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Philippe Rochat's FINITUDE is a rumination on time and self-consciousness. It is built around the premise that finitude and separation form the human self-conscious reality of time. It argues that we need to reclaim time from current theories in physics that tend to debunk time as an illusion, or state that time simply does not exist.This thought-provoking book considers how, from a human psychological and existential standpoint, time is very real. It examines how we make sense of such reality in human development and in comparison to other living creatures. The book explores how we represent time and live with it. It tries to capture the essence of time in our self-conscious mind. If we opt to live for as long as possible and knowing that it is going to end, how should we exist? FINITUDE contemplates this most serious psychological question. It considers the developmental origins of human subjectivity, the foundations of our sense of being alive and the explicit

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Book SynopsisDual-Aspect Monism and the Deep Structure of Meaning investigates the metaphysical position of dual-aspect monism, with particular emphasis on the concept of meaning as a fundamental feature of the fabric of reality. As an alternative to other positions mainly dualism, physicalism, idealism that have been proposed to understand consciousness and its place in nature, the decompositional version of dual-aspect monism considers the mental and the physical as two aspects of one underlying undivided reality that is psychophysically neutral. Inspired by analogies with modern physics and driven by its conceptual problems, Wolfgang Pauli, Carl Gustav Jung, Arthur Eddington, John Wheeler, David Bohm, and Basil Hiley are the originators of the approaches studied. A radically novel common theme in their approaches is the constitutive role of meaning and its deep structure, relating the mental and the physical to a psychophysically neutral base.The authors reconstruct the formal struTrade Review"In summary, the present book is well-written and provides a fascinating philosophical alternative to the usual suspects from metaphysics . . . It is recommended to those who feel that the problem of understanding mind and consciousness has something to do with the fundamental nature of reality itself. Its emphasis on the role of meaning in grounding this reality is novel and makes for a refreshing read."Robert Prentner, Journal of Consciousness Studies"The core argument of the book comes across clearly enough, the argument is of great philosophical and cultural importance, and the detailed discussions amply repay study. Also, this book is, to my mind, one of the most illuminating works yet published for understanding the philosophical underpinnings of Jung’s thought and its potential contributions to our current cultural situation."Roderick Main, Journal of Analytical Psychology“We have in this book a remarkable argument for the centrality of meaning in the workings of the world taken as a whole . . . While remaining grounded in careful analysis and a profound grasp of the argument’s scientific, philosophical, and psychological foundations, there is an almost mystical dimension as well . . . Atmanspacher and Rickles challenge analytical psychology and modern physics to a rich dialogue going forward.”George B. Hogenson, International Journal of Jungian StudiesTable of ContentsIntroductionPart 1: Monism and Meaning1. Historical Background to Dual-Aspect Monism2. Varieties of MeaningPart 2: Three Approaches to Dual-Aspect Monism3. Wolfgang Pauli and Carl Gustav Jung4. Arthur Eddington and John Wheeler5. David Bohm and Basil HileyPart 3: Discussion and Perspectives6. Comparative Discussion7. Ideas for Future Research8. Outlook: After Physicalism

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Book SynopsisPhilosophy, Science and Religion for Everyone brings together these great truth-seeking disciplines, and seeks to understand the ways in which they challenge and inform each other.Key topics and their areas of focus include: Foundational Issues why should anyone care about the science-and-religion debate? How do scientific claims relate to the truth? Is evolution compatible with design? Faith and Rationality can faith ever be rational? Are theism and atheism totally opposed? Is God hidden or does God simply not exist? Faith and Science - what provides a better explanation for the origin of the universescience or religion? Faith and physics: can they be reconciled? Does contemporary neuroscience debunk religious belief? Creationism and evolutionary biology - what constitutes science and what constitutes pseudo-science? Practical Implications is fundamentalism just a problem for religious people? What are the ethical implicationTrade Review"The chapters in this exciting book cover an impressive range of issues in the science and religion field in ways that are both very informative and encouragingly readable." Revd Professor Michael J Reiss, ISSR President, University College London, UK"This book asks all the right questions, and at a level accessible to the entry-level undergraduate, though also stretching the student into helpful areas of cutting-edge debate. It is well-introduced, and features usefully graded bibliographies and glossaries. I expect to use it extensively in my own teaching."Christopher Southgate, Associate Professor in Interdisciplinary Theology, University of Exeter, UK"This notable volume provides a much-needed philosophical perspective on the academic study of science and religion. The authors pack a great deal into this concise and accessible book, which includes useful annotated bibliographies, for students approaching the topic for the first time".The Revd Dr Andrew Davison, Starbridge Lecturer in Theology and Natural Science, University of Cambridge, UK.Table of ContentsTable of ContentsIntroduction (Mark Harris & Duncan Pritchard)1. How Do Scientific Claims Relate to the Truth? (Duncan Pritchard & S. Orestis Palermos)2. Faith and Physics: Can They Be Reconciled? (Mark Harris)3. Creationism and Evolutionary Biology—Science or Pseudo-Science? (Mark Harris & David De Pomerai)4. Is Evolution Compatible with Design? (Alasdair Richmond) 5. Is There a Fundamental Tension Between Faith and Rationality? (Duncan Pritchard) 6. Is God Hidden, Or Does God Simply Not Exist? (Ian Church) 7. Does Contemporary Neuroscience Debunk Religious Belief? (Sarah Lane Ritchie)8. Are Theism and Atheism Totally Opposed? Can They Learn From Each Other? (J. Adam Carter) 9. Is Fundamentalism Just a Problem For Religious People? (Emma Gordon)10. Why Should Anyone Care About the Science-and-Religion Debate? (Michael Fuller)11. What Provides a Better Explanation For the Origin of the Universe—Science or Religion? (David Fergusson & Katherine Snow)12. Do Logic and Religion Mix? (James Collin) 13. Does Science Show that we Lack Free Will? (Till Vierkant) 14. What Are the Ethical Implications of the Science-and-Religion Debate? (Jeremy Kidwell)Index

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Book SynopsisScience and Psychology provides a comprehensive introduction to the structure and characteristics of scientific explanation, using examples from a variety of sciences to illuminate the scientific approach taken in psychology. In addition, the authors discuss a range of conceptual issues particular to psychology. They examine the concepts of free will, consciousness, and purposeful behaviour, and consider the social implications of possible future changes in our understanding of these concepts and of ourselves. The final chapters of the book provide an account of what psychology can tell us about the history and origins of science.Assuming no previous understanding of either the philosophy of science or any science other than psychology, Science and Psychology is an ideal resource for both final year undergraduates and postgraduates studying psychology. Psychologists and other scientists who wish to further their understanding of the relationship betweenTrade Review"The first thing that is drummed into students coming from an arts background on most good psychology degrees is that psychology is a science. But it is not necessarily made clear what that means. Most students, too, lack any philosophical background. Scientific psychology attempted to repress its philosophical roots, but it failed. Many philosophical issues like consciousness and determinism keep reappearing. This book addresses both of these gaps with short simple chapters that are really easy to follow.", Emeritus Professor Tim Shallice, UCL"A fascinating and important book. It made me revisit key questions regarding the fundamentals of science and psychology in a way I have not done since taking Dr. Wilton’s class on the subject a decade ago. For students, this book is the perfect philosophical companion to research methods classes, while for academics it is an excellent way to reacquaint themselves with the roots of their discipline. However, the book also offers something of great value to the general audience: a detailed and accessible account of how science works.", Dr Juliet R. H. Wakefield, Senior Psychology Lecturer, Nottingham Trent University. Table of ContentsPreface: What this book is about Part 1: The Characteristics of Scientific Explanation and its Application to Psychology Chapter 1: The defining characteristic of science 1.1 Test your understanding of Chapter 1 Chapter 2: The structure of scientific explanation: The Standard View 2.1 The Standard View 2.2 Observation statements 2.3 Statements that assert laws 2.4 Testing laws 2.5 Theoretical statements 2.6 Testing theories 2.7 More on testing theories 2.8 Criteria used in deciding between theories 2.9 Test your understanding of Chapter 2 Chapter 3: The structure of scientific explanation: The Alternative View 3.1 The structure of scientific explanation 3.2 General conclusion 3.3 Must we conclude that no observation statement is incorrigible? 3.4 Conclusion 3.5 Implications for what one is free to believe about the world 3.6 Criteria used to decide between theories 3.7 Test your understanding of Chapter 3 Chapter 4: Some historical examples of responses to a contradiction between a theory and some apparent fact 4.1 Summary: the state of affairs at any one historical time 4.2 Test your understanding of Chapter 4 Chapter 5: The criteria used for choosing between competing theories 5.1 Axiomatic beliefs 5.2 Can selection according to one’s axiomatic beliefs be justified? 5.3 Power, scope, simplicity 5.4 Historical evidence favouring simple theories 5.5 Can a criterion of simplicity be justified? 5.6 Truth 5.7 Prediction 5.8 Explanatory content 5.9 Summary 5.10 Test your understanding of Chapter 5 Summary of Part 1: The characteristics of scientific explanation Part 2. Understanding Behaviour Chapter 6: Typical approaches in psychology: Internal mechanisms 6.1 The psychologist’s goal 6.2 Internal operations with no reference to embodiment 6.3 Granularity of explanation 6.4 Coarse-grained analysis 6.5 Fine-grained analysis 6.6 Connectionism 6.7 Some additional important points 6.8 Direct inspection of individual units 6.9 Test your understanding of Chapter 6 Chapter 7: Typical approaches in psychology: Skinner’s functional analysis 7.1 Objections 7.2 Test your understanding of Chapter 7 Chapter 8: Common-sense psychology and its implications 8.1 Common-sense explanations of human behaviour 8.2 Intentional states and causal explanations 8.3 Consequences of the two accounts differing in kind 8.4 The relevance of Tolman's theory 8.5 The two cases of sneezing, again 8.6 Verbal utterances 8.7 Some more examples 8.8 Some possible objections 8.9 Summary 8.10 Why do we like intentional accounts? 8.11 Test your understanding of Chapter 8 Chapter 9: Free will and determinism 9.1 Do laws of nature imply causality? 9.2 Laws of human behaviour: Causality or free will? 9.3 Test your understanding of Chapter 9 Chapter 10: The possible impact on social institutions (the legal system) if we relinquish our present disposition to believe in free will 10.1 Criteria for imposing punishment on offenders 10.2 Moral culpability 10.3 Deterrence 10.4 The possible impact of psychology upon the legal system 10.5 Comment on possible change in public attitude 10.6 Overall conclusion 10.7 Test your understanding of Chapter 10 Chapter 11: The problem of consciousness 11.1 Consciousness 11.2 The characteristics of sensations 11.3 Direct apprehension 11.4 Not subject to error 11.5 The relationship between sensations and physical events 11.6 Test your understanding of Chapter 11 Summary of Part 2: Understanding behaviour Part 3: What Psychology Tells Us About The Practice of Science Chapter 12: The use of imagery in scientific thought 12.1 Characteristics of mental problem solving 12.2 Are human disposed to use imagery in solving problems? 12.3 Examples of our disposition to use imagery 12.4 Conclusions so far 12.5 The history of scientific thought 12.6 Test your understanding of Chapter 12 Chapter 13: Why are cultures that practise science better at controlling the material world than non-scientific cultures? 13.1 (a) Structure of scientific theories (b) The development of the written word (c) The systematic testing of ideas (d) Different a priori assumptions about the world (e) Acceptance of fundamental change 13.2 Conclusion 3.3 Test your understanding of Chapter 13 Summary of Part 3: Psychological constraints on scientific explanations References

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Book SynopsisWhy is understanding causation so important in philosophy and the sciences? Should causation be defined in terms of probability? Whilst causation plays a major role in theories and concepts of medicine, little attempt has been made to connect causation and probability with medicine itself. Causality, Probability, and Medicine is one of the first books to apply philosophical reasoning about causality to important topics and debates in medicine. Donald Gillies provides a thorough introduction to and assessment of competing theories of causality in philosophy, including action-related theories, causality and mechanisms, and causality and probability. Throughout the book he applies them to important discoveries and theories within medicine, such as germ theory; tuberculosis and cholera; smoking and heart disease; the first ever randomized controlled trial designed to test the treatment of tuberculosis; the growing area of philosophy of evidence-based Trade Review"...[B]ound to become a must-read for any scholars interested in medical methodology, especially in how notions such as causality, evidence, mechanism, and probability intersect. These intersections have many facets, and Gillies gives us his own story of how they are linked. It is to be hoped that others will contribute to these debates, whether by examining other historical case studies, or exploring other practices in medicine where these issues are at stake." - Federica Russo, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews"This book is just what philosophy of medicine needs – careful argumentative analysis of issues that matter to the practice of biomedical science." - Harold Kincaid, University of Cape Town, South Africa"With his usual clarity, Professor Gillies manages to deal simultaneously with two among the most complex and thorny issues in science and philosophy of science: causality and probability. And he does so in a field – medicine – where their complexity grows exponentially, because of the theoretical and practical challenges of understanding and curing disease. The book is therefore an essential guide to those who want to delve into medicine." - Federica Russo, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"This book develops a philosophical theory of causality in a very engaging and readable way. It sheds light on many historical examples of medical discovery and also on present-day causal modelling methods. Essential reading for anyone interested in causality, probability, or medicine." - Jon Williamson, University of Kent, UK"Although the book often deals with quite technical and complicated material, it remains accessible throughout because the written expression is characteristically clear and engaging. All of the mathematical details are confined to a couple of appendices, which sit alongside a helpful glossary of medical terms. The book is also an excellent example of an approach in the philosophy of science that draws philosophical conclusions on the basis of a close examination of historical examples from actual scientific practic[....] It is therefore essential reading for anyone working in the history and philosophy of science and in particular the philosophy of medicine." -Daniel Auker‑Howlett & Michael Wilde, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK"This book is just what philosophy of medicine needs - careful argumentative analysis of issues that matter to the practice of biomedical science." - Harold Kincaid, University of Cape Town, South Africa"With his usual clarity, Professor Gillies manages to deal simultaneously with two among the most complex and thorny issues in science and philosophy of science: causality and probability. And he does so in a field - medicine - where their complexity grows exponentially, because of the theoretical and practical challenges of understanding and curing disease. The book is therefore an essential guide to those who want to delve into medicine." - Federica Russo, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"This book develops a philosophical theory of causality in a very engaging and readable way. It sheds light on many historical examples of medical discovery and also on present-day causal modelling methods. Essential reading for anyone interested in causality, probability, or medicine." - Jon Williamson, University of Kent, UKTable of ContentsIntroduction Part 1: Causality and Action 1. An action-related theory of causality 2. General discussion of AIM theories of causality 3. An example from medicine. Koch’s work on bacterial diseases and his postulates Part 2: Causality and Mechanisms 4. Mechanistic theories of causality and causal theories of Mechanism 5. Types of evidence: (i) evidence of mechanism 6. Types of evidence: (ii) statistical evidence in human populations 7. Combining statistical evidence with evidence of mechanism 8. The Russo-Williamson thesis: (i) effects of smoking on health 9. The Russo-Williamson thesis: (ii) the evaluation of streptomycin and thalidomide 10. Objections to the Russo-Williamson thesis 11. Discovering cures in medicine and seeking for deeper explanations Part 3: Causality and Probability 12. Indeterministic causality 13. Causal networks 14. How should probabilities be interpreted? 15. Pearl’s alternative approach to linking causality and probability 16. Extension of the action-related theory to the indeterministic case. Appendix 1. Example of a simple medical intervention which is not an intervention in Woodward’s sense Appendix 2. Mathematical Terminology Appendix 3. Sudbury’s Theorems Glossary of Medical Terms Index

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Book SynopsisEvolution, Order and Complexity reflects topical interest in the relationship between the social and natural worlds. It represents the cutting edge of current thinking which challenges the natural/social dichotomy thesis by showing how the application of ideas which derive from biology can be applied and offer insight into the social realm. This is done by introducing the general system theory to the methodological debate on the relation of human and natural sciences.

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Book SynopsisDavid Hume (17111776) is widely acknowledged as one of the most important philosophers in the English language, with his work continuing to exert major influence on philosophy today. His empiricism, naturalism, and psychology of the mind and the passions shape many positions and approaches in the sciences and social sciences.The Humean Mind seeks to provide a comprehensive survey of his work, not only placing it in its historical context but also exploring its contemporary significance. Comprising 38 chapters by a team of international contributors the Handbook is divided into four sections: Intellectual context Hume's thought Hume's reception Hume's legacyThis handbook includes coverage of all major aspects of Hume's thought with essays spanning the full scope of Hume's philosophy. Topics explored include Hume's reception in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; Hume's legacy in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries; Trade Review"This volume is a singular achievement in its unique combination of depth and breadth. The range is dazzling and is not sacrificed for quality — the volume is exemplary for its mix of established and excellent younger scholars as well as drawing on contributors from a wide range of subjects. Although there are many collections on Hume this one really is a must." Aaron Garrett, Boston University, USA "This volume is a singular achievement in its unique combination of depth and breadth. The range is dazzling and is not sacrificed for quality — the volume is exemplary for its mix of established and excellent younger scholars as well as drawing on contributors from a wide range of subjects. Although there are many collections on Hume this one really is a must." Aaron Garrett, Boston University, USATable of ContentsList of Abbreviations and Conventions for Hume’s Work. List of Contributors. Acknowledgements. Publication timeline. Introduction (Angela Coventry and Alex Sager) Part I. INTELLECTUAL CONTEXT. 1. Hume and the Ancients (Lívia Guimarães). 2. Hume’s Philosophy and Its Modern British Debts (Stephen Buckle). 3. The French Context of Hume’s Philosophy (Todd Ryan). Part II. HUME’S THOUGHT. Mind, Knowledge and World. 4. Hume’s System of the Sciences (Don Garrett). 5. Ideas and Association in Hume’s Philosophy (Saul Traiger). 6. Hume on Space and Time: A Limited Defense (Jonathan Cottrell). 7. Hume on Induction and Probability (Frederick Schmitt). 8. Causality and Hume’s Project (Miren Boehm). 9. Hume and the External World (Stefanie Rocknak). 10. Hume’s Self (Yumiko Inukai). 11. Humean Naturalism and Skepticism (P. J. E Kail). 12. Miracles and the Humean Mind (Michael Levine). 13. Hume’s Psychology of Religion (Willem Lemmens). 14. Hume on Religious Language and the Attributes of God (Thomas Holden). Passion, Morals and Taste. 15. Passions and Sympathy in Hume’s Philosophy (Alessio Vaccari). 16. Hume on Motives and Action (Rachel Cohon). 17. Hume on Moral Responsibility and Free Will (Tamas Demeter). 18. Hume’s Moral Sentimentalism (James Baillie). 19. Justice and Convention in Hume’s Philosophy (Eleonore LaJalle). 20. Hume and the Two Tastes: Bodily and Mental (Christopher Williams). 21. Fluctuations: Manners and Religion in Hume’s Standard of Taste (Emilio Mazza). History, Politics and Economics. 22. Hume The Historian (Mark Spencer). 23. Hume’s History and Politics (Andrew Sabl). 24. Hume: The Science of Man and the Foundations of Politics (Christopher Berry). 25. Hume’s Political Economy (Carl Wennerlind). 26. Custom in Hume’s Politics and Economics (John C. Laursen). 27. Hume and the Philosophy of Law (Neil MacArthur). Part III. HUME’S RECEPTION. 18th-Early 20th Century. 28. Hume and the Scottish Intellectual Tradition (Gordon Graham). 29. Hume and German Philosophy (Anik Waldow). 30. Hume, the Philosophy of Science and the Scientific Tradition (Matias Slavov). 31. Hume and Continental Philosophy (Jeffrey Bell). Part IV. HUME’S LEGACY. 20th-21st Century. 32. Hume’s Meaning Empiricism: A Reassessment (Tom Seppalainen). 33. Cognitive Science and Hume’s Legacy (Mark Collier). 34. A Humean Social Ontology (Angela Coventry, Alex Sager and Tom Seppalainen). 35. Hume’s Moral Philosophy and Psychology (Lorraine L. Besser). 36. Hume and Animal Ethics (Deborah Boyle). 37. Hume on the Minds of Women (Katharina Paxman and Kristen Blair). 38. Hume’s Legacy Concerning Race (Andre C. Willis).

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An up-to-date, clear but rigorous introduction to the philosophy of science offering an indispensable grounding in the philosophical understanding of science and its problems. The book pays full heed to the neglected but vital conceptual issues such as the nature of scientific laws, while balancing and linking this with a full coverage of epistemological problems such as our knowledge of such laws.

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Book SynopsisStructural proof theory studies the general structure and properties of logical and mathematical proofs. This book is both a concise introduction to structural proof theory and a work of research that will be of interest to specialists. A special feature is a downloadable computer program for developing proofs interactively.Trade Review"....The book makes significant original contributions while remaining accessible to the logician/philosopher/mathematician who wants to learn elementary proof theory...." Aldo Antonelli, University of California, IrvineTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. From natural deduction to sequent calculus; 2. Sequent calculus for institutionistic logic; 3. Sequent calculus for classical logic; 4. The quantifiers; 5. Variants of sequent calculi; 6. Structural proof analysis of axiomatic theories; 7. Intermediate logical systems; 8. Back to natural deduction; Conclusion: diversity and unity in structural proof theory; Appendix A. Simple type theory and categorical grammar; Appendix B. Proof theory and constructive type theory; Appendix C. A proof editor for sequent calculus.

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Book SynopsisPhilosophers of science have given considerable attention to the logic of completed scientific systems. In this 1958 book, Professor Hanson turns to an equally important but comparatively neglected subject, the philosophical aspects of research and discovery. He shows that there is a logical pattern in finding theories as much as in using established theories to make deductions and predictions, and he sets out the features of this pattern with the help of striking examples in the history of science.Table of ContentsPreface; Introduction; 1. Observation; 2. Facts; 3. Causality; 4. Theories; 5. Classical particle physics; 6. Elementary particle physics; Appendices; Notes; Index.

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