to applying state-of-the-art computable general equilibrium models to key issues in modern macroeconomics. The applications to developing economies are particularly compelling, including how to incorporate the underground economy and financial repression. An important reference for students, researchers, and practitioners."Kenneth Rogoff, Maurits C. Boas Professor of Economics, Harvard University, https://scholar.harvard.edu/rogoff"Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modelling is an essential tool in economics. This book by a team led by one of the most eminent international scholars in CGE modelling will become the go-to for teaching this subject. Generally, students, researchers and practitioners will profit from the insights in this excellent volume."Jorge Martinez-Vazquez, Founding Director International Center for Public Policy, Georgia State University"This book provides a detailed and useful introduction for students of economics to CGE models. The book extends their applications to include areas such as monetary theory, tax evasion, development economics and others, areas that have become relevant in today’s environment."Vito Tanzi, PhD, Honorary President, International Institute of Public FinanceTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Applications 3. Fixed points 4. Fixed points, continued 5. The linear economy and Kakutani’s theorem 6. Linear production technologies 7. Numerical Solutions; Some Examples 8. Standard closed economy CGE model 9. Incorporating intermediate inputs 10. Trade, the Armington Approach 11. Taxes and the government 12. Social accounting matrices (SAM) and the construction of a CGE model 13. Dynamic CGE models with Financial Assets 14. Financial assets in the dynamic CGE model. (continued) 15. Monetization and the introduction of a central bank 16. CGE Models and their Application to Developing Countries: The Example of Tax Evasion and the Underground Economy

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Book SynopsisIntended as a successor to Monetary Policy and Credit Control (Croom Helm, 1978; Routledge Revivals, 2013), this book, first published in 1982 with a revised edition in 1984, traces the changes in approach to monetary control in the U.K. throughout the 1970s, and the consequences for policy and the British economy. The book considers the widely-publicised proposals for reserve base' or monetary base' control of the financial system, including a critique of the 1980 Bank of England Green Paper. David Gowland concludes with an analysis of the 1979 Conservative Government's monetary policy. This is a very interesting title, of great relevance to students and academics researching recent British economic history and varying governmental approaches to monetary policy.Trade Review'David Gowland, guru and myth-dispeller on monetary economics, has become "the authority" to many teachers concerning has monetary policy works ... The exposition is enviably lucid ...' - The Times Educational Supplement'This blend of historical survey and economic analysis provides an excellent and ... readable guide to events and arguments for and against the policies successively adopted' - Public MoneyTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction 2. Techniques of Monetary Control 3. Techniques of Monetary Control II: Portfolio Constraints and the Reserve Base System 4. Techniques of Control III 5. The New Approach 6. The History of Competition and Credit Control 7. Competition and Credit Control: An Analysis 8. The New ‘New Approach’ 9. The Labour Government’s Monetary Policy 10. Plus Ça Change?; Bibliography; Index

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Book SynopsisExamines the ways in which parliamentary committees can enhance democratic governance.

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Book SynopsisDeals with a variety of topics in the field of advances in public interest accounting.Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Ad hoc Reviewers. EDITORIAL BOARD. Gender orientation, success and job satisfaction in accounting academia. Accounting for pollution: The effects of emissions trading. Arbitrators' perceptions of accounting data in assessing ability to pay. Communication networks of women and men in a public accounting firm: A comparative analysis. Applying critical discourse analysis: Struggles over takeovers legislation in New Zealand. Flat tax proposals: A current review, with a history of the arguments pro and con. Sustaining a habitus. The association between corporate environmental and financial performance. Measurement of corporate environmental performance: The role of regulatory enforcement policies in the oil and gas industry. An investigation of perceived discrimination and career advancement curtailment: The African-American female accountant's perspective. Commentary on: African-American female accountants: The stories and the statistics. Commentary on: An investigation of perceived discrimination and career advancement curtailment: The African-American female accountant's perspective.

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Book SynopsisAims to provide a forum for researchers concerned with appraising and significantly transforming conventional accounting theory, practice, teaching and research. This title recognizes and examines the effect of accounting practice on environmental issues and on the externalities imposed on local and global communities.Table of ContentsAccounting and the Problematique of Imperialism: Alternative Methodological Approaches to Empirical Research in Accounting in Developing Countries. (Owolabi M. Bakre). The Impact of Accounting on the Development of Writing and Numbering and the Correlation to Piaget's Experiments. (S.J. Baxendale, A.W. Faircloth). Accounting for Money: The Fair Value of Cash Assets and Deposit Liabilities. (B. Bergman). Bill and Hold Sales, Channel Stuffing, and Lots of Returns: The Effects of Revenue, Inventories and Receivables. (A.A. Cherry). The Effect of Media Publicity on Business Students Perceptions of Earnings Management. (R. Elias). Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Disclosures by Electric Utilities. (M. Freedman, B. Jaggi). Environmental Reporting and Resurrection of Social Accounting. (M. Freedman, A.J. Stagliano). The Tension between Accountors and Accountees: Evidence from the Reformed New Zealand Electricity Industry. (J. Hooks, D. Coy, H. Davey). The Economics of Accounting Crime. (F. Okcabol). Book Review of: Accounting and Emancipation: Some Critical Interventions. (T. Tinker). Reply to Critique of: Accounting and Emancipation: Some Critical Interventions. Some Good Questions, Some Inappropriate Targets? (S. Gallhofer, J. Haslam). Toppling Cultural Icons: Polish Women's Art Examines Gender and Democracy. (S. Penn).

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Book SynopsisThis reprinted edition of a classic and truly seminal book, written by one of the leading thinkers in the field, represents the first comprehensive treatment of the economic theory of multi-level government. The primary interest in the book will come from scholars and graduate students interested in multi-level public finance and public economics.Trade Review’This book is a reprint of a text that first appeared in 1972, the subjects it addresses are of the utmost importance, considering the events taking place at present. It revives the discussion of government intervention in the economy, pursuing the objectives of full employment, equitable income distribution and efficient resource allocation. Following the revolutionary idea of effective demand theory put forward by Keynes and Kalecki, who were against the 'classical' proposition that free market forces can achieve the best possible and most efficient level of economic activity, Oates argues that capitalist economies based on private ownership has no rewards for using all the existing available economic resources in society, in particular the labour force. Of equal importance, Oates argues that competitive economic systems are unable to reach the most desirable level of income distribution. Furthermore, Oates claims that oligopolistic markets that (according to Kalecki) are the natural structures of capitalist economies are unable to reach satisfactory solutions of productive resources, employment or a desirable distribution of income. Therefore this book, from a deep liberal perspective, acknowledges that markets on their own are inefficient; centralized structures are therefore required to modify decisions based on private interests. There is no doubt the topics covered in this book continue to be central themes under the political, economic and social conditions of the twenty-first century, especially important in the light of the present situation of low wages, massive unemployment and the economic recession, which began in 2008.’ -- Noemi Levy-Orlik, Review of Keynesian EconomicsTable of ContentsContents: Preface Introduction 1. An Economic Approach to Federalism 2. The Division of Functions Among Levels of Government 3. The Theory and Use of Intergovernmental Grants 4. Taxation and Debt Finance in a Federal System 5. An Empirical Study of Federal Finance 6. The Dynamics of Federalism Index

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Book SynopsisExploring the balanced budget rule as an economic standard and as a legal principle, this book explains the context and content of the balanced budget rule and presents a critical appraisal of its impact on legal systems, political institutions and social values, and particularly an evaluation of its constitutionalization in the European and national legal systems.Examining a range of perspectives on the balanced budget rule as a legal principle, a series of chapters investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of the balanced budget rule. The book considers the impact this may have on the separation of powers within the state, on democratic decision-making, on the European social model and on the protection of fundamental social rights within the European Union. It suggests that this impact goes beyond the ethical issue of the public debt considered as a burden placed on future generations, and beyond injunctions imposed by international financial institutions on national public finances. The transfiguration of fiscal discipline from an economic requirement into a legal rule demanding a balanced budget embodies a challenge to the political nature of the budgetary process while creating the flexibility needed in order to further fiscal federalism within the European Union.This book argues that the balanced budget rule is nothing more than it has always been: an instrument for devising public policies in a rational manner, a tool for conceiving qualitative choices regarding the well-being of citizens.Table of ContentsIntroduction - Balanced budget rule and/in the LawEric Oliva, Elena-Simina TanasescuPart I: Balanced Budget as Normative and Economic StandardChapter 1: Balanced budget as a substantive legal rule Gilbert Orsoni Chapter 2: On the economic concept of a balanced budget Thomas Stauffer Part II: Balanced Budget as Constitutional RuleChapter 3: The German Debt Brake Ralph Schenke Chapter 4: The Constitutional stakes of the "golden rule" Marc Verdussen Part III: Balanced Budget and Separation of Powers Chapter 5: Balanced budget rule and representative democracy Giulia Aravatinou Leonidi Chapter 6: The Financial Local Autonomy – A Tale of Balanced Budgets and Vertical Separation of Financial Power Simona Gherghina Chapter 7: Balanced budget rule and the transversality of agencies Bogdan Iancu Part IV: Balanced Budget, Governance and Fundamental Rights Chapter 8: Balanced budget rule and social rights George Katrougalos, Daphne Akoumaniaki Chapter 9: The organizational foundations the IMF’s doctrinal turn on fiscal policy after the Great Recession Cornel Ban Final remarks - Balanced Budgets: the Vanity of a PrincipleMichel Bouvier

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces the fundamentals of this unique form of cross-sector collaboration. From understanding the responsibilities of government and industry partners to stewardship of taxpayer dollars, this guide empowers developers to deliver successful commercial, leisure, and industrial projects neither could undertake on their own.Table of Contents1. An Introduction to Public–Private Partnerships as a Development Paradigm. 2. P3 Tools: TIF, BIDS, Brownfields, and Eminent Domain. 3. Contracts: The Heart of Public–Private Partnerships. 4. How Cities Use PPPs to Spur Real Estate Development: A Look at Greenville, South Carolina. 5. Measuring the Costs and Benefits of a TIF-based Public–Private Partnership. 6. The Use of Public–Private Partnerships to Redevelop Greenville’s West End through a Minor League Baseball Stadium Development. 7. Innovation Districts and Misplaced Economic Development Incentives. 8. Industrial Development and Public–Private Partnership: The Enigma Case Study. 9. Partnering with Public Agencies to Revitalize Blighted Areas. 10. Leveraging P3 to Increase the Financial Upside of the Navy’s Underutilized Real Estate: A Case Study at Naval Air Station Oceania, VA.

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Book SynopsisDevelopment finance institutions (DFIs), also known as public development banks (PDBs) are public financial institutions initiated and steered by governments with explicit official missions to promote public policy objectives, and public development banks (PDBs) are the main category. DFIs are experiencing a renaissance worldwide, but there is limited academic research examining their roles, operations, and effectiveness.This book attempts to fill this gap by bringing together world-renowned scholars who discuss in detail the economics and the social consequences of both development banks and public banks. Combining together, the chapters in this volume discuss topics from sustainability, development impact of financial instruments, a new development financial architecture, and the interaction with existing international rules like the Basel Accord. This book will be of particular interest to students, scholars, and researchers of development finance, global governaTable of ContentsIntroduction: Unleashing the Potential of Public Development Banks for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals Part 1: Development Banks 1. Matching Risks with Instruments in Development Banks 2. The Global Development Banks’ Architecture 3. Should National Development Banks be Subject to Basel III? 4. Can Development Banks Step Up to the Challenge of Sustainable Development? 5. Scaling Up Public Development Banks’ Transformative Alignment with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 6. From Global to Local: Subnational Development Banks in the Era of Sustainable Development Goal Part 2: Public Banks 7. Understanding Full Investment and the Potential Role of Public Banks 8. A Dynamic Theory of Public Banks (and Why it Matters) 9. Public Banks, Public Purpose, and Early Actions in the Face of Covid-19

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Book SynopsisNow in its fourth edition, Finance: The Basics is a clear and practical introduction to the world of finance. It thoroughly explains essential financial statements, tools, and concepts; fundamental financial instruments and transactions; and global financial participants, markets, and systems. This fully revised edition captures the most important aspects of a changing financial landscape, including: A new chapter dedicated to the emerging world of digital currencies, with a review of digital finance and a detailed discussion of regulated and unregulated digital currencies (including cryptocurrencies) New sections dealing with a range of social issues that directly impact on finance, including sustainability; environmental, social, and governance (ESG) and socially responsible investing (SRI) imperatives; microfinance; and impact investing Twelve updated real-world case studies ('Finance in Action' studies) and nine new case studies focuseTable of ContentsPART 1: Concepts and tools 1. The world of finance 2. The financial statements 3. Financial concepts and tools PART 2: Instruments and marketplaces 4. Common and preferred stock 5. Loans and bonds 6. Investment funds 7. Derivatives and insurance 8. Corporate finance 9. Digital Currencies 10. Financial Participations 11. The Global Financial Markets

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Book SynopsisPublic debt in developing economies has increased dramatically over the last 20 years, with debt repayment obligations putting the livelihoods of millions of individuals at risk and threatening to stall progress toward lowering poverty rates and achieving long- term development objectives across many countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Debt fragility is a systemic issue that affects many countries spanning different continents, regardless of the idiosyncratic nature of each countryâs system of government and drivers of growth. Kenya is one of these fragile economies, currently classified as an economy at high risk of default.This book gives a historical economic account of public debt in Kenya, dating back to the late 1800s. It describes the key episodes and events that resulted in the accumulation of debt and gives an intuitive understanding of the economic dynamics of debt during the precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial periods in Kenyaâs history. Existing studies on Kenyaâs public debt are either not comprehensive, choosing to focus on a narrow period, or are technical empirical analyses, rendering them inaccessible to a large audience. By describing the dynamics of public debt in Kenya, the book increases familiarity with a topic that has important implications for Kenya, and which has occupied a central stage in Kenyaâs policy debates in the recent past.History shows that contagion from economic crises is not unique and isolated to individual nations, thus the book is relevant not only for policy debates in Kenya, but also for other low- income and emerging economies within sub- Saharan Africa.Aaron Thegeya is an economist who obtained his Ph.D. in economics from the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar. He was Senior Economic Advisor to the Deputy Chief of Staff, Executive Office of the President of Kenya, and has worked as an economist at the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.

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Book SynopsisThis Element assesses the effectiveness of vertical accountability through elections and how interinstitutional accountability operates in checks-and-balances systems, along with the growing role of the courts. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.Table of Contents1. Introduction: an interactionist view of accountability; 2. The crucial role of competitive elections in democratic accountability; 3. Deparliamentarization, horizontal accountability and judicialization; 4. Governance transformations and the policy role of the bureaucracy; 5. Managing accountability in monitory democracy; 6. Perceptions matter: overloads and felt accountability; 7. Conclusion: core messages; 8. Reference.

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Book SynopsisFrauds in governments are as unique as government entities themselves. In this book, you will learn about real-world government fraud, including cyber fraud, and your responsibilities when dealing with government.Analyzing several unique frauds that occurred in the sector, this book offers a comprehensive learning approach using examples, explanations of audit standards, and informative case studies. Key topics include: misappropriation of assets, external financial reporting, cyber fraud, management override, and improper use of procurement cards.Table of ContentsChapter 1 1-1 Case 1: External Financial Reporting 1-1 Chapter 2 2-1 Case 2: Misappropriation of Assets 2-1 Chapter 3 3-1 Case 3: Management Override 3-1 Chapter 4 4-1 Case 4: Procurement Cards 4-1 Chapter 5 5-1 Case 5: Cyber Fraud 5-1 Glossary Glossary 1 Index Index 1 Solutions Solutions 1 Chapter 1 Solutions 1 Chapter 2 Solutions 3 Chapter 3 Solutions 4 Chapter 4 Solutions 6 Chapter 5 Solutions 8

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Book SynopsisGovernment and Not-for-Profit Accounting: Concepts and Practices, 9th Edition delivers a comprehensive exploration of accounting and reporting standards and practices. Fully compliant with the latest changes in the GASB, FASB, and AICPA, this practical text encourages critical thinking about the rationale behind the rules and regulations. Issues of critical importance to the public and not-for-profit sectors are discussed at length.Table of ContentsPreface vii 1 The Government and Not- for- Profit Environment 1 How Do Governments and Not- For- Profits Compare With Businesses? 2 In Practice: Why Is State And Local Government Accounting Important? 6 What Other Characteristics of Governments and Not- For- Profits Have Accounting Implications? 9 How Do Governments Compare With Not-For- Profits? 12 What Are The Overall Purposes of Financial Reporting? 14 Who are The Users, and What are The Uses of Financial Reports? 14 What are The Specific Objectives of Financial Reporting As Set Forth By The GASB and The FASB? 17 Example: Clash Among Reporting Objectives 19 Do Differences In Accounting Principles Really Matter? 22 In Practice: Will Accounting Changes Make A Difference? 24 Who Establishes Generally Accepted Accounting Principles? 24 In Practice: Assessing the Profitability of An Athletic Program 25 In Practice: Governments and Not- For- Profits May Also Be Aggressive In Their Accounting 26 Summary 29 Key Terms In This Chapter 30 Questions For Review and Discussion 30 Exercises 31 Continuing Problem 33 Problems 33 Questions For Research, Analysis, And Discussion 37 2 Fund Accounting 38 What is a Fund? 39 What are the Key Elements of Government Financial Statements? 39 What Characterizes Funds? 41 Use of Multiple Funds to Account for An Entity 44 Basis of Accounting and Measurement Focus 45 Example: Fund Accounting in a School District 46 Major VS. Nonmajor Funds 49 How Can Funds be Combined and Consolidated? 49 What are the Main Types of a Government’s Funds? 59 What’s Notable About Each Type of Governmental Fund? 61 What’s Notable About Each Type of Proprietary Fund? 64 What’s Notable About Each Type of Fiduciary Fund? 70 What is Included in a Government’s Annual Comprehensive Financial Report (ACFR)? 71 Example: Government-Wide Statement of Activities 74 How Do the Funds and Annual Reports of Not-For-Profits Differ From Those of Governments? 75 Summary 78 Key Terms In This Chapter 80 Exercise for Review and Self-Study 80 Questions for Review and Discussion 81 Exercises 82 Continuing Problem 85 Problems 86 Questions for Research, Analysis, and Discussion 91 Solution to Exercise for Review and Self-Study 92 3 Issues of Budgeting and Control 95 What are the Key Purposes of Budgets? 96 Why is More Than One Type of Budget Necessary? 96 How are Expenditures and Revenues Classified? 98 Why are Performance Budgets Necessary? 99 What are the Key Phases of the Budget Cycle? 101 In Practice: Budgeting In The Midst of a Pandemic 103 On What Basis of Accounting are Budgets Prepared? 105 In Practice: States Balance Their Budgets the Painless Way 106 In Practice: The Cost of GAAP 107 In Practice: Balancing the Budget by Selling Assets to Yourself 108 What Cautions Must be Taken in Budget-to-Actual Comparisons? 108 How Does Budgeting in Not-For-Profit Organizations Compare with that in Governments? 111 How Do Budgets Enhance Control? 112 What are the Distinctive Ways Governments Record Their Budgets? 114 Example: Budgetary Entries 115 An Alternative Method: Crediting or Debiting the Difference Between Revenues and Expenditures to “Budgetary Control” 117 How Does Encumbrance Accounting Prevent Overspending? 117 Example: The Encumbrance Cycle—Year 1 118 Example: The Encumbrance Cycle—Year 2 120 Example: Impact of Encumbrances on Fund Balance 121 Are Budgetary and Encumbrance Entries Really Needed? 124 Summary 125 Key Terms in this Chapter 125 Exercise for Review and Self-Study 126 Questions for Review and Discussion 126 Exercises 127 Continuing Problem 131 Problems 131 Questions for Research, Analysis, and Discussion 139 Solution to Exercise for Review and Self-Study 139 4 Recognizing Revenues in Governmental Funds 141 Why and How Do Governments Use the Modified Accrual Basis? 141 What are the Main Types of Nonexchange Revenues and the Limitations on How and When They Can be Used? 145 How Should Property Taxes and Other Imposed Nonexchange Revenues be Accounted for? 146 I n Practice: In Practice: Just as it did with individuals, corona viruses make some governments far more sick than others 146 Example: Property Taxes 148 Example: Fines 153 How Should Sales Taxes and Other Derived Tax Revenues be Accounted for? 154 Example: Sales Taxes 154 Example: Sales Taxes Collected by State 156 Example: Income Taxes 157 What are Tax Abatements and Why and How Must They be Disclosed? 159 How Should Grants and Similar Government-Mandated and Voluntary Nonexchange Revenues be Accounted For? 160 Example: Unrestricted Grant with Time Requirement 161 Example: Grant with Purpose Restriction 162 Example: Reimbursement (Eligibility Requirement) Grant 162 Example: Unrestricted Grant with Contingency Eligibility Requirement 163 Example: Endowment Gift 163 Example: Pledges 163 Example: Donations of Land for Differing Purposes 164 Example: On-Behalf Payments 167 How Should Sales of Capital Assets be Accounted For? 167 Example: Sales of Capital Assets 168 How Should Licenses, Permits, and Other Exchange Transactions be Accounted for? 169 Example: License Fees 169 How Should Governments Report Revenues in their Government-Wide Statements? 170 Summary 171 Key Terms In This Chapter 173 Exercise for Review and Self-Study 173 Questions for Review and Discussion 174 Exercises 174 Continuing Problem 178 Problems 178 Questions for Research, Analysis, and Discussion 184 Solution to Exercise for Review and Self-Study 185 5 Recognizing Expenditures in Governmental Funds 187 Hierarchical Approach to Transaction Analysis 187 How is the Accrual Concept Modified for Expenditures? 189 How Should Wages and Salaries be Accounted for? 190 Example: Wages and Salaries 190 How Should Compensated Absences Be Accounted For? 191 In Practice: Changing the Pay Date by One Day 191 Example: Vacation Leave 192 Example: Sick Leave 193 Example: Sabbatical Leave 196 How Should Pensions and Other Postemployment Benefits Be Accounted For? 197 Example: Pension Expenditure 197 How Should Claims and Judgments Be Accounted For? 198 Example: Claims and Judgments 198 How Should the Acquisition and Use of Materials and Supplies Be Accounted For? 200 Example: Supplies 200 How Should Prepayments Be Accounted For? 203 Example: Prepayments 203 How Should Capital Assets Be Accounted For? 205 Example: Capital Assets 205 Example: Installment Notes 206 Example: Capital Leases 207 How Should Interest and Principal on Long-Term Debt Be Accounted For? 208 Example: Long-term Debt 209 In Practice: California School Children May Pay for Their Own Education 210 How Should Nonexchange Expenditures be Accounted for? 212 Example: Unrestricted Grant with Time Requirement 212 Example: Grant with Purpose Restriction 213 Example: Reimbursement (Eligibility Requirement) Grant 213 How Should Interfund Transactions Be Accounted For? 214 Example: Interfund Transfer 215 Example: Interfund Purchase/Sale 215 How Should Revenues, Expenditures, and Other Financing Sources and Uses Be Reported? 218 In Practice: Is the Coronavirus Pandemic an Extraordinary or Special Event? 218 What is the Significance of the Current Financial Governmental Fund Statements? An Overview 219 Summary 220 Key Terms In This Chapter 221 Exercise for Review and Self-Study 221 Questions for Review and Discussion 222 Exercises 223 Continuing Problem 227 Problems 227 Questions for Research, Analysis, and Discussion 233 Solution to Exercise for Review and Self-Study 233 6 Accounting for Capital Projects and Debt Service 236 How do Governments Account for Capital Projects Funds? 237 Example: Bond Issue Costs 239 Example: Bond Premiums and Discounts 239 Comprehensive Example: Main Types of Transactions Accounted for in Capital Projects Funds 241 How do Governments Account for Resources Dedicated to Debt Service? 245 Comprehensive Example: Main Types of Transactions Accounted for in Debt Service Funds 246 How do Governments Handle Special Assessments? 250 In Practice: Use and Abuse of Special Assessments 252 In Practice: What We Might Learn from “Net Investment in Capital Assets” 256 Why is Arbitrage a Concern of Governments? 256 How can Governments Benefit from Debt Refundings? 258 Example: Debt Refundings 258 Example: In-Substance Defeasance 260 In Practice: Current and Advance Refundings 261 Summary 263 Key Terms in This Chapter 264 Exercise for Review and Self-Study 264 Questions for Review and Discussion 265 Exercises 265 Continuing Problem 270 Problems 270 Questions for Research, Analysis, and Discussion 277 Solution to Exercise for Review and Self-Study 278 7 Capital Assets and Investments in Marketable Securities 281 What Accounting Practices Do Governments Follow for General Capital Assets? 282 Acquiring and Placing Value on Capital Assets 285 Example: Trade-Ins 285 Why and How Should Governments Report Infrastructure? 287 In Practice: Nation’s Infrastructure Earns a Cumulative Grade of C-287 In Practice: Fair Values May (Or May not) Facilitate Sales Decisions 292 How Should Governments Account for Assets that Are Impaired? 294 Example: Restoration Approach 294 Example: Service Units Approach 295 Example: Deflated Depreciated Replacement Cost Approach 296 What Are the Critical Issues with Respect To Marketable Securities And Other Investments? 297 Investments Should Be Reported at Fair Values 297 Example: Investment Income 300 I n Practice: Some Governments May Make Suboptimal Investment Decisions in Order to Avoid Financial Statement Volatility 301 Example: Interest Income 303 In Practice: One Common-Type Derivative 305 In Practice: Investment Debacles 305 In Practice: Common Sense Investment Practices 307 Summary 307 Key Terms In This Chapter 308 Exercise for Review and Self-Study 308 Questions for Review and Discussion 309 Exercises 309 Continuing Problem 312 Problems 313 Questions for Research, Analysis, and Discussion 320 Solution to Exercise for Review and Self-Study 320 8 Long-Term Obligations 321 Why is Information on Long-Term Debt Important to Statement Users? 322 Can Governments and Not-For-Profits Go Bankrupt? 322 In Practice: It is not So Easy to Declare Municipal Bankruptcy 323 How Do Governments Account for Long-Term Obligations? 325 Example: Accounting for Bonds in Government-Wide Statements 327 In Practice: Valuing a Lottery Prize 328 What Constitutes a Government’s Long-Term Debt? 329 Example: Demand Bonds 331 Example: Bond Anticipation Notes 332 Example: Tax Anticipation Notes 333 Example: Lessee Accounting 335 Example: Lessor Accounting 336 Example: Overlapping Debt 343 In Practice: 49Ers Score Big in the Financial Arena 346 I n Practice: Tobacco Bonds Are Both Risky and Inconsistent with Government Policies 347 What Other Information Do Users Want to Know About Outstanding Debt? 347 Example: Debt Margin 349 What are Bond Ratings, and Why are They Important? 351 In Practice: Bond Ratings 352 Summary 352 Key Terms in This Chapter 354 Exercise for Review and Self-Study 354 Questions for Review and Discussion 354 Exercises 355 Continuing Problem 359 Problems 359 Questions for Research, Analysis, and Discussion 365 Solution to Exercise for Review and Self-Study 366 9 Business-Type Activities 367 What Types of Funds Involve Business-Type Activities? 368 Why Do Governments and Not-For-Profits Engage in Business-Type Activities? 368 Should Business-Type Activities be Accounted for Differently than Governmental Activities? 369 What are the Three Basic Statements of Proprietary Fund Accounting? 371 What Accounting Issues are Unique to Enterprise Funds of Governments? 377 Example: Revenue Bond Proceeds as Restricted Assets 380 Example: Landfill Costs in an Enterprise Fund 382 Example: Pollution Remediation Costs in an Enterprise Fund 385 What are Internal Service Funds, and How are they Accounted For? 386 Example: Internal Service Fund Accounting 390 In Practice: Full-Cost Pricing May Encourage Dysfunctional Decisions 392 Accounting for Insurance Premiums 394 Example: Insurance Premiums 395 Example: Self-Insurance in a General Fund 396 How are Proprietary Funds Reported? 397 Example: Eliminating Interfund Balances and Transactions 399 PPPs and APAs 403 Example: Public-Private Partnership (PPP) 404 Example: PPP But Not a SCA 406 In Practice: Want to Own a Bridge? 409 What Do Users Want to Know About Revenue Debt? 409 Summary 411 Key Terms in This Chapter 412 Exercise for Review and Self-Study 413 Questions for Review and Discussion 413 Exercises 414 Continuing Problem 418 Problems 418 Questions for Research, Analysis, and Discussion 424 Solution to Exercise for Review and Self-Study 425 10 Pensions and Other Fiduciary Activities 426 Why is Pension Accounting so Important? 426 In Practice 428 How Do Defined Contribution Plans Differ from Defined Benefit Plans? 429 In Practice: Defined Benefit Plans Are More Efficient Than Defined Contribution Plans 430 In Practice: Can Defined Benefit Plans Be Saved? 431 What is the Relationship Between An Employer and its Pension Plan? 432 How Should the Pension Expense in Full Accrual Statements be Determined? 435 Example: The Pension Expense 437 How Should the Pension Expenditure In Governmental Funds be Determined? 441 What Special Problems Do Multiple-Employer Cost-Sharing Plans Pose? 441 How Should The Pension Plan be Accounted for? 442 What Types of Disclosures are Required? 444 How Should Post-Employment Benefits Other Than Pensions (OPEB) be Accounted for? 445 What Are Fiduciary Funds? 446 I n Practice: Difficulty of Determining Whether an Activity is Fiduciary or Governmental 451 Should Investment Income of A Permanent Fund be Reported in the Permanent Fund Itself or The Beneficiary Fund? 454 Example: Expendable Investment Income 455 Summary 455 Key Terms in This Chapter 457 Exercise for Review and Self-Study 457 Questions for Review and Discussion 458 Exercises 458 Continuing Problem 461 Problems 461 Questions for Research, Analysis, and Discussion 466 Solution to Exercise for Review and Self-Study 467 11 Issues of Reporting, Disclosure, and Financial Analysis 469 How Can a Government Prepare Government-Wide Statements from Fund Statements? 469 Why is the Reporting Entity an Issue for Governments and Not-For-Profits? 471 Example: The Reporting Entity 472 What Criteria Have Been Established for Government Reporting Entities? 473 Example: Financially Accountable Component Units 474 Example: Fiscal Dependency 475 Example: Blended Component Units 476 Example: A Closely Affiliated Organization 479 Example: Application of Current Standards 480 What Other Elements Make Up the Annual Comprehensive Financial Report? 482 What are the Reporting Requirements for Special-Purpose Governments? 487 How Can A Government’s Fiscal Condition be Assessed? 488 I n Practice: Balanced Budget Requirements Don’t Always Result in Balanced Budgets 497 Drawing Conclusions 504 Summary 509 Key Terms in This Chapter 511 Exercise for Review and Self-Study 511 Questions for Review and Discussion 512 Exercises 512 Continuing Problem 516 Problems 516 Questions for Research, Analysis, and Discussion 520 Solution to Exercise for Review and Self-Study 521 12 Not-for-Profit Organizations 523 Who’s in Charge? 523 What Should be The Form And Content of Financial Statements? 524 In Practice 526 What Is An Endowment? 527 Reporting Revenues and Expenses 529 Example: Reporting Revenues and Expenses 530 Reporting Cash Flows 535 What are The Main Types of Contributions, and How Should Pledges Be Accounted For? 538 In Practice: Even the Very Wealthy Sometimes Renege on Their Contributions 539 Example: Pledges 540 When Should Use-Restricted (Purpose-Restricted) Contributions Be Recognized? 542 Example: Use-Restricted Contributions 542 In Practice: A Gift with Strings Attached 543 Should Noncash Contributions be Recognized? 544 Example: Noncash Contributions 545 Example 545 Example: Examples of Contributed Services 546 In Practice 546 Should Receipts of Collection Items be Recognized As Revenues? 547 When Should Conditional Promises be Recognized? 547 Example: Conditional Promises 548 How Should “Pass-Through” Contributions Be Accounted For? 548 Example: A Federated Fund-Raising Organization 549 Example: A Foundation That Transfers Assets to a Specified Organization 549 Example: A Foundation That Supports a Related Organization 549 When Should Gains and Losses On Investments be Recognized? 551 Example: Investment Gains 551 Should Endowment Gains Be Considered Net Additions To Principal Or Expendable Income? 552 Example: Investment Gains 553 What Are Split Interest Agreements, and How Should They be Accounted For? 554 How Should Depreciation Be Reported? 555 Example: Depreciation 555 What Issues Does A Not-For-Profit Face In Establishing Its Reporting Entity? 556 Comprehensive Example: Museum of American Culture 558 How Should The Costs of Fund-Raising Activities Be Determined? 566 Criteria for Allocating A Portion of Costs To Program or Management Functions 566 Example: Allocating Charitable Costs 568 How Can A Not-For-Profit’s Fiscal Condition Be Assessed? 569 In Practice: Not-For-Profits, Like Corporations, Tainted by Scandals 571 Summary 573 Key Terms In This Chapter 574 Exercise for Review and Self-Study 574 Questions for Review and Discussion 577 Exercises 578 Problems 582 Solution to Exercise for Review and Self-Study 586 13 Colleges and Universities 587 What Unique Issues do Colleges and Universities Face? 587 Standards for Public Colleges and Universities 589 Standards for Private Not-For-Profit Colleges and Universities 590 Accounting for Revenues and Expenses 597 In Practice: Which Set of Standards Do We Follow? 598 In Practice: From Public to Private 599 In Practice: How Should a University Classify a Gift that May not Be a Gift? 600 Example: Tuition and Fee Revenues 600 Other Issues 602 Example: Grants 603 Example: Student Loans 604 In Practice: How Auxiliary Enterprises Can Be Misused 605 Comprehensive Example: Mars University 606 Evaluating The Fiscal Wherewithal of Colleges And Universities 610 In Practice: Colleges on the Brink 612 Summary 613 Key Terms In This Chapter 613 Exercise for Review and Self-Study 613 Questions for Review and Discussion 616 Exercises 616 Problems 619 Solution to Exercise for Review and Self-Study 623 14 Health-care Providers 625 In Practice: Hospitals Face Economic Challenges While Also Implementing Policy Changes 626 What Unique Issues do Health-Care Providers Face? 627 What are the Basic Financial Statements? 628 How are Key Revenues and Expenses Recognized? 633 Example: Patient Care Revenues 634 Example: Implicit Price Concessions 635 Example: Capitation Fee Revenues 636 Example: Charity Care 637 Example: Malpractice Claims 638 Example: Retrospective Premiums 639 Comprehensive Example: Medical Center Hospital 639 How can the Fiscal Wherewithal of Health-Care Organizations be Evaluated? 645 In Practice: Financial Problems not Caused by Single Issue 646 Summary 648 Key Terms in This Chapter 649 Exercise for Review and Self-Study 649 Questions for Review and Discussion 649 Exercises 650 Problems 654 Solution to Exercise for Review and Self-Study 658 15 Auditing Governments and Not-for-Profit Organizations 659 How Do Audits Of Governments and Not-For-Profits Differ from Those of Businesses? 660 How Has The Yellow Book Influenced Governmental and Not-For-Profit Auditing? 660 What Types of Audits Do Governments Conduct? 662 What Levels of Standards are Applicable To All Engagements? 662 In Practice: To Whom Should a City Auditor Report? 663 What are Performance Audits? 667 Key Differences Between Financial And Performance Audits 667 In Practice: Targeting Seemingly Trivial Activities 670 Example: Evidence Gathering 673 In Practice: Findings Must Relate to Program Objectives 674 How Have The Single Audit Act and Other Pronouncements Influenced Auditing? 675 What Approach Do Auditors Take In Performing Single Audits? 676 What Reports Result From Single Audits? 679 What Unique Ethical Issues Do Governmental and Not-For-Profit Accounting and Auditing Present? 682 Example: Ethical Dilemma 684 Summary 686 Key Terms In This Chapter 687 Exercise for Review and Self-Study 687 Questions for Review and Discussion 688 Exercises 688 Problems 690 Cases in Ethics 694 Solution to Exercise for Review and Self-Study 696 16 Federal Government Accounting 697 Which Agencies are Responsible for Federal Accounting and Reporting? 700 What Constitutes the Federal Budget? 703 What Constitutes the Federal Government Reporting Entity? 705 What are the Form and Content of Government-Wide Federal Statements? 707 What Types of Accounts are Maintained by Federal Entities? 709 What Statements are Required of Federal Agencies? 710 What are Other Key Features of the FASAB Model? 712 Example: Subsidized Loan 721 Example: Loan Guarantees 722 What Else Constitutes the Federal Government’s Reporting System 724 What are the Key International Trends in Governmental Accounting? 725 An International Standard-Setting Agency 726 Summary 727 Key Terms in This Chapter 728 Exercise for Review and Self-Study 728 Questions for Review and Discussion 729 Exercises 730 Problems 733 Solution to Exercise for Review and Self-Study 737 17 Managing for Results 739 What Role Do Accountants Play in the Management Cycle of Governments and Not-For-Profits? 740 How Can the Limits of Traditional Budgets Be Overcome? 741 What are the Characteristics of Sound Operational Objectives? 743 What are the Perils of Establishing Operational Objectives? 746 I n Practice: A Classic Case of Reliance on Misspecified Objectives (Two Perspectives of the Vietnam War) 747 How Do Program Budgets Relate Expenditures to Operational Objectives? 748 Advantages and Disadvantages of Program Budgets 753 How Should Service Efforts and Accomplishments Be Reported? 755 How are Capital Expenditures Planned and Budgeted Within a Framework of Operational Objectives? 762 Example: Benefits Are Cash Savings 764 Example: Choosing among Options with Similar Benefits 765 In Practice: September 11 Victim Compensation Fund 767 Summary 769 Key Terms in This Chapter 770 Exercise for Review and Self-Study 770 Questions for Review and Discussion 770 Exercises 771 Problem 774 Solution to Exercise for Review and Self-Study 778 Glossary G-1 Value Tables VT-1 Index I-1

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the case of nominal income targeting as a monetary policy rule. In recent years the most well-known nominal income targeting rule has been NGDP (level) Targeting, associated with a group of economists referred to as market monetarists (Scott Sumner, David Beckworth, and Lars Christensen among others). Nominal income targeting, though not new in monetary theory, was relegated in economic theory following the Keynesian revolution, up until the financial crisis of 2008, when it began to receive renewed attention. This book fills a gap in the literature available to researchers, academics, and policy makers on the benefits of nominal income targeting against alternative monetary rules. It starts with the theoretical foundations of monetary equilibrium. With this foundation laid, it then deals with nominal income targeting as a monetary policy rule. What are the differences between NGDP Targeting and Hayek's rule? How do Table of ContentsIntroduction; Chapter 1: Free Banking and Monetary Equilibrium; Chapter 2: Nominal Income Targeting and the Productivity Norm; Chapter 3: Nominal Income Targeting and Monetary Rules; Chapter 4: Nominal Income Targeting and Monetary Disequilibrium; Chapter 5: Nominal Income Targeting as Market Outcome versus Policy Outcome; Chapter 6: The 2008 Financial Crisis; Chapter 7: Monetary Reforms Towards Nominal Income Targeting

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Book SynopsisDesigned for aspiring school leaders, this text presents the realities of school finance policy and issues, as well as the tools for formulating and managing school budgets. In an era of dwindling fiscal support for public schools, increasing federal mandates, and additional local budget requirements, educational leaders must be able to articulate sound finance theory and application. The authors move beyond coverage found in other texts by providing critical analysis and unique chapters on misconceptions about school finance; fiscal capacity, fiscal effort, adequacy, and efficiency; demographic issues; and spending and student achievement. Examining local, state, and federal education spending, this text gives readers the foundation to understand school finance and knowledgeably educate colleagues, parents, and other stakeholders about its big-picture issues, facts, and trends. The new edition of American Public School Finance will help educational leaders at all stages ofTrade ReviewThe 3rd edition of American Public School Finance builds on the previous two editions and provides up-to-date information and statistics on current topics and issues. The focus questions, case studies, and chapter questions/assignments provide instructors with resources to teach and assess student understanding of key concepts and information. Most important, Owings and Kaplan write in a style that is scholarly, but that graduate students in school leadership can understand and emulate. Finally, this new edition coordinates the chapter content with the ten Professional Standards for Educational Leaders (PSEL) making it easier for professors to map their course content and key assessments to the standards.—Marily Hirth, Associate Professor, Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, Purdue UniversityTable of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsChapter 1. Misconceptions about School Finance Chapter 2. History of School Finance in the United StatesChapter 3. The Legal Framework for Financing Public EducationChapter 4. Education as an Investment in Human CapitalChapter 5. Taxation IssuesChapter 6. Fiscal Capacity and Fiscal Effort Chapter 7. Equity, Adequacy, and Fiscal Efficiency Chapter 8. The Structure of School Finance SystemsChapter 9. Demographics and School FinanceChapter 10. Budgeting: Applying Policy ValuesChapter 11. Spending and Student Achievement Chapter 12. Critical and Emerging School Finance Issues

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Book SynopsisA book which covers the key period in the history of actuarial science from the mid-17th century to the early 19th century. There are reprints of the most important treatises, pamphlets, tables and writings which trace the development of the actuarial industry.

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisFrom small law offices to federal agencies, all entities within the justice system are governed by complicated economic factors and face daily financial decision-making. A complement to Strategic Finance for Criminal Justice Organizations, this volume considers the justice system from a variety of economic and financial perspectives and introduces quantitative methods designed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of organizations in both the non-profit and for-profit sectors. Using only a minimum of theory, Economic and Financial Analysis for Criminal Justice Organizations demonstrates how to make decisions in the justice system using multiple financial and economic models. Designed for readers with little knowledge of advanced mathematics, quantitative analysis, or spreadsheets, the book presents examples using straightforward, step-by-step processes with Excel and Linux Calc spreadsheet software.A variety of different typeTable of ContentsShow Me Your License: Introductory Concepts. Innocent or Guilty? Perspectives of Decisions. A 25-to-Life Sentence: Strategic Economic and Financial Decisions. The Restitution Order: Capitalization and Executive Responsibility. How Do We Slice the Pie? Foundations of Economics. Tools of the Trade: Foundations of Financial Decisions. Following the Money: Capital Budgeting. Pay Me Now or Pay Me Later? The Minimum Attractive Rate of Return. Lucky Number 7: Concepts of Probability and Mathematical Reasoning. The Odds Are Against Us: Probability Distributions and Mathematical Reasoning. Is This the Line? Queuing Theory. Risky Business: Sensitivity and Scenario Analyses. Not 007, But … Bond Analysis. Buy Low or Sell High? Stock Analysis. How Do We Measure Up? Ratio Analysis. Buyer Beware: Leasing versus Purchasing. Is It Worth Your Time? Cost–Benefit and Break-Even Analyses. The Crystal Ball: Predictive Analysis. How Do We Relate? With Correlation! Show Me the Money: Benefits Analysis. The Shift Briefing: Multiple Perspectives. Appendix A: Additional Techniques of Analysis—Modified Internal Rate of Return.Appendix B: Tickets versus Warnings—Options Analysis.Appendix C: Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) Tables. Appendix D: Analytical Tree Constructs. Appendix E: Bayes Theorem. Appendix F: Hypothesis Testing. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe first of a three-volume series on the interaction of the US and China in different regions of the world, China, the United States, and the Future of Central Asia explores the delicate balance of competing foreign interests in this resource-rich and politically tumultuous region. Editor David Denoon and his internationally renowned set of contributors assess the different objectives and strategies the U.S. and China deploy in the region and examine how the two world powers are indirectly competitive with one another for influence in Central Asia. While the US is focused on maintaining and supporting its military forces in neighboring states, China has its sights on procuring natural resources for its fast-growing economy and preventing the expansion of fundamentalist Islam inside its borders. This book covers important issues such as the creation of international gas pipelines, the challenges of building crucial transcontinental roadways that must pass through countries facing insurTrade ReviewIn a time of increasing geopolitical uncertainty and intensifying Sino-US interactions in so-called & third areas, this timely collection of high quality essays breaks from outmoded ways of academic and policy thinking to identify a host of emerging governance, security and economic challenges that Central Asia poses for both Washington and Beijing. This volume offers valuable lessons about each of these external power's & tools of influence, their co-existence in practice, and the extent to which they can actually shape regional developments according to their respective strategic priorities. -- Alexander Cooley,author of Great Games, Local Rules: The New Great Power Contest in Central AsiaUntil the collapse of the USSR, China's western border was seen as the Beijing's & back door. This collection documents its emergence as a new front door, and analyzes its implications for US-China relations. Readers of this well-crafted volume will inadvertently be led to ask whether, and how, Central Asian countries can take charge of their own security, or at least shape it. -- S. Frederick Starr,author of Lost Enlightenment: Central Asia's Golden Age from the Arab Conquest to TamerlaneTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Alternative Views of Central Asia's Future 3 David B. H. Denoon 2. Walls and Windmills: Economic Development in Central Asia 20 Nazgul Jenish 3. Factoring the Foreign Policy Goals of the Central Asian States 75 Marlene Laruelle The Outside Powers 4. Both Epicenter and Periphery: U.S. Interests in Central Asia 101 Andrew Kuchins and Shalini Sharan 5. Chinese and Russian Economic Interests in Central Asia: Comparative Analysis 130 Li Xin and Xin Daleng 6. The Strategic Interests of China and Russia in Central Asia 154 Xing Guangcheng 7. Life after Divorce: Russia, Central Asia, and Two Decades of Tumultuous Relations 173 Alisher Khamidov 8. Europe in Central Asia: Political Idealism and Economic Pragmatism 209 Sebastien Peyrouse 9. Japan and Korea in Central Asia: Economic Observations 237 Edward J. Lincoln

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Book SynopsisThe first of a three-volume series on the interaction of the US and China in different regions of the world, China, the United States, and the Future of Central Asia explores the delicate balance of competing foreign interests in this resource-rich and politically tumultuous region. Editor David Denoon and his internationally renowned set of contributors assess the different objectives and strategies the U.S. and China deploy in the region and examine how the two world powers are indirectly competitive with one another for influence in Central Asia. While the US is focused on maintaining and supporting its military forces in neighboring states, China has its sights on procuring natural resources for its fast-growing economy and preventing the expansion of fundamentalist Islam inside its borders. This book covers important issues such as the creation of international gas pipelines, the challenges of building crucial transcontinental roadways that must pass through countries facing insurTrade ReviewIn a time of increasing geopolitical uncertainty and intensifying Sino-US interactions in so-called & third areas, this timely collection of high quality essays breaks from outmoded ways of academic and policy thinking to identify a host of emerging governance, security and economic challenges that Central Asia poses for both Washington and Beijing. This volume offers valuable lessons about each of these external power's & tools of influence, their co-existence in practice, and the extent to which they can actually shape regional developments according to their respective strategic priorities. -- Alexander Cooley,author of Great Games, Local Rules: The New Great Power Contest in Central AsiaUntil the collapse of the USSR, China's western border was seen as the Beijing's & back door. This collection documents its emergence as a new front door, and analyzes its implications for US-China relations. Readers of this well-crafted volume will inadvertently be led to ask whether, and how, Central Asian countries can take charge of their own security, or at least shape it. -- S. Frederick Starr,author of Lost Enlightenment: Central Asia's Golden Age from the Arab Conquest to TamerlaneTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Alternative Views of Central Asia's Future 3 David B. H. Denoon 2. Walls and Windmills: Economic Development in Central Asia 20 Nazgul Jenish 3. Factoring the Foreign Policy Goals of the Central Asian States 75 Marlene Laruelle The Outside Powers 4. Both Epicenter and Periphery: U.S. Interests in Central Asia 101 Andrew Kuchins and Shalini Sharan 5. Chinese and Russian Economic Interests in Central Asia: Comparative Analysis 130 Li Xin and Xin Daleng 6. The Strategic Interests of China and Russia in Central Asia 154 Xing Guangcheng 7. Life after Divorce: Russia, Central Asia, and Two Decades of Tumultuous Relations 173 Alisher Khamidov 8. Europe in Central Asia: Political Idealism and Economic Pragmatism 209 Sebastien Peyrouse 9. Japan and Korea in Central Asia: Economic Observations 237 Edward J. Lincoln

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Book SynopsisGiving voice to the marginalized, broadly defined, is the aim of this volume in its examination of social life increasingly marked by global inequality and the extension of market rationalities to all arenas. Revealing the outcome to populations, stakeholders, and the environment when policies resting on narrowly constrained logics are employed, these researchers lead the way in probing accountings participation in significant struggles of our times. In order to better appreciate the consequences of economic globalization, the works examine contemporary rhetoric, governance, politics, and strategies and the manner in which accounting technologies are integrated. These works maintain that transformation is inevitable and they search for possibilities of change that can be manifested in socially equitable practices and improved social justice by enhancing accountability.Table of ContentsProtecting the Public Interest through Mandatory Auditor Firm Rotation: A Controversial Issue. Independent Directors and Dividend Payouts in the Post Sarbanes–Oxley Era. Mandated Climate Change Disclosures: A Study of Large US Firms That Emit Carbon Dioxide. Institutional Accountability for True Green. Are Public University Executives Paid for Their Performance?. Copyright page. EDITORIAL BOARD. Sustainability and Governance. List of Contributors. List of Referees. Advances in Public Interest Accounting. Sustainability and Governance. Invited Essay on Gender and Social Justice: “Gender, Knowledge and Accountability”.

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Book SynopsisGlobal forces and accountability once again converge in this volume, illustrating the significant and multifaceted nature of the role of accounting in societies. The accounting discipline in its numbers, its silences, its privileging of select classifications over others, it is continually constructing knowledge, cultivates meaning, and impacts public policy in the intersection of socio-political-economic realms. The research in this volume responds to calls for examining accounting as an interdisciplinary role in neoliberal governance by examining migration, race, gender, class and the creation of the 'other'. Each paper uniquely contributes toward significantly exploring accounting's role in disenfranchising populations while identifying participants actualized and potential role in emancipatory struggles. By recognizing marginalized groups embedded power rather than casting them as victims, the authors reject an inevitability of widening inequalities and forms of violence to world populations. Rather these critical accounting researchers seriously tackle the task of transformation, providing pathways for thinking differently and aspiring for change.Trade ReviewLehman presents readers with a collection of academic essays and scholarly articles dealing with issues of accountability and globalization as they impact the field of accounting and accounting research. The five selections that make up the main body of the text are devoted to the accounting logic in Europe’s agenda for migration, the plight of afro-descendent women in political spaces, gender research as a cultural encounter in accounting, unshackling accounting in prisons, and a critical race theory discussion of neutrality and colorblindness in accounting. The editor is a faculty member of Hofstra University in New York. -- Annotation ©2017 * (protoview.com) *Table of ContentsPerilous Journeys Across The Seas: The Accounting Logic In Europe's Agenda For Migration - Gloria Agyemang Brazil, racial democracy? The plight of afro-descendent women in political spaces - Sandra Maria Cerqueira da Silva, Silvia Pereira de Castro Casa Nova and David B. Carter West Meets East And East Meets West: Gender Research As A Cultural Encounter In Accounting - Naoko Komori Unshackling Accounting In Prisons: Race, Gender, And Class - Cheryl R. Lehman A Critical Race Theory Discussion Of Neutrality And Colorblindness In Accounting - Anton Lewis

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Book SynopsisVol 6 of Advances in Environmental Accounting & Management aims to advance knowledge of the governance and management of corporate environmental impacts and the accounting for these, including issues related to measurement, valuation, and disclosure. It is particularly relevant for accounting practitioners, investors and other stakeholders of the financial and social consequences of corporate environmental impacts.Trade ReviewContributed by researchers from Brazil and elsewhere, the five essays in this volume are drawn from the 2015 CSEAR (Centre for Social and Environmental Accounting Research) conference in Bahia, Brazil, and detail research in Brazilian social and environmental accounting. After a review of 325 articles that discusses the hegemony of business case thinking and the dominance of the economic imperative in Brazilian social and environmental accounting research, they examine the degree of adherence to the Global Reporting Initiative by organizations from around the world, as well as the quality of corporate social responsibility reports using institutional and legitimacy theoretical frameworks; comparison of the financial stock performance of Brazilian companies that participate in the Carbon Efficient Index with those that participate in market-wide indices of the São Paulo Stock Exchange; the stock returns of the sustainability index member companies and the returns of companies not in these indices; and the impact of environmental disasters on the volume of disclosure and investments of Brazilian companies from 1997 to 2012. -- Annotation ©2017 * (protoview.com) *Table of ContentsReflections on Editing Advances In Environmental Accounting & Management - Martin Freedman and Bikki Jaggi Guest Editorial: Introduction to the Special Issue - Fátima De Souza Freire Hegemonies, Politics, and the Brazilian Academy In Social and Environmental Accounting: a Post-Structural Note - Barbara De Lima Voss, David Bernard Carter and Bruno Meirelles Salotti an Analysis of the Adherence to Gri for Disclosing Information on Social Action and Sustainability Concerns - Vicente Lima Crisóstomo, Priscila De Azevedo Prudêncio and Hyane Correia Forte Financial Performance of Stocks of Companies Participating In the Carbon Efficient Index (Ico2) - Patrícia Lacerda De Carvalho and Aldo Leonardo Cunha Callado Performance of Sustainability and Negotiability Indexes In the Brazilian Stock Market - Patrícia Lacerda De Carvalho and Orleans Silva Martins Do Environmental Disasters Impact on the Volume of Socio-Environmental Investment and Disclosure of Brazilian Companies? - José Venâncio Ferreira Neto, Sônia Maria Da Silva, Gomes, Adriano Leal Bruni and José Maria Dias Filho Index

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Book SynopsisContinuing the search for greater reflectivity regarding accounting’s role in society, this volume identifies the many ways accounting contributes to knowledge creation and the consequences in socio-economic realms. Accounting practice has always been concerned with fraud, legitimacy and trust. One might speculate an essential premise behind the audit of publicly held corporations is potential management deception, and thus a raison d'être for accounting and accountability. In this volume researchers, exploring themes of deception: examine financial statement manipulation in the decade after Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX), consider internal control impacts on earnings management, deliberate on the usefulness of audit opinions, and contemplate tax evasion practices and their antecedents. In contextualizing the public interest these researchers contemplate cultural distinctions, conflicts of interest, regulation, and the dynamic interfaces and divides between practitioners and academics. Envisioning the facilitation of overall enhancement of the broad community, recommendations for increasing the quality of communication between scholars and professionals is deliberated. Contributing as well to the undeniable concern for broad environmental degradation, the role of the discipline in maintaining the status quo is challenged. Rather, accounting's characterization of accountability should include attributes of socio-environmental destruction: complexity, uncertainty and diffused responsibility. These emergent accounts would inform the journey of constructing more representative accounts of technological degradation. Such imaginative emancipatory accounting would enhance decision- making, develop social well-being, and unfold new forms of knowledge and possibilities.Trade ReviewLehman examines the relation between firms reporting material weakness in internal control (ICMW) under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) and real earnings management. Focusing on manufacturing industry firms, Lehman’s results imply that manufacturing firms with ICMW appear to predominantly use overproduction and excessive price discounts to accomplish real earnings management. She suggests that future studies examine whether ICMW firms engage in real earnings management to improve current performance at the expense of future operating and stock price performance. As well, further insights on the role of ICMW in management’s earnings management decisions could be obtained from an investigation of the relation between the remediation of ICMW and real earnings management. -- Annotation ©2017 * (protoview.com) *Table of Contents1. Internal Control Material Weakness and Managerial Manipulation of Operational Activities; Nana Amoah, Anthony Anderson, Isaac Bonaparte & Alex Tang 2. Can Gown help Town? Exploring the 'gap' between accounting practice and academia and providing a theory for why it exists; Rebecca Bloch, Gary Kleinman & Amanda Peterson 3. An Examination of the Perceptions of Auditors and Chief Financial Officers of the Proposed Auditing Standard Involving Other Information in Audit Reports; John E. McEnroe, Ning Du & Mark Sullivan 4. The myth of tax evasion in South Asia: the case of a lower-middle income economy; Mohammad Nurunnabi 5. Institutional pillars and contextualizing public interest in the accounting profession; George Joseph 6. ‘How safe is safe enough?’ Using Beck's Risk Society constructs to facilitate changes to unsustainable notions of accountability; Kala Saravanamuthu

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Book SynopsisPublic private partnerships (PPPs) have been a controversial approach to procuring public infrastructure services. Against a background of recent trenchant criticism of PPPs, Mervyn K. Lewis, a leading scholar in the area, re-examines their utility. He questions what PPPs can and cannot do, why governments choose this route and whether PPPs can ever be good value for money.The author analyses the extensive use of PPPs for hospitals and transport megaprojects and outlines the key challenges to implementing them, shaping the future direction of the PPP model. Exploring the psychological influences on decision-making, the book also puts a new focus on the people delivering the project; it is not only a matter of selecting the right model. Professor Lewis concludes that, although the PPP model remains problematic, if chosen appropriately every procurement approach has its place in good policy.Providing an in-depth exploration of the features of PPPs and the complexities of megaprojects, Rethinking Public Private Partnerships will be of considerable interest to academics and students of public policy, economic regulation and governance, and public finance. Its re-assessment of the field will also prove invaluable for government procurers, advisory firms and PPP experts.Trade Review‘Rethinking Public Private Partnerships by Mervyn Lewis is an invaluable addition to the literature on the procurement of public infrastructure assets and services. It evaluates the conflicting claims in both the academic and professional literature about the relative value-for-money (VfM) to the public of bundled procurement of the financing, design, construction and operation of infrastructure assets through PPPs vs. traditional, unbundled delivery of projects through public finance and a chain of private contractors and subcontractors managed by a public agency. The book is engaging, clearly written, jargon-free, scrupulously balanced, and nuanced in its conclusions about the circumstances under which each approach delivers higher lifecycle VfM to the public. It is a ''must-read'' for academics, private infrastructure providers and public agencies contemplating the use of PPPs.' -- Raymond Levitt, Stanford University, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Setting the scene 2. How did the idea of PPPs arise? 3. Exploring what PPPs can and cannot do 4. Can PPPs ever be good value? 5. Why choose a PPP? 6. PPPs and megaprojects 7. Where to now for PPPs? 8. Conclusions References Index

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Book SynopsisThe ability of a nation to finance its basic infrastructure is essential to its economic well-being in the 21st century. This second edition of State and Local Financial Instruments covers the municipal securities market in the United States from the perspective of its primary capital financing role in a fiscal federalist system, where subnational governments are responsible for financing the nation’s essential physical infrastructure.Using the latest financial research, the authors use data-driven analysis to inform current public policy debates regarding the future of subnational government debt finance. The theories, research and practical examples in the book illustrate the policies and practices that helped governments navigate through the COVID-19 pandemic, the Financial Crisis and Great Recession, and that contributed to government shipwrecks. The book is designed to help officials make good, sound fiscal choices in a fast changing, complex financial world entwined in a network of intermediaries, and within the constraints imposed by fiscal rules and institutions.This updated edition will be of interest to academics, students and researchers interested in economics, finance, international studies and public administration and policy. It is also an excellent reference tool for government officials, public policymakers and professionals working in finance.Trade Review'Three of the sharpest analysts of municipal financing update their cutting-edge book that helps to demystify the complexities of the financial markets and instruments employed to achieve public purposes. This edition adds insights from recent changes in laws, markets, and scholarly research up to and including the COVID-19 pandemic. This book is for professionals engaged in the practice of municipal securities as well as students and researchers devoted to learning market practice.' -- W. Bartley Hildreth, Georgia State University, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction to State and Local Financial Instruments PART I WHAT MAKES THE “MUNI” MARKET DIFFERENT? 2. The tax-exemption of municipal debt 3. States as fiscal “sovereigns”: implications for ability and willingness to pay in full and on time 4. The federalist framework: fiscal sovereignty, federal regulation, and disclosure PART II CREATING DEBT INSTRUMENTS FOR THE MUNICIPAL MARKET 5. Subnational government debt financial management I: Financing principles and policies 6. Subnational government debt financial management II: bringing an issue to market: networks and practices 7. The serial debt issue structure 8. Secondary market disclosure PART III FINANCIAL STRUCTURE AND THE RISK/REWARD TRADE-OFF 9. Financial engineering 10. Reducing debt service by refunding debt 11. Lessons learned from the birth, growth, and collapse of the municipal auction rate securities (MARS) market 12. Enhancing municipal credit 13. “Non-traditional” capital financing mechanisms and strategies 14. Conclusion to State and Local Financial Instruments Appendix A Review of time value of money Appendix B Basic principles of valuing debt instruments References Index

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Book SynopsisThis timely Research Handbook explores the handling of city and municipal finances in the 21st century. It examines the impact of the Great Recession and COVID-19 pandemic on cities and municipalities, highlighting strengths, weaknesses, and avenues for future progress in city and municipal financial management.Bringing together leading global scholars of public finance and budgeting, economics, law, political science and policy analysis, this Research Handbook scrutinises how cities and municipalities have adapted after crisis periods. It combines theoretical ideas, empirical findings and practical applications, focusing on federalist systems as well as including global case studies from diverse governance contexts. Contributors analyse sources of revenue for cities and municipalities, critical areas of spending, fiscal structure, budgeting, debt, pensions and financial resilience. Forward thinking, it considers the strength and resilience of city and municipal finances in meeting long-term liabilities and responding to short-term crises.This Research Handbook will be an invaluable resource for students and scholars of public finance and administration, urban economics, and political economy. Providing cutting-edge policy recommendations, it will also be a highly useful guide for policy-makers and administrators seeking to effectively guide city and municipal finances.Trade Review‘This book is a very engaging and informative compilation of research in municipal finance topics. It will serve as a good reference for young scholars just embarking on a research career, as well as more experienced researchers and practitioners looking for summaries of the more important research on a topic. I especially enjoyed the inclusion of relatively new areas of research such as the effects of COVID-19 on fiscal health, the role of cybersecurity in financial risk, and the role of public health spending. I thoroughly enjoyed reading the book and will use it as a reference for years to come.’ -- Kenneth A. Kriz, University of Illinois Springfield, USTable of ContentsContents: Introduction to the Research Handbook on City and Municipal Finance 1 Craig L. Johnson, Temirlan T. Moldogaziev, and Justin M. Ross PART I RAISING REVENUES AND SPENDING FUNDS 1 Municipal revenues: data dilemmas, structures, and trends 8 Justin M. Ross and Lanjun Peng 2 Property taxes and municipal finance 24 Joan Youngman 3 Local option taxes 42 Whitney Afonso 4 The growing role of nontax revenue sources in American cities 64 Min Su 5 Municipalities in the intergovernmental revenue system: the federal government’s stabilization function? 88 Amanda Kass, Christiana McFarland, Farhad Omeyr, and Michael A. Pagano 6 The role of cities and public health expenditures in the COVID-19 era 105 Yusun Kim 7 Spending on physical infrastructure: is it enough? 138 Yonghong Wu 8 Mitigating fiscal risk through municipal cybersecurity 159 Douglas A. Carr PART II FISCAL ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE, BUDGETING, AND FINANCIAL CONDITION 9 The role of special districts and intergovernmental constraints 173 Christopher B. Goodman 10 Municipal financial risks: special-purpose district financial health during COVID-19 187 Temirlan T. Moldogaziev, Marc Joffe, and Allan Wheeler 11 Municipal budgets, balance sheets, and acute fiscal shock 204 Robert S. Kravchuk 12 Understanding financial success: an exploration of the determinants of fiscally healthy cities 220 Bruce D. McDonald III and Michaela E. Abbott 13 State intervention in local government fiscal distress 235 Lang (Kate) Yang 14 The fiscal structure of county governments from 2002 to 2019: the impact of the Great Recession and the run-up to the COVID-19 pandemic 257 Craig L. Johnson, Luis Navarro, and Andrey Yushkov PART III DEBT AND PENSIONS 15 The security, structure, and market of municipal debt: recent trends, research, and developments 271 W. Bartley Hildreth and Justina Jose 16 The status of municipal financial intermediaries after the financial crisis and Dodd-Frank: underwriters, insurers, advisors, and credit rating agencies 301 Martin J. Luby and Joshua E. Terkel 17 The structure of county government debt from 2002 to 2020: the financial crisis, the Great Recession, and the COVID-19 pandemic 319 Craig L. Johnson, Andrey Yushkov, and Luis Navarro 18 The impact of fiscal rules on local debt: credit ratings, borrowing costs, and debt levels 335 Sungho Park, Craig S. Maher, and Steven C. Deller 19 Do municipal pensions matter? A review of pensions’ impact on US local governments 352 Gang Chen PART IV CITY AND MUNICIPAL FINANCE ACROSS THE GLOBE 20 Municipal finance in federalist systems 370 Chris Thayer, Alex Hathaway, and Jorge Martinez-Vazquez 21 Municipal finances in unitary systems: the effects of crises on financial autonomy in four European countries 391 Ringa Raudla, Mark Callanan, Kurt Houlberg, and Filipe Teles 22 Government financial resilience – a European perspective 408 Carmela Barbera, Bernard Kofi Dom, C.line du Boys, Sanja Korac, Iris Saliterer, and Ileana Steccolini 23 Measuring urban financial resilience: a resource flow perspective 433 Christine R. Martell and Temirlan T. Moldogaziev 24 Managing crises and public financial management in Singapore 453 Chang Yee Kwan and Hui Li Conclusion: themes and directions for future research 469 Craig L. Johnson, Temirlan T. Moldogaziev, and Justin M. Ross Index

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Book SynopsisThis special edition of Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis offers twenty-three chapters by invited participants in the International Applied Social Science Congress. In these chapters chronical a wide variety of important issues such as: Volatility spillover between conventional stock index and participation index; The Interplay Between Experience, Satisfaction and Positive Word of Mouth: A Study on City Marketing in Afyonkarahisar and more. This international and wide-ranging exploration on different economic systems provides a comprehensive account which brings a wide range of countries to the forefront in terms of both comparability and accountability, this study shines a light on the differences in systems between states, and provides timely and accurate information to equip readers to minimize those differences.Table of ContentsChapter 1. The measurement of the degree of government regulation in the pension system; Rasmiyya Sabir gizi Abdullayeva Chapter 2. Effects of Perceived Stakeholder Conflict Factors on Guests’Outcomes: Evidence from Kyrenian Hotels in North Cyprus; Derya Timucin Hayat and Blend Ibrahim Chapter 3. Determining the Relationship between Job Satisfaction, Dependence on Tips and Turnover Intentions: the case of Hotel Employees; Jelena Tepavčević, Melita Josipović and Vedran Milojica Chapter 4. Comparative Efficiency Analysis of Tourism Industry in the Southern Mediterranean Region; Nihat Doğanalpa and Aytuğ Arslanb Chapter 5. How Can Circular Economy Restore Ecological Balance? An Evaluation Within the Scope of Sustainability and Marketing; Sima Nart and Abdulkadir Ozturk Chapter 6. Dependency on foreign labour in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector of the Maltese Economy; Anne Marie Thake Chapter 7. Do Investors Overreact to Firm Merger and Acquisition Decisions?; Reyhan Can and H. Isın Dizdarlar Chapter 8. Quiet Tourism: Opportunities and Challenges; SAÇKES Esat Chapter 9. The Influence of Covid-19 on Consumers’ Perceptions of Uncertainty and Risk; Bilge Villi Chapter 10. Economic Activity and Urban Design Policy as a Means for Recovery of Commercial Activity: The Case Study of Athens’ Commercial Streets; Delitheou Vasiliki, Bakogiannis Efthimios, Kyriakidis Charalampos and Katarachia Maria Konstantina Chapter 11. The Relationship between Credit Default Swap and Macroeconomic Indicators: An Example from Turkey; Gülay Çizgici AKYÜZ and Seval AKBULUT BEKAR Chapter 12. How are Immigrants Advancing on the European Labour Market? The Case of Spain; Graţiela Georgiana Noja , Mirela Cristea and Atila Yüksel Chapter 13. Financial Development and House Prices in Turkey; M. Ozan YILDIRIM Chapter 14. Covid - 19 Pandemic: Reflections on Organizational Life and Employee Psychology; İrem KAPTANGİL Chapter 15. The Importance of thorough financial reporting during COVID-19 pandemic: Empirical Evidence from Borsa Istanbul; Mustafa OĞUZ Chapter 16. Financial Literacy Influencing Factors Analysis: Estonia, Latvia, And Lithuania Case; Evija Dundure and Biruta Sloka Chapter 17. Agricultural Biomass Production: Implications for Economic Growth and Environment in Central and Eastern European Countries; Emilia Mary Bălan, Laura Mariana Cismaș, and Cristina Georgiana Zeldea Chapter 18. Methods for predicting the future evolution of GHG emissions by domains; Anca Băndoi, Claudiu George Bocean, Aurelia Florea, Lucian Mandache, Cătălina Soriana Sitnikov and Anca Antoaneta Vărzaru Chapter 19. The impact of good governance on entrepreneurship in terms of sustainable development; Lobonț Oana-Ramona, Sorana VĂTAVU, Vîrvoreanu Alina, Costea Florin and Moldovan Nicoleta-Claudia Chapter 20. The stage of non-financial reporting in Romania; Nicoleta-Daniela MILU and Camelia-Daniela HATEGAN Chapter 21. Valuable Insights into Consumer Values: The Case of Latvian Social Enterprises; Kristine Casno, Biruta Sloka and Daina Skiltere Chapter 22. Digital Inequalities in Households in Latvia – Problems and Challenges; Kate Lase and Biruta Sloka Chapter 23. Individual Risk Perceptions and Behaviour; Alessandra Girlando, Simon Grima, Engin Boztepe, Sharon Seychell, Ramona Rupeika-Apoga and Inna Romanova

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Book SynopsisThe impact of COVID-19 has exposed major cracks in the global financial system and has severely undermined global financial stability. Never have the shortcomings of universal financialization - the dominant principle of the global financial system for the past thirty-odd years - been more obvious or more painful. Islamic finance provides ways forward: based on commercial and social modes of risk-sharing and financing, it offers radical structural solutions to the health, human and financial crises faced in this unprecedented time. In Towards a Post-Covid Global Financial System: Lessons in Social Responsibility from Islamic Finance, an international team of experts explore how COVID-19 has affected the most vulnerable parts of the global economy; how it has been met by Islamic banking and finance specifically; and how the principles of Islamic social finance could be used to have a fairer, more resilient Islamic finance system for all.Table of ContentsForeword; Mohamad Akram Laldin Part 1: Resilience of Islamic Financial System in the midst of the Pandemic Chapter 1. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Islamic Finance: The Lessons Learned and the Way Forward; M. Kabir Hassan, Aishath Muneeza, and Adel Sarea Chapter 2. OIC Economies during the COVID-19: Implications and Recommendations; M. Kabir Hassan, Saeed Awadh Bin-Nashwan, and Aishath Muneeza Chapter 3. COVID-19 and Islamic Finance: A Practitioners' view and Financial Accounting Investigation; Paolo Biancone, Silvana Secinaro, Davide Calandra, and Federico Chmet Chapter 4. COVID-19 and Resilience of Islamic Home Financing: Enhanced Musharakah Mutanaqisah (EMM) Model as an Example; Alam I. Asadov Chapter 5. Measuring Good Governance for Islamic Financial Institutions for Achieving Islamic Social Finance Objectives: The Need for Shariah Governance Index; Nor Asila Binti Nazmi, Rusni Hassan, and Abdul Rahim Abdul Rahman Part 2: Pandemic Transformation of Zakat and Waqf Management Practices Chapter 6. Internationalization of Zakat to Serve Humanity in the Midst of COVID-19: Using International Organizations as Intermediaries of Zakat; Jemilah Mahmood, M. Kabir Hassan, and Aishath Muneeza Chapter 7. Waqf To Support Healthcare Well-Being Mission: The Proposed Model for Corporate Waqf For Healthcare (CWFH); Rusni Hassan and Khairul Fikry Jamaluddin Chapter 8. Modelling Effective Zakat Management for the 'stans' of Central Asia and Establishing Pandemic Resilience; Ziyaad Mahomed Chapter 9. A Review on Governance and Best practices in Waqf Management for Sustainable Development in Selected Malaysian States and Other Countries; Rusni Hassan, Noor Mahinar Abu Bakar, and Noor Haini Akmal Abu Bakar Chapter 10. Role of Zakat in Responding to COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learnt and Way Forward; Randi Swandaru and Magda Ismail Abdel Mohsin Part 3: Case Studies of Islamic finance and Pandemic Innovations Chapter 11. The Need to Digitize Sukuk Issuance Amid COVID-19 Crisis; Sherin Kunhibava, Zakariya Mustapha, Aishath Muneeza, Auwal Adam Sa’ad, and Muhammad Ershadul Karim Chapter 12. The COVID-19 Pandemic: Conceptual Framework for the Global Economic Impacts and Recovery; Md. Jafor Ali, Abul Bashar Bhuiyan, Norhayah Zulkifli, and M. Kabir Hassan Chapter 13. COVID-19 Pandemic and Islamic Social Finance Products in Iran; Majid Pireh Chapter 14. Islamic Finance Provides Better Solutions in Overcoming the Financial Distress Ascribable to COVID-19: Evidence from Malaysia; Mohd Johan Lee Chapter 15. Stock Market Volatility Following Uncertainty of Covid-19 Outbreak; News Impact Curve Analysis Approach; Anwar Hasan Abdullah Othman, Razali Haron, and Salina Kassim

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Book SynopsisExpertly navigating the complex relationships between accounting and the development of hybridized public governance, this erudite Handbook critically analyses the most pressing challenges and limitations currently facing accounting and public governance research. Comprehensively drawing intricate links between accounting, public governance and hybridization, it conceptualizes the role of accounting by looking at the current and prospective needs of hybridized public governance.Interdisciplinary in scope, this Handbook brings together contributions from an array of eminent scholars who explore key themes of accounting including performance measurement, accountability, budgeting and reporting. Different forms of public governance are examined and chapters uniquely scrutinize various aspects of accounting in different public governance settings, simultaneously engaging a perspective of hybridization. The Handbook also identifies a number of suggestions for future scholarly research thereby making a progressive and innovative contribution to this field of study.This indispensable Handbook will prove essential to scholars, researchers and students across the fields of accounting, public management, public finance, regulation and governance, public administration, and public policy. Practitioners within these fields will also find this to be an essential read.Trade Review‘This essential book contains 35 authors from across the globe and provides a smorgasbord of coverage, addressing cross-cutting public accounting and governance issues by various topics. This Handbook testifies that hybridization in the public sector and its associated accounting and public governance issues are important to organizations and societies in the modern era.’ -- James Guthrie, Macquarie University, Australia‘In the past decades, the number and types of hybrid organizations has increased strongly – and these organizations are here to stay! The hybridity of these organizations has had impact on all elements of public governance. Mixing efficiency driven modes with more attention for public value creation creates tensions for accountability, financial and other types of reporting, performance measurement and budgeting. This Handbook offers a welcome overview and discussion of these tensions, with examples from various countries, policy sectors, and government levels. It is a must read for scholars and students who are studying hybrid organizations.’ -- Sandra van Thiel, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the NetherlandsTable of ContentsContents: Preface xiv 1 Introduction to the Handbook of Accounting and Public Governance 1 Guiseppe Grossi and Jarmo Vakkuri PART I HYBRIDISED PUBLIC GOVERNANCE IN THEORY 2 Governance of hybrid networks in organisations and society 11 Jan-Erik Johanson and Jarmo Vakkuri 3 Hybridity in digital and algorithmic public governance 32 Tero Erkkilä 4 Accounting and participatory governance for public sector hybridity 47 Evgenii Aleksandrov PART II ACCOUNTABILITY IN HYBRIDISED PUBLIC GOVERNANCE: THEORY AND PRACTICE 5 Manifestations of hybrid accountability in horizontal network governance 68 Tomi Rajala, Petra Kokko, Harri Laihonen and Elias Pekkola 6 Addressing accountability challenges with theory of change: the case of a social partnership in Ukraine 95 Anatoli Bourmistrov, Veronika Vakulenko and Olga Iermolenko 7 Interactive accountability in the case of digital governance 116 Olga Trunova PART III BUDGETING IN HYBRIDISED PUBLIC GOVERNANCE: THEORY AND PRACTICE 8 The use of non-financial performance indicators in the budgeting process of hybrids 129 Tjerk Budding and Vera van Schie 9 Participatory budgeting in reshaping public budgeting: evidence from Finland, Poland, and the US 142 Lotta-Maria Sinervo, Pauliina Lehtonen, Katarzyna Radzik-Maruszak and Carol Ebdon 10 Digitalisation and citizen engagement: comparing participatory budgeting in Rome and Barcelona 163 Giorgia Mattei, Valentina Santolamazza and Martina Manzo PART IV PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT IN HYBRIDISED PUBLIC GOVERNANCE: THEORY AND PRACTICE 11 Horizontal performance in the case of network governance: management by objectives and school performance 184 Åge Johnsen and Paul Brakstad Waters 12 Non-financial performance measurement in participatory governance: how to measure the different facets of hybridity? 203 Michele Andreaus, Akylai Anarbaeva and Caterina Pesci 13 The design and use of a digital PMS, and the emergence of gaming logic: the experience of the Italian Ministry of Culture 224 Deborah Agostino and Paola Riva PART V REPORTING IN HYBRIDISED PUBLIC GOVERNANCE: THEORY AND PRACTICE 14 Whole-of-government reporting and network governance 246 Danny Chow and Elaine Stewart 15 Linking popular reporting to citizen engagement: evidence and ideas from Italy 264 Luca Bartocci and Silvana Filomena Secinaro 16 Internet reporting and digital governance: evidence from multiple Italian municipalities 284 Silvana Filomena Secinaro, Valerio Brescia and Davide Calandra 17 Conclusions – accounting and hybridised public governance 303 Jarmo Vakkuri and Giuseppe Grossi Index 325

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Book SynopsisPublic spending accounts for a significant share of national GDP and is perceived as a critically important way for overcoming periods of economic and social crisis, but is often criticised as inefficient and ineffective, giving raise to calls for new processes of reform. Because most public resources are raised through taxation from citizens and businesses, accountability and assurance are key in the democratic process, and auditing attempts to fulfil this public interest role. This in turn leaves public sector auditing under increasing public scrutiny and political pressure. Through a comparative analysis of the development of auditing practices in governments across the globe, Auditing Practices in Local Governments: An International Comparison provides a contemporary overview of public sector auditing practices at both local and state level. By focusing on countries which have experienced differing implementation processes, and which are characterised by different administrative and political cultures, the authors provide a comparative analysis of countries across the globe, including major European states, China, Australia, and New Zealand. Written by scholars and practitioners in the fields of public sector auditing, this first volume of Emerald Studies in Public Service Accounting and Accountability provides readers both researchers and practitioners with a thorough overview of international public sector auditing practice.Table of ContentsChapter 1. The why, who and what of public sector auditing; Laurence Ferry, Pasquale Ruggiero, and Henry Midgley Chapter 2. Local government Auditing in Australia; Zahirul Hoque and Thiru Thiagarajah Chapter 3. Local Government Auditing in Austria; Tobias Polzer, Sebastian Vith, and Günter Bauer Chapter 4. Local Government Auditing in Brazil; André Feliciano Lino, Ricardo Rocha de Azevedo, Ismar Viana, and André Carlos Busanelli de Aquino Chapter 5. Local Government Auditing in the People’s Republic of China; Zhao Zaozao Chapter 6. Local Government Auditing in England; Laurence Ferry, Henry Midgley, and Aileen Murphie Chapter 7. Local Government Auditing in France; Marcel Guenoun and Robin Degron Chapter 8. Local Government Auditing in Germany; René Geissler Chapter 9. Local Government auditing in Italy; Pasquale Ruggiero, Andrea Mazzillo, and Patrizio Monfardini Chapter 10. Local Government Auditing in the Netherlands; Tjerk Budding, Herman van Brenk, Remko Renes, and Rein-Aart van Vugt Chapter 11. Local Government Auditing in New Zealand; Carolyn Cordery, David Hay, and Robert Cox Chapter 12. Local Government Auditing in Portugal; Susana Jorge, Sónia Nogueira, and Ana Calado Pinto Chapter 13. Local Government Auditing in Spain; Lourdes Torres and Ignacio Cabeza Chapter 14. Local Government Auditing in Sweden; Torbjörn Tagesson and Per-Åke Brunström Chapter 15. Local Government Auditing in Switzerland; Pascal Horni and Martin Köhli Chapter 16. Where is Public Sector Auditing: A Comparative Analysis; Laurence Ferry, Pasquale Ruggiero, and Henry Midgley

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Book SynopsisFinancial measurement can be difficult, especially in the public sector where accurate and reliable reporting is imperative for public trust, legality, accountability, and long-term sustainability of activities. Measurement in Public Sector Financial Reporting brings together theoretical arguments and empirical evidence to fuel the debate on measurement approaches in public sector financial reporting. Understanding that various dimensions of value need to be explored in order to reveal methods for providing a more comprehensive public sector view, Measurement in Public Sector Financial Reporting presents a constructive and thoughtful analysis of possible valuation methodologies for the public sector context and related peculiarities and critical issues. The chapters consider both theory and practice, providing a holistic showcase for both practitioner and academic viewpoints. The authors develop discussions and consolidate knowledge, providing a substantial contribution to an international debate. This second volume of Emerald Studies in Public Service Accounting and Accountability recognises the unique characteristics of public sector assets, liabilities, and the other elements of financial statements. The views presented in the chapters make the contents useful for those who are involved, interested in, or responsible for the preparation of public sector financial reporting and related standards.Table of ContentsForeword; Sandra Cohen INTRODUCTION Chapter 1. Exploring the Measurement Dilemma in Public Sector Financial Reporting; Josette Caruana, Marco Bisogno, and Mariafrancesca Sicilia FRAMEWORKS AND METHODOLOGIES Chapter 2. Pathways for Implementing an Asset Information Framework for the Valuation and Management of Fixed Assets; Mohamed Salah and Marco Bisogno Chapter 3. Accounting for Public Sector Assets: Comparing Historical Cost and Current Value Models; Yuri Biondi and Lasse Oulasvirta Chapter 4. The Principle of Prudence in Government Accounting; Berit Adam, Jens Heiling, and Tim Meglitsch Chapter 5. The Applicability of the Current Operational Value for the Measurement of Assets in the Public Sector; Kamira Sánchez and Fabrizio Mocavini MEASURING AND REPORTING THE ELEMENTS IN FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Chapter 6. The Measurement of Income and Expenditure: Comparing Public Accounts and National Accounts; Giovanna Dabbicco and Josette Caruana Chapter 7. The Relevance of the Consolidated Financial Statement in the Measurement of Local Government Liabilities; Cristian Carini and Claudio Teodori Chapter 8. Public Administrations’ Equity (Net Assets): Where Problems of Evaluation and Measurement Walk Together; Riccardo Mussari, Pasquale Ruggiero, and Daniela Sorrentino FOCUSING ON HERITAGE Chapter 9. Measurement and Reporting of Heritage Assets - Insights from Practice in New Zealand; Nives Botica Redmayne, Fawzi Laswad, and Dimu Ehalaiye Chapter 10. Measuring Heritage Assets in Public Sector Financial Reporting: Dream or Reality?; Lucia Biondi, Fabio Giulio Grandis, and Daniele Vari Chapter 11. Towards Convergence of Heritage Accounting Perspectives: The Public Sector and the Private Not-for-Profit Sector; Natalia Aversano and Johan Christiaens

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Book SynopsisHow do public spaces generate accountability and advance social equity? Stimulating the conversation, the articles in this volume explore the creation of meaning, the increasing confrontation between regulators and the community they are purported to serve, and the prevalent conflicts in seeking a balancing of social and economic interests. How are communities served in hospitals and schools by accounting standards and administrators? Are shareholders protected from managers’ opportunistic behaviors? How is professional status supported or denied for women in Columbia and other regions of the globe? Accounting’s role in producing worldviews, creating visibilities and in impacting our quality of life stimulates our engagement in these significant issues, reinvigorating what it means to provide accountability. We follow the legacy of public interest and critical accounting research in this volume, uncovering the discipline’s relationship to power and symbolism and its impact on our security and well-being as a challenge to conventional accounting. Table of ContentsArticle 1. Management Entrenchment and Stock Option Backdating; Nana Y. Amoah, Isaac Bonaparte, Ebenezer K. Lamptey and Muni Kelly Article 2. Women Accountants in Academic and Research Spaces in Colombia; Candy Chamorro González, Ruth Alejandra Patiño Jacinto and Lisseth Vásquez Peñaloza Article 3. Connecting Two Worlds: Family Farming and School Feeding through the Theoretical Lenses of Structuration Theory; Leão Maldonado, Silvia Pereira de Castro Casa Nova, Luiz Miguel Renda dos Santos and Marcia Maria dos Santos Bortolocci Espejo Article 4. Accounting for Combinations of Nonprofit Hospitals After SFAS 164: Has the FASB Achieved Its Goals?; Elizabeth A.M. Searing and Daniel Tinkelman Article 5. The Social Construction of Fraud: Views from the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission; Joanne Sopt Article 6. Essay: Critically Reflecting on Accounting Violence: Matters of the Hearth; Cheryl R. Lehman and Gloria Agyemang Article 7. Editor Reflections: Accounting and the Public Interest: The Danger of a Single Story: Algorithms as Imperfect; Cheryl R. Lehman

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Book SynopsisDespite their broad scope and importance, publications related to public sector accounting and auditing have a limited framework, and do not account for the significant variances in public sector accounting and auditing systems between countries and different subsectors of government. The editors of this book have filled this gap by compiling a collection that combines different aspects of public sector accounting and auditing within a single book. Pooling together existing public sector accounting and auditing practices between countries and preparing a comparative analysis of those practices, the authors analyze the role of the public sector accounting and auditing holistically, and provide a platform to enable financially sustainable policy making and proper assessment of the relevance of accounting frameworks across the globe. The chapters chronicle the strength and weakness of public sector accounting, auditing and systems, and also critically examine the approaches, recording methods, and international regulations which determine how they operate. Providing a comprehensive account which brings a wide range of countries to the forefront in terms of both comparability and accountability, this study shines a light on the differences in accounting systems between states, and provides timely and accurate information to equip readers to minimize those differences.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Some Evaluations of the Effectiveness of Public Sector Accounting System in Turkey; A. Kadir Işik and Emine Seda KoçChapter 2. Harmonization Process of Albanian National Accounting Standards and International Accounting; Agim Mamuti, Evlia Hysa and Francesco Caputo Chapter 3. Role of Public Auditors in Fraud Detection: A Critical Review; Rasha Kassem and Umut Turksen Chapter 4. Financial and Performance Information Presentation in Annual Report: An Investıgatıon on the Municipalities in Turkey; Emin Zeytinoğlu Chapter 5. Effectiveness of Financial Auditing in the Public Health Sector: Evaluation of Turkey; Esra Atabay Chapter 6. Readability Analysis of Laws Related to Public Financial Responsibility and State Budget: Comparison of Selected Countries; Gonca Güngör Göksu and Serdar Dumlupinar Chapter 7. The Evolving Competencies of the Public Auditor and the Future of Public Sector Auditing; Lale Aslan Chapter 8. Advantages of Tax Audit; Orçun Avci and Zeynep Demirci Chapter 9. Overpayment and Undue Payment Operations in Publıc Sector Accountıng and Their Accounting Process; Özen Akçakanat and Taner Duran Chapter 10. Modern Approaches, Recording Methods, and International Regulations on Public Accounting; Öznur Arslan Chapter 11. Public Sector Accountıng in Turkey: Past-Present-Future; Serap Sebahat Yanık, Seval Kardes Selımoglu and Gul Yesılcelebı Chapter 12. Internal Audit in Public Banks in the Framework of International Internal Audit Standards: The Case of Turkey; Yusuf Kaya and Mehmet Utku Chapter 13. Measurement of the Effectiveness of Internal Audits in Public Sector; Burcu İşgüden Kiliç, Özlem Kuvat and Engin Boztepe Chapter 14. A Maturity Evaluation of Governance, Risk Management and Compliance (GRC) within the Maltese Public Sector; Clint Zammit, Simon Grima and Y. Murat Kizilkaya

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Book SynopsisRichard Musgrave is one of the most eminent public finance economists of our time. In this third volume of essays, Professor Musgrave once more takes a broad view of fiscal institutions, their nature and functions. Traditions of fiscal theory and their impact on the author's work are discussed and their linkage to theories of the state and of distributive justice are examined. Selected topics include: the foundations of public finance, equity in taxation, tax reform, federalism and budget growth.Public Finance in a Democratic Society will be of interest to scholars and students of public finance, political economy and public policy.Trade Review'Richard Musgrave is arguably the leading public finance scholar of his generation. This book is a testament to his outstanding contribution to his discipline. Its 28 chapters reproduce selected conference papers, journal articles, essays, and commentaries by Musgrave that have been published over his long and distinguished career. . . The smooth prose and compelling content of the chapters are imbued throughout with Musgrave's deep and passionate commitment to the institutions of the liberal welfare state.' -- Tim Edgar, Canadian Tax JournalTable of ContentsContents: Preface Part I: Foundations 1. The Role of the State in Fiscal Theory 2. Crossing Traditions 3. Public Finance and Finanzwissenschaft Traditions Compared 4. Combining and Separating Fiscal Choices: Wicksell’s Model at its Centennial 5. Social Science, Ethics, and the Role of the Public Sector 6. Tableau Fiscale 7. Merit Goods Part II: Equity in Taxation 8. Public Finance and Distributive Justice 9. The Nature of Horizontal Equity and the Principle of Broad-Based Taxation: A Friendly Critique 10. Social Contract, Taxation and the Standing of Deadweight Loss 11. Horizontal Equity, Once More 12. Horizontal Equity: A Further Note 13. Tax Equity with Multiple Jurisdictions (with Peggy B. Musgrave) 14. Pigou on Taxation Part III: Multiple Jurisdictions 15. Federalism, Grants and Fiscal Equalization (with Peter Mieszkowski) 16. Who Should Tax, Where and What? 17. Inter-nation Equity (with Peggy B. Musgrave) 18. Devolution, Grants and Fiscal Competition Part IV: Budget Growth 19. When is the Public Sector too Large? 20. Excess Bias and the Nature of Budget Growth 21. Fiscal Churning (with Peggy B. Musgrave) 22. Fiscal Functions of the Public Sector 23. Reconsidering the Fiscal Role of Government 24. The Longer View 25. Comments on James M. Buchanan ‘The Fiscal Crisis in Welfare Democracies’ Part V: Tax Reform 26. Clarifying Tax Reform 27. Tax Reform in Developing Countries 28. Micro and Macro Aspects of Fiscal Policy Index

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive analysis of public expenditure control in Europe and the coordination strategies available. It provides a detailed scrutiny of the various audit systems in the EU and the difficulties in building consistency or harmony between them. The book demonstrates how successful strategies should aim to strengthen the collaboration between different layers of government at the EU, national and regional levels. The authors illustrate how effective cooperation between Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) is one of the starting points for any rational system of external control of Europe's public finances. However, this cooperation must be founded upon respect for the independence and operating mandate of each SAI and for their different organizational and operational procedures. Importantly, the authors analyse three critical phenomena that determine the present context in which SAIs develop their activities. These include the impact of the current processes of supranational integration and state decentralization taking place in Europe; the growing demand for transparency, accountability and external control; and the more complex situations created by the loss of a clear distinction between the private and public sectors. The book also offers detailed country studies of audit functions and how they are developed and interpreted, and examines coordination strategies in the context of fraud, auditing, reporting and harmonization. This volume will prove to be an invaluable resource for scholars, students and practitioners of public finance, auditing and administration. It will also be of interest to those working in the areas of public budgeting and public sector management in the EU.Trade Review‘Public Expenditure Control in Europe provides a timely and detailed study of audit control of government expenditure in selected EU countries. It combines the factual and descriptive analysis of senior experts practising in the area with the insights of top academics writing in this field. The studies dissect different cultural and institutional practices in auditing public expenditure - highlighting difficulties in gaining European consistency or in auditing across different levels of government. Overall, the book argues for greater harmonization and comparability while allowing room for diversity and experimentation.' -- John Wanna, Griffith University, AustraliaTable of ContentsContents: Foreword Part I: Different Forms of Public Control 1. Public Control: A General View 2. Public Audit in the United Kingdom 3. Public Expenditure Control in the Netherlands 4. Public Financial Control in Europe: The Example of the Federal Republic of Germany 5. The System of Public Control in Spain 6. External Audit Institutions: The European Court of Auditors and its Relationship with the National Audit Institutions of the Member States Part II: Towards Coordination Strategies 7. A Policy to Fight Financial Fraud in the European Union 8. The Coordination of Internal Controls: The Single Audit – Towards a European Union Internal Control Framework 9. Towards the Coordination of Financial Reporting at the Different Levels of Public Administration in Europe Index

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Book SynopsisGovernment auditing in China has been in place for 3000 years, and it is compulsory within the management of the financial sectors to ensure the country is run well from the perspective of the public economy. In recent years, challenges within China around the promotion of anti-corruption have provided fresh reasons to study government auditing in China. As China was the first country worldwide to introduce the government audit, it provides an interesting lens to study Chinese history, transitional processes and the changes of the audit's function. As China is the second biggest and fasting growing economy in the world, it also provides readers with the opportunity to explore how the government audit works in China since their WTO accession in 2002. Since China's leadership have conducted an anti-corruption campaign nationwide, it also provides a timely opportunity to study the audit in line with conversations on fighting corruption within the financial sector. The book provides three practical ways to understand detailed research on the content, form and measures of each of these paths, which will help inspire and guide thinking and decision-making within the levels of government, governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and enterprises in the perspective of China's government audit. The book also expands the ideas of financial management, enriches the content and forms of administrative promotion of China's financial sector, and makes a positive contribution to improving the theory of China's government audit – all of which is conducive to accelerating the process of developing the capacity of China's financial sectors.Table of Contents Chapter One: The History of China's State Audit System Centering on Financial Audit for Financial and Economic Discipline (1983-1993) Centering on Special Funds Audit to Promote Macro-Control (1994-2002) Strengthening Supervision and Monitoring (2002-present) Current Situation of China's Government Auditing System Chapter Two: The Changes and Characteristics of China's Auditing Standards The Changes and Characteristics of INTOSAI The Evolution and Characteristics in Each Stage of China's National Auditing Criteria Analysis on Changes in Main Content and Characteristics of China's National Auditing Standards Characteristics of Changes in China's National Auditing Standards Chapter Three: How the Audit Works on the Anti-corruption in China The China's Announcement System of Audit Results How Announcement System Works Problems of China's Announcement System in Dealing with the Corruption Functions of China's State Audit The Direction of Functions of State Audit Chapter Four: Environment Analysis and Mode Selection of China's State Audit Classification of Audit Patterns Mode Selection of China's State Audit Chapter Five: Government Audit of State-Owned Enterprises Government Audit and Anti-Corruption Economic Responsibility Audit of Persons in Charge of State-Owned Enterprises Performance Audit of State-Owned Enterprises Chapter Six: Audit of Administrative Institutions Development of Audit of Administrative Institutions Audit of Central Administrative Institutions Audit by Industry and Development Audit of Special Funds Chapter Seven: Audit of Investment in Fixed Assets Contents of Audit of Investments in Fixed Assets Auditing Methods for Investments in Fixed Assets Audit Procedures and Programs for Investment in Fixed Assets Chapter Eight: Conclusion-Problems in China's Government Audit and Countermeasures Defects in Administrative Government Audit Unsatisfactory Quality of Government Audit Insufficient Disclosure of Government Audit Information Unsound Accountability-Seeking Mechanism of Audit Unsound System of Performance Audit Lacking of the Effective Assessment Indicator System of Performance Audit Countermeasures and suggestions of China's Reform of the Government Audit Further Consolidating the Construction of "Staff, Laws and Techniques" Improving the Mechanism of Audit Result Announcement and Audit Transparency Improving the Auditing Accountability Mechanism Bibliography

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Book SynopsisNo greater issue than the relationship between ethics, equity, and regulation can be said to have emerged in these 'troubled times'. How can we account for continuing inequalities in an era promoting enlightened social and economic connections? What mechanisms of perceptions and politics will enable policy makers and scholars to advance significant progressive change? This volume offers diverse research examining accounting's contribution to these challenges given the profession's multifaceted roles. Authors scrutinize executive compensation packages to evaluate whether ideals of managerial power are consistent with the betterment of stakeholders. Others confront issue of gender stereotyping and describe attitudes fostering greater equality. How can US regulations improve auditor independence, enhance reporting quality, and augment responsibility are the aims of some authors, while accountability and public policy in a non-US setting is researched in another. Together, these articles work toward illuminating the role of the accounting profession as a potential change agent fostering public interest issues.Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Ad hoc Reviewers. The impact of regulation on economic bonding and auditor independence: An analysis of sox and suggestions for future research. Role perceptions of accountants: Ten more years through the looking glass. Sustainability Reputation and Environmental Performance or “The Proof of the Pudding is in the Eating”. A study of the expectations gap for no-assurance services. Does equity compensation induce executives to maximize firm value or their own personal wealth?. The game of fraudulent financial reporting: accounting for ethics. Stakeholders’ perceptions on the accountability of Malaysian local authorities. An experimental investigation of the intentions to accrue and disclose environmental liabilities. Advances in Public Interest Accounting. Ethics, Equity, and Regulation. Copyright page.

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Book SynopsisThis volume reflects the pioneering contribution of Nancy and Richard Ruggles to the development of national accounts. It provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of national accounting systems over the last 50 years.The book is divided into three parts: the evolution of national accounting, the United States national accounts and the United Nations system of national accounts. The authors look at the treatment of pensions, insurance, and value added in national accounting, and the relationship between national income accounting and economic policy. They then look at the conceptual basis and evolution of national accounting systems in the United States between 1947 and 1977 and the integrated economic accounts between 1947 and 1980. Finally, the book includes a review of the major issues in the United Nations system of national accounts, both in terms of measurement and in their applicability to economies in transition and developing countries.Trade Review'Richard Ruggles, often assisted by Nancy Ruggles, has been a major contributor to national income accounting and to the empirical study of microeconomics and macroeconomics using that and other data. He has focused on the quantitative analysis of actual economic systems in a discipline increasingly preoccupied with abstract pure conceptual models. Like the work of Simon Kuznets and others, Ruggles's analyses encompass an unusually wide range of variables.' -- Warren J. Samuels, Michigan State University, US'They are clearly a classic team that has contributed enormously to national income account analysis over the years. The recent concern about measuring prices and productivity and about the correct indexing for Social Security has brought renewed attention to their work. Every serious economics library should have the volumes.' -- Martin Feldstein, National Bureau of Economic Research, US'The papers speak for themselves and demonstrate the magnitude of the contribution which Nancy and Richard Ruggles have made to the subject of economic accounting in the last half century. In contrast to many introverted and overly technical manuals and articles on national accounts, their papers are invariably clear, stimulating and readable.' -- From the foreword by Peter HillTable of ContentsContents: Part I: Evolution and Concepts of National Accounting 1. National Income Accounting and its Relation to Economic Policy 2. Concepts of Real Capital Stock and Services 3. The Evolution and Present State of National Economic Accounting 4. The Role of the National Accounts in the Statistical System 5. The Treatment of Pensions and Insurance in National Accounts 6. National Income Accounting Concepts and Measurement: Economic Theory and Practice 7. The Value Added of National Accounting Part II: United States National Accounts 8. The Evolution of National Accounts and the National Data Base 9. The United States National Income Accounts, 1947–77: Their Conceptual Basis and Evolution 10. Integrated Economic Accounts for the United States, 1947–80 11. Integrated Economic Accounts: Reply Part III: United Nations System of Accounts 12. The System of National Accounts: Review of Major Issues 13. Financial Accounts and Balance Sheets: Issues for the Revision of the SNA 14. A Note on the Revision of the United Nations System of National Accounts 15. Statistical Measurements for Economic Systems in Transition: Strategy for Implementing the UN System of National Accounts (SNA) 16. Issues Relating to the UN System of National Accounts and Developing Countries 17.The United Nations System of National Accounts (SNA) and the Integration of Macro- and Microdata Bibliography Index

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisIm Jahr 2009 hat der Gesetzgeber im Rahmen der Föderalismusreform II nicht nur eine "Schuldenbremse" eingeführt, sondern auch ein neues Gremium: Den Stabilitätsrat. Dieser soll u.a. die Haushaltswirtschaft von Bund und Ländern überwachen. In der Wissenschaft fand dieses Gremium bisher nur wenig Beachtung. Diese Lücke will Marius Thye schließen: Er befasst sich ausführlich mit den Rechtsgrundlagen der Arbeit des Stabilitätsrates, seiner Organisation, Arbeitsweise und seinen unterschiedlichen Aufgaben, und ordnet ihn in das System der deutschen Finanzverfassung ein. Als Jurist und Staatswissenschaftler versucht der Autor dabei zwischen verschiedenen Disziplinen zu vermitteln: Er greift ökonomische Erkenntnisse auf und führt diese in rechtspolitische und -wissenschaftliche Diskussionen ein. Gleichzeitig macht er Ökonomen die rechtlichen Grundlagen für die Stabilitätsratsarbeit verständlich. Skeptisch ist der Autor mit Blick auf die Frage, ob der Stabilitätsrat die nachhaltige Tragfähigkeit der öffentlichen Haushalte durch eine effektive Haushaltsüberwachung sichert.

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Book SynopsisDie Herstellung gleichwertiger Lebensverhältnisse ist ein stets umstrittenes und aktuelles Leitbild. Martin Schuppli stellt verfassungsrechtliche Grundlage und verwaltungsrechtliche Umsetzung dieses Gebots dar. Er sieht das Gebot der Herstellung gleichwertiger Lebensverhältnisse als Ausprägung des Sozialstaatsprinzips, die sämtliche Formen der Staatsgewalt bindet. Die Bedeutung des Gebots geht über den Bereich der Raumordnung hinaus, vielmehr wirkt es in allen Bereichen des Verwaltungsrechts. Die Untersuchung der verwaltungsrechtlichen Umsetzung erfolgt anhand ausgewählter Referenzgebiete des Rechts der Leistungsverwaltung, des Planungs- und Organisationsrechts sowie des Gewährleistungsverwaltungsrechts. Dabei beleuchtet der Autor aktuelle Probleme wie den Landarztmangel, sinkende Schülerzahlen und moderne Ansätze der Daseinsvorsorge wie mobile Angebote, Bürgerbusse oder Dorfläden.

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