Pollution control Books

Book SynopsisMany informal organisations around the world are making a positive impact on the environment and their communities by turning waste into a resource, increasing the social capacity of their community and reducing the amount of pollution in their environment. Ending Plastic Waste: Community Actions Around the World presents a collection of stories, advice and information from experts in the fields of waste management, plastic pollution and environmental finance to give a broad outlook on how 19 programs from 14 different countries are protecting our planet. By sharing these journeys, the authors hope to encourage others to take a community approach to ending plastic waste. Perfect for decision-makers working in environmental and marine fields, industry stakeholders, and citizen scientist groups, this book provides guidance on how to successfully implement a new program, what resources are needed and the lessons learned by the people behind these programs in overcoming barriers.Table of Contents1: Introduction. Britta Denise Hardesty, CSIRO, Australia, and Justine Barrett, CSIRO, Australia. 2: Plastic waste inputs and leakage: scale, drivers and solutions. Dr Winnie Lau, The Pew Charitable Trusts, USA. 3: Waste pickers: keeping after-use plastics circular, but at high personal cost. Costas Velis, University of Leeds, UK. 4: Community programs to reduce plastic waste. 5: A step-by-step guide to knowing your waste. James Baker, The Asian Development Bank, Philippines. 6: Finding seed funding for your project: the blue finance world. Azra Yaqub Vawda, independent consultant, Pakistan. 7: Designing a scalable program. Trish Hyde and Murray Hyde, founders of The Plastics Circle, Australia. 8: Closing thoughts. Chris Wilcox, Minderoo.

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Book SynopsisOur world is suffocating in plastic! Every moment we are breathing it in and it is entering the bodies of all living creatures! We can't go on wrapping and bottling everything in toxic plastic, and must find natural and sustainable alternatives for all petrochemical plastic that is destroying our beloved Earth. I grew up when there was very little plastic and I want to show in Yes, there are Alternatives to Plastic that it is possible to live a plastic-less/eventually plastic-free life. We did it before and we can do it again. Dip into the handy A - Z of Swaps whenever you need a plastic-free tip or plastic-free cleaning advice.

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Book Synopsis''With a dazzling command of science and a relentless faith in people, George Monbiot writes about social change with his eyes wide open'' Naomi Klein''A manifesto for change ... The combination of practical detail and creative thinking is immensely impressive'' P. D. Smith, GuardianWe know that climate change is happening. We know that it could, if the worst predictions come true, destroy the conditions which make human life possible. Only one question is now worth asking: can it be stopped? In Heat, George Monbiot shows that it can.In every case, he supports his proposals with a rigorous investigation into what works, what doesn''t, how much it costs and what the problems might be. He wages war on bad ideas as energetically as he promotes good ones. He is not afraid to attack anyone - friend or foe - whose claims are false or whose figures have been fudged. Heat also contains a breath-taking new exposure of the corporationTrade ReviewA dazzling command of science and a relentless faith in people ... I never miss reading him. -- Naomi KleinAn impressive piece of investigative journalism -- Rosie Boycott * Mail on Sunday *A book anyone who thinks they know what should be done about global warming must read -- John Gray * New Statesman *At last the global movement has found a vision. * Independent on Sunday *Monbiot's book has an infectious and practical 21st century spirit * Sunday Herald *The combination of practical detail and creative thinking is immensely impressive. * Guardian *One of the best-informed people about climate change ... comprehensive and compelling * The Scotsman *Turns number crunching into inspiration for social change. * Metro *

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Book Synopsis**SHORTLISTED FOR THE ROYAL SOCIETY INSIGHT INVESTMENT SCIENCE BOOK PRIZE 2019**''Read this book and join the effort to terminate air pollution.'' - Arnold SchwarzeneggerAir pollution has become the world's greatest environmental health risk, and science is only beginning to reveal its wide-ranging effects. Globally, 19,000 people die each day from air pollution, killing more than HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and car accidents combined.What happened to the air we breathe?Sustainability journalist Tim Smedley has travelled the world to try and find the answer, visiting cities at the forefront of the fight against air pollution, including Delhi, Beijing, London and Paris. With insights from the scientists and politicians leading the battle against it, and people whose lives have been affected by it, Clearing the Air tells the full story of air pollution for the first time: what it is, which pollutants are harmful, where they come from and most importantly Trade ReviewAir pollution is a serious problem that we all have the power to solve. Tim Smedley's book, Clearing the Air, shows how the fightback against air pollution works. Tim's book is action-packed and his global journey of discovery uncovers the real heroes who are taking a stand and fighting for their right to breathe clean air. Read this book and join the effort to terminate air pollution. -- Arnold Schwarzenegger, 38th Governor of CaliforniaWhether describing Paris's Journee sans Voiture or electric buses in Beijing and Milton Keynes, Clearing the Air not only suggests that tackling pollution is possible, but also shows how, in many places, the work is already being done. In a news cycle that increasingly informs us that all hope is lost, it is uplifting to read that Smedley, an award-winning sustainability journalist, does not think so. * Times Literary Supplement *Clearing the Air is incredibly well researched with plenty of numbers and facts to back up Smedley’s arguments. This is an important book and one that I whole-heartedly recommend. Even if politicians are slow to take measures about the air quality where you live, Clearing the Air will help you to play your part in creating a cleaner and healthier future. * Chemistry World *Clearing the Air sets out in simple terms the monumental damage that dirty air is causing to us and our environment. It also gives us the remarkably simple, logical solutions that need embracing across the world. Compulsory reading. -- Chris Boardman, Olympic Gold Medallist and Greater Manchester's Cycling and Walking CommissionerTim Smedley's indignation about the years of cover-ups and lies by governments and corporations is well founded. There are scientific details packed between the covers of this personal account – atmospheric chemistry, automative engineering, health effects and much more. The technical details are woven seamlessly into the story. It left me with a growing feeling of hope: people around the world are demanding breathable air! -- Mary Nichols, Chair of the California Air Resources Board (CARB)A wonderfully written book that takes you through the fascinating and terrifying story of air pollution, and explains how billions of people unwittingly ended up breathing toxic air. What Tim does so well is to articulate a simple truth that ultimately leaves you with hope: it doesn’t have to be this way. Air pollution is a man-made problem and Clearing the Air sets out the simple steps that governments and individuals must take to ensure that everyone can breathe clean air. Read it and take action! -- James Thornton, CEO, ClientEarthA thoughtful, worthwhile book that fulfils the important role of observing air pollution across widespread regions of the world. China is not the first country to experience the environmental impacts of industrialization, and it will not be the last. -- Ma Jun, Director of the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs, Beijing, ChinaTable of ContentsPrologue PART I: ORIGINS Chapter 1: The Greatest Smog? Chapter 2: Life’s a Gas Chapter 3: Particulate Matters Chapter 4: No Smoke Without Fire Chapter 5: The Dash for Diesel Chapter 6: Struggling to Breathe PART II: FIGHTBACK Chapter 7: The Greatest Smog Solution? Chapter 8: Electric Dreams Chapter 9: Road Rage Chapter 10: What Price Fresh Air? Epilogue The Clean Air Blueprint: For Cities The Clean Air Blueprint: For You References Acknowledgements

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Book SynopsisThis book aids those concerned about environmental issues to firmly grasp relevant analytical methods and to comprehend the thought process behind environmental economics. It does so by drawing from specific environmental issues and at the same time providing commentary that facilitates understanding. This text contains in-depth explanations necessary for a thorough understanding of the fundamental aspects and importance of environmental economics. Environmental Economics seeks to elucidate the mechanisms that give rise to environmental problems by approaching environmental issues from an economic perspective. At the same time, it is a study aiming to indicate specific countermeasures that could resolve present environmental issues. This text has been put together in way that allows readers without specialized economics knowledge to easily understand the situation, issues and challenges of environmental economics. Trade Review‘This is an introductory text to help readers understand environmental economics… It is simple and understandable making a valuable contribution to the existing literature. The text has been put together in a way that allows readers without specialization in economics to understand the issues and challenges of environmental economics. I consider this book a useful introductory textbook for readers interested in Environmental Economics.’ — George Halkos, Professor in Economics of Natural Resources, University of Thessaly‘The book shows a solid and comprehensive coverage of main relevant issues in current environmental policy debate, with an interesting focus on waste and resources. Microeconomic, meso and macroeconomic issues are presented and linked together, through theoretical and ‘applications’ chapters. The chapters can be usefully read in isolation, or find a proper complementary value in the overall reading. It both covers the theory of environmental policy and its applications in the real world.’ — Massimiliano Mazzanti, Associate Professor of Economics, University of Ferrara‘This is an introductory text to help readers understand environmental economics… It is simple and understandable making a valuable contribution to the existing literature. The text has been put together in a way that allows readers without specialization in economics to understand the issues and challenges of environmental economics. I consider this book a useful introductory textbook for readers interested in Environmental Economics.’ — George Halkos, Professor in Economics of Natural Resources, University of Thessaly‘The book shows a solid and comprehensive coverage of main relevant issues in current environmental policy debate, with an interesting focus on waste and resources. Microeconomic, meso and macroeconomic issues are presented and linked together, through theoretical and ‘applications’ chapters. The chapters can be usefully read in isolation, or find a proper complementary value in the overall reading. It both covers the theory of environmental policy and its applications in the real world.’ — Massimiliano Mazzanti, Associate Professor of Economics, University of Ferrara’ — Massimiliano Mazzanti, Associate Professor of Economics, University of FerraraTable of ContentsChapter 1: Our Lifestyles and the EnvironmentSection 1. Economic Development and Environmental IssuesSection 2. Waste Problems and Sustainable SocietySection 3. Climate ChangeChapter 2: Mechanisms that Give Rise to Environmental ProblemsSection 1. Externalities and Market FailuresSection 2. The Use and Management of Common-Pool ResourcesSection 3. Public Goods and Free RidingChapter 3: Fundamental Theories of Environmental PolicySection 1. Direct Regulations and Market MechanismsSection 2. Environmental Taxes and SubsidiesSection 3. Resolutions through Direct NegotiationsSection 4. Emission Cap and TradeChapter 4: Applications for Environmental PoliciesSection 1. Choice among Policy MeasuresSection 2. Waste PolicySection 3. The Kyoto Protocol and Climate Change PolicySection 4. The Current State and Future Targets of Climate Change PolicyChapter 5: Environmental Value AssessmentSection 1. Environmental ValueSection 2. Environmental Valuation Method 1: Revealed Preferences MethodSection 3. Environmental Valuation Method 2: Stated Preferences MethodSection 4. Cost-Benefit AnalysisChapter 6: Business and Environmental ProblemsSection 1. Business and Environmental PoliciesSection 2. Social Responsibility Demanded from BusinessSection 3. Business and Environmental RisksSection 4. Biodiversity and the EcosystemChapter 7: Global Environmental Problems and International TradeSection 1. International Trade and the EnvironmentSection 2. Environmental Regulations and Technological DevelopmentSection 3. Sustainable DevelopmentSection 4. Energy Economics

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Book SynopsisThis publication estimates that the global cost of health damages associated with exposure to air pollution is $8.1 trillion, equivalent to 6.1 percent of global GDP. It further develops the evidence base for air-quality management through up-to-date estimates of air pollution’s global economic costs.

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Book SynopsisA former FBI agent?s urgent call for law enforcement to prioritize far-right violence and end tolerance for police racismIn Policing White Supremacy, former FBI agent Mike German, who worked undercover in white supremacist and militia groups, issues a wake-up call about law enforcement?s dangerously lax approach to far-right violence.Despite over a hundred deadly acts by far-right militants since the 2017 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, and the far right?s attempts to obstruct transfer of power to a duly elected president on January 6, the FBI continues to deprioritize investigations into white supremacist violence, instead targeting marginalized groups such as environmentalists and Black Lives Matter. In 2005, for example, the FBI labeled eco-terrorists as the top domestic threat, despite not a single fatal attack in the United States.Noting that the FBI does not even compile accurate national data on white supremacist violence, German also exposes the continuing tolerance of overt racism in law enforcement, and police membership in white supremacist organizations. The threat these officers pose became clear when at least twenty-eight current and former law enforcement officials were alleged to have participated in the 2021 Capitol breach.With chapters on ?The Rise of the Proud Boys,? ?A New Approach to Policing Hate Crimes,? and ?Policing the Police,? Policing White Supremacy shows how the lack of transparency and accountability in federal, state, and local law enforcement has eroded public trust and undermined democracy. ?Law Enforcement?s Role in Resisting White Supremacy? points the way forward to a future where far-right violence is recognized and addressed as the true threat it presents to our country.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook is a comprehensive volume on sprinklers and drip irrigation and covers all the basic and fundamentals concepts related to these topics. It is the first book to consider relative-flow-ratio as an evaluation criterion for both sprinkler and drip irrigation designs. It also discusses various types of sprinklers (used for irrigation), their complex layouts, design methodologies, selection criteria explained with practical examples, and their operations and maintenance under different conditions. In addition to operation and maintenance of drip irrigation components, the book also explains the drip irrigation hydraulics and various design aspects and the effect of the same on their performance. It also has one important chapter on Rhizosphere modelling which introduces the state-of-the-art technologies in optimal irrigation and fertigation scheduling. Worked out examples and solved problems in the chapters would aid to learning and understanding of the topic among the students. Given the contents, the book will be extremely useful for the undergraduate and postgraduate students of agriculture engineering, irrigation engineering and civil engineering. This textbook will also be useful for researchers, engineers and professionals working in these areas.Table of ContentsSprinkler Irrigation Types & Components.- Uniform Irrigation with Sprinklers.- Layout of Sprinkler Systems.- Design of Periodic Move and Solid Set Sprinkler Systems.- Selection of Pumps.- Maintenance and Operation of Sprinkler Irrigation Systems.- Drip Irrigation Components.- Drip Irrigation –Planning Factors.- Hydraulics of Micro irrigation Pipes.- Drip Subunit Design with Uniform Diameter pipes in Uniform Slopes.- Design with Telescopic Pipes in Uniform and Non-uniform Slopes.- Design of Mains.- Fertigation.- Maintenance and Operation of Drip Irrigation Systems.- Evapotranspiration for Micro Irrigated Crops.- Rhizosphere Modelling.- Water Budgeting & Economic Evaluation.- Pressure, Energy and Power in Water.- Bernoulli’s law.- Soil Texture and Soil Moisture.- Soil Water Movement.- Salinity.- Pumps.

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Book SynopsisThis book has been written by an international body of authors working in a variety of industries including electronics, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, who discuss the considerations to be taken into account when designing cleanrooms. Three chapters describe how cleanrooms are designed for the principal manufacturing areas of microelectronics, pharmaceutical manufacturing and biotechnology. Other subjects covered are international design standards, the economics of cleanroom design, high efficiency air filtration, materials used in cleanroom construction, and the provision of clean gases and water. A unique feature of this new edition includes the application of cleanroom design technology to a mini environment such as a bench-top.Trade Review"..it is good value for money and an essential guide for cleanroom designers, users and controllers...", European Journal of Parenteral Sciences, Volume 5, No.1Table of ContentsAn Introduction to the Design of Clean and Containment Areas (W. Whyte). International Standards for the Design of Cleanrooms (�. Möller). The Design of Cleanrooms for the Microelectronics Industry (J. King). The Design of Cleanrooms for the Pharmaceutical Industry (G. Farquharson & W. Whyte). The Design of Cleanrooms for the Medical Device Industry (H. Schicht). Contamination Control Facilities for the Biotechnology Industry (P. Tubito & T. Latham). Cost-Efficiency and Energy-Saving Concepts for Cleanrooms (H. Schicht). High Efficiency Air Filtration (S. Klocke & W. Whyte). Construction Materials and Surface Finishes for Cleanrooms (E. Sirch). Purification Techniques for Clean Water (T. Hodgkiess). The Design of an Ultra-Pure Water System for Use in the Manufacture of Integrated Circuits (R. Galbraith). The Production and Transmission of High Purity Gases for the Semiconductor Industry (R. Galbraith). Materials for Services Pipework (T. Hodgkiess). Index.

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewMastery of nature has a dark side—spiraling unintended and unwanted consequences. James C. Rice’s history of radioactive fallout from atom bomb testing is a striking demonstration that it is almost easier to build weapons of mass destruction than to contain—or even recognize and admit—their grim penumbra. An object lesson for the Anthropocene. * Andrew Pickering, author of The Cybernetic Brain: Sketches of Another Future *With this gripping account of poisoned sheep, radioactive milk, and desert towns blanketed in nuclear fallout, Rice brilliantly reveals the technological hubris and governmental arrogance behind the post-war era of open-air atomic bomb testing. Based on new research and cutting-edge theory, Downwind of the Atomic State highlights the perils of underestimating a vibrant material world that can often be more complex and treacherous than we imagine. A powerful cautionary tale for our own day. * Timothy James LeCain, author of The Matter of History: How Things Create the Past *Downwind of the Atomic State charts the relationship between human and non-human participants in the ongoing burdening of the Great Basin ecosystem with fallout radionuclides throughout the ‘open-air’ testing era. Rice tracks the tensions between the fallout models of the test site managers and the reality of the intractable uptake of fallout by the ecosystem, weaving a powerful narrative from test series to test series, and ultimately to the court cases that followed. * Robert A. Jacobs, author of Nuclear Bodies: The Global Hibakusha *

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Book SynopsisAn unparalleled how-to guide to citizen-sensing practices that monitor air pollution Modern environments are awash with pollutants churning through the air, from toxic gases and intensifying carbon to carcinogenic particles and novel viruses. The effects on our bodies and our planet are perilous. Citizens of Worlds is the first thorough study of the increasingly widespread use of digital technologies to monitor and respond to air pollution. It presents practice-based research on working with communities and making sensor toolkits to detect pollution while examining the political subjects, relations, and worlds these technologies generate. Drawing on data from the Citizen Sense research group, which worked with communities in the United States and the United Kingdom to develop digital-sensor toolkits, Jennifer Gabrys argues that citizen-oriented technologies promise positive change but then collide with entrenched and inequitable power structures. She asks: Who or what constitutes a “citizen” in citizen sensing? How do digital sensing technologies enable or constrain environmental citizenship? Spanning three project areas, this study describes collaborations to monitor air pollution from fracking infrastructure, to document emissions in urban environments, and to create air-quality gardens. As these projects show, how people respond to, care for, and struggle to transform environmental conditions informs the political subjects and collectives they become as they strive for more breathable worlds.Trade Review"The planet, the region, the community, the neighborhood, the block—these are all sensoria: sites of sense, sensation, and sensibility. Citizens of Worlds offers a powerful and instructive report on how to create everyday sensor infrastructures to register and combat the damage these social sensoria are suffering amidst today’s compromised atmospheres and environments. A critical handbook for theory and action."—Stefan Helmreich, Massachusetts Institute of Technology"In this timely and carefully crafted book, Jennifer Gabrys takes us on a fascinating journey to trace the multiple relations between citizens and their environments mediated though sensors. Throughout the book we encounter diverse sensing technologies, each making us reflect more deeply about how environments are made perceptible and how this allows us to act upon them in novel ways. The concept of ‘citizens of worlds’ sensitizes us to the multiple ways in which these novel experiences of the environment co-constitute political subjects. A mind-opening read inviting further explorations."—Ulrike Felt, University of Vienna

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Basic Concepts 2. Surface Waters 3. The Subsurface Environment 4. The Atmosphere Appendix A. Dimensions and Units for Environmental Quantities B. Models for Chemical Equilibrium, Surface Waters, Groundwater, the Atmosphere, and Global Climate

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Book SynopsisIndoor air quality and human health are of continuously growing importance. Indoor air quality may be affected by many factors excluding, but not limited to, more loosely sealed buildings, the use of air purifiers and other pollutant sources (for example, room air fresheners), the use of various chemicals for pesticide management and cleaning, and finally, the use of synthetic building materials and furnishings. In recent years, people have become more aware of potential health and comfort problems that may be associated with poor indoor air quality. It is partly due to the move to more tightly sealed buildings, the implementation of energy conservation programs, and the growing use of laser printers, photocopiers, and other sources of indoor air contamination. Greater general awareness of environmental issues may also play a part. Most IAQ complaints from building occupants are related to a respiratory headache, irritation, odours, or fatigue. These concerns may be associated with chemical vapours, dust generated in the work environment, contaminants associated with fungal growth (mould), materials infiltrating from outside sources (such as pollen or engine exhaust), or other factors such as elevated carbon dioxide levels. This handbook aims to turn the attention to these subjects and to promote methods and technologies to reduce poor indoor air quality and to distribute outdoor air throughout the building, remove contaminants and odours, and control the indoor temperature and humidity. The information in this guide will help to maintain good indoor air quality in a building, prevent indoor air quality problems, and correct issues that may arise. It will also help to understand the indoor air quality requirements. The structure of this text allows for flexibility in course content and design. It may be used equally well either as a textbook for students or a handbook for environmental consultants, mechanical engineers, building occupants, labour unions and suppliers. Furthermore, this text may be useful data for either the undergraduate or the graduate level. The author wishes to acknowledge Nova Science Publishers with special mentions to Nadya S Gotsiridze-Columbus and Carra Feagaiga for their editorial support.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/healthy-safety-and-hygiene-at-buildings-environment/

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Book SynopsisWith increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, the extent of effects on the ocean and marine resources is an increasing concern. One aspect of this issue is the potential for seawater to become increasing acidic (i.e., ocean acidification). Scientists are concerned that increasing acidity could result in reduced growth or even death of shell-forming animals as well as disruption of marine food webs and reproductive physiology. Congress is beginning to focus attention on better understanding this issue and determining how it might be addressed. As well as examining the above issues, this book also presents an overview of the causes of hypoxia, the U.S. areas of most concern, federal legislation, and relevant research programs. In addition, this book reviews the history and oil spills in the United States; identifies the legal authorities governing oil spill prevention, response and cleanup; and examines the threats of future oil spills in U.S. coastal waters. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

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Book SynopsisFly ash is one of the residues generated in the combustion of coal. Fly ash is generally captured from the chimneys of coal-fired power plants, and is one of two types of ash that jointly are known as coal ash; the other, bottom ash, is removed from the bottom of coal furnaces. Depending upon the source and makeup of the coal being burned, the components of fly ash vary considerably, but all fly ash includes substantial amounts of silicon dioxide (SiO2) (both amorphous and crystalline) and calcium oxide (CaO). Toxic constituents include arsenic, beryllium, boron, cadmium, chromium, chromium VI, cobalt, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, selenium, strontium, thallium, and vanadium, along with dioxins and PAH compounds. In the past, fly ash was generally released into the atmosphere, but pollution control equipment mandated in recent decades now require that it be captured prior to release. In the US, fly ash is generally stored at coal power plants or placed in landfills. About 43 percent is recycled, often used to supplement Portland cement in concrete production. It is increasingly finding use in the synthesis of geopolymers and zeolites.

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Book SynopsisGreenhouse gas emissions have increased markedly since the pre-industrial era and are increasing at such a rate that their concentration in the atmosphere is producing a warming influence on the global climate. In order to make well-informed decisions on ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is important to understand how the different economic sectors contribute to the production of greenhouse gases, which sectors are relatively carbon dioxide (CO2) intensive, and how these patterns have evolved over time. This book analyses energy-related CO2 emissions and intensities for 349 industries, Government (Federal, state and local), and Households. The 349 industries cover the entire economy, providing information on detailed sub-sectors within the aggregate sectors of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Mining, Construction, Manufacturing, Transportation Services, and all other services.

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Book SynopsisFormaldehyde is a building block in the synthesis of many other compounds of specialised and industrial significance. It exhibits most of the chemical properties of other aldehydes but is more reactive. In this book, the authors discuss the chemistry, applications and role in polymerisation of formaldehyde. Topics discussed include the properties of urea-formaldehyde resins for wood-based composites; electronic spectra of formaldehyde in aqueous solution; decontamination of indoor air pollutants of formaldehyde through catalytic oxidation over oxide supported noble metal nanocatalysts; indoor air monitoring using newly developed formaldehyde sensor elements and portable monitoring devices; unusual behaviour during the electrochemical oxidation of formaldehyde; and an algebraic approach to estimate the PES of formaldehyde through the study of vibrational excitations.

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Book SynopsisIn recent decades, it has been recognized that environmental pollution causes serious local and global harmful effects, both to human health and ecosystems, and therefore the protection and restoration of the environment is a matter of great importance. Through the joint efforts of mathematicians, geophysicists and environmentalists, diverse methods for solving varied problems of environmental pollution have been developed. In this text, mathematical methods for analyzing the problems of transport and dispersion of relatively passive pollutants, control of air emissions and remediation of polluted aquatic systems are presented in such form that they are easily understood by undergraduate and graduate students. The application of the adjoint method is emphasized as a way to get dual estimates of average concentrations of different substances. This methodology helps to establish simple variational and linear programming formulations in order to calculate optimal solutions of these problems in the sense that they meet the standards of air quality and cause the minimal variations in the industrial processes or in the environment. This text is primarily intended for scientists, engineers and other professionals working in the field of environmental modeling (transport of air and water pollutants, assessment of pollution levels, optimal control of emission rates from point, line and area sources, the optimal location of a new industrial plant, bioremediation of oil-contaminated aquatic zones, etc.). We hope that this book will be useful for undergraduate and graduate students of engineering sciences and earth sciences as well.

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Book SynopsisWhile sustainable growth confronts a progressively decisive role, and governments embrace measures to authorize reduced carbon emissions, understanding pioneering methods to provide supply chains in an environmental context epitomizes a significant purpose in diverse sectors. This book, An In-depth Look at Carbon Emissions, concentrates on carbon emissions in different sectors owing to energy use and associated features. It gives an overview of recently established systems, practices, methods, and strategies accompanied by exploiting sufficient source examination of carbon emissions that are released from fossil fuel/hydrocarbon reservoirs, automobiles, transportation, agricultural terrains, farms, buildings, and so forth. In recent years, global carbon emissions have reached an all-time high and are increasing. It is high time that we pay specific consideration to carbon emissions and comprehend potential solutions, especially to meet the Paris climate agreement objective. This book will offer established approaches to cut carbon, with studies on transportation, home energy use, energy consumption, as well as how best to inspire the workplace and community by behavior. This book aims at empowering readers to meet the possibility of low carbon living to challenge our society's utmost threats. This book will surely provide state-of-the-art materials in abundance for implementing energy conservation measures and carbon emission reduction.Table of ContentsPreface; Carbon Emissions: Natural vs. Manmade Sources; Carbon Emission Recent Trends and Shift in Policies in India; Carbon Emissions in Karnataka and Scope for Sequestration; Kuwaits Technology Needs Assessment for Climate Change; Remedial Measures to Alleviate Carbon Emissions and Environmental Impacts of Desalination Systems in Saudi Arabia; Investigating the Dynamics of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in OPEC Countries; Hydrogen: A Pathway to Carbon Neutral Economy; Index.

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Book SynopsisSince the publication of the first edition of Environmental Health Science , preventing and treating acute and chronic disease caused by exposure to chemical health hazards has become even more central to the practice of public health. This fully revised and updated edition introduces students and practitioners to the concepts and terminology from chemistry, ecology, toxicology, and engineering necessary for identifying the sources of environmental contaminants; quantifying environmental levels and human exposures; and preventing and remediating environmental health hazards. Liberal use of figures and tables allows readers to visualize complex scientific phenomena and to understand their effects on every aspect of the environment from cells to entire ecosystems. Authored by two of the foremost educators, investigators, and practitioners in this increasingly important discipline, the new edition of Environmental Health Science is an essential resource for students and practitioners in pTrade ReviewIn its 400 pages, this book probably covers as much as is reasonable to expect.It will find its place among more extensive treatises as well as less scholarly entries. Throughout, the authors remain committed to their credo of "avoiding the tendency to present attractive hypotheses or assumptions as proven facts." In every respect, this second edition is a refreshing contribution. * J. Thomas Pierce, MBBS, PhD, Doody'sThe Annals of Occupational Hygiene *Table of ContentsPreface 1. Introduction and Historical Perspective 2. Characterization of Contaminants and Environments 3. Sources of Contaminants 4. Dispersion of Contaminants 5. Fate of Contaminants: Translocation, Transformations, and Sinks 6. Effects of Contaminants on Human Health 7. Effects of Contaminants on Environmental Quality 8. Risk Assessment 9. Environmental Sampling and Exposure Assessment 10. Risk Management 11. Contaminant Criteria and Exposure Limits 12. Our Environmental Future Supplementary Bibliography Index

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces some of the main areas of environmental pollution where chemical reactions play a major role. It examines chemical reactions in the atmosphere, soil, and water as well as the metabolic processes of human beings, plants, and animals.Table of ContentsWhat is Pollution? Changes in the Atmosphere. Impairment of Ground Water and Surface Water. Ground and Soil Pollution. Generally Widespread Materials (Ubiquists). Foodstuffs and Confections. Basic Consumer Goods. Radioactivity. Outlook. Glossary. Literature. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe steady growth in the number of vehicles on the road, heavy reliance on coal, use of dirty fuels for residential combustion, and extensive open burning are some of the major factors leading to the progressive deterioration of air quality in developing countries in Asia. And despite efforts to establish and implement air quality measurement systems, the development of infrastructure, environmental technology, and management practices continues to lag behind the rate of emission increase. Based on ten years of coordinated research, Integrated Air Quality Management: Asian Case Studies discusses technical and policy tools for the integrated air quality management of developing countries in Asia.The book begins with an overview of major issues of air quality management practices in developing Asia and potential approaches to reduce pollution, including opportunities for integration of air quality improvement and climate migration strategies. It covers the methTable of ContentsStatus of Air Quality Management (AQM). Particulate Matter Air Quality: Status, Trends and Composition. Analysis of PM Contributing Sources Using Receptor Models. Modeling for Air Quality Management. Air Pollution Control Techniques. Integrated Management Strategies.

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Book SynopsisIn Situ Remediation Engineering provides a comprehensive guide to the design and implementation of reactive zone methods for treatment of all major classes of groundwater contamination. It teaches the fundamentals that underlie development of cost-effective reactive zone strategies, guides the selection of cost-effective remedial strategies and provides environmental engineers and scientists with tools to achieve optimal deployment of source area, reactive barrier, and site-wide treatments. It offers extensive coverage of remedial system operation, discussing reagent injection strategies, interpretation of process monitoring results for biological and chemical reactive zone systems, and impacts of treatment processes on aquifer hydraulic characteristics.Trade Review"This is an exceptional reference book that bridges the gap between the needs of academics and practitioners. It is both informative as well as practical . . . This book is very valuable to environmental scientists and engineers who are interested in groundwater and contaminated land bioremediation." – Diane Purchase, University of Middlesex, in Microbiology Today, May 2007Table of ContentsThis text provides a comprehensive guide to the design and implementation of reactive zone methods for treatment of all major classes of groundwater contamination. It teaches the fundamentals of developing cost-effective reactive zone strategies, guides the selection of cost-effective remedial strategies, and provides the tools to achieve optimal deployment of source area, reactive barrier, and site-wide treatments. It offers extensive coverage of remedial system operation, discussing reagent injection strategies, interpretation of process monitoring results for biological and chemical reactive zone systems, and the impacts of treatment processes on aquifer hydraulic characteristics.

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Book SynopsisCurrent climate change and global warming clearly reflect the fragile state of environment. The rising demand by the ever-increasing population has resulted in high industrial and urban activities which have resulted in pollution and deterioration of the environment. Industrial and agricultural activities discharge waste consisting of different types of toxic pollutants to the environment without any prior processing. These pollutants are highly toxic and can initiate severe health issues among humans. The overburden of pollution has unchecked the environment self-restoration and rejuvenation potential. Therefore, it is crucial to address the problem environmental pollution and to treat it timely, before it is too late. Green treatment methods for managing and removing environmental pollution are the only desirable option to attain a healthy environment without further damaging it. Phytoremediation is one such method that aid in removal, degradation or immobilization of environmental pollutants with the help of different types of plants and associated microorganisms through their complex interaction. Plants have versatile metabolism and have potential to adapt to various toxic pollutants upon exposure. Thus, phytoremediation can be applied to treat heavy metal, xenobiotics, organic compounds and even radioactive substances. Phytoremediation treat pollutants by means of phytoaccumulation, phytodegradation, phytovolatilization, rhizodegradation, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, phytoextraction etc. Plant uptake and bioaccumulate contaminants in their root, shoot and leaves which can be harvested for recycling and safe disposal of contaminants. Moreover, the rate of phytoremediation treatment is linked to factors such as plant selection, soil conditions, contaminant concentration, site-specific characteristics etc. Constructed Wetland System (CWS) is a plant-based treatment method which can be utilized for the treatment of domestic wastewater, sewage, industrial wastewater etc. Plant/s in CWS can be chosen as per the requirement to specifically target particular pollutants or a plethora of pollutants present in wastewater. Phytoremediation being environmentally benign, economic and effective in removal of pollutants can be employed for environmental pollution control and treatment. Advancement in the field can help to cover more diverse pollutant sites, enhance the understanding of plant microbe interactions, and optimize phytoremediation strategies to further expand its applications. With in-depth knowledge and application technology, phytoremediation can significantly restore and preserve contaminated ecosystems.

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Book SynopsisA new weapon is emerging to help us fight climate change. It is becoming feasible to take carbon dioxide from power stations and industry, and lock it away safely before it can enter the atmosphere. In the next few years, major demonstration programmes will start up in the USA, EU and elsewhere. But can carbon capture compete with other low-carbon technologies, is it safe and environmentally-friendly, and will people and governments accept it? "Capturing Carbon" examines the need for carbon capture, and the technologies, existing and emerging, that make it work. It describes geological storage and, uniquely, compares it to biological carbon sequestration in soils and forests. It looks at the costs, the economics, and how big a contribution carbon capture can make to avoiding dangerous climate change. It covers the policies that need to be in place, the public reaction, and the opportunities for business. Finally, it gives a hard-headed description of the risks of carbon capture projects. The book is the first comprehensive yet accessible study of the subject. It is a vital resource for environmentalists, policy-makers, investors, academics, industry specialists and anyone else wishing to understand this fast-moving field.

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Book SynopsisCollection of documents revealing the significance of the years 1968-1972 to the environmental movementTrade Review"It is a representative collection that can supplement a textbook for American environmental history courses. . . . He rightly sees the years 1968-1972 as pivotal for the modern environmental movement. Recommended." * Choice *Table of ContentsForeword by William Cronon Acknowledgments Introduction Part 1. Warnings “Air Pollution in Donora, PA: Epidemiology of the Unusual Smog Episode of October 1948, Preliminary Report” Paul Shepard, “The Place of Nature in Man’s World,” The Atlantic Naturalist (1958) Howard Zahniser, “Wilderness Forever” (1961) Rachel Carson, Silent Spring (1962) Carl Carmer, Testimony before the Federal Power Commission in the Matter of Consolidated Edison (1964) Part 2. A Dying Planet Paul R. Ehrlich, The Population Bomb (1968) Stewart Brand, Whole Earth Catalog (1969) Jack Newfield, “Lead Poisoning: Silent Epidemic in the Slums,” Village Voice (1969) Daniel W. Hannan, Testimony before the Allegheny County Commissioners (1969) United Auto Workers, Letter Initiating Down River Anti-Pollution League (1969) Dr. N. K. Sanders, “The Santa Barbara Oil Spill: Impact on Environment” (1969) Seattle–King County Department of Public Health, Annual Report, 1969 Part 3. Earth Year 59 The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 Editorial, National Review Bulletin (1970) Citizens Association of Beaufort County, “Is This What You Want for South Carolina’s Waters?” Columbia Record (1970) Richard Nixon, “Special Message to the Congress on Environmental Quality” (1970) Frank Herbert, “How Indians Would Use Fort,” Seattle Post-Intelligencer (1970) Barry Commoner, Harvard University Lecture (1970) Walt Kelly, Pogo Poster: “We Have Met the Enemy, and He Is Us” (1970) Gaylord Nelson, Earth Day Speech, Denver, Colorado (1970) Nathan Hare, “Black Ecology,” The Black Scholar (1970) Letters from Schoolchildren to Carl Stokes, Mayor of Cleveland (1970) Representative Louis Stokes, Address in Congress Supporting Rivers and Harbors and Flood Control Act of 1970 (1970) Ray Osrin, “Someday Son, All This Will Be Yours,” Cleveland Plain Dealer (1970) Eleanor Phinney, Letter to the Oregon Environmental Council (1970) Group Against Smog and Pollution (GASP), Public Service Announcements (1970) Clean Air Act Amendments (1970) Part 4. Is Cata strophe Coming? A Select Committee of the University of Montana, “Report on the Bitterroot National Forest” (1970) Dale A. Burk, Photograph of the Bitterroot Forest, Montana (1971) Governor Ronald Reagan, Remarks before the American Petroleum Institute (1971) Dr. Joseph T. Ling, Testimony Regarding the Water Pollution Control Act (1971) Council of the Southern Mountains, “We Will Stop the Bulldozers” (1972) William O. Douglas, Dissent, Sierra Club v. Morton (1972) John Maddox, “Is Catastrophe Coming?,” The Doomsday Syndrome (1972) Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (1972) Part 5. Continuation Jimmy Carter, “The Energy Problem: Address to the Nation” (1977) Robert A. Roland, Statement Regarding Superfund (1979) A Mother’s Reflections on the Love Canal Disaster (1982) Dr. James E. Hansen, Testimony Regarding the Greenhouse Effect and Global Climate Change (1987) Bibliographical Essay Index

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Book SynopsisPrinciples of Water Treatment has been developed from the best selling reference work Water Treatment, 3rd edition by the same author team. It maintains the same quality writing, illustrations, and worked examples as the larger book, but in a smaller format which focuses on the treatment processes and not on the design of the facilities.Table of ContentsPreface xv Acknowledgments xvii 1 Introduction 1 1-1 The Importance of Principles 2 1-2 The Importance of Sustainability 4 References 4 2 Water Quality and Public Health 5 2-1 Relationship between Water Quality and Public Health 5 2-2 Source Waters for Municipal Drinking Water Systems 9 2-3 Regulations of Water Treatment in the United States 17 2-4 Evolving Trends and Challenges in Drinking Water Treatment 21 2-5 Summary and Study Guide 23 References 24 3 Process Selection 25 3-1 Process Selection Based on Contaminant Properties 26 3-2 Other Considerations in Process Selection 30 3-3 Sustainability and Energy Considerations 34 3-4 Design and Selection of Process Trains 39 3-5 Summary and Study Guide 42 Homework Problems 43 References 45 4 Fundamental Principles of Environmental Engineering 47 4-1 Units of Expression for Chemical Concentrations 48 4-2 Chemical Equilibrium 51 4-3 Chemical Kinetics 60 4-4 Reactions Used in Water Treatment 63 4-5 Mass Balance Analysis 66 4-6 Introduction to Reactors and Reactor Analysis 73 4-7 Reactions in Batch Reactors 77 4-8 Hydraulic Characteristics of Ideal Flow Reactors 80 4-9 Reactions in Ideal Flow Reactors 84 4-10 Measuring the Hydraulic Characteristics of Flow Reactors with Tracer Tests 88 4-11 Describing the Hydraulic Performance of Real Flow Reactors 95 4-12 Reactions in Real Flow Reactors 101 4-13 Introduction to Mass Transfer 103 4-14 Molecular Diffusion 104 4-15 Diffusion Coefficients 106 4-16 Models and Correlations for Mass Transfer at an Interface 115 4-17 Evaluating the Concentration Gradient with Operating Diagrams 126 4-18 Summary and Study Guide 131 Homework Problems 133 References 138 5 Coagulation and Flocculation 139 5-1 Role of Coagulation and Flocculation in Water Treatment 140 5-2 Stability of Particles in Water 142 5-3 Principles of Coagulation 149 5-4 Coagulation Practice 150 5-5 Principles of Mixing for Coagulation and Flocculation 162 5-6 Rapid-Mix Practice 163 5-7 Principles of Flocculation 165 5-8 Flocculation Practice 170 5-9 Energy and Sustainability Considerations 186 5-10 Summary and Study Guide 187 Homework Problems 188 References 190 6 Sedimentation 193 6-1 Principles of Discrete (Type I) Particle Settling 196 6-2 Discrete Settling in Ideal Rectangulor Sedimentation Basins 201 6-3 Principles of Flocculant (Type II) Particle Settling 205 6-4 Principles of Hindered (Type III) Settling 206 6-5 Conventional Sedimentation Basin Design 211 6-6 Alternative Sedimentation Processes 220 6-7 Physical Factors Affecting Sedimentation 228 6-8 Energy and Sustainability Considerations 230 6-9 Summary and Study Guide 231 Homework Problems 232 References 234 7 Rapid Granular Filtration 235 7-1 Physical Description of a Rapid Granular Filter 236 7-2 Process Description of Rapid Filtration 242 7-3 Particle Capture in Granular Filtration 246 7-4 Head Loss through a Clean Filter Bed 255 7-5 Modeling of Performance and Optimization 258 7-6 Backwash Hydraulics 266 7-7 Energy and Sustainability Considerations 273 7-8 Summary and Study Guide 274 Homework Problems 275 References 278 8 Membrane Filtration 281 8-1 Classification of Membrane Processes 282 8-2 Comparison to Rapid Granular Filtration 284 8-3 Principal Features of Membrane Filtration Equipment 286 8-4 Process Description of Membrane Filtration 296 8-5 Particle Capture in Membrane Filtration 301 8-6 Hydraulics of Flow through Membrane Filters 305 8-7 Membrane Fouling 309 8-8 Sizing of Membrane Skids 316 8-9 Energy and Sustainability Considerations 319 8-10 Summary and Study Guide 321 Homework Problems 322 References 325 9 Reverse Osmosis 327 9-1 Principal Features of a Reverse Osmosis Facility 329 9-2 Osmotic Pressure and Reverse Osmosis 335 9-3 Mass Transfer of Water and Solutes through RO Membranes 339 9-4 Performance Dependence on Temperature and Pressure 343 9-5 Concentration Polarization 348 9-6 Fouling and Scaling 353 9-7 Element Selection and Membrane Array Design 359 9-8 Energy and Sustainability Considerations 361 9-9 Summary and Study Guide 364 Homework Problems 365 References 368 10 Adsorption and Ion Exchange 369 10-1 Introduction to the Adsorption Process 370 10-2 Adsorption Equilibrium 377 10-3 Adsorption Kinetics 382 10-4 Introduction to the Ion Exchange Process 386 10-5 Ion Exchange Equilibrium 395 10-6 Ion Exchange Kinetics 399 10-7 Fixed-Bed Contactors 400 10-8 Suspended-Media Reactors 423 10-9 Energy and Sustainability Considerations 429 10-10 Summary and Study Guide 430 Homework Problems 431 References 435 11 Air Stripping and Aeration 437 11-1 Types of Air Stripping and Aeration Contactors 438 11-2 Gas–Liquid Equilibrium 443 11-3 Fundamentals of Packed Tower Air Stripping 449 11-4 Design and Analysis of Packed-Tower Air Stripping 459 11-5 Energy and Sustainability Considerations 471 11-6 Summary and Study Guide 472 Homework Problems 473 References 475 12 Advanced Oxidation 477 12-1 Introduction to Advanced Oxidation 479 12-2 Ozonation as an Advanced Oxidation Process 486 12-3 Hydrogen Peroxide/Ozone Process 494 12-4 Hydrogen Peroxide/UV Light Process 505 12-5 Energy and Sustainability Considerations 518 12-6 Summary and Study Guide 519 Homework Problems 520 References 522 13 Disinfection 525 13-1 Disinfection Agents and Systems 526 13-2 Disinfection with Free and Combined Chlorine 532 13-3 Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide 538 13-4 Disinfection with Ozone 538 13-5 Disinfection with Ultraviolet Light 543 13-6 Disinfection Kinetics 555 13-7 Disinfection Kinetics in Real Flow Reactors 565 13-8 Design of Disinfection Contactors with Low Dispersion 567 13-9 Disinfection By-products 572 13-10 Residual Maintenance 575 13-11 Energy and Sustainability Considerations 576 13-12 Summary and Study Guide 578 Homework Problems 579 References 581 14 Residuals Management 585 14-1 Defining the Problem 586 14-2 Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Residuals 591 14-3 Alum and Iron Coagulation Sludge 595 14-4 Liquid Wastes from Granular Media Filters 599 14-5 Management of Residual Liquid Streams 601 14-6 Management of Residual Sludge 604 14-7 Ultimate Reuse and Disposal of Semisolid Residuals 614 14-8 Summary and Study Guide 616 Homework Problems 617 References 618 Appendix A Conversion Factors 621 Appendix B Physical Properties of Selected Gases and Composition of Air 627 B-1 Density of Air at Other Temperatures 629 B-2 Change in Atmospheric Pressure with Elevation 629 Appendix C Physical Properties of Water 631 Appendix D Periodic Table 633 Appendix E Electronic Resources Available on the John Wiley & Sons Website for This Textbook 635 Index 637

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Book SynopsisProvides the basic skills and information required to prepare an environmental sample for analysis. Divided into two sections, Inorganic Analysis and Organic Analysis, this book covers techniques such as atomic spectroscopy and chromatography.Trade Review"...covers one of the most neglected areas in environmental trace analysis, namely that of sample preparation." (Environment Times , January 2003) “…covers one of the most neglected areas in environmental trace analysis…very detailed, highly illustrated, and easy to read” (International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 2004)Table of ContentsSeries Preface. Preface. Acronyms, Abbreviations and Symbols. About the Author. Basic Laboratory Skills. Investigative Approach for Sample Preparation. Sampling. Storage of Samples. SAMPLE PREPARATION OF INORGANIC ANALYSIS. Solids. Liquids – Natural and Waste Waters. SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR ORGANIC ANALYSIS. Solids. Liquids. Volatile Compounds. Pre-Concentration Using Solvent Evaporation. Instrumental Techniques for Trace Analysis. Recording of Information in the Laboratory and Selected Resources. Responses to Self-Assessment Questions. Glossary of Terms. SI Units and Physical Constants. Periodic Table. Index.

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Book SynopsisCarbon dioxide sequestration is a technology that is being explored to curb the anthropogenic emission of CO 2 into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide has been implicated in the global climate change and reducing it is a potential solution.Trade Review"Each separately readable chapter is structured in introduction, experimentals, results and discussion. This allows a structured understanding. Although this book does not solve all the questions raised when talking about safety and reliability of CCS-technology, it provides a base of knowledge. Increased research on this questions contributes to a tremendous extension of current knowledge, basing on this publication." (Materials & Corrosion, 1 November 2012) Table of ContentsIntroduction The Three Sisters - CCS, AGI, and EOR xix Ying Wu, John J. Carroll and Zhimin Du Section 1: Data and Correlation 1. Prediction of Acid Gas Dew Points in the Presence of Water and Volatile Organic Compounds 3 Ray. A. Tomcej 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Previous Studies 4 1.3 Thermodynamic Model 5 1.4 Calculation Results 6 1.5 Discussion 10 2. Phase Behavior of China Reservoir Oil at Different C02 Injected Concentrations 13 Fengguang Li, Xin Yang, Changyu Sun, and Guangjin Chen 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 Preparation of Reservoir Fluid 14 2.3 PVT Phase Behavior for the C02 Injected Crude Oil 15 2.4 Viscosity of the C02 Injected Crude Oil 17 2.5 Interfacial Tension for C02 Injected Crude Oil/Strata Water 19 2.6 Conclusions 20 3. Viscosity and Density Measurements for Sour Gas Fluids at High Temperatures and Pressures 23 B.R. Giri, P. Biais and R.A. Marriott 3.1 Introduction 24 3.2 Experimental 25 3.3 Results 31 3.4 Conclusions 37 4. Acid Gas Viscosity Modeling with the Expanded Fluid Viscosity Correlation 41 H. Motahhari, M.A. Satyro, H.W. Yarranton 4.1 Introduction 41 4.2 Expanded Fluid Viscosity Correlation 42 4.3 Results and Discussion 47 4.4 Conclusions 52 4.5 Acknowledgements 52 5. Evaluation and Improvement of Sour Property Packages in Unisim Design 55 Jianyong Yang, Ensheng Zhao, Laurie Wang, and Sanjoy Saha 5.1 Introduction 55 5.2 Model Description 56 5.3 Phase Equilibrium Calculation 58 5.4 Conclusions 62 5.5 Future Work 62 6. Compressibility Factor of High C02-Content Natural Gases: Measurement and Correlation 65 Xiaoqiang Bian, Zhimin Du, Yong Tang, and Jianfen Du 6.1 Introduction 65 6.2 Experiment 67 6.3 Methods 68 6.5 Comparison of the Proposed Method and Other Methods 78 6.6 Conclusions 83 6.7 Acknowledgements 84 6.8 Nomenclature 84 Section 2: Process Engineering 7. Analysis of Acid Gas Injection Variables 89 Edward Wiehert and James van der Lee 7.1 Introduction 89 7.2 Discussion 90 7.3 Program Design 93 7.4 Results 94 7.5 Discussion of Results 96 7.6 Conclusion 105 8. Glycol Dehydration as a Mass Transfer Rate Process 107 Nathan A. Hatcher, Jaime L. Nava and Ralph H. Weiland 8.1 Phase Equilibrium 108 8.2 Process Simulation 110 8.3 Dehydration Column Performance 111 8.4 Stahl Columns and Stripping Gas 114 8.5 Interesting Observations from a Mass Transfer Rate Model 115 8.6 Factors That Affect Dehydration of Sweet Gases 118 8.7 Dehydration of Acid Gases 119 8.8 Conclusions 119 9. Carbon Capture Using Amine-Based Technology 121 Ben Spooner and David Engel 9.1 Amine Applications 121 9.2 Amine Technology 122 9.3 Reaction Chemistry 124 9.4 Types of Amine 126 9.5 Challenges of Carbon Capture 128 9.6 Conclusion 131 10. Dehydration-through-Compression (DTC): Is It Adequate? A Tale of Three Gases 133 Wes H. Wright 10.1 Background 133 10.2 Water Saturation 138 10.3 Is It Adequate? 138 10.4 The Gases 141 10.5 Results 147 10.6 Discussion 151 11. Diaphragm Pumps Improve Efficiency of Compressing Acid Gas and C02 155 Josef Jarosch, Anke-Dorothee Braun 11.1 Diaphragm Pumps 162 11.2 Acid Gas Compression 164 11.3 C02 Compression for Sequestration 167 11.4 Conclusion 171 Section 3: Reservoir Engineering 12. Acid Gas Injection in the Permian and San Juan Basins: Recent Case Studies from New Mexico 175 David T. Lescinsky; Alberto A. Gutierrez, RG; James C. Hunter, RG; Julie W. Gutierrez; and Russell E. Bentley 12.1 Background 175 12.2 AGI Project Planning and Implementation 178 12.3 AGI Projects in New Mexico 190 12.4 AGI and the Potential for Carbon Credits 204 12.5 Conclusions 207 13. C02 and Acid Gas Storage in Geological Formations as Gas Hydrate 209 Farhad Qanbari, Olga Ye Zatsepina, S. Hamed Tabatabaie, Mehran Pooladi-Darvish 13.1 Introduction 210 13.2 Geological Settings 211 13.3 Model Parameters 216 13.4 Results 218 13.5 Discussion 221 13.6 Conclusions 223 13.7 Acknowledgment 224 14. Complex Flow Mathematical Model of Gas Pool with Sulfur Deposition 227 W. Zhu, Y. Long, Q. Liu, Y. Ju, and X. Huang 14.1 Introduction 227 14.2 The Mathematical Model of Multiphase Complex Flow 228 14.3 Mathematical Models of Flow Mechanisms 232 14.4 Solution of the Mathematical Model Equations 238 14.5 Example 240 14.6 Conclusions 242 14.7 Acknowledgement 242 Section 4: Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) 15. Enhanced Oil Recovery Project: Dunvegan C Pool 247 Darryl Burns 15.1 Introduction 248 15.2 Pool Data Collection 249 15.3 Pool Event Log 252 15.4 Reservoir Fluid Characterization 255 15.5 Material Balance 263 15.6 Geological Model 264 15.7 Geological Uncertainty 269 15.8 History Match 272 15.9 Black Oil to Compositional Model Conversion 282 15.10 Recovery Alternatives 290 15.11 Economics 307 15.12 Economic Uncertainty 312 15.13 Discussion and Learning 312 15.14 End Note 317 16. C02 Flooding as an EOR Method for Low Permeability Reservoirs 319 Yongle Hu, Yunpeng Hu, Qin Li, Lei Huang, Mingqiang Hao, and Siyu Yang 16.1 Introduction 319 16.2 Field Experiment of C02 Flooding in China 320 16.3 Mechanism of C02 Flooding Displacement 321 16.4 Perspective 324 16.5 Conclusion 326 17. Pilot Test Research on C02 Drive in Very Low Permeability Oil Field of in Daqing Changyuan 329 Weiyao Zhu, Jiecheng Cheng, Xiaohe Huang, Yunqian Long, and Y. Lou 17.1 Introduction 329 17.2 Laboratory Test Study on C02 Flooding in Oil Reservoirs with Very Low Permeability 330 17.3 Field Testing Research 333 17.4 Conclusion 346 17.5 Acknowledgement 349 18. Operation Control of C02-Driving in Field Site. Site Test in Wellblock Shu 101, Yushulin Oil Field, Daqing 351 Xinde Wan, Tao Sun, Yingzhi Zhang, Tiejun Yang, and Changhe Mu 18.1 Test Area Description 352 18.2 Test Effect and Cognition 353 18.3 Conclusions 359 19. Application of Heteropolysaccharide in Acid Gas Injection 361 Jie Zhang, Gang Guo and Shugang Li 19.1 Introduction 361 19.2 Application of Heteropolysaccharide in C02 Reinjection Miscible Phase Recovery 363 19.3 Application of Heteropolysaccharide in H2S Reinjection formation 370 19.4 Conclusions 373 Section 5: Geology and Geochemistry 20. Impact of S02 and NO on Carbonated Rocks Submitted to a Geological Storage of C02: An Experimental Study 377 Stéphane Renard, Jérôme Sterpenich, Jacques Pironon, Aurélien Randi, Pierre Chiquet and Marc Lescanne 20.1 Introduction 377 20.2 Apparatus and Methods 378 20.3 Results and Discussion 381 20.4 Conclusion 391 21. Geochemical Modeling of Huff 'N' Puff Oil Recovery With C02 at the Northwest Mcgregor Oil Field 393 Yevhen I. Holubnyak, Blaise A.F. Mibeck, Jordan M. Bremer, Steven A. Smith, James A. Sorensen, Charles D. Gorecki, Edward N. Steadman, and John A. Harju 21.1 Introduction 393 21.2 Northwest McGregor Location and Geological Setting 395 21.3 The Northwest McGregor Field, E. Goetz #1 Well Operational History 395 21.4 Reservoir Mineralogy 397 21.5 Preinjection and Postinjection Reservoir Fluid Analysis 398 21.6 Major Observations and the Analysis of the Reservoir Fluid Sampling 400 21.7 Laboratory Experimentations 401 21.8 2-D Reservoir Geochemical Modeling with GEM 402 21.9 Summary and Conclusions 403 21.10 Acknowledgments 404 21.11 Disclaimer 404 22. Comparison of C02 and Acid Gas Interactions with reservoir fluid and Rocks at Williston Basin Conditions 407 Yevhen I. Holubnyak, Steven B. Hawthorne, Blaise A. Mibeck, David J. Miller, Jordan M. Bremer, Steven A. Smith, James A. Sorensen, Edward N. Steadman, and John A. Harju 22.1 Introduction 407 22.2 Rock Unit Selection 409 22.3 C02 Chamber Experiments 411 22.4 Mineralogical Analysis 412 22.5 Numerical Modeling 413 22.6 Results 413 22.7 Carbonate Minerals Dissolution 414 22.8 Mobilization of Fe 416 22.9 Summary and Suggestions for Future Developments 418 22.10 Acknowledgments 418 22.11 Disclaimer 418 Section 6: Well Technology 23 Well Cement Aging in Various H2S-C02 Flui( is at High Pressure and High Temperature: Experiments and Modelling 423 Nicolas Jacquemet, Jacques Pironon, Vincent Lagneau, Jérémie Saint-Marc 23.1 Introduction 424 23.2 Experimental equipment 425 23.3 Materials, Experimental Conditions and Analysis 426 23.4 Results and Discussion 428 23.5 Reactive Transport Modelling 430 23.6 Conclusion 432 24. Casing Selection and Correlation Technology for Ultra-Deep, Ultra- High Pressure, High H2S Gas Wells 437 Yongxing Sun, Yuanhua Lin, Taihe Shi, Zhongsheng Wang, Dajiang Zhu, Liping Chen, Sujun Liu, and Dezhi Zeng 24.1 Introduction 438 24.2 Material Selection Recommended Practice 438 24.3 Casing Selection and Correlation Technology 441 24.4 Field Applications 443 24.4 Conclusions 445 24.5 Acknowledgments 447 25. Coupled Mathematical Model of Gas Migration in Cemented Annulus with Mud Column in Acid Gas Well 449 Hongjun Zhu, Yuanhua Lin, Yongxing Sun, Dezhi Zeng, Zhi Zhang, and Taihe Shi 25.1 Introduction 449 25.2 Coupled Mathematical Model 450 25.3 Illustration 458 25.4 Conclusions 459 25.5 Nomenclature 460 25.6 Acknowledgment 461 Section 7: Corrosion 26. Study on Corrosion Resistance of L245/825 Lined Steel Pipe Welding Gap in H2S+C02 Environment 465 Dezhi Zeng, Yuanhua Lin, Liming Huang, Daijiang Zhu, Tan Gu, Taihe Shi, and Yongxing Sun 26.1 Introduction 466 26.2 Welding Process of Lined Steel Pipe 466 26.3 Corrosion Test Method of Straight and Ring Welding Gaps of L245/825 Lined Steel Pipe 467 26.4 Corrosion Test Results of Straight and Ring Welding Gaps of 1245/825 Lined Steel Pipe 472 26.5 Conclusions 477 26.6 Acknowledgments 477 References 477 Index 479

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Book SynopsisThe first comprehensive guide to one of today's most innovative approaches to environmental contamination Natural attenuation is gaining increasing attention as a nonintrusive, cost-effective alternative to standard remediation techniques for environmental contamination.Table of ContentsOverview of Natural Attenuation. Attenuation of Source Zones and Formation of Plumes. Abiotic Processes of Natural Attenuation. Overview of Intrinsic Bioremediation. Intrinsic Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons. Intrinsic Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents. Evaluating Natural Attenuation. Modeling Natural Attenuation. Case Studies: Fuel Hydrocarbons. Case Studies: Chlorinated Solvents. Design of Long-Term Monitoring Programs. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe complete guide to the control of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. With increased regulatory pressures on air pollution emissions, there is a growing need for innovative control technologies in a wide range of industries.Trade Review"In light of increasing regulatory pressure on air pollution emissions, Hunter...and Oyama explore the science, technology, economics, and applications specific to controlling volatile organic compounds emissions in a number of industries." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 24, No. 4, December 2000) "This book addresses a major environmental problem...I find this book...refreshing, focused and well-written." (Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 90, No. 1, February 2002)Table of ContentsThe Problem of Volatile Organic Compounds. Existing Technologies for Volatile Organic Compound Elimination. Condensation. Adsorption. Absorption. Thermal Incineration. Flaring. Catalytic Incineration. Biodegradation. Emerging Technologies. Ozone Properties, Handling, and Production. Surface Reactions and Catalysis. Appendices. Index.

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