Philosophy of mind Books

Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the social psychological aspects of gay men’s lives and provides a cutting-edge examination of topics including sexual orientation, sexual behavior, identity, relationships, prejudice, and health. The Social Psychology of Gay Men forces us to re-think existing theory and research, much of which has taken heterosexuality for granted. With identity process theory at its heart, this book advocates a social psychology of gay men which incorporates three levels of analysis – the psychological, interpersonal and societal. The book promises not only a deeper understanding of gay men’s lives but also pathways for enhancing wellbeing, intergroup relations and equality in this key population. This illuminating and thought-provoking text is an invaluable resource not only for psychologists, but for students, scholars and practitioners working in the area of gay men’s life. Trade Review Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive account of the phenomenon of identity in politics, featuring for the first time the question of individual emancipation. It addresses the burning questions of our times, viz. nationalism, populism, Islamic fundamentalism, multiculturalism, postsecularism and postcolonialism. The volume repudiates an easy reconciliation between identity and emancipation, such as it occurs in contemporary liberal and multicultural political theories. It shows that we cannot achieve emancipation without Kant’s help, whereas identity relentlessly draws us back to collective values and the community. The book urges for a new understanding of identity and a politics that instead of accommodating identities seeks to govern them. Identity is the buzzword in the humanities and social sciences, but also the most contentious and least conceptualized term. This book intends to bring theoretical clarity into the debate on how identity plays out in politics.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Identity and the Difficulty of Emancipation.- Part I: Liberalism in Search of Identity.- Chapter 2. Liberal Nationalism.- Chapter 3. Freedom and Identity.- Chapter 4. Psychology, Autonomy and Liberalism.- Chapter 5. Identity, Difference and Anti-Essentialism.- Chapter 6. Agency, Psychology and the Self: The Case of Religious Fundamentalism.- Part II: Identity and the Quest for Multiculturalism.- Chapter 7. Multiculturalism, Islam and Suicide Bombers.- Chapter 8. Foundations of Multiculturalism (1): Self-Knowledge.- Chapter 9. Foundations of Multiculturalism (2): Recognition.- Chapter 10. Islam and Democracy.- Part III: Identity Politics.- Chapter 11. Populism.- Chapter 12. Postsecularism.- Chapter 13. Postcolonialism.- Chapter 14. Communalism in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Reintegration of Child Soldiers.- Chapter 15. For the Time Being: Modus Vivendi Liberalism or Political Liberalism?.

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Book SynopsisThis book takes the reader on a philosophical quest to understand the dark side of emotions. The chapters are devoted to the analysis of negative emotions and are organized in a historical manner, spanning the period from ancient Greece to the present time. Each chapter addresses analytical questions about specific emotions generally considered to be unfavorable and classified as negative. The general aim of the volume is to describe the polymorphous and context-sensitive nature of negative emotions as well as changes in the ways people have interpreted these emotions across different epochs. The editors speak of ‘the dark side of the emotions’ because their goal is to capture the ambivalent – unstable and shadowy – aspects of emotions. A number of studies have taken the categorial distinction between positive and negative emotions for granted, suggesting that negative emotions are especially significant for our psychological experience because they signal difficult situations. For this reason, the editors stress the importance of raising analytical questions about the valence of particular emotions and focussing on the features that make these emotions ambivalent: how – despite their negativity – such emotions may turn out to be positive. This opens up a perspective in which each emotion can be understood as a complex interlacing of negative and positive properties. The collection presents a thoughtful dialogue between philosophy and contemporary scientific research. It offers the reader insight by illuminating the dark side of the emotions.Table of ContentsPaola Giacomoni, Sara Dellantonio, Nicolò Valentini - Introduction Anna Beltrametti (University of Pavia) - Philosophical fear and tragic fear Martina Di Stefano (University of Trento, PHD Student) - The pathos of ridicule in Plato’s Dialogues Fulvia De Luise (University of Trento) - Shame and self-consciousness in Plato’s Symposium: Reversing the meaning of a social emotion Silvia Gastaldi (University of Pavia) - Envy and competition in Aristotle’s Rhetoric Andrea Aldo Robiglio (University of Leuven)- Aquinas on the benefits of disgust for the sound use of reason Emanuele Coccia (École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris) - The normative code of emotions: Christian mythology and the construction of a normative psychology Paola Giacomoni (University of Trento)- An optimistic anger? Barbara Carnevali (École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris) - Glory, The race for prestige in the Hobbesian model Maddalena Mazzocut-Mis (University of Milano)- The pleasure of weeping: The novelty of research Caterina Maurer (University of Trento)– Blushing with shame: The feeling of the discordance between what I am and what I ought to be in Hegel’s Philosophy of Subjective Spirit Nicolò Valentini (University of Trento, PHD student)- The subtle interplay between disgust and morality: Miasma as a case study Alessandro Grecucci (University of Trento), – How shame guides our lives. Historical, Philosophical and Psychological perspectives Pastore, Luigi (University of Bari), Dellantonio, Sara (University of Trento) - The negative effects of the missing emotion awareness: The case of alexithymia

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the concepts of subjectivity and selfhood developed in the oeuvre of Jean-Paul Sartre. Although Sartre is a prominent philosopher, the reception of his work is shrouded in misguided ideas concerning his alleged subjectivism. This book accurately positions Sartre in debates concerning the two themes which form a guiding thread throughout his work and remain immensely relevant in the philosophical landscape of today. Gusman expertly tracks and uncovers the nuances of the evolving notions of subjectivity and selfhood, paying particular attention to his claim that the Self is a ‘thing among things’ and to his views on narrative identity.Using as a framework the critical reception from thinkers in Sartre’s own tradition, the book also draws from the recent popularity of his thought in analytic philosophy of mind. Illuminating and impactful, this book provides an invaluable resource to scholars looking for a contemporary and up-to-date critical study of Sartre’s work.Table of Contents1. Introduction2. Subjectivity without Self3. The Project of Freedom4. The Force of Things5. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThis sourcebook explores how the Middle Ages dealt with questions related to the mental life of creatures great and small. It makes accessible a wide range of key Latin texts from the fourth to the fourteenth century in fresh English translations. Specialists and non-specialists alike will find many surprising insights in this comprehensive collection of sources on the medieval philosophy of animal minds. The book’s structure follows the distinction between the different aspects of the mental. The author has organized the material in three main parts: cognition, emotions, and volition. Each part contains translations of texts by different medieval thinkers. The philosophers chosen include well-known figures like Augustine, Albert the Great, and Thomas Aquinas. The collection also profiles the work of less studied thinkers like John Blund, (Pseudo-)Peter of Spain, and Peter of Abano. In addition, among those featured are several translated here into English for the first time. Each text comes with a short introduction to the philosopher, the context, and the main arguments of the text plus a section with bibliographical information and recommendations for further reading. A general introduction to the entire volume presents the basic concepts and questions of the philosophy of animal minds and explains how the medieval discussion relates to the contemporary debate. This sourcebook is valuable for anyone interested in the history of philosophy, especially medieval philosophy of mind. It will also appeal to scholars and students from other fields, such as psychology, theology, and cultural studies.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Animal Minds In Medieval and Modern Philosophy.- Part I – Cognition.- Chapter 1. Perception, Knowledge, and Reason (Augustine, De quantitate animae 25-28).- Chapter 2. Souls and Discrimination (Adelard of Bath, Quaestiones naturales 13-14).- Chapter 3. Estimation and Concept Formation (John Blund, Tractatus de anima 19).- Chapter 4. (a). Memory, Learning, and Prudence (Albert the Great, Metaphysica I.1.6).- (b). Reasoning, Learning, and Language (Albert the Great, De animalibus XXI.1.2-4). Chapter 5. Universal Cognition (Pseudo-Peter of Spain, Commentum super libros De animalibus VIII).- Chapter 6. (a). Reasoning and Thinking (Roger Bacon, Perspectiva II.3.9).- (b). Goal-Directed Behaviour (Roger Bacon, Questiones super libros IV Physicorum II).- Chapter 7. Inner Senses (Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae I.78.4).- Chapter 8. Prudence (John Duns Scotus, Quaestiones super libros Metaphysicorum Aristotelis I.3).- Chapter 9. Judging and Erring (Gregory of Rimini, Lectura super I Sententiarum III.1 vs.Adam Wodeham, Lectura secunda in I Sententiarum, prol. 4.8).- Part II. Emotion.- Chapter 10. Friendship, Enmity, and Fear (Albert the Great, Quaestiones super De animalibus VIII.1-3).- Chapter 11. (a). Lust and Anger (Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae I.81.2-3).- (b). Enjoyment (Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae I-II.11.2).- (c). Hope (Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae I-II.40.3).- Chapter 12. Happiness and Fun (Peter of Abano, Expositio problematum Aristotelis 28.7).- Part III. Volition.- Chapter 13. Judging and Free Choice (Albert the Great, De homine I).- Chapter 14. Free Will (Bonaventure, Commentarius in secundum librum Sententiarum 25.1.1).- Chapter 15. Instinct and Deliberation (Roger Bacon, Communia naturalium I.2.4.1).- Chapter 16. (a). Free Choice (Thomas Aquinas, Quaestiones disputatae de veritate 24.2).- (b). Choosing and Acting (Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae I-II.13.1-2).

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Book SynopsisThis book examines what seems to be the basic challenge in neuroscience today: understanding how experience generated by the human brain is related to the physical world we live in. The 25 short chapters present the argument and evidence that brains address this problem on a wholly trial and error basis. The goal is to encourage neuroscientists, computer scientists, philosophers, and other interested readers to consider this concept of neural function and its implications, not least of which is the conclusion that brains don’t “compute.”Trade Review“I highly recommend this volume for behavioral, cognitive, and evolutionary neuroscientists.” (Paul Tibbetts, The Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol. 97 (2), June, 2022)Table of ContentsPreface PART I. TWO REALITIES Chapter 1. Solving Problems Chapter 2. Objective and Subjective Reality PART II. Computation Chapter 3. Algorithms Chapter 4. Coding for Computers PART III. ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS Chapter 5. Neural Networks Chapter 6. The Resurrection of Neural Networks Chapter 7. Reinforcement Learning Part IV. perception Chapter 8. What We Perceive Chapter 9. Lines and Intervals Chapter 10. Angles Chapter 11. Lightness and Darkness Chapter 12. Empirical Ranking Chapter 13. Color Chapter 14. Colorimetry Chapter 15. Motion Speed Chapter 16. Motion Direction Chapter 17. Size Chapter 18. Stereopsis PART V. Linking OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE Chapter 19. Stimuli and Behavior Chapter 20. Associations Chapter 21. Mechanisms Chapter 22. Reflexes PART VI. THEORIES Chapter 23. Feature Detection Chapter 24. Statistical Inference Chapter 25. Information Theory PART VII. SELF AWARENESS Chapter 26. Awareness Chapter 27. Summing Up

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Book SynopsisSeveral Python programming books feature tools designed for experimental psychologists. What sets this book apart is its focus on eye-tracking.Eye-tracking is a widely used research technique in psychology and neuroscience labs. Research grade eye-trackers are typically faster, more accurate, and of course, more expensive than the ones seen in consumer goods or usability labs. Not surprisingly, a successful eye-tracking study usually requires sophisticated computer programming. Easy syntax and flexibility make Python a perfect choice for this task, especially for psychology researchers with little or no computer programming experience.This book offers detailed coverage of the Pylink library, a Python interface for the gold standard EyeLink ® eye-trackers, with many step-by-step example scripts. This book is a useful reference for eye-tracking researchers, but you can also use it as a textbook for graduate-level programming courses.Table of ContentsPreface 5Chapter 1 A gentle introduction to Python 7Install Python 7Python modules 8Python shell 9Script editors 11Data types 12Numbers 12Strings 12List 14Tuple 15Sets 16Dictionary 16Booleans 17Operators 17Data type conversion 18Control flow 19if statement 19for statement 20while statement 21More on looping 22List comprehension 22Functions 23Output 25Output formatting 25Files 26Modules 28Choose a library to create your “video games” 29Where to go from here 29Chapter 2 Building experiments with PsychoPy 31Install PsychoPy 31PsychoPy Coder 321Open a window 34Screen units 34Monitor 36Window types 37Gamma 37Vertical blanking 38Call on flip 39Screen capture 39Visual stimuli 40Shapes 40GratingStim 42TextStim 43Font and font files 44Right-to-left text 44Wrap width 45Non-ASCII characters 45Aperture 45Mouse and keyboard 47Mouse 47Keyboard 48Register keyboard events with the event module 49Register keyboard events with the ioHub module 49Register keyboard events with PsychHID 50Trial control 51A real example: Simon effect 54Chapter 3 Building experiments with Pygame 59Install Pygame 60Display 61Events 63Draw 65Text 66Image and sound 68A real example: Posner cueing task 69Chapter 4 Getting to know Pylink 76A brief introduction to eye-tracking 76Install Pylink 78An overview of an eye-tracking experiment 78Connect to the tracker 80Open a camera setup / calibration screen 812Configure the tracker 81Open an EDF file 82Calibration 82Data recording 82Retrieve the EDF data file 83Disconnect from the tracker 83A real example: Free viewing 83Calibration graphics 86Idle mode 86EyeLink Host commands 86Preamble text in EDF 87Record status message 87Drift-check/drift-correction 87Logging messages 88Chapter 5 Preparing scripts for analysis and visualization in Data Viewer 90Trial segmentation 91Trial variables 93Interest Areas 95Background graphics 97Size of the screen 97Image 97Video 98Simple drawing 99Draw list file 101Target position 102Examples in PsychoPy 102The Stroop task 102Custom graphics for calibration 106The DISPLAY_COORDS message 107The TRIALID and TRIAL_RESULT messages 107Record status message 107Background graphics: the IMGLOAD message 107Trial variables messages 107Messages marking critical trial events 108Video playback 108Pursuit task 113Chapter 6 Retrieving gaze data over the link 119Samples and events 119Retrieving sample data 1213Commands for sample retrieval 121Example in PsychoPy: Gaze-contingent window 124Retrieving eye events 127Commands for event retrieval 127Example in PsychoPy: Fixation trigger 133Recording playback 136Chapter 7 Advanced Pylink Functions 141Drawing to the Host PC 141Option 1: Using the draw commands 141Option 2: Sending images to the Host 142Option 3: The bitmapBackdrop command 143Send TTL via the Host PC 145Broadcasting 148Calibration and custom CoreGraphics 151Chapter 8 Data analysis and visualization in Python 163EyeLink EDF data file 163Samples 163Events 164Other useful information in the EDF data file 165EDF2ASC Converter 166Extract data from the ASC files 169Parse the ASC file with the string function split() 169Parse ASC files with regular expressions 174Data visualization 176Gaze trace plots 177Heat maps 180Scan path 183Interest area-based visualization 183Chapter 9 Miscellaneous 185Predefined constants in Pylink 185Frequently used EyeLink Host commands 185References 187

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Book Synopsis1 Dreaming and Memory: Editors' Introduction (Daniel Gregory and Kourken Michaelian).- Part I Remembering Dreams: 2 Dreams, Remembering, and Remembering Dreams: An Intentionalist, Direct Realist, Acquaintance Account (Rebecca Copenhaver).- 3 Retroactive Consciousness of Dreams: What Do We Remember When We Wake Up? (Melanie Rosen).- 4 Dream Memories, Metacognition, and the Nature of Dream Experiences (André Sant'Anna).- 5 Studying Dream Experience Through Dream Reports: Points of Contact Between Dream Research and First-Person Methods in Consciousness Science (Ema Demšar and Jennifer Windt).- 6 Remembering Dreams: Parasitic Reference by Minimal Traces in Memories From Non-veridical Experiences (Markus Werning and Kristina Liefke).- 7 True, Authentic, Faithful: Accuracy in Memory for Dreams (Kourken Michaelian).- 8 Attitudinal Pluralism in Dream Experiences and Dream Memories (Christopher Jude McCarroll, I-Jan Wang, and Ying-Tung Lin).- Part II Remembering Within Dreams: 9 Dreams of Particulars: Dreams, Memory, and Distinguishing Objectual Knowledge (Steven James).- 10 Is It Possible to Have Episodic Memories During Non-Lucid Dreams? (Daniel Gregory).- Part III Remembering and Dreaming Compared: 11 Dreaming, Imagining, and Remembering (Sven Bernecker).- 12 Perspectives in Imagination, Memory, and Dreams (Matthew Soteriou).- 13 When Is Now? How Temporally Shifting Dreams Illuminate the Feeling of Pastness (Michael Barkasi).- 14 Maurice Halbwachs on Dreams and Memory (John Sutton).- 15 Folk Beliefs About Phenomenological Differences and Similarities Between Kinds of Mental States (Vilius Dranseika).- 16 Perception in Dreams: A Guide for Dream Engineers, a Reflection on the Role of Memory in Sensory States, and a New Counterexample to Hume's Account of the Imagination (Fiona Macpherson).

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Book Synopsis1. The Role of the Concept of Mental Representation.- 2. Internalist Single-Factor Conceptions of Representation.- 3. Block's internalist two-factor account.- 4. Externalist Conceptions of Representation.- 5. Truth-Conditional Semantics.- 6. Dretske's Account of Misrepresentation as Dysfunction.- 7. Millikan's Account of Misrepresentation.- 8. Teleosemantics and System-detectable Error: Bickhard's Interactivist Model.- 9. Coherence-Based Account of Representational Error.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1 The Perennial Problem.- Chapter 2 The Phenomenology of Time-Consciousness.- Chapter 3 The Necessity of Experiential Succession.- Chapter 4 The Classic Models of Time-Consciousness.- Chapter 5 On Dynamic Snapshots and Localized Mechanisms.- Chapter 6 ERA: The Extensional-Retentional Analysis.- Chapter 7 TIER: Temporality as Iterative Expectation Revision.- Chapter 8 Conclusion.

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Book Synopsis1 Introduction.- Section 1: Intentionality.- 2 Brentano’s “Intentional In-Existence of the Object” as the Defining Mark of Mental Phenomena (Mauro Antonelli).- 3 Apparent Relationality as the Mark of the Mental (Laura Gow).- 4 Is Intentionality a Natural Mark of the Mental? On Brentano’s Scientific Methodology (Gianfranco Soldati).- 5 Naturalizing Phenomenal Intentionality (Andrea Pace Giannotta).- Section 2: Experience.- 6 Cambridge Experientialism Revisited (Arnaud Dewalque).- 7 The Copula Theory of Experience Makes Experience the Mark of the Mental (Alberto Voltolini).- 8 A Theory of Phenomenal For-me-ness (Alfredo Tomasetta).- Section 3: Between Intentionality and Experience and the Other Brentanian Marks.- 9 In Defence of a Sui Generis Disjunctivistic Account of the Mark of the Mental (Alberto Barbieri and Elisabetta Sacchi).- 10 Consciousness, Content, and Mentality (Sam Coleman).- 11 Brentanian Marks of the Mental: From Intentionality to Unity (Mark Textor).- Section 4. Other Marks and Further Problems.- 12 Character Traits and the Mark of the Mental (Katalin Farkas).- 13 Love, Understanding and the Marks of the Mental & the Psychological (Kevin Mulligan).- 14 No Marks of the Mental without Marks of the Physical (Tuomas Pernu).

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Book SynopsisPreface.- Acknowledgements.- Introduction.- Part I: Classical Foundations and the Interactional Model of Pathos.- Chapter 1. Classical Rhetoric and Everyday Argumentation.- Chapter 2. The Place of Emotion in Argumentation Theory.- Chapter 3. Towards the Interactional Model of Pathos.- Part II: Language and Psychology of Pathos.- Chapter 4. The Language of Emotion.- Chapter 5. Psychological Models of Emotions.- Chapter 6. Empirical Applications.- Part III: Artificial Intelligence for Pathos.- Chapter 7. AI Approaches to Argumentation.- Chapter 8. Lexicons and Models for Pathos Mining.- Chapter 9. Large Language Models for Pathos Mining.- Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes and analyzes the levels of experience that long-distance running produces. It looks at the kinds of experiences caused by long-distance running, the dimensions contained in these experiences, and their effects on the subjective life-world and well-being of an individual. Taking a philosophical approach, the analysis presented in this book is founded on Maurice Merleau-Ponty´s phenomenology of the body and Martin Heidegger´s fundamental ontology.Running is a versatile form of physical exercise which does not reveal all of its dimensions at once. These dimensions escape the eye and are not revealed to the runner conceptually, but rather as sensations and emotions. Instead of concentrating on conceptual analysis, this book explores the emotions and experiences and examines the meaning that running has in runners´ lives. Using the participative method, in which the author is both the research subject and the researcher, the book contributes to the philosophy of physical exercise.Table of Contents​Introduction.- 1: Running as phenomenal and bodily inquiry of the self.- 2: The philosophical basis of running.- 2.1: The groundwork of Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy.- 2.2: Merleau-Ponty's philosophy of the body.- 2.3: Martin Heidegger's fundamental ontological philosophy.- 3: Long-distance running as the subject of study.- 4: Running as a way of life.- 5: Viewpoints to a long-distance runner.- 5.1: The “they”, authentic being and inauthentic being.- 5.2: The authenticity and inauthenticity of running.- 5.3: Running as “care”.- 5.4: The prerequisites of physical exercise.- 5.5: The uncovering and the covering of the world for a runner.- 5.6: The distant is far and near.- 5.7: Repetition.- 5.8: Running, false devotion, fanaticism and dependence.- 5.9: Ready-to-hand and present-at-hand as the dimensions of human relation with the world.- 5.10: The world as present.- 6: The world is running.- 6.1: Running experiences.- 6.2: The Buddhist marathon monks of Mount Hiei.- 7: Experiential cores.- 7.1: Disappearance of the contradiction between the subject and object.- 7.2: Calming down of the mind, quietness.- 7.3: Attunement.- 7.4: Presence.- 7.5: Power.- 7.6: Joy.- 7.7: Devotion, gratitude.- 7.8: True self, enlightenment, Absolute.- 8: Going beyond the reason and the wisdom of the body.- 8.1: Running as meditative thinking.- 8.2: The call of conscience.- 8.3: Active-passive process.- Conclusion.- Literature.

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Book SynopsisThis accessible and easy-to-follow book offers a new approach to consciousness. The author’s eclectic style combines new physics-based insights with those of analytical philosophy, phenomenology, cognitive science and neuroscience. He proposes a view in which the mechanistic framework of classical physics and neuroscience is complemented by a more holistic underlying framework in which conscious experience finds its place more naturally.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "This is an excellent addition to Springer’s (equally excellent) Frontiers Collection. … I can highly recommend it to philosophers (of mind), philosophers of various sciences, physicists, (especially those working in foundation of physics), and anyone interested in the contemporary debate on consciousness. It would also provide a good way to become acquainted with the more difficult of Bohn’s later ideas. The book assumes no prior knowledge of quantum mechanics." (Dean Rickles, Mathematical Reviews, Issue, 2007 g)Table of ContentsThe Architecture of Matter.- The Architecture of Consciousness.- Active Information.- Time Consciousness.- Movement, Causation, and Consciousness.

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Book SynopsisDas Praxishandbuch Aufstellungsarbeit verschafft einen Überblick über die Grundlagen und Entwicklung der Aufstellungsarbeit, über die verschiedenen Schulen und Methoden sowie über deren konkrete Anwendung in spezifischen Arbeitsfeldern: Theoretisch fundiert, kritisch reflektiert und dabei anwendungsbezogen. Das Buch richtet sich an Personen, die sich einen Überblick über Aufstellungsarbeit verschaffen wollen, aber auch an AnwenderInnen, die sich vertieftes Wissen zum Thema Aufstellungen in den verschiedenen Kontexten wie Beratung, Psychotherapie, Coaching und Supervision aneignen möchten. Table of ContentsGrundlagen der Aufstellungsarbeit.- Entwicklung der Aufstellungsarbeit (z.B. durch Moreno, Satir, Hellinger).- Methoden und Schulen der Aufstellungsarbeit.- Aufstellungsarbeit in den verschiedenen Formaten (Psychotherapie, Beratung, Coaching, Supervision).- Spezifische Anwendungsfelder der Aufstellungsarbeit.- Praxisbeispiele und Herangehensweisen.

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