Philosophy Books

Book SynopsisCombining ethical, semantic, and literary insights, this title presents a study of weakness of will.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review“An excellent supplementary text for introductory courses in Philosophy.” — Nicholas Caste, University of North Carolina“Takes the reader into the heart of long-standing and knotty philosophical questions, and does this without sacrificing either readability or accuracy. Govier’s success is really very striking.” — Terence Penelhum, University of Calgary“Should rivet anyone’s attention… presented in a lively, original way.” — Jack Ornstein, Concordia University“Brings back to life the eloquence and vividness of dialogue in philosophy.” — Juan Godoy, Saint Louis UniversityTable of ContentsCan Computers Cheat?The Sperm, the Worm, and Free WillGod, the Devil, and the Perfect PizzaMy Brilliant Mathematical CareerWhat Makes Selves?Roomates In SpaceConscienceA Sequence of Events The Fable of the Jewels The Game of the Golden Pieces The Overhanging Cloud Notes

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Book SynopsisA personal memoir exploring the search for God through science and mystical traditions, offering insights for those seeking deeper meaning beyond conventional religions. Includes experiences with Indian gurus and the Rajneesh commune.

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Book SynopsisThe Bhagavad-gita, spoken by Lord Krishna to Arjuna, is a guide to self-realization. A translation by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, a renowned Vedic scholar, offers insights into consciousness, the self, and the universe. This edition is presented without adulteration, providing a timely and enlightening message.

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Book SynopsisPhilosophy in the Anglophone world is in a period of unprecedented change. If the twentieth century was one of increased specialisation and narrowing of concerns, the twenty-first looks like being one of expanding horizons. In this volume, philosophers offer their suggestions for ways in which this expansion might most fruitfully be pursued.Table of ContentsIntroduction: How Can and Should Philosophy Be Expanding its Horizons? Julian Baggini; 1. Community Practices and Getting Good at Bad Emotions Amy Olberding; 2. Vasubandhu on the First Person Nilanjan Das; 3. Japanese Philosophers on Plato's Ideas Noburu Notomi; 4. How to Change Your Mind: The Contemplative Practices of Philosophy Leah Kalmanson; 5. 'Zoetology': A New Name for an Old Way of Thinking Roger T. Ames; 6. What Counts as a Collective Gift? Culture and Value in Du Bois' The Gift of Black Folk Chike Jeffers; 7. What Does It Mean to Colonise and Decolonise Philosophy? Lewis R. Gordon; 8. How Philosophy Can Support Community-Led Change: Reflections from Bristol Campaigns for Racial Justice Joanna Burch-Brown; 9. Grammars of Listening: Or On the Difficulty of Rendering Trauma Audible María del Rosario Acosta López; 10. In the Mood: Why Vibes Matter in Reading and Writing Philosophy Helen De Cruz; 11. Fernando Pessoa: The Poet as Philosopher Jonardon Ganeri; 12. Can Aesthetics Be Global? Eileen John; 13. From Hosting Words to Hosting Civilizations: Towards a Theory of 'Guardianship' and 'Deep Hospitality' Tamara Albertini.

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Book SynopsisG. E. M. Anscombe (19192001) is one of the most important philosophers of the twentieth century. Known primarily for influencing research in action theory and moral philosophy, her work also has relevance in the study of metaphysics, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, philosophy of religion, and politics.The Anscombean Mind provides a comprehensive survey of Anscombe's thought, not only placing it in its historical context but also exploring its enduring significance in contemporary debates. Divided into three clear parts, twenty-three chapters by an international array of contributors address the following themes: ancient philosophy metaphysics mind and language Wittgenstein action and ethics politics religion and faith. The Anscombean Mind is an indispensable resource for anyone studying and researching action theory, ethics, moral philosophy, Wittgenstein, twentieTable of ContentsIntroduction Adrian Haddock and Rachael Wiseman 1. Mary Somerville Fellowship Report, May 1948 G. E. M. Anscombe Part 1: From Parmenides to Wittgenstein 2. Anscombe’s Aristotelian Metaphysics Christopher Frey 3. The Enigma of Existence: Russellm? Kantfrege? Anscombe Arindam Chakrabarti 4. Anscombe, Stenius, and Ramsey on the Tractatus Peter Sullivan 5. Anscombe on Wittgenstein’s On Certainty: Linguistic Idealism, World-Pictures and Scepticism Andy Hamilton Part 2: Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Mind 6. What is so Necessary about the Past? Anscombe Asymmetrist Anselm Winfried Müller 7. Temporal Passage and Being in Time Colin Johnston 8. Metaphysics and Modals Roger Teichmann 9. What do I Really See? What do I Really Do? Rachael Wiseman 10. On Our Relation to the World as a Whole, and to Others, in General Adrian Haddock 11. How Receptive Knowledge Relates to Practical Knowledge John McDowell 12. What is the Moral of Davidson’s Carbon Copier? Towards an Anscombean account of Practical Knowledge Eylem Özaltun 13. Anscombe and the Difference Rationality Makes Eric Marcus 14. The Practicality of Practical Inference Will Small Part 3: Ethics, Religion, and Politics 15. Anscombe’s Skepticism about the Possibility of (Kantian) Practical Syllogisms Alexandra Newton 16. What is the Bearing of Thinking on Doing? Marshal Bierson and John Schwenkler 17. Human Action Valérie Aucouturier 18. The Elusiveness of the Voluntary: Anscombe and the Problem of Human Agency Jean-Philippe Narboux 19. Sensation in Intention Clare Mac Cumhaill 20. Justice in Criminal Trials R. A. Duff 21. Anscombe and the Rules of Ordinary Practices Peter Faulconbridge 22. Anscombe on the Dignity of the Human Being Matthias Haase 23. Practical Knowledge and the Spiritual Nature of Man Evgenia Mylonaki. Index

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Book SynopsisTrust is pervasive in our lives. Both our simplest actions like buying a coffee, or crossing the street as well as the functions of large collective institutions like those of corporations and nation states would not be possible without it. Yet only in the last several decades has trust started to receive focused attention from philosophers as a specific topic of investigation. The Routledge Handbook of Trust and Philosophy brings together 31 never-before published chapters, accessible for both students and researchers, created to cover the most salient topics in the various theories of trust. The Handbook is broken up into three sections:I. What is Trust? II. Whom to Trust? III. Trust in Knowledge, Science, and TechnologyThe Handbook is preceded by a foreword by Maria Baghramian, an introduction by volume editor Judith Trade Review"This terrific book provides an authoritative guide to recent philosophical work on trust, including its entanglements with justice and power. Excitingly, it also demonstrates how such work can engage deeply with urgent practical questions of trust in social institutions and emerging technologies. A major landmark for trust research within philosophy and beyond."Katherine Hawley, St. Andrews University"This Handbook contains insightful analyses of a variety of pressing issues about trust. There are nuanced assessments of the impact of sociopolitical biases on trust, interesting discussions about the interrelation between trust and technology, and careful reflections on people’s trust – and distrust – in experts, institutions, and office-holders. All the while, the volume covers perennial problems about trust in philosophy. It’s a must-read both for people who are new to this literature and for those who’ve long been acquainted with it."Carolyn McLeod, Western University, Canada"Trust is a key issue in all parts of social life, including politics, science, everyday interaction, or family life. Accordingly, there is a vast literature on the topic. Unfortunately, this literature is distributed over many disciplines. Significant advances in one field take years if not decades to reach other fields. This important anthology breaks down these barriers and allows for fruitful and efficient exchange of results across all specializations. It is timely, well done and original. It will be required reading for specialists and students for the next decade." Martin Kusch, University of ViennaTable of ContentsPart I: What is Trust? 1. Questioning Trust 2. Trust and Trustworthiness 3. Trust and Distrust 4. Trust and Epistemic Injustice 5. Trust and Epistemic Responsibility 6. Trust and Authority 7. Trust and Reputation 8 Trust and Reliance 9. Trust and Belief 10. Trust and Disagreement 11. Trust and Will 12. Trust and Emotion 13. Trust and Cooperation 14. Trust and Game Theory 15. Trust: Perspectives in Sociology 16. Trust: Perspectives in Psychology 17. Trust: Perspectives in Cognitive Science Part II: Whom to Trust? 18. Self-Trust 19. Interpersonal Trust 20. Trust in Institutions and Governance 21. Trust in Law 22. Trust in Economy 23. Trust in Artificial Agents 24. Trust in Robots Part III: Trust in Knowledge, Science, and Technology 25. Trust and Testimony 26. Trust and Distributed Epistemic Labor 27. Trust in Science 28. Trust in Medicine 29. Trust and Food Biotechnology 30. Trust in Nanotechnology 31. Trust and Information and Communication Technologies

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Book SynopsisAn epistemic virtue is a personal quality conducive to the discovery of truth, the avoidance of error, or some other intellectually valuable goal. Current work in epistemology is increasingly value-driven, but this volume presents the first collection of essays to explore whether virtue epistemology can also be naturalistic, in the philosophical definition meaning 'methodologically continuous with science'. The essays examine the empirical research in psychology on cognitive abilities and personal dispositions, meta-epistemic semantic accounts of virtue theoretic norms, the role of emotion in knowledge, 'ought-implies can' constraints, empirically and metaphysically grounded accounts of 'proper functioning', and even applied virtue epistemology in relation to education. Naturalizing Epistemic Virtue addresses many core issues in contemporary epistemology, presents new opportunities for work on epistemic abilities, epistemic virtues and cognitive character, and will be of great interestTable of Contents1. Introduction: naturalized virtue epistemology? Abrol Fairweather and Owen Flanagan; 2. Functions, epistemic warrant and natural norms Peter Graham; 3. The epistemic ought Ram Neta; 4. Naturalism and the norms of inference Carrie Ichikawa-Jenkins; 5. Indirect epistemic teleology explained and defended David Copp; 6. Moral virtues, epistemic virtues, and the big five Christian Miller; 7. Epistemic dexterity: a Ramseyian account of agent-based knowledge Abrol Fairweather and Carlos Montemayor; 8. Re-evaluating the situationist challenge to virtue epistemology Duncan Pritchard; 9. Stereotype threat and intellectual virtue Mark Alfano; 10. Acquiring epistemic virtue Heather Batally; 11. Virtue and the fitting culturing of the human critter David Henderson and Terence Horgan; 12. Expressivism and convention-relativism about epistemic discourse Alan Hazlett.

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a fresh reading of Aristotle's Politics by employing a definition of nature many commentators have rejected: the internal source of movement. It uses Aristotle's definition of nature as an internal source of movement to argue that he viewed community as something that arises from the activity that forms it rather than being a form imposed on individuals.Trade Review'This is a fresh, substantial, and engaging contribution to the ongoing Aristotle revival in political philosophy and theory.' Stephen Salkever, Journal of the History of Philosophy'Adriel M. Trott offers a meticulous reading of Aristotle's Politics that challenges many of the prevailing interpretations … this book makes an important contribution to contemporary debates surrounding equality and deliberation in contemporary democracy.' Catherine Borck, The Review of Politics'Trott's Aristotle on the Nature of Community is a thought-provoking book that hopefully will encourage debate not only among Aristotelian scholars but also among contemporary political thinkers about questions of citizenship, democracy, and political life. Her work provides a blueprint of how to make Aristotle relevant in today's world in addressing existing problems like political organization, civic participation, and the purpose of politics itself.' Lee Trepanier, Bryn Mawr Classical ReviewTable of Contents1. The internal principle of change interpretation of nature; 2. The four arguments for the naturalness of the polis; 3. Logos and the political nature of anthropos; 4. The natural rational human and the natural rational polis; 5. Deliberation and constitution; 6. Natural slaves and silent women: the case for political rule as deliberation.

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Book SynopsisThis is a collection of essays written by leading experts in honour of Christopher Rowe, and inspired by his groundbreaking work in the exegesis of Plato. The authors represent scholarly traditions which are sometimes very different in their approaches and interests, and so rarely brought into dialogue with each other. This volume, by contrast, aims to explore synergies between them. Key topics include: the literary unity of Plato''s works; the presence and role of his contemporaries in his dialogues; the function of myth (especially the Atlantis myth); Plato''s Socratic heritage, especially as played out in his discussions of psychology; and his views of truth and being. Prominent among the dialogues discussed are Euthydemus, Phaedo, Phaedrus, Republic, Theaetetus, Timaeus, Sophist and Laws.Table of ContentsIntroduction George Boys-Stones; 1. Macrology and digression Monique Dixsaut; 2. Two conceptions of the body in Plato's Phaedrus María Angélica Fierro; 3. Socrates in the Phaedo Noburu Notomi; 4. Socratic intellectualism in the Republic's central digression David Sedley; 5. Timaeus in the cave Thomas Johansen; 6. Reflective commentary (1): 'Socratic' psychology in the Republic Christopher Gill; 7. Reflective commentary (2): appearance, reality and the desire for the good Dimitri El Murr; 8. Waving or drowning? Socrates and the sophists on self-knowledge in the Euthydemus M. M. McCabe; 9. Why was the Theaetetus written by Euclides? Michel Narcy; 10. The wooden horse: the Cyrenaics in the Theaetetus Ugo Zilioli; 11. The wax tablet, logic and Protagoreanism Terry Penner; 12. A form that 'is' of what 'is not': existential einai in Plato's Sophist Denis O'Brien; 13. Truth and story in the Timaeus-Critias Sarah Broadie; 14. The Atlantis-poem in the Timaeus-Critias Mauro Tulli; 15. Friendship and justice in the Laws Malcolm Schofield.

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Book SynopsisCosmology is in crisis. In this book, philosopher Roberto Mangabeira Unger and physicist Lee Smolin, world-renowned for their radical ideas in their fields, argue for a revolution in our cosmological ideas. The book is readily accessible to non-scientists as well as to the physicists and cosmologists whom it challenges.Trade Review'It might be one of the most important books of our time … Right or wrong, this book is an event.' Bryan Appleyard, The Sunday Times'A hefty explication setting out clear agendas for research into quantum foundations, explanations for the 'arrow of time' and other parts of this puzzle.' Nature'Any serious intellectual rebellion is worth watching. This one is ambitious: it seeks to root out one of the oldest impulses in the western imagination.' The Spectator'Is time, after all, real? Two mavericks take an axe to the established theories of cosmology.' The Guardian'… an admirable restatement of cosmological ambition.' The Times Higher Education Supplement'Anyone that wants to thoroughly deliberate over the question of cosmology should read this book.' Peter Eisenhardt, translated from Physik JournalTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. Roberto Mangabeira Unger: 1. The science of the one universe in time; 2. The context and consequences of the argument; 3. The singular existence of the universe; 4. The inclusive reality of time; 5. The mutability of the laws of nature; 6. The selective realism of mathematics; Part II. Lee Smolin: 1. Cosmology in crisis; 2. Principles for a cosmological theory; 3. The setting: the puzzles of contemporary cosmology; 4. Hypotheses for a new cosmology; 5. Mathematics; 6. Approaches to solving the metalaw dilemma; 7. Implications of temporal naturalism for philosophy of mind; 8. An agenda for science; 9. Concluding remarks; A note concerning disagreements between our views.

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Book SynopsisThis book develops a general approach to learning within the framework of probability theory, drawing on Bayesian epistemology, and discusses its applications to decision and game theory. It will appeal to philosophers working on epistemology as well as to economists, psychologists and computer scientists.Table of Contents1. Consistency and symmetry; 2. Bounded rationality; 3. Pattern learning; 4. Large worlds; 5. Radical probabilism; 6. Reflection; 7. Disagreement; 8. Consensus; Appendices.

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Book SynopsisWhile there is a large and ever-expanding body of work on the fields of business ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR), there is a noted absence of a single source on the methodology and research approaches to these fields. In this book, the first of its kind, leading scholars in the fields gather to analyse a range of philosophical and empirical approaches to research in business ethics and CSR. It covers such sections as historical approaches, normative and behavioural methodologies, quantitative, qualitative and experimental perspectives, grounded theory and case methodologies, and finally a section on the role of the researcher in research projects. This book is a valuable and essential read for all researchers in business ethics and CSR, not only for those starting out in the fields, but also for seasoned scholars and academics.Trade Review'This Handbook provides a much-needed holistic overview of the various research methods available to business ethicists. The book's focus on methods tailored to the normative character of the business ethics discipline makes it especially valuable. New and established ethics scholars alike will appreciate the Handbook's comprehensiveness.' Daryl Koehn, Wicklander Chair in Professional Ethics, DePaul Univeristy, Chicago'This Handbook almost makes me wish I were back at the beginning of my career and had the advantage of this wonderful smorgasbord of research approaches to business ethics and corporate responsibility in one place. Happily, it is never too late to register the value of the range of possible methodologies represented here. Read, and be inspired.' Laura J. Spence, Royal Holloway, University of London'Business ethics researchers with a favored methodology and those still searching for one will find much in this broad ranging and urgently needed volume to stimulate their thinking and perhaps challenge their assumptions about the best ways to approach topics in this expanding field of scholarship.' John R. Boatright, Raymond C. Baumhart, SJ, Professor of Business Ethics Emeritus, Loyola University, Chicago'Contemporary business ethics scholarship is a multidisciplinary field of inquiry, one that includes normative scholarship, conceptual scholarship, and descriptive social science scholarship. Because of its multidisciplinary nature, it can be challenging for younger scholars and those new to the field to produce contributions that are both theoretically sophisticated and methodologically rigorous. Werhane, Freeman, and Dmytriyev have made a significant contribution to the field by compiling authoritative essays on many of the most significant methods used in business ethics scholarship. The Handbook should be of particular value for doctoral education and as a resource for emerging scholars.' Denis G. Arnold, Jule and Marguerite Surtman Distinguished Professor of Business Ethics, Belk College of Business, University of North Carolina, Charlotte'Reading this book is the closest thing I can imagine to actually taking an intensive doctoral seminar with Professors Werhane and Freeman - two of the most important founding figures in business ethics - while seated beside Mr Dmytriyev and some other current and past students, among several additional and knowledgeable guests who are also important voices in the field.' Christopher Michaelson, David A. and Barbara Koch Distinguished Professor of Business Ethics and Social Responsibility, Associate Professor, Ethics and Business Law, University of St Thomas'This book represents a contribution to the field of business ethics that is long overdue. The compilation of research methods that are available for business ethics scholars is both comprehensive and current. It underlines that methodology is a relevant tool for answering critical moral questions business ethics scholars should pursue. It should be a resource on every business ethics scholar's desk.' Dawn R. Elm, David A. and Barbara Koch Distinguished Professor of Business Ethics and Leadership, Executive Director, Society for Business Ethics, University of St. ThomasTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I: Philosophical Approaches; Historical Approaches: 1. The use of historical figures as a research approach Patricia H. Werhane, R. Edward Freeman and Sergiy Dmytriyev; 2. History as methodology in business ethics: lessons from Aristotle Edwin M. Hartman; 3. The role of continental philosophy in business ethics research Mollie Painter Morland; Normative Approaches; 4. Research in normative business ethics: a coherence approach Richard T. De George; 5. The universalist approach and Kant in business ethics Norman E. Bowie; Part II. Empirical Approaches; Qualitative Approaches: 6. Normative assessments in empirical business ethics research: toward a methodological bridge across the ontological gap Sarah Margaretha Jastram and Damian Bäumlisberger; 7. Descriptive ethics: a neglected methodological domain in business and applied ethics Wesley Cragg; 8. Grounded theory in business ethics David Bevan and Angelo Carlo S. Carrascoso; 9. Discourse analysis as a method for business ethics and corporate responsibility research Anna Heikkinen, Johanna Kujala, Matias Laine and Hannele Mäkelä; Quantitative and Experimental Approaches; 10. Quantitative content analysis as a method for business ethics research Irina Lock and Peter Seele; 11. Experiments in business ethics Helet Botha; Contemporary Approaches; 12. Mixed methodologies, full-cycle research and the shortcomings of behavioral ethics Scott Sonenshein and Katherine DeCelles; 13. Applying neuroscience to business ethics Filomena Sabatella, Nicola Pless and Thomas Maak; 14. Wide reflective equilibrium as a case-based research approach to business ethics Patricia H. Werhane; Case Study Approaches; 15. Casuistry as a case-based research approach to business ethics Martin Calkins; 16. Building on actor-network analysis to study corporate social responsibility: conceptual and methodological insights Jean-Pascal Gond and Marion Ligonie; Part III. A Researcher in the Spotlight: 17. Social construction as background for research in business ethics John J. Pirri and Patricia H. Werhane; 18. A pragmatist approach to business ethics research Bidhan L. Parmar, Robert Phillips and R. Edward Freeman; 19. Rethinking right: moral epistemology in management research Tae Wan Kim and Thomas Donaldson; 20. Another view from China: Daoist thought as an approach to global business ethics Kathleen M. Higgins.

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Book SynopsisPeter van Inwagen, author of the classic book An Essay on Free Will (1983), has established himself over the last forty years as a leading figure in the philosophical debate about the problem of free will. This volume presents eleven influential essays from throughout his career, as well as two new and previously unpublished essays, ''The Problem of Fr** W*ll'' and ''Ability''. The essays include discussions of determinism, moral responsibility, ''Frankfurt counterexamples'', the meaning of ''the ability to do otherwise'', and the very definition of free will, as well as critiques of writings on the topic by Daniel Dennett and David Lewis. An introduction by the author discusses the history of his thinking about free will. The volume will be a valuable resource for those looking to engage with van Inwagen''s significant contributions to this perennially important topic.Trade Review'These are all superb papers. In addition to Peter van Inwagen's classic and indispensable contributions to the free will debate, Thinking about Free Will includes illuminating discussion of whether there is anything we all mean by 'free will', how we should think about the problem of free will, and whether free will remains a mystery. It is frank and fascinating.' Michael Almeida, University of Texas, San Antonio'This volume brings together essays written over the course of more than three decades by one of the world's leading scholars on free will. An outstanding and informative collection, it displays the depth and rigor of van Inwagen's groundbreaking arguments on one of the greatest problems in philosophy. Both researchers and students who work on the cluster of issues connected to free agency - including ability, moral responsibility, determinism, desert, and natural laws - will appreciate having this illuminating volume.' Laura Ekstrom, College of William and Mary, Virginia'No one writes more sensibly about the traditional philosophical problem of free will than does Peter van Inwagen. This book, a collection of his essays on free will, ought to join his An Essay on Free Will, the best modern treatment of the topic, on the shelf of anyone seriously considering the cluster of issues which constitute the traditional philosophical problem of free will. It is an excellent volume.' Peter A. Graham, Notre Dame Philosophical ReviewTable of ContentsPreface; Introduction; 1. Ability and responsibility; 2. On two arguments for compatibilism; 3. Compatibilistic reflections; 4. Critical study of Dennett's Elbow Room; 5. When is the will free?; 6. Moral responsibility, determinism, and the ability to do otherwise; 7. Free will remains a mystery; 8. Genes, statistics, and desert; 9. Freedom to break the laws; 10. How to think about the problem of free will; 11. A promising argument; 12. Preface to the French translation of An Essay on Free Will; 13. The problem of fr** w*ll; 14. Ability; Index.

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Book SynopsisAlthough computation and the science of physical systems would appear to be unrelated, there are a number of ways in which computational and physical concepts can be brought together in ways that illuminate both. This volume examines fundamental questions which connect scholars from both disciplines: is the universe a computer? Can a universal computing machine simulate every physical process? What is the source of the computational power of quantum computers? Are computational approaches to solving physical problems and paradoxes always fruitful? Contributors from multiple perspectives reflecting the diversity of thought regarding these interconnections address many of the most important developments and debates within this exciting area of research. Both a reference to the state of the art and a valuable and accessible entry to interdisciplinary work, the volume will interest researchers and students working in physics, computer science, and philosophy of science and mathematics.Table of ContentsList of figures; List of tables; Preface; Introduction Michael E. Cuffaro and Samuel C. Fletcher; Part I. The Computability of Physical Systems and Physical Systems as Computers: 1. Ontic pancomputationalism Gualtiero Piccinini and Neal G. Anderson; 2. Zuse's thesis, Gandy's thesis, and Penrose's thesis B. Jack Copeland, Oron Shagrir and Mark Sprevak; 3. Church's thesis, Turing's limits, and Deutsch's principle Rossella Lupacchini; Part II. The Implementation of Computation in Physical Systems: 4. How to make orthogonal positions parallel: revisiting the quantum parallelism thesis Armond Duwell; 5. How is there a physics of information? On characterizing physical evolution as information processing Owen J. E. Maroney and Christopher G. Timpson; 6. Abstraction/representation theory and the natural science of computation Dominic Horsman, Viv Kendon and Susan Stepney; Part III. Physical Perspectives on Computer Science: 7. Physics-like models of computation Klaus Sutner; 8. Feasible computation: methodological contributions from computational science Robert H. C. Moir; 9. Relativistic computation Hajnal Andréka, Judit X. Madarász, István Németi, Péter Németi and Gergely Székely; Part IV. Computational Perspectives on Physical Theory: 10. Intension in the physics of computation: lessons from the debate about Landauer's principle James Ladyman; 11. Maxwell's demon does not compute John D. Norton; 12. Quantum theory as a principle theory: insights from an information-theoretic reconstruction Adam Koberinski and Markus P. Müller; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisKant''s philosophical achievements have long overshadowed those of his German contemporaries, often to the point of concealing his contemporaries'' influence upon him. This volume of new essays draws on recent research into the rich complexity of eighteenth-century German thought, examining key figures in the development of aesthetics and art history, the philosophy of history and education, political philosophy, and the philosophy of religion. The essays range over numerous thinkers including Baumgarten, Mendelssohn, Meyer, Winckelmann, Herder, Schiller, Hamann and Fichte, showing how they variously influenced, challenged, and revised Kant''s philosophy, at times moving it in novel directions unacceptable to the magister himself. The volume will be valuable for all who are interested in this distinctive period of German philosophy.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. Aesthetic Perspectives: 1. Baumgarten, Meier, and Kant on aesthetic perfection J. Colin McQuillan; 2. Mendelssohn, Kant, and the aims of art Paul Guyer; 3. Winckelmann's Greek ideal and Kant's critical philosophy Michael Baur; Part II. Historical Perspectives: 4. Eighteenth-century anthropological and ethnological studies of Ancient Greece: Winckelmann, Herder, Caylus, and Kant Elisabeth Décultot; 5. Conjectural truths: Kant and Schiller on educating humanity Lydia L. Moland; 6. Herder's theory of organic forces and its Kantian origins Nigel DeSouza; Part III. Political Perspectives: 7. Kant and Mendelssohn: enlightenment, history, and the authority of reason Kristi Sweet; 8. Johann Jakob Moser and Immanuel Kant on public law and the German religious constitution Ian Hunter; 9. A family quarrel: Fichte's deduction of right and recognition Gabriel Gottlieb; Part IV. Religious Perspectives: 10. Rational faith and the pantheism controversy: Kant's 'orientation essay' and the evolution of his moral argument Brian A. Chance and Lawrence Pasternack; 11. Reason and immortality – Herder versus Kant Marion Heinz; 12. Reason within the limits of religion alone: Hamann's onto-christology Daniel O. Dahlstrom.

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Book SynopsisRecently there has been a major revival of interest in the connections between evolutionary theory, especially that of Darwin, and moral reasoning and action. This wide-ranging and clearly written book traces the history of evolutionary ethics and takes readers through the arguments involved.Trade Review'No comprehensive understanding of where the debates over evolutionary ethics currently lie would be possible without The Cambridge Handbook. It is an indispensable guide to critical philosophical disputes.' Scott M. James, MetascienceTable of ContentsIntroduction Michael Ruse and Robert J. Richards; Part I. Historical: 1. Ethics, evolution and the a priori: Ross on Spencer and the French sociologists Hallvard Lillehammer; 2. Nietzsche's rejection of nineteenth-century evolutionary ethics Jeffrey O'Connell; 3. American pragmatism, evolution, and ethics Trevor Pearce; 4. The path to the present Abraham H. Gibson; 5. Social Darwinism and market morality: a modern-day view for evolutionary ethics Naomi Beck; Part II. For Evolutionary Ethics: 6. Darwinian evolutionary ethics Michael Ruse; 7. Human morality: from an empirical puzzle to a metaethical puzzle Richard Joyce; 8. Evolution and the epistemological challenge to moral realism Justin Horn; 9. Evolutionary naturalism and valuation Richard A. Richards; 10. Evolutionary ethics, a theory of moral realism Robert J. Richards; 11. Moral mismatch and abolition Ben Fraser; Part III. Against Debunking Arguments: 12. Moral realism and evolutionary debunking arguments Russ Shafer-Landau; 13. Why Darwinism does not debunk objective morality William J. FitzPatrick; 14. Debunking arguments: mathematics, logic, and modal security Justin Clarke-Doane; 15. Evolution and the missing link (in debunking arguments) Uri D. Leibowitz and Neil Sinclair; 16. Better than our nature? Evolution and moral realism, justification and progress Michael Vlerick; Part IV. Elaborations: 17. Darwinian ethics: biological individuality and moral relativism Frédéric Bouchard; 18. Evolutionary psychology, feminist critiques thereof, and the naturalistic fallacy Lynn Hankinson Nelson; 19. A theological evaluation of evolutionary ethics Michael L. Peterson.

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Book SynopsisRecent Anglophone scholarship has successfully shown that Nietzsche''s thought makes important contributions to a wide range of contemporary philosophical debates. In so doing, however, scholarship has lost sight of another important feature of Nietzsche''s project, namely his desire to challenge the very conception of philosophy that has been used to assess his merits as a philosopher. In other words, contemporary scholarship has overlooked Nietzsche''s contributions to metaphilosophy, i.e. debates around the nature, methods, and aims of philosophy. This important new collection of essays brings together an international group of distinguished scholars to explore and discuss these contributions and debates. It will appeal to anyone interested in metaphilosophy, Nietzsche studies, German studies, or intellectual history.Trade Review'Loeb and Meyer have assembled a well-rounded cast of internationally recognized scholars to address the long-unanswered question: 'What exactly is philosophy for Nietzsche?' The resulting volume presents many sides to this crucial problem in a judicious and highly learned fashion.' Anthony K. Jensen, Providence College, Rhode Island'The editors of this volume, Paul S. Loeb and Matthew Meyer, have gathered a number of exciting essays on the general topic of Nietzsche's metaphilosophy - a topic which has not enjoyed such detailed and close treatment in Anglo-American scholarship as is provided here.' Notre Dame Philosophical ReviewsTable of ContentsIntroduction Paul S. Loeb and Matthew Meyer; Part I. Evolving Metaphilosophies: 1. Metaphilosophy and 'natural history' Marco Brusotti; 2. The dialectics of Nietzsche's metaphilosophies Matthew Meyer; 3. Nietzsche as metaphilosopher Antoine Panaïoti; Part II. The Nature of Philosophy: 4. The relationship between science and philosophy as a key feature of Nietzsche's metaphilosophy Rebecca Bamford; 5. Genuine philosophers, value-creation, and will to power: an exegesis of Beyond Good and Evil §211 Paul S. Loeb; 6. Nietzsche's masks: philosophy and religion in Beyond Good and Evil Robert B. Pippin; Part III. The Method of Philosophy: 7. Nietzsche's affective perspectivism as a philosophical methodology Mark Alfano; 8. Nietzsche's philosophical naturalism Tsarina Doyle; 9. Nietzsche's moral methodology Paul Katsafanas; Part IV. The Aims of Philosophy: 10. Nietzsche's aesthetic conception of philosophy: a (post-Kantian) interpretation of The Gay Science João Constâncio; 11. Metaphilosophy and metapolitics in Nietzsche and Heidegger Beatrix Himmelmann; 12. Nietzsche's psychology of metaphysics (or, metaphysics as revenge) Scott Jenkins; 13. 'The great seriousness begins': Nietzsche's tragic philosophy and philosophy's role in creating healthier racialized identities Jacqueline Scott.

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Book SynopsisFor those open to the possibility that philosophical thought can improve life, David Hume''s Essays: Moral, Political, and Literary have something to say. In the first comprehensive study of the Essays, Margaret Watkins engages closely with these neglected texts and shows how they provide important insights into Hume''s perspective on the breadth and depth of human life, arguing that the Essays reveal his continued commitment to philosophy as a discipline that can promote both social and individual progress. Addressing topics such as politics, war, slavery, the priesthood, the development of industry, aesthetics, emotional disorders, egoism, friendship, sexuality, gender relations, and the nature of philosophy itself, the volume examines Hume''s purposes and aims against the backdrop of the eighteenth century society in which he lived. It will be of interest to scholars of modern thought in philosophy, politics, history, and economics.Table of ContentsIntroduction; 1. Governing; 2. Domineering; 3. Working; 4. Composing; 5. Self-loving; 6. Loving; 7. Thinking; Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis is a study of what constituted legality and the role of law inancient societies. Investigating and comparing legal codes and legal thinking of the ancient societies of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, India, the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and of the ancient Rabbis, this volume examines how people used law to create stable societies. Starting with Hammurabi''s Code, this volume also analyzes the law of the pharaohs and the codes of the ancient rabbis and of the Roman Emperor Justinian. Focusing on the key concepts of justice equity and humaneness, the status of women and slaves, and the idea of criminality and of war and peace; no other book attempts to examine such diverse legal systems and legal thinking from the ancient world.Trade Review'Larry May's monumental achievement, astonishing in scope, depth, and insight, offers a rich historical mosaic of understandings of law, justice and equity and their interrelationships. It is essential reading for any legal or political philosopher and invaluable for any serious student of law and justice. May writes with a historian's keen eye for detail and context and a philosopher's eye for conceptual nuance, networks of concepts, and intersecting lines of argument.' Gerald J. Postema, Cary C. Boshamer Professor of Philosophy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill'In this magisterial book, Professor May manages to combine sweeping coverage with fascinating details about ancient legal thought on justice, equity, fairness, mercy, and principles of morality and right embodied within law. He makes a convincing case that legitimacy has long been fundamental to legal authority.' Brian Z. Tamanaha, John S. Lehmann University Professor, Washington University'… Ancient Legal Thought could be particularly useful for topic-specific teaching and research on themes such as the position of women, the legality of war, slavery, and the impact of inequality as reflected in law and legal writing.' G. S. Gessert, Choice'This remains a work of tremendous worth. Vast in scope and ambition, guided by an inquiring mind, this is a deeply enjoyable and thought-provoking book.' Anthony Smart, Comparative Legal HistoryTable of ContentsPart I. Mesopotamia and Egypt: Section 1. Ancient Procedural Law: 1. Ancient legal reasoning; 2. Judging, trials, and assemblies; 3. Oaths, ordeals, and truth; Section 2. Freedom, Equality, and Legal Status: 4. Debt forgiveness and equity; 5. Freedom and slavery; 6. Class, legal status, and equality; 7. Women's separate sphere; Section 3. Crime and Punishment: 8. Complicity and conspiracy; 9. Crime and Lex Talionis; 10. Capital punishment; Section 4. International Justice: 11. Ancient treaties and trust; 12. Aggressive war and necessity; Part II. Greece and China: Section 5. Law, Justice and Equity: 13. Custom and law in Ancient Greece and China; 14. Justice and equity; 15. Trial, juries, and democratic assemblies; Section 6. Legal Status: 16. Citizens and aliens; 17. Women; 18. Slavery and democracy; Section 7. Responsibility and Punishment: 19. Causation and responsibility; 20. Homicide and pollution; 21. Justification, excuse, and mitigation; 22. Hubris and impiety; Section 8. War and Amnesty: 23. Amnesty, sanctuary, and exile; 24. Justified war and the law of nations; Part III. India and the Roman Republic: Section 9. Law, Justice and Equity: 25. Law and its sources in Ancient Roman and Indian law; 26. Legal procedures and trials; 27. Equity and justice; Section 10. Legal Status and Social Class: 28. Legal status of women; 29. Social class and slavery; Section 11. Responsibility and Punishment: 30. Political and moral crimes; 31. Punishment, cruelty, and humaneness; 32. Crimes concerning legal and political abuse; Section 12. War and Treaties: 33. Treaties, hostages, and keeping faith; 34. The rules of war and the law of peoples; Part IV. Rabbinic Law and the Roman Empire: Section 13. Justice, Equity, and Conflict of Laws: 35. Law, morality, and religion; 36. Dual legal regimes; 37. The law and ancient legal scholars; Section 14. Differential Status: 38. Women in Jewish and Roman thought; 39. Slaves in Jewish and Roman legal thought; Section 15. Responsibility: 40. Intention and causation in criminal law; 41. Injury and murder; 42. Public punishment, penal prisons, and police; Section 16. Universal Law at the End of Ancient Times: 43. Universal law and human rights; 44. The origins of the just war doctrine; 45. Final thoughts on equity, justice, and humaneness.

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Book SynopsisIn this volume, Douglas Yoder uses the tools of modern and postmodern philosophy and biblical criticism to elucidate the epistemology of the Tanakh, the collection of writings that comprise the Hebrew Bible. Despite the conceptual sophistication of the Tanakh, its epistemology has been overlooked in both religious and secular hermeneutics. The concept of revelation, the genre of apocalypse, and critiques of ideology and theory are all found within or derive from epistemic texts of the Tanakh. Yoder examines how philosophers such as Spinoza, Hume, and Kant interacted with such matters. He also explores how the motifs of writing, reading, interpretation, image, and animals, topics that figure prominently in the work of Derrida, Foucault, and Nietzsche, appear also in the Tanakh. An understanding of Tanakh epistemology, he concludes, can lead to new appraisals of religious and secular life throughout the modern world.Trade Review'… Yoder's prose is generally clear and accessible, his explicitly nonlinear approach to his subject matter may challenge nonspecialists.' J. A. Gauthier, Choice'… a wide-ranging study of epistemology in the Tanakh … A very challenging and rewarding book.' Norman S. Wilson, Journal for the Study of the Old TestamentTable of Contents1. Reading epistemology in the Tanakh; 2. Unveiling knowledge/power; 3. Apokalypto, revelation, Imperium; 4. A revelatory observable; 5. Sees hears knows; 6. Qoheleth's critique of wisdom, knowledge, and critical thought; 7. Tanakh epistemology in modernity; 8. Tanakh epistemology and postmodernism; 9. Synthesis; 10. Consequences; Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThe idea that we are mutually dependent on the recognition of our peers is at least as old as modernity. Across Europe, this idea has been understood in different ways from the very beginning, according to each country''s different cultural and political conditions. This stimulating study explores the complex history and multiple associations of the idea of ''Recognition'' in Britain, France and Germany. Demonstrating the role of ''recognition'' in the production of important political ideas, Axel Honneth explores how our dependence on the recognition of others is sometimes viewed as the source of all modern, egalitarian morality, sometimes as a means for fostering socially beneficial behavior, and sometimes as a threat to ''true'' individuality. By exploring this fundamental concept in our modern political and social self-understanding, Honneth thus offers an alternative view of the philosophical discourse of modernity.Table of Contents1. Methodological Remarks on the History of Ideas vs. The History of Concepts; 2. From Rousseau to Sartre: Recognition and the Loss of Self; 3. From Hume to Mill: Recognition and Self-Control; 4. From Kant to Hegel: Recognition and Self-Determination; 5. A Historical Comparison of Recognition: An Attempt at a Systematic Summary.

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Book SynopsisIn the sixteenth century, the saint and scholar Sri Caitanya set in motion a wave of devotion to Krishna that began in eastern India and has now found its way around the world. Caitanya taught that the highest aim of life is to develop selfless love for God Krishna, the blue-hued cowherd boy who spoke the Bhagavad Gita. Although only a handful of poetry is attributed to Caitanya, his devotional theology was expounded and systematized by his followers in a vast array of poetical, philosophical, and ritual literature. This book provides a thematic study of Caitanya Vaishnava philosophy, introducing key thinkers and ideas in the early tradition, using Sanskrit and Bengali sources that have seldom been studied in English. The book addresses major areas of the tradition, including epistemology, ontology, aesthetics, ethics, and history, and every chapter includes relevant readings from primary sources.Table of ContentsIntroduction, Kenneth R.Valpey; Chapter 1 Reading, Kenneth R.Valpey; Chapter 2 Epistemology and Ontology, Ravi M.Gupta; Chapter 3 Reading, KiyokazuOkita; Chapter 4 Epistemology and Ontology II, KiyokazuOkita; Chapter 5 Reading, Ravi M.Gupta; Chapter 6 Ethics and Practice, Joseph T.O’Connell; Chapter 7 Reading, Graham M.Schweig; Chapter 8 Aesthetics, RembertLutjeharms; Chapter 9 Reading, RembertLutjeharms;

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Book SynopsisThis collection provides English readers with a critical update on current debates on biopolitics in and around Italian thought. More than a decade after the publication of seminal books such as Agamben's Homo Sacer and Hardt and Negri's Empire, the names of, among others, Roberto Esposito, Paolo Virno, Christian Marazzi, and Andrea Fumagalli have recently been brought to the attention of Anglophone scholars and political activists. Several authors have rightly emphasised the evanescent character of biopolitics, and the difficulty in providing a definition of it that could embrace all the conflicting theories of its most celebrated critics and supporters. The present collection is structured around the basic contention that bio-economy, human nature, and Christianity are the three visible contemporary manifestations of the theoretical object/problem of biopolitics in, respectively, Italian post-workerist economics, post-Marxist philosophical anthropology, and post-struTable of Contents1. Introduction Lorenzo Chiesa 2. Twenty Theses on Contemporary Capitalism (Cognitive Biocapitalism) Andrea Fumagalli 3. Dyslexia and the Economy Christian Marazzi 4. Hunger, Repletion, and Anxiety Massimo Recalcati 5. The Word and the Flesh: Postworkerism and the Biopolitics of Language in Paolo Virno and Christian Marazzi Pietro Bianchi 6. The Untamed Ontology Davide Tarizzo 7. The Anthropological Meaning of Infinite Regression Paolo Virno 8. Politics and Human Nature Roberto Esposito 9. Affirmative Biopolitics and Human Nature in Franco Basaglia’s Thought Alvise Sforza Tarabochia 10. The Bio-Theo-Politics of Birth Lorenzo Chiesa 11. Angels Giorgio Agamben 12. Divine Management: Critical Remarks on Giorgio Agamben’s The Kingdom and the Glory Alberto Toscano 13. Giorgio Agamben’s Godless Saints: Saving What Was Not Jelica Šumič 14. Kafka’s Land Surveyor K.: Agamben’s Anti-Muselmann Boštjan Nedoh 15. The Event of Language as Force of Life: Agamben’s Linguistic Vitalism Lorenzo Chiesa Frank Ruda

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Book SynopsisThe New Testament is designed for undergraduates beginning their first systematic study of the Christian Greek Scriptures. This introductory text familiarizes readers with the contents and major themes of the New Testament and acquaints them with the goals and methods of important Biblical scholarship.Instructors and students can now access their course content through the Connect digital learning platform by purchasing either standalone Connect access or a bundle of print and Connect access. McGraw-Hill Connect is a subscription-based learning service accessible online through your personal computer or tablet. Choose this option if your instructor will require Connect to be used in the course. Your subscription to Connect includes the following: SmartBook - an adaptive digital version of the course textbook that personalizes your reading experience based on how well you are learning the content. Access to your instructor's homework assignments, quizzes,Table of ContentsThe New Testament: A Student's Introduction, 9eCHAPTER 1: An Overview of the New TestamentCHAPTER 2. How the New Testament Was Formed and Handed Down to UsCHAPTER 3: The Diverse World of First-Century JudaismCHAPTER 4: The World of Greek Thought and CultureCHAPTER 5: The World of Roman Political PowerCHAPTER 6: The GospelsCHAPTER 7: Mark's Portrait of JesusCHAPTER 8: Matthew's Portrait of JesusCHAPTER 9: Luke's Portrait of JesusCHAPTER 10: John's Reinterpretation of JesusCHAPTER 11: The Continuing Quest for the Historical JesusCHAPTER 12: Luke's Account of the Early Church: The Book of ActsCHAPTER 13: PaulCHAPTER 14: Unity, Freedom, and Christ's ReturnCHAPTER 15: Freedom from Law and Justification by FaithCHAPTER 16: Letters from PrisonCHAPTER 17: Continuing the Pauline TraditionCHAPTER 18: General Letters on Faith and BehaviorCHAPTER 19: Continuing the Apocalyptic HopeCHAPTER 20: Outside the Canon Other Early Christian Literature

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Book SynopsisThe Philosophical Journey: An Interactive Approach enhances comprehension of philosophical study by encouraging students to ponder, explore, and actively participate in the learning process. Philosophy becomes a personal journey for students through a unique pedagogy that introduces philosophical concepts through practical application in the form of primary sources, interwoven exercises, and sections that encourage critical thinking. **Available exclusively through McGraw-Hill Create, Discourses: A Database of Classical and  Contemporary Readings for Philosophy by Donald C. Abel  is an online collection of more than 450 readings that can be customized for your course.Table of ContentsPrefaceCHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Philosophical JourneyCHAPTER 2 The Search for Ultimate RealityCHAPTER 3 The Search for KnowledgeCHAPTER 4 The Search for GodCHAPTER 5 The Search for Ethical ValuesCHAPTER 6 The Search for the Just SocietyCHAPTER 7 Philosophy and the Meaning of LifeAPPENDIXReasoning Effectively: What to Do and What Not to DoIndex

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Book SynopsisIn a provocative and engaging style, Philosophy: A Historical Survey with Essential Readings consists of two main parts: the chapters, which study the primary contributions of Western civilization''s most influential philosophers, and the anthology of chronologically-organized classic readings from Western philosophy.  The first half of this book presents a sustained narrative of the great philosophers of Western civilization, from ancient Greece until today.  In the second half, the authors offer a snapshot of the most famous discussions by many of the philosophers studied in the first half.  These readings parallel the order presented in the first half of the book. Philosophy: A Historical Survey with Essential Readings also can be customized (as a print or ebook) to include selections from Discourses, McGraw Hill's collection of more than 450 classical and contemporary philosophy readings.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1: Socrates’s PredecessorsCHAPTER 2: The Sophists and SocratesCHAPTER 3: PlatoCHAPTER 4: AristotleCHAPTER 5: Classical Philosophy after AristotleCHAPTER 6: AugustineCHAPTER 7: Philosophy in the Early Middle AgesCHAPTER 8: Aquinas and His Late Medieval SuccessorsCHAPTER 9: Philosophy during the RenaissanceCHAPTER 10: Rationalism on the ContinentCHAPTER 11: Empiricism in BritainCHAPTER 12: Enlightenment PhilosophyCHAPTER 13: KantCHAPTER 14: German IdealismCHAPTER 15: Utilitarianism and PositivismCHAPTER 16: Kierkegaard, Marx, and NietzscheCHAPTER 17: Pragmatism and Process PhilosophyCHAPTER 18: Analytic PhilosophyCHAPTER 19: Phenomenology and ExistentialismCHAPTER 20: Recent Philosophy

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Book SynopsisWhat does the other fellow consist of? What is that other fellow? Well, the philosopher had to answer that question. And it''s the one question he never answered satisfactorily. And it''s the one question that''s been answered satisfactorily in Scientology. - L. Ron Hubbard An extraordinary drama played out across thousands of years, Man''s long search to penetrate the mystery of the other fellow and thereby to know himself found its expression not only in philosophy and religion, but even in war and conquest. Yet in spite of, or perhaps because of, the crucial intensity of this quest, its continuing failure down the centuries accumulated ever deepening problems for Man. Hence, in desperation, he eventually abandoned the search entirely in 1879, to be precise. And into the vacuum of its failure there stepped a new and deadly theory. Specifically, that the other fellow is no more than an aggregate of brain, blood and sinew, a stimulus response mechanism that reacts to but is incapable o

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Book Synopsis'Brilliantly unillusioned thinking... It could hardly be more necessary in these all-too-moralistic times' - James Marriott, THE TIMESMorals have held empires together, kept soldiers marching under fire, fed the hungry, passed laws, built walls, welcomed immigrants, destroyed careers and governed our sex lives. But what if morality's all meaningless rubbish, a malfunctioning relic of our evolutionary past? This is the provocative argument that Chris Paley makes. This isn't an attack on one set of moral codes or one way of thinking about ethics: it's a call for abolishing the whole caboodle.He uses evolutionary psychology to show how and why morality emerged: theyenabled our forebears to survive and prosper in tribal groups. Today, our morals constrain us, bias us, and push us in the wrong direction. The biggest challenges our species faces, whether global warming, nuclear proliferation or the rise of the robots, are pan-human. These challenges are beyond what our moral minds were designed to cope with. You can't build smartphones with stone-age axes, and you can't solve modern humanity's problems with tools that are designed to create primitive, competitive groups.From Chris Paley, author of the 'extraordinary', 'startling' and 'thought-provoking' Unthink, comes Beyond Bad, which shows morals hinder us from achieving what we want to achieve. Beyond Bad is the book that 'does for morals what Dawkins did for God'.

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Book SynopsisBroadly defined psychobiology is a wide field of scientific endeavor, which bridges the artificial divide imposed by the Cartesian philosophy of things of the mind and things of the body. Starting in the early decades of the 20th century, mind-body research developed new avenues of understanding in Western science. It became increasingly clear that processes attributed to the psyche, including emotions, cognitions, memories, and personalities, had important effects upon physiological events, could disrupt homeostasis, determined and controlled allostasis, and arose, in fact, from biological phenomena driven by cell biology, biochemistry, genomics and, in a larger sense, interactomics. In brief, psychobiology reunited, at last, the sciences of psychology and physiology. Current advanced research in psychobiology proffers a new perspective on human and animal behavior, with cognitions, emotions, and traits describing the interaction between biological systems and behavior. Today, novel frontiers in psychobiology research encompass how cognition (what we are thinking) and mood (how we are feeling) combine with, determine and are engendered by biological events. The superb chapters that compose this book are written by the premier internationally and most renowned psychobiologists in the world at this time. They examine several of the most important domains of psychobiology research today: from a novel conceptualization of stress in the context of the person-environment fit model, to the modulation of immune surveillance by perceived stress, the alterations of cognition by pharmaceutical use and over-use, as well as from athletic training or ionization poisoning to, ultimately, the brain-gut interaction. The role of functional MRS in the study of advanced research questions in psychobiology is also discussed in depth. Taken together, this collection of chapters make this book on advanced psychobiology both timely and critical. Expectations are that future research development in psychobiology, as the field continues to advance, will continue to strive to understand how psychological and biological connections shape the human experience. Psychobiology will increasingly provide a uniquely new perspective in psychology on the one hand, and on the other hand, in biology along several of the dimensions proffered in this book.

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Book SynopsisThis book, originally published in 1903, traces the origin of Auguste Comtes philosophy in the mental effervescence of the first generation of the twentieth century towards a reorganisation of society, after the upheaval left by the Revolution and its consequences.

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Book SynopsisFor some years the author of this work has been collecting materials for writing the history of the French Revolution. With this object in view he has visited Paris, wishing also to become familiar with the localities rendered immortal by the varied acts of this drama -- the most memorable tragedy, perhaps, which has as yet been enacted upon the theatre of time.

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Book SynopsisThe System of Nature is a 2 volume book on philosophy written by Paul-Henri Thiry in 1770 and published in French. Most importantly, the author denies the existence of God, arguing that belief in a higher being is the product of fear, lack of understanding, and anthropomorphism. It is the most comprehensive description of Atheism in the history of philosophy.Table of ContentsPrefaceThe origin of man's ideas upon the DivinityOf mythology -- Of theologyOf the confused and contradictory ideas of theologyExamination of the proofs of the existence of the Divinity, as given by ClarkeExamination of the proofs offered by Descartes, Malebranche, Newton, &cOf Pantheismor of the natural ideas of the DivinityOf Theism -- Of the System of Optimism -- Of Final CausesExamination of the Advantages which result from Man's Notions on the Divinity-- of their Influence upon Morals-- upon Politics-- upon Science-- upon the Happiness of Nations, and that of individualsTheological Notions cannot be the Basis of Morality -- Comparison between Theological Ethics and Natural Morality -- Theology prejudicial to the Human MindMan can form no Conclusion from the Ideas which are offered him of the Divinity -- Of their want of just Inference -- Of the Inutility of his ConductDefence of the Sentiments contained in this Work -- Of Impiety -- Do there exist Atheists?Is what is termed Atheism, compatible with Morality?Of the motives which lead to what is falsely called Atheism -- Can this System be dangerous? -- Can it be embraced by the Illiterate?A summary of the Code of Nature. A Brief Sketch of the Life and Writings of M. de MirabaudIndex.

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Book SynopsisThe System of Nature is a 2 volume book on philosophy written by Paul-Henri Thiry in 1770 and published in French. Most importantly, the author denies the existence of God, arguing that belief in a higher being is the product of fear, lack of understanding, and anthropomorphism. It is the most comprehensive description of Atheism in the history of philosophy.Table of ContentsPrefaceIntroductionNature and her lawsOf motion and its originOf matter -- of its various combinations -- of its diversified motion -- or of the course of NatureLaws of motion common to every being of Nature -- attraction and repulsion -- inert force-necessityOrder and confusion -- intelligence -- chanceMoral and physical distinctions of man -- his originThe soul and the spiritual systemThe intellectual faculties derived from the faculty of feelingThe diversity of the intellectual facultiesthey depend on physical causes, as do their moral qualities -- The natural principles of society -- morals -- politicsThe soul does not derive its ideas from itself -- it has no innate ideasOf the system of man's free-agencyAn examination of the opinion which pretends that the system of fatalism is dangerousOf the immortality of the soul -- of the doctrine of a future state -- of the fear of deathEducation, morals, and the laws suffice to restrain man -- of the desire of immortality -- of suicideOf man's true interest, or of the ideas he forms to himself of happiness -- Man cannot be happy without virtueThe errors of man -- Upon what constitutes happiness -- The true source of his evils -- Remedies that may be appliedThose ideas which are true, or founded upon Nature, are the only remedies for the evil of man -- Recapitulation -- Conclusions of the First PartIndex.

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Book SynopsisStudying philosophy means unraveling reality in all its aspects. By contextualizing today's reality in its social, political, ecological, spiritual and also aesthetic context, the chapters in this edited volume present research findings complementing or even challenging ongoing scholarly discussions in philosophy and humanity. The chapters are divided into five sections based on the issues being discussed: (1) Law and Politics, (2) Economy, (3) Humanity and Wellbeing, (4) Rethinking Spirituality, and (5) Arts. Besides the obvious urgency to problematize these issues due to the dynamics of paradigm and theories in the field of philosophy, there will always be a need to constantly create new conversations. The wide variety of aspects of humanity that are being analyzed in the chapters are done by non-Westerns scholars, in this case Indonesian scholars, and this provides alternative ways of interpreting philosophical concepts in relation to everyday realities. The issues being discussed might seem universal as depicted in the choices of texts, which come from different countries. However, the specificity of each context contributes to a more complex discussion of various philosophical aspects. The readings and interpretations of the philosophical theories build a non-Western scholarship which is definitely needed to enrich the process of knowledge production in the humanities and social sciences. The multiplicity of the texts chosen as case studies in each chapter is the primary specialty of this edited volume since there are not a lot of projects that cover multiple issues coming from different locales in one book with an interdisciplinary approach.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Sociological Jurisprudence: An Alternative to Seeking Justice and Certainty of Law Through Roscoe Pounds Thinking; Freedom of Judgment: The Relationship between Court Decisions and Legal Realism; Karl Marxs Metaphysical System: A Conceptual Framework of Understanding the Political Situations of Indonesia; Revitalizing the Liberal Finance System: Cryptocurrency Affirmation through the Concept of the Spontaneous Order by F A Hayek; A New Form of Capitalism: Freeware in the Network as a Manifestation of Information Exploitation; Philosophical Reflection of Disruptive Market Development on Human Mode of Relation; Critical Analysis on Well-Being of Disabled People Within Non-Monetary Area by Amartya Sens Capability Approach; Ecolinguistics as an Alternative Explanation for Ecological Problems: The Non-Balanced Relationship of Human Beings and Nature; Philosophical Analysis of Manual Technology Urgency in the Automation Era and its Relevance to Human Abilities; Plantingas Epistemic Externalism and The Problem of Divine Hiddenness in Theism: Knowledge About God as a Warranted Knowledge; Augustines Scepticism as The Critique of Traditional Religion; Sufism Movement in Rifaiyah Batik Art in Pekalongan-Batang In 1960-1980; Virtuality of Dance and the Paradox of Body Movement; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book consists of seven chapters, each providing a different point of view on the topic of critical thinking, which is defined as the analysis of facts to form a judgment. Chapter One aims to develop a method for improving students' critical thinking skills using cooperative learning. Chapter Two focuses on an education program designed to develop students' creativity and critical thinking skills and the impact this program had on teachers in Portuguese public schools. Chapter Three discusses the methods of teaching critical thinking that are most suitable for the Russian educational community. Chapter Four analyses the importance of critical thinking skills for fighting misinformation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, around which many unscientific rumours and conspiracy theories are propagated alongside truthful information. Chapter Five also concerns the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically in connection with the natural human bias towards optimism and how this bias distorts risk assessment in health-related decisions but also provides a sense of control and hope. Chapter Six discusses how teachers can leverage Donald Trump's proclivity towards manipulative rhetoric, glaring fallacies, and conspiracy theories for teaching critical thinking skills, as well as the potential pitfalls of doing so. Finally, Chapter Seven aims to rethink Essential Learning Outcomes by examining what skills are valued by employers and proposes a strategy of cross-listing courses to facilitate skill acquisition across disciplines.Table of ContentsPreface; Empowering Students Critical Thinking Skills with Investigations Through Cooperative Problem Solving (ITCPS) Model; Promoting Critical and Creative Thinking in Science Education: A Proposal for an Inservice Teacher Education Programme; Prospects for Critical Thinking in Russian Science Education; Critical Thinking in the Age of a COVID-19 and Infodemic-Filled Media; The Threats of Optimism Bias to Thinking Critically Under the COVID-19 Pandemic; Donald Trump as a Critical-Thinking Teaching Assistant; Reverse Engineering What Employers Value in Job Candidates: Preparing Students for the 21st Century Workplace; Index.

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