Pollution and threats to the environment Books

Book SynopsisThe ozone layer is threatened by chemical emissions, the climate is endangered from fossil fuels and deforestation, and global biodiversity is being lost by reason of thousands of years of habitat conversions. Global environmental problems arise out of the accumulated impacts from many years' and many countries' economic development. In order to address these problems the states of the world must cooperate to manage their development processes together - this is what international environmental agreements are designed to do. But can the world's countries cooperate successfully to manage global development? How should they manage it? Who should pay for the process, as well as for the underlying problems? This book presents an examination of both the problems and the processes underlying international environmental lawmaking: the recognition of international interdependence, the negotiation of international agreements and the evolution of international resource management. It examines the general problem of global resource management by means of general principles and case studies and by looking at how and why specific negotiations and agreements have failed to achieve their targets. The book, commissioned by UNCTAD to assist policymakers, especially in developing countries. It will also be of interest to practitioners in the areas of environmental economics and law and to scholars studying global environmental policy making and institution building.Trade Review'This book is important reading for economists and other social scientists and administrators interested in international environmental agreements and their implementation.' -- Raymond Mikesell, The Economic Journal'Negotiating international environmental regimes is traditionally viewed as a task for lawyers and diplomats. This study - commissioned by the secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development - takes a fresh look, through an economist's lens.' -- Peter H. Sand, Environment'The presentation of the economic material is first-rate, one of the best summaries of the field that I have read. The writing is clear and crisp, and the theory is leavened with wonderfully instructive examples . . . The book is likely to be the seminal piece in this area.' -- Thomas S. Ulen, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface Part I: The Economics of Global Environmental Problems 1. The Limits to Growth 2. Planning for Future Generations 3. Global Development and Global Externalities 4. Relations between Nations Part II: Developing International Environmental Law 5. The Foundations of International Environmental Law 6. Economics of International Environmental Agreements 7. Negotiating International Environmental Agreements 8. The Evolution of International Environmental Agreements 9. Developing International Environmental Law Part III: Principles of International Environmental Law and Lawmaking 10. Principles of International Environmental Law Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisEconomists are concerned by a wide range of environmental impacts from pollutants, as they affect human welfare and not just human health. This insightful book demonstrates how economic analysis can contribute to decision making in environmental policy and discusses the theoretical limitations of economic valuation.Through detailed case studies including land contamination and ecosystem damage, the expert contributors illustrate the range of methods economists currently employ to address and manage the impacts of pollutants, such as multiple criteria analysis, hedonic pricing and contingent valuation. They explore applications of the cost-benefit approach to the environment but also raise questions as to its continued role compared to alternative methods. By presenting the ongoing work of economists involved with environmental management the authors hope that understanding of typical economic practice can be enhanced and perhaps complemented by natural scientists working in the fields of ecotoxicology, epidemiology and ecology. The book also discusses how the sometimes difficult interaction between natural science and economic analysis can be managed.By adopting an international perspective and providing a critical overview of contemporary economic research into environmental pollution, this book will become essential reading for environmental economists, scientists and policymakers.Table of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Evaluating the Impacts of Pollution: An Introduction and Overview 2. Environmental Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment in the United States: Economic and Policy Issues 3. Calculating Morbidity Benefits from Reducing Air Pollution: A Spanish Case Study 4. Air Pollution and Agricultural Crop Damage: Can Europe Learn from the United States? 5. Monetary Valuation of the Toxic Impacts due to Acidic Deposition in Scotland 6. Linking Physical and Economic Indicators of Environmental Damages: Acidic Deposition in Norway 7. Prioritizing Toxic Chemical Clean-up in Hungary Using Monetary Valuation 8. Combining Life Cycle Assessment and Multicriteria Evaluation: Comparing Waste Management Options in Spain 9. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Nitrate Pollution Control in the European Union 10. Pesticide Policy Design and Decision-Making in the United Kingdom: Information, Indicators and Incentives Index

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Book SynopsisThe Kyoto Protocol has singularly failed to shape international environmental policy-making in the way that the earlier Montreal protocol did. Whereas Montreal placed reliance on the force of science and moralistic injunctions to save the planet, and successfully determined the international response to climate change, Kyoto has proved significantly more problematic. International Environmental Policy considers why this is the case.The authors contend that such arguments on this occasion proved inadequate to the task, not just because the core issues of the Kyoto process were subject to more powerful and conflicting interests than previously, and the science too uncertain, but because the science and moral arguments themselves remained too weak. They argue that 'global warming' is a failing policy construct because it has served to benefit limited but undeclared interests that were sustained by green beliefs rather than robust scientific knowledge.This highly topical book takes a frank look at the political motivations that underpin the global warming debate, and will appeal to political scientists and energy policy analysts as well as anyone with an interest in the future of the environment and in the policies we create to protect it.Trade Review'The book does not attempt to say what "should" be done about global warming. Instead it uses a framework of thinking about how interests - including those of governments and scientists as well as business and activists - affect negotiations over international issues. The ultimate aim is to reconsider the international environmental institutions that attempt to balance these interests and forge workable agreements. The failure of Kyoto points to inadequacies in the current mechanisms. Boehmer-Christiansen and Kellow have made a valuable contribution to understanding this failure and where solutions might emerge.' -- Ross McKitrick, The World EconomyTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. The International Environmental Policy Process: Increasing Complexity and Implementation Failure 3. Energy Interests, Opportunities, and Uneven Burden-sharing 4. The Kyoto Process 5. The Failure of Principled Discourse 6. Institutionalizing Scientific Advice: Designing Consensus as a Policy Driver? 7. The Suppression of Scientific Controversy 8. Baptists, Bootleggers and the Kyoto Process Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe Kyoto Protocol to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the majority of industrialised countries is the first small step on the way to an effective climate policy. In the long-term, climate policy will call for greater GHG reductions and the full participation of the global community. The five integrated chapters of this book review theoretical findings and empirical evidence in the search for the right incentives which could induce firms and governments to undertake GHG abatement measures.This book analyses the policy mixes that provide the best possible incentives for firms and governments to act on climate change and sign up to international climate agreements. In doing so, the authors address a multitude of related issues including the linkages between flexible mechanisms and voluntary agreements; regulation and taxation; the opportunities and barriers of the Kyoto Protocol for industry; and the incentives for firms to undertake climate-related R&D and investments. As well as illustrating the environmental benefits and cost-effectiveness of alternative policy mixes in reducing GHG emissions, the authors also offer sensible policy prescriptions for increasing the numbers of countries that ratify and implement climate agreements.Environmental and resource economists, environmental scientists, climate analysts and policymakers should all read this book which offers an authoritative contribution to what is arguably the most critical contemporary environmental policy issue.Trade Review'Climate change policies will likely grow in importance and complexity in the near future. This book is a solid attempt to improve our ability to make the right choices if more action has to be taken on climate change.' -- Matti Liski, Journal of Economic LiteratureTable of ContentsContents: Preface Introduction 1. The Compatibility of the Kyoto Mechanisms with Traditional Environmental Instruments 2. Negotiated Agreements and Climate Change Mitigation 3. Kyoto Flexible Mechanisms: Opportunities and Barriers for Industry and Financial Institutions 4. Traditional Environmental Instruments, Kyoto Mechanisms and the Role of Technical Change 5. The Future Evolution of the Kyoto Protocol: Costs, Benefits and Incentives to Ratification and New International Regimes Index

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Book SynopsisJohn Scott develops, describes, and uses new primary data about US industrial firms' research and development (R&D) investments to create innovative products and processes that provide goods and services without the by-product of pollution. New knowledge about environmental R&D is provided by original surveys of industry from 1993 and 2001. The R&D and other firm data are juxtaposed with US Census industry data and with US Environmental Protection Agency data about industrial toxic releases. This book presents hypothesis tests that provide evidence supporting the use of public policies - described in the book - to stimulate industry to use its creative powers to improve environmental performance.Economists and policy makers in the areas of industrial organization, technological change, the economics of R&D and the environment including policy toward R&D and technology; as well as corporate officers of R&D and environmental affairs will find this volume indispensable.Trade Review'The theoretical and econometrical works presented by the author really brings original and relevant insights on the determinants of environmental R&D and on the role of public regulation.' -- Vanessa Oltra, Journal of Evolutionary Economics'Scott's study is significant . . . for anyone interested in a solid study examining the role of R&D investments and environmental quality, this is well worth the effort.' -- Deborah Lee, Business Information Alert'By looking carefully at environmental R&D in industry, John Scott focusses on one of the hard questions in environmental policy - how to shift private investment decisions towards outcomes that are more desirable from the perspective of promoting public goods, in this instance clean air. This is the analytic puzzle that stands at the heart of the challenge of sustainable development. The plausible conclusion is that the promotion of environmental R&D in industry may be one of the most promising avenues of public policy in support of sustainable development.' -- Konrad von Moltke, International Institute for Sustainable Development, Winnipeg, Canada'John Scott's imaginative and well-written book makes an important contribution to both the industrial organization and environmental economics literatures. The book contains a nice theoretical development of the hypotheses to be tested, interesting empirical results with a unique data base, and important policy conclusions - in short, something for everyone.' -- Dennis C. Mueller, University of Vienna, AustriaTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. A Lesson from History 2. Hazardous Industrial Chemicals 3. A Survey of Industry 4. The Industrial R&D Response 5. A Theoretical Model 6. The Hypothesis Tests 7. Cooperative R&D 8. Environmental R&D, Emissions, and Policy Glossary for Variables References Appendices Index

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Book SynopsisGlobal climate change cannot be understood without knowing the fundamental principles of science, economics, and politics that condition our policy choices. To that end, the contributors to this volume, experts in their respective fields, take a comprehensive look at the major issues involved. This volume is written for policymakers and informed citizenry who want to understand at a general level the complexities of global climate change without becoming enmeshed in technical minutia. The introduction emphasizes the core fact that climate change issues cut across disciplines. William Schlesinger and Gerald North explain the carbon cycle and how increased greenhouse gases impact temperature. The economics papers deal with the applicability of benefit/cost analysis and then proceed to examine the benefits of avoiding temperature change versus the costs of the various CO2 abatement options. Finally, David Victor, a Stanford political scientist, asks which policies are feasible in a world where the incentives differ dramatically among countries. The book closes with open letters to the President of the United States.Policymakers along with academics, students and any reader interested in a broad look at the important issues in the global climate change story will find this book indispensable.Trade Review'The book explicitly addresses a wide non-expert audience and indeed any well-educated layperson will enjoy reading it, as its style is very accessible. . . this is one of the best books on climate policy published to date.' -- Axel Michaelowa, Climate PolicyTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction: The Many Dimensions of the Climate Change Issue 2. The Carbon Cycle: Human Perturbations and Potential Management Options 3. Climate Change over the Next Century 4. Benefit–Cost Analysis and Climate-Change Policy 5. Assessing the Market Damages from Climate Change 6. The Difficulties of Estimating Global Non-market Damages from Climate Change 7. What are the Costs of Limiting CO2 Concentrations? 8. Energy, the Environment and the Economy: Hedging Our Bets 9. International Agreements and the Struggle to Tame Carbon 10. Five Letters to the President Index

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Book SynopsisIn many tropical countries, mangrove forests are a crucial component of coastal resources. Nowhere is this more evident than in Thailand where their continued destruction due to shrimp farm expansion is impacting upon forestry, fisheries and the quality of the coastal environment. In addition to the environmental damage caused, mangrove loss is also a serious social problem. Many people live and work among the mangrove forests and the destruction of the resources and ecological functions these forests provide affect the economic livelihoods and cultural heritage of many communities. Against these losses must be weighed the considerable commercial and foreign exchange benefits of shrimp aquaculture and production, which is a major export industry in Thailand. Through in-depth case studies of local communities in four distinct coastal areas in Southern Thailand, the authors are able to assess objectively the underlying economic causes, and consequences, of mangrove deforestation due to the expansion of shrimp farms. Economists, ecologists, sociologists and coastal management specialists will all welcome this unique inter-disciplinary appraisal of the ecological, economic and social implications of shrimp farm expansion and mangrove conversion. It will also be of particular value to international and national policymakers concerned with coastal management in tropical countries.Trade Review'. . . essential reading for all who are interested in the ecological and environmental consequences of shrimp farming and its social impacts.' -- Clem Tisdell, Aquaculture Economics and ManagementTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction: Global Mangrove Loss and Economic Development Part I: National Trends and Analysis of Mangroves 2. The Importance of Mangroves: Ecological Perspectives and Socio-Economic Values 3. Overview of Shrimp Farming and Mangrove Loss in Thailand 4. Analysis of Shrimp Farm Expansion and Mangrove Conversion in Thailand, 1979–1996 Part II: Case Studies: Phang-nga and Nakhon Si Thammarat 5. Analytical Background of the Case Studies and Research Sites: Ecological, Historical and Social Perspectives 6. Mangrove Dependency, Income Distribution and Conservation 7. Household Use of Mangrove and Mangrove Conservation Decisions 8. The Effects of Mangrove Loss on the Labor Allocation of Households 9. Analysis of Shrimp Farms’ Use of Land 10. Coastal Communities, Mangrove Loss and Shrimp Farming: Social and Institutional Perspectives 11. Comparative Returns of Mangroves for Shrimp Farming and Local Direct and Indirect Uses in Surat Thani Province Part III: Mangrove Loss and Shrimp Farming in Thailand: Conclusions 12. Conclusions of the Study and Policy Recommendations References Index

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Book SynopsisIn this book, Tingsong Jiang extensively discusses the wider issues of economic instruments of pollution control as well as paying specific attention to the control of carbon dioxide emissions in China. The book begins with a general analysis of economic instruments of pollution control, and is followed by the application of these in CO2 emission control. The former presents the discussion of pollution control policies in general equilibrium settings, focusing on the comparison of pollution taxes and tradable permits in certain kinds of circumstances with imperfections such as uncertainty and pre-existing distortions. An empirical evaluation of China's environmental policies is also included. The latter brings the discussion into the area of global warming policies with the focus on the implications to China. A dynamic general equilibrium model, G-Cubed-T, is developed to produce CO2 emissions projections from China, the US and the rest of the world, and to simulate various policy targets and instruments China may adopt to control its CO2 emissions.With its systematic evaluation of China's environmental policy, this thorough and rigorous assessment will be invaluable reading for academics in environmental economics and environmental management, policy analysts in environmental protection and global warming fields, policymakers and government officials around the world, as well as China specialists.Trade Review'This important book by Dr Tingsong Jiang presents a framework for analysing the policies needed to tackle China's myriad of local as well as global environmental problems. It is a rigorous and innovative volume covering theoretical and empirical issues as well as focusing the results of the research directly into current debates on environmental policy in China.' -- From the preface by Warwick McKibbinTable of ContentsContents: Preface by Warwick J. McKibbin 1. Economic Instruments of Pollution Control: An Introduction Part I: Economics of Pollution Control Policy 2. Earmarking of Pollution Charges and the Sub-optimality of the Pigouvian Tax 3. Stochastic General Equilibrium and Environmental Policy Choice 4. Effectiveness and Efficiency: An Assessment of China’s Environmental Protection Policy Part II: Economic Instruments of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Control 5. Policy Choices of International Carbon Dioxide Emissions Control 6. A Dynamic General Equilibrium Model of the Chinese Economy 7. Projection of China’s Carbon Dioxide Emissions 8. Policy Options of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Control in China 9. Conclusion References Index

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Book SynopsisA pollution haven may arise if environmental stringency differs between countries, when capital is mobile, and when trade rules allow firms to relocate and still sell their products to the same customers. This cohesive volume analyzes how country characteristics determine environmental rules, how those rules affect production costs, trade, and investment flows, how those flows affect pollution, prices, and incomes, and finally how all of these last considerations feed back into environmental rules. The sixteen papers collected here represent the most recent and significant advancements of knowledge on the subject. The contributors, all well-known scholars in the area, investigate how polluter location decisions respond to pollution policies, how local environmental rules respond to those location decisions, and how trade liberalization affects the incentives of governments to regulate dirty industries. The volume begins with a comprehensive overview by M. Scott Taylor and goes on to explore how the usual effects of pollution havens can be reversed. Also covered are the ways in which managed trade and trade liberalization, the regulation of multinationals, political stability and emissions controls impact pollution havens. Written for a multidisciplinary audience, The Economics of Pollution Havens will be of interest to those working in the areas of economics, international trade, political science, public policy, and environmental studies.Table of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Unbundling the Pollution Haven Hypothesis M. Scott Taylor 2. Environmental Policy, Population Dynamics and Agglomeration Chris Elbers and Cees Withagen 3. Managed Trade, Trade Liberalisation and Local Pollution Pierre M. Regibeau and Alberto Gallegos 4. Pollution Havens and the Regulation of Multinationals with Asymmetric Information Xiaodong Wu 5. Trade Integration and Political Turbulence: Environmental Policy Consequences Per G. Fredriksson and Muthukumara Mani 6. Pollution Abatement Expenditure by US Manufacturing Plants: Do Community Characteristics Matter? Randy A. Becker 7. Environmental Regulation as Export Promotion: Product Standards for Dirty Intermediate Goods Carol McAusland 8. Unilateral Emission Reductions and Cross-Country Technology Spillovers Rolf Golombek and Michael Hoel 9. Trade Liberalization and Pollution Havens Josh Ederington, Arik Levinson and Jenny Minier 10. Testing for Pollution Havens Inside and Outside of Regional Trading Blocs Matthew E. Kahn and Yutaka Yoshino 11. Environmental Regulation and International Trade: Empirical Results for Germany, the Netherlands and the US, 1977–1992 Abay Mulatu, Raymond J.G.M. Florax and Cees Withagen 12. Pollution Havens and Foreign Direct Investment: Dirty Secret or Popular Myth? Beata Smarzynska Javorcik and Shang-Jin Wei 13. The Unintended Disincentive in the Clean Air Act John A. List, Daniel L. Millimet and Warren McHone 14. Trade Pessimists vs Technology Optimists: Induced Technical Change and Pollution Havens Corrado Di Maria and Sjak A. Smulders 15. Does Trade Promote Environmental Coordination? Pollution in International Rivers Hilary Sigman 16. Cross-Country Policy Harmonization with Rent-Seeking Patrik T. Hultberg and Edward B. Barbier Index

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Book SynopsisThis innovative book is a compilation of state-of-the-art choice experiment studies undertaken in several European Union (EU) countries, including Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom. The case studies presented concern a variety of environmental, agricultural and natural resource issues - such as the management of water resources, forests and agricultural landscapes; conservation of biodiversity and cultural heritage; noise pollution reduction and food labeling. The book highlights how the choice experiment method can be employed to inform efficient and effective design and implementation of various EU level agricultural and environmental policies and directives, including the Common Agricultural Policy, Water Framework Directive, Forestry Strategy, Habitats Directive and food labeling systems.This book will be of great interest to researchers working in the fields of environmental, natural resource and agricultural economics. Academics and graduate students worldwide, as well as applied economists working in international and national organizations, would benefit from the cutting edge choice experiment applications presented in this book. International and national policy makers will also benefit from the information on the use and usefulness of the choice experiment method in informing efficient and effective environmental, agricultural and natural resource management policy making.Trade Review'. . . a text detailing several recent, state-of-the-art choice experiment studies in European Union countries is valuable for illustrating the usefulness of the method for informing environmental policy. . . Birol and Koundouri have admirably compiled an array of case studies that provide relevant information for European environmental, agricultural, natural resource management and food policy, and that also offer a number of advances in the application and analysis of the CEM. The text is suitable for academics and graduate students with an interest in current applications of stated preference methods and for policy-makers interested in understanding people's preferences for environmental quality. . .' -- Bethany Cooper, Australasian Journal of Environmental Management'This volume provides an assessment of the literature on environmental valuation in Europe. It outlines some of the key environmental policy issues facing European Union countries and provides information on preferences and values associated with policy options. It also provides a set of state of the art examples of preference elicitation and analysis. This volume will be of interest to a variety of audiences. The book provides insights that will be useful to policy makers interested in understanding the public's preferences for environmental quality and it will be useful to academics and graduate students interested in cutting edge applications of stated preference methods.' -- Wictor Adamowicz, University of Alberta, CanadaTable of ContentsContents: Foreword W.L. (Vic) Adamowicz 1. Introduction Ekin Birol and Phoebe Koundouri 2. Applications of the Choice Experiment Method in Europe: A Review Ekin Birol, Phoebe Koundouri and Yiannis Kountouris 3. Using Mixed Logit Models to Derive Individual-Specific WTP Estimates for Landscape Improvements under Agri-environmental Schemes: Evidence from the Rural Environment Protection Scheme in Ireland Danny Campbell, W. George Hutchinson and Riccardo Scarpa 4. Economic Valuation of Environmental Impacts in the Severely Disadvantaged Areas in England Helen Johns, Nick Hanley, Sergio Colombo and Ece Őzdemiroğlu 5. How Can Choice Experiments Inform Public Environmental Policies: A French Case Study of Landscape Valuation Jeanne Dachary-Bernard 6. Valuing Preferences towards Cultural Landscapes and Rural Heritage: A Perspective from Northern Spain Maria L. Loureiro and Edelmiro López 7. Latent Market Segmentation Analysis of Choice Experiment Data and Implications for the EU’s GM Labelling Policy? Andreas Kontoleon and Mitsuyasu Yabe 8. Use of Choice Experiments in Assessing the Role of Policy Instruments in Social Acceptability of Forest Biodiversity Conservation in Southern Finland Paula Horne 9. Value Inference Using Contingent Valuation and Choice Experiments in the Spanish Forests Pere Riera, Joan Mogas and Jeff Bennett 10. Evaluation of Heterogeneous Preferences for Forest Recreation in the UK Using Choice Experiments Michael Christie and Nick Hanley 11. Using a Choice Experiment to Inform Implementation of the European Union Water Framework Directive: The Case of Cheimaditida Wetland in Greece Ekin Birol, Katia Karousakis and Phoebe Koundouri 12. Using the Choice Experiment Method to Inform River Management in Poland: Flood Risk Reduction versus Habitat Conservation in the Upper Silesia Region Ekin Birol, Phoebe Koundouri and Yiannis Kountouris 13. Enjoy the Silence: Valuing Rail Noise Abatement in Trento, Italy Paulo A.L.D. Nunes and Chiara Maria Travisi 14. Concluding Remarks and Future Directions Ekin Birol and Phoebe Koundouri Index

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Book SynopsisThe core objective of this book is to better understand the role of foreign policy - the crossovers and interactions between domestic and international politics and policies - in efforts to preserve the environment and natural resources. Underlying this objective is the belief that it is not enough to analyze domestic or international political actors, institutions and processes by themselves. We need to understand the interactions among them, something that explicit thought about foreign policy can help us do.The eclectic group of contributors explore European and EU responses to global climate change, and provide insights into issues on environmental protection, sustainable development, international affairs and foreign policy.Trade Review'This book is likely to become the definitive study on European global climate change politics. Its focus on the formulation, ratification,and implementation of the Kyoto Protocol within Europe make essential reading for all who wish to understand how domestic foreign policy influenced the European Union's decision to ratify the Kyoto Protocol despite the United States' decision to abandon the agreement. The book provides important historical background, case studies of the most influential European countries to shape the Kyoto Protocol, and an assessment of what enlargement means for the implementation of the agreement. It also examines how Europe's policies have shaped and been shaped by participation in the Kyoto negotiation and implementation processes. It will be an important item for the libraries of any institution or scholar with an interest in the role of Europe in addressing climate change.' -- Miranda Schreurs, University of Maryland, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface INTRODUCTION 1. Europe and the Politics and Foreign Policy of Global Climate Change Paul G. Harris PART I: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND POLICYMAKING IN EUROPE 2. The Politics of Climate Change in Germany: Domestic Sources of Environmental Foreign Policy Michael T. Hatch 3. The Indispensable Awkward Partner: The United Kingdom in European Climate Policy Loren R. Cass 4. Middle Power Leadership in the Climate Change Negotiations: Foreign Policy of the Netherlands Norichika Kanie 5. Climatic Issues in Polish Foreign Policy Anita Bokwa 6. Sweden, Climate Change and the EU Context Kate E. Marshall 7. A New Climate for Spain: Accommodating Environmental Foreign Policy in a Federal State J. David Tàbara 8. Shaming and Framing: Norwegian NGOs in the Climate Change Negotiations Andreas Tjernshaugen and Ho-Ching Lee PART II: THE EUROPEAN UNION AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE 9. Articulating a Consensus: The EUs Position on Climate Change Nuno S. Lacasta, Suraje Dessai, Eva Kracht and Katharine Vincent 10. Common Policy on Climate Change: Land Use, Domestic Stakeholders and EU Foreign Policy Martina Jung, Axel Michaelowa, Ingrid Nestle, Sandra Greiner and Michael Dutschke 11. Climate Policy in the EU: International Regimes and Policy Diffusion Sebastian Oberthür and Dennis Tänzler 12. Meeting Kyoto Commitments: EU Influence on Norway and Germany Guri Bang, Jonas Vevatne and Michelle Twena 13. Climate Change Policy and the Enlargement of the EU Leonardo Massai 14. The Reflexivity of Ideas in Climate Change Policy: German, European and International Politics Lyn Jaggard 15. Sharing the Burdens of Global Climate Change: International Equity and Justice in European Policy Paul G. Harris CONCLUSION 16. Explaining European Responses to Global Climate Change: Power, Interests and Ideas in Domestic and International Politics Paul G. Harris Index

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Book SynopsisThe genetic modification of crops continues to be the subject of intense debate, and opinions are often strongly polarised. Environmental Impact of Genetically Modified Crops addresses the major concerns of scientists, policy makers, environmental lobby groups and the general public regarding this controversial issue, from an editorially neutral standpoint. While the main focus is on environmental impact, food safety issues, for both humans and animals are also considered. The book concludes with a discussion on the future of agricultural biotechnology in the context of sustainability, natural resource management and future global population and food supply.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Agriculture, Ecosystem, and Environment. N Ferry and A MR Gatehouse Chapter 2: Transgenic Technology. P Christou Chapter 3: Novel Crops and Biofuels. Chapter 4: Environmental Risk Assessment F Tencalla Chapter 5: Insect Resistant GM Crops; Pest Resistance. B Tabashnik Chapter 6: Integrated Resistance Management, how can we prevent pest resistance in the future? D Wright and N Crickmore Chapter 7: Herbicide Tolerant GM Crops; Resistance and Management M Owen Chapter 8: Impact of GM Crops on non-target organisms J Romeis Chapter 9: Impact of GM Crops on Pollinators L. Malone and E P J Burgess Chapter 10: Impact of GM crops on soil and water ecology R Wheatley Chapter 11: Biodiversity. K Ammann Chapter 12: Potential Wider Impact: Farmland Birds. M Whittingham Chapter 13: Environmental Benefits of GM Crops M Edwards and G M Poppy Chapter 14: Safety for Human Consumption R Phipps Chapter 15: Post Commercialization testing and monitoring B Ohen Chapter 17: Monitoring Bt Resistance in the field, China as a case study K He Chapter 18: GM crops in Least Economically Developed Countries (LEDC) (Africa as a case study) D George, S Mugo and H De Groote Chapter 19: Developing a 21st century view of Agriculture and the Environment D Pimentel Chapter 20: Conclusions N Ferry and A Gatehouse

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Book SynopsisThe difficulty of achieving and implementing a global climate change agreement has stimulated a wide range of policy proposals designed to favour the participation of a large number of countries in a global cooperative effort to control greenhouse gas emissions. This significant book analyses the viability of controlling climate change through a set of regional or sub-global climate agreements rather than via a global treaty.The authors argue that the principal challenge in devising a truly global architecture is in providing sufficient incentives for all party participation whilst also ensuring compliance, which raises global governance issues. The main purpose of this study is not to trace in detail the process of negotiation and implementation of international regimes, but rather to evaluate whether a series of regional or sub-global agreements is more likely to achieve climate change control than a global agreement attempted from the outset. From a political science perspective, the focus centres on institution building and governance. From an economic perspective it concentrates on incentives used to encourage participation in a global and non-fragmented agreement. Lessons from EU integration and actual global and regional trade agreements are employed in order to analyse the future prospects of climate change negotiations.The focus on climate change and more generally the management of environmental and resource problems will make this book essential reading for participants, observers and analysts of the public policy process as it concerns climate change and more generally the management of environmental and resource problems. In addition the rich combination of international relations theory and economic literature with findings from the policy process will appeal to both general readers and the academic community.Trade Review'. . . a timely look at one of the most interesting and relevant issues in current international climate policy. The book is concise and easy to read, making it accessible to a wide range of climate policy specialists.' -- Carbon and Climate Law ReviewTable of ContentsContents: Foreword 1. Bottom-up Approaches Towards a Global Climate Agreement: An Overview Carlo Carraro, Christian Egenhofer and Noriko Fujiwara 2. Regional and Sub-Global Climate Blocs: A Cost–Benefit Analysis of Bottom-up Climate Regimes Barbara Buchner and Carlo Carraro 3. Do Regional Integration Approaches Hold Lessons for Climate Change Regime Formation? The Case of Differentiated Integration in Europe Noriko Fujiwara and Christian Egenhofer 4. Trade, the Environment and Climate Change: Multilateral versus Regional Agreements David Kernohan and Enrica De Cian 5. Participation Incentives and Technological Change: From Top-Down to Bottom-Up Climate Agreements Barbara Buchner and Carlo Carraro 6. Bottom-up Approaches to Climate Change Control: Some Policy Conclusions Carlo Carraro and Christian Egenhofer Index

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Book SynopsisProfessor Sigman has selected the most authoritative previously published papers for this pathbreaking collection. This timely book examines private decision-making and government policy for the management of hazardous waste, the clean-up of contaminated land and the redevelopment of brownfield sites. Issues explored include the success of economic incentive policies such as 'green taxes' and tort liability, environmental decentralization and attitudes toward risk by both regulators and households. The additional focus on empirical analysis will help economists understand this challenging public policy area and will make economic insights accessible to policymakers.Trade Review‘Hilary Sigman’s collection, including her splendid introductory essay, provides a comprehensive and nicely organised treatment of the economics of managing hazardous wastes. The economic perspective offers deep insights into the issues of setting priorities and the design of effective and equitable policies. It’s all here.’ -- Wallace E. Oates, University of Maryland, USTable of ContentsContents: Acknowledgements Introduction Hilary Sigman PART I ACTIVE HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT A Waste Management Choices 1. Clifford S. Russell (1988), ‘Economic Incentives in the Management of Hazardous Wastes’ 2. Anna Alberini and John Bartholomew (1999), ‘The Determinants of Hazardous Waste Disposal Choice: An Empirical Analysis of Halogenated Solvent Waste Shipments’ 3. Hilary Sigman (1998), ‘Midnight Dumping: Public Policies and Illegal Disposal of Used Oil’ 4. Sarah L. Stafford (2006), ’Rational or Confused Polluters? Evidence from Hazardous Waste Compliance’ B Geography of Waste Management 5. Arik Levinson (1999), ‘NIMBY Taxes Matter: The Case of State Hazardous Waste Disposal Taxes’ 6. James T. Hamilton (1993), ‘Politics and Social Costs: Estimating the Impact of Collective Action on Hazardous Waste Facilities’ 7. Howard Kunreuther and Paul R. Kleindorfer (1986), ‘A Sealed-Bid Auction Mechanism for Siting Noxious Facilities’ 8. Daniel E. Ingberman (1995), ‘Siting Noxious Facilities: Are Markets Efficient?’ 9. Bruno S. Frey, Felix Oberholzer-Gee and Reiner Eichenberger (1996), ‘The Old Lady Visits Your Backyard: A Tale of Morals and Markets’ 10. Brian R. Copeland (1991), ‘International Trade in Waste Products in the Presence of Illegal Disposal’ PART II CLEANUP OF CONTAMINATED SITES A How Clean is Clean? 11. Ted Gayer, James T. Hamilton and W. Kip Viscusi (2002), ‘The Market Value of Reducing Cancer Risk: Hedonic Housing Prices with Changing Information’ 12. Katherine Kiel and Jeffrey Zabel (2001), ‘Estimating the Economic Benefits of Cleaning Up Superfund Sites: The Case of Woburn, Massachusetts’ 13. Kent D. Messer, William D. Schulze, Katherine F. Hackett, Trudy A. Cameron and Gary H. McClelland (2006), ‘Can Stigma Explain Large Property Value Losses? The Psychology and Economics of Superfund’ 14. Shreekant Gupta, George Van Houtven, and Maureen Cropper (1996), ‘Paying for Permanence: An Economic Analysis of EPA's Cleanup Decisions at Superfund Sites’ 15. W. Kip Viscusi and James T. Hamilton (1999), ‘Are Risk Regulators Rational? Evidence from Hazardous Waste Cleanup Decisions’ B Paying for Cleanup 16. Lloyd S. Dixon (1995), ‘The Transaction Costs Generated by Superfund’s Liability Approach’ 17. Gordon C. Rausser, Leo K. Simon and Jinhua Zhao (1998), ‘Information Asymmetries, Uncertainties and Cleanup Delays at Superfund Sites’ 18. Lewis A. Kornhauser and Richard L. Revesz (1995), ‘Evaluating the Effects of Alternative Superfund Liability Rules’ 19. Anna Alberini and David Austin (2002), ‘Accidents Waiting to Happen: Liability Policy and Toxic Pollution Releases’ C Brownfields 20. James Boyd, Winston Harrington and Molly K. Macauley (1996), ‘The Effects of Environmental Liability on Industrial Real Estate Development’ 21. Kathleen Segerson (1993), ‘Liability Transfers: An Economic Assessment of Buyer and Lender Liability’ 22. Daniel T. McGrath (2000), ‘Urban Industrial Land Redevelopment and Contamination Risk’ 23. Anna Alberini, Alberto Longo, Stefania Tonin, Francesco Trombetta and Margherita Turvani (2005), ‘The Role of Liability, Regulation and Economic Incentives in Brownfield Remediation and Redevelopment: Evidence from Surveys of Developers’ Name Index

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Book SynopsisThis book is an examination of a neglected form of scientific corruption - corruption by political attachment to noble causes.We are used to hearing that economic interests have corrupted scientific findings, but the possibility that science might be corrupted by noble causes is largely overlooked. This book shows that this danger is real, that values can often lead to poor science, and that we are more likely to accept lower quality science when it lends support to our political preferences. Using the examples of biodiversity and climate science and the attack on Lomborg's The Skeptical Environmentalist on these two issues, Aynsley Kellow reveals how the reliance of environmental science on mathematical models and the infusion of values into its conduct have produced a preference for virtual over observational data. It argues that both sides of politics are capable of exerting such an influence, but suggests some reasons why those on the political Left seem to be more prone to do so at present, to the detriment of public policy.Science and Public Policy is a unique and challenging book. It does not argue that any one political persuasion exerts a corrupting influence on science policy, instead it makes extensive use of peer-reviewed literature to explore scientific controversies and the role of politics in them.This fascinating book will appeal to high-level general readers as well as to scholars and researchers at all levels of academe working in environmental politics and policy; and science policy.Trade Review'Crusading environmentalists won't like this book. Nor will George W. Bush. Its potential market lies between these extremes. It explores the hijacking of science by people grinding axes on behalf of noble causes. "Noble cause corruption" is a term invented by the police to justify fitting up people they "know" to be guilty, but for whom they can't muster forensic evidence that would satisfy a jury. Kellow demonstrates convincingly, and entertainingly, that this form of corruption can be found at the centre of most environmental debates. Highly recommended reading for everyone who doesn't already know who is guilty.' -- John Adams, University College London, UKTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. The Political Ecology of Pseudonovibos Spiralis and the Virtuous Corruption of Virtual Science 2. The Political Ecology of Conservation Biology 3. Climate Science as ‘Post-normal’ Science 4. Defending the Litany: The Attack on The Skeptical Environmentalist 5. Sound Science and Political Science 6. Science and its Social and Political Context Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisEnvironmental Policy Integration (EPI) is an innovative policy principle designed to deliver sustainable development. This book offers an unrivalled exploration of its conceptualization and implementation, drawing upon a set of interlinked case studies of the most common implementing instruments and the varied experience of applying them in six OECD states and the EU. Written by a team of international experts, it identifies and explains broad patterns and dynamics in what is an important area of contemporary environmental policy analysis.This insightful account of the state-of-the-art aims to offer a valuable resource for academics interested in environmental politics and policy analysis, as well as the broader, interdisciplinary theme of 'governance for sustainable development'. It will interest advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students taking courses in comparative politics, public administration and environmental politics and policy-making. Given the continuing political relevance of sustainability, it should also appeal to NGOs, think tanks and international bodies attempting to coordinate policies across and within different levels of governance.Trade Review’. . . offering an enjoyable read in comparative politics and policy, it offers a point of reference for understanding the conceptual and empirical possibilities for further research in EPI.' -- Darren McCauley, West European Politics'. . . a bank of internationally based case studies written by leading environmental experts.' -- The Environmentalist'The organisation of th[is] book is exemplary, particularly for an edited volume. . . [A]n impressive intellectual contribution to the understanding of EPI. . . I strongly recommend it to scholars and students. . . and, crucially, also to politicians and civil servants who have attempted (or half-attempted) the task of remedying the historical neglect of environmental issues.' -- Ian Bailey, Environment and Planning C'Good social science may not raise our spirits, but it should improve our policy understanding. Andrew Jordan and Andrea Lenschow have produced a volume that provides a subtle and empirically informed understanding of environmental policy integration, using a design that looks both at the full policy cycle and at cross-national comparisons.' -- From the foreword by Albert Weale FBA, University of Essex, UKTable of ContentsContents: Foreword by Albert Weale Preface PART I: THE CONCEPTUAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT 1. Integrating the Environment for Sustainable Development: An Introduction Andrew Jordan and Andrea Lenschow 2. Instruments for Environmental Policy Integration in 30 OECD Countries Klaus Jacob, Axel Volkery and Andrea Lenschow PART II: THE TOOLBOX OF IMPLEMENTING INSTRUMENTS 3. Administrative Instruments Adriaan Schout and Andrew Jordan 4. Green Budgeting David Wilkinson, David Benson and Andrew Jordan 5. Sustainable Development Strategies Reinhard Steurer 6. Policy Appraisal Julia Hertin, Klaus Jacob and Axel Volkery 7. Strategic Environmental Assessment Olivia Bina PART III: NATIONAL EXPERIENCES AND PROSPECTS 8. The European Union Andrew Jordan, Adriaan Schout and Martin Unfried 9. Germany Rüdiger K. Wurzel 10. Norway William M. Lafferty, Olav Mosvold Larsen and Audun Ruud 11. Sweden Måns Nilsson and Åsa Persson 12. The United Kingdom Duncan Russel and Andrew Jordan 13. The United States of America John Hoornbeek 14. Australia Andrew Ross PART IV: COMPARATIVE CONCLUSIONS 15. Environmental Policy Integration: An Innovation in Environmental Policy? Andrew Jordan and Andrea Lenschow Index

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Book SynopsisGlobal climate change raises important questions of international and intergenerational justice. In this important new book the author places research on the origins and impacts of climate change within the broader context of distributive justice and sustainable development. He argues that a range of theories of distribution - notably those grounded in ideals of equality, priority and sufficiency - converge on the adoption of the ambitious global climate policy framework known as 'Contraction and Convergence'.Climate Change, Justice and Future Generations will be of great interest to academics and students specialising in environmental ethics, politics and environmental sustainability. It will also be of general interest to those concerned with climate change and the environment.Trade Review‘Climate Change, Justice and Future Generations is a valuable contribution to the debate on both theoretical and applied justice in climate change, and it fills a manifest gap in the current literature. . . Other strengths of the book are the depth and richness of the notes to each chapter, an inexhaustible mine of insights and suggestions for further readings, and the comprehensiveness of the index. These features enrich the authoritativeness of the book and greatly augment its usefulness for scholars and, more generally, for those concerned with the human dimension of climate change in the identification and grasp of its thorny and multifaceted ethical aspects.' -- Marco Grasso, International Environmental Agreements'Page effectively marries the issues raised by climate change science with analytical philosophy to provide a perspective on why or why not measures should be taken to reduce climate change and the risks/harm it poses for future generations. . . a valuable book for politicians and policy makers who seek to change the world and manage its climate.' -- Antoinette M. Mannion, Electronic Green Journal'We are badly in need of ways of understanding global problems that go beyond the current economic paradigms. Climate Change, Justice and Future Generations helps us with this task by effectively linking climate change with some important mainstream work on political justice. It should be a very useful book not just for the classroom and the academy, but also for the realm of policy.' -- Stephen Gardiner, University of Washington, US'The book begins with a detailed account of the science of climate change that is user friendly for non-scientists without sacrificing depth. . . Page's analysis is impressive in both its scope and execution, and has a relevance and potential appeal in a number of fields.' -- Kerri Woods, Political Studies ReviewTable of ContentsContents: 1. Intergenerational Justice in a Warming World 2. Space, Time and the Science of Climate Change 3. Climate Change, Future Generations and the Currency of Justice 4. Climate Change, Future Generations and the Profile of Justice 5. The Non-Reciprocity Problem 6. The Non-Identity Problem 7. Concluding Chapter References Index

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Book SynopsisThis book considers the ways in which transboundary environmental pollution can be remedied through a variety of legal instruments. Particular attention is paid to the pollution of the Songhua river in China, but legal remedies to transboundary pollution are also discussed in a broader context. The focus of the book is on international environmental law and international conventions as well as the application of national environmental law in a transboundary legal context. Thus contributions also concentrate on voluntary approaches, the importance of transboundary environmental impact assessment and the application of national criminal law to transboundary pollution.Not only is transboundary pollution discussed from the perspective of international law, but also from that of the application of national law to transboundary pollution, thus centering on private law, administrative law and criminal law. As such, this book will be of great interest to academics, practitioners and students.Trade Review'Few countries are likely to have a more important global environmental role in coming years than the People's Republic of China. Professors Faure and Song have prepared a remarkable collection of essays that provide valuable insight on one key aspect: China's engagement with issues of liability for environmental damage at the domestic and international levels. There is much to be learnt from the pages of this commendable, rich and accessible work.' -- Philippe Sands QC, University College London and Matrix Chambers, UKTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction and Editorial Preface Michael Faure and Song Ying PART I: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND CONVENTIONS 2. Cluster-Litigation in Cases of Transboundary Environmental Harm André Nollkaemper 3. The Role of International Conventions in Solving Transboundary Pollution Disputes James Harrison 4. Transboundary Vessel-Source Marine Pollution – International Legal Framework and its Application to China Wang Hui 5. ILC Proposal on the Role of Origin State in Transboundary Damage Gou Haibo PART II: NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN A TRANSBOUNDARY LEGAL CONTEXT 6. Applying National Liability Law to Transboundary Pollution: Some Lessons from Europe and the United States Michael Faure and Gerrit Betlem 7. The Joint Governance of Transboundary River Basins: Some Observations on the Role of Law Marjan Peeters 8. A New Look at Environmental Impact Assessments: Using Customary Law to Prevent Domestic and Transboundary Environmental Damage Jack Jacobs 9. Transboundary Environmental Crimes: An Analysis of Chinese and European Law Thomas Richter PART III: THE SONGHUA RIVER POLLUTION CASE 10. Reflections from the Transboundary Pollution of Songhua River Wang Jin, Huang Chiachen and Yan Houfu 11. Pondering Over the Incident of Songhua River Pollution from the Perspective of Environmental Law Wang Canfa, Yu Wen-xuan, Li Dan and Li Jun-hong 12. International Legal Aspect of the Songhua River Incident Song Ying PART IV: COMPARATIVE CONCLUSIONS 13. Comparative and Concluding Remarks Michael Faure and Song Ying Index

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Book SynopsisWhy do power prices seem to be correlated with the carbon price in some markets and not in others? This crucial question is at the centre of Francesco Gulli's enlightening book, through which the contributing authors investigate a number of related issues. In particular, they explore why power firms are not consistent in passing-through into power prices the opportunity cost of carbon. They also examine the relationship between the pass-through mechanism and the structure of the power market.This informative study brings together and interprets original contributions by leading experts from every EU country. Beginning with an overview of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) along with an in-depth analysis of the early results and the theoretical issues involved, the book then goes on to explore the main European power markets via a number of empirical case studies. Overall, this volume offers a genuinely comprehensive analysis on the relationship between carbon and power markets and, as such, will prove a valuable contribution to the debate on the EU ETS and to the literature on the interaction between environmental policy and the structure of environmentally regulated markets.Markets for Carbon and Power Pricing in Europe will be of great interest to researchers and academics within general economics, environmental and energy economics. It will also be warmly welcomed by policymakers, regulators and power sector operators.Trade Review'Whether it concerns environmental economics or law and economics, two areas of science in which I feel well at home, publisher Edward Elgar is a front-runner time and again with relevant and solid publications. This time is no exception, with this book edited by Francesco Gulli -- Edwin Woerdman, Tijdschrift voor EnergierechtTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction Francesco Gullì PART I: OVERVIEW AND THEORETICAL ISSUES 2. The European Emissions Trading Scheme: Overview, Lessons and Perspectives Liliya Chernyavs’ka 3. Modelling the Short-run Impact of ‘Carbon Trading’ on the Electricity Sector Francesco Gullì 4. From Electricity Prices to Electricity Costs: Impact of Emissions Trading on Industry’s Electricity Purchasing Strategies Julia Reinaud PART II: EMPIRICAL ANALYSES 5. Options to Address Concerns Regarding EU ETS-Induced Increases in Power Prices and Generators’ Profits: The Case of Carbon Cost Pass-through in Germany and the Netherlands Jos Sijm, Sebastiaan Hers and Bas Wetzelaer 6. A Vector Error Correction Model of the Interactions Among Gas, Electricity and Carbon Prices: An Application to the Cases of Germany and the United Kingdom Derek W. Bunn and Carlo Fezzi 7. Impacts of the European Emissions Trading Scheme on Finnish Wholesale Electricity Prices Juha Honkatukia, Ville Mälkönen and Adriaan Perrels 8. The Impact of the European Emissions Trading Scheme on Power Prices in Italy: The ‘Load Duration Curve Approach’ Liliya Chernyavs’ka and Francesco Gullì 9. The Joint Impact of Carbon Emissions Trading and Tradable Green Certificates on the Evolution of Liberalized Electricity Markets: The Spanish Case Pedro Linares and Francisco J. Santos Index

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Book SynopsisEnvironmental Policy Integration (EPI) is an innovative policy principle designed to deliver sustainable development. This book offers an unrivalled exploration of its conceptualization and implementation, drawing upon a set of interlinked case studies of the most common implementing instruments and the varied experience of applying them in six OECD states and the EU. Written by a team of international experts, it identifies and explains broad patterns and dynamics in what is an important area of contemporary environmental policy analysis.This insightful account of the state-of-the-art aims to offer a valuable resource for academics interested in environmental politics and policy analysis, as well as the broader, interdisciplinary theme of 'governance for sustainable development'. It will interest advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students taking courses in comparative politics, public administration and environmental politics and policy-making. Given the continuing political relevance of sustainability, it should also appeal to NGOs, think tanks and international bodies attempting to coordinate policies across and within different levels of governance.Trade Review’. . . offering an enjoyable read in comparative politics and policy, it offers a point of reference for understanding the conceptual and empirical possibilities for further research in EPI.' -- Darren McCauley, West European Politics'. . . a bank of internationally based case studies written by leading environmental experts.' -- The Environmentalist'The organisation of th[is] book is exemplary, particularly for an edited volume. . . [A]n impressive intellectual contribution to the understanding of EPI. . . I strongly recommend it to scholars and students. . . and, crucially, also to politicians and civil servants who have attempted (or half-attempted) the task of remedying the historical neglect of environmental issues.' -- Ian Bailey, Environment and Planning C'Good social science may not raise our spirits, but it should improve our policy understanding. Andrew Jordan and Andrea Lenschow have produced a volume that provides a subtle and empirically informed understanding of environmental policy integration, using a design that looks both at the full policy cycle and at cross-national comparisons.' -- From the foreword by Albert Weale FBA, University of Essex, UKTable of ContentsContents: Foreword by Albert Weale Preface PART I: THE CONCEPTUAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT 1. Integrating the Environment for Sustainable Development: An Introduction Andrew Jordan and Andrea Lenschow 2. Instruments for Environmental Policy Integration in 30 OECD Countries Klaus Jacob, Axel Volkery and Andrea Lenschow PART II: THE TOOLBOX OF IMPLEMENTING INSTRUMENTS 3. Administrative Instruments Adriaan Schout and Andrew Jordan 4. Green Budgeting David Wilkinson, David Benson and Andrew Jordan 5. Sustainable Development Strategies Reinhard Steurer 6. Policy Appraisal Julia Hertin, Klaus Jacob and Axel Volkery 7. Strategic Environmental Assessment Olivia Bina PART III: NATIONAL EXPERIENCES AND PROSPECTS 8. The European Union Andrew Jordan, Adriaan Schout and Martin Unfried 9. Germany Rüdiger K. Wurzel 10. Norway William M. Lafferty, Olav Mosvold Larsen and Audun Ruud 11. Sweden Måns Nilsson and Åsa Persson 12. The United Kingdom Duncan Russel and Andrew Jordan 13. The United States of America John Hoornbeek 14. Australia Andrew Ross PART IV: COMPARATIVE CONCLUSIONS 15. Environmental Policy Integration: An Innovation in Environmental Policy? Andrew Jordan and Andrea Lenschow Index

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Book SynopsisCalifornia has a worldwide reputation as a pioneer of innovative policies for the control of air pollution by motor vehicles. Autos, Smog and Pollution Control analyses the difficulties which have been encountered in developing and implementing these policies. Professor Grant uses an analytical framework drawn from the leading theories of public policy formation, such as policy communities, to address the issues raised by California's policy making experience. This study shows how an ambitious attempt to encourage the use of electrically powered vehicles has faced technological constraints, consumer resistance and political opposition. Other policies developed in the state such as dealing with 'gross emitters', trip reduction programmes and the construction of light rail and subway systems are also critically examined. The concluding chapter relates Californian experience to the developing debate in Britain and the European Union about air pollution from motor vehicles.Autos, Smog and Pollution Control will be welcomed for its critical analysis of California's air pollution control policies as well as for the light which it sheds on contemporary theories of policy formation and the changing forces affecting environmental policymaking.Trade Review'This book is both readable and well-researched. As such it is to be recommended to anyone, that is lay (wo)men and experts alike, interested in air pollution policy in the developed world.'Table of ContentsContents: Part I: Introduction Part II: The Air Pollution Problem Part III: The Policy Community Part IV: The Policy Framework Part V: Policy Solutions at a State Level Part VI: Commuter Rail Services in California Part VII: Conclusions

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Book SynopsisRegional Dynamics analyses the process of change that occurs within and between regions. This major two volume reference set includes the most important articles on the causes and consequences of regional change resulting from human activity. Special attention is given to economics and social behaviour and processes and social organization such as industries and governments.Table of ContentsContents: Volume I: Introduction Part I: Regional Change: Process and Theory Part II: Economic Reconstructuring and Industrial Reorganization Part III: Population Dynamics • Volume II: Part I: Technology and Regional Growth Part II: Contraints to Regional Growth Part III: Regional Dynamics Models Index

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Book SynopsisThe Economics of Pollution Control in the Asia Pacific adapts environmental economics to the special conditions of the Asia Pacific region, emphasizing the importance of local conditions and culture. Global warming, air pollution and water pollution are all addressed by a distinguished group of authors who rigorously apply economics to the analysis of pollution control in societies undergoing rapid industrialization. As this pioneering volume demonstrates, citizens of rapidly developing Taiwan and Korea are willing to pay substantial amounts for the protection and improvement of air and water quality, and face potentially huge losses from global climate change. A number of the papers also point to some cost effective alternatives for helping to reduce global greenhouse gas emission. As this major book reveals, the make-up of Asian politico-economic systems has a direct impact on environmental policies, from benefit estimation to instrument choice. As the authors argue, policymakers and researchers in the Asia Pacific cannot draw on European and American methods, arguments and conclusions without considerable modification for regional conditions.Trade Review'The coverage is balanced in terms of applied work, theoretical work and political economy. In the chapters devoted to theory, there are useful illustrations of modelling economic actors in the environmental scene. . . . A number of interesting and valuable insights can be obtained from reading the book. . . . In sum, this is a good collection of papers covering both theory and empirical work on environment economics with a strong focus on countries in East Asia. The book can be used by senior undergraduates or graduates taking an environmental economics course. It is highly recommended.'Table of ContentsContents: 1. Asia Pacific Environmental Economics 2. The Impact of Global Warming on Pacific Rim Countries 3. The Framework Convention and Climate Change Policy in Asia 4. The Impact of Climate Change on Rice Yield in Taiwan 5. Acute Health Effects of Major Air Pollutants in Taiwan 6. What is the Value of Reduced Morbidity in Taiwan? 7. Hedonic Housing Values and Benefits of Air Quality Improvement in Taipei 8. Estimation of the Benefit of Air Quality Improvement: An Application of Hedonic Price Technique in Seoul 9. Measuring the Benefits of Air Quality Improvement in Taipei: A Comparison of Contingent Valuation Elicitation Techniques 10. Exploring the Value of Drinking Water Protection in Seoul, Korea 11. Demand for Environmental Quality: Comparing Models for Contingent Policy Referendum Experiments 12. Hierarchical Government, Environmental Regulations, Transfer Payments and Incomplete Enforcement 13. Political Economy and Pollution Regulation: Price Regulation in Open Lobbying Economies 14. Doubtful Merits of Equal-rate Pigovian Taxes and Tradeable Permits in Controlling Global Pollution 15. Difficulty in Enforcing Efficient Prices for Regulating Shiftable Externalities 16. Optimal Environmental Quality Improvement in a Multi-Goods R&D Growth Model Index

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Book SynopsisThe majority of societies are facing a conflict between the increasing levels of road traffic congestion, especially during peak hours and in urban areas, and a decline in the social acceptability of road expansion. This has led governments as well as non-governmental organizations to consider other methods of reducing road traffic. This book examines the efficiency and feasibility of the regulation of road traffic congestion in theory and practice, and within the context of social and political feasibility.As long ago as the 1920s it was recognized that road pricing offered an efficient means of handling congested road traffic flows. Since then the severity of traffic congestion has increased so dramatically that it has turned the matter from an academic interest into one of the most serious problems affecting urbanized areas and transport arteries today. Increasing transport levels have other important external costs such as environmental effects, noise annoyance and accidents. As a result the need to find effective means of relieving congestion has become an important issue both at the national and local level. This book examines Pigouvian taxes, the most popular policy prescription among economists, as well as considering a variety of other policies which may be more politically and socially acceptable. The contributors discuss alternatives to Pigouvian taxes, as well as congestion and urban development, congestion pricing and road infrastructure investment, and road pricing and urban sustainability. This important and timely book will become an essential reference source for policymakers at the national and local level as well as academics and postgraduate students interested in transport economics and environmental economics.Trade Review'. . . I would recommend this book to those concerned with the field and stress the usefulness of the last section.'Table of ContentsContents: Part I: Theory and Practice before and after Pigou Part II: Efficiency Aspects and Second-Best Policies Part III: Political and Social Feasibility Index

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Book SynopsisEconomic Policy for the Environment and Natural Resources presents some of the most important recent work on the theory and application of environmental policy at both the national and international level. At the national level it focuses on instruments for pollution control. At the international level it discusses measures to promote international cooperation for the protection of the environment.This book covers a wide range of major issues including the legal aspects of environmental protection, environmental policy under oligopolistic conditions, voluntary agreements as a policy instrument, participation in international coalitions and environmental policy in dynamic trade models. In discussing the applications of environmental policy, it includes issues such as the profitability of emission saving techniques, water management and acid rain models.This book will be essential reading for both policymakers and professional economists who are concerned with environmental policy.Trade Review’. . . this book is a collection of several excellent essays.’- Environmental Conservation -- ’. . . the book is important and the analysis presented in the individual papers is cogent.’- Amitrajeet A. Batabyal, Utah State University, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface Introduction 1. Environmental Protection, Producer Insolvency and Lender Liability (M. Boyer, J.-J. Laffont) 2. Environmental Feedbacks and Optimal Taxation in Oligopoly (C. Carraro, A. Soubeyran) 3. Environmental R&D, Spillovers and Optimal Policy Schemes Under Oligopoly (Y. Katsoulacos, A. Xepapadeas) 4. Voluntary Agreements in Environmental Policy: A Theoretical Appraisal (C. Carraro, D. Siniscalco) 5. Environmental Policy and the Choice of the Best Available Technology: An Empirical Assessment (M. Boetti, M. Botteon) 6. Managing Common Access Resources under Production Externalities (A. Xepapadeas) 7. Issue Linkage in Global Environmental Problems (H. Cesar, A. de Zeeuw) 8. Reflections on Multilateral Environmental Agreements (F. Stähler) 9. Standards Versus Taxes in a Dynamic Duopoly Model of Trade (T. Feenstra, P. Kort, P. Verheyen, A. de Zeeuw) 10. International Negotiations on Acid Rain in Northern Europe: A Discrete Time Iterative Process (M. Germain, P. Toint, H. Tulkens) Index

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Book SynopsisControlling Pollution in Transition Economies examines and evaluates the recent experience of implementing pollution charges and the use of environmental permits in Central and Eastern Europe and Russia.The book focuses on controlling point-source air and water pollution. It describes and analyses the experience of implementing pollution charges and fines, and the interactions of these fiscal instruments with systems of pollution permits. The ten country case studies have been written by specialists who have been or are actively involved with the development or revision of pollution charges. Based on the experience of these countries, general conclusions are drawn for implementing pollution charge systems in other contexts. This book will encourage new theoretical and empirical work on the problem of implementing economic instruments (pollution charges), in combination with 'command-and-control' instruments (pollution permits).Practitioners and policy analysts as well as graduate students, academics, researchers and environmental consultants will find this book an important contribution to the existing literature.Trade Review'The book is certainly a valuable read, and from both theoretical and practical sides it provides much background material and information useful for policymakers as well as scientific debate.'Table of ContentsContents: Environmental Policy in the Making: Lessons from Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union 1. Controlling Pollution in Transition Economies: Introduction to the Book and Overview of Economic Concepts (B.A. Larson and R. Bluffstone) 2. A Survey of Pollution Charge Systems and Key Issues in Policy Design (J. Vincent and S. Farrow) 3. Estonia’s Mixed System of Pollution Permits, Standards and Charges (L. Gornaja, E. Kraav, B.A. Larson and K. Türk) 4. Implementing Pollution Permits and Charges in Latvia (J. Brunenieks, A. Kozlovska and B.A. Larson) 5. The Lithuanian Pollution Charge System: Evaluation and Prospects for the Future (D. Semènienè, R. Bluffstone and L. Cekanavucius) 6. Pollutions Charges in Russia: The Experience of 1990–1995 (M. Kozeltsev and A. Markandya) 7. Integration of Pollution Charge Systems with strict Performance Standards: The Experience of the Czech Republic (Z. Stepanek) 8. Environmental Emission Charges ad Air Quality Protection in Hungary: Recent Practice and Future Prospects (G.E. Morris, J. Tiderenczl and P. Kovács) 9. Environmental Charges in Poland (G.D. Anderson and B. Fiedor) 10. Implementation of Pollution Charge Systems in a Transition Economy: The Case of Slovakia (T.H. Owen, J. Myjvec and D. Jassikova) 11. Implementation of Pollution Charges and Fines in Bulgaria (N. Matev and N.I. Novov 12. The Road to Creating an Integrated Pollution Charge and Permitting System in Romania (C.F. Zinnes) 13. Implementing Pollution Permit and Charge Systems in Transition Economies: A Possible Blueprint (R.Bluffstone and B.A. Larson) Index

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Book SynopsisEnvironment and Technology in the Former USSR makes a major contribution to the literature, providing new perspectives on power engineering, power generation and associated environmental issues of atmospheric pollution in the former Soviet Union. It considers the consequences of acid rain emissions for neighbouring countries and the technological and commercial factors which influence these levels of pollution. The book begins by providing a contextual and technical background on the capacities, ages, scale of atmospheric pollution and fuel mix of the power generation industry in the former USSR. After establishing the industrial and technical facts using a wide range of Western and Russian literature and placing these in an international context, the author explores possible policy solutions for reducing acid rain emissions and improving power generation efficiency. The main policy prescription considered is the use of technology transfer from the West to the former Soviet Union. Using published data and case study research, the author evaluates the volume and rate of technology transfer, and the current stage of those engaged in, or potential recipients of, Western power engineering technologies. The analysis then extends to consider the political, economic and commercial factors affecting these levels of technological diffusion and future technological developments in the industry.This book will be of special interest to government officials, international agencies, academics and technical and commercial personnel with business interests in Russia.Trade Review'Hill makes an important contribution to the literature, providing new perspectives on power engineering, power generation, and associated environmental issues of atmospheric pollution in the former Soviet Union . . . the book also provides a clear example of the problems with respect to environment and technology that still remain in the former Soviet Union as a result of past policies.'Table of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. Atmospheric Pollution in the Former USSR – Dimensions and Context 3. Fuels and Combustion 4. Combustion Processes 5. Power Generation in the Former USSR 6. Technology Transfer for Reduced Environmental Pollution in the Former USSR – the Roles of Western and Russian Companies 7. Political, Economic and Commercial Factors 8. Comments, Conclusions and Suggestions for Further Research Index

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Book SynopsisThis important new book presents a state-of-the-art assessment of how economic models can be used by different levels of government to combat environmental problems. It considers policies for climate change and transport that can be used at federal and confederal levels of government.The authors examine the unique aspects of environmental policy making in a multi-layered government using empirical case studies covering Europe and the US. They consider the causes of pollution at three levels - federal government, local government and industries and firms. Concentrating on greenhouse gas abatement and the transport sector, they use quantitative techniques to compare alternative policy solutions. This quantitative approach overcomes problems of some inconclusive theoretical prescriptions, which often depend on combinations of particular parameter values. In addition, this method makes it possible to investigate the costs and benefits of a particular solution, and the distribution effects between different groups. This approach also provides insights into the economic consequences of the application of local versus national or federal policies. Climate Change, Transport and Environmental Policy provides the necessary analysis required for environmental policy making in that it uses a quantitative approach to balance the costs and benefits of alternative policy options.Climate Change, Transport and Environmental Policy is an important addition to the literature and will be welcomed by environmental policymakers at the local, regional, national and international level as well as scholars and postgraduate students in environmental economics and public policy.Trade Review'As a whole, the book is quite impressive. It takes a fresh look at a number of critical problems, and gives us a number of constructive insights . . . this reader believes that the book belongs on the shelf of any serious practitioner in this field. It also could prove to be quite beneficial as supplemental reading for graduate-level classes in environmental economics.'Table of ContentsContents: 1. Introductory 2. Alternative CO2 Abatement Strategies for the European Union 3. National Economic Impacts of an EU Environmental Policy: An Applied General Equilibrium Analysis 4. Environmental Fiscal Reforms in a Federal Europe 5. Coordinated versus non-coordinated European Energy/Carbon Tax Solutions Analysed with GEM-E3 Linking the EU-12 Countries 6. Who’s in the Driver’s Seat? Mobile Source Policy in the US Federal System 7. Deriving and Selecting Policy Instruments to Meet Air Quality Standards in the European Union 8. Central Versus Local Regulation of Gasoline Related Automobile Emissions: The Contrasting Cases of Lead, CO and Precursors 9. Regional and Federal Interests in Transport and Environmental Policy Making: The Case of Belgium Contributors: J. Braden, C. Böhringer, B. de Borger, P. Capros, C. Carraro, K. Conrad, Z. Degraeve, C. Denis, M. Ferris, M. Galeotti, P. Georgakopoulous, J.V. Hall, W. Harrington, G.J. Koopman, V. McConnell, S. Ochelen, S. Proost, D. van Regemorter, T.F. Rutherford, T. Schmidt, D. Swysen, L. Teunen, M. Walls, S. Zografakis

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Book SynopsisEconomic Policy and Climate Change focuses on the design, implementation and consequences of a feasible system of tradable carbon permits to reduce greenhouse gas emissions within the context of the European Union.Economic instruments are considered fundamental in reducing atmospheric pollution, especially carbon dioxide emissions. This important book outlines the design of an achievable system of tradable emission permits in the EU. It considers the distribution of permits, the problem of monitoring and enforcement and the possibility that the system might create a barrier to potential entrants to industry. This is especially important because entry barriers will affect the whole economy and long-term industry dynamics. The analysis then extends to consider the use of tradable permits and taxes in the context of international cooperation on emissions reduction. International agreements are examined within the framework of a second-best, two country model in which governments reduce emissions and raise revenue simultaneously. The author concludes that it is not welfare-maximizing to trade permits between countries if emission limits and side-payments have not first been agreed.This book will be of special interest to environmental economists, environmentalists and policymakers.Trade Review'I found Koutstaal's approach a useful contribution to the debate. . . I think that this book will be a very interesting introduction to the design of environmental economic instruments to policymakers interested in the use of them at an international level.'Table of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. Designing a System of Tradable Carbon Permits for the EU 3. Entry Barriers and Tradable Permits: Overview and Transaction Costs 4. Entry Barriers and Tradable Permits: Imperfect Capital Markets and Exclusion 5. Coordination of Environmental Policy in a Second-best World 6. Tradable Permits and Coordination of Environmental Policy in a Second-best World 7. Conclusions Index

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Book SynopsisPollution and the Firm is an important book which presents new concepts of the marginal cost of substituting non-pollutive for pollutive goods. Technical in its approach it complements the other literature in the field and will be a significant contribution to the understanding of microeconomic issues in pollution control. The book focuses on three main concepts: substitutions in consumption, emission abatement and exposure avoidance. The first part considers the adjustment of the scope and combination of goods produced as a method for controlling pollution. The author argues that pollution is controlled by increasing the relative price of the polluting good in the production process; thereby reducing demand and subsequent production of the good. In the second part the discussion is extended to include the possibilities of preventing or abating emissions in relation to three models: first, pollution prevention when non-polluting inputs and processes are substituted for pollutants; second, when a proportion of the polluting output is recycled rather than being discarded; and finally end-of-pipe abatement where additional technology is used. In conclusion the author assesses the extent to which pollution damage is controlled by avoidance of emissions, with avoidance being modelled as an add-on technology with its own returns to scale.This important book combines theories of the firm with a welfare economics approach to pollution control, and will be welcomed by environmental and resource economists as well as microeconomists with an interest in environmental issues.Trade Review'I am sure that, for an economist, this text will contribute a great deal to the debate on welfare economic techniques for reducing pollution from firms. The style of the book is very technical and will be welcomed by specialists in the field of environmental and resource economics.'Table of ContentsContents: Part I: Controlling Pollution by Adjusting the Combination of Goods Produced Part II: Controlling Pollution by Preventing or Abating Emissions and by Adjusting the Combination of Goods Produced Part III: Controlling Pollution by Avoiding Exposure, by Preventing or Abating Emissions, and by Adjusting the Combination of Goods Produced Index

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Book SynopsisImproving urban air quality has become a policy priority for the European Union, national governments and city authorities as more evidence comes to light of the harmful health effects of road traffic pollution. This book clearly illustrates how to work towards effective policies for improved urban air quality.The authors argue that designing and implementing successful policies is not just a matter of deciding on the most appropriate technological solutions. A process of institution building has to take place which works towards consensus among a variety of potentially divergent interests; from the police and highway authorities to business interests and citizens. Making use of policy network theory, this volume presents studies of attempts to build such coalitions, and the factors that have often frustrated them, in countries such as Canada, France, Italy and Switzerland. This book provides a major contribution to the theoretical and empirical understanding of the policies needed to combat road traffic pollution.The Politics of Improving Urban Air Quality will prove invaluable to scholars of environmental studies and public policy.Table of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. When Policy Networks Collide: The Institutional Dynamic of Air Pollution Policy-making in two Canadian Cities 3. ‘Soft’ Institutions for Hard Problems: Instituting Air Pollution Policies in Three Italian Regions 4. Improving Air Quality in Italian Cities: The Outcome of an Emergency Policy Style 5. Shifting Tools and Shifting Meanings in Urban Traffic Policy: The Case of Turin 6. Changing Definitions and Networks in Clean Air Policy in France 7. Lyon’s Urban Transportation Policy and the Air Quality Problem: A Policy Network Approach 8. Clean Air and Transport Policy in Switzerland: The Case of Berne 9. Conclusion: Institution Building for Sustainable Urban Mobility Policies Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe siting of locally obnoxious but nationally relevant and necessary facilities such as sewage treatment plants, landfills, dams and nuclear power stations is an important issue in public policy planning. In view of the negative externalities such as declining property prices, health threats, and air, water and noise pollution imposed on the local communities that house them, the location of these facilities generates a consensus among the general public aptly termed 'not-in-my-backyard' or NIMBY syndrome.Drawing on the experiences of North America, Europe, Oceania and Asia, this book offers a comprehensive review of existing conflict-resolution instruments used in the siting of these facilities. The authors highlight in particular legal and command instruments such as zoning and compulsory acquisition of land, and economic incentives such as compensation and mitigation.Using elements from areas such as game theory and risk analysis and the use of compensation auction mechanisms, the authors present a series of decision steps to provide a credible alternative methodology designed to minimise such conflicts. This innovative study will be welcomed by all those with an interest in environmental and public policy planning.Trade Review'Although innumerable books and articles have been written on the various techniques that bear on solutions to the complex of problems involved, this book, written by an acknowledged specialist in the field, is the first really comprehensive treatment of all existing methodologies and techniques currently in use or proposed. Thoroughly up-to-date, eminently readable, and rich in actual examples, Quah and Tan's book is essential reading for students and profitable reading for all economists interested in resource allocation and project evaluation. Assuredly it will become the standard work in this fascinating and challenging field for years to come.'Table of ContentsContents: Preface Part I: The Siting Dilemma 1. Introduction 2. Nature of NIMBY Facilities Part II: Existing Solutions and Economic Valuation 3. Conflict Resolution Instruments and General Compensation 4. Environmental Valuation Part III: Alternative Solutions and Auctions 5. Nature and Types of Auctions 6. Review of Compensation Auction Methods Part IV: The Siting Process 7. Some Experiments on Compensation Auction Methods 8. Risk Analysis and Uncertainty 9. Sequential Multi-Stage Criteria for Siting NIMBYs 10. Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisEconomic Incentives are playing an increasingly important role in pollution control.This authoritative collection - edited by leading contributors to the field - presents the most important published work on the legal and economic instruments and institutions which have been used during the last thirty years to control pollution. The papers focus on issues of instrument design, implementation, enforcement and evaluation, and consider strategies for coping with uncertainty and 'second-best' situations.Table of ContentsContents: Introduction Part I: General Comparative Theory 1. Bruno S. Frey, Friedrich Schneider and Werner Pommerehne (1985), ‘Economists’ Opinions on Environmental Policy Instruments: Analysis of a Survey’ 2. W.J. Baumol and David F. Bradford (1972), ‘Detrimental Externalities and Non-Convexity of the Production Set’ 3. John Pezzey (1992), ‘The Symmetry Between Controlling Pollution by Price and Controlling It By Quantity’ Part II: Instruments A Fees and Charges 4. Thomas H. Tietenberg (1973), ‘Specific Taxes and the Control of Pollution: A General Equilibrium Analysis’ 5. Susan Rose-Ackerman (1973), ‘Effluent Charges: A Critique’ 6. Wallace E. Oates and Diana L. Strassmann (1984), ‘Effluent Fees and Market Structure’ 7. Gardner M. Brown, Jr. and Ralph W. Johnson (1984), ‘Pollution Control by Effluent Charges: It Works in the Federal Republic of Germany, Why Not in the US?’ 8. Kenneth E. Train, William B. Davis and Mark D. Levine (1997), ‘Fees and Rebates on New Vehicles: Impacts on Fuel Efficiency, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Consumer Surplus’ B Tradable Permits 9. William J. Baumol and Wallace E. Oates (1971), ‘The Use of Standards and Prices for Protection of the Environment’ 10. W. David Montgomery (1972), ‘Markets in Licenses and Efficient Pollution Control Programs’ 11. Randolph M. Lyon (1982), ‘Auctions and Alternative Procedures for Allocating Pollution Rights’ 12. Robert W. Hahn (1984), ‘Market Power and Transferable Property Rights’ 13. Robert N. Stavins (1995), ‘Transaction Costs and Tradeable Permits’ 14. Jonathan D. Rubin (1996), ‘A Model of Intertemporal Emission Trading, Banking, and Borrowing’ C Command-and-Control 15. David Besanko (1987), ‘Performance versus Design Standards in the Regulation of Pollution’ 16. Brian Beavis and Ian Dobbs (1987), ‘Firm Behaviour under Regulatory Control of Stochastic Environmental Wastes by Probabilistic Constraints’ 17. James M. Buchanan and Gordon Tullock (1975), ‘Polluters’ Profits and Political Response: Direct Controls Versus Taxes’ 18. Howard K. Gruenspecht (1982), ‘Differentiated Regulation: The Case of Auto Emissions Standards’ 19. Gloria E. Helfand (1991), ‘Standards versus Standards: The Effects of Different Pollution Restrictions’ Part III: Implementation Issues 20. Peter Bohm and Clifford S. Russell (1985), ‘Comparative Analysis of Alternative Policy Instruments’ 21. Hans Th. A. Bressers (1988), ‘A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Incentives and Directives: The Case of Dutch Water Quality Policy’ 22. Albert L. Nichols (1982), ‘The Importance of Exposure in Evaluating and Designing Environmental Regulations: A Case Study’ 23. Wallace E. Oates, Paul R. Portney and Albert M. McGartland (1989), ‘The Net Benefits of Incentive-Based Regulation: A Case Study of Environmental Standard Setting’ 24. T.H. Tietenberg (1990), ‘Economic Instruments for Environmental Regulation’ 25. Erik Verhoef, Peter Nijkamp and Piet Rietveld (1995), ‘Second-Best Regulation of Road Transport Externalities’ Part IV: Enforcement 26. Mary E. Deily and Wayne B. Gray (1991), ‘Enforcement of Pollution Regulations in a Declining Industry’ 27. H. Landis Gabel and Bernard Sinclair-Desgagné (1993), ‘Managerial Incentives and Environmental Compliance’ 28. Jon D. Harford (1978), ‘Firm Behavior Under Imperfectly Enforceable Pollution Standards and Taxes’ 29. Winston Harrington (1988), ‘Enforcement Leverage When Penalties Are Restricted’ 30. Wesley A. Magat and W. Kip Viscusi (1990), ‘Effectiveness of the EPA’s Regulatory Enforcement: The Case of Industrial Effluent Standards’ 31. Clifford S. Russell (1990), ‘Monitoring and Enforcement’ 32. Joseph E. Swierzbinski (1994), ‘Guilty Until Proven Innocent – Regulation with Costly and Limited Enforcement’ Part V: Cost-Effectiveness: Empirical Studies 33. Scott E. Atkinson and T.H. Tietenberg (1982), ‘The Empirical Properties of Two Classes of Designs for Transferable Discharge Permit Markets’ 34. William O’Neil, Martin David, Christina Moore and Erhard Joeres (1983), ‘Transferable Discharge Permits and Economic Efficiency: The Fox River’ 35. Eugene P. Seskin, Robert J. Anderson, Jr. and Robert O. Reid (1983), ‘An Empirical Analysis of Economic Strategies for Controlling Air Pollution’ Part VI: Uncertainty 36. Zvi Adar and James M. Griffin (1976) ‘Uncertainty and the Choice of Pollution Control Instruments’ 37. Marc J. Roberts and Michael Spence (1976), ‘Effluent Charges and Licenses Under Uncertainty’ 38. Martin L. Weitzman (1974), ‘Prices vs. Quantities’ Name Index

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Book SynopsisThis innovative book examines the role an automobile emissions tax could play in reducing emissions in the United States. The author concludes that an emissions tax has the potential to reduce emissions from households vehicles significantly, even when travel demand is relatively price inelastic. Beginning with a theoretical discussion of a first-best tax, a second-best tax on passenger vehicles is developed. This study contains detailed analyses of: the design of the tax behavioural responses that lead to emissions reductions, including reductions in the household's vehicle miles of travel and the scrapping of low-value, high emitting vehicles the effect of the tax on the reduction of emissions the effect of the tax on households in different income quintiles the emissions reducing potential of a gasoline tax compared to an emissions tax This study uses a simulation model to analyse the sensitivity of travel demand and the resulting emissions, to different tax rates and demand elasticities. The author concludes that an emissions tax has the potential to reduce emissions from household vehicles significantly, even when travel demand is relatively price inelastic.Taxing Automobile Emissions for Pollution Control will prove invaluable to policymakers and academics in the field of environmental management and environmental economics and policy.Trade Review'This important and seminal book examines a proposed system of emissions taxes based on vehicle discharges, as an alternative to our present cumbersome, costly, and not highly successful system relying on direct controls. . . . this book is the first rigorous and thorough examination of such an emissions charge system. . . . Maureen Sevigny has professionally and carefully, as a scientifically cautious scholar, made an analysis of a specific air quality plan. Everyone concerned with bad air from motor vehicle emissions should note this study. . . . This work should not be ignored. It is a nice piece of analysis.' -- Stanley G. Long, Transportation JournalTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. Designing a Tax on Mobile Source Emissions 3. Effects on Travel Demand and Maintenance 4. The TIERS Model 5. Modelling the Scrappage Effect of the Tax 6. Summary and Conclusions Index

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Book SynopsisIndustrialization to achieve economic development has resulted in global environmental degradation. While the impacts of industrial activity on the natural environment are a major concern in developed countries, much less is known about these impacts in developing countries. This source book identifies and quantifies the environmental consequences of industrial growth, and provides policy advice, including the use of clean technologies and environmentally sound production techniques, with special reference to the developing world.The developing world is often seen as having a high percentage of heavily polluting activities within its industrial sector. This, combined with a substantial agricultural sector, which contributes to deforestation, the erosion of the top soil and desertification, has lead to extreme pressures on the environment and impoverishes the population by destroying its natural resource base. This crisis suggests that sound industrialization policies are of paramount importance in a developing countries' economic development, and calls for the management of natural resources and the adoption of low-waste or environmentally clean technologies. The authors consider the industrial sector as a pollutant vis-a-vis other sectors of the economy, and then focus on some industry-specific pollutants within the manufacturing sector and some process-specific industrial pollutants. They conclude by reviewing the economic implications of promoting environmentally sound industrial development, specifically addressing the question of the conflict or complementarity which may exist between environmental goods and industrial production.The book will be essential to those working in industry, development and environmental economics.Table of ContentsContents: 1. Industry and the Environment 2. Industry and Natural Resources 3. Industrial Pollution 4. Processes and Pollution in Selected Industries 5. Economic Implications of Industrial Pollution Abatement 6. Conclusions References

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Book SynopsisThis companion to Accounting for Resources, 1 tracks the life cycle of specific elements, such as chlorine and heavy metals, in order to estimate the generation and dissipative losses of material wastes.The book begins with a succinct review of the life-cycle analysis methodology and evaluates some of its weaknesses in estimating the generation of waste. The authors propose a new quantitative measure of the potential for environmental harm of waste materials. They include case studies to add weight to their proposal. Four horizontal life-cycle case studies are included; one for chlorine and chlorine chemicals; one for mercury; one for arsenic and cadmium; and the other for copper, lead and zinc. The book also includes a longitudinal study of heavy metals use and dissipation, during the period 1880-1980 with reference to the Hudson-Raritan basin. The book concludes with an overview, including some recommendations for future research and for policy changes with respect to governmental statistical data collection and organization.Trade Review'This detailed and comprehensive presentation of years of research and thought by the authors, demonstrates that they have made substantial progress towards their goal. This is an important and impressive publication. Important, because it provides the most comprehensive examination of the physical workings of the industrial economy of the United States known to exist. Impressive, because it represents the efforts of only two individuals whose span of technical competence makes them truly unique. The book, which contains both general overview, and detailed technical chapters, has something for everyone with an interest in this subject . . . This book is a major contribution towards understanding what is required to bring our industrial economy into harmony with our environment. To accomplish this, the authors, by their own admission, were required to do considerable detective work. In doing this hard work they have made the task of those who follow considerably easier.' -- Donald G. Rogich, Journal of Industrial EcologyTable of ContentsContents: Introduction 1. Mass Balance and the Life-Cycle Perspective 2. The Problem of Measurement 3. The Life Cycle of Chlorine: I 4. The Life Cycle of Chlorine: II 5. Accounting for Mercury 6. Accounting for Arsenic and Cadmium 7. Accounting for Copper, Lead and Zinc 8. An Historical Reconstruction of Anthropogenic Pollutant Emissions in the Hudson–Raritan Basin 1880–1980 9. Environmental Statistics and Measures of Sustainability Appendices References Index

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Book SynopsisEnvironmental and animal studies are rapidly growing areas of interest across a number of disciplines. Natures of Africa is one of the first edited volumes which encompasses transdisciplinary approachesto a number of cultural forms, including fiction, non-fi ction, oral expression and digital media. The volume features new research from East Africa and Zimbabwe, as well as the ecocritical and eco-activist‘powerhouses’ of Nigeria and South Africa.The chapters engage one another conceptually andepistemologically without an enforced consensus of approach. In their conversation with dominant ideas about nature and animals, they reveal unexpected insights into forms of cultural expression of local communities in Africa. The analyses explore different apprehensions of the connections between humans, animals and the environment, and suggest alternative ways of addressing the challenges facing the continent. These include the problems of global warming, desertification, floods, animal extinctions and environmental destruction attendant upon fossil fuel extraction. There are few books that show how nature in Africa is represented, celebrated, mourned or commoditised. Natures of Africa weavestogether studies of narratives – from folklore, travel writing, novels and popular songs – with the insights of poetry and contemporary reflections of Africa on the worldwide web. The chapters test disciplinary and conceptual boundaries, highlighting the ways in which the environmental concerns of African communities cannot be disentangled from social, cultural and political questions.This volume draws on and will appeal to scholars and teachers of oral tradition and indigenous cultures, literature, religion, sociologyand anthropology, environmental and animal studies, as well as media and digital cultures in an African context.Table of Contents Foreword Chapter 1: “Here is some baobab leaf!”: Sunjata, foodways and biopiracy Chapter 2: Shona as a land-based nature-culture: A study of the (re)construction of Shona land mythology in popular songs Chapter 3: The environment as significant Other: The green nature of Shona indigenous religion Chapter 4: Animal praise poetry and the Samburu desire to survive Chapter 5: Voluntourism paradoxes: Strategic visual tropes of the natural on South African voluntourism websites Chapter 6: Toward ecocriticism in Africa: Literary aesthetics in African environmental literature Chapter 7: Critical intersections: Ecocriticism, globalised cities and African narrative, with a focus on K. Sello Duiker’s Thirteen Cents Chapter 8: Navigating Gariep country: Writing nature and culture in Borderline by William Dicey Chapter 9: Negotiating identity in a vanishing geography: Home, environment and displacement in Helon Habila’s Oil on Water Chapter 10: Animal narrators in Patrice Nganang’s Dog Days: An Animal Chronicle and Alain Mabanckou’s Memoirs of a Porcupine Chapter 11: Nature, animism and humanity in Anglophone Nigerian poetry Chapter 12: Animals, nostalgia, and Zimbabwe’s rural landscape in the poetry of Chenjerai Hove and Musaemura Zimunya About the Authors Acknowledgements Notes

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Book SynopsisThe book presents a comprehensive study of the percolation of water from surface runoff with a focus on the retention capacity and intensity of precipitation.Discussing the state of the art in scientific knowledge and solutions for the infiltration of water from surface runoff, the book addresses a wide variety of rainwater management issues, from precipitation, surface runoff and water infiltration, to impact on the drainage system. Although modern urban hydrology has improved the management of rainwater runoff for flood protection, public health, and environmental protection, current methods of drainage in urban areas mean that there is a continued threat to the regime of water flow and water resources. In this context, the book presents a new approach to rainwater management based on a unique fusion of hydrology, hydrogeology, urban engineering, and water management. It also includes research findings that are helpful in developing recommendations and technical guidelines for the use of infiltration systems in urban areas.Table of Contents1. Introduction 2. Urban hydrology 2.2 Rainwater management in urban areas 2.3 Infiltration processes2.4 Role of infiltration in flood management 3. Research of rainwater infiltration 3.1 Study area 3.2 Experimental research 3.3 Numerical analysis 4. Percolation facilities a. Precipitation monitoring b. Determination of filtration coefficient c. Model of emptying time 5. Legislation – technical standards 6. Results of research – design of percolation facility 7. Recommendations

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Book SynopsisThis book reports on the development of nanostructured metal-oxide-based electrode materials for use in water purification. The removal of organic pollutants and heavy metals from wastewater is a growing environmental and societal priority. This book thus focuses primarily on new techniques to modify the nanostructural properties of various solvent-electrolyte combinations to address these issues. Water treatment is becoming more and more challenging due to the ever increasing complexity of the pollutants present, requiring alternative and complementary approaches toward the removal of toxic chemicals, heavy metals and micro-organisms, to name a few. This contributed volume cuts across the fields of electrochemistry, water science, materials science, and nanotechnology, while presenting up-to-date experimental results on the properties and synthesis of metal-oxide electrode materials, as well as their application to areas such as biosensing and photochemical removal of organic wastewater pollutants. Featuring an introductory chapter on electrochemical cells, this book is well positioned to acquaint interdisciplinary researchers to the field, while providing topical coverage of the latest techniques and methodology. It is ideal for students and research professionals in water science, materials science, and chemical and civil engineering.Table of ContentsThe dynamic degradation efficiency of major organic pollutants from wastewater.- Synthesis and fabrication of photoactive nanocomposite electrodes for the degradation of wastewater pollutants.- The essence of electrochemical measurements on corrosion characterization and electrochemistry application.- Electrochemical cells.- Properties and synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles in electrochemistry.- Metal oxide nanomaterials for biosensor application.- Metal oxide nanomaterials for electrochemical detection of heavy metals in water.- Application of metal oxides electrodes.- Application of modified metal oxide electrodes in photoelectrochemical removal of organic pollutants from wastewater.- Metal oxide nanocomposites for adsorption and photoelectrochemical degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants

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Book SynopsisThis practical handbook provides a clearly structured, concise and comprehensive account of the huge variety of atmospheric and related measurements relevant to meteorologists and for the purpose of weather forecasting and climate research, but also to the practitioner in the wider field of environmental physics and ecology. The Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements is divided into six parts: The first part offers instructive descriptions of the basics of atmospheric measurements and the multitude of their influencing factors, fundamentals of quality control and standardization, as well as equations and tables of atmospheric, water, and soil quantities. The subsequent parts present classical in-situ measurements as well as remote sensing techniques from both ground-based as well as airborn or satellite-based methods. The next part focusses on complex measurements and methods that integrate different techniques to establish more holistic data. Brief discussions of measurements in soils and water, at plants, in urban and rural environments and for renewable energies demonstrate the potential of such applications. The final part provides an overview of atmospheric and ecological networks. Written by distinguished experts from academia and industry, each of the 64 chapters provides in-depth discussions of the available devices with their specifications, aspects of quality control, maintenance as well as their potential for the future. A large number of thoroughly compiled tables of physical quantities, sensors and system characteristics make this handbook a unique, universal and useful reference for the practitioner and absolutely essential for researchers, students, and technicians. Table of ContentsPart A: Basics of Atmospheric Measuring Techniques.- Introduction to Atmospheric Measurements.- Principles of Measurements.- Quality Assurance and Control.- Standardization in Atmospheric Measurements.- Physical Quantities.- Part B: In-situ Measuring Techniques.- Ground based platforms.- Temperature Sensors.- Humidity Sensors.- Wind Sensors.- Pressure Sensors.- Radiation Sensors.- Precipitation Measurements.- Visibility Sensors.- Electricity Measurements.- Radioactivity Sensors.- Gas Analysers and Laser Techniques.- Measurements of Stabile Isotopes.- Measurement of Fundamental Aerosol Physical Properies. Methods of Sampling Trace Substances in Air.- Optical Fiber-Based Distributed Sensing Methods.- Odor measurements.- Visual Observations.- Part C: Remote Sensing Techniques (Ground-Based).- Sodar and RASS.- Backscatter Lidar for Aerosol and Cloud Profiling.- Raman Lidar for Water-Vapor and Temperature Profiling.- Doppler Wind Lidar.- Spectrometers.- Passive Solar and Microwave Spectral Radiometers.- Radar Wind Profiler.- Radar in the mm-Range.- High-Frequency Radar.- Scintillometer.- Acoustic Tomography.- GNSS Water Vapor Tomography.- Part D: Remote Sensing Techniques (Space and Aircraft-based).- Satellite and Aircraft Remote Sensing Platforms.- Airborne Lidar.- Airborne Radar. - Airborne Solar Radiation Sensors.- Spaceborne Mircrowave Radiometry.- Spaceborne Microwave Radiometery.- Imaging Techniques.- Part E: Complex Measuring Systems – Methods and Applications.- Atmospherice Measurements for Different Purposes.- Crowdsourcing.- Mesometeorological Networks.- Aerological Measurements.- Composite Atmospheric Profiling.- Aircraft-Based Flux Density Measurements.- Unmanned Aircraft Systems.- Ground-based Mobile Measurement Systems.- Measurements Systems for Wind, Solar, and Hydro Power Applications.- Urban Measurement and their Interpretation.- Immission and Dry Deposition.- Eddy-Covariance Measurements.- Alternative Turbulent Trace GAs Flux Measurement Methods.- Evapotranspiration Measurements and Calculations.- Lysimeter.- Plant Chamber Measurements.- Soil Chamber Measurements.- Soil Measurements.- Water Measurements.- Part F: Measurements Networks.- Networks of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques.- Integration of Meteorological and Ecological Measurements.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a sister volume to Volume 20 of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering Series, "Integrated Natural Resources Management", and expands on the themes of that volume by addressing the conservation and protection of natural resources in an environmental engineering context through state-of-the-art research methodologies and technologies. With a focus on water and wastewater treatment, the book takes a multidisciplinary approach to provide readers with an understanding of developments in natural resources technology over the last few decades, and how technology and industry methods will progress to ensure cleaner and sustainable methods of natural resources management. The key topics covered include biological activated carbon treatment for recycling biotreated wastewater, composting for food processing wastes, treatment of wastewater from chemical industries, agricultural waste as a low-cost adsorbent, and the invention, design and construction of potable water dissolved air flotation and filtration plants. The book will be useful to environmental resources engineers, researchers, water treatment plant managers, chemical engineers, industrial plant managers, and environmental conservation agencies. Table of ContentsChapter1. Fenton oxidation and biological activated carbon treatment for recycling biotreated coking plant wastewater.- Chapter2. Composting for food processing wastes.- Chapter3. Treatment of wastewaters from chemical industries.- Chapter4. Agricultural waste as a low-cost adsorbent.- Chapter5. Waste vegetable oils, fats and cooking oils in biodiesel production.- Chapter6. Wastewater treatment by chemical coagulation, precipitation , sedimentation and flotation.- Chapter7. Water quality control of tidal rivers and estuaries.- Chapter8. First wave of flotation technology evolution: once the world's largest daf-filtration plant and its hydroelectric facility.- Chapter9. Cationic surfactant analysis with good laboratory practice and waste management.- Chapter10. Treatment of laundromat wastewater by physicochemical and flotation processes.- Chapter11. Book review.- Chapter12. Glossary of water quality, treatment and recovery.

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Book Synopsis This book focuses on threats, especially contaminants, to drinking water and the supply system, especially in municipalities but also in industrial and even residential settings. The safety, security, and suitability landscape can be described as dynamic and complex stemming from necessity and hence culpability due to the emerging threats and risks, vis-a-vis globalization resulting in new forms of contaminants being used due to new technologies. The book provides knowledge and guidance for engineers, scientists, designers, researchers, and students who are involved in water, sustainability, and study of security issues. This book starts out with basics of water usage, current statistics, and an overview ofwater resources. The book then introduces different scenarios of safety and security and areas that researchers need to focus. Following that, the book presents different types of contaminants – inadvertent, intentional, or incidental. The next section presents different methodologies of contamination sensing/detection and remediation strategies as per guidance and standards set globally. The book then concludes with selected chapters on water management, including critical infrastructure that is critical to maintaining safe water supplies to cities and municipalities. Each chapter includes descriptive information for professionals in their respective fields. The breadth of chapters offers insights into how science (physical, natural, and social) and technology can support new developments to manage the complexity resident within the evolving threat and risk landscape.Table of Contents1. Water – Safety, Security and Sustainability.- 2. Globalization and Water.- 3. New thoughts on Security Studies – Traditional and non-traditional Security concepts.- 4. Overview of Threats and Risks – Critical infrastructure.- 5. Water Management – Futuristic Scenarios.- 6. Nanomaterials And Their Role In Removing Contaminants From Wastewater - A Critical Review.- 7. Polymeric Nanocomposite Membranes For Water Filtration.- 8. Electrospun Nanomaterials: Applications In Water Remediation.- 9. Water Treatment By Green Coagulants - Nature At Rescue.- 10. Application Of System Approach And System Standards In Water Safety Plans Development And Implementation.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides extensive information on the chemicals that inhabit our environment, our food, our water and our air and the impact that they may be having on human health. The author is a medical scientist, with training in the law. The book documents current understanding about pesticides in food, the plastics revolution, toxic metals, air, water and electronic waste pollutants, chemical exposure in the workplace, radiation pollutants, chemical exposure and hearing loss, how our bodies deal with chemicals, genetic variability and the risk of disease, the effect of chemicals on genes, mitochondria and the immune system and what we can do about it all. Industrialisation has resulted in many thousands of chemicals, which are being continuously developed and often escaping from where they are used into our human environment, without us really knowing enough about them. In high dosages or with continuous small dosage, the evidence suggests, that many of them could interfere with human health and some of them are known to be doing so. But for the vast majority, we are left wondering whether some could be responsible for some diseases the causes of which are inadequately understood. Every chapter is thoroughly reinforced with several pages of references from the peer-reviewed literature.Table of ContentsPreface: Julian Cribb, FRSA FTSE Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2: Pesticides in our food Chapter 3. The plastics revolution Chapter 4. Toxic metals Chapter 5. The Indestructibles Chapter 6. Air pollutants Chapter 7. Chemicals from paper manufacture and use Chapter 8. Chemical exposure in the workplace Chapter 9. Fluorocarbons Chapter 10: Radiation Chapter 11. How do our bodies deal with chemicals? Chapter 12: Genetic variability and the risk of disease – the advantages and disadvantages of being different Chapter 13. Environmental chemicals and our genes Chapter 14. Environmental chemicals and mitochondria Chapter 15. Environmental chemicals and our immune system Chapter 16: Just because the amounts are small, does it mean they are safe? Chapter 17. What can we do for a better future?

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a comprehensive review of how plastic pollution is affecting fresh and marine waters, and what the current challenges in plastic waste assessment and management in the aquatic environment are. Plastic waste comprises particles with heterogeneous physicochemical properties such as large size-range, different shapes and polymer types with various additives determining their environmental fate and risk. This complexity raises several open research questions which are explored in this book. Examples are the plastic uptake by aquatic organisms, degradation processes as well as sources and sinks in the environment. Readers will discover real case studies of plastic pollution detection and management in different parts of the world, including Asia, America and Europe, which provide an integrated overview of the global scope of this issue. This book and the companion volume Plastics in the Aquatic Environment - Part II: Stakeholders' Role Against Pollution are valuable resources to students, researchers, policymakers and environmental managers interested in plastic pollution and working towards its reduction. Table of ContentsRole of Environmental Science in Solving the Plastic Pollution Issue.- Pitfalls and limitations in Microplastic analyses.- Analytical Methods for Plastic (Microplastic) Determination in Environmental Samples.- Biodegradable Plastics: End of Life Scenarios.- Biological and ecological impacts of plastic debris in aquatic ecosystems.- Impact of plastic pollution on marine life in the Mediterranean Sea.- Plastic in the Aquatic Environment: Interactions with Microorganisms.- Freshwater Microplastic Pollution: The State of Knowledge and Research.- From Land to Sea: Model for the documentation of land-sourced plastic litter.- Plastic waste management: current status and weaknesses.- Plastic pollution in Slovenia: from plastic waste management to research on microplastics.- Marine Litter Assessment on Some Beaches Along the Southeastern Adriatic Coastline (Albania).- Plastic pollution in East Asia: macroplastics and microplastics in the aquatic environment, and mitigation efforts by various actors.- The Microplastics in Metro Manila Rivers: Characteristics, Sources, and Abatement.- Plastic Contamination in Brazilian Freshwater and Coastal Environments: A Source-to-Sea Transboundary Approach.- Marine litter in the Russian Gulf of Finland and South-East Baltic: Application of Different Methods of Beach Sand Sampling.- Role of Environmental Science in Tackling Plastic Pollution.

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Book SynopsisReviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications. Table of ContentsMetalliferous Mining Pollution and Its Impact on Terrestrial and Semi-terrestrial Vertebrates: A Review.- Fluorotelomer Alcohols’ Toxicology Correlates with Oxidative Stress and Metabolism.- Perchlorate Contamination: Sources, Effects and Technologies for Remediation.- Sources of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (ARB) and Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) in the Soil: A Review of the Spreading Mechanism and Human Health Risks.- An Overview of Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of Sorghum Towards Heavy Metal Stress.- Water and Soil Pollution: Ecological Environmental Study Methodologies Useful for Public Health Projects. A Literature Review.

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Book SynopsisReviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications. Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a cross-disciplinary, multi-scale assessment of the development of adsorption-based refrigerants and super-adsorbent-based wastewater purification. The book covers two major aspects from the 21st century, including the development of an environmentally benign adsorption cooling system and the preparation of a super-adsorbent for water purification. Although work has been published on these topics, the authors present the latest findings and introduce some new perspectives. The book is written as a reference book with contributions from global field experts and will appeal to water engineers, chemists, environmentalists, physicists, material scientists, nano-technologists, and environmental technologists.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis volume discusses hazardous environmental micropollutants, their impacts on human health, and possible means to mitigate their associated risks. The book features chapters that cover a variety of topics related to environmental micropollutants, which include dusts, infectious particles, heavy metals, organophosphates, atmospheric toxic organic micropollutants, fungal spores, pollutants from E-waste, antibiotic waste, and more. In addition impacts on human health and the environment, economic issues are addressed, with potential policy solutions offered. This work is timely, as hazardous micropollutants in soil, water and air are becoming more common, and this environmental contamination is leading to increasing instances of suboptimal human health outcomes. The book will be of interest to students and researchers in environmental pollution and remediation technology, microbiologists, and environmental regulators. Table of ContentsChapter 1-Environmental Micropollutants.- Chapter 2-Infectious Diseases, Challenges and their Impacts on Human Health under Changing Climate.- Chapter 3-Marble Dust as an Environmental and Occupational Hazard.- Chapter 4-Impacts of Micropollutants on Economy and Main Spheres of Environment: Soil, Air and Water.- Chapter 5-Micropollutants Impacts and Preventive Measures to Reduce Diseases Burden among School Children.- Chapter 6-Emerging Organic Contaminants, Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs): A Threat to Water Quality.- Chapter 7-Environmental and Health Effects of Heavy Metals and their Treatment Methods.- Chapter 8-Organophosphates Pollution Status and their Remediation through Microbial Interaction in 21st Century.- Chapter 9-Atmospheric Toxic Organic Micropollutants.- Chapter 10-Impact of Aerial Fungal Spores on Human Health.- Chapter 11-Health Risks Associated with Arsenic Contamination and its Biotransformation Mechanisms in Environment: A Review.- Chapter 12-E-waste Threaten to Environment and Public Health.- Chapter 13-Manufacturing and use of flame retardant chemicals and their impact on the environment and public health.- Chapter 14-Mycotoxins in Environment and Its Health Implications.- Chapter 15-Antibiotics; Multipronged Threat to Our Environment.- Chapter 16-Microplastic pollution and Their Health Impacts.- Chapter 17-Treatment Technologies for the Environmental Micropollutant.

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