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Book SynopsisLoneliness is a difficult subject to address, because it has such negative connotations. But the truth is that wherever there are people, there is loneliness: everyone is lonely at some point in their lives. You can belonely in a crowd or at home, outdoors or in an empty church, and countless songs have been written about the condition. For many people, loneliness can significantly impact their quality of life and their physical and mental health. At the same time, our best moments can come when we are alone, and this can tell us something important about our place in the world. But what exactly is loneliness? Who does it affect? Why does it occur, linger and disappear? Lars Svendsen investigates both the positive and the negative sides of loneliness in this thoughtful new book. Drawing on the latest research in the fields of philosophy, psychology and the social sciences, A Philosophy of Loneliness explores the different kinds of loneliness, the philosophy of emotions, why some people are lonelier than others, and the psychological and social characteristics that dispose people to loneliness. Svendsen looks at the role of friendship and love in our lives and argues that our main problem is not that there is too much loneliness in modern societies, but rather that there is too little solitude. This hugely important book is essential reading for all those who want to know more about this complex and profound state of being.Trade Review'Lars Svendsen has written a book that brings both knowledge and wisdom to loneliness, that most intimate of moods.' - Jeffrey Kosky, Washington and Lee University, author of Arts of Wonder: Enchanting Secularity (2013).

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Book SynopsisSharing insights from teaching John Stuart Mill for many years, the eminent philosopher Philip Kitcher makes a cogent case for why we should read this nineteenth-century thinker now. He reflects on Mill’s ideas in the context of contemporary ethical, social, and political issues.Trade ReviewThe astute examination of Mill’s attempts to balance conflicts between universal equality and individual agency offer much to ponder. * Publishers Weekly *Kitcher eloquently presents a flexible, pragmatic Mill, a Mill whose main concerns are each person's self-cultivation, both intellectual and emotional, and the bonds of public deliberation that link people to one another. Using down-to-earth examples, he then shows how this Mill can confront many of the key problems of our era. A deeply impressive achievement and a marvelous addition to the Core Knowledge series. -- Martha C. Nussbaum, University of ChicagoIn this provocative book, Philip Kitcher challenges the conventional views of Mill as a straightforward utilitarian or libertarian. His Mill is a conflicted humanist and progressive. He thereby exposes the tensions in Mill's thought and turns him from someone whose lessons we have already learned into someone who speaks to our current problems. -- Elizabeth Anderson, author of Private Government: How Employers Rule Our Lives (and Why We Don't Talk About It)Written in a topical and lively style, this book relates Mill to the present through four central questions in ethical and political theory. Kitcher’s account gives Mill’s thought a new sense of urgency and relevance to today’s issues. -- Dean Moyar, author of Hegel’s Value: Justice as the Living GoodKitcher is one of the most interesting philosophers writing today. This remarkable book shows why. In lucid, jargon-free prose, it makes the case for reading Mill as a progressive, a humanist, and a philosophical pragmatist. It promises to delight philosophers and non-philosophers alike -- Charles Barzun, University of VirginiaAn excellent starting point for the eager and the intrepid who wish to plunge into the purpose driven yet ambivalent world of utilitarianism. * Blogternator *Making Mill clear, relevant, and vibrant for new readers and doing so in a way that connects with an enormous and controversial secondary literature. Philip Kitcher does a marvelous job of both. * H-Albion *Table of ContentsPreface1. The Making of a Conflicted Humanist2. Freedom for All?3. Democracy in Danger?4. Inevitable Inequality?5. When Do the Numbers Count?Coda: Progressive MillSuggestions for Further ReadingIndex

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Book SynopsisAncient Stoic insights combined with modern psychological research help us overcome—and even benefit from—everyday obstacles.Trade Review"Irvine is a warm and friendly Stoic, and one of the great guides through the subject. His congenial writing offers strategies for the anxiety-free, supple kind of sturdiness with which we should all be greeting ourselves and the world." -- Derren Brown, Mentalist, Illusionist and author of Happy"At this point, it’s helpful to turn to philosophy, which can fill the gap in tough times for people who are not religiously inclined... Recent and helpful books include... William Irvine’s The Stoic Challenge; all draw on original materials such as the Discourses of Epictetus and Meditations of Marcus Aurelius. One of the simple but powerful threads running through them is the need to separate what you can control from what you can’t control, and focus all your thoughts and efforts on the former." -- Ceri Radford, What to read to stay sane during the coronavirus pandemic. - The Independent

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Book SynopsisMost people believe that they were either benefited or at least not harmed by being brought into existence. Thus, if they ever do reflect on whether they should bring others into existence---rather than having children without even thinking about whether they should---they presume that they do them no harm. Better Never to Have Been challenges these assumptions. David Benatar argues that coming into existence is always a serious harm. Although the good things in one''s life make one''s life go better than it otherwise would have gone, one could not have been deprived by their absence if one had not existed. Those who never exist cannot be deprived. However, by coming into existence one does suffer quite serious harms that could not have befallen one had one not come into existence. Drawing on the relevant psychological literature, the author shows that there are a number of well-documented features of human psychology that explain why people systematically overestimate the quality of their lives and why they are thus resistant to the suggestion that they were seriously harmed by being brought into existence. The author then argues for the ''anti-natal'' view---that it is always wrong to have children---and he shows that combining the anti-natal view with common pro-choice views about foetal moral status yield a ''pro-death'' view about abortion (at the earlier stages of gestation). Anti-natalism also implies that it would be better if humanity became extinct. Although counter-intuitive for many, that implication is defended, not least by showing that it solves many conundrums of moral theory about population.Trade ReviewThis isn't a new book, but it is generating increasing discussion in university departments and elsewhere: hence this review... If you enjoy an ethical challenge, then read this book. * Malcolm Torry, Triple Helix *For those who admire really careful and imaginative argumentation, and are interested in either issues of life and death, or the foundations of morality, it's a must read * Harry Brighouse, Out of the Crooked Timber *Benatar's discussion is clear and intelligent. * Yujin Nagasawa MIND *Table of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. Why coming into existence is always a harm ; 3. How bad is coming into existence? ; 4. Having Children: The Anti-Natal View ; 5. Abortion: The 'Pro-Death' View ; 6. Population and Extinction ; 7. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThe concept of law lies at the heart of our social and political life, shaping the character of our community and underlying issues from racism and abortion to human rights and international war. The revised edition of this Very Short Introduction examines the central questions about law's relation to justice, morality, and democracy.Trade ReviewWith an admirable and elegant economy of expression - which compromises neither subtlety nor nuance - Ray Wacks has written in Philosophy of Law: A Very Short Introduction, a juristic gem that not only shines with clarity but sparkles with insight on topics as diverse as natural law, rights theory, utilitarianism, the sociology of the law, critical legal studies and law-and-economics. An indispensable introduction for the student of legal philosophy, as well as a sound and reliable guide for the seasoned scholar, Wacks' Philosophy of Law makes a knock-down case, concisely and capaciously, for the absolute centrality of jurisprudence to the study of law. * Professor William MacNeil, Griffith Law School *Table of ContentsIntroduction ; 1. Natural law ; 2. Legal positivism ; 3. Dworkin: the moral integrity of law ; 4. Rights and justice ; 5. Law and society ; 6. Critical legal theory ; 7. Understanding law: a very short epilogue ; References ; Further reading

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Book SynopsisLiberalism is under attack. From the rise of nationalism and populism to the decline of trust in institutions, liberals are facing unprecedented challenges. But what does it mean to be a liberal in the 21st Century? And how can we defend the values that we hold dear? In his new book, How to Be a Liberal, Ian Dunt provides a clear and concise guide to liberalism for the modern age. Drawing on his years of experience as a journalist and political commentator, Dunt argues that liberalism is not just a set of abstract principles, but a practical guide to living a good and meaningful life. In the book, Dunt covers a wide range of topics, including: What is liberalism and why is it important? The history of liberalism and its key thinkers The different types of liberalism and their strengths and weaknesses How to be a liberal in a world that is increasingly hostile to liberalism Dunt's writing is witty and engaging, and he makes complex ideas accessible to a general audience. He is also not afraid to tackle difficult topics, such as the challenges of multiculturalism and the rise of identity politics. But what makes How to Be a Liberal truly unique is Dunt's emphasis on the importance of humor and irony in the defense of liberalism. He argues that liberals need to learn to laugh at themselves and their opponents, and to avoid taking themselves too seriously. In one passage, Dunt writes: "Liberalism is not a religion. It is a set of ideas that are open to challenge and debate. Liberals should never be afraid to laugh at themselves or their own beliefs. In fact, I would argue that a sense of humor is essential for any liberal who wants to be effective in the world." Dunt's book is a timely and important contribution to the debate about liberalism in the 21st century. It is a must-read for anyone who wants to understand what it means to be a liberal today and how to defend the values that we hold dear.Trade Review‘A tour de force; a mighty trumpet blast for the forces of liberalism and enlightenment in the face of a global tide of ignorance and populism.’ – THE SECRET BARRISTER‘This is a history of ideas as it should be written – brilliant, vivid story-telling about the people who shaped liberalism, the challenges it has faced over the centuries, its commitment to the truth and why it’s now more important than ever to defend it.’ – CAROLINE LUCAS MP‘Dunt’s gift for making complicated issues comprehensible is second to none. Courageous.’ – JAMES O’BRIEN, LBC‘How To Be A Liberal is required reading for today’s political debates.’ – ANNE APPLEBAUM, TWILIGHT OF DEMOCRACY ‘Clear-eyed and hard-headed. His defence of liberalism is political writing at its most urgent and engaging.’ – NICK COHEN, OBSERVER COLUMNIST‘A phenomenal history from a truly big mind.’ – DAVID SCHNEIDER, THE DEATH OF STALIN'When in the course of human events it falls on us to resist, this makes a welcome guidebook.' – KIRKUS'He describes liberalism as “an enormous, boisterous, confounding bloody thing,” and writes passionately in its favour, as a counterweight to ignorance and populism. This book is required reading for anyone interested in politics and philosophy.' – PROSPECT'All of Ian Dunt’s How to be a Liberal is essential reading, but the chapter on Harriet Taylor and John Stuart Mill is blistering, eye-opening stuff.' – Shakespeare & Company bookstore, https://twitter.com/Shakespeare_Co/status/1332266783303151617 Table of ContentsTODAY. Reveals the six lies behind the rise of nationalism in the Republican Party in the USA, the Conservative Party in Great Britain, the Bharatiya Janata Party in India, Likud in Israel, the Alliance for Brazil in Brazil, PDP–Laban in the Philippines, Fidesz in Hungary and the Lega in Italy 1. BIRTH. The origin of independent thought in the mind of philosopher René Descartes, who realised Cogito, ergo sum: 'I think therefore I am'. Mentions Meditations on First Philosophy and Discourse on the Method, and Nicolaus Copernicus' On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres. 2. AWAKENING. In the English Civil War period, radicals started to outline three political thoughts that challenged the established order. They were freedom of religious conscience, the notion of the individual, and the notion of doubt. These three ideas would become central to liberalism 3. THE THREE REVOLUTIONS. Liberalism was moulded in the furnace of three revolutions in the 18th century: The Glorious Revolution in England, the American Revolution and the French Revolution THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 4. CONSTANT. The womanising dissolute 18th Century Swiss philosopher Benjamin Constant established the political rights of the individual and warned of the tyranny of an over-mighty government in Napoleonic France 5. HARRIET AND JOHN. Harriet Taylor and John Stuart Mill had a deep love affair and laid the groundwork for the development of modern liberalism, including championing a minority cause in 19th Century Victorian England: the right of women to vote. They wrote The Enfranchisement of Women and On Liberty 6. DEATH. The Dreyfuss Affair in France, the extermination of peasants in Ukraine's Holodomor, and the genocide against Jews in Nazi Germany showed what happened when nationalism when tyrants could channel the 'will of the people' over the rights of the individual protected by liberalism 7. NEW WORLD ORDER. After the catastrophe of the Second World War, liberal democracies in the West built a new post-war, rights-based liberal world order designed to guarantee peace and individual rights. Economically John Maynard Keynes triumphed over Friedrich Hayek 8. BELONGING. One flaw in liberalism was the lack of recognition of the identity felt by individuals, whether nationality or religion. The English writer George Orwell and philosopher Isaiah Berlin averred the importance of this sense of belonging in their writings and ultimately in liberalism 9. CRASH. The post-war liberal world order crashed with oil crisis stagflation in the 1970s when Hayek's small state philosophy took root in US governments, leading to bank deregulation on Wall Street (and likewise in the UK under Margaret Thatcher) - leading eventually to 2008 global financial crash 10. IDENTITY WAR. Liberalism had largely been devised by white men, and women and ethnic groups carved out a separate identity that put the group ahead of the individual. 'This was no longer the politics of how to change the world. It was the politics of who you were.' 11. ANTI-TRUTH. Just as liberalism faced multiple threats from the resurgence of nationalism, the rise of identity politics and the financial crash, people’s ability to use reason diminished with the rise of social media. Now everyone was the arbiter of their own truth. Facts became opinions. 12. THE NEW NATIONALISM. 1. Hungary, where Victor Urban used fear of foreigners to dismantle the free media and democratic institutions of Hungary. 2. The rise of Donald Trump who degraded the idea of independent facts. 3 Brexit Britain where nationalist propaganda trumped a nation's interests 13. THE OTHER. How nationalists in Italy, Britain, the US and elsewhere have seized on a supposed threat to their countries from other people to whip up dissent and to crack down on immigration and the rights of individuals, harming democracy and liberal values TOMORROW. The big problem with liberalism has been complacency that it would eventually triumph around the world. The answer is for liberals to fight for their democratic values. Joe Biden's election as US President offers hope for a kinder, better future SORRY & THANK YOU. Acknowledgements and apologies. Mentions Ronald Dworkin, TH Green, François Guizot, Leonard Hobhouse, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Immanuel Kant, Robert Nozick, Martha Nussbaum, Karl Popper, John Rawls, Friedrich Schiller and Alexis de Tocqueville. FURTHER READING. An extensive list of books that hold the keys to liberalism, including Liberalism: The Life of an Idea by Edmund Fawcett and Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Also recommended is Toby Buckle’s Political Philosophy podcast. 'You owe it to yourself to read On Liberty' INDEX. The As start: Act of Union, Acxiom, Adam, adaptive preference, advertising, African Americans, aggregate demand, agitators, Agreement of the People, Akhmatova, Aktion T-4 programme, algorithms, alternative facts...

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Book Synopsis"The Companion Species Manifesto" is about the implosion of nature and culture in the joint lives of dogs and people, who are bonded in "significant otherness". In all their historical complexity, Donna Haraway tells us, dogs matter. They are not surrogates for theory, she says; they are not here just to think with.

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Book SynopsisGeorge Lakoff and Mark Johnson suggest that basic metaphors used in everyday speech not only affect the way we communicate ideas, but actually structure our perceptions and understandings from the beginning.

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Book SynopsisThe end of the Cold War, which occurred early in the 1990s, brought joy and freedom to millions. But it posed a difficult question to the world's governments and to the academics who studied them: how would world order be remade in an age no longer dominated by the competing ideologies of capitalism and communism? Samuel P. Huntington was one of the many political scientists who responded to this challenge by conceiving works that attempted to predict the ways in which conflict might play out in the 21st century, and in The Clash of Civilizations he suggested that a new kind of conflict, one centred on cultural identity, would become the new focus of international relations. Huntington's theories, greeted with scepticism when his book first appeared in the 1990s, acquired new resonance after 9/11. The Clash of Civilizations is now one of the most widely-set and read works of political theory in US universities; Huntington's theories have also had a measurable impact on American policy. In large part, this is a product of his problem-solving skills. Clash is a monument to its author's ability to generate and evaluate alternative possibilities and to make sound decisions between them. Huntington's view, that international politics after the Cold War would be neither peaceful, nor liberal, nor cooperative, ran counter to the predictions of almost all of his peers, yet his position – the product of an unusual ability to redefine an issue so as to see it in new ways – has been largely vindicated by events ever since.Table of ContentsWays in to the Text Who was Samuel Huntingdon? What does The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order Say? Why does The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order Matter? Section 1: Influences Module 1: The Author and the Historical Context Module 2: Academic Context Module 3: The Problem Module 4: The Author's Contribution Section 2: Ideas Module 5: Main Ideas Module 6: Secondary Ideas Module 7: Achievement Module 8: Place in the Author's Work Section 3: Impact Module 9: The First Responses Module 10: The Evolving Debate Module 11: Impact and Influence Today Module 12: Where Next? Glossary of Terms People Mentioned in the Text Works Cited

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Book SynopsisReflects the elegant achievement of Kant. This title provides a roadmap to Kant's abstract and complex argumentation by locating his view in the context of eighteenth-century, and attempts to understand the nature of the thinking mind and its ability to comprehend the physical universe.Trade ReviewThe text rendered by Pluhar is the work of an expert translator. . . the virtues of his text are manifold; his translation exhibits an incontrovertible mastery of both English and German. Equally important is the fact that Pluhar has given the original a very close read during the act of translating. . . . Pluhar consistently resists the tendency to translate woodenly word-for-word. . . . In point of fact, accuracy of translation stands in no direct relation to literalness; it is much more a product of meticulous textual reading and skilful writing, and in this respect Pluhar has no modern equals in English Kant translation. --James Jakob Fehr, Kant-Studien

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Book SynopsisRené Girard (1923-) was Andrew B. Hammond Professor Emeritus of French Language, Literature, and Civilization at Stanford University, USA, from 1981 to his retirement in 1995. A historian, literary critic and philosopher, he is the author of over 30 books including Violence and the Sacred.Trade ReviewRene Girard's work is both a rationally articulated study and a prophetic vision of the hidden origins of culture and the nature of cultural processes. In its enormous, breathtaking scope it suggests the projects of those nineteenth century intellectual giants (Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Freud) who still cast long shadows today. By contrast, contemporary criticism seems paltry and faint-hearted. * Comparative Literature *[A] highly readable talent for analyzing and deconstructing myth... original and provocative. * Sunday Times *One of the most striking theories of human culture ever presented. * Christianity and Literature *Table of ContentsBOOK I: FUNDAMENTAL ANTHROPOLOGY Chapter 1: The Victimage Mechanism as the Basis of Religion Acquisitive Mimesis and Mimetic Rivalry; The Function of the Law: Prohibiting Imitation; The Function of Ritual: Imperative Mimesis; Sacrifice and the Victimage Mechanism; The Theory of Religion Chapter 2: The Development of Culture and Institutions Variants in Ritual; Sacred Kingship and Central Power; The Polyvalence of Ritual and the Specificity of Institutions; The Domestication of Animals and Ritual Hunting; Sexual Prohibitions and the Principle of Exchange; Death and Funeral Rites Chapter 3: The Process of Hominization Posing the Problem; Ethology and Ethnology; The Victimage Mechanism and Hominization; The Transcendental Signifier Chapter 4: Myth: The Invisibility of the Founding Murder The 'Radical Elimination'; 'Negative Connotation', 'Positive Connotation'; Physical Signs of the Surrogate Victim Chapter 5: Texts of Persecution Persecution Demystified: The Achievement of the Modern and Western World; The Double Semantic Sense of the Word 'Scapegoat'; The Historical Emergence of the Victimage Mechanism BOOK II: THE JUDAEO-CHRISTIAN SCRIPTURES Chapter 1: Things hidden since the Foundation of the World Similarities between the Biblical Myths and World Mythology; The Distinctiveness of the Biblical Myths; The Gospel Revelation of the Founding Murder Chapter 2: A Non-Sacrificial Reading of the Gospel Text Christ and Sacrifice; The Impossibility of the Sacrificial Reading; Apocalypse and Parable; Powers and Principalities; The Preaching of the Kingdom; Kingdom and Apocalypse; The Non-Sacrificial Death of Christ; The Divinity of Christ; The Virgin Birth Chapter 3: The Sacrificial Reading and Historical Christianity Implications of the Sacrificial Reading; The Epistle to the Hebrews; The Death of Christ and the End of the Sacred; Sacrifice of the Other and Sacrifice of the Self; The Judgement of Solomon; A New Sacrificial Reading: The Semiotic Analysis; The Sacrificial Reading and History; Science and Apocalypse Chapter 4: The Logos of Heraclitus and the Logos of John The Logos in Philosophy; The Two Types of Logos in Heidegger; Defining the Johannine Logos in Terms of the Victim; 'In the Beginning . . .'; Love and Knowledge BOOK III: INTERDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 1: Mimetic Desire Acquisitive Mimesis and Mimetic Desire; Mimetic Desire and the Modern World; The Mimetic Crisis and the Dynamism of Desire; The Mimesis of Apprenticeship and the Mimesis ofRivalry; Gregory Bateson's 'Double Bind'; From ObjectRivalry to Metaphysical Desire Chapter 2: Desire without Object Doubles and Interdividuality; Symptoms of Alternation; The Disappearance of the Object and Psychotic Structure;Hypnosis and Possession Chapter 3: Mimesis and Sexuality What is known as 'Masochism'; Theatrical 'Sado-Masochism'; Homosexuality; Mimetic Latency and Rivalry; The End of Platonism in Psychology Chapter 4: Psychoanalytic Mythology Freud's Platonism and the Use of the Oedipal Archetype; How do you reproduce a Triangle?; Mimesis and Representation; The Double Genesis of Oedipus; Why Bisexuality?; Narcissism: Freud's Desire; The Metaphors of Desire Chapter 5: Beyond Scandal Proust's Conversion; Sacrifice and Psychotherapy; Beyond the Pleasure Principle and Structural Psychoanalysis; The DeathInstinct and Modern Culture; The Skandalon To Conclude Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"A lively new translation geared for maximum utility, featuring a short introduction, pithy but invented section titles (“A Brief Note on Bad Plots”) and basic endnotes."---Timothy Farrington, Wall Street Journal"[Freeman’s] smooth translation…[organizes] Aristotle’s arguments with bullet points and section heads. . . . There is pleasure in returning to Aristotle. . . . [his] precepts can fuel your understanding of what writing should be."---Noor Qasim, New York Times Book Review"[The book] presents Aristotle’s brilliant ideas in a more modern guise, and makes them more engaging."---Viktor Zavŕel, Graeco-Latina Bruensia

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Book SynopsisA dazzling collectible edition of one of the mostgroundbreaking thinkers of the 20th century''s incisive philosophical analysis of western civilization?Herbert Marcuse taught me that it was possible to be an academic and an activist, a scholar and a revolutionary.? - Angela Davis Originally published in 1955, Herbert Marcuse?s Eros and Civilization has been deemed by the New York Times ?the most significant general treatment of psychoanalytic theory since Freud himself ceased publication.? In this classic work, the internationally celebrated social theorist, philosopher, and political activist interrogates Freud''s statement that civilization is based on the permanent subjugation of the human instincts to interpret the basic trends of western civilization.What emerges is an in-depth examination of the philosophical and sociological implications of Freud?s reconstruction of the prehistory of mankind. Challenging the widespread repression of his time, Marcuse imagines a utopian civilization emphasizing liberation and play.Known as the ?father of the New Left,? Marcuse?s incisive critique of capitalist society and analysis of consumerism and social repression remain more relevant than ever.

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewA Better Ape will transform evolutionary approaches to human morality and to human cultural evolution. With elegant, often stirring prose, and rigorous, scientifically-informed arguments, Kumar and Campbell not only illuminate the origins of human morality but also show how morality has driven human evolution. * Allen Buchanan, Laureate Professor of Philosophy, The University of Arizona *Kumar and Campbell weave a tale of the past, present, and future of moral psychology by unifying some of the most compelling theories from philosophy, biology, psychology, comparative cognition, and anthropology. The story is masterfully told, and reading the book is like reading the end of a Sherlock Holmes story, when we learn how all the clues fit together. But this book isn't just for people who already have the pieces of the puzzle. Kumar and Campbell offer clear and concise descriptions of leading theories in human evolution and moral psychology, giving just enough background to allow anyone to come along for the ride. Their argument that Darwinism richly explains morality is an important contribution to the ongoing debates. * Kristin Andrews, Professor of Philosophy and Research Chair in Animal Minds, York University *In this beautifully written book, Kumar and Campbell argue that evolution explains the emergence of morality, and, more strikingly, that human morality has subsequently played a key role in shaping our biological nature. A Better Ape manages that rare feat of making an important, novel contribution while also being a joy to read * Shaun Nichols, Professor of Philosophy and Director of Cognitive Science, Cornell University *Written in a clear, accessible style, this book presents a compelling synthesis of the best ideas in contemporary evolutionary theory and moral philosophy. A brilliant example of how philosophical reflection on topics of perennial concern can be enriched through deep engagement with the human sciences. * Joseph Heath, Professor of Philosophy, University of Toronto *Kumar (Boston Univ.) and Campbell (Dalhousie Univ.) are both scholars of philosophy and science (cognitive science and environmentalism, respectively) and in this excellent book, they explore the evolution of human morality as a biocultural adaptation and the resulting rise of collective living and human intelligence...this study is an important addition to the literature on human morality and intelligence. * Choice *This is an exceptionally well-written book, the prose is crisp, clean, and elegant-and it draws on a wealth of research in evolutionary biology and psychology. * R. Paul Thompson, Quarterly Review of Biology *Table of ContentsPreface: Origins Introduction: Morality I. MORAL APES 1: Altruism 2: Emotions II. MORAL MINDS 3: Norms 4: Pluralism 5: Reasoning III. MORAL CULTURES 6: Tribes 7: Societies IV. MORAL PROGRESS 8: Progress 9: Inclusivity 10: Equality Coda: Survival Acknowledgments Notes References

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Book SynopsisFrom ancient philosophy toTristram Shandy and Buster Keaton movies, this book tells the engaging history of accident as an idea. An accidental glance at a newspaper notice causes Rousseau to collapse under the force of a vision. A car accidentally hits Giacometti, and he experiences an epiphany. Darwin introduces accident to the basic process of life, and Freud looks to accident as the expression of unconscious desire. Accident, Ross Hamilton claims, is the force that makes us modern. Tracing the story of accident from Aristotle to Buster Keaton and beyond, Hamilton's daring book revives the tradition of the grand history of ideas. Accident tells an original history of Western thought from the perspective of Aristotle's remarkably durable categories of accident and substance. Throughout antiquity and the Middle Ages, Aristotle's distinction underwrote an insistence on order and subordination of the inessential. In a groundbreaking innovation, Hamilton argues that after the ReformaTrade Review"That [Hamilton] has alighted on a strikingly original vein of inquiry, to which he brings remarkable intellectual resources, is not in doubt. One wonders whether the idea of the book just idly struck him, or whether it loomed up with a certain implacable necessity." -- Terry Eagleton * London Review of Books *“Accident is a considerable achievement. An informative, fascinating and thought-provoking book, it results from a bold and original undertaking and is the fruit of an impressive amount of research and reflection. In tracing a history of Western thought, it grapples with the difficulty of perceiving and conceptualizing historical change itself. It successfully relates particular configurations of thought to broad cultural developments and to the mutations of subjectivity. In opening up new perspectives on the power of accident, Hamilton addresses nothing less than the question of what it means to be human.” * Romantic Review *"From St. Augustine to Buster Keaton, through Tristram Shandy and Alien, Hamilton follows his own radical line of inquiry into the nature and meaning of accident, almost creating in the process an entire new philosophical discipline." -- Barnes and Noble Review * James Parker *"Readers will get the impression that an excellent teacher . . . . is guiding them across millennia. . . . Specialists in English and comparative literature and those teaching undergraduate humanities courses will be well served by this book." . * Choice *“Ross Hamilton's Accident: A Philosophical and Literary History is a highly erudite comparative study….Displaying not only great literary-historical, comparative, and philosophical breadth but also rich interpretive depth, this study demonstrates something that could be called prismatic ingenuity, illuminating multiple aspects of ‘accident,’ many of which are far from obvious.” * ACLA Harry Levin Prize, 2009 Winner *"Hamilton presta atención a lo accidental [. . .] lo cual da lugar a este muy sugerente recorrido por el concepto, sus transformaciones, y el subrayado de la total dependencia de su génesis aristotélica." -- Sixto J. Castro * Estudios Filosóficos * “This book is a remarkable contribution to a comprehensive definition of modernity. It deserves the greatest attention, for it takes full account of the background and the main symptoms of the modern mind, both in philosophy and in literature.” -- Jean Starobinski“Sigmund Freud told us there were no accidents. Everything that could happen to us was already ourselves. Ross Hamilton’s extraordinary book both confirms and subtly extends Freud by showing that his was only a partial truth. In Hamilton’s vision, we are a living labyrinth in which accidents do happen but are never as gratuitous as they may seem.” -- Harold Bloom“I am impressed by the diversity and range of the learning Ross Hamilton applies to a difficult and varied topic, largely invented by himself. A new topic, a new way of dealing with it, and a philosophical/literary treatment by a good writer—surely it will attract informed attention.” -- Frank Kermode“Beautifully and lucidly written, Accident balances a series of elegant and convincing close readings—­always supported by an impressive command of the critical terms—­of texts from Oedipus Rex through Musil’s Man without Qualities with a compelling and closely reasoned narrative arc. This is one of the most exciting, imaginative, and original books I’ve read in years, as well as one of the most accomplished and learned: it is truly innovative literary criticism grounded in solid literary scholarship.”­—Helen Deutsch, University of California, Los Angeles * Helen Deutsch *Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction: The Shock of Experience ONE / Accidental Origins: Defining Accidental Qualities and EventsTWO / Divine Substance: Assimilation of Accident within Christian TheologyTHREE / Skeptical Accidents: Secularization of Accident during the ReformationFOUR / Accidental Experience: Radical Enlightenment and the Science of AccidentFIVE / Novel Accidents: Self-Determining Accidents in Print CultureSIX / The Textual Self: Opportunity and Emotion in the Creation of the IndividualSEVEN / The Accidental Sublime: Returning Substance to Accidental EventsEIGHT / Altered States: The Macroscopic Impact of Accidental QualitiesNINE / The Form of Accident: The Boundaries of PerceptionTEN / Envisioning Accident: Searching for Substance in an Accidental World Conclusion: Pattern RecognitionBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisFew philosophers have had more influence on the shape of western philosophy after 1900 than Martin Heidegger. Basic Writings offers a full range of this profound and controversial thinkerâs writings in one volume, including: The Origin of the Work of Art The introduction to Being and Time What Is Metaphysics? Letter on Humanism The Question Concerning Technology The Way to Language The End of Philosophy Featuring a foreword by Heidegger scholar Taylor Carman, this essential collection provides readers with a concise introduction to the groundbreaking philosophy of this brilliant and essential thinker.Table of ContentsBeing and Time: Introduction. What is Metaphysics?. On the Essence of Truth. The Origin of the Work of Art. Letter on Humanism. Modern Science, Metaphysics, and Mathematics. The Question Concerning Technology. Building Dwelling Thinking. What Calls for Thinking?. The Way to Language. The End of Philosophy and the Task of Thinking.

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Book SynopsisIn this clear and evocative account, John Gaskin unfolds the thinking about nature, life, death and other worlds that informed the culture and society of the Classical world, drawing out its interest for modern readers. Witty sketches and diagrams enliven the story, which runs from Homeric Greece to the banning of pagan religions in ad 391. The book concludes with a gazetteer describing notable sites and the people and ideas connected with them, making it an ideal companion for visitors to Classical ruins and for all armchair travellers curious to explore life's big questions.Trade Review'A great idea, smartly executed … You’ll never confuse a Stoic with a Cynic again' - Independent'One of my favourite discoveries in the last twelve months' - Juxtabook'Clear and evocative … a delightful book … It is written with a light and witty touch but you will be the wiser for reading it' - Timeless TravelsTable of ContentsPart I – The Idea of Hellenism: What the Greeks Created: 1. The Scheme of Things Entire • 2. The Idea of Hellenism • 3. Wine, Sex and the Symposium • 4. Theatres: Festivals, Entertainments and Meetings • 5. Temples: Gods, Feasts and Safe Deposits • Part II – The Ideal of Homer and the Ideas of the Philosophers: • 1. Troy: The Legend and the Book • 2. Troy: The Book and the Ideals • 3. Miletus: The Nature of the Universe • 4 Ionia and Western Greece: Laws, Numbers and Reality • 5. Athens: Socrates, Plato and Other Worlds • 6. Aristotle and this World: Nature, Life and Ethics • 7. Epicurus: The Garden and the Wilderness • 8. Stoicism: Duty and the Laws of Nature • 9. Neoplatonism: The Last Protest • 10. The End of Classical Antiquity • Part III – Cities and Citizens: A Gazetteer

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Book SynopsisA knowledge of Heidegger's Sein und Zeit is essential for anyone who wishes to understand a great deal of recent continental work in theology as well as philosophy. Yet until this translation first appeared in 1962, this fundamental work of one of the most influential European thinkers of the century remained inaccessible to English readers.Table of ContentsTranslators' Preface. Author's Preface to the Seventh German Edition. Introduction. Exposition of the Question of the Meaning of Being. 1. The Necessity, Structure, and Priority of the Question of Being. 2. The Twofold Task of Working out the Question of Being. Method and Design of our Investigation. Part I:. The Interpretation of Dasein in Terms of Temporality, and the Explication of Time as the Transcendental Horizon for the Question of Being. 3. Preparatory Fundamental Analysis of Dasein. Exposition of the Task of a Preparatory Analysis of Dasein. Being-in-the-World in General as the Basic State of Dasein. The Worldhood of the World. Being-in-the-World as Being-with and Being-One's-Self. The 'they'. Being-in as Such. Care as the Being of Dasein. 4. Dasein and Temporality. Dasein's Possibility of Being-a-Whole, and Being-Towards-Death. Dasein's Attestation of an Authentic Potentiality-for-Being, and Resoluteness. Dasein's Authentic Potentiality-for-Being-a-Whole, and Temporality as the Ontological Meaning of Care. Temporality and Everydayness. Temporality and Historicality. Temporality and Within-Time-Ness as the Source of the Ordinary Conception of Time. Author's Notes. Glossary of German Terms. Index.

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Book SynopsisDignity is humanity's most prized possession. We experience the loss of dignity as a terrible humiliation: when we lose our dignity we feel deprived of something without which life no longer seems worth living.Trade Review"An elegant and subtle exploration of dignity and what it means to lose it." Nigel Warburton, author of A Little History of Philosophy "Human Dignity shows a rich and insightful exploration of the idea of human dignity from various angles and at several levels. Bieri carefully distinguishes dignity from other similar looking but really quite different concepts and deals with such important questions as how to live and die with dignity. This is an important book." Bhikhu Parekh, House of Lords "An important and beautiful book, thoroughly worth reading." Frankfurter Allgemeine ZeitungTable of ContentsIntroduction: Dignity as a way of living1. Dignity as autonomyBeing a subject Being an end in itselfSlaughterhousesWhat if it is voluntary? Humiliation as demonstrated powerlessnessEscaping to an inner fortressHaving rightsBeing patronizedCaring paternalism Respect for alterity and convictionDependence: asking and beggingBegging for feelings Inner autonomy: thoughtInner autonomy: wanting and decidingInner autonomy: emotionsInner autonomy: self-image and censorship Humiliation through serfdomAutonomy through self-knowledgeNeeding therapy Dignity through workMoney2. Dignity as encounterWhen subjects encounter each other Commitment and distancing Recognition Equal rights Putting someone on display Sex objectsHuman commodityNeglect Talk to me! Laughing at someone Denying explanation Manipulation Deception Seduction Overpowering Working with a therapist No pity, thank you! Encounters between autonomous individuals Leaving an open future to the otherDignified partings3. Dignity as respect for intimacyThe dual need for intimacy Feeling the other’s gazeWhat is a defect? The logic of shameShame as humiliationDignity as conquered shameThe intimate space The innermost zoneDignified disclosuresUndignified disclosuresShared intimacyBetrayed intimacy as lost dignity A challenge: Intimacy as a lack of courage4. Dignity as truthfulnessLying to others Lying to oneselfHonesty and its limitsCalling things by their proper nameSaving one’s faceBullshit5. Dignity as self-respectDignity through limitsFluid self-imagesDestroying self-respectSacrificing self-respectBreaking self-respectResponsibility for oneself6. Dignity as moral integrityMoral autonomyMoral dignityDignity in guilt and forgivenessPunishment: Development instead of destructionAbsolute moral boundaries?7. Dignity as a sense for what mattersMeaning of lifeOne’s own voiceEquanimity as a sense of proportionThe view from the end8. Dignity as the acceptance of finitudeWhen others lose themselves Escape Losing oneself: ResistanceLosing oneself: Accepting the journey into darkness DyingLetting someone dieEnding one’s lifeResponsibility towards the deadReferences & Further Reading

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Book SynopsisFrederick Copleston was born in Somerset in 1907. After studying at Oxford, he held a number of academic posts, including Professor of the History of Philosophy and Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy at London University. He died in 1994.

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Book SynopsisEvery philosophy is a celebration of the fact that being can be thought, that the world around us yields to concepts that join together into arguments which can lead us to new thoughts and new ways of thinking. Heidegger's great talent was to never lose his philosophical wonder at philosophy, to never stop thinking about thinking.

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Book SynopsisTechnology is a crucial feature of the modern world, and human beings are necessarily technological creatures. Our goal must be to use technology effectively, efficiently, and ethically. We have hands that are adept at using tools, and intelligence that guides our actions. We also have desires and emotions that motivate us to achieve more and more, never allowing us to stop.From the viewpoint of praxiology, technology does not exist merely to satisfy the human need in an effective and efficient way. The problems of the modern world and the questions we must ask with respect to technology and how it is used are complicated and demanding. They may initially seem mysterious, perhaps even partly subconscious. In this fifteenth volume of a distinguished international series, contributors address essential questions about the philosophy and ethics of technology. Their intention is to point out the road not only to its better applications but also to its greater understanding.The first part oTable of ContentsPART ONE: Technology and Praxiology Problem Areas of the Philosophy of Technology, The Praxiological Concept of Technology, Positive Feedback and Praxiology: Path Dependence in Action, PART TWO: Action and Innovation Praxiology and the Effectiveness of Information and Communication Technologies, Application of Systemic-Structural Theory of Activity to Design and Management of Work Systems, The Smart Questions Approach: Changing Problem Solving to Creating Solutions, Routine Innovation and the Estrangement of the Past, Hans Reichenbach and his Techno-optimism, PART THREE: The World of Technology and Its Ethics Human and Machine Centred Technologies: A Philosophical and Ethical Analysis, Material Culture and the Conditions for the Good Life: Albert Borgmann on Thinking about Ethics in Technological Culture, Technology Changing Medical Ethics, Quality as an Ethical Issue: Technical and Economic Aspects: A Small IT Companies Case, How to Achieve Ethical Goals for Business: The Rise of Technology and the Spirit of Global Corporate Responsibility, In Search of Corporate Social Responsibility Essence

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Book SynopsisIn the wake of globalization, cultural forms of expression have become increasingly detached from their places of origin, circulating in a hyper-domain of culture where there is no real difference anymore between indigenous and foreign, near and far, the familiar and the exotic. Heterogeneous cultural contents are brought together side by side, like the fusion food that makes free use of all that the hypercultural pool of spices, ingredients and ways of preparing food has to offer. Culture is becoming un-bound, un-restricted, un-ravelled: a hyperculture. It is a profoundly rhizomatic culture of intense hybridization, fusion and co-appropriation. Today we have all become hypercultural tourists, even in our 'own' culture, to which we do not even belong anymore. Hypercultural tourists travel in the hyperspace of events, a space of cultural sightseeing. They experience culture as cul-tour. Drawing on thinkers from Hegel and Heidegger to Bauman and Homi Bhabha to examine the characteristics of our contemporary hyperculture, Han poses the question: should we welcome the human of the future as the hypercultural tourist, smiling serenely, or should we aspire to a different way of being in the world?Trade Review"This book will be of use to a wide range of students of society and philosophy but also to those who wish to think differently about the world in which we reside either as Cul-tour or Culture."—Joyzine "Hyperculture is an exhilarating exploration of culture in the era of globalisation, cyberspace and massively networked data."—The Morning Star "Combining philosophical inquiry with cultural critique, Han objectively delineates and clarifies modern society's existential ailments, while trying to discern where we may be going on the current trajectory."—Law & LibertyTable of ContentsTourist in a Hawaiian ShirtCulture as HomeHypertext and HypercultureThe Eros of InterconnectednessFusion FoodHybrid CultureThe Hyphenization of CultureThe Age of ComparisonThe De-Auratization of CulturePilgrims and TouristsWindows and MonadsOdradekHypercultural IdentityInterculturality, Multiculturality, and TransculturalityAppropriationOn Lasting PeaceCulture of FriendlinessHyperlogueThe WandererThresholdNotes

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Book SynopsisGiven his energetic involvement in practical initiatives and extensive lecturing, Rudolf Steiner had little time to write books. Of those he did write - belonging almost entirely to the earlier years of his work - four titles form an indispensable introduction to his later teaching: Knowledge of the Higher Worlds, Occult Science, The Philosophy of Freedom and Theosophy. Are we free, whether we know it or not? Or is our sense of freedom merely an illusion? Rudolf Steiner tackles this age-old problem in a new way. He shows that by taking account of our own activity of thinking, we can know the reasons for our actions. And if these reasons are taken from our world of ideals, then our actions are free, because we alone determine them. --- But this freedom cannot be settled for us by philosophical argument. It is not simply granted to us. If we want to become free, we have to strive through inner activity to overcome our unconscious urges and habits of thought. In order to do this we must reach a point of view that recognises no limits to knowledge, sees through all illusions, and opens the door to an experience of the reality of the spiritual world. Then we can achieve the highest level of evolution, and recognise ourselves as free spirits.

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Book SynopsisPeruvian priest Gustavo Gutiérrez wanted to solve the problem of how the church could conduct itself to improve the lives of the poor, while consistently positioning itself as politically neutral. Despite being a deeply religious man, Gutiérrez was extremely troubled by the lukewarm way in which Christians in general, and the Catholic Church in particular, acknowledged and supported the poor. In A Theology of Liberation, he asked what he knew was an awkward question, and came to an awkward answer: the Church cannot separate itself from economic and political realities.Jesus showed his love for the poor in practical ways – healing the sick, feeding the hungry, liberating the oppressed. His example showed Gutierrez that economic, political, social and spiritual development are all deeply connected. His problem-solving prowess then led him to conclude that the church had to become politically active if it was to confront poverty and oppression across the world. For Gutierrez, the lives of the poor and oppressed directly reflect the divine life of God. Table of ContentsWays In to the Text Who was Gustavo Gutiérrez? What does A Theology of Liberation Say? Why does A Theology of Liberation Matter? Section 1: Influences Module 1: The Author and the Historical Context Module 2: Academic Context Module 3: The Problem Module 4: The Author's Contribution Section 2: Ideas Module 5: Main Ideas Module 6: Secondary Ideas Module 7: Achievement Module 8: Place in the Author's Work Section 3: Impact Module 9: The First Responses Module 10: The Evolving Debate Module 11: Impact and Influence Today Module 12: Where Next? Glossary of Terms People Mentioned in the Text Works Cited

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Book SynopsisIf you buy one book this year make sure it''s this one... Enchanting.Daily MailThis charming book weaves hedgehogs into our hearts, our lives and our national identity.John WitherowA few days after her elderly father is admitted to hospital, Sarah Sands and her grandson find a poorly hedgehog in the garden. They name her Peggy, and her fate becomes a matter of pressing concern.There is something about hedgehogs - homely and yet mysterious, prickly and defenceless, wild and tame - that makes us feel deeply sympathetic to them.Having managed to outlive roads, dogs, strimmers and pesticides, hedgehogs are now an endangered species. For Sarah Sands, our failure to protect them is a symptom of our alienation from the living world.But all is not yet lost. In this charming book, Sands explores the meaning and morals of hedgehogs, and finds, in hedgehog world, a source of deep solace and wisdom.

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Book SynopsisWithin the hallowed pages of this transcendent masterpiece, Heindel, like a wise oracle, imparts profound wisdom and unveils the veils shrouding the mysteries of existence. His words serve as keys that unlock the portals to higher knowledge, guiding us on an inner pilgrimage toward self-realization and cosmic harmony. With poetic grace, Heindel weaves together the threads of ancient wisdom, esoteric teachings, and scientific insights, creating a tapestry of enlightenment that transcends the boundaries of time and space. Through his meticulous guidance, he unveils the hidden laws of the universe and empowers us to align our lives with divine purpose and cosmic order. In Teachings of an Initiate, Heindel beckons us to embark upon a sacred quest of self-discovery and inner transformation. His teachings illuminate the path toward spiritual awakening, unveiling the limitless potential that resides within each of us. This extraordinary literary creation serves as a beacon of light amidst the shadows of uncertainty, inspiring seekers of truth to embrace the path of initiation.

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Book SynopsisAnthology of philosophical essays. Discussion the relationship between the mind and the brain. Table of Contents1. The Prestige of Consciousness 2. The Prophet and the Great Book 3. The Diver of Ephesu 4. Mind and Brain according to the History of Philosophy 5. Mind and Brain as Music and Musical Score 6. Is the Will an Illusion? 7. The Mechanical Lion of Leonardo and the Neuron in the Shape of Mirror 8. Spring and Autumn of the Mirror Neuron 9. Censorship for the Ghost of Realism 10. What Is Big Bang? 11. The World Is Crazy 12. Consciousness of Machines and Upload of Our Mind 13. To Die Will Be an Awfully Big Adventure! 14. The Detachment and the Elsewhere 15. The Ambassadors and the Flight with Wings 16. Far from Speeches

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Book SynopsisArgues that Nietzsche tried to create a specific literary character in his writings and discusses the paradoxes of his work.Trade ReviewThis is the best and most important book on Nietzsche in English. Alexander Nehamas argues at a level of sophistication and provides a density of content which are very rare in this field. -- Michael Tanner * Times Literary Supplement *This new study is fascinating for its portrayal of Nietzsche’s thought as ‘literary’ in a twofold sense: first, Nehamas argues that Nietzsche viewed the world as if it were a literary text; second, he claims that Nietzsche’s goal as an author was to create a specific literary character… The case is argued forcefully (and even with a touch of drama)… The writing is rich and allusive in a manner that is unusual in contemporary works of philosophy. It is a valuable contribution to our understanding of Nietzsche, one that adds substance to the often facile citing of Nietzsche in contemporary literary studies. -- Stephen N. Dunning * Poetics Today *Anyone at all interested in Nietzsche will certainly want to read [this book]… Nehamas has applied his own theory of interpretation, and he has postulated an integrated, coherent ‘Nietzsche’ to whom no future reader of Nietzsche can remain indifferent. -- David Hoy * London Review of Books *Marvelous… Nehamas has written perhaps the best book yet on Nietzsche’s philosophy. -- Robert C. Solomon * Philadelphia Inquirer *Nehamas evolves a wonderfully subtle and ingenious interpretation… [He has] produced something weighty, complex, distinctive—in its way, a work of art. -- George Scialabba * Village Voice Literary Supplement *Philosophers and anyone interested in philosophy ought…to welcome Alexander Nehamas’s elegant and challenging interpretation of this most ‘writerly of philosophers’ …This unusually engaging book demands our attention. -- Karsten Harries * New York Times Book Review *Table of ContentsIntroduction Part I. The World 1. The Most Multifarious Art of Style 2. Untruth as a Condition of Life 3. A Thing Is the Sum of Its Effects 4. Nature against Something That Is Also Nature Part II. The Self 5. This Life--Your Eternal Life 6. How One Becomes What One Is 7. Beyond Good and Evil A Note on Texts and Translations Notes Index

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Winner of the PROSE Award in Philosophy, Association of American Publishers""I can recommend [this book] to anyone who cares about animals."---Barbara J. King, Times Literary Supplement"An intellectual tour de force . . . . this book will change minds."---Simon Ings, New Scientist"[An] intriguing book. . . . Scientists have always speculated about the inner worlds of animals; Peña-Guzmán offers a novel, and poetic, way in."---Camille Bromley, The Atlantic"Amiable, lucid, and concise. . . . Peña-Guzmán addresses his own conjectures with a winning frankness."---Laura Miller, Slate"When Animals Dream is a fascinating, challenging, and thought-provoking book that gives human exceptionalism a philosophically-grounded middle finger."---Leon Vlieger, Inquisitive Biologist"Recommended."---J.A. Mather, Choice"Thought-provoking. . . .Fluid, nicely-paced read, with a lovely mixture of anecdote, analysis and speculation."---Jonathan Shock, Mathemafrica ​​​​​​​

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