Public administration / Public policy Books

Book SynopsisBureaucracy is an integral part of modern democratic polity. The modern democratic states are built upon the bureaucratic structure that undergrid these states, although there is a vast difference in bureaucratic traditions and cultures in between developed and developing democratic and democratizing societies. As a developing region, South Asia has a longstanding tradition of bureaucratic organization. The traditional bureaucracies were patrimonial in nature, where loyalty was valued more than professionalism. However, the replacement of the concept of modern rational-legal bureaucracy in traditional societies like South Asia was initiated by the colonial master rulers or imperial powers following the conceptualization of modern bureaucracy by Max Weber. Their (colonial rulers) intention was to establish a steel frame of administration in South Asia so that their hegemony remains intact even after the breakdown of colonial hegemony. Studies of democratic politics in India, the military dominated authoritarian state of Pakistan and the newly democratic state of Bangladesh have addressed this heavily in the literature of politics and administration, but far less explained the process of governance, particularly explaining the politicization of the bureaucracy in South Asia. The role of bureaucracy in governance is not a new phenomenon in the discourse of politics and administration. Irrespective of the regions and the systems of government, professional mandarins or bureaucracies (rational-legal, neutral and merit-based) are exceedingly involved in the process of governance and development, and immensely contribute to the development by serving as advisers, inventors, and decision-makers along with the elected politicians as the agent of change. Thus, a study has been carried out on the politics-bureaucracy relationship and the role of bureaucracy in governance. Yet, academics are interested to understand the nature of the relationship between politics and bureaucracy, their transition, and their mutual interaction in politics from different perspectives and academic point of view with intellectual inquiry. This monograph is with the South Asian bureaucracy, focusing on the light of politicization.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides meaningful reports from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of the Inspector General. In addition to providing details of some key successful operations within the agency, the reports also provide details about operations within the agency that need updated measures and controls to be effective.

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Book SynopsisMuch progress has been made in achieving the ambitious goals that Congress established in 1972 in the Clean Water Act (CWA) to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nations waters. However, long-standing problems persist, and new problems have emerged. Water quality problems are diverse, ranging from pollution runoff from farms and ranches, city streets, and other diffuse or nonpoint sources, to toxic substances discharged from factories and sewage treatment plants. Since the early 2000s, increased oil and gas production across the nation has resulted in a corresponding increase in wastewater that must be managed, reused, or disposed of properly. In particular, the hydraulic fracturing process has also raised concerns about potential effects to human health and the environment, including the potential contamination of underground drinking water sources by injecting wastewater associated with the production of oil and gas.

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Book SynopsisIn 2017, four sequential disastershurricanes Harvey, Irma, Maria, and the California wildfires -- created an unprecedented demand for federal disaster response and recovery resources. According to FEMA, 2017 included three of the top five costliest hurricanes on record. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration estimated that the cumulative damages from weather and climate related disasters in the United States were over $300 billion in 2017 alone. As of June 2018, Congress had appropriated over $120 billion in supplemental funding for response and recovery related to the 2017 hurricanes and wildfires. Further, in October 2017, close to 14,000 federal employees were deployed in response to the disasters.

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Book SynopsisAfter the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, Congress passed and the President signed the Aviation and Transportation Security Act into law, with the primary goal of strengthening the security of the nations civil aviation system. The act established TSA as the agency with responsibility for securing all modes of transportation, including civil aviation. As part of this responsibility, TSA performs or oversees security operations at the nations nearly 440 commercial airports, including managing passenger and checked baggage screening operations.

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Book SynopsisThe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 included a provision "to assess the panoply of benefits and programs available government-wide to separating servicemembers intended to provide the skills and education necessary for such members to achieve meaningful and fulfilling employment in their civilian lives." Chapter 1 describes the comprehensive inventory of federal programs providing assistance to servicemembers, veterans, and their families -- including information from the administering agencies on who is eligible to receive services, the programs'' objectives, and the available services. Chapter 2 provides a general discussion of legislative provisions and proposals relating to the military benefits for former spouses. Chapter 3 contains information on locating military unit histories and individual service records of discharged, retired, and deceased military personnel. Military medical care is a congressionally authorised entitlement that has expanded in size and scope since the late 19th century. Chapter 4 answers selected frequently asked questions about military health care. Chapter 5 discusses the standards and procedures governing the disposition of medical malpractice claims that servicemembers and non-servicemembers assert against the United States, as well as pertinent considerations for Congress. DOD has taken steps to modernise its Military Health System to ensure that it operates efficiently. Chapter 6 assessed the extent to which the services use validated dental clinic staffing models that also incorporate cross-service staffing standards, and have recruited and retained military dentists and measured the effectiveness of their recruitment and retention programs. The Survivor Benefit Plan (SBP), enacted in 1972, provides cash benefits to a surviving spouse or other eligible recipient(s) of a retiree or deceased member of the uniformed services. Chapter 7 describes the categories of beneficiaries eligible for survivor benefits under the military Survivor Benefit Plan (SBP), the formulas used in computing the income level (including the integration of SBP benefits with other federal benefits), and the costs of SBP participation incurred by the retiree and/or the beneficiary. Chapters 8 and 9 provide information on the military retirement system.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation opens with an analysis of the way in which developing competition policies in the provision of health services in Vietnam could creating a fair, equitable and effective environment for health service providers, as well as protection for health service users. Policy recommendations are proposed in an effort to improve the efficiency of Vietnam's investment in public services, thus increasing people's access to and benefit from health services. Similarly, policy recommendations are proposed in the context of educational services. In the history of translation and interpretation, community interpreting has been of great importance. As such, the rapid advances in defining this type of interpretation, or the concept of interpreting in general, are explored. One author presents a case study based on her personal experiences as an intern and as a professional interpreter at the Spanish Commission for Refugees, outlining the abilities, expertise and skills gained from said experiences. Interpretation is a growing sector, both in terms of employment and research, which offers many opportunities around the world. In closing, the authors examine which purchasing competencies, practices, and measurements are considered relevant to service purchasing development in the transportation public agency.Table of ContentsPreface; Competition Policy in the Provision of Vietnams Health Services with Opportunities and Challenges; State Investment in Health Services in Vietnam: Situation and Problems Raised; State Investment in Education Services in Vietnam: Current Situation and Issues; The Regulation of Community Interpreting in Europe: A Comparison between Germany and Spain; NGO Interpreting: A Case Study Based on Experience at the Spanish Commission for Refugees; New Techniques, Skills and Opportunities in Language Interpretation for Public Services; Development of Purchasing Competence in Service Procurement: Case Transportation Public Agency; Index.

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Book SynopsisNational Performance Review

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Book Synopsis"Entrepreneurial Management & Public Policy" tells the unfolding story of the paradigm shift from sovereignty, the public interest, and citizen-based governance and government; towards privatisation, contracts, and customer-based government and business. It analyses the benefits and dysfunctions of substituting market-based efficiency (output over input) policies and decisions for those grounded in the public interest and based on effectiveness (output over standards, eg: safety and security). It also reminds us that constant vigilance has become more significant when vested interests often disappear in this increasingly complex environment where sector blurring has become a common experience. Leading scholars analyse the public and private sector theories, practices, systems, networks, infrastructures and results of privatising public policy over the last few decades. This catalytic shift emerged from the: re-engineering, reinventing, total quality management, deregulation, contracting out, franchising, competition, managerialism, and entrepreneurialism that have impacted governments, budgets, citizens, contractors, governance systems, and public policy so significantly that it has transformed the field. Specific focus is placed on the management, governance, ethics, entrepreneurialism and performance of the following, among others: FEMA and emergency management; the IRS and service quality in the internet economy; the greening of industry through government-supervised, self-regulation; Homeland security and safety from terrorism; market driven academic management; NASA and its management of the space shuttle program; and, ethical entrepreneurial financial management. This second edition helps students of business and public policy to analyse the challenges and opportunities involved in optimally managing the costs and benefits of competitive efficiency with those of more collaborative effectiveness, for the good of citizens and customers in an increasingly market driven and entrepreneurially-oriented public policy environment. This unfolding 21st century reality calls for a new type of visionary and ethical leaders and managers with both public and private sector skills who can embrace both the challenges and the opportunities presented in order to optimally perform in our increasingly complex entrepreneurial public policy environment.

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Book SynopsisUnderstanding the characteristics and trends of the federal workforce is important because, among other things, agencies accomplish their missions via that workforce. Total personnel costs (direct compensation and benefits) for all federal employees (civilian and military, current employees and retirees) were estimated at more than $523 billion in 2008, and civilian personnel costs in the executive branch alone were estimated at about $194 billion. Three cabinet departments -- the Departments of Defense (DOD), Veterans Affairs (DVA), and Homeland Security (DHS) -- accounted for almost 60% of the nearly 1.9 million executive branch civilian employees in 2008. The duty stations for more than 35% of these employees were in four states (California, Virginia, Texas, and Maryland) and the District of Columbia, and DOD was the top federal employer in 35 states. DOD also employed more than 90% of federal civilian employees in foreign countries, and was the top federal employer in U.S. territories. The federal workforce grew by more than 120,000 employees between 2000 (the low point during the last 10 years) and 2008, with the growth concentrated in homeland security-related agencies and DVA. Civilian employment in other agencies (including DOD and most independent agencies) declined during the last 10 years.

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Book SynopsisGrants play a significant role in implementing and funding federal programs. The federal government''s use of grants to achieve national objectives and to respond to emerging trends, such as changing demographics and changing threats to homeland security, has grown significantly in the last two decades. While federal grant funding has been increasing, long-standing concerns remain about the federal government''s grants management and the lack of effective oversight tools to reasonably assure that grants are used for their intended purposes and that risks of fraud, waste and abuse are minimised. This book presents the grant management process as well as ways to improve oversight and accountability of federal grants.

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Book SynopsisThe Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several programs to support small businesses, including the Historically Underutilized Business Zone Empowerment Contracting (HUBZone) program. The HUBZone program is a small business federal contracting assistance program "whose primary objective is job creation and increasing capital investment in distressed communities. It provides participating small businesses located in areas with low income, high poverty rates, or high unemployment rates with contracting opportunities in the form of "set-asides," sole-source awards, and price-evaluation preferences. This book examines the arguments presented both for and against targeting assistance to geographic areas within specified characteristics, as opposed to providing assistance to people or businesses with specified characteristics and discusses the HUBZone program''s structure and operations.

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Book SynopsisThis book summaries the background, methods, and key findings of the final report produced for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) study entitled Models of SNAP Education and Evaluation, Wave I, and Wave II. The overarching goal of this book is to determine whether the selected projects can serve as good examples of effective nutrition education and promotion activities within SNAP-Ed.

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Book SynopsisThe Federal Government administers a wide array of programs on behalf of the American people: financial aid to assist with college attendance, social insurance programs and tax incentives to promote retirement security, health insurance programs to ensure access to healthcare and financial protection for families, disclosure requirements to help people obtain safer mortgages, and others. But Americans are best served by these programs only if the programs are easy to participate in and present options and information clearly. When programs are designed without these considerations in mind, Americans can incur costs that go beyond lost time and frustration. Research from behavioral science demonstrates that seemingly small barriers to engagement -- such as hard-to- understand information, burdensome applications, or poorly presented choices -- can prevent programs from working effectively for the very people they are intended to serve. In 2014, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) established the Social and Behavioral Sciences Team (SBST) to ensure that our best understanding of behavior -- how people engage with, participate in, and respond to policies and programsis integrated into the policymaking process. This book examines the social and behavioral sciences used in the advancement of policy.

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Book SynopsisEarly in the morning of 4 March 2015, a fierce knock at the door heralded the start of a new chapter in Harvey Proctor's almost continuous relationship with the police and media, when officers from the Metropolitan Police raided his home in connection with Operation Midland, Scotland Yard's investigation into allegations of a historic Westminster paedophile ring.In Credible and True - words famously used by the police to describe the allegations of Proctor's traducer - the former Conservative MP talks frankly about his life in and out of Parliament, from the struggles and controversy surrounding his resignation in 1987 to the numerous homophobic attacks endured since - one of which, revealed here in horrific detail for the first time, was a very nearly successful attempt on his life.Finally, he speaks candidly about his most recent embroilment in Operation Midland, of being the victim of a 'homosexual witch-hunt' that has all but destroyed his reputation, adding to the topical debate about police lack of due process in the post-Savile world of 'guilty until proven innocent'.Trade Review"This is the first book to be written - the first full, personal account - by someone on the receiving end of a horrific and shameful police scandal. The argument is incredibly strong; the facts are astonishing; the story is compelling." - Matthew Parris; "I have read no more painful account of the value of the presumption of innocence, or of the cruelty that comes without it." - Lord Ken Macdonald QC; "Credible and True will be an important reference book when historians research the era in which the fundamental tenet of the British justice system - 'innocent until proven guilty' - was inverted by the police. It takes great courage to stand up to the misdirected weight of the state. Harvey Proctor had that courage." - Paul Gambaccini; "Harvey Proctor's memoir carries a deadly serious message about victimisation ... This book is extraordinary." - Sunday Times

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Book SynopsisIs our civil service fit for purpose? Michael Coolican takes John Reid's damning statement about the Home Office as his point of departure for a comprehensive overview and evaluation of the machinery behind the government and the people who make public services work on a daily basis. Beginning with Henry VIII's chief minister Thomas Cromwell, Michael Coolican takes us on an odyssey through the history of the British civil service, starting with a time when public positions were sold and traded through Royal Warrant. Coolican examines the radical reforms of the Victorian era which entrenched a culture of elitism, misogyny and distrust of high-quality data as a basis for decision making, that, in some areas, persists to this day. A former high-level civil servant with forty years of experience, Coolican has produced a pithy and, where necessary, ruthless analysis of the civil service and its relationship with government, especially at Cabinet level, bringing to bear detailed and extensive research informed by a true insider.

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Book SynopsisIn the wake of the most unprecedented election result in recent memory, the question on everyone's lips is: what just happened to the UK's political landscape - and why? And who are the 182 new faces on the House of Commons benches?In The Politicos Guide to the New House of Commons 2015, public affairs consultant Tim Carr teams up with editors of the bestselling Politicos Guide to the 2015 General Election Iain Dale and Robert Waller to present an all-inclusive and essential post-election document for academics, journalists, students and political enthusiasts alike in the wake of the poll-defying 2015 general election.Wide-ranging and accessible, this essential guide provides, amongst much else:* Biographies of the class of 2015, alongside details of their majorities and constituencies;* Demographic analysis by age, gender, ethnic origin, education and background;* Lists of new marginal constituencies, possible targets seats, defeated MPs, and more;* Expert commentary from political journalists and pollsters, exploring the role of the media, the historic result in Scotland and the future impact of fixed-term parliaments.Ranging from the disastrous pre-election polls to the failure of UKIP to make a breakthrough - and the massacre of Scottish Labour - The Politicos Guide to the New House of Commons 2015 is a must-read for anyone eager to know the details of the election result that has so dramatically re-shaped the country's political landscape.

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a defense acquisition perspective that provides action orientations and decision making to increase the value-for-money (VFM) of public-private partnerships (PPPs) through public-private stewardship (PPS). The differing motives of the public and the private sector are not conducive to partnership that leads to optimal outcomes. PPS is offered to practitioners and academics as a solution to failures of PPPs by following the public stewardship tenets of fiduciary responsibility and advancing the public interest while factoring in the additional elements of the private sector. The public values of transparency, accountability, responsibility, responsiveness, efficiency, effectiveness, equity, diversity, inclusion, fairness, and security, among others, can be shared in success between the public and private partners. By establishing shared values aligning with each stakeholder’s measures for success, it is possible to devise value propositions for stakeholder decision making that supports inter-organizational strategy, operations, tactics, goals, and objectives. PPS practices can further ensue as the public-private steward utilizes tools of expertise and organizational capacity. The book provides seven portraits of practitioners in the practice of PPS to assist PPP stakeholders achieve VFM. PPS is illustrated using examples in the Department of Navy (DON) and Department of Defense (DOD).Table of ContentsChapter 1. IntroductionChapter 2. Leadership as StewardshipChapter 3. Political Actor for Political SettlementChapter 4. The Catalyst of the Public InterestChapter 5. Implementation Through CommunicationChapter 6. Transparent Engagement Across OrganizationChapter 7. Progress from Learning and AdaptationChapter 8. Stewardship Theory Over Agency TheoryChapter 9. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisGender impact assessment has been both celebrated as a beacon of hope for the cause of gender equality and criticised as being ineffectual. More than 20 years of gender mainstreaming have demonstrated that equality governance with and through impact assessment is an intersectional and still evolving process. Arn T. Sauer's study examines the instruments of gendered policy analysis and the conditions under which they are being used by the Canadian federal government and the European Commission. Interviews with experts from public administration and instrument designers as well as document analyses reveal benefits and challenges and show that the success of equality governance depends upon whether knowledge about gendered policy and appropriate administrative practices are embedded, embodied and entrenched in public administration.

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Book SynopsisIn the context of the ever-increasing political problematization of migration in Europe, agencies charged with migrant administration create diverse categories of difference to distinguish between the "deserving migrant" and the illegal one: They assess the detainability or the credibility of asylum seekers, the danger posed by Islamic organizations, and make situational decisions that determine whether migration or labour law applies to individual agricultural workers. In this book, each chapter analyses how organizational interpretations of the common good shape bureaucratic practices. Together, these ethnographic analyses reveal how migration policies in different European countries take shape in administrative practice.Table of ContentsThe Office; Keeping Numbers Low in the Name of Fairness; The Asylum Procedure in Border Detention; Moral Economy and Knowledge Production in a Security Bureaucracy; Governing the Boundaries of the Commonwealth; Functional Inconsistencies; The Economy of Detainability; Authors.

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Book SynopsisThe book "Public Buying" by M.K. Bhardwaj details government purchasing policies, legal aspects, and encourages small-scale industries' participation. It covers World Bank funded purchases, government procedures, and the role of technology in purchasing operations. The author is a prominent figure in materials management and procurement.

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Book SynopsisDevelopment thinkers debate transition from developing to developed countries. India focuses on holistic, sustainable growth. Vipin Sharma's book explores economic development themes like pro-poor growth.

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Book SynopsisGandhi's relevance today is crucial due to lack of moral leaders in politics and neglect of empowering the weakest in democracies. His non-violent, truth-based approach to democracy emphasizes equality and self-realization for individuals and communities.

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Book SynopsisAs per an estimate, a third of cases pending in Indian courts involve dispute over property. Some experts have the view that India should switch over from deed registration system to title registration system to solve the problem of ever increasing land disputes. The Department of Land Resources, Government of India, also subscribed to this view and listed ‘moving eventually towards guaranteed conclusive titles to immovable properties in the country’ as one of the objectives of the National Land Records Modernization Program (NLRMP) launched in 2008. In spite of this policy, not much headway was made by the states in this direction. Experience has shown that unless there is substantial research to support such a drastic change in the registration system practiced in India, states would not go for it.This book, authored by a senior Indian Administrative Service officer having extensive first-hand knowledge of land administration, fills the existing gap of research in the field of land registration and maintenance of title records in India. It contains: 1. A Comparative analysis of land registration system of Germany, UK, Australia, USA, France, and the Netherlands, the first three having title registration systems and the other three practicing deed registrations system. 2. Analysis of replicability of each of these systems in the Indian context. 3. Comparative analysis of laws regarding maintenance of land title records in four Indian states viz. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Punjab and West Bengal, covering each of the four regions of the country. 4. The author’s evidence-based recommendations on reforms required in the Indian land registration system. This book is a must-read for practitioners of law relating to land and property, and for policy makers looking at land-record reform as part of larger economic reforms. Law students aiming to understand the Indian land registration system, and how land registration is done around the world, will also benefit greatly from this work.

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Book SynopsisA journalist's book exposes India's bureaucratic flaws from a common man's perspective, focusing on corruption, red tape, and unprofessionalism in property registry offices, RTOs, and civic authorities.

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Book SynopsisThe way and the extent to which they, and myriad other characters, shaped the authorâs personality is shared in his selfeffacing, yet charming, writing.

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Book SynopsisThe gripping inside story of Gordon Brown's rise to become Prime Minister.Gordon Brown's arrival at the Treasury in May 1997 was greeted with great excitement not to mention anticipation. Officials of every rank looked on expectantly to see what miracles the chancellor would work. And so, as Master of the New Era, Brown created relationships across every Whitehall department and extended his influence to every aspect of government. He brought into effect the most important budgetary changes of the past decade: the commitment to Private Finance Initiative, which altered infrastructure from the London Underground to the NHS and state schools; the management of the Inland Revenue; the increase in taxes; and the demise of Britain's pension funds.In this gripping and fully updated biography, reissued to coincide with Brown's assumption of Tony Blair's mantle, best-selling author Tom Bower documents the rise to power of a driven and complex politician, and exposes how the ambitions of the LaTrade Review‘As a psychological profile, an exploration of personal ambition and a study of political obsession driven by religious angst, this biography is gripping.’ Daily Telegraph ‘Intensively researched but coolly critical…this remains the most thorough biography we have.’ Independent ‘What makes this worth reading is Bower’s damning indictment of Brown's main boast: his supposedly sure stewardship of the economy.’ The Times ‘A powerful book which poses serious questions.’ James Naughtie ‘Compulsively readable…essential reading.’ Norman Lamont

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Book SynopsisOrthodox international relations theory considers foreign affairs to be the exclusive purview of national governments. Yet as Rodrigo Tavares demonstrates, the vast majority of leading sub-states and cities are currently practicing foreign affairs, both bilaterally and multilaterally. Subnational governments in Asia, the Americas, Europe and Africa are changing traditional notions of sovereignty, diplomacy, and foreign policy as they carry out diplomatic endeavors and establish transnational networks around areas such as education, healthcare, climate change, waste management, or transportation. In fact, subnational activity and activism in the international arena is growing at a rate that far exceeds that carried out by the traditional representatives of sovereign states.Paradiplomacy is the definitive first practitioner''s guide to foreign policy at the subnational level. In this seminal work, Tavares draws from a unique pool of best practices and case studies from all over the worldTrade ReviewParadiplomacy sheds light upon one of the great challenges of our times. It is essential reading at a time when city diplomacy is an ever-growing global phenomenon, and when local powers are taking more and more the roles of central powers. By uncovering the tremendous potential of hundreds of external policies that we, Mayors, are pursuing together, the book shows how city diplomacy may bring a collective answer to the challenges we are facing. Rodrigo Tavares fully embraces the singularity of local powers and the universality of their engagement. By doing so, he highlights one of the most significant trends in our century. * Anne Hidalgo, Mayor of Paris, Chair of C40, Chair of International Association of Francophone Mayors (AIMF) *The increasing frequency and intensity of government-to-government international exchange make this well researched book overdue. Mayors are problem solvers who daily exercise wide-ranging executive authority. Their international exchanges may be driven by local economic imperatives, but as often result from frustration with federal inaction, inflexibility or inattention. Rodrigo Tavares' Paradiplomacy effectively places this growing trend in historical context and highlights our options moving ahead. * Annise Parker, Mayor of Houston (2010-2016) Steering Committee member, World Energy Cities Partnership (WECP) and C40 *Most of the world's population now live in cities; and Rodrigo Tavares shows that city and sub-national governments play a critical role in helping the world to deal with climate change, social equity and economic growth. * Linda J. Bilmes, Daniel Patrick Moynihan Senior Lecturer in Public Policy, John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University *This book gives paradiplomacy the place it deserves in the diplomacy literature! It is a suitable reference book for both practitioners such as diplomats and government officials, and academics interested in the changing nature of multilateralism. * Luk Van Langenhove, United Nations University *Rodrigo Tavares' book substantially enriches the literature on paradiplomacy. It provides tons of interesting and well-organized new material, and will need to be read by anybody working on the international relations of sub-state entities. * André Lecours, University of Ottawa *Through the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative, the IDB has witnessed the prominent role that Latin American cities play in the region's affairs and the importance of city-to-city international cooperation. Tavares' Paradiplomacy is mandatory reading to whoever wishes to understand why subnational international cooperation is key to solving the sustainability challenges of our increasingly urban future. * Ellis J. Juan, former General Coordinator of the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) and current Chief of the Housing and Urban Development Division (HUD) at the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Chapter One: Essentials of Paradiplomacy Chapter Two: Institutional Infrastructure of Paradiplomacy Chapter Three: External Policies by Subnational Governments Chapter Four: Case Studies: Subnational Governments in Action Chapter Five: Challenges Ahead Notes References Index

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Book SynopsisThe word ''legitimacy'' is seldom far from the lips of practitioners of international affairs. The legitimacy of recent events - such as the wars in Kosovo and Iraq, the post-September 11 war on terror, and instances of humanitarian intervention - have been endlessly debated by publics around the globe. And yet the academic discipline of IR has largely neglected this concept. This book encourages us to take legitimacy seriously, both as a facet of international behaviour with practical consequences, and as a theoretical concept necessary for understanding that behaviour. It offers a comprehensive historical and theoretical account of international legitimacy. It argues that the development of principles of legitimacy lie at the heart of what is meant by an international society, and in so doing fills a notable void in English school accounts of the subject. Part I provides a historical survey of the evolution of the practice of legitimacy from the ''age of discovery'' at the end of theTrade ReviewReview from previous edition Legitimacy in International Society is an immensely scholarly work, well researched and closely argued. * Times Higher Education Supplement, March 2006. *Ian Clark's book offers the most comprehensive analysis of legitimacy in international relations available today, in the process breathing new life into the concept of international society. Few international relations scholars today can demonstrate such range and relevance. * Perspectives on Politics *In this work, Clark achieves the objective of showing how legitimacy is intrinsically connected to international society. * Journal of Peace, May 2006 *This book constitutes a sound study of the role of legitimacy in the international realm. * Journal of Peace Research, Vol 43, May 2006 *Clark provides one of the most systematic and historically informed accounts of international legitimacy to appear in many years. * Foreign Affairs *Ian Clark's contribution is a theoretically sophisticated, historically rooted and timely work, that justly proclaims itself the most sustained treatment of the concept of legitimacy yet attempted in an International Relations context. * Cambridge Review of International Affairs *In short, this is a superb, provocative volume that has in one swoop placed legitimacy firmly on the agenda and significantly raised the intellectual bar on its study. It is essential and rewarding reading. * International Affairs *Ian Clark's Legitimacy in International Society is a timely contribution...Clark has provided us with a rich understanding of the role of this concept in IR, and in doing so has secured its place in the English Schools lexicon * Political Studies Review *Clark's book deserves a wide reading. He seamlessly incorporates history and theory into an insightful analysis of an important concept. * Politics and Ethics *Ian Clark's exceptionally interesting book should reinvigorate the debate about the nature of legitimacy in the rapidly evolving international context. This important book deserves a significant audience. * Millennium *Table of ContentsIntroduction ; 1. International Legitimacy ; PART I: HISTORICAL INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY ; 2. Europe and the Scope of International Society ; 3. Westphalia: The Origins of International Legitimacy? ; 4. Utrecht: Consensus, Balance of Power, and Legitimacy ; 5. Revolutionary and Legitimate Orders: Revolution, War, and the Vienna Settlement ; 6. Versailles: The Making of an Illegitimate Order? ; 7. Legitimacy and the Dual Settlement of 1945 ; PART II: CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY ; 8. Legitimacy after the Cold War ; 9. Legitimacy and Rightful Membership ; 10. Legitimacy and Consensus ; 11. Legitimacy and Norms ; 12. Legitimacy and Equilibrium ; Conclusion

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Book SynopsisLatin American experiments with pension reform began when Chile converted its public pay-as-you-go system to a system of private individual accounts in the early 1980s. Several other Latin American countries then followed suit, inspired both by Chile''s reforms and by World Bank recommendations stressing compulsory government-mandated individual saving accounts. Individual accounts were subsequently introduced in a number of countries in Europe and Asia. Many are now re-evaluating these privatisations in an effort to ''reform the reform'' to make these systems more efficient and equitable. This volume is the first to assess pension reforms in this new ''post-privatization'' era. After a discussion on demographic trends in the foreword by Nobel laureate Robert W. Fogel, Section 1 of the book includes chapters on the role of pension system default options, the impact of gender, and a discussion of the World Bank''s policies on pension reform. The chapter on the evidence from Chile''s newTable of ContentsForeword: Toward an Era of Longevity and Wealth ; 1. Overview: Lessons from Pension Reform in the Americas ; PART I: SYSTEM DESIGN AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS ; 2. The Chilean Pension Reform Turns 25: Lessons from the Social Protection Survey ; 3. The Importance of Default Options for Retirement Saving Outcomes: Evidence from the United States ; 4. The Gender Impact of Social Security Reform in Latin America ; 5. Understanding the Gendered Dimensions of Pension Reform ; 6. Reflections on Pension Reform in the Americas: From "Averting the Old-Age Crisis" to "Keeping the Promise of Old-Age Security" and Beyond ; 7. Bounded Rationality in Latin American Pension Reform ; PART II: COUNTRY STUDIES ; 8. Perspectives from the President's Commission on Social Security Reform ; 9. Reforms to Canadian Social Security, 1996/97 ; 10. A Decade of Government Mandated Privately Run Pensions in Mexico: What Have We Learned? ; 11. Pensions in Brazil: Reaching the Limits of Parametric Reform in Latin America ; 12. Costa Rica's Pension Reform: A Decade of Negotiated Incremental Change ; 13. The Peruvian Pension Reform: Ailing or Failing? ; 14. Uruguay: A Mixed Reform ; 15. The Pension System in Argentina ; 16. Epilogue: The Future of Retirement Systems in the Americas

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Book SynopsisIn this important new book, Christopher Pollitt, one of the leading researchers in public policy and management, argues that we are guilty of neglecting a fundamental dimension of both the practice and study of contemporary public management: that of time. Pollitt traces the character of, and the reasons for, this neglect in his wide-ranging study.Trade ReviewThis is an extremely well-crafted book, based on a clear and explicit framework and a convincing range of evidence. It deserves a wide readership, both among those academics who claim to have discovered innovations among re-hashed formulas and among practitioners busily engaged in the re-invention of approaches and techniques with a long, if hidden, history * Norman Flynn, SOAS, University of London *Table of ContentsPreface ; 1. The End of Time? ; 2. Timeships: Navigating the Past ; 3. History in Action: A Tale of Two Hospitals ; 4. Beyond History? ; 5. A Broader Perspective ; 6. A Toolkit for Time? ; 7. Wider Implications for Governments ; 8. After All ; Appendix A The Brighton-Leuven Project: Change and Continuity in Public Management

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Book SynopsisContract plays a vitally important role in the delivery of public services today. Both central and local government make extensive use of private firms to provide facilities, goods, and services. Government contracts vary considerably from the relatively straightforward competitive procurement of office supplies, to complex, long-term arrangements in which the contractor researches and develops a new piece of military equipment, or builds and provides a fully serviced hospital over a thirty-year period. English law''s traditional approach to government contracts has been to regard them as ordinary private law arrangements. As a result, they have understandably been neglected by public lawyers in both teaching and research. This book argues that, on closer inspection, constitutional and administrative law (in the form of statute, common law, and government guidance) have been playing an increasingly important role in the regulation of certain key aspects of government contracting. The bTable of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. Regulating Government Contracts ; 3. The Public Law Perspective ; 4. The Decision to Use Contract ; 5. Awarding the Contract ; 6. Dealing with Policy Changes ; 7. Contract Management ; 8. Government Contractors: Public or Private? ; 9. Social and Environmental Goals ; 10. Employment Matters ; 11. Conclusions and Future Prospects

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Book SynopsisGovernance has become one of the most commonly used concepts in contemporary political science. It is, however, often used to mean a variety of different things. This book helps to clarify this conceptual muddle by concentrating on one variety of governance-interactive governance. The authors argue that although the state may remain important for many aspects of governing, interactions between state and society represent an important, and perhaps increasingly important, dimension of governance. These interactions may be with social actors such as networks, with market actors or with other governments, but all these forms represent means of governing involving mixtures of state action with the actions of other entities.This book explores thoroughly this meaning of governance, and links it to broader questions of governance. In the process of explicating this dimension of governance the authors also explore some of the more fundamental questions about governance theory. For example, althTrade ReviewEvery so often a book comes along that catches and consolidates fundamental shifts in the practice or breakthroughs in the study of public administration. ... My hunch is that Interactive Governance could be such a book; it is at least my belief that it should be. ... Their work allows even-handed judgments and retains a key awareness of the complexities, trade-offs, and potential negative side-effects of what seems to be the new frontier in the way in which modern societies govern themselves. * Paul t Hart, Public Administration *Table of ContentsIntroduction ; 1. The Governance Debate and the Rise of Interactive Governance ; 2. Governance in other Disciplines: One Approach or Many? ; 3. Power and Politics In Interactive Governance ; 4. Measuring Governance ; 5. Horizontal, Vertical, and Diagonal Governance ; 6. Institutionalizing Interactive Governance ; 7. Metagovernance: The Art of Governing Interactive Governance ; 8. New Roles and Role Dilemmas in Interactive Governance ; 9. Assessing and Improving Effective Interactive Governance ; 10. Assessing And Improving The Democratic Quality of Interactive Governance ; 11. Transparency and Governance ; 12. Conclusions ; References

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Book SynopsisHave bureaucrats taken over the decision making role of politicians? This book offers a direct assessment of the role of bureaucrats in policy making by analysing how they shape policy in making decrees - laws that generally do not pass through full legislative scrutiny. These are often described as secondary legislation and are known by a variety of names (including décrets, arrêtés, administrative regulations, Verordnungen, statutory instruments). Such decrees offer an important vantage point for understanding bureaucratic power not only because they account for a large proportion of policy making activity within the executive, but also because they are made largely away from the glare of publicity. If bureaucrats have strong policy making powers and use them in a way that minimises political involvement in policy making, we would expect to find these powers especially evident in this everyday decision making. The book is based on research examining 52 decrees produced between 2005 aTrade ReviewPolicy Without Politicians provides intriguing insights into the everyday process of rule-making. These insights are highly relevant for those interested in policy production, as well as the relationship between politics and bureaucracy. * Ellen Mastenbroek, Public Administration *Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgements ; 1. Silence, Conflict, and Bureaucratic Power ; 2. France: A Cross-Pressured Bureaucracy ; Annex: Decrees Included in Chapter 2 ; 3. Britain: Bureaucrats and Imaginary Ministers ; Annex: Decrees Included in Chapter 3 ; 4. Germany: Administration and Politics Revisited ; Annex: Decrees Included in Chapter 4 ; 5. Sweden: Political Direction and Decree Making ; Annex: Decrees Included in Chapter 5 ; 6. Political Leadership in US Bureaucracy ; Annex: Decrees Included in Chapter 6 ; 7. Regulated Bureaucratic Politics in the European Union ; Annex: Decrees Included in Chapter 7 ; 8. Bureaucrats, Politicians, Choice, and Motivation ; References

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Book SynopsisThe Oxford Handbook of Health Economics provides an accessible and authoritative guide to health economics, intended for scholars and students in the field, as well as those in adjacent disciplines including health policy and clinical medicine. The chapters stress the direct impact of health economics reasoning on policy and practice, offering readers an introduction to the potential reach of the discipline. Contributions come from internationally-recognized leaders in health economics and reflect the worldwide reach of the discipline. Authoritative, but non-technical, the chapters place great emphasis on the connections between theory and policy-making, and develop the contributions of health economics to problems arising in a variety of institutional contexts, from primary care to the operations of health insurers. The volume addresses policy concerns relevant to health systems in both developed and developing countries. It takes a broad perspective, with relevance to systems with siTrade ReviewComprehensively covers the multiple aspects of health and medical care . . . this important handbook is a must read for the expanding masters in global health programmes. * Devi Sridhar, The Lancet *This is a first-rate handbook - comprehensive and balanced - it is an excellent introduction to multiple aspects of health and medical care. * Victor R. Fuchs, Henry J. Kaiser Jr. Professor Emeritus, Stanford University (Departments of Economics and Health Research and Policy) *A comprehensive guide to the ever-growing field of health economics: indispensable, not only for the academic researcher but also for the policy-maker. * Julian Le Grand, Richard Titmuss Professor of Social Policy, London School of Economics *A "must have" for anyone who cares about this subject. The authors cross the full spectrum in terms of specialties, geography, and political orientation. * Gail Wilensky, Senior Fellow, Project HOPE *Table of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. Health Systems in Industrialized Countries ; 3. Health Systems in Low- and Middle-Income Countries ; 4. The Political Economy of Health Care ; 5. The Promise of Health: Evidence of the Impact of Health on Income and Well-Being ; 6. Health Production ; 7. Socioeconomic Status and Health: Dimensions and Mechanisms ; 8. Determinants of Health in Childhood ; 9. Economics of Infectious Diseases ; 10. Economics of Health Behaviours and Addictions: Contemporary Issues and Policy Implications ; 11. Economic and Mental Health: An International Perspective ; 12. Public Sector Health Care Financing ; 13. Voluntary Private Health Insurance ; 14. Health Care Cost Growth ; 15. User Charges ; 16. Insurance and the Demand for Medical Care ; 17. Guaranteed Access to Affordable Coverage in Individual Health Insurance Markets ; 18. Managed Care ; 19. Hospitals: Teaming Up ; 20. Primary Care ; 21. The Global Health Workforce ; 22. The Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry ; 23. Disease Prevention, Health Care and Economics ; 24. Long-Term Care ; 25. Physician Agency and Payment for Primary Medical Care ; 26. Provider Payment and Incentives ; 27. Non-Price Rationing and Waiting Times ; 28. Increasing Competition between Providers in Health Care Markets: The Economic Evidence ; 29. Measuring Organizational Performance ; 30. Health System Productivity ; 31. The Methods of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis to Inform Decisions about the Use of Health Care Interventions and Programmes ; 32. Analysing Uncertainty in Cost-effectiveness for Decision Making ; 33. Health Utility Measurement ; 34. Concepts of Equity and Fairness in Health and Health Care ; 35. Measuring Inequality and Inequity in Health and Health Care ; 36. Intergenerational Aspects of Health Care ; 37. Econometric Evaluation of Health Policies ; 38. Health Economics and Policy: The Challenges of Proselytising

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Book SynopsisThe book examines the history and development of public administration, the study of the internal structure and functioning of government and its interaction with society and its citizens. It surveys different approaches to the field and the methodological and epistemological issues surrounding an interdisciplinary, applied social science.Trade ReviewThere is a strong tradition in public administration that reflects on the identity of the field, questions the rigor of the research, and suggests paths moving forward on both fronts. [This book] distinctively contributes to that reflective tradition, developing a thoughtful survey of past debates while adding new and thoughtfully developed insights. The author successfully invites a wide range of participation in the book through an inviting style of writing. [The book] delivers on the promise in the title of mapping the way for interdisciplinary study to expand the understanding of public administration. Raadschelders offers insights for researchers, teachers, and practitioners, as well as mapping a path to generate new discussions, to connect the research across disciplines and traditions, and a deep appreciation of the complexity and challenges in the study and practice of public administration. * American Review of Public Administration *What is Public Administration?' sparked intense arguments within the field since the famed Waldo-Simon Debates sixty years ago. Professor Raadschelders' landmark treatise does a great service by addressing this fundamental intellectual conundrum in depth. He read everything related to its vast literature, synthesized its significance, and points the way forward with an astonishingly creative 'answer.' His magisterial tome is a 'must read' for serious administrative scholars everywhere. * Richard Stillman, Professor of Public Administration, University of Colorado, and Editor in Chief, Public Administration Review *Raadschelders' book is necessary reading for guidance, control, and evaluation of our interdisciplinary field of public administration. This is ambitious since he looks at the past and our intellectual future. It is a courageous book since it does not only emphasize problems such as identity crises, disciplinary tensions, and knowledge fragmentation, but it also discusses 'solutions.' It is a generous book since it supports pluralism. Above all, it is an inspiring and useful book to (re)define our academic strategies and our position vis-à-vis practitioners. * Geert Bouckaert, Public Management Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium *Professor Raadschelders' earlier works have provided readers with historical and comparative knowledge of the study and practice of public administration and government. This new work explores the epistemological and ontological foundations of public administration and advances an 'interdisciplinary study of government' as a way for public administration to overcome its disciplinary 'identity crisis.' I enthusiastically recommend this book especially for its historical, global, and philosophical qualities. * Yong-duck Jung, Professor of Public Administration, Seoul National University *In this excellent and provacative book, Jos C. N. Raadschelders strives to explain what the academic study of public administration is. Raadschelders's analysis is sophisticated and complex. He avoids such simplifications as viewing the study as merely divided along lines established long ago by Herbert Simon and Dwight Waldo. He draws on American and European public administration and, in the process, demonstrates encyclopedic knowledge of the literature and study of the field. [The book] provides a major service to public administration scholars, researchers, and educators. It should be eagerly read by everyone who wants to know more about what pubic administration is and how its study may be advanced. * Public Administration Review *Table of Contents1. Framing the Nature of the Study of Public Administration: Origins, Identity Crises, Maturity, and Conceptual Mapping ; 2. Science or Wissenschaft: Public Administration among the Three Branches of Knowledge ; 3. Public Administration and the Fragmentation of its Knowledge Sources: Academic Specialties and Disciplines, Organizational Units, and Societal Organizations ; 4. Substantive Topics and Comprehensive Conceptual Maps of Public Administration ; 5. Bogey Man, Doctor's Bag, Artist's Medium: The Dynamic Arena of PA-theory ; 6. Four Intellectual Traditions in the Study of Public Administration ; 7. Public Administration's Canon(s) of Integration ; 8. The Nature of and Intellectual challenges to the Study of Public Administration

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Book SynopsisOver the last twenty or so years, it has become standard to require policy makers to base their recommendations on evidence. That is now uncontroversial to the point of triviality--of course, policy should be based on the facts. But are the methods that policy makers rely on to gather and analyze evidence the right ones? In Evidence-Based Policy, Nancy Cartwright, an eminent scholar, and Jeremy Hardie, who has had a long and successful career in both business and the economy, explain that the dominant methods which are in use now--broadly speaking, methods that imitate standard practices in medicine like randomized control trials--do not work. They fail, Cartwright and Hardie contend, because they do not enhance our ability to predict if policies will be effective.The prevailing methods fall short not just because social science, which operates within the domain of real-world politics and deals with people, differs so much from the natural science milieu of the lab. Rather, there are principled reasons why the advice for crafting and implementing policy now on offer will lead to bad results. Current guides in use tend to rank scientific methods according to the degree of trustworthiness of the evidence they produce. That is valuable in certain respects, but such approaches offer little advice about how to think about putting such evidence to use. Evidence-Based Policy focuses on showing policymakers how to effectively use evidence. It also explains what types of information are most necessary for making reliable policy, and offers lessons on how to organize that information.Trade ReviewCartwright and Hardie make a well-meaning and serious attempt to speak to a nonacademic audience, share their expertise, and help solve real and practical policy problems * Health Affairs *Refreshing and insightful, this book should be read by all those who inhabit the boundaries between policy, evidence and uncertainty. * James Wilsdon, Times Higher Education *Cartwright and Hardie have produced an admirably clear and immensely practical guide on the use of evidence in policy making. * Ray Pawson, Journal of Social Policy *Using evidence to inform public policy seems like the natural, smart, and effective thing to do. But acting on this intuition can be fraught with complexity and can lead to decisions that are neither smart nor effective. Evidence-Based Policy is the primer we have been waiting for, and with its marvelous blend of theory and examples provides compelling evidence that improved decision making is possible. * Michael Feuer, Dean of the Graduate School of Education and Human Development at The George Washington University, and author of Moderating the Debate: Rationality and the Promise of American Education *Evidence-based policy is an enormously serious step in the long, steady improvement of bringing scientific knowledge to bear on public policy. But EBP is not as simple as it is often presented. This is a guide-unprecedented in its rigor and accessibility-to why it is easy to get EBP wrong and why it matters to get it right. * Kenneth Prewitt, Former Director of the U.S. Census Bureau, and Chair of the National Research Council Committee on The Use of Social Science Knowledge in Public Policy *This books sparkles with intelligence. It develops a subtle argument lucidly and accessibly about the role of evidence in policy. It is a powerful antidote to the simplistic idea that policy simply needs to listen to the 'facts' about' what works.' It explains what is really involved in injecting evidence effectively into the formation of social policy. Essential reading for anyone who aspires to rational policy-making. * Mike Hough, Professor of Criminal Policy, Birkbeck, University of London *Chock full of accessible examples, this book explains clearly and cogently what's involved in making intelligent use of evidence in developing social policy. It should be essential reading for all wanting to contribute to effective evidence-based policy. * Nick Tilley, author of Crime Prevention and co-author of Realistic Evaluation *This well-written book reflects many of the central ideas that underlie my Reports on Child Protection in England. It combines rigorous theory with a valuable profusion of tips and case studies to give practical advice on how to think about what evidence you really need. * Eileen Munro, author of the U.K. Government commissioned 2011 independent review of child protection in England *the reader will discover an exacting and mathematically precise critique of the explanatory credentials of randomised controlled trials combined with a mass of worldly wise illustrations of the evidence actually needed to support practical policy decisions. * Ray Pawson, Journal of Social Policy *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ; Preface: Do You Want to Read this Book? Putting our Conclusions First ; Part I: Getting Started: From 'It Worked There' to 'It Will Work Here'. ; Chapter I.A: What's in This Book and Why ; Chapter I.B: The Theory that Backs up What We Say ; Part II: Paving the Road from 'There' to 'Here' ; Chapter II.A: Support Factors: Causal Cakes and their Ingredients ; Chapter II.B: Causal Roles: Shared and Unshared ; Part III: Strategies for Finding What You Need to Know ; Chapter III.A: Where We are and Where We are Going ; Chapter III.B: Four Strategies ; Part IV: RCTs, Evidence-Ranking Schemes, and Fidelity ; Chapter IV.A: Where We are and Where We are Going ; Chapter IV.B: What are RCTs Good For? ; Chapter IV.C: Evidence-Ranking Schemes, Advice Guides, and Choosing Effective Policies ; Chapter IV.D: Fidelity ; Part V: Deliberation is not Second Best ; Chapter V.A: Where We are and Where We are Going ; Chapter V.B: Centralization and Discretion ; Part VI: Conclusion ; Appendix I: Representing Causal Processes ; Appendix II: The Munro Review ; Appendix III: CCTV and Car Theft ; Notes ; References ; Index

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