Pollution control Books

Book SynopsisPollution damages materials, but it has changed dramatically in the past century, with a reduction in the concentration of corrosive primary pollutants in urban atmospheres. At the same time, architectural styles and types of materials have changed, as we have moved to more organically rich, photochemically active atmospheres. Contemporary pollutants have a greater potential to degrade organic coatings and polymers, which are of great importance to modern structures.Urban Pollution and Changes to Materials and Building Surfaces examines a range of materials, discussing the ways in which they are likely to be damaged by contemporary urban pollutants, with an emphasis on the effects of air pollution. A chapter on graffiti is also included.The wide scope covered means that this volume is suitable for readers from a broad background. It should be of interest to scientists and policymakers dealing with the effects of urban pollution, as well as undergraduate and graduate students working in this area.This book, with its wealth of information, is of exceedingly good value for readers who seek to understand more on the changes of materials and building surfaces by urban pollution.

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Book SynopsisGreenhouse gas removal (GGR) technologies can remove greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Most of the current GGR technologies focus on carbon dioxide removal, these include afforestation and reforestation, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, direct air capture, enhanced weathering, soil carbon sequestration and biochar, ocean fertilisation and coastal blue carbon. GGR technologies will be essential in limiting global warning to temperatures below 1.5°C (targets by the IPCC and COP21) and will be required to achieve deep reductions in atmospheric CO2 concentration. In the context of recent legally binding legislation requiring the transition to a net zero emissions economy by 2050, GGR technologies are broadly recognised as being indispensable. This book provides the most up-to-date information on GGR technologies that provide removal of atmosphere CO2, giving insight into their role and value in achieving climate change mitigation targets. Chapters discuss the issues associated with commercial development and deployment of GGRs, providing potential approaches to overcome these hurdles through a combination of political, economic and R&D strategies. With contributions from leaders in the field, this title is an indispensable resource for graduate students and researchers in academia and industry, working in chemical engineering, mechanical engineering and energy policy.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Greenhouse Gas Removal: Overview and Current Status of Deployment; Negative Emissions: The Role and Response of the Climate System; Accounting Negative Emissions. How Difficult Could It Be?; Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS); Direct Air Capture; Geochemical Negative Emission Technologies; Soil Carbon Sequestration and Biochar; Afforestation/Reforestation (AR); Feasibility of Using Biologically-based Processes in the Open Ocean and Coastal Seas for Atmospheric CO2 Removal; Comparison of Technologies and Practices for Removing Carbon Dioxide from the Atmosphere; Global Distribution of Negative Emissions; Political and Socio-economic Challenges of Greenhouse Gas Removal Technologies; Priorities for Policy Design; Socially Equitable Energy Transitions: Analytical Challenges and Policy Implications

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Book SynopsisIt is widely recognised that global warming is occurring due to increasing levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Methods of capturing and then storing CO2 from major sources such as fossil-fuel-burning power plants are being developed to reduce the levels emitted to the atmosphere by human activities. The book reports on progress in this field and provides a context within the range of natural absorption processes in the oceans and forests and in soil. Comparisons with alternative energy sources such as solar and nuclear are made and policy issues are also reviewed. This topical book is multi-authored by experts ensuring expertise across the full range of this highly technical but mainstream subject. It is cutting edge science and technology presented in a highly readable form along with an extensive bibliography.Table of Contents1. Comparative impacts of fossil fuels and alternative energy sources; 2. Fossil power generation with CCS: policy development for technology deployment; 3. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) in Australia; 4. Underground coal gasification with CCS; 5. Towards zero emission production: potential of carbon capture in an energy intensive industry; 6. Geological storage of CO2; 7. Carbon sequestration in soils; 8. Carbon capture and storage in forests; 9. Carbon uptake, transport and storage by oceans and the consequences of change; 10. Methane biogeochemistry in the Arctic Ocean: hydrates and permafrost

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a systematic exposition of the design features of constructed wetlands, and their management (in terms of siting, physical maintenance, and operation). Only very few books (or chapters) have been published on constructed wetlands in tropical conditions and none are current. The selection of plant species, managing their growth and harvesting cycles, and the impact these have on the attenuation of organic and inorganic pollutants, nutrients, and pathogens would be of interest to students and practitioners of the art working under tropical conditions. The potential of constructed wetlands as a low-cost intervention for developing countries in tropical regions that faced water pollution problems, in particular, deserves to be explored systematically.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Constructed Wetlands; Advantages of Wetlands under Tropical Conditions; Wetlands in the Developing Country Environment; Wetlands Treatment - Pollutant Removal, Nutrient Dynamics, Water Quality Enhancement and Design of Constructed Wetlands; Wetland Plant Species Selection; Operational and Maintenance Problems in Wetlands, Field Experience; Cost and Sustainability of Constructed Wetlands in the Tropics.

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Book SynopsisEmission of pollutants and their accumulation due to poor ventilation and air exchange are serious problems currently under investigation by many researchers. Of particular concern are issues involving air quality within buildings. Toxic fumes and airborne diseases are known to produce undesirable odors, eye and nose irritations, sickness, and occasionally death. Other products such as tobacco smoke and carbon monoxide can also have serious health effects on people exposed to a poorly ventilated environment; studies indicate that indirect or passive smoking can also lead to lung cancer.Design for prevention or remediation of indoor air pollution requires expertise in optimizing geometrical configurations; knowledge of HVAC systems, perceived or expected contaminants and source locations; and economics. Much of the design concept involves ways in which to optimize the benefits or balance the advantages and disadvantages of various configurations and equipment. The fact that a room or building will conceivably become contaminated is generally an accepted fact — to what extent indoor air pollution will become critical is not really known until it happens.A series of numerical models that run in MATLAB are described in the text and placed on the Web. These models include the finite difference method, finite volume method, finite element method, the boundary element method, particle-in-cell, meshless methods, and lagrangian particle transport. In addition, all example problems can be run using COMSOL, a commercial finite-element-based computer code with a great deal of flexibility and application. By accessing AutoCad ICES or DWG file structures, COMSOL permits a building floor plan to be captured and the interior walls discretized into elements.Table of ContentsFluid Flow Fundamentals; Contaminant Sources; Assessment Criteria; Simple Modeling Techniques; Dynamics of Particles, Gases and Vapors; Numerical Modeling - Conventional Techniques; Numerical Modeling - Advanced Techniques; Turbulence Modeling; Homeland Security Issues.

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Book SynopsisThis text addresses the common negative perception of polymer materials on the environment with a thorough analysis of what really occurs when industry and academia collaborate to find environmental solutions. The book examines the environmental and social effects of polymer materials and explains methods of quantifying environmental performance. With an emphasis on the importance of education, the authors stress the importance of awareness and activity in negating polymers' environmental impact.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Introduction xv Chapter 1 Some Notes on Two Controversies Around Plastic Materials and Their Media Coverage 1 Laura Maxim Chapter 2 Plastic Waste and the Environment 13 Claude Duval Chapter 3 Polymers and Marine Litter 27 François Galgani Chapter 4 Between Prejudice and Realities: How Plastics are Essential for the Future 49 Michael Loubry Chapter 5 Lifecycle Assessment and Green Chemistry: A Look at Innovative Tools for Sustainable Development 65 Sylvain Caillol Chapter 6 Are Bioplastics "Green" Plastics? 91 Olivier Talon Chapter 7 Environmental Characterization of Materials for Product Design 109 Stéphane Le Pochat and Arnaud Roquesalane Chapter 8 Choice of Materails and Environmental Impact: Case of a Water Bottle Rémi Deterre Chapter 9 Formulation and Development of Biodegradable and Bio-Based Multiphase Materials: Plasticized Starch-Based Materials 155 Luc Avérous Chapter 10 Different Strategies for Ecoplastics Development 201 Jean-François Feller Chapter 11 Thoughts about Plastic Recycling Presentation of a Concrete Example: End-of-Life Polypropylene 245 Frédéric Viot Chapter 12 Recyclable and Bio-Based Materials Open Up New Prospects for Polymers: Scientific and Social Aspects 257 Valérie Massardier Chapter 13 Food Packaging: New Directions for the Control of Additive and Residue Migration 273 Olivier Vitrac and Audrey Goujon Chapter 14 Biodegradability and/or Compostability? 309 Guy César Chapter 15 The Regulation by Law of Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies 341 Eric Juet Chapter 16 Teaching Sustainable Development 357 Serge Walter List of Authors 363 Index 365

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Book SynopsisAlthough it is widely recognized that environmental factors such as smoking, diet, exercise, and socioeconomic status affect the risk of cardiovascular disease, recent work showing the effects of other environmental factors provides a more complete assessment of the situation. This view has emerged from three developments. Firstly, there has been a sudden explosion in the prevalence of diabetes and obesity which indicates a strong environmental component. Secondly, there is an accumulation of evidence suggesting that most cases of these diseases could be prevented by healthy lifestyle choices. Finally, studies have shown that exposure to environmental pollutants has a significant effect on heart disease risk. This book is the first to provide a comprehensive account of the effects of pollutants on heart disease and to integrate this area of research within the overall theme of environmental cardiology. The introductory chapter outlines the effects of different aspects of the environment on heart disease and provides a context for the discussion that follows. Subsequent chapters give an overview of the effects of particulate matter and discuss the epidemiological studies supporting the link. The book then goes on to cover the effects of pollution on different aspects of cardiovascular disease (hypertension, stroke, heart failure, ischemic heart disease and atherogenesis). Because of a close association between diabetes and heart disease, a discussion of the effects of particulate matter on diabetes is also included. Later chapters discuss the effects of individual pollutants such as vehicular emissions, metals and aldehydes. A review on manufactured nanoparticles is incorporated because these particles represent an important new threat to cardiovascular health. The understanding that emerges from this monograph suggests that we must be more alert to the effects of the environment and develop strategies that target, not only the diseased individual, but also the unhealthy, disease-causing environment. It is essential reading for cardiologists, epidemiologists, urban planners and pollution control specialists.Trade ReviewThe monograph thus is a fabulous and deliberately focusedcompilation of some of the most important environmental concerns,with an emphasis on air pollution.This monograph should serve as an essentialaddition to anyone with any interest in environmental risk factorsand their impact on cardiovascular health. * Journal of the American Heart Association *Table of ContentsIntroduction POLLUTANTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Particle toxicity Ambient particulate matter: characteristics Ultrafine particles Diesel and automobile exhaust Aldehydes and related carbonyls Arsenic toxicity Metals and cardiovascular disease Manufactured nanoparticles CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES PM and cardiovascular mortility Cardiovascular disease risk due to pollutant exposure PM and Atherosclerosis (Epidemiology) Hypertension and vascular toxicity of PM Ultrafine air pollution and atherogenesis Pollutants and heart failure Arrthymias, sudden cardiac death and pollutant exposure PM and Ischemic heart disease Ambient air pollution and stroke Air pollution and diabetes

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Book SynopsisHaving clean air to breathe is an often overlooked necessity, yet humans pollute the air through growing demand for energy and consumables. This book presents and overview of air quality, emission sources, criteria pollutants, greenhouse gases, control programs, and the impact of pollution on the atmosphere and global systems. Expertise in many fields is needed to protect air quality–politics, environmental engineering, law, planning, meteorology, health sciences, data management, and more. The book will guide readers through strategies and measures to prevent air pollution and better understand challenges that emission sources pose to society and ecosystems.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses the various types of treatment and transport of emerging contaminants, to provide a concise and useful overview for the graduate or professional students. Subjects approached include types of emerging contaminants, potential treatment avenues including natural and engineered projects, and recent avenues of research. This text will provide a repository of general information for consultation and reference of the reader.

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Book SynopsisLand is fundamental to the human life. The upper layer of land is a non-renewable resource, and source of food. Therefore, land health is essential to long-term food security and to promote sustainable livelihoods. On account of urbanization, industrialization and population growth, land pollution is one of the major issues worldwide. As a result, land pollution is continuing across the world, and has been linked with a wide range of potentially toxic contaminants at rates that deteriorate land quality. Land pollution can result either anthropogenic activities or natural activities. The major contaminants of land pollution are metalloids, petroleum hydrocarbon, radioactive elements, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Pesticide, other organic pollutants, etc. that comes from different types of sources. In urban and peri-urban areas, irrigation of agricultural land with polluted water is also a reason of land pollution. Therefore, land security is an important issue for future sustainability. Its remediation and management are important issue worldwide to protect land quality and functions. Land pollution means degradation of earth's surface. Polluted land comes under the category of degraded land. Hence, the remediation of polluted land is essential for regaining biodiversity and ecosystems services and thereby achieving United Nations-Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs).This fact showed the need to develop research into land remediation. Bio-inspired land remediation has undergone a huge development. Therefore, Biomanagement has a lot of potential to secure upper earth’s surface through the land remediation programs targeted during the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030). This book explores the remediation of land pollution that includes Phytoremediation, Bioremediation (bacterial remediation and fungal remediation), Vermiremediation, Biochar-based remediation and other Bio-inspired remediation. This book will be a remarkable asset for research scholars, environmentalists, ecological scientist, agriculturist, practitioners, policy makers, entrepreneurs, and other stakeholders alike.Table of ContentsSection I: Plants and Land remediationChapter 1-Naturally growing plants based land remediationChapter 2- Land remediation by introduced plantsChapter 3-Edible crops and land remediationChapter 4-Non-edible crops and land remediationChapter 5-Non-edible valuable crops-based land remediation Section II: Microbes and Land RemediationChapter 6-Cutting-edge tools to access microbial diversity and their function in land remediationChapter 7-Endophytic microbes and their role in land remediationChapter 8-Fungal based land remediationChapter 9-Microbial detoxification of polluted landChapter 10-Role of Cynobacteria in land remediation Section III: VermiremediationChapter 11-Vermiremediation of metal(loid)s contaminated sitesChapter 12- Vermiremediation of sewage sludgeChapter 13- Vermiremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsChapter 14- Vermiremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon( Kuwaiti oil ) contaminated soilChapter 15- Vermiremediation of dyeing sludge from textile mill Section IV: Biochar and land remediationChapter 16-Biochar based remediation of heavy metal polluted landChapter 17-Biochar and carbon sequestrationChapter 18-Remediation of organic pollutants with BiocharChapter 19-Biochar for improvement of soil propertiesChapter 20- Impact of biochar on plant growth and yield

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Book SynopsisIn the aftermath of the “Deepwater Horizon” oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the need arose for experimental data on oil and gas hydrodynamics and particle formation under deep-sea conditions. This work presents a new High-Pressure Test Center that allows for experimental oil spill research under artificial deep-sea conditions. It also contains experimental data on drop formation processes and oil drop size distributions generated within this test center and a modeling approach based on the turbulent energy dissipation that has been developed to predict the droplet sizes of an oil-and-gas jet under high pressure.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- State of Knowledge.- Development of the High‐Pressure Test Center.- Experimental Determination of Oil Droplet Sizes in an Artificial Subsea Blowout.- Summary and Outlook.- References.

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Book SynopsisMercury is a naturally occurring element that is toxic in nature. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, the safe limit of mercury ion in drinking water is 10 nM to avoid the serious health problems to humans. Mercury is a pollutant of global concern. Both anthropogenic activities and natural processes cause its release into different spheres of the environment resulting in severe adverse impacts. Increased anthropogenic discharge of mercury leads to disturbance in its natural biogeochemical cycle which results in to unenviable diseases and hazardous health effects.This book will provide state-of-the-art information to the graduate students training in toxicology, risk assessors, researchers and medical providers at large. Many monographs, book chapters, contemporary reviews, and peer reviewed articles about mercury health impact are also available worldwide. However, there is no complete understanding available on toxicological studies of mercury, which covers the broader spectrum of findings that range from sources of exposure to mercury toxicity as well as its remediation strategies. It is aimed to bring the readers updated information about the sources of mercury contamination, and its impact on human health and on prospective mitigation strategies through multi-disciplinary approaches. The book contains three sections. First section describes the different sources and distribution of mercury in the environment. Second section explains the health risks linked to mercury poisoning. Third section addresses sustainable mercury toxicity mitigation strategies through multi-disciplinary approaches. The key topic of this book will cover following: •Source and distribution of mercury in the environment•Effects and responses of mercury toxicity in plants• Health risk linked to mercury poisoning• Sustainable mercury toxicity mitigation strategiesThis book is a valuable resource to students, academics, researchers, and environmental professionals doing field work on mercury contamination throughout the world.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction to "Salinity Resilience and Sustainable Crop Production under Climate Change.- Chapter 2. Salinity and its Impact on Sustainable Crop Production.- Chapter 3. Salinity and its Impact on Sustainable Crop Production.- Chapter 4. Fundamentals of Crop Resilience to Salinity, Plant Traits and Selection Criteria.- Chapter 5. Genetic Variability and Genetic Resources for Salinity Resilience.- Chapter 6. Genetic Analysis of Salinity Tolerance and Relevant Traits in Field Crops.- Chapter 7. Breeding Efforts and Biotechnology.- Chapter 9. Mitigation Options towards Sustainability via Agricultural Practices.- Chapter 10. Techniques and Measurements of Assessing Genotypes Update, General Conclusions and Recommendations of “ Salinity Resilience and Sustainable Crop Production under Climate Change" for Salinity tolerance.

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Book SynopsisStable isotope techniques can help identify the sources of water pollution associated with agricultural activities. Knowing the origin of nutrients or contaminants is essential to improve agricultural practices. To ensure the quality of stable isotope analysis, appropriate sampling and sample preparation are crucial. This publication presents methods for surface water sampling and sample processing through micro-diffusion and bacterial denitrification combined with laser spectroscopy. Information on such methods is often described in a very summarized and non-comprehensive way without proper illustration of every step. This publication aims to bridge this gap for scientists, technicians and students. It presents a selection of standard operating procedures providing guidance in water sampling and sample preparation that are mandatory when conducting reliable isotope analysis on water.

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Book SynopsisThe United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) established by the General Assembly in 1955 assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionizing radiation on human health and the environment. This is the third of four volumes of scientific annexes provide the supporting scientific deliberations for the UNSCEAR 2020/2021 report to the General Assembly. Annex C 'Biological mechanisms relevant for the inference of cancer risks from low dose and low-dose rate radiation' synthesizes the current knowledge on biological mechanisms of radiation actions at low doses and low-dose-rates, and assesses the implications for understanding the processes of cancer development after exposure to ionizing radiation, and for dose-response relationships of radiation-induced cancers

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