Pollution and threats to the environment Books

Book SynopsisThis edited book first gives an overview of issues in the studies of atmospheric sciences and then elaborates on extreme events in air pollution, their assessment, impacts, and mitigation strategies. It covers general overview of factors governing in atmosphere that lead to air pollution, description about recent and hazardous air pollution episodes, emergencies and extremes in atmospheric sciences, impact studies on living organisms and atmosphere related to emergencies and possible remedies/mitigation strategies which may also include green growth strategies for management. Increase in anthropogenic activities from different sources results in very high concentrations of air pollutants in the atmospheres and they lead to cause disturbance in seasonal cycles and atmospheric phenomena, ecological imbalance and change in the quality of air. These impacts are the major cause of short-term or long-term effects on living and non-living systems. In the recent years, several instances of extremes atmosphere and air pollution related emergencies causing accidental episodes, fog, smog, health related, heat and cold wave etc. are experienced. This book brings the attention on such issues in atmospheric sciences and discuss the disaster preparedness and management plus emergencies. This book is valuable reading material for students in Environmental Science, Biological Science, Medical Science, Policy Planning, Disaster Management and Agriculture. It’s useful for environmental consultants, researchers and other professionals involved in air quality, plant, humans and disasters related research.Table of ContentsChapter 1. An Introduction to Extremes in Atmospheric Processes and Phenomena: Assessment, Impacts and Mitigation.- Chapter 2. Atmospheric Phenomena: Origin, Mechanism and Impacts.- Chapter 3. Air Pollution and its Associated Impacts on Atmosphere and Biota Health.- Chapter 4. South Asian Monsoon Extremes and Climate change.- Chapter 5. Contribution of Fog in Changing Air Quality: Extremities and Risks to Environment and Society.- Chapter 6. Nature of Sand and Dust Storm in South Asian Region- Extremities and Environmental Impacts.- Chapter 7. Assessment of Heat and Cold Waves phenomena and impacts on Environment.- Chapter 8. Intense biomass burning over northern India and its impact on air quality, chemistry and climate.- Chapter 9. Rising Extreme Event of Smog in Northern India – Problems and Challenges. Chapter 10. Volcanic Emissions: Causes, Impacts and its Extremities.- Chapter 11. Assessment of Extreme Fireworks Episode in a Coastal City of Southern India- Kannur as a Case Study.- Chapter 12. Air Pollution Episodes: Brief History, Mechanisms, and Outlook.- Chapter 13. Increasing Atmospheric Extreme Events and Role of Disaster Risk Management: Dimensions and Approaches.- Chapter 14. Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Response for Air Pollution and Related Health Extremes.- Chapter 15. Cost Effective Technologies for Control of Air Pollution and Atmosphere Related Extremes.- Chapter 16. Ecological and Natural Based Solutions as Green Growth Strategies for Disaster and Emergency Management of Air Pollution Extremes.- Chapter 17. Policy Implications and Mitigation Strategies for Air Pollution and Atmospheric Extreme Events.- Chapter 18. Participatory and Collaborative Governance Approach for Management of Atmospheric Processes Related Extremities.

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Book Synopsis This book focuses on the study of chemical dust suppression in mine dust pollution control by means of theories, experiments, computer simulation, and case application, aiming at providing chemical dust suppression solutions for mining worksites. It has seven chapters, including the following contents: (1) introduces fundamental theories and applications of chemical dust suppression, analyzes the dust source intensity of worksites and the mechanisms of dust generation, and summarizes the dust control measures for different mining worksites. (2) According to the mechanisms of dust generation in different mining worksites, targeted dust suppressants were developed. Through optimization by monomer experiment and orthogonal experiment, the optimum formula of different types of dust suppressants was obtained, and its properties were characterized. (3) The dust suppressant field application process was introduced, and the economic benefits were analyzed. This book is expected to provide valuable references both for researchers and engineering technicians engaged in environmental engineering, safety engineering, occupational health, and mining metallurgical engineering, and it also serves as a textbook for graduate students in above disciplines.Table of Contents1 Introduction1.1 Dust source in open-pit mine. 7 1.1.1 Dust generated by drilling operation. 7 1.1.2 Dust generated by drilling operation. 8 1.1.3 Dust generated by shoveling and loading operation. 8 1.1.4 Dust generated by transportation operation. 8 1.1.5 Dust generated by dumping operation. 8 1.2 Calculation of the intensity of dust source in the mine. 9 1.2.1 Source intensity of the mine. 9 1.2.2 Calculation of the source intensity of the mine. 10 1.3 Development status of chemical depression of dust 16 1.3.1 Research status of dust suppressants abroad. 17 1.3.2 Research status of domestic dust suppressants 19 1.3.3 Development trend of chemical dust suppressants 21 Reference. 22 2 Basic theory of chemical suppression of dust 24 2.1 Properties of mine dust [1-5] 25 2.1.1 Wettability of mine dust[1] 25 2.1.2 Density of mine dust[2] 26 2.1.3 Specific surface area of mine dust[3] 27 2.1.4 Suspensibility and cohesiveness of mine dust[3] 27 2.1.5 Particle size and size distribution of mine dust[4-5] 28 2.2 Basic theory of chemical suppression of dust 34 2.2.1 Surface tension and surface free energy[6-9] 34 2.2.2 Measurement of surface tension [10-11] 39 2.2.3 Wetting phenomenon [9-12] 51 2.2.4 Determination method of wettability[13] 54 2.2.5 Contact angle and Young's equation[14] 54 2.2.7 Measurement of contact angle. 59 Reference. 62 3 Mechanism of Production and Transport of Blasting Dust and Smoke of Open-pit Mine and Study on Pollution Model 64 3.1 Mechanism of Production and Transport of Blasting Dust and Smoke of Open-pit Mine[1] 64 3.2 Study on Pollution Model of Blasting Dust and Toxic Gases 65 3.2.1 Diffusion and Settling of Blasting Dust 65 3.2.2 Mathematical Model of Gaseous Substance Motion of the Dust and Smoke. 68 3.2.3 Evaluation of Blasting Dust and Toxic Gases Pollution. 71 3.2.4 The Emission Intensity of the Blasting Dust and Toxic Gases 75 3.3 Computer Numerical Simulation Study on Mine Blasting Dust and Toxic Gases 78 3.3.1 Computer Numerical Simulation of the Initial Motion of Explosive Gas 78 3.3.2 Numerical Simulation of Movement Process of Blasting Dust Particles 81 Reference. 83 4 Chemical Suppression Technology of Open-pit Mine Blasting Dust and Smoke. 85 4.1 Control Measures on Open-pit Mine Blasting Dust 85 4.2 The Development of Water Enriched Gelatin Stemming. 91 4.2.2 The Development of Water Enriched Gelatin Stemming. 91 4.2.3 Dust and Toxic Gases Reduction Effect of Water Enriched Gelatin Stemming. 96 4.2.4 Dust Reduction Effect of Water Enriched Gelatin Stemming. 104 4.2.5 Dust and Toxic Gases Reduction Mechanism of Water Enriched Gelatin Stemming. 106 4.3 Development of Blasting Dust and Smoke Inhibitors of Open-pit Mine. 113 4.3.1 Dust Reduction Mechanism of Blasting Dust and Smoke Inhibitors 113 4.3.2 Component of Dust and Smoke Inhibitors 115 4.3.3 Monomer Experiment 120 4.3.4 Compounding Experiments of Surfactants and Hygroscopic Agents 143 4.3.5 Final Selection of Surfactant and Hygroscopic Agent 146 4.3.6 The Optimal Formula of The Dust and Smoke Inhibitor 149 4.4 Research on Blasting Dust Reduction with Foam.. 155 4.4.1 Formula Requirement of foaming agent 155 4.4.2 Development of Foaming Agent Formula. 160 4.4.3 Experimental Study on Foaming Generator Performance. 164 4.4.4 Experimental Results 166 4.4.5 Measurement of Foam Dust Removal Efficiency. 170 Reference. 172 5 Chemical Suppression of Dust Technology of Open Ore Stacking Yard. 174 5.1 Mechanics of Dust Production of Open Ore Stacking Yard [1-6] 174 5.2 Measures of Dust Prevention of Open Ore Stacking Yard. 174 5.3 Development of Dust Suppressants of Open Ore Stacking Yard. 176 5.3.1 The Dust-settling Mechanism of Dust Suppressants of Open Ore Stacking Yard[21-22] 176 5.3.2 Single-Factor Experiment 179 5.3.3 Orthogonal Experiment 199 5.4 Performance Study on Dust Suppressants of Open Ore Stacking Yard. 207 5.4.1 The Basic Physicochemical Property of Dust Suppressants 208 5.4.2 Surface Curing Effect 209 5.4.3 Compressive Strength. 211 5.4.4Wind Erosion Resistance. 212 5.4.5 Rain Resistance. 215 5.4.6 Freeze-thaw Resistance Property. 216 Reference. 218 6 Chemical Dust Suppression Technology of Road Surface of Strip Mine. 220 6.1 Mechanisms of dust-raising on road surface of transportation roads of a strip mine[1-2] 220 6.1.1 Dust anchoring load. 220 6.1.2 Dust-raising generated by the shear friction of automobile tires on the road surface. 221 6.1.3 Dust-raising generated by the mechanical wind load of the vehicle. 222 6.1.4 Dust raised by natural wind current on the road surface. 223 6.2 Influencing factors and control measures of dust-raising on transportation roads in strip mines 226 6.2.1 Influencing factors of dust-raising on the road surface of strip mines 226 6.2.2 Control measures for dust-raising on road surface. 228 6.3 Experimental Research on the Law of Dust-raising Diffusion on Road Surface. 230 6.4 Development of compound dust suppressant formula on the road surface. 236 6.4.1 Performance requirements of dust suppressants 236 6.4.2 Dust suppression mechanism of dust suppressant 237 6.4.3 Components of dust suppressant 241 6.4.4 Monomer experiment 242 6.4.5 Orthogonal experiment 264 6.4.6 Formula optimization experiment 275 6.4.7 Performance characteristics of dust suppressant 276 6.5 Hygroscopic dust suppressant for road surface. 282 6.5.1 Formula of hygroscopic dust suppressant for road surface. 282 6.5.2 Performance experiment of hygroscopic dust suppressant for road surface. 284 6.6 Moist dust suppressant for road surface. 285 6.6.1 Formula of moist dust suppressant for road surface. 285 6.6.2 Performance experiment of moist dust suppressant for road surface. 286 Reference. 293 7. Field application of mine dust suppressant 296 7.1. Application of blasting dust suppressant in open-pit mine. 296 7.1.1. Application of water-enriched gelatin stemming. 296 7.1.2 Application of foam in blasting. 305 7.1.3 Application of surfactant solution in blasting. 307 7.2 Application of dust suppressant in open-pit mine Yard. 320 7.2.1 Industrial test of hygroscopic dust suppressant in suppressing dust of stockpile. 320 7.2.2 Dust Floating Test of Adhesive Dust suppressant in Tailing Pond. 322 7.2.3 Dust suppression test of binding dust suppressant in open coal pile. 327 7.3 Application of Dust suppressant on Pavement in Open-pit mine. 330 7.3.1 Spring Road Dust suppressant Industrial Experiment-Shougang Shuichang Iron Mine 330 7.3.2 Industrial experiment of road dust suppressant in summer-Wulongquan Mine in Wuhan 340 7.3.3 Industrial Experiment of Pavement Dust suppressant in Autumn-Sijiaying Mine, Hebei 352 7.3.4 Industrial experiment of road dust suppressant in winter-Jianlin Mountain Iron Mine 374

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Book SynopsisThis book mainly provides the current status of water pollution faced by China under rapid changing environment and the actions that have been taken for prevention and treatment of water pollution. It points out that the water pollution situation is severe. Facing water pollution, China’s experiences include several aspects on source control and pollution interception, internal nutrient removal of sediment, ecological restoration, and water transfer policy. There exists both the opportunity and challenge for the prevention and control of water pollution in China. The book contains numerous charts and diagrams which further illustrating China’s paths to clean water.Table of ContentsCurrent situation of water pollution in China.- Challenges and opportunities to treat water pollution.- Facing water pollution under rapid changing environment: China’s experiences.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThe book brings out several unique perspectives of impacts of COVID-19 on the environment with special emphasis on the risk and remediation of emerging contaminants. Idea is to work out under the one health framework and comprehend not only scientific and technical aspects but also environmental, legal and policy aspects for water resources management. The obvious stress is given to the occurrence, fate and transport of geogenic, microbial and anthropogenic contaminants of emerging concern under the preview of the fact that antibiotic and antiviral use has been unprecedented during the global pandemic of COVID-19. At the same time, this edited volume touches upon the broader framework of integrated water resource management, as well as mitigation and removal strategies to put forward a holistic picture to the readers and policymakers. These contents are divided into three sections: a) monitoring, occurrence, distribution and fate of emerging contaminants; b) source and effects of these contaminants on the total environment; and c) treatment strategies, natural attenuation and mitigation.Table of ContentsAuthor name Affiliation Title Ryo Honda Kanazawa University, Japan COVID-19 and antimicrobial resistance: A coincidental correlation Prosun Bhattacharya KTH, Sweden WBE role in COVID-19 management: An perspective of European Union perspective Manish Kumar IIT Gandhinagar, India Temporal variation of WBE: How can it be meaning fully used? Keisuke Kuroda Toyama University, Japan Pathways of antiviral resistance in post-covid anthropocene Lata Ramrakhiani CSIR- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, India Emerging Contaminants in Water and Wastewater: Remediation perspectives and Innovations in Treatment Technologies Sushanta Kumar Naik Department of Soil Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Ranchi-834010, Jharkhand, India Occurrence and fate of emerging contaminants in groundwater Sneha Nayak Rao Manipal Institute of Technology, Karnataka, India An emerging treatment technology: Exploring Deep Learning and Computer Vision Approach in Revealing Biosynthesized Nanoparticle Size for Optimization Studies Dr. Parasuraman AS Vemana University, Centre for Fish Immunology, VELS University, India Remediation Strategy of the treatment of wastewater carrying emerging contaminants at Aquaculture facilities D.N. Magana-Arachchi National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Sri Lanka Co-occurrence of Geogenic, Microbial and Anthropogenic Emerging Contaminants: Ecotoxicity and Relative environmental risks Anurag Roy Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK Concern for Heavy Metal-ion Water Pollution : Their Strategic Detection and Removal Opportunities Sanjeeb Mohapatra National University of Singapore, Singapore Microbial source tracking in groundwater Mehufuz Rahman Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India Strategies to Provide Drinking Water in HRIDAY Cities using Indian Traditional Knowledge, Learnings from AMRUT Scheme and IoT Debananda Mohapatra Yeungnam University, South Korea Sources, Consequences, and Control of Eutrophied Water: A significant concern for emerging contaminants in a developed and developing nation Arpita Dasgupta Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India Management of emerging solid waste during Covd-19 Pandemic Vinay Tyagi IIT Roorkee, India Microplastic and its management perspectives in India

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Book SynopsisThis open access book presents the findings from on-site research into radioactive cesium contamination in various agricultural systems affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011. This fourth volume in the series reports on studies undertaken at contaminated sites such as farmland and forests, focusing on soil, water, mountain, agricultural products, and animals. It also provides additional data collected in the subsequent years to show how the radioactivity levels in agricultural products and their growing environments have changed with time and the route by which radioactive materials entered agricultural products as well as their movement between different components (e.g., soil, water, and trees) within an environmental system (e.g., forests). The book covers various topics, including radioactivity testing of food products; decontamination trials for rice and livestock production; the state of contamination in, trees, mushrooms, and timber; the dynamics of radioactivity distribution in paddy fields and upland forests; damage incurred by the forestry and fishery industries; and the change in consumers’ attitudes. In the series of this book, a real-time radioisotope imaging system has been introduced, a pioneering technique to visualize the movement of cesium in soil and in plants. This is the only book to provide systematic data on the actual change of radioactivity, which is of great value to all researchers who wish to understand the effect of radioactive fallout on agriculture. In addition, it helps the general public better understand radio-contamination issues in the environment. The project is ongoing; the research groups from the Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences of The University of Tokyo continue their work in the field further to evaluate the long-term effects of the Fukushima accident.Table of Contents1. An Overview of our research.- 2. Recovery of Food Production from Radioactive Contamination Caused by the Fukushima Nuclear Accident.- 3. Annual Reduction of Transfer Factors of Radiocesium from Soil to Rice Cultivated in a KCl Fertilized and Straw Plowed-in Paddy Field from 2015 to 2021.- 4. Effects of radiocesium from suspended matter and fallout on agricultural products.- 5. Verification of Uptake and Transport Properties of Cesium in Hydroponically Cultivated Quercus Serrata.- 6. Candidates for breeding target genes related to cesium transport in plants after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident.- 7. Evaluation of the Absorption of Different Forms of Cesium from Soil.- 8. Structure, Composition, and Physicochemical Properties of Radiocesium-Bearing Microparticles Emitted by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident.- 9. Verification of Effects on Crops and Surrounding Environment in Agriculture Using Radioactively Contaminated Grass Silage Compost Made by Aerobic Ultra-High Temperature Fermentation.- 10. Transport of 137Cs into Fruits after External Deposition onto Japanese Persimmon Trees.- 11. Progress Towards Managing Radiocesium Contamination in Orchards.- 12. Overview of Radiocesium Dynamics in Forests: First Decade and Future Perspectives.- 13. Toward the Estimation of Radiocesium Activity Concentration in Trunks of Coppiced Quercus Serrata: Leaf Availability Instead of Felling.- 14. Decomposition of Organic Matters in a Forest Floor Enhanced Downward Migration of Radioactive Cs after the Accident of the FDNPP.- 15. Effect of exchangeable and non-exchangeable potassium in soil on cesium uptake by Quercus serrata seedlings.- 16. Ten-year Transition of Radiocesium Contamination in Wild Mushrooms in the University of Tokyo Forests after the Fukushima Accident.- 17. Challenge to resume production of mushroom bed logs by potassium fertilizer application.- 18. Studies on the revitalization of radioactive-contaminated mushroom log forests: focus on shoots.- 19. Contribution of cesium-bearing microparticles to cesium in soil and river water of the Takase River watershed and their effect on the distribution coefficient.- 20. Global Fallout: Radioactive Materials from Atmospheric Nuclear Tests That Fell Half a Century Ago and Where to Find Them.- 21. Resilience Education Program in Iitate Village for the Young Generation

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Book SynopsisA few ASEAN countries have signed the Global Methane Pledge, but methane should receive a broader and higher priority from the entire region, given its significant contribution to climate change, and the availability of solutions.The agriculture sector contributes the most amount of methane emissions with a steadily rising share over the past decade.Several Southeast Asian countries face similar methane abatement challenges (i.e., agricultural productivity in Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and the Philippines; gas leakage in Malaysia and Brunei; and waste management in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore), warranting closer collaboration at the subregional level.While it is true that countries have been participating in international initiatives and implementing national policies related to rice cultivation and oil and gas processing, their impacts have not been thoroughly evaluated.Rather than creating new institutional structures, ASEAN could for example ensure that its existing working groups and networks prioritize methane abatement.Missing data on the relative contribution to methane emissions from livestock, rice paddies and informal economies should be collected to help refine problem definition and formulate effective solutions.

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Book SynopsisMicro and Nano Plastics, the Globally Emerging Environmental and Public Health Crisis.- Environmental Degradation of Plastics Understanding the Mechanisms.- Micro and Nano Plastics Identification and Quantification Methods.- Micro and Nano Plastics Contamination of Air Water, and Soil.- Nano and Micro Plastics Pollution Effects on Physical/Abiotic and Biotic Environment and United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.

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Book SynopsisEnvironmental Monitoring and Management.- Water Pollution Control.- Air Pollution Control.- Solid Waste Management and Resource Utilization.

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Book SynopsisGlobal scenario and challenges of environmental pollution.- Food security and environmental pollution.- Environmental pollution in agriculture sectors.- Environmental pollution in biomedical and pharmaceutical sectors.- Sustainable approaches to mitigate environmental pollution.- Water resources pollution management study in Sungai Langat basin.- Long term hydrological implications of land-use land-cover alteration interweaving climate changes in tropical river flow regime.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the select proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Transportation Infrastructure Projects: Conception to Execution (TIPCE 2022) and emphasizes the understanding of transportation infrastructure projects being conceptualized, designed, and executed so as to bring the desired development in the focused area. It comprises case studies from the transportation sector, construction industries, consulting agencies, and academia. These studies present the bottlenecks experienced during the implementation of the projects, from their conceptualization to their execution and the corrective measures that were incorporated to finish the work. The book will be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in construction planning and technology, infrastructure engineering, highway engineering, traffic and transportation planning and systems.Table of ContentsAssessment of Optimum Rejuvenator Dosage for Maximizing the Use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in Hot Mix Recycling.- Development of shakedown criteria for prediction of permanent deformation characteristics of modified UGMs with THF steel slag.- Evaluation of the effect of the production process in quality parameters of Polymer Modified Performance Grade Binders: A Case Study.- Suitability of rejuvenator addition method for hot mix asphalt recycling.- Study on Estimation of Optimum Dosage of Warm Mix Additives for Production of Asphalt Mixtures.- Effect of Superplasticizer on Characteristics of Pervious Concrete.- Utilization of Industrial and Agricultural Wastes to enhance the properties of concrete- A Review.- Analysis of Internal Pore structure of Porous Asphalt Concrete Using X-ray Computed Tomography Images.- Industrial and Agro-based Wastes as Alternative Binders in Roller Compacted Concrete Pavements: A Comprehensive Review.- Successful Utilization of High Amount of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material in Bituminous Pavements: Indian Case Study.- Study on Utilizing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in Bituminous Concrete Wearing Course with PMB 70-10V as Binder Using Hot In-Plant Recycling Process.- Utilization of recycled concrete dust and lime as a binary blended filler in cold bitumen emulsion mix.- Impact of Mechanized Cold Mix Construction Method for Hilly Region Roads.- The Potential of Waste Cooking Oil as an Anti-Aging Additive in Asphalt Binder.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents mercury toxicity with respect to remediation and health issues. It covers sources of mercury contamination, its impact on human health, and prospective remediation by both bioremediation and phytoremediation with the application of recent advanced techniques such as genetic engineering and nanotechnology.Both anthropogenic activities and natural processes cause the release of mercury into different spheres of the environment resulting in severe adverse impacts. Increased anthropogenic discharge of mercury leads to disturbance in its natural biogeochemical cycle, which results in unenviable diseases and hazardous health effects. Mercury pollution is responsible for causing neurobehavioral, kidney, heart, gastrointestinal, liver, and other diseases. Many published works about the impact of mercury on health are also available worldwide; however, there is no complete understanding available on toxicological studies of mercury that covers the broader spectrum of findings ranging from sources of exposure to mercury toxicity to its remediation strategies.This book brings together a diverse group of environmental science, sustainability, and health researchers to address the challenges posed by global mass poisoning caused by mercury contamination. The book also proposes solutions to contamination through multi-disciplinary approaches.The book contains three sections. The first part describes the different sources and distribution of mercury in soil and plant ecosystems. The second part explains the health risks linked to mercury toxicity. The third part addresses sustainable mercury toxicity mitigation strategies and the potential applications of recent technology in providing solutions. This book is a valuable resource to students, academics, researchers, and environmental professionals working in the field of mercury contamination.Table of Contents1. Environmental Mercury Exposure – A Continuing Challenge2. Mercury Contamination in Food : An Overview 3. Research Trend on Mercury (Hg) Contamination of Water Resources: A Bibliometric Review 4. Impact of mercury and its toxicity on health and environment: a general perspective 5. Effects of Mercury: Neurological and Cellular Perspective 6. Mercury Adsorption using Biowaste Biochar: A Green Technology Approach 7. Removal of Mercury of Wastewater by Different Natural Biomasses 8. Microbial Remediation of Mercury: An Overview 9. Remediation Strategies of Environmental Mercury: An Overview of its Environmental Persistence, Associated Threats and Health Impacts 10. Mercury Remediation: Easing Biochar Approach 11. Application and Development Strategies of Nano-Adsorbents on Mercury Remediation 12. Amputation of Mercury from Wastewater: Perspectives of Action Methods 13. Environmental Mercury Toxicity and its Bioremediation 14. Biosorption of Mercury from Aqueous Solutions by Biosorbents

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