Physiology Books

Book SynopsisSTEVE PARKER graduated with a BSc (Honours, First Class) in Zoology and is a Senior Scientific Fellow of the Zoological Society of London. He has written more than 200 books and edited or contributed to over 100 more, including DK titles such as The Human Body Atlas, Eyewitness Medicine, and the bestselling Kill or Cure. Steve's other publishers include the BBC, Boots, the Smithsonian Institution, and WWF. He has been shortlisted for the Rhone-Poulenc Science Book of the Year and Times Educational Supplement Information Book of the Year.

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Book SynopsisNurses! Test Yourself in Anatomy and Physiology, 2nd Edition, has been fully revised and updated, with new and expanded features, to remain the essential self-test resource for nurses studying basic anatomy and physiology and preparing for exams. This book includes over 500 questions, each with fully explained answers. These include:â50 A&P illustrations and puzzle gridsâOver 200 glossary termsâMultiple choice questionsâTrue or false questionsâLabelling exercisesâMatch the termsâFill in the blank questionsEach main body system has its own chapter, so you can get in depth practice for your exams. Body systems covered include: âIntegumentary systemâMusculoskeletal systemâNervous system âETable of ContentsCHAPTER 1 The human cellCHAPTER 2 Essential biology and biochemistryCHAPTER 3 The nervous system and special sensesCHAPTER 4 The endocrine systemCHAPTER 5 The cardiovascular systemCHAPTER 6 The respiratory systemCHAPTER 7 The urinary systemCHAPTER 8 The digestive systemCHAPTER 9 The male and female reproductive systemsCHAPTER 10 The integumentary systemCHAPTER 11 The musculoskeletal systemCHAPTER 12 The immune and lymphatic systemsCHAPTER 13 Genetics and inheritance

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.

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Book SynopsisEssentials of Anatomy & Physiology blends up-to-date science, stimulating writing, high-quality art, and cutting-edge educational technology to provide the most effective teaching and learning program available in the one-semester anatomy and physiology course.The distinctive pedagogy of the text revolves around the theme of Elevate Learning. From Base Camp to Assess Your Learning Outcomes, the student experiences a clear sense of the path ahead, a convenient means of charting progress, and a satisfying sense of accomplishment at the end.Table of ContentsPART 1 Organization of the Body1 The Study of Anatomy and Physiology2 Life, Matter, and Energy3 Cells4 Histology- The Tissue Level of OrganizationPART 2 Support and Movement5 The Integumentary System6 The Skeletal System7 The Muscular SystemPART 3 Internal Coordination8 The Nervous System I: Nerve Cells, the Spinal Cord, and Reflexes9 The Nervous System II: The Brain, Cranial Nerves, and Autonomic Nervous System10 The Sense Organs11 The Endocrine SystemPART 4 Circulation and Defense12 The Circulatory System I: Blood13 The Circulatory System II: The Heart and Blood Vessels14 The Lymphatic System and ImmunityPART 5 Intake and Output15 The Respiratory System16 The Urinary System17 The Digestive System18 Nutrition and MetabolismPART 6 Human Life Cycle19 The Reproductive System20 Human Development and AgingAppendix A: Answer Keys A-1Appendix B: Health Science Careers A-8Appendix C: Symbols, Weights, and Measures A-11Appendix D: Biomedical Word Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes A-13Appendix E: Periodic Table of the Elements A-17Glossary G-1Index I-1

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Book SynopsisWith a newly enhanced, realistic art program, this updated edition of Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology comes to life. Written for the two-semester anatomy and physiology course, this text is comprehensive enough to provide the depth necessary for those courses not requiring prerequisites and is presented with such clarity that it nicely balances the thorough coverage. Clear descriptions and exceptional illustrations combine to help students develop a firm understanding of anatomy and physiology and understand how to apply those concepts.Known for having a strong emphasis on critical thinking, Seeley's unique pedagogy integrates clinical case studies throughout each chapter with a visual program that presents material in understandable, relevant images, with application questions that follow.Table of Contents0 How to Be Successful in A&PPart 1 - Organization of the Human Body1. The Human Organism2. The Chemical Basis of Life3. Cell Biology4. TissuesPART 2 - Support and Movement5. Integumentary System6. Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue7. Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy8. Joints and Movement9. Muscular System: Histology and Physiology10. Muscular System: Gross AnatomyPART 3 - Integration and Control Systems11. Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue12. Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves13. Brain and Cranial Nerves14. Integration of Nervous System Functions15. The Special Senses16. Autonomic Nervous System17. Functional Organization of the Endocrine System18. Endocrine GlandsPART 4 - Regulation and Maintenance19. Cardiovascular System: Blood20. Cardiovascular System: The Heart21. Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation22. Lymphatic System and Immunity23. Respiratory System24. Digestive System25. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation26. Urinary System27. Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base BalancePART 5 - Reproduction and Development28. Reproductive System29. Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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Book SynopsisDr. Arnold Katz's internationally acclaimed classic, Physiology of the Heart , is now in its thoroughly revised Fifth Edition, incorporating the latest molecular biology research and extensively exploring the clinical applications of these findings. In the single authored, expert voice that is this book's unique strength, Dr. Katz provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological and biophysical basis of cardiac function, beginning with structure and proceeding to biochemistry, biophysics, and pathophysiology in arrhythmias, ischemia, and heart failure. Emphasis is on the interrelationships of basic processes among the cell, cardiac muscle function, and the biophysics of contractile and electrical behavior. This edition includes new material on cell signaling and molecular biology.Table of ContentsPart One: STRUCTURE, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND BIOPHYSICS1: Structure of the Heart and Cardiac Muscle2: Energetics and Energy Production3: Energy Utilization (Work and Heat)4: The Contractile Proteins5: The Cytoskeleton6: Active State, Length-Tension Relationship, and Cardiac Mechanics7: Excitation-Contraction Coupling: Extracellular and Intracellular Calcium CyclesPart Two: SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND REGULATION8: Signal Transduction: Functional Signaling9: Signal Transduction: Proliferative Signaling10: Regulation of Cardiac Muscle Performance: Functional and Proliferative MechanismsPart Three: NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY11: The Heart as a Muscular Pump12: The Working Heart13: Cardiac Ion Channels14: The Cardiac Action PotentialPart Four: CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY15: The Electrocardiogram16: Arrhythmias17: The Ischemic Heart18: Heart Failure

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Book SynopsisSelected as a Doody's Core Title for 2022 and 2023! Delivering the most up-to-date information available in a rich, engaging presentation, Medical Physiology: Principles for Clinical Medicine, 6th Edition, instills a complete understanding of physiology essential to effective clinical practice. This robust text not only details how the human body reacts to internal and external changes but also provides a deep understanding of how physiologic systems coordinate to maintain optimal health, as well as the involvement of altered functions in disease processes. Extensively updated throughout and fully aligned with today’s medical curriculum, the 6th Edition emphasizes the physiologic principles key to understanding human function, places them in their fundamental context in clinical medicine, and provides opportunities for student self-directed and team-based learning through case studies, clinical application exercises, and board-style review questions. NEW! Physiology of Aging and Organ Function chapter details the impact of aging on the body as it relates to human function. New and revised content throughout familiarizes you with the latest perspectives on cardiovascular physiology, neuromuscular physiology, gastrointestinal physiology, endocrine physiology, exercise physiology, and more. Updated USMLE-style review questions with answers provide valuable self-assessment and board exam prep. Clinical Focus essays clarify how and where physiology relates to clinical medicine and diagnosis. Integrated Medical Sciences essays alert you to important connections between physiology and other basic sciences. Clinical Applications exercises offer practice applying clinical knowledge and solving problems. Conceptual diagrams strengthen comprehension of difficult concepts and present both normal and abnormal clinical conditions. Active Learning Objectives, Chapter Summaries, and full-color artwork and tables make learning engaging and efficient. Additional online resources provide instant access to animations, additional review questions, additional clinical application exercises, advanced clinical problem-solving exercises, and suggested readings.

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Book Synopsis Selected as a Doody's Core Title for 2022 and 2023! Enhanced with new Clinical Cases, new practice questions, and additional animations, Lippincott ® Illustrated Reviews: Physiology, 3rd Edition, brings physiology clearly into focus, detailing who we are, how we live, and, ultimately, how we die. By first identifying organ function and then showing how cells and tissues are designed to fulfill that function, this engaging resource decodes physiology like no other text or review book. Tailored for ease of use and fast content absorption, the book’s straightforward outline format, visionary artwork, clinical applications, and unit review questions help students master the most essential concepts in physiology, making it perfect for classroom learning and preparation for course and board exams. Approachable Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews outline format makes critical information easy to access and assimilate. More than 600 annotated, full-color illustrations guide students step by step through complex processes. NEW! Appendix of 15 Clinical Cases trains students to solve common clinical problems by applying what they’ve learned. Clinical case format is ideal for self-directed learning or for use by instructors to guide small-group discussions. NEW! Detailed explanations of the mechanisms underlying GI motility and reflexes, and a new section discussing regulation of appetite. NEW! Expansion of the chapter on exercise to include a consideration of physiologic limits and training effects. UPDATED! Boards-style study questions, with explanations, at the end of each chapter—including many new to this edition—test students’ retention and strengthen their exam confidence. UPDATED! Seven online animations clarify complex physiological processes in dynamic detail.

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 Introducción al sistema cardiovascular2 Estructura y función de las células3 Actividad eléctrica del corazón4 Función cardíaca5 Función vascular6 Control neurohumoral del corazón y la circulación7 Flujo sanguíneo en los órganos8 Función de intercambio de la microcirculación9 Integración, adaptación y fisiopatología cardiovasculares

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Book SynopsisWest. Fisiopatología pulmonar. Fundamentos aborda el efecto de los procesos patológicos sobre la función respiratoria. Es el complemento ideal de la obra Fisiología respiratoria. Fundamentos del mismo autor, en la que se cubren los principios del funcionamiento del sistema respiratorio. Ambas, publicadas por primera vez hace más de 40 años, se han traducido a varios idiomas y han servido a generaciones de estudiantes y profesionales que trabajan con pacientes respiratorios, con una presentación de los temas más importantes de una manera concisa, directa y fácil de entender.La 10.ª edición mantiene la misma estructura de tres secciones: la primera de ellas establece los fundamentos del diagnóstico a través de los diferentes métodos disponibles para evaluar la función respiratoria; la segunda sección aborda la función respiratoria en el pulmón enfermo; y la última lo hace sobre el pulmón insuficiente. La obra cierra con cuatro apéndices que ofrecen un acceso rápido a las respuestas a los casos clínicos y a las preguntas de evaluación; a los símbolos, unidades y valores normales; y a lecturas adicionales.Table of ContentsPARTE I PRUEBAS FUNCIONALES RESPIRATORIAS Y SU SIGNIFICADO CAPÍTULO 1 VENTILACIÓN CAPÍTULO 2 INTERCAMBIO DE GASES CAPÍTULO 3 OTRAS PRUEBAS PARTE II FUNCIÓN DEL PULMÓN ENFERMO CAPÍTULO 4 ENFERMEDADES OBSTRUCTIVAS CAPÍTULO 5 ENFERMEDADES RESTRICTIVAS CAPÍTULO 6 ENFERMEDADES VASCULARES PULMONARES CAPÍTULO 7 ENFERMEDADES AMBIENTALES, OCUPACIONALES, NEOPLÁSICAS E INFECCIOSAS PARTE III FUNCIÓN DEL FALLO PULMONAR CAPÍTULO 8 INSUFICIENCIA RESPIRATORIA CAPÍTULO 9 OXIGENOTERAPIA CAPÍTULO 10 VENTILACIÓN MECÁNICA Apéndice A—Símbolos, unidades y valores normalesApéndice B—Bibliografía complementariaApéndice C—Respuestas a las preguntas de final de capítuloApéndice D—Respuestas a las preguntas de los casos clínico

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) Stereotaxic Space by D. Louis Collins 2. Abbreviations and List of Cortical Areas 3. Reconstructions of the Average Asymmetrical MNI Brain 4. Comments on Nomenclature and Definitions of Cortical Areas 5. Coronal Sections

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Book SynopsisThis first-of-its-kind text integrates the 3 Ps - pathophysiology, pharmacology, and physical assessment - into an integrative whole that reflects the real-world of how students learn and nurses practice. This groundbreaking approach promotes a deeper understanding of these three essential and often challenging content areas.Table of Contents Introduction: Foundations of Integrative Practice I. Adult 1. Hypertension 2. Diabetes Mellitus 3. Obesity 4. IBS and IBD 5. Myocardial Infarction Case Study 1 (Adult): Glaucoma II. Maternity 6. Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy 7. Gestational Diabetes 8. High-Risk Pregnancy 9. Hyperemesis Gravidarum Case Study 2 (Maternity): Vaginal Bleeding III. Newborn 10. Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn 11. Congenital Heart Disease 12. : Respiratory Conditions 13. Prematurity and Newborn Conditions Case Study 3 (Newborn): Nutrition IV. Pediatrics 14. Asthma 15. Allergic and Hypersensitivity Disorders 16. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease 17. Traumatic Brain Injury 18. Otitis Media Case Study 4 (Pediatrics): Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia V. Geriatric 19. Healthy Aging 20. Heart Failure 21. Pneumonia 22. Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis 23. Chronic Kidney Disease Case Study 5 (Geriatric): Osteoporosis VI. Mental Health Disorders across the Lifespan 24. Altered Cognitive Function 25. Anxiety and Depression 26. Psychotic Disorders 27. Substance Abuse Disorders Case Study 6 (Mental Health): ADHD Appendix: Answers to Review Questions

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Book SynopsisAccess all of the A&P information you need - whenever and wherever you need it!In class or in practice, all of the A & P information you need is at fingertips in this handy, easy-to-understand pocket guide. Crystal-clear, full-color illustrations with concise labels put all the need-to-know A&P information at your fingertips. Whether you’re looking for a cross section of the spinal cord or lateral view of the arteries of the head and neck, or any other perspective on the human body, you’ll find it here. A brief description introduces each body system. Crystal-clear presentation makes the illustrations pop from the pages. Precise labels accurately identify every structure. Unique anatomical views — like the cross section of the hand — highlight every detail in full color. Every page tells you the orientation of every figure — no more guessing at what you’re viewing. Easy-to-reference tables summarize all of the relevant physiology. New To This Edition: New, Revised & Updated! New illustrations and new topics in every tab to provide complete coverage that’s even more relevant to the study of A&P today Body Structure—anatomical position and regional terms Cells, Tissues, and the Integumentary System—the plasma membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, diffusion, and mitosis Human Microbiome—the human microbiome, the gut microbiome, bacteria, microbes, viruses, and diet-driven disease Skeletal System—the plasma membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, diffusion, mitosis, and common types of fracturesMuscular System—the neuromuscular junction Nervous System—simple reflex arcs, nerve impulse, and sensory and motor neurons of the spinal cord The Senses—cutaneous senses and referred painEndocrine System—endocrine gland stimuli Circulatory System—hematocrit, reticulocytes, and monocytes, and nervous regulation of the heart New table: Complete blood count Table of Contents Tab 1. Body Structure Tab 2. Cells, Tissues, and the Integumentary System Tab 3. Skeletal System Tab 4. Muscular System Tab 5. Nervous System Tab 6. The Senses Tab 7. Endocrine System Tab 8. Circulatory System Tab 9. Lymphatic System Tab 10. Respiratory System Tab 11. Digestive System Tab 12. Urinary System Tab 13. Reproductive System and Human Development

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Book SynopsisPresenting pathophysiology through the lens of body function, Applied Pathophysiology: A Conceptual Approach, 4th Edition, goes beyond memorization of facts to give students a thorough understanding of altered human function and a practical framework for applying concepts in clinical settings. By helping students understand that diseases are rarely confined to one body system, this novel approach conditions students to think like practitioners, working from symptom to cause to build an understanding of the disease process essential to successful practice. Supported by the latest clinical practices and research-based evidence, this 4th Edition has been updated to prepare students for today’s changing healthcare environment. Engaging features and resources throughout the text emphasize active learning strategies and challenge students to apply their knowledge to a wide range of diseases.

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Book SynopsisUp-to-date, easy-to-read, and rich with dynamic visual aids and engaging learning resources, Renal Pathophysiology: The Essentials, 6th Edition, helps you develop a confident understanding of the complex mechanisms that cause kidney dysfunction and disease. This case-based approach grounds renal disease in realistic scenarios that open each chapter and are accompanied by learning objectives and integrated open-ended questions to reinforce your mastery of the material and challenge you to apply what you’ve learned. Updated with the latest clinical advances and research as well as new cases, questions, and online tools, this 6th Edition makes difficult concepts approachable and helps you establish a foundation for success in clinical practice. UPDATED! Content keeps students current with the latest developments in diagnosis and treatment of kidney dysfunction and renal disease, including expanded coverage of interstitial diseases. UPDATED! Case Presentations in each chapter—including additional cases new to this edition—provide critical practice applying knowledge to real clinical situations. UPDATED! Thought Questions & Answers in every chapter encourage reflection and provide valuable self-assessment, including new questions available in the text and online. NEW! Animations available online clarify important renal pathophysiology concepts in vivid detail. Case Discussions close out each chapter with the opportunity to compare possible approaches and reinforce the correct ones.

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Book Synopsis Frederic (Ric) Martini Author Dr. Martini received his Ph.D. from Cornell University in comparative and functional anatomy for work on the pathophysiology of stress. In addition to professional publications that include journal articles and contributed chapters, technical reports, and magazine articles, he is the lead author of ten undergraduate texts on anatomy and physiology or anatomy. Dr. Martini is currently affiliated with the University of Hawaii at Manoa and has a long-standing bond with the Shoals Marine Laboratory, a joint venture between Cornell University and the University of New Hampshire. He has been active in the Human Anatomy and Physiology Society (HAPS) for over 24 years and was a member of the committee that established the course curriculum guidelines for A&P. He is now a President Emeritus of HAPS after serving as President-Elect, PreTable of ContentsBrief Contents Foundations: An Introduction to Anatomy Foundations: The Cell Foundations: Tissues and Early Embryology The Integumentary System The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure The Skeletal System: Axial Division The Skeletal System: Appendicular Division The Skeletal System: Joints The Muscular System: Skeletal Muscle Tissue and Muscle Organization The Muscular System: Axial Musculature The Muscular System: Appendicular Musculature Surface Anatomy and Cross-Sectional Anatomy The Nervous System: Neural Tissue The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves The Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Pathways of the Spinal Cord The Nervous System: The Brain and Cranial Nerves The Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System The Nervous System: General and Special Senses The Endocrine System The Cardiovascular System: Blood The Cardiovascular System: The Heart The Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation The Lymphoid System The Respiratory System The Digestive System The Urinary System The Reproductive System The Reproductive System: Embryology and Human Development

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability2. Skeletal Muscle Physiology3. Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses4. Endocrine System Physiology5. Cardiovascular Dynamics6. Cardiovascular Physiology7. Respiratory System Mechanics8. Chemical and Physical Processes of Digestion9. Renal System Physiology10. Acid-Base Balance11. Blood Analysis12. Serological Testing

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart I: Genetics, molecular and cellular biology 1. The neuron navigator 2 gene and Alzheimer’s diseaseChun Xu, Brenda Bin Su, Stephanie Lozano and Kesheng Wang 2. Interlinking polymorphisms, estrogens, and Alzheimer diseaseLu Hua Chen, Leung Wing Chu and You-Qiang Song 3. Linking EEGs, Alzheimer disease, and the phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) geneNatalya Ponomareva, Tatiana Andreeva, Vitaly Fokin, Sergey Illarioshkin and Evgeny Rogaev 4. CD36 gene polymorphisms and Alzheimer’s diseaseOmar Šerý, Nandu Goswami and Vladimir J. Balcar 5. Genetic contributions to sporadic frontotemporal dementiaJessie S. Carr, Daniel W. Sirkis and Jennifer S. Yokoyama 6. Clinical response to cholinesterase inhibitors in dementia: the role of CYP2D6 and APOE genetic polymorphismsLuís Felipe José Ravic de Miranda, Karina Braga Gomes and Paulo Caramelli 7. A1 and A2 purinergic receptor expression in dementiaJ. Mendiola-Precoma, L.C. Berumen, A. Rodríguez-Cruz and G. García-Alcocer 8. Molecular aspects of metallothioneins in dementiasGemma Comes, Anna Escrig, Yasmina Manso, Olaya Fernández-Gayol, Paula Sanchis, Amalia Molinero, Mercedes Giralt, Javier Carrasco and Juan Hidalgo 9. Implication of microRNAs in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesisKatarzyn Marta Zoltowska, Katarzyna Laskowska-Kaszub, Siranjeevi Nagaraj and Urszula Wojda 10. Role of cellular oxidative stress in dementiaGiovanna Galliciotti, Antonella De Jaco, Diego Sepulveda-Falla, Emanuela D’Acunto and Elena Miranda 11. Toward an integrative understanding of the neuroinflammatory molecular milieu in Alzheimer disease neurodegenerationJuan M. Zolezzi, Paulina Villaseca and Nibaldo C. Inestrosa 12. Wnt signaling and dementiaCarolina Alquezár and Ángeles Martín-Requero 13. Linkage of atypical protein kinase C to Alzheimer diseaseRobert V. Farese and Mini P. Sajan 14. Linking histone deacetylases and phosphodiesterase 5 in novel treatments for Alzheimer’s diseaseAna Garcia-Osta and Mar Cuadrado-Tejedor 15. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in Alzheimer’s diseaseKelsey E. Murphy and Joshua J. Park 16. Implications of alpha- and beta-secretase expression and function in Alzheimer’s diseaseSven Reinhardt and Kristina Endres 17. Methylation analysis of DNA in Alzheimer’s diseaseFabio Coppedè 18. The signalosome malfunctions in age-associated neuropathologiesRicardo Puertas-Avendaño, David Quinto-Alemany, Miriam González-Gómez and Raquel Marin 19. FAM3C in Alzheimer’s disease: a risk-related molecule and potential therapeutic targetMasaki Nishimura, Naoki Watanabe, Emi Hibino, Masaki Nakano, Yachiyo Mitsuishi, Lei Liu and Takuma Sugi 20. Amylin and amylin receptors in Alzheimer’s diseaseWen Fu and Jack H. Jhamandas 21. Mammalian target of rapamycin complexes: regulation and Alzheimer’s diseaseHenry Querfurth and Han-Kyu Lee 22. Mammalian target of rapamycin complexes: protein synthesis and autophagy, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal dementiaHenry Querfurth and Han-Kyu Lee 23. Linking CD200 in brains and dementia: molecular aspects of neuroinflammationDouglas Gordon Walker Part II: Neurological, physiological and imaging 24. Hippocampal atrophy associated with dementia risk factors and dementiaHiroshi Yao, Yuko Araki, Fumio Yamashita, Makoto Sasaki and Manabu Hashimoto 25. Inflammation and insulin resistance in Alzheimer’s disease: partners in crimeYuval Nash and Dan Frenke 26. Brain susceptibility to hypoxia/hypoxemia and metabolic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease: insights from animal and in vitro modelsVito Antonio Baldassarro, Andrea Bighinati, Michele Sannia, Luciana Giardino and Laura Calzà 27. Neuropeptides and neurolipids: what they are and how they relate to Alzheimer’s diseaseIván Manuel, Laura Lombardero, Alberto Llorente-Ovejero and Rafael Rodríguez-Puertas 28. Neurotransmitter receptors in Alzheimer’s disease: from glutamatergic to cholinergic receptorsLaura Lombardero, Alberto Llorente-Ovejero, Iván Manuel and Rafael Rodríguez-Puertas 29. Aß42-a7-like nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and Alzheimer’s diseaseHoau-Yan Wang and Amber Khan 30. Synaptosomal bioenergetic defects in Alzheimer’s diseasePamela V. Martino Adami and Laura Morelli 31. Limitations of amyloid imaging in Alzheimer’s diseaseDavid Weidman 32. Linking gradient echo plural contrast imaging metrics of tissue microstructure with Alzheimer diseaseDmitriy A. Yablonskiy, Tammie L. Benzinger and John C. Morris 33. Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and later dementia: is there a connection?Ellika Andolf 34. Unraveling the contributions of sleep dysfunction to Alzheimer’s diseaseElie Gottlieb, Natalie A. Grima, Mark Howard, Amy Brodtmann and Matthew P. Pase Part III: Behaviour and psychopathology 35. Overview of behaviors in dementiaDorothy M. Grillo and Rachel Anderson 36. Delirium superimposed on dementia: a clinical challenge from diagnosis to treatmentMorandi Alessandro, Pozzi Christian, Grossi Eleonora and Bellelli Giuseppe 37. Self-consciousness deficits in dementiaEva M. Arroyo-Anlló and Roger Gil 38. Attentional impairments to novel images in dementiaCelina S. Liu, Michael Rosen, Nathan Herrmann and Krista L. Lanctôt 39. Frontal lobe syndrome and dementiasPetronilla Battista, Chiara Griseta, Rosa Capozzo, Madia Lozupone, Rodolfo Sardone, Francesco Panza and Giancarlo Logroscino 40. The stigma of dementiaAlbert Aboseif and Benjamin K.P. Woo 41. Delusions in dementiasMadia Lozupone, Maddalena La Montagna, Antonello Bellomo, Petronilla Battista, Davide Seripa, Antonio Daniele, Antonio Greco, Onofrio Resta, Giancarlo Logroscino and Francesco Panza 42. Linking motor speech function and dementiaMatthew L. Poole and Adam P. Vogel 43. Spatial navigation and Alzheimer’s diseaseLaura E. Berkowitz, Ryan E. Harvey and Benjamin J. Clark 44. Violence and dementiaG. Cipriani, S. Danti, A. Nuti, L. Picchi and M. Di Fiorino 45. Factors contributing to protection and vulnerability in dementia caregiversFan Zhang, Sheung-Tak Cheng and Manuel Gonçalves-Pereira Part IV: Diet, nutrition and environment 46. Nutritional status of dementia and management using dietary taurine supplementationMi Ae Bae and Kyung Ja Chang 47. Selenium and Alzheimer’s diseaseAdriana Gisele Hertzog da Silva Leme and Barbara R. Cardoso 48. Linking adiponectin and obesity in dementiaMa1gorzata Bednarska-Makaruk 49. The impact of the gut microbiome in Alzheimer’s disease: cause or consequence?Malena dos Santos Guilherme and Kristina Endres 50. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and Alzheimer’s diseaseLaura Xicota and Rafael de la Torre 51. Lead, cadmium and Alzheimer’s diseaseKelly M. Bakulski, Howard Hu and Sung Kyun Park Part V: Models and modelling in dementia 52. Alzheimer model 5xfad mice and applications to dementia: transgenic mouse models, a focus on neuroinflammation, microglia, and food-derived componentsTatsuhiro Ayabe and Yasuhisa Ano 53. Use of 192 IgG-saporin as a model of dementia and its applicationJ.W. Chang and Y.S. Park 54. Amyloid beta 1e42-induced animal model of dementia: a reviewJosiane Budni and Jade de Oliveira 55. Resources for the neuroscience of dementiaRajkumar Rajendram and Victor R. Preedy

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSection 1 Dementia: Introductory Chapters 1. A review of the different types of dementia2. The classification of dementia: problems and challenges3. Alzheimer’s disease: an overview4. Dementia and competing hypothesis – the example of Alzheimer’s disease and its various hypotheses5. Lewy body dementia – an overview6. Mixed dementia – an overview7. Vascular dementia – an overview8. Linking in physical activity and dementia9. Risk factors in dementia10. Mortality in dementia – linking in delirium11. Rare forms of dementia12. Prion diseases and dementia13. Dementia in Parkinson disease14. Dementia in traumatic brain injury15. Risk factors in dementia – towards a coherent theory of dementia16. Genetics of dementia Section 2 Biomarkers, Psychometric Instruments, and Diagnosis 17. Circulating biomarkers in neurodegenerative dementias – YKL-40 and beyond18. Salivary biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease19. Use of cerebrospinal fluid in diagnosis of dementias20. SPECT perfusion imaging in assessment of neurodegenerative dementias21. Computerised tomography (CT) in assessment of neurodegenerative dementias22. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessment of neurodegenerative dementias23. Questionnaires: The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and beyond24. The Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination (CAMDEX) and applications to dementia25. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and applications to dementia26. The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) and applications to dementia27. The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE) and applications to dementia28. ALBA Screening Instrument (ASI) and applications to dementia29. The prediction of Alzheimer’s disease Section 3 Pharmacological Treatments for Dementia30. Cholinesterase inhibitors in dementias – an overview31. NMDA receptor antagonists in dementia – an overview32. Donepezil usage – a focused review33. Rivastigmine usage – a focused review34. Galantamine usage – a focused review35. Memantine – a focused review36. Failures and successes of monoclonal antibodies – bapineuzumab and beyond37. Immunotherapies: an overview Section 4 Non-Pharmacological Treatments38. Internet counselling39. Counselling in dementia40. Cognitive rehabilitation in dementia41. Cognitive stimulation in dementia42. Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation43. Nanoparticles: nanodiamond treatment in Alzheimer’s disease44. Increasing intakes and improving nutritional status in dementia45. All-trans retinoic acid in Alzheimer’s disease46. Environmental enrichment in dementia47. Music therapy in dementia48. Aromatherapy in dementia49. Massage in dementia50. Dancing in dementia51. Multisensory Stimulation in Dementia52. Animal-assisted therapy in dementia53. Occupational therapy in dementia

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSection 1: Parkinson’s Disease: Introductory Chapters 1. A Short History of Parkinson’s Disease – from early 19th century and afterwards – an overview2. Living with Parkinson’s disease – from financial to emotional3. The epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease – an overview4. Clinical Features of Parkinson’s disease – an overview5. The natural history of Parkinson’s disease – an overview6. The prognosis of Parkinson’s disease – an overview7. The neurobiology of Parkinson’s disease – an overview8. The pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease – an overview9. Molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with Parkinson’s disease – synuclein, amyloid protein, oligomers and beyond10. Quality of life in Parkinson’s disease11. Gait in untreated Parkinson’s disease12. Levodopa-induced dyskinesias13. Tremor in Parkinson’s disease14 The impact of Parkinson’s disease on the family and careers Section 2: Biomarkers and Diagnosis15. Tissue biopsies as biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease16. Spinal fluid for biomarker discovery in Parkinson’s disease17. Clinical biomarkers in prodromal Parkinson’s disease18. The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease19. Proteomics in Parkinson’s disease20. MicroRNAs as biomarkers in Parkinson’s diseases21. Phenotyping in Parkinson’s disease22. Diagnosis of speech disorders in Parkinson’s disease23. Identifying dementia in Parkinson’s disease 24. Diagnosis of sleep disturbances in Parkinson’s disease25. Diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease using magnetic resonance imaging26. Use of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in Parkinson’s disease27. Use of single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) as a diagnostic tool in Parkinson’s disease28. Use of positron emission tomography (PET) as a diagnostic tool in Parkinson’s disease Section 3: Pharmacological Treatments for Parkinson’s Disease29. Dopamine Agonists and Parkinson’s disease – an overview30. Management with Levodopa in Parkinson’s disease31. Management with ripinirole in Parkinson’s disease32. Management with pramipexole in Parkinson’s disease33. Management with rotigotine in Parkinson’s disease34. Management with apomorphine in Parkinson’s disease35. Management with MAO-B Inhibitors in Parkinson’s disease36. Management with COMT inhibitors in Parkinson’s disease37. Management with anticholinergics in Parkinson’s disease38. Management with amantadine in Parkinson’s disease Section 4: Novel and Non-Pharmacological Therapies For Parkinson’s Disease39. Treatment with chelator in Parkinson’s disease40. Treatment with deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease41. Olive leaf extract usage as an antioxidant and applications to Parkinson’s disease42. Treatment with Vitamin D for Parkinson’s disease43. Chemogenetics and applications for Parkinson’s disease44. Flavonoids and naringin usage in Parkinson’s disease45. Stem cells and applications to Parkinson’s disease46. Treatment with cannabis for Parkinson’s disease47. Treating sleep problems in Parkinson’s disease48. Perioperative treatments of Parkinson’s disease49. Exercise and Parkinson’s disease50. Molecular aspects: CB2 receptors and neuroprotection in Parkinson’s disease

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart I: Genetics, molecular and cellular biology 2. Alpha-synuclein gene and Parkinson’s diseaseAthina-Maria Simitsi, Chistos Koros and Leonidas Stefanis 3. The DJ-1 gene and protein: links with Parkinson’s diseaseVanessa J. Musco, Sarah J. Annesley and Paul R. Fisher 4. Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase: relevance to Parkinson’s diseaseGelareh Alam and Jason R. Richardson 5. Linking glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) variants and Parkinson’s diseasectoria Berge-Seidl and Mathias Toft 6. Astrocytes and microglia in Parkinson’s disease and animal modelsKatarzyna Kuter 7. The role of autophagy in Parkinson’s disease etiopathogenesisEmanuel Candeias, Jãao Duarte Magalhães, Daniel Santos, Helena Costa, Diana F. Silva, Ana Raquel Esteves and Sandra Morais Cardoso 8. The mitochondrial network in Parkinson’s diseaseAndreas Aufschnaiter, Verena Kohler and Sabrina Büttner 9. Signal transduction in Parkinson’s disease: modulation of neurotransmission, symptomatology, and therapyMattia Volta 10. Oxidative stress signaling and regulated cell death in Parkinson’s diseaseCarlos Velez-Pardo and Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio 11. Subcellular-specific alpha-synuclein in Parkinson’s diseaseBenjamin Rosen, Ketan S. Patil, Guido W. Alves and Simon G. Møller 12. Melanocortin 1 receptor: Parkinson’s disease, melanoma risk, and neuroprotectionGemma Tell-Marti, Joan Anton Puig-Butillé and Susana Puig 13. Energy regulation and Parkinson’s diseaseLiting Hang and Kah-Leong Lim 14. Linking rotigotine, Parkinson’s disease, and brain-derived neurotrophic factorKazuhiro Sohya, Kazunori O’Hashi and Hiroshi Kunugi Part II: Neurology, physiology and imaging 15. The different syndromes in Parkinson’s disease: an overviewNikolaos Giagkou and Maria Stamelou 16. Neuromolecular imaging in Parkinson’s diseasePatricia A. Broderick and Leslie Wenning 17. Interlinking brain mapping and Parkinson’s disease: MRI analysis, nigrosome 1 and nigrosome 4Eung Yeop Kim, Young Hee Sung and Jongho Lee 18. Interconnecting Parkinson’s disease: the use of computed tomography and microelectrode recording in DBS surgeryRyan B. Kochanski and Sepehr Sani 19. Linking diffusion tensor imaging, microstructures and Parkinson’s diseaseYu Zhang, Norbert Schuff, I-Wei Wu and Duygu Tosun 20. Detecting parkinsonian degeneration in lateroventral tier of substantia nigra pars compacta with MRIJason Langley, Daniel E. Huddleston and Xiaoping P. Hu 21. Vagal motoneurons in Parkinson’s diseaseRuth E. Musgrove, Wei-Hua Chiu and Joshua A. Goldberg 22. Circadian clock disruption and neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease: a new perspective Elisabetta Lauretti and Domenico Praticò 23. Motor cortex stimulation in Parkinson’s diseaseAngelo Lavano, Giusy Guzzi, Attilio Della Torre and Domenico La Torre 24. Action programming disorders associated with Parkinson’s diseaseKenneth M. Heilman 25. The striatal medium spiny neurons: what they are and how they link with Parkinson’s diseaseFu-Ming Zhou 26. Disruptions of frontostriatal language functions in Parkinson’s diseaseAdolfo M. García, Yamile Bocanegra, Agustina Birba, Juan Rafael Orozco-Arroyave, Lucas Sedeño and Agustín Ibañez 27. Alpha-synuclein and neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s diseaseTatiana Varanita and Luigi Bubacco 28. Tau and its interactions with other proteins in neurodegenerative diseasesKatelyn H. Mroczek, Sarah J. Annesley and Paul R. Fisher 29. Interaction between brain angiotensin and dopaminergic systems and Parkinson’s diseaseJose Luis Labandeira-Garcia, Pablo Garrido-Gil, Maria A. Pedrosa, Carmen M. Labandeira and Ana I. Rodriguez-Perez 30. Restoring dopamine levels in Parkinson’s disease: neuronal pathways, agonists and antiinflammatory agentsÁgatha Oliveira-Giacomelli, C.M. Albino, Hellio Danny Nóbrega de Souza and Henning Ulrich Part III: Behaviour and psychopathology 31. Motivation and motivational aspects of Parkinson’s diseaseAbdeslam Chagraoui, Emilie Puginier and Philippe De Deurwaerdère 32. Linking anxiety, cognitive and sensory deficits to gait and balance deficits in Parkinson’s diseaseQuincy J. Almeida 33. Motor programs interlinking gait and bradykinesia in Parkinson’s diseaseTateo Warabi, Kiyoharu Inoue and Nobuo Yanagisawa 34. Olfactory disturbances in Parkinson’s diseaseLais S. Rodrigues, Juliane Fagotti, Adriano D.S. Targa, Ana Carolina D. Noseda, Jessica L. Ilkiw, Flavia W.C. Dorieux and Marcelo M.S. Lima 35. Interlinking dementia in Parkinson’s disease: nutritional correlates of body compositionArthur Oscar Schelp, Jéssica Emy Komuro, José Eduardo Corrente and Silvia Justina Papini 36. The role of the gastrointestinal system and gut microbiota in Parkinson’s diseaseJade Kenna and Ryan S. Anderton 37. Swallowing impairment in Parkinson’s diseaseMaira Rozenfeld Olchik, Marina Padovani and Annelise Ayres 38. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and applications to Parkinson’s diseaseSvetlana Tomic 39. The efficacy of Bacopa monnieri extract in modulating Parkinson’s diseaseDr. Ravikumar Hosamani Part V: Models, modelling and resources 40. 6-hydroxydopamine-induced model of Parkinson’s diseaseKatarzyna Kaczynska and Kryspin Andrzejewski 41. Knockdown transgenic Drosophila and Parkinson’s diseaseMarlene Jimenez-Del-Rio and Carlos Velez-Pardo 42. Neuroprotection in animal models of Parkinson’s disease: exploring exercise, sound, and lightJohn Mitrofanis 43. Modeling with the A53T a-synuclein model of Parkinson’s diseaseThomas Musacchio, James B. Koprich and Chi Wang Ip 44. Linking the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene, animal models, and Parkinson’s diseaseYulan Xiong and Jianzhong Yu 45. Neuroscience of Parkinson’s disease: recommended reading and resourcesRajkumar Rajendram, Vinood B. Patel and Victor R. Preedy

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSection 1 – Zika Virus: Introductory Chapters1. Flaviviruses and where the Zika virus fits in: An overview2. The Zika virus: A brief overview3. The public health perspective of Zika virus-infection4. Zika virus as a potential pandemic5. Zika virus, symptomatic and asymptomatic travellers6. Microcephaly: features, and impact7. Microcephaly and Zika virus: a short and focused overview8. Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Zika viral infections9. Non neurological effects of Zika virus infection10. Guillain-Barré syndrome11. Quality of life in mothers of children with microcephaly Section 2 – Impact on Neurological Systems 12. Zika virus, immunobiology and autoimmune neurological syndromes in Calcutta13. Impact on Zika virus on paralysis and neuro-inflammation: Jamacian aspects14. Linking Guillain-Barré and Zika virus infection15. Puerto Rico aspects: Linking Zika virus infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome16. Zika virus infection and cytokines17. Linking microRNAs, Wnt signaling pathway and Zika virus18. Neuronal conduction in Guillain-Barre syndrome19. Features of Guillain-Barré syndrome with or without Zika virus20. Auditory brainstem in Zika virus infection21. Neurology without microcephaly in Zika virus22. Neurologic manifestations, Zika virus and the adult brain23. Infantile Spasms in offspring due to maternal Zika virus24. Encephalomyelitis and Zika virus infection25. Cerebrospinal fluid in microcephaly of Zika virus26. The developing neocortex in Zika virus infection27. Glial cell development and Zika virus28. Myelination, microcephaly and Zika virus29. Neuronal apoptosis in congenital Zika virus infection30. Zika virus and fetal imaging31. PET Imaging and neuroinflammation in Zika Virus-Infection32. Neonatal brain magnetic resonance and normocephalics in Zika virus infection33. Zika virus and adult human brain structure Section 3 – Features of the Virus and Transmission34. Zika virus and codon usage bias35. Comparing Zika virus transmission with other viruses: Chikungunya virus36. Vectors of Zika virus transmission: Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus37. Linking Zika virus, dengue virus and modes of transmission38. Breast milk and mother-to-child transmission39. Zika virus due to sexual transmission

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSection 1 – Methods, Biomarkers, and Diagnosis1. Imaging Zika virus infection2. Use of CRISPR: applications to flaviviruses3. Methods of investigating neurotoxicity of larvicides: applications of systems biology4. Methods for the detection of Zika virus infectivity Section 2 – Vector Control, Vaccines, Pharmacology 5. Vector control and Zika virus: a focus on mosquitoes6. Vector control: a focus on rural household containers: applications to Zika virus7. Zika virus Vaccines: an overview8. Novel treatment with 2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinoline analogs in Zika infection in vitro9. Zika virus use of human neutralizing antibody in microcephaly prevention: a modelling system10. Policies on Zika virus Control Section 3 – Novel and Non-Pharmacologic Therapies11. Role of the pediatric neurologist in treating Zika virus syndrome12. 25-Hydroxycholesterol usage in Zika Virus Infection13. Screening and inhibition of the flavivirus NS2B-NS3 protease: application to zika virus14. Gene silencing and applications to zika virus15. Screening phytochemicals that react against Zika virus Section 4 – Models and Modelling16. Guinea pig model of Zika virus: features and applications17. Rat model of Zika virus: features and applications18. Mouse model of Zika virus: features and applications19. Modelling Zika virus in the USA20. Modelling Zika virus infection in laboratory animals: impact on neurological systems Section 5 – Neuroscience of Guillain-Barré Syndrome21. Severe Guillain-Barré Syndrome22. Plasmablasts, plasma and neurotoxic antibodies in Guillain-Barré syndrome23. Oxidative stress in Guillain-Barré Syndrome and linkage with neurology24. Neuromuscular effects and rehabilitation in Guillain-Barré syndrome25. Post-infectious demyelinating diseases: Guillain-Barré syndrome and beyond Section 6 – Neuroscience of Microcephaly26. Microcephaly and developmental delays27. Congenital microcephaly: features and risk factors28. Microcephaly in fetal alcohol syndrome29. Microcephaly in genetic disorders: the case of MFSD2A and hypomyelination30. Folate metabolism, 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase and microcephaly Section 7 – International Aspects31. Zika Virus in Honduras32. Zika Virus in Uganda33. Zika Virus in Jamaica34. Zika virus in Mozambique35. Zika virus in Brazil Section 8 – Case Reports36. Case reports: Zika and Chikungunya virus infection37. Case reports: Zika virus neuroretinitis38. Case reports: Zika virus infection in Singapore39. Case reports: Coinfection with Zika virus and dengue-2 viruses40. Case report: Guillain-Barré and Zika virus infection

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Book SynopsisA book about how people and machines work together, and how we design machines to replicate and amplify what we can do ourselves.Trade Review"Vogel writes with his typical, easy-as-pi style that epitomizes his intense curiosity for all things round. Gear up to read topics revolving around tools, toys, machines, and even animals. Ever the spokesman for experiments, Vogel goes full circle by ending with an appendix filled with DIY physical models. Whether you're a tinkerer in the garage, an inquisitive self-educator, or a budding biomechanist, this page-turner will round out your knowledge of circular motion." --Anna Ahn, Harvey Mudd College "A revolution about revolutions, Why the Wheel Is Round is Vogel's microhistory of humans doing what doesn't come naturally: creating and powering rotational tools and machines. To make muscle-powered rotary machinery -- querns, bow drills, whims, lathes, and horse ferries -- requires the invention of axels, cranks, and ropes. How this clever technology works, and why it works the way it does, is revealed clearly through the lens of biomechanics. Vogel is fascinated by spins, turns, and twists, and his enthusiasm for the artifacts around us is more than infectious. He incites an urge to invent and build, and, fortunately, includes instructions for doing so. Happiness runs in a circular motion." --John Long, author of Darwin's Devices: What Evolving Robots Can Teach Us about the History of Life and the Future of Technology "Reading this book, I found myself being pulled along by the curiosity of Vogel as he connects the power provided by the muscles of humans and animals with the immense variety of rotating objects invented over the course of human history. Despite the book's title, wheels are only one part of the story. Firmly grounded in Vogel's deep understanding of physical principles, the book is as informative as it is entertaining." --Richard Marsh, Brown University

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Book SynopsisWhy do we eat? Is it instinct, or some other impetus? Despite the necessity of food, anxieties about what and how to eat are widespread in our culture, and scientists and physicians continue to have shifting theories about the phenomenon of appetite and its causes and norms. In Appetite and Its Discontents, Elizabeth A. Williams charts the history of inquiry into appetite between 1750 and 1950, as scientific and medical concepts of appetite shifted alongside developments in physiology, natural history, psychology, and ethology. Williams argues that trust in appetite was undermined in the mid-eighteenth century, when researchers who investigated ingestion and digestion began claiming that science alone could say which ways of eating were healthy and which were not. Tracing nineteenth- and twentieth-century conflicts over the nature of appetite, Williams explores contemporary worries about eating through the lens of science and medicine to show us how appetite--once a matter of persoTrade Review"An exceptionally well-researched and detailed examination of appetite as an object of scientific and medical inquiry. Despite its strict focus on disciplinary debates, the gendered dimensions of appetite, particularly appetite disorders, is afforded attention throughout the book. Williams is careful to comment on the oppressive aspects of health as defined by scientific medicine and the potentially stigmatizing effects for those who deviate from normative frameworks. Graduate students and scholars interested in medicalization and healthism would benefit from reading this work. Fat studies scholars may also find this book of interest as Williams discusses the shifting conceptualization of 'obesity' and the drive toward thinness as a marker of health and well-being." * Food, Culture & Society *"Historian of Science Elizabeth Williams' wonderful new book Appetite and its Discontents: Science, Medicine and the Urge to Eat, 1750–1950 offers a fascinating, erudite, and illuminating narrative of the complex and contested relationship between appetite and scientific research, using changing scientific understandings of the appetite as a way for telling a distinct narrative of modernity. . . . the author pulls together scientists and practitioners from a remarkably wide array of disciplinary backgrounds, and from across Europe and the United States, to paint a story of the gradual transformation of appetite from a natural and ultimately positive aspect of the human condition to something both troublesome and misleading. In so doing, this book defines a key yet previously ignored topic of historical research, narrating shifts in scientific thinking that have profound implications for understanding contemporary society." * Journal of the History of Behavioral Sciences *"Deeply researched. . . . [Williams] has written what is undoubtedly the most comprehensive account of scientific and medical thinking since the Enlightenment about appetite. Her book is clearly and elegantly written, prodigiously researched and copiously referenced. It should be essential reading for historians of science, medicine and food." * Social History of Medicine *"Williams displays remarkable skill and encyclopedic knowledge in mining the output of scholars and practitioners in a wide range of fields for their thought and research on appetite. . . . Williams's book is carefully researched and that she has provided a great resource for anyone interested in expanding the history of appetite, or anyone interested in related fields such as the history of nutrition." * British Journal for the History of Science *"This fascinating book, magisterial and yet accessible, opens up broad questions about human life and culture through a careful focus on the meaning of appetite as a central, albeit often ill examined, 'natural' human drive. . . . Chapter by elegant chapter, the author elucidates contextual changes and deftly illustrates significant arguments through focused analyses covering Hippocrates and Aristotle through 20th-century psychiatry and psychoanalysis. The limitations set by the author for cogent analysis scarcely limit the connections that will reward readers, from central themes of gender and identities to relationships of appetite and larger systems of production and consumption, especially as she poses questions linking these historical processes to contemporary issues that permeate science, medicine, and Western culture more generally. . . . Rewarding and stimulating. . . . Recommended." * CHOICE *"Excellent. . . . A fascinating commentary on the current state of thinking as regards questions of appetite. . . . Appetite and its Discontents is a work to be celebrated not only by historians of medicine but by many others besides. . . . [Williams's] work represents something like an invitation to further research and discovery, encouraging expansion and curiosity." * European Journal for the History of Medicine and Health *"The narrative covers not only a broad swathe of time, but a huge range of disciplines impinging on the activity of eating. . . . The text is copiously referenced and well written in a solidly factual style. It will appeal to those interested in how something we all intuitively think we understand is actually very hard to pin down." * The Biologist (UK) *"A magisterial historical overview of research on the physiology and psychology of hunger. [Williams] makes clear how this long history continues to inform modern approaches to eating, and her book is essential reading for anyone interested in either historical or contemporary notions of appetite. . . . Williams sketches an unusually broad and inclusive arc of medical inquiry into an ephemeral sensation that precisely resisted the kind of disciplinary classification that its researchers frequently tried to bestow upon it. Readers will become intimately familiar with the plurality of investigators, methods, and texts that comprise appetite's fascinating history. . . . This book thoroughly impresses with its ambitions, scope, and execution. Williams has certainly achieved her primary goals. She vividly illustrates the convoluted historical processes by which appetite became an 'object' for scientists and physicians from numerous disciplines to investigate and ultimately control. Perhaps even more significantly, she suggests how an awareness of the many contested philosophies and approaches employed to understand the fickle sensation of hunger may help restore a freedom to modern appetites increasingly governed by scientific rigidity and expert advice." * New Mexico Historical Review *"What kind of phenomenon is appetite? Is it a natural thing or something driven by the availability of culinary luxury? Can be appetite be trusted as a guide to good eating or something that should be moralized or managed? . . . [Williams] records thinking that saw (and still see) appetite as a division or union between mind and body, questions what is normal and what is pathological, and asks is appetite a personal responsibility or something we can turn over (or blame) on dietetic authorities. Eventually and inevitably, she comes to examine attitudes toward obesity, with wide ranging theories including glandular, pathological fat tissue, maladies of nutrition, heredity, or habit." * CHoW Line *"Williams has written a fascinating and comprehensive history of the efforts of Western science and medicine to elucidate the functions and dysfunctions of appetite from the eighteenth century to the present. Her analysis of the myriad disciplinary and clinical studies on this elusive entity yields new and important insights into the evolution of methods and experiments on hunger and eating in medical and scientific practice against the background of the dramatic changes in the food supply over time. This deeply learned history has lessons galore for all us contemporary eaters." -- Robert A. Nye, Oregon State University"There is no equivalent scientific history of appetite available today. This book is the product of immense and extraordinarily wide-ranging research and it provides an important public service: it shows the narrow historical limits of current frames for thinking about appetite and obesity, and vividly brings alive other ways of thinking which once held sway. I strongly recommend it." -- Dana Simmons, University of California, Riverside"Appetite and Its Discontents interrogates the myriad ways in which scientists in the fields of natural history, physiology, medicine, psychology, and ethology conceptualized the phenomenon of appetite, differentiated it from hunger, and identified it as an important object of study. . . . a deeply researched monograph." * Isis *"Williams' study is an instructive and stimulating treasure trove of insights about appetite spanning more than two centuries... She reminds us of how fruitful it is to historicize food and nutrition alongside social debates on responsibility." * NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin (translated from German) *“A novel and compelling addition to a growing body of work focused on the complex historical relationship between humans and food, Appetite and Its Discontents is sprawling and well researched, presenting broad overviews as well as specific case studies that trace a well-supported historical lineage. The text is a welcome contribution to historiographies of science, medicine, and nutrition, and may be of particular interest to scholars and students in these fields as well as those interested in histories of psychology, science and technology studies, and epistemology at large.” * H-Net Reviews *"Since appetite is so key to organisms’ basic survival yet also firmly rooted in both body and mind, it continues to pose urgent but unanswerable questions for society—and Williams’s history of appetite shows us that we should not necessarily wait for scientists to answer them for us. In this book, she convincingly demonstrates, by carefully tracing the contours of important disciplinary debates, that there has never been clear scientific consensus around the ontology of appetite... Those interested in the narrow scientific or medical history of appetite will find Appetite and Its Discontents to be a detailed, overdue addition to the conversation." * Early American Literature *"It is one of the many merits of Williams’s book that it not only gives a clear account of the medical history of the study of appetite, but also raises so many more intriguing questions for further research." * Journal of Modern History *Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Introduction Part One Anxieties of Appetite: Created Needs in the Enlightenment, 1750–1800 Introduction to Part One 1 Why We Eat: The Ancient Legacy 2 “False or Defective” Appetite in the Medical Enlightenment 3 Human and Animal Appetite in Natural History and Physiology Part Two The Elusiveness of Appetite: Laboratory and Clinic, 1800–1850 Introduction to Part Two 4 Perils and Pleasures of Appetite at 1800: Xavier Bichat and Erasmus Darwin 5 The Physiology of Appetite to 1850 6 Extremes and Perplexities of Appetite in Clinical Medicine Part Three Intelligent or “Blind and Unconscious”? Appetite, 1850–1900 Introduction to Part Three 7 The Drive to Eat in Nutritional Physiology 8 The Psychology of Ingestion: Appetite in Physiological and Animal Psychology 9 Peripheral or Central? Disordered Eating in Clinical Medicine Part Four Appetite as a Scientific Object, 1900–1950 Introduction to Part Four 10 Psyche, Nerves, and Hormones in the Physiology of Ingestion 11 Appetite and the Nature-Nurture Divide: Eating Behavior in Psychology and Ethology 12 Somatic, Psychic, Psychosomatic: The Medicine of Troubled Appetite Epilogue: Appetite after 1950 Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"An exceptionally well-researched and detailed examination of appetite as an object of scientific and medical inquiry. Despite its strict focus on disciplinary debates, the gendered dimensions of appetite, particularly appetite disorders, is afforded attention throughout the book. Williams is careful to comment on the oppressive aspects of health as defined by scientific medicine and the potentially stigmatizing effects for those who deviate from normative frameworks. Graduate students and scholars interested in medicalization and healthism would benefit from reading this work. Fat studies scholars may also find this book of interest as Williams discusses the shifting conceptualization of 'obesity' and the drive toward thinness as a marker of health and well-being." * Food, Culture & Society *"Historian of Science Elizabeth Williams' wonderful new book Appetite and its Discontents: Science, Medicine and the Urge to Eat, 1750–1950 offers a fascinating, erudite, and illuminating narrative of the complex and contested relationship between appetite and scientific research, using changing scientific understandings of the appetite as a way for telling a distinct narrative of modernity. . . . the author pulls together scientists and practitioners from a remarkably wide array of disciplinary backgrounds, and from across Europe and the United States, to paint a story of the gradual transformation of appetite from a natural and ultimately positive aspect of the human condition to something both troublesome and misleading. In so doing, this book defines a key yet previously ignored topic of historical research, narrating shifts in scientific thinking that have profound implications for understanding contemporary society." * Journal of the History of Behavioral Sciences *"Deeply researched. . . . [Williams] has written what is undoubtedly the most comprehensive account of scientific and medical thinking since the Enlightenment about appetite. Her book is clearly and elegantly written, prodigiously researched and copiously referenced. It should be essential reading for historians of science, medicine and food." * Social History of Medicine *"Williams displays remarkable skill and encyclopedic knowledge in mining the output of scholars and practitioners in a wide range of fields for their thought and research on appetite. . . . Williams's book is carefully researched and that she has provided a great resource for anyone interested in expanding the history of appetite, or anyone interested in related fields such as the history of nutrition." * British Journal for the History of Science *"This fascinating book, magisterial and yet accessible, opens up broad questions about human life and culture through a careful focus on the meaning of appetite as a central, albeit often ill examined, 'natural' human drive. . . . Chapter by elegant chapter, the author elucidates contextual changes and deftly illustrates significant arguments through focused analyses covering Hippocrates and Aristotle through 20th-century psychiatry and psychoanalysis. The limitations set by the author for cogent analysis scarcely limit the connections that will reward readers, from central themes of gender and identities to relationships of appetite and larger systems of production and consumption, especially as she poses questions linking these historical processes to contemporary issues that permeate science, medicine, and Western culture more generally. . . . Rewarding and stimulating. . . . Recommended." * CHOICE *"Excellent. . . . A fascinating commentary on the current state of thinking as regards questions of appetite. . . . Appetite and its Discontents is a work to be celebrated not only by historians of medicine but by many others besides. . . . [Williams's] work represents something like an invitation to further research and discovery, encouraging expansion and curiosity." * European Journal for the History of Medicine and Health *"The narrative covers not only a broad swathe of time, but a huge range of disciplines impinging on the activity of eating. . . . The text is copiously referenced and well written in a solidly factual style. It will appeal to those interested in how something we all intuitively think we understand is actually very hard to pin down." * The Biologist (UK) *"A magisterial historical overview of research on the physiology and psychology of hunger. [Williams] makes clear how this long history continues to inform modern approaches to eating, and her book is essential reading for anyone interested in either historical or contemporary notions of appetite. . . . Williams sketches an unusually broad and inclusive arc of medical inquiry into an ephemeral sensation that precisely resisted the kind of disciplinary classification that its researchers frequently tried to bestow upon it. Readers will become intimately familiar with the plurality of investigators, methods, and texts that comprise appetite's fascinating history. . . . This book thoroughly impresses with its ambitions, scope, and execution. Williams has certainly achieved her primary goals. She vividly illustrates the convoluted historical processes by which appetite became an 'object' for scientists and physicians from numerous disciplines to investigate and ultimately control. Perhaps even more significantly, she suggests how an awareness of the many contested philosophies and approaches employed to understand the fickle sensation of hunger may help restore a freedom to modern appetites increasingly governed by scientific rigidity and expert advice." * New Mexico Historical Review *"What kind of phenomenon is appetite? Is it a natural thing or something driven by the availability of culinary luxury? Can be appetite be trusted as a guide to good eating or something that should be moralized or managed? . . . [Williams] records thinking that saw (and still see) appetite as a division or union between mind and body, questions what is normal and what is pathological, and asks is appetite a personal responsibility or something we can turn over (or blame) on dietetic authorities. Eventually and inevitably, she comes to examine attitudes toward obesity, with wide ranging theories including glandular, pathological fat tissue, maladies of nutrition, heredity, or habit." * CHoW Line *"Williams has written a fascinating and comprehensive history of the efforts of Western science and medicine to elucidate the functions and dysfunctions of appetite from the eighteenth century to the present. Her analysis of the myriad disciplinary and clinical studies on this elusive entity yields new and important insights into the evolution of methods and experiments on hunger and eating in medical and scientific practice against the background of the dramatic changes in the food supply over time. This deeply learned history has lessons galore for all us contemporary eaters." -- Robert A. Nye, Oregon State University"There is no equivalent scientific history of appetite available today. This book is the product of immense and extraordinarily wide-ranging research and it provides an important public service: it shows the narrow historical limits of current frames for thinking about appetite and obesity, and vividly brings alive other ways of thinking which once held sway. I strongly recommend it." -- Dana Simmons, University of California, Riverside"Appetite and Its Discontents interrogates the myriad ways in which scientists in the fields of natural history, physiology, medicine, psychology, and ethology conceptualized the phenomenon of appetite, differentiated it from hunger, and identified it as an important object of study. . . . a deeply researched monograph." * Isis *"Williams' study is an instructive and stimulating treasure trove of insights about appetite spanning more than two centuries... She reminds us of how fruitful it is to historicize food and nutrition alongside social debates on responsibility." * NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin (translated from German) *“A novel and compelling addition to a growing body of work focused on the complex historical relationship between humans and food, Appetite and Its Discontents is sprawling and well researched, presenting broad overviews as well as specific case studies that trace a well-supported historical lineage. The text is a welcome contribution to historiographies of science, medicine, and nutrition, and may be of particular interest to scholars and students in these fields as well as those interested in histories of psychology, science and technology studies, and epistemology at large.” * H-Net Reviews *"Since appetite is so key to organisms’ basic survival yet also firmly rooted in both body and mind, it continues to pose urgent but unanswerable questions for society—and Williams’s history of appetite shows us that we should not necessarily wait for scientists to answer them for us. In this book, she convincingly demonstrates, by carefully tracing the contours of important disciplinary debates, that there has never been clear scientific consensus around the ontology of appetite... Those interested in the narrow scientific or medical history of appetite will find Appetite and Its Discontents to be a detailed, overdue addition to the conversation." * Early American Literature *"It is one of the many merits of Williams’s book that it not only gives a clear account of the medical history of the study of appetite, but also raises so many more intriguing questions for further research." * Journal of Modern History *Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Introduction Part One Anxieties of Appetite: Created Needs in the Enlightenment, 1750–1800 Introduction to Part One 1 Why We Eat: The Ancient Legacy 2 “False or Defective” Appetite in the Medical Enlightenment 3 Human and Animal Appetite in Natural History and Physiology Part Two The Elusiveness of Appetite: Laboratory and Clinic, 1800–1850 Introduction to Part Two 4 Perils and Pleasures of Appetite at 1800: Xavier Bichat and Erasmus Darwin 5 The Physiology of Appetite to 1850 6 Extremes and Perplexities of Appetite in Clinical Medicine Part Three Intelligent or “Blind and Unconscious”? Appetite, 1850–1900 Introduction to Part Three 7 The Drive to Eat in Nutritional Physiology 8 The Psychology of Ingestion: Appetite in Physiological and Animal Psychology 9 Peripheral or Central? Disordered Eating in Clinical Medicine Part Four Appetite as a Scientific Object, 1900–1950 Introduction to Part Four 10 Psyche, Nerves, and Hormones in the Physiology of Ingestion 11 Appetite and the Nature-Nurture Divide: Eating Behavior in Psychology and Ethology 12 Somatic, Psychic, Psychosomatic: The Medicine of Troubled Appetite Epilogue: Appetite after 1950 Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisDistilling a vast amount of research in a style that is engaging, conversational, and even personal and witty, this book opens readers’ eyes to the complexity and significance of the humble knee.Trade ReviewHan Yu provides an engaging and accessible meditation on the human knee—its evolution, its structure, its function, its pathologies, its weaknesses, as well as its roles in society and fashion, the feminist and equality movements, and aggression. Who knew there were so many ways to view the human knee? -- Ian Tattersall, curator emeritus, American Museum of Natural HistoryWalking will never be the same. Kudos to Han Yu for exploring the functional development, frailties, and cultural impacts of this seemingly simple hinge joint. In a conversational tone, she bridges topics as disparate as women’s fashions, martial arts, therapeutic heat, and police tactics. Wonderful stories, personal anecdotes, and summaries of scientific investigations combine to provide the reader with openings for many stimulating dinnertime conversations. Who knew that flapper girls applied rouge to their knees to attract further attention? -- Roy A. Meals, MD, orthopedic surgeon and author of Bones, Inside and OutAs fun and entertaining as it is erudite and well-researched, this book is a very comprehensive look at an overlooked part of our anatomy, warts and all. -- Nathan H. Lents, author of Human Errors: A Panorama of Our Glitches, from Pointless Bones to Broken GenesIn this enlightening blend of science and cultural history, Yu (Mind Thief), an English professor at Kansas State University, considers the evolution and physiology of the human knee, as well as its role in fashion and customs. Yu excels at identifying colorful material on an ostensibly mundane subject, and lay readers will appreciate the accessible prose. This makes for an animated and wide-ranging exploration of an unassuming body part. * Publishers Weekly *Highly recommended. * Choice Reviews *Highly recommended. * American Library Association (ALA) *Table of Contents1. Knees Before the Brain2. Confused Anatomy3. Bare Knees, Dicey Power4. The Weaker Sex?5. To Kneel, or Not to Kneel6. Treatment, or Placebo7. The Hurtful Knee8. Race and Money9. Last WordsNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisA graphic novel exploring amputation, revealing details about famous amputees throughout history, the invention of the tourniquet, phantom limb syndrome, types of prostheses, and transhumanist technologies. Trade Review“This surprisingly delightful and empathetic examination offers an exemplar in the graphic medicine genre.”—starred review Publishers Weekly“Charming art and a fascinating (and a little gruesome!) subject. I learned so much—loved it!”—Sydney Padua,author of The Thrilling Adventures of Lovelace and Babbage“From Egyptian amputation to transhumanism, this engaging and entertaining exploration of what it means to modify the human body captivates on every page.”—E. Paul Zehr,author of Chasing Captain America: How Advances in Science, Engineering, and Biotechnology Will Produce a Superhuman“Medical illustrators and readers seeking a history of evolving healthcare technology will enjoy this work as an entertaining exploration describing modification of the human body.”—David James Dries Doody's Review Service“An entertaining and fascinating read.”—Brigid Alverson School Library Journal

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Book SynopsisAn introduction to introductory human anatomy and physiology. It offers a fresh approach that incorporates crime scenes, superheroes and more. It presents material from easily understood comparisons to help you learn about A&P from a real-world point of view.Table of ContentsUnit 1 Constituents of the Human Body Lesson 1 Scientific Inquiry and the Human Body Activity 1. Investigating the Proportionality Rule Activity 2. The Scientific Method in Anatomy and Physiology Activity 3. Error in Scientific Inquiry Lesson 2 Organization of the Body and the Language of Anatomy Activity 1. Levels of Organization and Organ Systems Activity 2. Major Regions, Landmarks, and Cavities Activity 3. System of Terminology and Anatomical Relationships Lesson 3 Inner World of the Cell Activity 1. Cell Structure and Function Activity 2. DNA Extraction and Analysis Activity 3. Transport in the Cell Activity 4. Life Cycle of the Cell Lesson 4 Tissues: Organization and Classification Activity 1. Epithelial Tissues Activity 2. Connective Tissues Activity 3. Muscle and Nervous Tissues Unit 2 Support and Movement Lesson 5 The Musculoskeletal System Activity 1. Organization of the Skeletal System Activity 2. Organization of the Muscular System Lesson 6 The Skeletal System Activity 1. Bone Structure and Function Activity 2. The Axial Skeleton Activity 3. The Appendicular Skeleton Activity 4. Joints Lesson 7 The Muscular System Activity 1. Muscle Structure and Function Activity 2. Muscles of the Head and Face Activity 3. Muscles of the Core Activity 4. Muscles of the Upper and Lower Extremities Lesson 8 The Integrated Musculoskeletal System Activity 1. Range of Motion Unit 3 Communication, Control, and Integration Lesson 9 The Nervous System Activity 1. Neurons and Nerve Tissue Activity 2. Organization of the Nervous System and Nerve Reflexes Activity 3. The Central Nervous System (CNS) Activity 4. The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Lesson 10 The Sensory Systems Activity 1. General Senses Activity 2. Special Senses Lesson 11 The Endocrine System Activity 1. Endocrine Glands and Hormones Unit 4 Transportation and Defense Lesson 12 The Cardiovascular System Activity 1. Blood Activity 2. Blood Vessels and the Paths of Circulation Activity 3. The Heart Lesson 13 The Lymphatic and Immune Systems Activity 1. Nodes, Organs, and Pathways in the Lymphatic System Activity 2. The Immune Response Lesson 14 The Integumentary System Activity 1. Structure of the Skin Unit 5 Respiration, Nutrition, and Excretion Lesson 15 The Digestive System Activity 1. Digestive Organs Activity 2. Digestive Enzymes Lesson 16 The Respiratory System Activity 1. Respiratory Organs Activity 2. Breathing Lesson 17 The Urinary System Activity 1. Urinary Organs Activity 2. Urinalysis Unit 6 Reproduction and Development Lesson 18 The Reproductive System Activity 1. Male Reproductive System Activity 2. Female Reproductive System Lesson 19 Heredity Activity 1. Heredity

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Book SynopsisA study guide for "Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology" textbook. It offers insights and guidance that help you master anatomy and physiology. It features detailed advice on achieving good grades, getting the most out of the textbook, and using visual memory as a learning tool.Table of ContentsUnit 1: Constituents of the Human Body 1. Organization of the Human Body 2. The Chemistry of Life 3. Anatomy of Cells 4. Physiology of Cells 5. Cell Growth and Reproduction 6. Tissues and Their Functions Unit 2: Support and Movement 7. Skin and Its Appendages 8. Skeletal Tissues 9. Bones and Joints 10. Muscular System Unit 3: Communication, Control, and Integration 11. Cells of the Nervous System 12. Central Nervous System 13. Peripheral Nervous System 14. Sense Organs 15. Endocrine System Unit 4 Transportation and Defense 16. Blood 17. Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System 18. Physiology of the Cardiovascular System 19. Lymphatic and Immune Systems Unit 5 Respiration, Nutrition, and Excretion 20. Respiratory System 21. Digestive System 22. Nutrition and Metabolism 23. Urinary System and Fluid Balance Unit 6 Reproduction and Development 24. Male Reproductive System 25. Female Reproductive System 26. Growth and Development 27. Human Genetics and Heredity

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart ONE PRINCIPLES OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 1 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOMOLECULES Water Is the Solvent of Life Water Contains Hydronium Ions and Hydroxyl Ions Ionizable Groups Are Characterized by Their pK Values The Blood pH is Tightly Regulated Acidosis and Alkalosis Are Common in Clinical Practice Bonds Are Formed by Reactions between Functional Groups Isomeric Forms Are Common in Biomolecules Properties of Biomolecules Are Determined by Their Noncovalent Interactions Triglycerides Consist of Fatty Acids and Glycerol Monosaccharides Are Polyalcohols with a Keto Group or an Aldehyde Group Monosaccharides Form Ring Structures Complex Carbohydrates Are Formed by Glycosidic Bonds Polypeptides Are Formed from Amino Acids Nucleic Acids Are Formed from Nucleotides Most Biomolecules Are Polymers Summary Chapter 2 INTRODUCTION TO PROTEIN STRUCTURE Amino Acids Are Zwitterions Amino Acid Side Chains Form Many Noncovalent Interactions Peptide Bonds and Disulfide Bonds Form the Primary Structure of Proteins Proteins Can Fold Themselves into Many Shapes a-Helix and ß-Pleated Sheet Are the Most Common Secondary Structures in Proteins Globular Proteins Have a Hydrophobic Core Proteins Lose Their Biological Activities When Their Higher-Order Structure Is Destroyed The Solubility of Proteins Depends on pH and Salt Concentration Proteins Absorb Ultraviolet Radiation Proteins Can Be Separated by Their Charge or Their Molecular Weight Abnormal Protein Aggregates Can Cause Disease Neurodegenerative Diseases Are Caused by Protein Aggregates Protein Misfolding Can Be Contagious Summary Chapter 3 OXYGEN TRANSPORTERS: HEMOGLOBIN AND MYOGLOBIN The Heme Group Is the Oxygen-Binding Site of Hemoglobin and Myoglobin Myoglobin Is a Tightly Packed Globular Protein Red Blood Cells Are Specialized for Oxygen Transport The Hemoglobins Are Tetrameric Proteins Oxygenated and Deoxygenated Hemoglobin Have Different Quaternary Structures Oxygen Binding to Hemoglobin Is Cooperative 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate Is a Negative Allosteric Effector of Oxygen Binding to Hemoglobin Fetal Hemoglobin Has a Higher Oxygen-Binding Affinity than Does Adult Hemoglobin The Bohr Effect Facilitates Oxygen Delivery Most Carbon Dioxide Is Transported as Bicarbonate Summary 38 Chapter 4 ENZYMATIC REACTIONS 39 The Equilibrium Constant Describes the Equilibrium of the Reaction The Free Energy Change Is the Driving Force for Chemical Reactions The Standard Free Energy Change Determines the Equilibrium Enzymes Are Both Powerful and Selective The Substrate Must Bind to Its Enzyme before the Reaction Can Proceed Rate Constants Are Useful for Describing Reaction Rates Enzymes Decrease the Free Energy of Activation Many Enzymatic Reactions Can Be Described by Michaelis-Menten Kinetics Km and Vmax Can Be Determined Graphically Substrate Half-Life Can Be Determined for First-Order but Not Zero-Order Reactions Kcat/Km Predicts the Enzyme Activity at Low Substrate Concentration Allosteric Enzymes Do Not Conform to Michaelis-Menten Kinetics Enzyme Activity Depends on Temperature and pH Different Types of Reversible Enzyme Inhibition Can Be Distinguished Kinetically Enzymes Stabilize the Transition State Chymotrypsin Forms a Transient Covalent Bond during Catalysis Summary Chapter 5 COENZYMES Enzymes Are Classified According to Their Reaction Type Adenosine Triphosphate Has Two Energy-Rich Bonds ATP Is the Phosphate Donor in Phosphorylation Reactions ATP Hydrolysis Drives Endergonic Reactions Cells Always Try to Maintain a High Energy Charge Dehydrogenase Reactions Require Specialized Coenzymes Coenzyme A Activates Organic Acids S-Adenosyl Methionine Donates Methyl Groups Many Enzymes Require a Metal Ion Summary Part TWO GENETIC INFORMATION: DNA, RNA, AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Chapter 6 DNA, RNA, AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS All Living Organisms Use DNA as Their Genetic Databank DNA Contains Four Bases DNA Forms a Double Helix DNA Can Be Denatured DNA Is Supercoiled DNA Replication Is Semiconservative DNA Is Synthesized by DNA Polymerases DNA Polymerases Have Exonuclease Activities Unwinding Proteins Present a Single-Stranded Template to the DNA Polymerases One of the New DNA Strands Is Synthesized Discontinuously RNA Plays Key Roles in Gene Expression The S Subunit Recognizes Promoters DNA Is Faithfully Copied into RNA Some RNAs Are Chemically Modified after Transcription The Genetic Code Defines the Structural Relationship between mRNA and Polypeptide Transfer RNA Is the Adapter Molecule in Protein Synthesis Amino Acids Are Activated by an Ester Bond with the 3' Terminus of the tRNA Many Transfer RNAs Recognize More than One Codon Ribosomes Are the Workbenches for Protein Synthesis The Initiation Complex Brings Together Ribosome, Messenger RNA, and Initiator tRNA Polypeptides Grow Stepwise from the Amino Terminus to the Carboxyl Terminus Protein Synthesis Is Energetically Expensive Gene Expression Is Tightly Regulated A Repressor Protein Regulates Transcription of the lac Operon in E. coli Anabolic Operons Are Repressed by the End Product of the Pathway Glucose Regulates the Transcription of Many Catabolic Operons Transcriptional Regulation Depends on DNA-Binding Proteins Summary Chapter 7 THE HUMAN GENOME Chromatin Consists of DNA and Histones The Nucleosome Is the Structural Unit of Chromatin Covalent Histone Modifications Regulate DNA Replication and Transcription DNA Methylation Silences Genes All Eukaryotic Chromosomes Have a Centromere, Telomeres, and Replication Origins Telomerase Is Required (but Not Sufficient) for Immortality Eukaryotic DNA Replication Requires Three DNA Polymerases Most Human DNA Does Not Code for Proteins Gene Families Originate by Gene Duplication The Genome Contains Many Tandem Repeats Some DNA Sequences Are Copies of Functional RNAs Many Repetitive DNA Sequences Are (or Were) Mobile L1 Elements Encode a Reverse Transcriptase Alu Sequences Spread with the Help of L1 Reverse Transcriptase Mobile Elements Are Dangerous Humans Have Approximately 20,000 Genes Transcriptional Initiation Requires General Transcription Factors Genes Are Surrounded by Regulatory Sites Gene Expression Is Regulated by DNA-Binding Proteins Long Non-coding RNAs Play Roles in Gene Expression mRNA Processing Starts during Transcription Translational Initiation Requires Many Initiation Factors mRNA Processing and Translation Are Often Regulated Small RNA Molecules Inhibit Gene Expression Mitochondria Have Their Own DNA Human Genomes Are Very Diverse Human Genomes Have Many Low-Frequency Copy Number Variations Summary Chapter 8 PROTEIN TARGETING AND PROTEOSTASIS A Signal Sequence Directs Polypeptides to the Endoplasmic Reticulum Glycoproteins Are Processed in the Secretory Pathway The Endocytic Pathway Brings Proteins into the Cell Lysosomes Are Organelles of Intracellular Digestion Autophagy Recycles Cellular Proteins and Organelles Poorly Folded Proteins Are Either Repaired or Destroyed Ubiquitin Markes Proteins for Destruction The Proteostatic System Protects Cells from Abnormal Proteins Summary Chapter 9 INTRODUCTION TO GENETIC DISEASES Four Types of Genetic Disease Mutations Occur in the Germline and in Somatic Cells Mutations Are an Important Cause of Poor Health Small Mutations Lead to Abnormal Proteins Most Mutations Are Caused by Replication Errors Mutations Can Be Induced by Radiation and Chemicals Mismatch Repair Corrects Replication Errors Missing Bases and Abnormal Bases Need to Be Replaced Nucleotide Excision Repair Removes Bulky Lesions Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Is Difficult Hemoglobin Genes Form Two Gene Clusters Many Point Mutations in Hemoglobin Genes Are Known Sickle Cell Disease Is Caused by a Point Mutation in the b-Chain Gene SA Heterozygotes Are Protected from Tropical Malaria a-Thalassemia Is Most Often Caused by Large Deletions Many Different Mutations Can Cause ß-Thalassemia Fetal Hemoglobin Protects from the Effects of ß-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease Summary Chapter 10 VIRUSES Viruses Can Replicate Only in a Host Cell Bacteriophage T4 Destroys Its Host Cell DNA Viruses Substitute Their Own DNA for the Host Cell DNA ? Phage Can Integrate Its DNA into the Host Cell Chromosome RNA Viruses Require an RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Retroviruses Replicate Through a DNA Intermediate Plasmids Are Small "Accessory Chromosomes" or "Symbiotic Viruses" of Bacteria Bacteria Can Exchange Genes by Transformation and Transduction Jumping Genes Can Change Their Position in the Genome Summary Chapter 11 DNA TECHNOLOGY Restriction Endonucleases Cut Large DNA Molecules into Smaller Fragments Large Probes Are Used to Detect Copy Number Variations Small Probes Are Used to Detect Point Mutations Southern Blotting Determines the Size of Restriction Fragments DNA Can Be Amplified with the Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR Is Used for Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Allelic Heterogeneity Is the Greatest Challenge for Molecular Genetic Diagnosis Normal Polymorphisms Are Used as Genetic Markers Tandem Repeats Are Used for DNA Fingerprinting DNA Microarrays Can Be Used for Genetic Screening DNA Microarrays Are Used for the Study of Gene Expression DNA Is Sequenced by Controlled Chain Termination Massively Parallel Sequencing Permits Cost-Efficient Whole-Genome Genetic Diagnosis Gene Therapy Targets Somatic Cells Viruses Are Used as Vectors for Gene Therapy Retroviruses Can Splice a Transgene into the Cell's Genome Genome Editing Is Based on the Making and Healing of DNA Double Strand Breaks Designer Nucleases Are Used for Genome Editing Antisense Oligonucleotides Can Block the Expression of Rogue Genes Genes Can Be Altered in Animals Tissue-Specific Gene Expression Can Be Engineered into Animals Human Germline Genome Editing is Technically Possible Summary Part THREE CELL AND TISSUE STRUCTURE Chapter 12 BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES Membranes Consist of Lipid and Protein Phosphoglycerides Are the Most Abundant Membrane Lipids Most Sphingolipids Are Glycolipids Cholesterol Is the Most Hydrophobic Membrane Lipid Membrane Lipids Form a Bilayer The Lipid Bilayer Is a Two-Dimensional Fluid The Lipid Bilayer Is a Diffusion Barrier Membranes Contain Integral and Peripheral Membrane Proteins Membranes Are Asymmetrical Membranes Are Fragile Membrane Proteins Carry Solutes across the Lipid Bilayer Transport against an Electrochemical Gradient Requires Metabolic Energy Active Transport Consumes ATP Sodium Cotransport Brings Molecules into the Cell Summary Chapter 13 THE CYTOSKELETON The Erythrocyte Membrane Is Reinforced by a Spectrin Network Keratins Give Strength to Epithelia Actin Filaments Are Formed from Globular Subunits Striated Muscle Contains Thick and Thin Filaments Myosin Is a Two-Headed Molecule with ATPase Activity Muscle Contraction Requires Calcium and ATP The Cytoskeleton of Skeletal Muscle Is Linked to the Extracellular Matrix Microtubules Consist of Tubulin Eukaryotic Cilia and Flagella Contain a 9 + 2 Array of Microtubules Cells Form Specialized Junctions with Other Cells and with the Extracellular Matrix Summary Chapter 14 THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX Collagen Is the Most Abundant Protein in the Human Body Tropocollagen Molecule Forms a Long Triple Helix Collagen Fibrils Are Staggered Arrays of Tropocollagen Molecules Collagen Is Subject to Extensive Posttranslational Processing Collagen Metabolism Is Altered in Aging and Disease Many Genetic Defects of Collagen Structure and Biosynthesis Are Known Elastic Fibers Contain Elastin and Fibrillin The Amorphous Ground Substance Contains Hyaluronic Acid Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans Are Covalently Bound to Core Proteins Cartilage Contains Large Proteoglycan Aggregates Proteoglycans Are Synthesized in the ER and Degraded in Lysosomes Mucopolysaccharidoses Are Caused by Deficiency of Glycosaminoglycan-Degrading Enzymes Bone Consists of Calcium Phosphates in a Collagenous Matrix Basement Membranes Contain Type IV Collagen, Laminin, and Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Fibronectin Glues Cells and Collagen Fibers Together Summary Part FOUR MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY Chapter 15 EXTRACELLULAR MESSENGERS Steroid Hormones Are Made from Cholesterol Progestins Are the Biosynthetic Precursors of All Other Steroid Hormones Thyroid Hormones Are Synthesized from Protein-Bound Tyrosine T4 Becomes Activiated to T3 in the Target Tissues Both Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism Are Common Disorders Insulin Is Released Together with the C-Peptide Proopiomelanocortin Forms Several Active Products Angiotensin Is Formed from Circulating Angiotensinogen Immunoassays Are Used for Determination of Hormone Levels Catecholamines Are Synthesized from Tyrosine Indolamines Are Synthesized from Tryptophan Histamine Is Produced by Mast Cells and Basophils Neurotransmitters Are Released at Synapses Acetylcholine Is the Neurotransmitter of the Neuromuscular Junction There Are Many Neurotransmitters Summary Chapter 16 INTRACELLULAR MESSENGERS Receptor-Hormone Interactions Are Noncovalent, Reversible, and Saturable Many Neurotransmitter Receptors Are Ion Channels Steroid and Thyroid Hormones Bind to Transcription Factors Seven-Transmembrane Receptors Are Coupled to G Proteins Adenylate Cyclase Is Regulated by G Proteins Hormones Can Both Activate and Inhibit the cAMP Cascade Cytoplasmic Calcium Is an Important Intracellular Signal Phospholipase C Generates Two Second Messengers Both cAMP and Calcium Regulate Gene Transcription Muscle Contraction and Exocytosis Are Triggered by Calcium Atrial Natriuretic Factor Acts through a Membrane-Bound Guanylate Cyclase Nitric Oxide Stimulates a Soluble Guanylate Cyclase cGMP Is a Second Messenger in Retinal Rod Cells Receptors for Insulin and Growth Factors Are Tyrosine-Specific Protein Kinases Growth Factors and Insulin Trigger Multiple Signaling Cascades Cytokin Receptors Use the JAK-Stat Pathway Many Receptors Become Desensitized after Overstimulation Summary Chapter 17 PLASMA PROTEINS The Blood pH Is Tightly Regulated Acidosis and Alkalosis Are Common in Clinical Practice Plasma Proteins Are Both Synthesized and Destroyed in the Liver Albumin Prevents Edema Albumin Binds Many Small Molecules Some Plasma Proteins Are Specialized Carriers of Small Molecules Deficiency of a1-Antiprotease Causes Lung Emphysema Levels of Plasma Proteins Are Affected by Many Diseases Blood Components Are Used for Transfusions Blood Clotting Must Be Tightly Controlled Platelets Adhere to Exposed Subendothelial Tissue Insoluble Fibrin Is Formed from Soluble Fibrinogen Thrombin Is Derived from Prothrombin Factor X Can Be Activated by the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways Negative Controls Are Necessary to Prevent Thrombosis Plasmin Degrades the Fibrin Clot Heparin and the Vitamin K Antagonists Are Used as Anticoagulants Clotting Factor Deficiencies Cause Abnormal Bleeding Tissue Damage Causes Release of Cellular Enzymes into Blood Serum Enzymes Are Used for the Diagnosis of Many Diseases Summary Chapter 18 Defense Mechanisms Lipophilic Xenobiotics Are Metabolized to Water-soluble Products Cytochrome P-450 Is Involved in Phase I Metabolism Phase II Metabolism Makes Xenobiotics Water-Soluble for Excretion Phase III Metabolism Excretes Xenobiotic Metabolites Drug Metabolizing Enzymes Are Inducible The Innate Immune System Uses Pattern Recognitino Receptors Infection Triggers Inflammation Lymphocytes Possess Antigen Receptors B Lymphocytes Produce Immunoglobulins Antiboidies Consist of Two Light Chains and Two Heavy Chains Different Immunoglobulin Classes Have Different Properties Adaptive Immune Responses Are Based on Clonal Selection Immunoglobulin genes Are Rearranged During B-Cell Development The T-Cell Receptor Recruits Cytosolic Tyrosine Protein Kinases Mediatros of Inflammation Are Produced form Arachidonic Acid Prostaglandins Are Synthesized in All Tissues Prostanoids Participate in Many Physiological Processes Leukotrienes Are Produced by the Lipoxygenase Pathway Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Inhibit the Synthesis of Eicosanoids Summary Chapter 19 CELLULAR GROWTH CONTROL AND CANCER The Cell Cycle Is Controlled at Two Checkpoints Cells Can Be Grown in Culture Cyclins Play Key Roles in Cell Cycle Control Retinoblastoma Protein Guards the G1 Checkpoint Cell Proliferation Is Triggered by Mitogens Mitogens Regulate Gene Expression Cells Can Commit Suicide Cancers Are Monoclonal in Origin Cancer Is Caused by Activation of Growth-Promoting Genes and Inactivation of Growth-Inhibiting Genes Some Retroviruses Contain an Oncogene Retroviruses Can Cause Cancer by Inserting Themselves Next to a Cellular Proto-Oncogene Many Oncogenes Code for Components of Mitogenic Signaling Cascades Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes Are Caused by Inherited Mutations in Tumor Suppressor Genes Many Tumor Suppressor Genes Are Known Components of the Cell Cycle Machinery Are Abnormal in Most Cancers DNA Damage Causes Either Growth Arrest or Apoptosis Most Spontaneous Cancers Are Defective in p53 Action The P13K/Protein Kinase B Pathway Is Activated in Many Cancers The Products of Some Viral Oncogenes Neutralize the Products of Cellular Tumor Suppressor Genes Tumors Become More Malignant through Darwinian Selection Intestinal Polyps Are Benign Lesions Intestinal Polyps Can Evolve into Colon Cancer Summary Part FIVE METABOLISM Chapter 20 DIGESTIVE ENZYMES Saliva Contains a-Amylase and Lysozyme Protein and Fat Digestion Start in the Stomach The Pancreas Is a Factory for Digestive Enzymes Fat Digestion Requires Bile Salts Some Digestive Enzymes Are Anchored to the Surface of the Microvilli Poorly Digestible Nutrients Cause Flatulence Many Digestive Enzymes Are Released as Inactive Precursors Summary Chapter 21 INTRODUCTION TO METABOLIC PATHWAYS Alternative Substrates Can Be Oxidized in the Body Metabolic Processes Are Compartmentalized Free Energy Changes in Metabolic Pathways Are Additive Most Metabolic Pathways Are Regulated Feedback Inhibition and Feedforward Stimulation Are the Most Important Regulatory Principles Metabolism Is Regulated to Ensure Homeostasis Inherited Enzyme Deficiencies Cause Metabolic Diseases Vitamin Deficiencies, Toxins, and Endocrine Disorders Can Disrupt Metabolic Pathways Summary Chapter 22 GLYCOLYSIS, TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE, AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION Glucose Uptake into the Cells Is Regulated Glucose Degradation Begins in the Cytoplasm and Ends in the Mitochondria Glycolysis Begins with ATP-Dependent Phosphorylations Most Glycolytic Intermediates Have Three Carbons Phosphofructokinase Is the Most Important Regulated Enzyme of Glycolysis Lactate Is Produced under Anaerobic Conditions Pyruvate Is Decarboxylated to Acetyl-CoA in the Mitochondria The TCA Cycle Produces Two Molecules of Carbon Dioxide for Each Acetyl Residue Reduced Coenzymes Are the Most Important Products of the TCA Cycle Oxidative Pathways Are Regulated by Energy Charge and [NADH]/[NAD+] Ratio TCA Cycle Provides an Important Pool of Metabolic Intermediates Antiporters Transport Metabolites across the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane The Respiratory Chain Channels Electrons fromNADH and FADH2 to Molecular Oxygen Standard Reduction Potential Is the Tendency to Donate Electrons The Respiratory Chain Contains Flavoproteins, Iron-Sulfur Proteins, Cytochromes, Ubiquinone, and Protein-Bound Copper The Respiratory Chain Contains Large Multiprotein Complexes The Respiratory Chain Creates a Proton Gradient The Proton Gradient Drives ATP Synthesis The Efficiency of Glucose Oxidation Is Close to 40% Oxidative Phosphorylation Is Limited by the Supply of ADP Brown Adipose Tissue Contains an Uncoupling Protein Mutations in Mitochondrial DNA Can Cause Disease Summary Chapter 23 Oxygen Deficiency and Oxygen Toxicity Ischemia Leads to Infarction Oxidative Phosphorylation Is Inhibited by Many Poisons Hypoxia Inducible Factor Adjusts Cell Metabolism to Hypoxia Reactive Oxygen Derivatives Are Formed during Oxidative Metabolism The Respiratory Chain Is a Major Source of Superoxide Cells Have Specialized Enzymes to Destroy Reactive Oxygen Species Free Radical Formation Is Affected by Energy Supply and Energy Consumption Some Vitamins and Phytochemicals Can Scavange Free Radicals The NRF2 Transcription Factor Coordinates Defenses against Reactive Oxygen Species Phagocytic Cells Use Reactive Oxygen Species for Intracellular Killing Summary Chapter 24 CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM An Adequate Blood Glucose Level Must Be Maintained at All Times Gluconeogenesis Bypasses the Three Irreversible Reactions of Glycolysis Fatty Acids Cannot Be Converted into Glucose Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis Are Regulated by Hormones Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis Are Fine Tuned by Allosteric Effectors and Hormone-Induced Enzyme Phosphorylations Fructose-2,6-biphosphate Switches the Liver from Gluconeogenesis to Glycolysis Glucokinase Is Regulated by Two Regulatory Proteins Carbohydrate Is Stored as Glycogen Glycogen Is 0Synthesized from Glucose Glycogen Is Degraded by Phosphorolytic Cleavage Glycogen Metabolism Is Regulated by Hormones and Metabolites Glycogen Accumulates in Several Enzyme Deficiencies Fructose Is Channeled into Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis Excess Fructose Is Problematic Excess Galactose Is Channeled into the Pathways of Glucose Metabolism The Pentose Phosphate Pathway Supplies NADPH and Ribose-5-Phosphate Fructose Is the Principal Sugar in Seminal Fluid Amino Sugars and Sugar Acids Are Made from Glucose Summary Chapter 25 THE METABOLISM OF FATTY ACIDS AND TRIGLYCERIDES Fatty Acids Differ in Their Chain Length and Number of Double Bonds Chylomicrons Transport Triglycerides from the Intestine to Other Tissues Adipose Tissue Is Specialized for the Storage of Triglycerides Fat Metabolism in Adipose Tissue Is under Hormonal Control Fatty Acids Are Transported into the Mitochondrion ß-Oxidation Produces Acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2 Special Fatty Acids Require Special Reactions The Liver Converts Excess Fatty Acids to Ketone Bodies Fatty Acids Are Synthesized from Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA Is Shuttled into the Cytoplasm as Citrate Fatty Acid Synthesis Is Regulated by Hormones and Metabolites AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Adapts Metabolic Pathways to Cellular Energy Status Most Fatty Acids Can Be Synthesized from Palmitate Fatty Acids Regulate Gene Expression Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Can Be Oxidized Nonenzymatically Summary Chapter 26 THE METABOLISM OF MEMBRANE LIPIDS 000Phosphatidic Acid Is an Intermediate in Phosphoglyceride Synthesis Phosphoglycerides Are Remodeled Continuously Sphingolipids Are Synthesized from Ceramide Deficiencies of Sphingolipid-Degrading Enzymes Cause Lipid Storage Diseases Cholesterol Is the Least Soluble Membrane Lipid Cholesterol Is Derived from Both Endogenous Synthesis and the Diet Cholesterol Biosynthesis Is Regulated at the Level of HMG-CoA Reductase Bile Acids Are Synthesized from Cholesterol Bile Acids Are Subject to Extensive Enterohepatic Circulation Most Gallstones Consist of Cholesterol Summary Chapter 27 LIPID TRANSPORT Most Plasma Lipids Are Components of Lipoproteins Lipoproteins Have Characteristic Lipid and Protein Compositions Dietary Lipids Are Transported by Chylomicrons VLDL Is a Precursor of LDL LDL Is Removed by Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis Cholesterol Regulates Its Own Metabolism HDL Is Needed for Reverse Cholesterol Transport Lipoproteins Can Initiate Atherosclerosis Lipoproteins Respond to Diet and Lifestyle Hyperlipoproteinemias Are Grouped into Five Phenotypes Hyperlipidemias Are Treated with Diet and Drugs Summary Chapter 26 AMINO ACID METABOLISM Amino Acids Can Be Used for Gluconeogenesis and Ketogenesis The Nitrogen Balance Indicates the Net Rate of Protein Synthesis The Amino Group of Amino Acids Is Released as Ammonia Ammonia Is Detoxified to Urea Urea Is Synthesized in the Urea Cycle Hyperammonemia Can Be Treated with Diet and Drugs Some Amino Acids Are Closely Related to Common Metabolic Intermediates Glycine, Serine, and Threonine Are Glucogenic Proline, Arginine, Ornithine, and Histidine Are Degraded to Glutamate Methionine and Cysteine Are Metabolically Related Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Are Degraded by Transamination and Oxidative Decarboxylation Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Are Both Glucogenic and Ketogenic Melanin Is Shesized from Tyrosine Lysine and Tryptophan Have Lengthy Catabolic Pathways The Liver Is the Most Important Organ of Amino Acid Metabolism Glutamine Participates in Renal Acid-Base Regulation Summary Chapter 29 METABOLISM OF IRON AND HEME Iron Is Conserved Very Efficiently in the Body Iron Uptake by Cells Is Regulated Dietary Iron Is Absorbed in the Duodenum Dietary Iron Absorption Is Regulated Iron Deficiency Is the Most Common Micronutrient Deficiency Worldwide Bone Marrow and Liver Are the Most Important Sites of Heme Synthesis Heme Is Synthesized from Succinyl-Coenzyme A and Glycine Porphyrias Are Caused by Deficiencies of Heme-Synthesizing Enzymes Heme Is Degraded to Bilirubin Bilirubin Is Conjugated and Excreted by the Liver Elevations of Serum Bilirubin Cause Jaundice Many Diseases Can Cause Jaundice Summary Chapter 30 THE METABOLISM OF PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES Purine Synthesis Starts with Ribose-5-Phosphate Purines Are Degraded to Uric Acid Free Purine Bases Can Be Salvaged Pyrimidines Are Synthesized from Carbamoyl Phosphate and Aspartate DNA Synthesis Requires Deoxyribonucleotides Many Antineoplastic Drugs Inhibit Nucleotide Metabolism Uric Acid Has Limited Water Solubility Hyperuricemia Causes Gout Abnormalities of Purine-Metabolizing Enzymes Can Cause Gout Gout Can Be Treated with Drugs Summary Chapter 31 MICRONUTRIENTS Riboflavin Is a Precursor of Flavin Mononucleotide and Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Niacin Is a Precursor of NAD and NADP Thiamin Deficiency Causes Weakness and Amnesia Vitamin B6 Plays a Key Role in Amino Acid Metabolism Pantothenic Acid Is a Building Block of Coenzyme A Biotin Is a Coenzyme in Carboxylation Reactions Folic Acid Deficiency Causes Megaloblastic Anemia Vitamin B12 Requires Intrinsic Factor for Its Absorption Vitamin C Is a Water-Soluble Antioxidant Retinol, Retinal, and Retinoic Acid Are the Active Forms of Vitamin A Vitamin D Is a Prohormone Vitamin E Prevents Lipid Oxidation Many Vitamins and Phytochemicals Are Antioxidants Vitamin K Is Required for Blood Clotting Zinc Is a Constituent of Many Enzymes Copper Participates in Reactions of Molecular Oxygen Some Trace Elements Serve Very Specific Functions Summary Chapter 32 INTEGRATION OF METABOLISM Insulin Is Released in Response to Elevated Glucose Insulin Stimulates the Utilization of Nutrients Protein Synthesis Is Coordinated by the mTOR Complex Glucagon Maintains the Blood Glucose Level Catecholamines Mediate the Flight-or-Fight Response Glucocorticoids Are Released in Chronic Stress Energy Is Expended Continuously Stored Fat and Glycogen Are Degraded between Meals Adipose Tissue Is the Most Important Energy Depot The Liver Converts Dietary Carbohydrates to Glycogen and Fat after a Meal The Liver Maintains the Blood Glucose Level during Fasting Ketone Bodies Provide Lipid-Based Energy during Fasting Obesity Is Common in All Affluent Countries Appetite Control Is the Most Important Determinant of Obesity Obesity Is Related to Insulin Resistance Diabetes Is Caused by Insulin Deficiency or Insulin Resistance In Diabetes, Metabolism Is Regulated as in Starvation Diabetes Is Diagnosed with Laboratory Tests Diabetes Leads to Late Complications Many Drugs Are Available for Diabetes Treatment Contracting Muscle Has Three Energy Sources Catecholamines Coordinate Metabolism during Exercise Physical Exercise Leads to Adaptive Changes Ethanol Is Metabolized to Acetyl-CoA in the Liver Liver Metabolism Is Deranged by Alcohol Alcoholism Leads to Fatty Liver and Liver Cirrhosis Most "Diseases of Civilization" Are Caused by Aberrant Livestyles Aging Is the Greatest Challenge for Medical Research Anti-Aging Treatments Are Being Investigated Summary ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS GLOSSARY CREDITS EXTRA ONLINE-ONLY CASE STUDIES {more new Cases to be added, to come} The Mafia Boss Viral Gastroenteritis Death in Installments A Mysterious Death To Treat or Not to Treat? Yellow Eyes An Abdominal Emergency Shortness of Breath Itching Abdominal Pain Rheumatism A Bank Manager in Trouble Kidney Problems Gender Blender Man Overboard! Spongy Bones Blisters The Sunburned Child Too Much Ammonia ANSWERS TO CASE STUDIES

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsINTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 PHYSIOLOGY OF BODY FLUIDS Objectives Concept of Steady-State Balance Physicochemical Properties of Electrolyte Solutions Molarity and Equivalence Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure Osmolarity and Osmolality Tonicity Oncotic Pressure Specific Gravity Volumes of Body Fluid Compartments Composition of Body Fluid Compartments Fluid Exchange between Body Fluid Compartments Capillary Fluid Exchange Cellular Fluid Exchange Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems CHAPTER 2 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEYS Objectives Structure of the Kidneys Gross Anatomy Ultrastructure of the Nephron Ultrastructure of the Glomerulus Ultrastructure of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus Innervation of the Kidneys Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems CHAPTER 3 GLOMERULAR FILTRATION AND RENAL BLOOD FLOW Objectives Renal Clearance Glomerular Filtration Rate Glomerular Filtration Determinants of Ultrafiltrate Composition Dynamics of Ultrafiltration Renal Blood Flow Regulation of Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration Rate Sympathetic Nerves Angiotensin II Prostaglandins Nitric Oxide Endothelin Bradykinin Adenosine Natriuretic Peptides Adenosine Triphosphate Glucocorticoids Histamine Dopamine Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems CHAPTER 4 RENAL TRANSPORT MECHANISMS: NaCl AND WATER ABSORPTION ALONG THE NEPHRON Objectives General Principles of Membrane Transport General Principles of Transepithelial Solute and Water Transport NaCl, Solute, and Water Reabsorption Along the Nephron Proximal Tubule Henle's Loop Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct Regulation of NaCl and Water Reabsorption Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems CHAPTER 5 REGULATION OF BODY FLUID OSMOLALITY: REGULATION OF WATER BALANCE Objectives Arginine Vasopressin Osmotic Control of Arginine Vasopressin Secretion Hemodynamic Control of Arginine Vasopressin Secretion Arginine Vasopressin Actions on the Kidneys Thirst Renal Mechanisms for Dilution and Concentration of the Urine Medullary Interstitium Vasa Recta Function Assessment of Renal Diluting and Concentrating Ability Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems CHAPTER 6 REGULATION OF EXTRACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME AND NaCl BALANCE Objectives Whole-Body Na+ Balance Concept of Effective Circulating Volume Volume-Sensing Systems Volume Sensors in the Low-Pressure Cardiopulmonary Circuit Volume Sensors in the High-Pressure Arterial Circuit Volume Sensor Signals Renal Sympathetic Nerves Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Natriuretic Peptides Arginine Vasopressin Control of Renal NaCl Excretion During Euvolemia Mechanisms for Maintaining Constant Na+ Delivery to the Distal Tubule in Euvolemia Regulation of Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct Na+ Reabsorption in Euvolemia Control of Na+ Excretion with Volume Expansion Control of Na+ Excretion with Volume Contraction Edema Alterations in Starling Forces Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure (Pc) Plasma Oncotic Pressure (pc) Lymphatic Obstruction Capillary Permeability Role of the Kidneys Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems CHAPTER 7 REGULATION OF POTASSIUM BALANCE Objectives Overview of K+ Homeostasis Regulation of Plasma [K+] Epinephrine Insulin Aldosterone Alterations of Plasma [K+] Acid-Base Balance Plasma Osmolality Cell Lysis Exercise K+ Excretion by the Kidneys Cellular Mechanisms of K+ Transport by Principal Cells and Intercalated Cells in the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct Regulation of K+ Secretion by the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct Plasma [K+] Aldosterone Arginine Vasopressin Factors that Perturb K+ Excretion Flow of Tubular Fluid Acid-Base Balance Glucocorticoids Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems CHAPTER 8 REGULATION OF ACID-BASE BALANCE Objectives Buffer System Overview of Acid-Base Balance Renal Net Acid Excretion Reabsorption Along the Nephron Regulation of H+ Secretion Formation of New Response to Acid-Base Disorders Extracellular and Intracellular Buffers Respiratory Compensation Renal Compensation Simple Acid-Base Disorders Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic Alkalosis Respiratory Acidosis Respiratory Alkalosis Analysis of Acid-Base Disorders Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems CHAPTER 9 REGULATION OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE HOMEOSTASIS Objectives Calcium Overview of Ca++ Homeostasis Ca++ Transport Along the Nephron Regulation of Urinary Ca++ Excretion Calcium-Sensing Receptor Phosphate Overview of Pi Homeostasis Pi Transport Along the Nephron Regulation of Urinary Pi Excretion Integrative Review of Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitriol on Ca++ and Pi Homeostasis Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems CHAPTER 10 PHYSIOLOGY OF DIURETIC ACTION Objectives General Principles of Diuretic Action Sites of Action of Diuretics Response of Other Nephron Segments Adequate Delivery of Diuretics to Their Site of Action Volume of the Extracellular Fluid Diuretic Braking Phenomenon Mechanisms of Action of Diuretics Osmotic Diuretics Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Loop Diuretics Thiazide Diuretics K+-Sparing Diuretics Aquaretics Effect of Diuretics on the Excretion of Water and Other Solutes Solute-Free Water K+ Excretion HCO Excretion Ca++ and Pi Excretion Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems ADDITIONAL READING A P P E N D I X A INTEGRATIVE CASE STUDIES A P P E N D I X B NORMAL LABORATORY VALUES A P P E N D I X C NEPHRON FUNCTION A P P E N D I X D ANSWERS TO SELF-STUDY PROBLEMS A P P E N D I X E ANSWERS TO INTEGRATIVE CASE STUDIES A P P E N D I X F REVIEW EXAMINATION APPENDIX G ANSWERS TO REVIEW EXAMINATION INDEX

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsChapter 1 Regulation: Peptides of the Gastrointestinal Tract Objectives General Characteristics Discovery Chemistry Distribution and Release Actions and Interactions Candidate Hormones Neurocrines Paracrines Clinical Applications Clinical Tests Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 2 Regulation: Nerves and Smooth Muscle Objectives Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System Neurohumoral Regulation of Gastrointestinal Function Anatomy of the Smooth Muscle Cell Smooth Muscle Contraction Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 3 Swallowing Objectives Chewing Pharyngeal Phase Esophageal Peristalsis Receptive Relaxation of the Stomach Clinical Applications Clinical Tests Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 4 Gastric Emptying Objectives Anatomic Considerations Contractions of the Orad Region of the Stomach Contractions of the Caudad Region of the Stomach Contractions of the GastroduodenalJunction Contractions of the Proximal Duodenum Regulation of Gastric Emptying Clinical Applications Clinical Tests Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 5 Motility of the Small Intestine Objectives Anatomic Considerations Types of Contractions Patterns of Contractions Vomiting Clinical Applications Clinical Tests Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 6 Motility of the Large Intestine Objectives Anatomic Considerations Contractions of the Cecum and Ascending Colon Contractions of the Descending and Sigmoid Colon Motility of the Rectum and Anal Canal Control of Motility Clinical Significance Clinical Tests Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 7 Salivary Secretion Objectives Functions of Saliva Anatomy and Innervation of the Salivary Glands Composition of Saliva Regulation of Salivary Secretion Clinical Correlation Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 8 Gastric Secretion Objectives Functional Anatomy Secretion of Acid Origin of the Electrical Potential Difference Electrolytes of Gastric Juice Stimulants of Acid Secretion Stimulation of Acid Secretion Inhibition of Acid Secretion Pepsin Mucus Intrinsic Factor Growth of the Mucosa Clinical Applications Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 9 Pancreatic Secretion Objectives Functional Anatomy Mechanisms of Fluid and Electrolyte Secretion Mechanisms of Enzyme Secretion Regulation of Secretion Cellular Basis for Potentiation Response to a Meal Clinical Applications Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 10 Bile Secretion and Gallbladder Function Objectives Overview of the Biliary System Constituents of Bile Bile Secretion Gallbladder Function Expulsion of Bile Clinical Applications Clinical Tests Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 11 Digestion and Absorption OF NUTRIENTS Objectives Structural-Functional Associations Digestion Absorption Adaptation of Digestive and Absorptive Processes Carbohydrate Assimilation Protein Assimilation Lipid Assimilation Vitamins Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 12 Fluid and Electrolyte Absorption Objectives Bidirectional Fluid FluX Ionic Content of Luminal Fluid Transport Routes and Processes Mechanism for Water Absorption and Secretion Intestinal Secretion Clinical Applications Calcium Absorption Iron Absorption Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 13 Regulation of Food Intake Objectives Appetite Control The Nervous System The Endocrine System The Gastrointestinal System Clinical Applications Summary Key Words and Concepts Appendix A Answer to Self-Study Problems Appendix B Comprehensive Multiple-Choice Review Examination Index

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Objectives Chemical Nature of Hormones Transport of Hormones in the Circulation Cellular Responses to Hormones Summary Self-study Problems Keywords and Concepts CHAPTER 2 ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 27 Objectives Enteroendocrine Hormone Families and Their Receptors Gastrin and the Regulation of Gastric Function Enteroendocrine Regulation of the Exocrine Pancreas and Gallbladder Insulinotropic Actions of Gastrointestinal Peptides (Incretin Action) Enterotropic Actions of Gastrointestinal Hormones Summary Self-study Problems Keywords and Concepts CHAPTER 3 ENERGY METABOLISM Key Pathways Involved in Energy Metabolism Objectives Overview of Energy Metabolism General Pathways Involved in Energy Metabolism Key Hormones Involved in Metabolic Homeostasis Metabolic Homeostasis: The Integrated Outcome of Hormonal and Substrate/Product Regulation of Metabolic Pathways Liver Skeletal Muscle Adipose Tissue-Derived Hormones and Adipokines Appetite Control and Obesity Diabetes Mellitus Summary Self-study Problems Keywords and Concepts CHAPTER 4 CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE HOMEOSTASIS Objectives Calcium and Phosphorus are Important Dietary Elements that Play Many Crucial Roles in Cellular Physiology Physiologic Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate: Parathyroid Hormone and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Small Intestine, Bone, and Kidney Determine Ca2þ and Pi Levels Pathologic Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Balance Summary Self-study Problems Keywords and Concepts CHAPTER 5 HYPOTHALAMUS-PITUITARY COMPLEX. Objectives Embryology and Anatomy Neurohypophysis Adenohypophysis Summary Self-study Problems Keywords and Concepts CHAPTER 6 THE THYROID GLAND Objectives Anatomy and Histology of the Thyroid Gland Production of Thyroid Hormones Transport and Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones Summary Self-study Problems Keywords and Concepts CHAPTER 7 THE ADRENAL GLAND Objectives Anatomy Adrenal Medulla Adrenal Cortex Zona Glomerulosa Pathologic Conditions Involving the Adrenal Cortex Summary Self-study Problems Keywords and Concepts 176.e1 CHAPTER 8 LIFE CYCLE OF THE MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS Objectives General Components of a Reproductive System Overview of Meiosis Basic Anatomy of the Reproductive Systems Sexual Development in Utero Puberty Menopause and Andropause Summary Self-study Problems Keywords and Concepts 193.e1 CHAPTER 9 THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Objectives Histophysiology of the Testis Transport, Actions, and Metabolism of Androgens Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Testis Axis Male Reproductive Tract Disorders Involving the Male Reproductive System Summary Self-study Problems Keywords and Concepts 213.e1 CHAPTER 10 THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Objectives Anatomy and Histology of the Ovary Growth, Development, and Function of the Ovarian Follicle The Human Menstrual Cycle Female Reproductive Tract Biology of Estradiol and Progesterone Ovarian Pathophysiology Summary Self-study Problems Keywords and Concepts 238.e1 CHAPTER 11 FERTILIZATION, PREGNANCY, AND LACTATION Objectives Fertilization, Early Embryogenesis, Implantation, and Placentation Placental Transport The Fetal Endocrine System Maternal Endocrine Changes During Pregnancy Maternal Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy Parturition Mammogenesis and Lactation Contraception In Vitro Fertilization Summary Self-study Problems Keywords and Concepts APPENDIX A: ANSWERS TO SELF-STUDY PROBLEMS . APPENDIX B: COMPREHENSIVE MULTIPLE-CHOICE EXAMINATION APPENDIX C: HORMONE RANGES APPENDIX D: ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS INDEX

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 Brief Overview of the Hematolymphoid System 2 Hematopoiesis 3 Erythropoiesis and Oxygen Transport 4 Iron, Heme, and Hemoglobin 5 Hemoglobinopathy 6 Red Blood Cell Metabolism and Enzyme Defects 7 Hemolytic Anemia 8 Aplastic Anemia and Related Disorders 9 Megaloblastic Anemia 10 Myeloid Cells 11 Immune System and Related Disorders 12 Genetic Basis of Hematologic Neoplasia 13 Leukemia and Related Disorders 14 Lymphoma and Related Disorders 15 Blood Coagulation 16 Platelets 17 Benign Conditions of Lymphoid Organs 18 Blood Transfusion and Stem Cell Transplantation 19 Hematologic Cancer Therapy Appendix A Answers to Review Questions Appendix B Complete Blood Count Appendix C Some Useful Immunophenotypic Markers for Hematologic Diagnosis Index

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSection 1: Foundations 1. General Principles of Physiology 1.1 Case Study #1 Section 2: Neurophysiology 2. An Overview of Nerve Cell Physiology and Electrophysiology 3. Central Nervous System 4. Peripheral Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System 5. The Neuromuscular Junction and Skeletal Muscle 6. Smooth Muscle 6.1 Case Study #2 Section 3: Circulatory Physiology 7. Blood and the Endothelium 8. The Lymphatic System and the Immune System 8.1 Case Study #3 Section 4: Cardiovascular Physiology 9. The Vasculature 10. The Heart As a Pump 11. Cardiac Electrophysiology 12. Exercise Physiology 12.1 Case Study #4 Section 5: Pulmonary Physiology 13. The Mechanics of Breathing 14. Gas Exchange in the Lung 15. Gas Transport 16. The Regulation of Breathing 16.1 Case Study #5 Section 6: Renal Physiology 17. Renal Structure and Function 18. Tubular Transport 19. The Regulation of Blood Pressure and Extracellular Fluid Volume 20. Osmoregulation 21. The Regulation of Potassium Balance 22. Acid-Base Balance 23. Micturition 23.1 Case Study #6 Section 7: Gastrointestinal Physiology 24. Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption 25. Control of Gastrointestinal Motility and Secretion 26. Hepatic Physiology 27. The Gastrointestinal Immune System 27.1 Case Study #7 Section 8: Endocrine Physiology 28. The Endocrine Pancreas: Fed and Fasted Metabolic States 29. The Pituitary Gland 30. The Thyroid Gland 31. The Adrenal Gland 32. Calcium Regulation: Parathyroid Physiology 33. Calcium Regulation: Bone Physiology 34. The Female Reproductive System 35. Pregnancy and Partiution 36. The Male Reproductive System

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction to Dental Anatomy 2. Development and Eruption of the Teeth 3. The Primary (Deciduous) Teeth 4. Forensics, Comparative Anatomy, Geometries, and Form and Function 5. Orofacial Complex: Form and Function 6. The Permanent Maxillary Incisors 7. The Permanent Mandibular Incisors 8. The Permanent Canines, Maxillary and Mandibular 9. The Permanent Maxillary Premolars 10. The Permanent Mandibular Premolars 11. The Permanent Maxillary Molars 12. The Permanent Mandibular Molars 13. Pulp Chambers and Canals 14. Dento-Osseous Structures, Blood Vessels and Nerves 15. The Temporomandibular Joints, Teeth, and Muscles and Their Functions 16. Occlusion 17. Clinical Applications of Dental Anatomy, Physiology and Occlusion Appendix A: Review of Tooth Morphology Appendix B: Tooth Traits of the Permanent Dentition

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"This is an integrated approach to the musculoskeletal system. Since most medical schools have moved to integrated curricula, it makes the book a unique product at the appropriate time in educational pedagogy.” ©Doody's Review Service, 2022, Brian R. MacPherson, PhD (University of Kentucky College of Medicine) Doody's Score: 93 - 4 Stars!

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"The beauty of the Costanzo textbook lies within its simplicity and way the complex content is described in a logical and straightforward manner." ©Doody's Review Service, 2022, Robert A. Augustyniak, PhD (Lincoln Memorial University)Table of Contents1. Cellular Physiology 2. Autonomic Nervous System 3. Neurophysiology 4. Cardiovascular Physiology 5. Respiratory Physiology 6. Renal Physiology 7. Acid-Base Physiology 8. Gastrointestinal Physiology 9. Endocrine Physiology 10. Reproductive Physiology Appendix I Common Abbreviations and Symbols Appendix II Normal Values and Constants Challenge Yourself Answers

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsNeonatal: Section 1: Fetal Development Assessment, and Delivery 1. Fetal Lung Development 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery Section 2: Assessment and Monitoring of the Neonate 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal Patient (Split Chapter) 5 (6). Radiographic Assessment (Split Chapter) 6 (8). Invasive Blood Gas Analysis (Spilt Chapter) 7 (9). Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal (Spilt Chapter) Section 3: Neonatal Disorders: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment 8 (22). Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders 9 (23). Surgical Disorders in Neonate that Affect Respiratory Care (Split Chapter) 10 (24). Congenital Cardiac Defects 11 (14). Surfactant Replacement Therapy 12 (15). Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate 13 (17). Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate (Split Chapter) Pediatric: Section 4: Pediatric Assessment and Monitoring of the 14 (4). Examination and Assessment of the Pediatric Patient (Split Chapter) 15 (5). Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics 16 (6). Radiographic Assessment (Split) 17 (7). Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy 18 (8). Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring 19 (9). Noninvasive Monitoring in Pediatric Care Section 5: Pediatric Disorders: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment 20 (23). Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care 21 (25). Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing 22 (26). Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases 23 (27). Asthma 24 (28). Cystic Fibrosis 25 (29). Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 26 (30). Shock 27 (31). Pediatric Trauma 28 (32). Disorders of the Pleura 29 (33). Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders Neonatal and Pediatric: Section 6: Therapeutic Procedures for Treatment of Neonatal and Pediatric Disorders 30 (10). Oxygen Administration 31 (11). Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications 32 (12). Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy 33 (13). Airway Management 34 (18). Administration of Gas Mixtures 35 (19). Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation 36 (20). Pharmacology 37 (21). Thoracic Organ Transplantation Section 7: Neonatal and Pediatric Transient and Ambulatory Care 38 (34). Transport of Infants and Children 39 (35). Home Care 36. Quality and Safety Remove Glossary Credits List Index

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsUNIT 1: Medical Terminology, Anatomy and Physiology 1. Medical Terminology Basics 2. Anatomy and Physiology Basics 3. Skeletal System 4. Muscular System 4. Integumentary System 6. Nervous System 7. Endocrine System 8. Sensory System 9. Blood, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems 10. Cardiovascular System 11. Respiratory System 12. Digestive System 13. Urinary System 14. Reproductive System 15. Behavioral Health UNIT 2: Professional Medical Assistant 16. Healthcare and the Professional Medical Assistant 17. Applied Interpersonal Communication 18. Legal Basics 19. Healthcare Laws 20. Healthcare Ethics UNIT 3: Administrative Ambulatory Care 21. The Health Record 22. Telephone Techniques 23. Scheduling and Reception 24. Technology 25. Written Communication 26. Daily Operations and Safety 27. Health Insurance Basics 28. Diagnostic Coding Basics 29. Procedural Coding Basics 30. Billing and Reimbursement 31. Accounts, Collections, and Banking UNIT 4: Basic Clinical Procedures 32. Infection Control 33. Vital Signs 34. Patient Interview 35. Physical Examination 36. Assisting in Obstetrics and Gynecology 37. Assisting in Pediatrics 38. Assisting in Geriatrics 39. Surgical Equipment and Supplies 40. Surgical and Special Procedures UNIT 5: Advanced Clinical Procedures 41. Patient Coaching with Health Promotion 42. Patient Coaching with Nutrition 43. Patient coaching with Rehabilitation 44. Pharmacology Math 45. Pharmacy Basics 46. Administering Medication 48. Cardiopulmonary Procedures 49. Medical Emergencies UNIT 6: Limited Scope Radiology 50. Assisting with Radiology 51. Radiological Positioning UNIT 7: Medical Laboratory 52. Assisting in the Clinical Laboratory 53. Assisting in the Analysis of Urine 54. Assisting in Blood Collection 55. Assisting in the Analysis of Blood 56. Assisting in Microbiology and Immunology UNIT 8: Employment Seeking 57. Career Development Appendix A: Word Parts and Definitions Appendix B: Definitions and Word Parts Appendix C: Abbreviations Appendix D: Medical Classification

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