Philosophy of mind Books

Book SynopsisThis book brings together perspectives on predictive processing and expected experience. It features contributions from an interdisciplinary group of authors specializing in philosophy, psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience.Predictive processing, or predictive coding, is the theory that the brain constantly minimizes the error of its predictions based on the sensory input it receives from the world. This process of prediction error minimization has numerous implications for different forms of conscious and perceptual experience. The chapters in this volume explore these implications and various phenomena related to them. The contributors tackle issues related to precision estimation, sensory prediction, probabilistic perception, and attention, as well as the role predictive processing plays in emotion, action, psychotic experience, anosognosia, and gut complex.Expected Experiences will be of interest to scholars and advanced students in philosophy, psychology, and cognitive science working on issues related to predictive processing and coding.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Mind and World, Predictive Style Tony Cheng, Ryoji Sato, and Jakob Hohwy Part 1: Varieties of Experiences 1. Deep Neurophenomenology: An Active Inference Account of Some Features of Conscious Experience and of Their Disturbance in Major Depressive Disorder Maxwell J. D. Ramstead, Wanja Wiese, Mark Miller, and Karl J. Friston 2. Expectancies and the Generation of Perceptual Experience: Predictive Processing and Phenomenological Control Peter Lush, Zoltan Dienes, and Anil Seth 3. The Synergistic Relationship between Perception and Action Clare Press, Emily Thomas, and Daniel Yon 4. Perceptual Uncertainty, Clarity, and Attention Jonna Vance 5. Predictive Processing and Object Recognition Berit Brogaard and Thomas Alrik Sørensen 6. Predicting First Person and Counterfactual Experiences of Selfhood: Insights from Anosognosia Aikaterini Fotopoulou and Sahba Besharati 7. Predictive Processing in the Second Brain: From Gut Complex to Meta-Awareness Tony Cheng, Lynn Chiu, Linus Huang, Ying-Tung Lin, Hsing-Hao Lee, Yi-Chuan Chen, and Su-Ling Yeh Part 2: Related Theoretical Issues Concerning Bayesian Probability 8. Neural Implementation of (Approximate) Bayesian Inference Michael Rescorla 9. Realism and Instrumentalism in Bayesian Cognitive Science Danielle Jeanenne Williams and Zoe Drayson 10. Bayesian Psychiatry and the Social Focus of Delusions Daniel Williams and Marcella Montagnese 11. Higher-Order Bayesian Statistical Decision Theory of Consciousness, Probabilistic Justification, and Predictive Processing Tony Cheng

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Book SynopsisOne of the main aims of modern mental health care is to understand a person''s explicit and implicit ways of thinking and acting. So, it may seem like the ultimate paradox that mental health care services are currently overflowing with brain concepts belonging to the external, visible brain-world and that neuroscientists are poised to become new experts on human conduct. An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Human Mind shows that to create care that is truly innovative, mental health care workers must not only ask questions about how their conceptions of human beings and psychological phenomena came into being, but should also see themselves as co-creators of the mystery they seek to solve.Looking at the human being as a being with a biological body and unique subjective experiences, living in a reciprocal relationship with its sociocultural and historical environment, the book will provide examples and theories that show the necessity of an iTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsSeries editor's prefaceForeword1. Introduction 2. Mind and epistemology 3. A critical and interdisciplinary approach to the human mind4. Freedom and governance in socioeconomic status5. Body-mind-thinking 6. The human mind in concept and experience 7. Subjective minds and general laws 8. Humans, science, and experiences in change

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Book SynopsisFor Aristotle, excellence is not an act but a habit, and Hume regards habit as âthe great guide of lifeâ. However, for Proust habit is problematic: âif habit is a second nature, it prevents us from knowing our first.âWhat is habit? Do habits turn us into machines or free us to do more creative things? Should religious faith be habitual? Does habit help or hinder the practice of philosophy? Why do Luther, Spinoza, Kant, Kierkegaard and Bergson all criticise habit? If habit is both a blessing and a curse, how can we live well in our habits?In this thought-provoking book Clare Carlisle examines habit from a philosophical standpoint. Beginning with a lucid appraisal of habitâs philosophical history she suggests that both receptivity and resistance to change are basic principles of habit-formation. Carlisle shows how the philosophy of habit not only anticipates the discoveries of recent neuroscience but illuminates their ethical significance. She asks whether habit is a relTrade Review"Clare Carlisle's On Habit is a rich and stimulating book on a topic that, despite having long been a key feature of western thinking, has drifted from the forefront of philosophical debate. This text serves as a timely reminder of the remarkably broad range of philosophical issues that reflection on habit covers. … Carlisle does an impressive job of presenting a wide range of broad philosophical issues, including very difficult epistemological and ontological problems, in a way that will be stimulating for both specialists and non-specialists alike." - Jeremy William Dunham, British Journal for the History of PhilosophyA CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title, 2014"Carlisle offers a smart, well-written introduction to habit and the role it plays in people's lives. She provides a broad, far-reaching analysis of the role that habit has played in major philosophical works, ranging from ancient Greece to the present; this analysis is both rigorous and accessible to nonacademic readers. … Carlisle's treatment of the relationship of habit to the topics of freedom of the will and morality is impressive. … She is careful to address concerns about the prima facie incompatibility of free will and habit throughout the book but never gets bogged down in the complicated, highly divisive nature of the free will problem. Summing Up: Highly recommended." - William Simkulet, CHOICE"Remarkably rich in reference, erudite but never ponderous, this finely crafted study brings out the philosophical importance of a hitherto often neglected topic. Elegantly and accessibly written, it has much to offer specialists and general readers alike." - John Cottingham, Heythrop College London and University of Reading, UK"Immensely readable, and offering a myriad of helpful analogies and applications, On Habit is a guide to reflection on some of the defining puzzles of being human, bringing us face to face with fundamental issues relating to identity, morality, and religion. This is not the kind of popular philosophy that does our thinking for us and provides us with ready-made answers, but an invitation to serious thinking about who we really are." - George Pattison, University of Glasgow, UKTable of Contents1. The Concept of Habit 2. Habit and Knowledge 3. Habit and the Good Life 4. Habit, Faith and Grace Conclusion: Habit and Philosophy. Index

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Book SynopsisMindfulness-based approaches to medicine, psychology, neuroscience, healthcare, education, business leadership, and other major societal institutions have become increasingly common. New paradigms are emerging from a confluence of two powerful and potentially synergistic epistemologies: one arising from the wisdom traditions of Asia and the other arising from post-enlightenment empirical science. This book presents the work of internationally renowned experts in the fields of Buddhist scholarship and scientific research, as well as looking at the implementation of mindfulness in healthcare and education settings. Contributors consider the use of mindfulness throughout history and look at the actual meaning of mindfulness whilst identifying the most salient areas for potential synergy and for potential disjunction.Mindfulness: Diverse Perspectives on its Meanings, Origins and Applications provides a place where wisdom teachings, philosophy, history,Table of ContentsEditors' Foreword 1. Mindfulness: diverse perspectives on its meaning, origins, and multiple applications at the intersection of science and dharma 2. What does mindfulness really mean? A canonical perspective 3. Is mindfulness present-centred and non-judgmental? A discussion of the cognitive dimensions of mindfulness 4. The construction of mindfulness 5. Toward an understanding of non-dual mindfulness 6. How does mindfulness transform suffering? I: the nature and origins of Dukkha 7. How does mindfulness transform suffering? II: the transformation of Dukkha 8. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: culture clash or creative fusion? 9. Compassion in the landscape of suffering 10. Meditation and mindfulness 11. The Buddhist roots of mindfulness training: a practitioners view 12. Mindfulness and loving-kindness 13. Mindfulness in higher education 14. ‘Enjoy your death’: leadership lessons forged in the crucible of organizational death and rebirth infused with mindfulness and mastery 15. Mindfulness, by any other name. . . : trials and tribulations of Sati in western psychology and science 16. Measuring mindfulness 17. On some definitions of mindfulness 18. Some reflections on the origins of MBSR, skillful means, and the trouble with maps

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Book SynopsisThis important book provides an engaging, critical overview of the social, political and cultures filters through mental illness has been understood through the ages. Trade Review'This book is an exceptional pedagogical tool for teaching about madness both historically and critically. It provides a unique in-depth overview of the history and key issues of understanding mental health. This book is both contextual and critical – a much-needed teaching resource.' – Katherine Hubbard, University of Surrey, UKTable of ContentsAknowledgemetsPrefacePart I: The history1. Prehistoric perspectives: Excising Demons2. Religious perspectives: Madness in sacred texts3. Ancient Greek perspectives: Madness in the blood4. Medieval perspectives: Madness and witchcraft5. The age of asylums: The mass containment of the mad6. The medicalisation of madness: The rise of psychiatry7. The classification of madness: A history of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersPart II: The concepts8. Biological perspectives and treatments 9. Psychoanalytical perspectives and treatments10. Behavioural perspectives and treatments11. Cognitive perspectives and treatmentsPart III: The controversies12. Defining madness13. A critique analysis of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders14. Race and mental health services15. Class in counselling and psychotherapy16. The pharmaceutical industryIndex

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Book SynopsisG. E. M. Anscombeâs Intention is a classic of twentieth-century philosophy. The work has been enormously influential despite being a dense and largely misunderstood text. It is a standard reference point for anyone engaging with philosophy of action and philosophy of psychology.In this Routledge Philosophy GuideBook, Rachael Wiseman: situates Intention in relation to Anscombeâs moral philosophy and philosophy of mind considers the influence of Aquinas, Aristotle, Frege, and Wittgenstein on the method and content of Intention adopts a structure for assessing the text that shows how Anscombe unifies the three aspects of the concept of intention considers the influence and implications of the piece whilst distinguishing it from subsequent work in the philosophy of action Ideal for anyone wanting to understand and gain a perspective on Elizabeth Anscombeâs seminal work, this guide is an essenTrade Review‘This book is clearly, beautifully, and thoroughly organized. The content is exciting and offers a thoughtful and compelling reading of Anscombe’s Intention.’Candace Vogler, University of Chicago, USA‘This superb Guidebook is an essential companion for anyone trying to understand Anscombe’s brilliant but somewhat elusive book. It enables the reader to see the unity in what can seem a rather disparate work, in ways that students and professional philosophers alike will find eye opening.' Adrian Haddock, University of Stirling, UKTable of Contents1. Background: Intention in context2. Three aspects of the concept of intention3. (1) Expressions of intention4. (2) Intentional action5. (3) Intention with which6. The unification of the concept of intention7. The influence of Intention in the philosophy of action8. The implications of Intention: moral philosophy, philosophy of psychology & the self

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Book SynopsisThe phenomenon of action in which the mind moves the body has puzzled philosophers over the centuries. In this new edition of a classic work of analytical philosophy, Brian O'Shaughnessy investigates bodily action and attempts to resolve some of the main problems.Trade Review'Brian O'Shaughnessy is one of the best philosophers in England … He has worked by himself largely outside of contemporary philosophical society, and these wild and wonderful volumes reveal with what intensity and on what a scale he has worked … A good philosopher must find his obsession, and it will drive him for the rest of his life … O'Shaughnessy's obsession has been with the most intimate of those relations in which the self stands to the physical or 'external' world; its relation to that part of the physical world which it can move directly and of which it has immediate awareness - the body … The result is a theory of mind and body much richer than anything Wittgenstein would have allowed himself. With its strong personality and wonderful flights of language … the book is accessible to anyone with a taste for sustained philosophical argument and plenty of time.' Thomas Nagel, The Times Literary SupplementTable of ContentsPart III. Dual Aspect Theory: Introduction; 9. Observation and the will; 10. The scope to the intention; 11. Voluntariness and volition; 12. The proof of a duel aspect theory of physical action; 13. The definition of action; 14. Defining the psychological and the mental; 15. The ontological status of physical action; 16. Dual aspect theory and the epistemology of physical action; Part IV. From Mind to Body: Introduction; 17. The antecedents of action (1): from desires to intention; 18. The antecedents of action (2): from intending to trying; 19. The antecedents of action (3): from will to action; 20. The 'mental pineal gland'.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisThis unique text for undergraduate courses teaches students to apply critical thinking skills across all academic disciplines by examining popularpseudoscientific claims through a multidisciplinary lens. Rather than merely focusing on critical thinking, the text incorporates the perspectives ofpsychology, biology, physics, medicine, and other disciplines to reinforce different categories of rational explanation. Accessible and engaging, itdescribes what critical thinking is, why it is important, and how to learn and apply skills that promote it. The text also examines why critical thinkingcan be difficult to engage in and explores the psychological and social reasons why people are drawn to and find credence in extraordinary claims. From alien abductions and psychic phenomena to strange creatures and unsupported alternative medical treatments, the text uses examples from a wide rangeof pseudoscientific fields and brings evidence from diverse disciplines to critically examine

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Book SynopsisCavell's Must We Mean What We Say? revolutionized philosophy of ordinary language, aesthetics, ethics, Wittgenstein, Austin, literature, and modernism. These accessible and penetrating essays by distinguished scholars explain how to enter into the sound, the content, and the lasting significance of this distinctively American philosophical voice.

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Book SynopsisChristian philosophers value drawing others to Christian faith. While the integrity of Christian philosophy is defended, questions are raised about its relationship to the overall practice of philosophy. This Element reflects on when it may be philosophically acceptable to appeal to mystery.Table of Contents1. Is 'Christian philosophy' a problem?; 2. Is God's transcendence a problem for Christian philosophy?; 3. Is there a problem with a God's eye point of view?; 4. Is the God of Christian philosophy too exclusive?; 5. God: good and bad problems; References.

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Book SynopsisComprising three philosophical perspectives on the challenges for theorizing expertise by experience in philosophical mental health research, this volume considers how people with lived experience of mental illness contribute to scientific knowledge and personal growth.Table of ContentsIntroduction: What is the Role of Lived Experience in Research? Anna Bergqvist, Alana Wilde, and David Crepaz-Keay; Part One: Voicing Lived Experience as Scientific Knowledge; 1. Art and the Lived Experience of Pain Panayiota Vassilopoulou; 2. A Wide-Enough Range of 'Test Environments' for Psychiatric Disabilities Sofia Jeppsson; 3. Self-Diagnosis in Psychiatry and the Distribution of Social Resources Sam Fellowes; 4. In Defence of the Concept of Mental Illness Zsuzsanna Chappell; Part Two: Co-Producing Meaning; 5. 'The Hermeneutic Problem of Psychiatry' and the Co-production of Meaning in Psychiatric Healthcare Lucienne Spencer and Ian James Kidd; 6. Co-Production and Structural Oppression in Public Mental Health Alana Wilde; 7. Co-Production is Good but Other Things are Good Too Edward Hardcourt and David Crepaz-Keay; Part Three: Navigating Values and Difference; 8. Shared Decision-Making and Relational Moral Agency: On Seeing the Person Behind the 'Expert by Experience' in Mental Health Research Anna Bergqvist; 9. Mad Activism and Reconciliation Mohammed Abouelleil Rashed; 10. Values-Based Practice: A Theory-Practice Dynamic for Navigating Values and Difference in Health Care K. W. M. Fulford and Ashok Handa.

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Book SynopsisThis book develops a new approach to naturalizing phenomenology. The author proposes to integrate phenomenology with the mechanistic framework that offers new methodological perspectives for studying complex mental phenomena such as consciousness.While mechanistic explanatory models are widely applied in cognitive science, their approach to describing subjective phenomena is limited. The author argues that phenomenology can fill this gap. He proposes two novel ways of integrating phenomenology and mechanism. First, he presents a new reading of phenomenological analyses as functional analyses. Such functional phenomenology delivers a functional sketch of a target system and provides constraints on the space of possible mechanisms. Second, he develops the neurophenomenological approach in the direction of dynamic modeling of experience. He shows that neurophenomenology can deliver dynamical constraints on mechanistic models and thus inform the search for an Trade Review"Mechanisms and Consciousness expresses a new voice in the naturalizing phenomenology debate. Marek Pokropski proposes to rethink the issues involved in naturalization in the context of recent discussions about explanatory integration in the cognitive sciences. He provides a lucid overview of the relevant explanatory models, and he articulates a fresh and thought-provoking look at Husserlian phenomenology, bridging it with the seemingly opposite, neomechanistic approach. I recommend this book for those who are intrigued about how to integrate the first-person study of consciousness with cognitive neuroscience."Shaun Gallagher, Lillian and Morrie Moss Professor of Philosophy, University of Memphis, USA"Marek Pokropski's book is an excellent contribution to the discussion on mechanistic explanation. By bringing naturalized phenomenology under the mechanistic umbrella, Pokropski offers a highly compelling view on how naturalized phenomenology may proceed further in the study of consciousness. For all serious students of consciousness and phenomenology, this book is a must-read."Marcin Miłkowski□, Polish Academy of Sciences"As Pokropski rightly notes, work on naturalizing phenomenology is often couched in terms of 20th Century conceptions of scientific explanation and integration, ignoring the growing popularity of mechanistic accounts in recent years. Pokropski’s book should change that for the better. Anyone seeking to integrate phenomenology with cognitive science will benefit from reading it."Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews"Marek Pokropski’s book is a valuable and honest voice in the still heated discussion on the relationship of phenomenology and cognitive sciences. What distinguishes the presented position is, above all, the original, mechanistic-based, integrative perspective, which assumes, first of all, the cooperation of researchers working in various paradigms."Michał Piekarski, Philosophical Psychology"Pokropski shows a strong familiarity with an impressive range of topics across different traditions and disciplines. Readers unfamiliar with work at the intersection of phenomenology and cognitive neuroscience, or with work on mechanistic explanation in the mind sciences, would benefit from a great deal of the text. Overall, Pokropski’s work makes a contribution to the ongoing dialogue between phenomenological philosophy and the empirical sciences of the mind. Readers sympathetic with the (neo)mechanistic approach to cognition will find a number of places in which that approach is brought into fruitful engagement with topics from Husserl’s work."Michael Madary, Husserl Studies"This is an excellent work which makes an innovative and fruitful contribution to the literature. What is novel about the book is its detailed consideration of a topic that has garnered much attention in cognitive science and analytic philosophy over the last 70 years, but which remains (comparatively) understudied in the phenomenological movement: explanation."Heath Williams, Phenomenology and the Cognitive SciencesTable of ContentsIntroductionPart I. Integrating Phenomenology with Cognitive Science1. The Concept of Phenomenology 2. Naturalizing Phenomenology Reconsidered3. Models of Explanation in Cognitive SciencePart II. Phenomenology and Mechanism: In Search of Constraints 4. Phenomenology and Functionalism 5. Phenomenology and Dynamical Modeling6. Conclusion: Towards Methodologically Guided Mutual Constraints

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Book SynopsisD. M. Armstrong''s A Materialist Theory of the Mind is widely known as one of the most important defences of the view that mental states are nothing but physical states of the brain. A landmark of twentieth-century philosophy of mind, it launched the physicalist revolution in approaches to the mind and has been engaged with, debated and puzzled over ever since its first publication over fifty years ago. Ranging over a remarkable number of topics, from behaviourism, the will and knowledge to perception, bodily sensation and introspection, Armstrong argues that mental states play a causally intermediate role between stimuli, other mental states and behavioural responses. He uses several illuminating examples to illustrate this, such as the classic case of pain. This Routledge Classics edition includes a new Foreword by Peter Anstey, placing Armstrong''s book in helpful philosophical and historical context.Trade Review'A groundbreaking book when first published, A Materialist Theory of the Mind remains today one of the most important, influential, and penetrating discussions of the mind available. In addition to advancing a powerful defense of mind-body materialism, it contains rich and illuminating treatments of all the main aspects of mental functioning, from perceiving and mental imagery to thinking, willing, and introspection. At once sophisticated and highly accessible, this is a book anybody interested in the mind should have.' - David Rosenthal, City University New York, USATable of ContentsForeword to the Routledge Classics Edition Peter Anstey Acknowledgements Preface to the 1993 Edition Introduction Part 1: Theories of Mind 1. A Classification of Theories of Mind 2. Dualism 3. The Attribute Theory 4. A Difficulty for any Non-Materialist Theory of Mind 5. Behaviourism 6. The Central-State Theory Part 2: The Concept of Mind 7. The Will (1) 8. The Will (2) 9. Knowledge and Inference 10. Perception and Belief 11. Perception and Behaviour 12. The Secondary Qualities 13. Mental Images 14. Bodily Sensations 15. Introspection 16. Belief and Thought Part 3: The Nature of Mind 17. Identification of the Mental with the Physical Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisA Psychological Perspective on Folk Moral Objectivism is a thoroughly researched interdisciplinary exploration of the critical role metaethical beliefs play in the way morality functions.Whether people are moral objectivists or not is something that deserves much more empirical attention than it has thus far received, not only because it bears upon philosophical claims but also because it is a critical piece of the puzzle of human morality. This book aims to facilitate incorporating the study of metaethical beliefs into existing research programs by providing a roadmap through the theoretical and empirical landscape as it currently exists and evaluating the methodological approaches used thus far. In doing so, it summarizes the key findingsboth in terms of metaethical beliefs and their correlates, causes, and consequencesthat have emerged, and explores the value of this area of study for anyone interested in the development, function, causes, and/or consequences of mTable of ContentsPart I: Studying Metaethical Objectivism—Why, What, and How?1. Introduction 2. Setting the Stage Part II: Methodological Strategies and Challenges—A Review 3. Is it Moral? Measuring Domain Classification 4. Is it Truth-Apt? Measuring Cognitivism vs. Non-Cognitivism 5. Is it Objectively True? Measuring Objectivism Vs. Subjectivism 6. Is it Universally True? Measuring Universalism vs. Relativism Part III: Are the Folk Moral Objectivists? What We Know and Why it Matters 7. Variability in Metaethical Beliefs—Metaethical Pluralism? 8. Correlates, Causes, and Consequences 9. Broader Implications

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Book SynopsisThis edited collection provides a comprehensive and empirically informed discussion on affordances and their role in studying goal-directed behavior, covering philosophical, experimental psychological, neuroscientific, and applied perspectives.Showcasing the work of expert contributors from different backgrounds, the book inspires new directions for future research in affordances. Chapters address questions relating to the definition and perception of affordances, their advantages over stimuli, the relationship between affordances and behavior, and how systems engage with affordances in different tasks and intentions. This question-based format provides a distinctive perspective that allows for a thorough exploration of the expansive field of affordance research.This book serves as a crucial resource for seasoned scientists, researchers, and undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of ecological psychology, sensation and perception, cognition, and the philosopTrade Review“The word 'affordance' is widely used, but many are not aware of its deep theoretical and philosophical roots. The unique editorial approach of Mangalam, Hajnal, and Kelty-Stephen aligns this volume’s diverse chapters along these roots. This strategy interconnects the entire volume in a manner both accessible to newcomers and stimulating to experts.”Rick Dale, Professor, University of California Los Angeles, USA“Embark on a mind-expanding expedition into the science of affordances with this illuminating book. Seamlessly merging philosophy, theory, and real-world applications, it navigates the fascinating terrain of how we perceive and interact with our surroundings. A thought-provoking read that reshapes our understanding of human-environment dynamics.”Benoît G. Bardy, Professor, Montpellier University, France"This wonderful book brings together many of the prominent scholars within ecological psychology to thoroughly discuss and reflect on what affordances afford organisms as well as researchers nowadays. A must-read for anyone who is interested in learning about why people, animals, brains, robots and/or other systems do what they do in the environment that they live in."Lisette de Jonge-Hoekstra, Assistant Professor, University of Groningen, The Netherlands“This edited book provides a broad ranging set of chapters (philosophy, perceptual psychology, neuroscience, applications) that takes stock of the contemporary theoretical and experimental work inspired by Gibson’s theory of affordances. Integration is harnessed by each paper addressing the same set of questions on affordances producing a unique resource on Gibson’s still evolving influence.”Karl M. Newell, Professor Emeritus, The Pennsylvania State University, USA“A diverse group of scholars describes an extraordinary palette of research and innovation spawned by an antireductionistic theory once considered radically heterodox. These extant perspectives reflect the exponential growth and transdisciplinary breadth of the theory’s scientific and technical influence. Such interpretations and applications are sure to inspire, challenge, and proliferate.”Gary Riccio, Ph.D., Nascent Science & Technology LLC, USATable of ContentsPART I: Ontology and Epistemology of Affordances 1. Why It Matters That Affordances Are Relations 2. The Sociomaterial Theory of Affordances 3. When It Comes to Affordances, What Do Animals Know and How Do They Know It? 4. Mental Action and the Scope of Affordance Perception 5. An Affordance-Based Approach to the Origins of Concepts 6. Toward an Ecological Theory of Time PART II: The Role of Exploratory Activity and Scale in Perception of Affordances 7. The Dynamics of Affordance Emergence and Perception 8. Description of the World That Agential Systems Fit Into 9. The Role of Exploratory Activity in Affordance Perception 10. Scaling Up: Lawfulness of Affordances Requires Independence From Any Single “Scale of Behavior” PART III: Affordances Through the Lens of Neuroscience 11. Affordance Switching in Self-Organizing Brain-Body-Environment Systems 12. What Is NExT for Affordances? Taking Brains Seriously in Organism-Environment Systems 13. Affordance and Tool Use: A Neurocognitive Approach 14. From Turing to Gibson: Implications of Affordances for the Sciences of Organisms PART IV: Applications of the Ecological Theory of Affordances 15. Understanding Skilled Adaptive Behavior: The Role of Action, Perception and Cognition in an Ecological Dynamics Perspective 16. Disability Through the Lens of Affordances: A Promising Pathway for Transforming Physical Therapy Practice 17. “I Got All I Need to Know About Affordances From Norman”: What Engineers, Designers, and Architects Need to Know About Affordances 18. Perception of Affordances in Interaction With Autonomous Systems 19. On Affordances and Their Entailment for Autonomous Robotic Systems

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Book SynopsisIn this collection of essays, experts in the field of consciousness research shed light on the intricate relationship between conscious and unconscious states of mind.Advancing the debate on consciousness research, this book puts centre stage the topic of commonalities and differences between conscious and unconscious contents of the mind. The collection of cutting-edge chapters offers a breadth of research perspectives, with some arguing that unconscious states have been unjustly overlooked and deserve recognition for their richness and wide scope. Others contend that significant differences between conscious and unconscious states persist, highlighting the importance of their distinct characteristics. Explorations into the nature of the transition from unconscious to conscious mind further complicate the picture, with some authors questioning whether a sharp divide between unconscious and conscious states truly exists.Delving into ontological, epistemological, and meTable of ContentsForeword 1. Introduction: Mapping the contrasts and parallels between conscious and unconscious mind Part I. Conceptual issues 2. Conscious and unconscious qualities: Conceptual relations between phenomenality, what-it’s-likeness, and consciousness 3. Blindsight is unconscious perception 4. Against unconscious volition 5. On the alleged misrepresentation problem. (Not a problem for HOT theories. Not a problem for anyone, really.) Part II. Methodological issues 6. Methodological considerations for the study of mental qualities 7. Can structuralist theories be general theories of consciousness? 8. The old and new criterion problems Part III. Unconscious qualities in perception and emotion 9. The Brain-based argument for unconscious sensory qualities 10. Troubles with the orthogonality thesis 11. Unconsciously smelling the self and others 12. A feeling theory of unconscious emotions Part IV. Attention, degrees of consciousness, and graduality 13. Degrees of attention and degrees of consciousness 14. Template tuning and graded consciousness 15. Colour bit-by-bit: The puzzle of colour development 16. (Un)conscious perspectival shape and attention guidance in visual search: A reply to Morales, Bax, and Firestone (2020)

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Book SynopsisReasoning in Psychopathology adopts a pragmatic conception of reasoning, demonstrating how people with mental disorders develop characteristic strategies of reasoning depending on the particular disorder they have and the emotions they experience.The book argues that these strategies are perfectly rational, as the individuals are using reasoning as a tool at the service of their goals. Through the analysis of the typical reasoning styles of very different psychopathologies, from anxiety disorders to obsessive-compulsive disorder, from schizophrenia to depression and paranoia, the book argues that mental disorders can affect common sense, or social cognition, while rationality is usually preserved. Supported by recent research, the authors claim that people with mental disorders follow the same rules as healthy people, and that in some cases, when the specific topic of their disorder is at stake, they can be even more logical than healthy people.It is a must-read

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Book SynopsisFrom David Humeâs famous puzzle about the missing shade of blue, to current research into the science of colour, the topic of colour is an incredibly fertile region of study and debate, cutting across philosophy of mind, epistemology, metaphysics, and aesthetics, as well as psychology. Debates about the nature of our experience of colour and the nature of colour itself are central to contemporary discussion and argument in philosophy of mind and psychology, and philosophy of perception.This outstanding Handbook contains 29 specially commissioned contributions by leading philosophers and examines the most important aspects of philosophy of colour. It is organized into six parts: The Importance of Colour to Philosophy The Science and Spaces of Colour Colour Phenomena Colour Ontology Colour Experience and Epistemology Language, Categories, and Thought. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Colour is essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of mind and psychology, epistemology, metaphysics, and aesthetics, as well as for those interested in conceptual issues in the psychology of colour.Table of ContentsIntroduction to the Philosophy of Colour Derek H. Brown and Fiona Macpherson Part I: The Importance of Colour to Philosophy 1. Colour, Colour Experience, and the Mind-Body Problem Brian P. McLaughlin 2. Colour, Scepticism, and Epistemology Duncan Pritchard and Christopher Ranalli 3. Philosophy of Science Mazviita Chirimuuta 4. Truth, Vagueness, and Semantics Diana Raffman 5. The Logic of Colour Concepts Frederik Gierlinger and Jonathan Westphal 6. Colour and the Arts: Chromatic Perspectives John Kulvicki 7. The Analogy Between Colour and Value Joshua Gert Part II: Interlude: The Science and Spaces of Colour 8. The Science of Colour and Colour Vision Alex Byrne and David R. Hilbert 9. Colour Spaces David Briggs Part III: Colour Phenomena 10. Unique Hues and Colour Experience Mohan Matthen 11. Novel Colour Experiences and their Implications Fiona Macpherson 12. Colour Synaesthesia and Its Philosophical Implications Berit Brogaard 13. Spectrum Inversion Peter W. Ross 14. Interspecies Variations Keith Allen 15. Colour Illusion Michael Watkins 16. Colour Constancy Derek H. Brown Part IV: Colour Ontology 17. Objectivist Reductionism Alex Byrne and David R. Hilbert 18. Primitivist Objectivism Joshua Gert 19. Colour Relationalism Jonathan Cohen 20. Monism and Pluralism Mark Eli Kalderon 21. Mentalist Approaches to Colour Howard Robinson 22. Eliminativism Wayne Wright Part V: Colour Experience and Epistemology 23. How Does Colour Experience Represent the World? Adam Pautz 24. Indirect Realism Barry Maund 25. Does That Which Makes the Sensation of Blue a Mental Fact Escape Us? John Campbell 26. Colour Experiences and ‘Look’ Sentences Wylie Breckenridge Part VI: Language, Categories, and Thought 27. Colour, Colour Language, and Culture Don Dedrick 28. Colour Categorization and Categorical Perception Robert Briscoe 29. Cognitive Penetration and the Perception of Colour Dustin Stokes. Index

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Book SynopsisThrough this book, philosopher and psychoanalyst Aner Govrin demonstrates how psychoanalysisâ engagement with philosophy was crucial in the evolution of new psychoanalytic theories in three areas: perception of truth, developmental theories, and study of psychoanalytic treatment.Beginning with a Freudian perspective, through ego psychology to the intersubjective and the relational approach, Govrin shows that philosophy seeps into psychoanalytic theory itself, becoming a constitutive factor. When we discuss psychoanalysis, we cannot do it without reference to philosophy, since virtually every sentence it has generated harks back to and is embedded in philosophy. Moving onto the Post-psychoanalytic Schools Era in the second part, this seminal volume provides a model for understanding the evolution of psychoanalytic thought in the postmodern era, where âœsensibilitiesâ like the relational approach and infant research replaced the orthodox psychoanalytic schools. Govrin also expl

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Book SynopsisIntroducing Existential Health unfolds this evolving concept and places it in the context of common understandings of health. It presents existential health as a vital dimension in understanding human well-being, complementing the traditional biopsychosocial model. It critiques reductionist and mechanistic views of health and showcases a new four-dimensional model in healthcare practice and design that integrates biological, psychological, social, and existential dimensions. Presented as a valid alternative to the biopsychosocial model, it provides modern system thinking and a holistic understanding centred around meaning and the first person perspective to give a voice to intersectional discourses and encourage equality in health.The book traces the historical evolution of health understandings, highlighting the gaps in addressing subjective and existential perspectives. It examines existential health through various lenses, including meaning-making, subjective experi

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Book SynopsisThis book critiques conventional parapsychological viewpoints about extrasensory perception (ESP) and psychokinesis (PK), collectively referred to as âpsiâ.Since the 1930s, an over-arching view on psi has been built on J. B. Rhineâs theories and research at Duke University. The author argues that there are fundamental problems with the psi paradigm, and offers solutions based largely on Jungâs Theory of Synchronicity, treating the subject matter in a rigorous scientific way. The synchronicity concept speaks to ambiguous psi terminology, the narrow methodological approaches in psi testing, and limited interpretations of psychic experience that do not consider the pivotal role of meaning. This book considers problems with terminology, findings, and the psi construct from a Jungian synchronistic standpoint, which gives credence to issues such as archetypes, meaningfulness, and numinosity.An important new contribution to the understanding of psi, this book will be of inter

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Book SynopsisIn The Mind of Complex Numbers and the Subject in Analyses, Raul Moncayo uses the complex plane to evaluate analytic outcomes. Moncayoâs approach provides a study of the process and outcome of singular analyses that does not rely on the methods and questionnaires of psychotherapy or medical research.With reference to topology and abstract mathematics, Moncayo explores the limits of the Cartesian plane for predicting the capacity for sublimation and positive outcome. By integrating the complex plane, Moncayo arrives at an exact number to âarithmetizeâ symptoms and human capacities.This book represents a new approach to Lacanian analysis and outcomes that will be of great interest to Lacanian analysts in practice and in training.

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Book SynopsisWittgenstein and Davidson are two of the most influential and controversial figures of twentieth-century philosophy. However, whereas Wittgenstein is often regarded as a deflationary philosopher, Davidson is considered to be a theory builder and systematic philosopher par excellence. Consequently, little work has been devoted to comparing their philosophies with each other. In this volume of new essays, leading scholars show that in fact there is much that the two share. By focusing on the similarities between Wittgenstein and Davidson, the essays present compelling defences of their views and develop more coherent and convincing approaches than either philosopher was able to propose on his own. They show how philosophically fruitful and constructive reflection on Wittgenstein and Davidson continues to be, and how relevant the writings of both philosophers are to current debates in philosophy of mind, language, and action.Table of ContentsIntroduction Claudine Verheggen; 1. Holism in action Robert H. Myers; 2. Davidson's Wittgenstenian view of meaning Paul Horwich; 3. Davidson and Wittgenstein – a Homeric struggle? Åsa Wikforss; 4. Rule-following and charity: Wittgenstein and Davidson on meaning determination Kathrin Glüer; 5. Davidson's treatment of Wittgenstein's rule-following paradox Claudine Verheggen; 6. Davidson and Wittgenstein on meaning and understanding Barry Stroud; 7. The search for 'the essence of human language' in Wittgenstein and Davidson Jason Bridges; 8. Wittgenstein and Davidson on animal minds Hans-Johann Glock; 9. Wittgenstein and Davidson on first-person authority and the univocality of mental terms William Child; 10. The harmony of thought and reality: Wittgenstein and Davidson versus McDowell Tim Thornton; 11. Davidson, Russell and Wittgenstein on the problem of predication José L. Zalabardo.

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Book SynopsisThinking about self-control takes us to the heart of practical decision-making, human agency, motivation, and rational choice. Psychologists, philosophers, and decision theorists have all brought valuable insights and perspectives on how to model self-control, on different mechanisms for achieving and strengthening self-control, and on how self-control fits into the overall cognitive and affective economy. Yet these different literatures have remained relatively insulated from each other.Self-Control, Decision Theory, and Rationalitybrings them into dialog by focusing on the theme of rationality. It contains eleven newly written essays by a distinguished group of philosophers, psychologists, and decision theorists, together with a substantial introduction, collectively offering state-of-the-art perspectives on the rationality of self-control and the different mechanisms for achieving it.Table of ContentsGeneral introduction José Luis Bermúdez; 1. Temptation and preference-based rationality Johanna Thoma; 2. Self-prediction and self-control Martin Peterson and Peter Vallentyne; 3. Rational plans Paul Weirich; 4. Self-control and hyperbolic discounting Arif Ahmed; 5. Preference reversals, delay discounting, rational choice, and the brain Leonard Green and Joel Myerson; 6. In what sense are addicts irrational? Howard Rachlin; 7. Why temptation? Chrisoula Andreou; 8. Frames, rationality, and self-control José Luis Bermúdez; 9. Exercising self-control: an apparent problem resolved Alfred R. Mele; 10. Putting willpower into decision theory: the person as a team over time Natalie Gold; 11. The many ways to achieve diachronic unity Kenny Easwaran and Reuben Stern.

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a uniquely accessible, comprehensive, and critical synthesis of theories of linguistic reference and meaning in the 20th century - from Frege and Kripke to the various forms of contemporary two-dimensional semantics - for advanced students as well as mature researchers in semantics, pragmatics, and philosophy of language.Table of ContentsIntroduction; 1. Descriptivism; 2. The Referentialist Revolution; 3. Three Puzzles Arising from the Rigidity Thesis; 4. Varieties of Descriptivist Responses; 5. Two-Dimensionalism; Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, Tom Cochrane develops a new control theory of the emotions and related affective states. Grounded in the basic principle of negative feedback control, his original account outlines a new fundamental kind of mental content called ''valent representation''. Upon this foundation, Cochrane constructs new models for emotions, pains and pleasures, moods, expressive behaviours, evaluative reasoning, personality traits and long-term character commitments. These various states are presented as increasingly sophisticated layers of regulative control, which together underpin the architecture of the mind as a whole. Clearly structured and containing numerous diagrams and examples to illustrate the discussion, this study draws on the latest research from fields including philosophy, psychology and neuroscience, and will appeal to readers interested in the philosophy and cognitive science of emotion.Trade Review'The book does an impressive job of solidifying diverse and broad range topics in philosophy of emotion into one manuscript.' Dan Mills, Philosophy Quarterly'Tom Cochrane's book forges into the philosophy of emotion on a new and powerful vehicle: the idea of valent representations. His project is ambitious. Cochrane uses valent representations to give models of affect, pleasure and pain, emotion, moods, expressive behavior, social intentionality, norms, collective effervescence, inner speech, sentiments, personality, and character. Philosophers interested in any of these topics will find it a rich book, full of nuance and insight.' Colin Klein, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews'Cochrane's wide-ranging book makes valuable contributions to a wide variety of topics … [His] intricate, sensitive discussions of particular emotional phenomena combined with his broad survey of the contemporary literature make it valuable for anyone with an interest in the affective mind.' EthicsTable of Contents1. Valent representation; 2. Affect; 3. Emotions; 4. Bodily feelings; 5. Expression; 6. Conscious thought; 7. Personality and character; 8. Control; Appendix: emotion dimensions; Glossary; Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisThis Element extensively surveys the contemporary debate on answering the question of what constitutes cognitive scientific progress. It provides a critical summary of the key literature on the issue over the past fifteen years. It proposes an anti-realist answer to questions whose standards are ultimately subjective.Table of Contents1. The contemporary debate on scientific progress: what constitutes cognitive progress?; 2. On second order cognitive goodness makers: the aim(s) of science; 3. Inventing cognitive progress: a subjectivist, quasi-error theoretic, view; References.

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Book SynopsisBayesian decision theory is a mathematical framework that models reasoning and decision-making under uncertain conditions. The Bayesian paradigm originated as a theory of how people should operate, not a theory of how they actually operate. Nevertheless, cognitive scientists increasingly use it to describe the actual workings of the human mind. Over the past few decades, cognitive science has produced impressive Bayesian models of mental activity. The models postulate that certain mental processes conform, or approximately conform, to Bayesian norms. Bayesian models offered within cognitive science have illuminated numerous mental phenomena, such as perception, motor control, and navigation. This Element provides a self-contained introduction to the foundations of Bayesian cognitive science. It then explores what we can learn about the mind from Bayesian models offered by cognitive scientists.

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Book SynopsisThis Element explores the nature of both imagination and creative thinking in an effort to understand the relation between them and also to understand their role in the vast array of activities in which they are typically implicated, from art, music, and literature to technology, medicine, and science. Focusing on the contemporary philosophical literature, it will take up several interrelated questions: What is imagination, and how does it fit into the cognitive architecture of the mind? What is creativity? Is imagination required for creativity? Is creativity required for imagination? Is a person simply born either imaginative or not (and likewise, either creative or not), or are imagination and creativity skills that can be cultivated? And finally, are imagination and creativity uniquely human capacities, or can they be had by nonbiological entities such as AI systems?Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. What is imagination?; 3. What is Creativity?; 4. How are imagination and creativity related?; 5. A Case Study: Imagination and Creativity in Machines; 6. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first introductory textbook of its kind devoted to philosophy of psychiatry, offering a thorough and accessible investigation of the conceptual and philosophical problems at the heart of psychiatric practice and research. While it applies some of the long-standing concerns of philosophy to the mental health professions, it also investigates philosophical problems and issues that have arisen more recently from careful examination of psychiatric phenomena. Divided into two parts, Philosophy of Psychiatric Practice and Research and Philosophy and Psychopathology, the book's 12 chapters cover topics like the ontological status of mental illness, philosophical issues in diagnosis, the role of culture in psychiatry and the relationship between mental illness and personal identity, as well as explore foundational problems in studying well-known psychopathologies like schizophrenia, depression and addiction. All chapters include initial overviews and Table of Contents1. Introduction: What is philosophy of psychiatry and why is it important? 2. What is mental illness? 3. Psychiatric diagnosis and the medical model 4. Mental illness, moral responsibility and the boundaries of the person 5. Religion, culture, pathology 6. Scientific explanation in psychiatry 7. Schizophrenia 8. Hearing Voices 9. Delusion 10. Depression 11. Addiction 12. The Future of Philosophy of Psychiatry

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Book SynopsisExploring the Philosophy of Death and Dying: Classical and Contemporary Perspectives is the first book to offer students the full breadth of philosophical issues that are raised by the end of life. Included are many of the essential voices that have contributed to the philosophy of death and dying throughout history and in contemporary research. The 38 chapters in its nine sections contain classic texts (by authors such as Epicurus, Hume, Nietzsche, and Schopenhauer) and new short argumentative essays, specially commissioned for this volume, by world-leading contemporary experts. Exploring the Philosophy of Death and Dying introduces students to both theoretical issues (whether we can survive death, whether death is truly bad for us, whether immortality would be desirable, etc.) and urgent practical issues (the ethics of suicide, the value of grief, the appropriate medical criteria for declaring death, etc.) raised by human mortality, enablingTrade Review"The scholarship, originality, variety, and pedagogical intelligence of Exploring the Philosophy of Death and Dying are outstanding to the point that a disclaimer seems in order: do not underestimate this book….. Cholbi and Timmerman have achieved the book’s compact package of breadth and depth without compromising on the completeness or clarity of the analyses and arguments. Put bluntly, it would be entirely inaccurate and unfortunate to mistake this anthology as an ad hoc "hot-topic" quick hook for undergraduates. Much to their credit, Cholbi and Timmerman have used their expertise as scholars and teachers to create an anthology that respects its subject and reader alike such that the real hook of Exploring the Philosophy of Death and Dying is not the topic but philosophy itself."Review in Teaching Philosophy by Susan Mills (MacEwan University)"The areas of death, immortality, meaning in life, and related issues are hot topics in contemporary philosophy. Once the domain only of European philosophers, especially the existentialists, in the last few decades Anglo-American analytic philosophers have jumped in. This book is an excellent introduction to the best work on these interrelated issues. The editors have done an outstanding job of selecting authors who know their stuff and write very accessibly. This book would be perfect for an undergraduate class, and it would also be invaluable to anyone interested in learning the lay of the philosophical land in this lively area of historical and contemporary interest. The book shows how philosophy engages with issues of deep human interest."John Martin Fischer, Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, University of California, Riverside"This splendid collection is distinctive in many ways. The essays address issues that really matter to us, such as whether it is bad to die, and if so, why, whether we might survive death, and whether the inevitability of death undermines meaning in our lives. Although most of the essays were written by contemporary philosophers for this collection, there are also judicious selections from classic writings in the history of philosophy, including works by ancient Greek and Roman philosophers and works from Eastern traditions as well. Those who are haunted in one way or another by the specter of death, as most of us are, will find much careful argument, as well as some genuine wisdom in these pages."Jeff McMahan, White’s Professor of Moral Philosophy, University of Oxford Table of ContentsPART I When Do We Die? 1 Defining Death: A Report on the Medical, Legal and Ethical Issues in the Determination of Death (Excerpt) 2 Defining Death in a Technological World: Why Brain Death Is Death 3 We Die When Entropy Overwhelms Homeostasis 4 What It Is to Die PART II Can We Survive Our Death? 5 The Tragic Sense of Life (Excerpts) 6 Can We Survive Our Deaths? 7 The Possibility of an Afterlife PART III Can Death Be Good or Bad for Us? If So, When Is It Good or Bad for Us? 8 Letter to Menoeceus 9 Two Arguments for Epicureanism 10 Why Death Is Not Bad for the One Who Dies 11 Death Is Bad for Us When We’re Dead 12 Making Death Not Quite as Bad for the One Who Dies PART IV Can Lucretius’ Asymmetry Problem Be Solved? 13 On the Nature of Things (Excerpts) 14 If You Want to Die Later, Then Why Don’t You Want to Have Been Born Earlier? 15 Coming Into and Going Out of Existence PART V Would Immortality Be Good for Us? 16 The Epic of Gilgamesh (Excerpts) 17 The Story of the Man Who Did Not Wish to Die 18 How to Live a Never-Ending Novela (Or, Why Immortality Needn’t Undermine Identity 19 Taking Stock of the Risks of Life without Death 20 Immortality, Boredom, and Standing for Something PART VI What Is the Best Attitude to Take Toward Our Mortality? 21 Death, Mortality, and Meaning 22 Fitting Attitudes Towards Deprivations 23 The Enchiridion (Excerpts) 24 Setting the Wheel of Dhamma in Motion (Excerpts) 25 Voluntary Death PART VII How Should We React to the Deaths of Others? 26 Letter to Lucilius 27 Why Grieve? 28 The Significance of Future Generations 29 Death and Survival Online PART VIII Is Suicide Rationally or Morally Defensible? 30 Whether One Is Allowed to Kill Oneself 31 Of Suicide (Excerpts) 32 Suicide is Sometimes Rational and Morally Defensible 33 Suicide and Its Discontents 34 An Irrational Suicide? PART IX How Does Death Affect the Meaningfulness of Our Lives? 35 World as Will and Representation (Excerpts) 36 Death in Mind: Life, Meaning, and Mortality 37 Meaning in Life in Spite of Death 38 Out of the Blue into the Black: Reflections on Death and Meaning

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Book SynopsisThis book offers an accessible and inclusive overview of the major debates in the philosophy of action. It covers the distinct approaches taken by Donald Davidson, G.E.M. Anscombe, and numerous others to answering questions like what are intentional actions? and how do reasons explain actions? Further topics include intention, practical knowledge, weakness and strength of will, self-governance, and collective agency. With introductions, conclusions, and annotated suggested reading lists for each of the ten chapters, it is an ideal introduction for advanced undergraduates as well as any philosopher seeking a primer on these issues.Trade Review"Sarah Paul succeeds in a seemingly impossible task: she provides a clear and concise view of a sprawling and complex area of philosophy, without sacrificing accuracy or depth. Her compelling, lucid style will make this field accessible to non-specialists, and her insightful and synoptic vision of the contemporary philosophical debates about action will make this book valuable to experts as well. This is the best introduction to the field, a must-read for anyone interested in philosophy of action."Sergio Tenenbaum, University of Toronto"In this book Sarah Paul achieves the near impossible: she provides a lucid survey of contemporary action theory that is assertive enough to serve as both guide and antagonist for readers while being fair to competing views in ways their critics rarely are. This is, by far, the best introduction to action theory I know."Kieran Setiya, MITTable of Contents1. Introduction: What Is the Philosophy of Action? 2. What Is the Problem of Action? 3. Action Explanation 4. The Ontology of Action 5. Intention 6. Practical Knowledge 7. Does Action Have a Constitutive Aim? 8. Identification and Self-Governance 9. Temptation, Weakness, and Strength of Will 10. Collective Agency 11. Concluding Thoughts

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Book SynopsisPhilosophy for Everyone begins by explaining what philosophy is before exploring the questions and issues at the foundation of this important subject.Key topics in this new edition and their areas of focus include: Moral philosophy â the nature of our moral judgments and reactions, whether they aim at some objective moral truth, or are mere personal or cultural preferences; and the possibility of moral responsibility given the sorts of things that cause behavior; Political philosophy â fundamental questions about the nature of states and their relationship to the citizens within those states Epistemology â what our knowledge of the world and ourselves consists in, and how we come to have it; and whether we should form beliefs by trusting what other people tell us; Philosophy of mind â what it means for something to have a mind, and how minds should be understood and explained; Philosophy of science â foundational conceptual issTrade ReviewPraise for the First Edition: 'Philosophy for Everyone is an accessible introduction to some of the most fundamental topics in philosophy with a contemporary twist. It exemplifies the virtues of treating philosophy as an activity that anyone can engage in.' - Michael P. Lynch, University of Connecticut, USA 'Readers wishing to gain some initial understanding of what philosophers do and how they do it will find nothing better than this clear and comprehensive introduction to the field.' - Ram Neta, University of North Carolina, USA Table of ContentsWhat is Philosophy? What is Knowledge? And Do We Have Any? Minds, Brains and Computers Morality: Objective, Relative or Emotive? Should You Believe What You Hear? Are Scientific Theories True? Time Travel and Philosophy Free Will Political Philosophy

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Book SynopsisMartin Heidegger is one of the most important as well as one of the most difficult thinkers of the last century. His masterpiece Being and Time has been described as the most profound turning point in German philosophy since Hegel. Raymond Tallis, who has been arguing with Heidegger for over thirty years, illuminates his fundamental ideas through an imaginary conversation, which is both relaxed and rigorous, witty and profound. The Conversation defines Heidegger''s relevance to the philosophical agenda of the present century by illuminating his great contribution to our thinking about what it is to be a human being while identifying the weaknesses in his thought.Trade Review'Lively, engaging and does something that few philosophy books do - it gives a real sense of how even seemingly abstruse metaphysical issues can be of the first moment of a person's life - It is the testament of a talented writer to the immense grip of Heidegger's thought can exert. Unique in its style, the book has a genuine significance which more orthodox discussions, though several of them are perfectly worthy, do not.' - David Cooper, University of DurhamTable of ContentsPreface By Way of Introduction PART I In My Study: Beyond the Subject and Object A Breath of Fresh Air Intermezzo Wayfaring Darkness in Todtnauberg PART II Leaving You and Not Quite Leaving You Sunlight on My Arm Notes References Appendix: Some Controversies in the Interpretation of Being and Time Index

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Book SynopsisDiscussing marginality from an analytic perspective and drawing on canonical theories by a diverse set of authors, such as Dilthey, Collingwood, Wittgenstein, Foucault, John McDowell, Susan Carey, Michael Tomasello, and Chris Frith, this book is an important contribution to ongoing debates on marginality among psychiatrists, psychologists, social scientists, and philosophers. Psychology often resorts to overambitious theorizing due to a perceived pressure to justify its scientific credentials. Taking the cases of preverbal children and mentally ill patients, George Tudorie illustrates that applying overarching and unifying explanations to marginal subjects is problematic, arguing instead that those at the margins should be given their proper explanatory autonomy. Tudorie examines recent cognitive theories on early development in children to reveal the difficulties of conceptualising the emergence of human abilities, while also demonstrating how cognitive accounts of psychosis, builTrade ReviewProbing the relationship between philosophy and psychology, Tudorie boldly confronts systemic injustices underlying long-held, paradigmatic approaches to explaining the human mind. The arguments presented equip readers to confront mysteries that conventional psychological concepts often subvert. Through investigating the “philosophy of psychology,” Tudorie examines the language—the conceptual fabric—of norms, deviations, and all that occurs in varying degrees from constructed ideals. Language is revealed as both the means and barricade to acquiring diverse epistemologies for explaining the human mind. Methodically and courageously, Tudorie confronts readers with difficult questions that counter cultural assumptions and create space for nuanced ways of conceiving psychological theory, research, and practice. * Laura Russell, Associate Professor of Communication, Denison University, USA *Writing in clear and accessible prose, George Tudorie delivers a rich philosophical history of psychology. Offering sharp insight into the development of a discipline as much as to questions about what it means to be human, Marginality in Philosophy and Psychology is essential reading for students of psychology, but also for scholars interested in the history of consciousness. * Bruce O’Neill, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Saint Louis University, USA *George Tudorie’s Marginality in Philosophy and Psychology: The Limits of Psychological Explanation is, at first glance, an extraordinarily judicious and subtle critique of the role of philosophical premises in recent psychological and cognitive-scientific research. Tudorie persuasively argues that philosophies presupposing the normal adult mind may not provide a stable conceptual basis for research in developmental psychology and psychopathology. His book also provides a readable and timely history of the sciences of mind. Finally, Tudorie makes an impassioned plea for the importance of methodological precautions and guardrails in the field of psychology and by extension the social sciences in general. Social science, in this case psychology, is perched between natural scientific and humanistic methodologies and remains the problem child (despite and because of the vast scale of its institutionalization). This fundamental insight does not lead Tudorie to an anti-psychological or anti-scientific position. He instead calls for heightened epistemic responsibility based on the clear-eyed recognition that the social sciences are here to stay, and that they are a source of truth-claims we can no longer do without. This essentially practical quality of social scientific knowledge makes it imperative to deal openly with inherited epistemological deficits, which translate into vast real-world human costs. * Kirk Wetters, Professor of Germanic Languages and Literatures, Yale University, USA *In this exciting new book, George Tudorie offers a devastating critique of certain philosophical commitments that remain central to mainstream psychology, with a particular emphasis on the explanatory relation between marginal and paradigmatic cases. Practitioners from across a number of psychological schools would greatly benefit from paying attention to its wealth of insights. Marginality in Philosophy and Psychology: The Limits of Psychological Explanation is a must-read for anybody interested in what psychological explanations can and cannot do. * Constantine Sandis, Professor of Philosophy, University of Hertfordshire, UK *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Against Cognitivism 2. Manifest Destiny in Psychology 3. Enter the Skeptics 4. Wittgenstein and the Limits of the Exotic 5. Imperial Borderlines; McDowell’s Reasons 6. Early Childhood as Margin 7. Psychosis as Margin Conclusion Bibliography Notes Index

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Book SynopsisOur ability to think, argue and reason is determined by our ability to question. Questions are a vital component of critical thinking, yet we underestimate the role they play. Using Questions to Think puts questioning back in the spotlight.Naming the parts of questions at the same time as we name parts of thought, this one-of-a-kind introduction allows us to see how questions relate to the definitions of propositions, premises, conclusions, and the validity of arguments. Why is this important? Making the role of questions visible in thinking reasoning and dialogue, allows us to:- Ask better questions- Improve our capability to understand an argument - Exercise vigilance in the act of questioning- Make explicit what you already know implicitly- Engage with ideas that contradict our own- See ideas in broader contextBreathing new life into our current approach to critical thinking, this practical, much-needed textbook moves us away from the traditional focus on formal argument and Trade ReviewDrawing on hermeneutic phenomenology, Dickman focuses inquiry on the necessity of genuine questioning for understanding and sense. Elegantly organized and including a helpful appendix for instructors, this insightful text offers a fresh approach and will be a welcome addition to courses in critical thinking, philosophy of language, and more. * Robert H. Scott, Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of North Georgia, USA *Drawing on phenomenology, hermeneutics, and the philosophy of language, this text explores both the technical and existential dimensions of reasoning. Through challenging yet inviting prose, Dickman offers a welcome and innovative approach to critical thinking that brings students along on an authentic philosophical journey into the nature of questioning. * Rebecca Scott, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Harper College, USA *Table of ContentsPreface Introduction: An Age of Answers Part I: Make Questions Explicit for Thinking 1. Thinking Only Happens in Complete Thoughts 2. What Do Questions Do to Complete Thoughts? 3. A Logic of Question-and-Answer Part II: Make Questions Explicit for Reasoning 4. Reasoning Only Happens in Explicit Arguments 5. What Do Questions Do to Arguments? 6. A Rationality of Questioning-and-Reasoning Part III: Make Questions Explicit in Dialogue 7. Dialogue Only Happens in Constructive Reconciliations 8. What Do Questions Do to Dialogues? 9. A Dialectic of Questionability-and-Responsibility Conclusion: The End(s) of Questions Appendix for Instructors Glossary Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisWe know, more intimately than anything else, what it's like to undergo a rich world of experiences: agonizing pains, dizzying pleasures, heady rage and existential doubts. But, despite the incredible advances of physical science, it seems that we're no closer to an explanation of how this inner world of experiences comes about. No matter how detailed our description of the physical brain, perhaps we'll always be left with this same question: how and why does the brain produce consciousness? This book is a short, accessible and engaging guide to the mystery of consciousness. Featuring remastered interviews and original essays from the world's leading thinkers, Philosophers on Consciousness sheds new light on the most promising theories in philosophy and science. Beyond understanding the mind, this is a journey into personal identity, the origin of meaning, the nature of morality and the fundamental structure of reality.Contributors include: Miri Albahari, Susan Blackmore, David CTrade ReviewThis book is for everyone who is in the least philosopho-curious. Amateurs like me, thrashing about in the shallows, usually have to read every sentence in a book on philosophy, however apparently simple, at least four times before understanding it (and then forgetting it all the moment we have turned the page). Not so with Philosophers on Consciousness. Here are some of the world's most notable and respected thinkers, each adding their thoughts on the field known as ‘philosophy of mind’, most especially on the famous ‘hard problem’ of consciousness, and all communicating with remarkable clarity and approachable ease. Jack Symes guides us charmingly and authoritatively through, introducing and summing up the contributions, filling the role of interlocutor and interviewer, distributing delightful inline ‘info-boxes’ offering explanations of concepts, characters and context as you read. He does so with a wit and freshness that enlivens without trivializing. It cannot be common to find Toblerones, Paul Rudd and Adam Sandler sharing pages with the most distinguished philosophers alive. This is a book that everyone interested in the human mind will fall on like… like a hungry student on a Toblerone. * Stephen Fry *Symes’ book is an eminently enjoyable introduction to some of the explanatory options on hand, with a great selection of additional resources for further exploration ... you won’t go wrong in reading it. * Marmite and Metaphysics, Naturalism.org *Table of ContentsContributors Illustration Acknowledgements Preface 1. Why Consciousness Matters, Gregory Miller 2. The Grand Illusion, Susan Blackmore 3. The Hard Problem, David Chalmers 4. A Change of Heart, Frank Jackson 5. The Given, Michelle Montague 6. A Biologist’s Perspective, Massimo Pigliucci 7. The Hornswoggle Problem, Patricia Churchland 8. Illusionism, Keith Frankish 9. Closing the Theatre, Daniel Dennett 10. The Denial, Galen Strawson 11. Galileo’s Error, Philip Goff 12. The World as Consciousness, Miri Albahari & Jack Symes Notes & Sources Index

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Book SynopsisMassimo Marraffa and Cristina Meini re-connect the psychology of identity with its philosophical roots in this study. They trace the contemporary problem of the self to John Locke and William James' foundational theories on personal identity. By integrating the philosophy of identity with empirical and neuropsychological research, Marraffa and Meini provide an original synthesis of multidisciplinary conceptions of the self. The Developmental Psychology of Personal Identity builds on Chomsky-inspired developmental psychology, Jean Piaget's constructivism, Lev Vygotskij's sociocultural perspective on development and John Bowlby's attachment theory. In this theoretical framework, the book draws on the data of the psychological sciences to reconstruct the trajectory of the self as a Lockean person' (i.e., as morally responsible agent). The authors link the birth of self-consciousness through the body and emotions to the construction of a narrative self. Their combination

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