Philosophy of mathematics Books

Book SynopsisCopyright 2017 by Princeton University Press.Trade Review"[This book] is beautiful in that just about every problem could be explained to anybody with almost no mathematics background at all, but the methods of solving them take you deeply into many complex areas of mathematics. The books gathers together problems which pop up through what one might consider 'silly' or 'frivolous' questions, but which lead to new ways of thinking and have applications in enormously wide-ranging areas of mathematics."---Jonathan Shock, Mathemafrica"The editors once again have brought together an extraordinary list of authors to produce nineteen engaging papers, split into five groups: puzzles and brainteasers, geometry and topology, graph theory, games of chance, and computational complexity. . . . It is often deeply challenging mathematically and, as a result, all the more fun. Each reader will find chapters that appeal to them." * MAA Reviews *"In the second volume of this engaging series, Beineke . . . and Rosenhouse . . . deliver another fantastic collection of essays dealing with popular mathematics. . . . Anyone who enjoys reading about recreational mathematics will find plenty to enjoy and discover in this second volume." * Choice *

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Mazur (Euclid in the Rainforest) gives readers the fascinating history behind the mathematical symbols we use, and completely take for granted, every day. Mathematical notation turns numbers into sentences--or, to the uninitiated, a mysterious and impenetrable code. Mazur says the story of math symbols begins some 3,700 years ago, in ancient Babylon, where merchants incised tallies of goods on cuneiform tablets, along with the first place holder--a blank space. Many early cultures used letters for both numbers and an alphabet, but convenient objects like rods, fingers, and abacus beads, also proved popular. Mazur shows how our 'modern' system began in India, picking up the numeral 'zero' on its way to Europe, where it came into common use in the 16th century, thanks to travelers and merchants as well as mathematicians like Fibonacci. Signs for addition, subtraction, roots, and equivalence followed, but only became standardized through the influence of scientists and mathematicians like Rene Descartes and Gottfried Leibniz. Mazur's lively and accessible writing makes what could otherwise be a dry, arcane history as entertaining as it is informative."--Publishers Weekly "[A] fascinating narrative... This is a nuanced, intelligently framed chronicle packed with nuggets--such as the fact that Hindus, not Arabs, introduced Arabic numerals. In a word: enlightening."--George Szpiro, Nature "Mazur begins by illustrating how the ancient Incas and Mayans managed to write specific, huge numbers. Then, for more than 200 pages, he traces the history of division signs, square roots, pi, exponents, graph axes and other symbols in the context of cognition, communication, and analysis."--Washington Post "Mazur delivers a solid exposition of an element of mathematics that is fundamental to its history."--Library Journal "Mazur treats only a subset of F. Cajori's monumental A History of Mathematical Notation (Dover, 1993 first edition 1922) and there is overlap with many other mathematical history books, but Mazur adds new findings and insights and it is so much more entertaining ... and these features make it an interesting addition to the existing literature for anybody with only a slight interest in mathematics or its history."--European Mathematical Society "Symbols like '+' and '=' are so ingrained that it's hard to conceive of math without them. But a new book, Enlightening Symbols: A Short History of Mathematical Notation and its Hidden Power, offers a surprising reminder: Until the early 16th century, math contained no symbols at all."--Kevin Hartnett, Boston Globe "Enlightening Symbols retraces the winding road that has led to the way we now teach, study, and conceive mathematics... Thanks to Mazur's playful approach to the subject, Enlightening Symbols offers an enjoyable read."--Gaia Donati, Science "If you enjoy reading about history, languages and science, then you'll enjoy this book... The best part is the writing is compelling enough that you don't have to be a mathematician to enjoy this informative book."--Guardian.com's GrrlScientist blog "[I]nformative, highly readable and scholarly."--Brian Rotman, Literary Review "[T]his insightful account of the historical development of a highly characteristic feature of the mathematical enterprise also represents a valuable contribution to our understanding of the nature of mathematics."--Eduard Glas, Mathematical Reviews Clippings "Joseph Mazur's beautiful book Enlightening Symbols tells the story of human civilization through the development of mathematical notation. Surprises abound... The book is visually exquisite, great care having been taken with illustrations and figures. Mazur's discussion of the emergence of particular symbols affords the reader an overview of the often difficult primary literature."--Donal O'Shea, Sarasota Herald-Tribune "At whatever depth one chooses to read it, Enlightening Symbols has something for everyone. It is entertaining and eclectic, and Mazur's personal and easy style helps connect us with those who led the long and winding search for the best ways to quantify and analyze our world. Their success has liberated us from 'the shackles of our physical impressions of space'--and of the particular and the concrete--'enabling imagination to wander far beyond the tangible world we live in, and into the marvels of generality.'"--Robyn Arianrhod, Notices of the Notices of the American Mathematical Society "Mazur introduces the reader to major characters, weaves in relevant aspects of wider culture and gives a feel for the breadth of mathematical history. It is a useful book for both student and interested layperson alike."--Mark McCartney, London Mathematical Society "[T]his is a good book. It is well written by an experienced author and is full of interesting facts about how the symbols used in mathematics have arisen. It would certainly interest anyone who studies the history of mathematics."--Phil Dyke, Leonardo "Mazur is a master story teller."--John Stillwell, Bulletin of the American Mathematical SocietyTable of ContentsIntroduction ix Definitions xxi Note on the Illustrations xxiii Part 1 Numerals 1 1. Curious Beginnings 3 2. Certain Ancient Number Systems 10 3. Silk and Royal Roads 26 4. The Indian Gift 35 5. Arrival in Europe 51 6. The Arab Gift 60 7. Liber Abbaci 64 8. Refuting Origins 73 Part 2 Algebra 81 9. Sans Symbols 85 10. Diophantus's Arithmetica 93 11. The Great Art 109 12. Symbol Infancy 116 13. The Timid Symbol 127 14. Hierarchies of Dignity 133 15. Vowels and Consonants 141 16. The Explosion 150 17. A Catalogue of Symbols 160 18. The Symbol Master 165 19. The Last of the Magicians 169 Part 3 The Power of Symbols 177 20. Rendezvous in the Mind 179 21. The Good Symbol 189 22. Invisible Gorillas 192 23. Mental Pictures 210 24. Conclusion 216 Appendix A Leibniz's Notation 221 Appendix B Newton's Fluxion of xn 223 Appendix C Experiment 224 Appendix D Visualizing Complex Numbers 228 Appendix E Quaternions 230 Acknowledgments 233 Notes 235 Index 269

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"In his jaunty book Finding Fibonacci, Keith Devlin sets out to tell the elusive story of the 13th-century mathematician Leonardo of Pisa."--James Ryerson, New York Times Book Review "Devlin leads a cheerful pursuit to rediscover the hero of 13th-century European mathematics, taking readers across centuries and through the back streets of medieval and modern Italy in this entertaining and surprising history... Devlin relates Leonardo's adventures with brio and charm. Readers will enjoy this deft and engaging mix of history, mathematics, and personal travelogue."--Publishers Weekly "Finding Fibonacci showcases Devlin's writerly flair. My favourite passages are the incredible story of how Liber Abaci (or at least, the edition he wrote in 1228, the sole surviving one) became available in English for the first time - to this day the only modern-language translation."--Davide Castelvecchi, Nature "[Devlin] talks his way into Italian research libraries in search of early manuscripts, photographs all 11 street signs on Via Leonardo Fibonacci in Florence and strives to cultivate a love for numbers in his readers."--Andrea Marks, Scientific American "Finding Fibonacci [does] much to restore Leonardo to his proper place in contemporary Western culture."--Dan Friedman, Los Angeles Review of Books "[E]ngaging and entertaining."--Library Journal "A charming new book."--Martijn van Calmthout, de Volkskrant "All in all a book to be recommended. If you already read The Man of Numbers it is most informative to read this 'behind the scenes' version and know how it came about (and what happened after its publication). If you didn't know The Man of Numbers, you at least get a summary of what is in there too. Only it is told in a much more personal and lively version."--Adhemar Bultheel, European Mathematical Society "[A] good beach read for the nerdier among us."--Math FrolicTable of ContentsPrelude Sputnik and Calculus 1 1 The Flood Plain 5 2 The Manuscript 18 3 First Steps 35 4 The Statue 42 5 A Walk along the Pisan Riverbank 56 6 A Very Boring Book? 64 7 Franci 72 8 Publishing Fibonacci: From the Cloister to Amazon.com 85 9 Translation 97 10 Reading Fibonacci 116 11 Manuscript Hunting, Part I (Failures) 138 12 Manuscript Hunting, Part II (Success at Last) 151 13 The Missing Link 167 14 This Will Change the World 181 15 Leonardo and the Birth of Modern Finance 192 16 Reflections in a Medieval Mirror 213 Appendix Guide to the Chapters of Liber abbaci 228 Bibliography 236 Index 239

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"If you are not familiar with this relatively new research about the foundations and and minimal assumptions needed to develop the massive mathematical structure, this provides a good informal guideline."---Adhemar Bultheel, European Mathematical Society"John Stillwell’s book gives a clear and engaging introduction to an intriguing area of mathematics: reverse mathematics."---Martyn Prigmore, Mathematics Today"The book is rich in examples and historical perspectives, is clearly argued and immaculately presented."---Graham Hoare, Mathematical Gazette

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"The yeast of the story has been told already many times, but it has never been told like Toscano does in this book."---Adhemar Bultheel, European Mathematical Society"The cubic formula will always be beyond my grasp . . . but the story of its discovery and of the men who battled over it, so memorably recounted in The Secret Formula, is one I am glad to know."---Jeff Jacoby, Boston Globe"Toscano weaves together his sources deftly to make the story as lively and exciting as a novel, with mathematics an organic part of the tale."---Daniel J. Curtin, MAA Reviews"Toscano is able to provide a realistic and accurate view that captures the complexity of the story of the cubic formula and the very different mathematical practices of this time. Anyone interested in learning about the history of mathematics will likely find it an interesting and informative read."---Patrick Love, London Mathematical Society Newsletter

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"A Choice Outstanding Academic Title of the Year"

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"An excellent book; its accurate historical and pedagogical purpose offers an accessible read for historians and mathematicians."---Raffaele Pisano, Metascience"Well written and engaging with a wealth of useful material and a substantial bibliography for further reading, this book is a valuable resource for anyone with a serious interest in the history of algebra. With Taming the Unknown, Victor Katz and Karen Parshall have created a comprehensive synthesis of recent research on the subject, accessible to mathematicians, historians of mathematics and anyone involved in the teaching of algebra."---Adrian Rice, BSHM Bulletin"The authors have . . . pitched their writing perfectly for their intended audience. The broad outline of the story is expressed in clear prose, combined with a judicious use of that other ‘native tongue' of the college mathematics graduate, symbolic algebra. . . . There is an extensive bibliography presenting the more detailed historical research that has been carried out. . . . You could base a really nice third-year course on this book."---John Hannah, Aestimatio

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Shortlisted for the Pickstone Prize, British Society for the History of Science""Feke’s book deserves a place on the shelves of historians of science, philosophers, and classicists alike."---Marco Romani Mistretta, Bryn Mawr Classical Review"This important study will significantly improve our historical understanding of the originality of Ptolemy’s position."---Alain Bernard, Journal of the History of Astronomy"The book can be accessed and appreciated with a little sustained effort. For those of us who practice the history of mathematics, Feke’s work is a nice illustration that our historical actors’ philosophical commitments often can be identified, and they can help us to focus our readings more precisely. It’s a good lesson, and well worth the endeavour."---Glen Van Brummelen, British Journal for the History of Mathematics

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"I greatly enjoyed Richeson's Tales of Impossibility. It deserves to become a classic and can be highly recommended."---Robin Wilson, Times Higher Education"Even if you never read a single proof through to its conclusion, you’ll enjoy the many entertaining side trips into a geometry far beyond what you learned in high school."---Jim Stein, New Books in Mathematics"The whole book, both informative and amusing, is a highly recommended read."---Adhemar Bulteel, European Mathematical Society"This book was a pleasure to read and I would recommend it for anybody who wants a lovely overview of many areas of the history of mathematics, with a focus on some very easy to understand problems."---Jonathan Shock, Mathemafrica"Richeson clearly explains what it means to be impossible to solve a problem, cites other impossibility results, goes into detail about geometric constructions with various instruments, and discusses the defective proofs and the cranks that have turned up along the way." * Mathematics Magazine *"This fascinating text will appeal to all those interested in the history of mathematics, not leasy because of its helpful notes on each chapter and its two dozen pages of references for further reading"---Laurence E. Nicholas CMath FIMA, Mathematics Today"A fact-filled, insightful, panoramic view of how mathematics developed to what it is today transformed by folks thinking both inside and outside of G so as to resolve the impossible."---Andrew J. Simoson, Mathematical Intelligencer

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Nahin has written a beautifully clear, fascinating book on a topic which is truly vital to so many areas of science and I would recommend anyone who enjoys puzzle solving and having new tools to tackle old (or new) problems should read it."---Jonathan Shock, Mathemafrica

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Nahin’s style is entertaining, directly addressing his readers. . . . Highly recommended."---Adhemar Bultheel, MAA Reviews"This book will be both enjoyable and a rich source of useful as well as intriguing information to a wide range of readers."---Michael Th. Rassias, zbMATH Open"I thoroughly enjoyed this book!"---Jonathan Shock, Mathemafrica.org"N/A"---Andrew Simoson, The Mathematical Intelligencer

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Book SynopsisWhen a doctor tells you there's a one percent chance that an operation will result in your death, or a scientist claims that his theory is probably true, what exactly does that mean? Understanding probability is clearly very important, if we are to make good theoretical and practical choices.Trade Review"This is a remarkable book in that, while using the absolute minimum of mathematics, it manages to explain all the main views in the philosophy of probability clearly and accurately. Indeed it covers some recent approaches on which active research is taking place at the moment." Donald Gillies, University College London "Easy and fun to read, this book is a thought-provoking introduction to a wide range of important theories and issues about the nature of probability." Timothy Williamson, University of OxfordTable of ContentsPreface Chapter 1: Probability: A Two Faced Guide to Life? Chapter 2: The Classical Interpretation Chapter 3: The Logical Interpretation Chapter 4: The Subjective Interpretation Chapter 5: The Objective Bayesian Interpretation Chapter 6: Group Level Interpretations Chapter 7: The Frequency Interpretation Chapter 8: The Propensity Interpretation Chapter 9: Fallacies, Puzzles, and a Paradox Chapter 10: Interpreting Probability in the Humanities, Natural Sciences and Social Sciences Appendix A. The Axioms and Laws of Probability B. Bayes�s Theorem References

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Book SynopsisWhen a doctor tells you there's a one percent chance that an operation will result in your death, or a scientist claims that his theory is probably true, what exactly does that mean? Understanding probability is clearly very important, if we are to make good theoretical and practical choices.Trade Review"This is a remarkable book in that, while using the absolute minimum of mathematics, it manages to explain all the main views in the philosophy of probability clearly and accurately. Indeed it covers some recent approaches on which active research is taking place at the moment." Donald Gillies, University College London "Easy and fun to read, this book is a thought-provoking introduction to a wide range of important theories and issues about the nature of probability." Timothy Williamson, University of OxfordTable of ContentsPreface Chapter 1: Probability: A Two Faced Guide to Life? Chapter 2: The Classical Interpretation Chapter 3: The Logical Interpretation Chapter 4: The Subjective Interpretation Chapter 5: The Objective Bayesian Interpretation Chapter 6: Group Level Interpretations Chapter 7: The Frequency Interpretation Chapter 8: The Propensity Interpretation Chapter 9: Fallacies, Puzzles, and a Paradox Chapter 10: Interpreting Probability in the Humanities, Natural Sciences and Social Sciences Appendix A. The Axioms and Laws of Probability B. Bayes�s Theorem References

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Book SynopsisThis is a new account of mathematics-as-language that challenges the coherence of the accepted idea of infinity and suggests a startlingly new conception of counting.Trade Review"Rotman uses semiotics to focus on the infinite and the meaning of the mathematician's ellipsis. . . . He argues persuasively that a constructive model of the infinite is inherent in the literary acts of mathematicians."—ChoiceTable of ContentsCONTENTS ABSTRACT ...1 ...2 ...3 ...4 ...5 ...6 APPENDIX

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Book SynopsisThis title argues that a new way of speaking of mathematics and describing it emerged at the end of the 16th century. Leading mathematicians like Hariot, Stevin, Galileo and Cavalieri began referring to their field in terms drawn from the exploration accounts of Columbus and Magellan.Trade Review“This is one of the most important books to appear in the history of early modern science. Moving into an uncharted field, namely mathematics and the turn toward infinitesimals, Alexander develops a controversial argument—and that is a tribute to its originality. This is a work of singular importance that will be discussed for years to come.”—Margaret C. Jacob, University of California, Los Angeles“A short review cannot do justice to this exceptional, seminal work. Through meticulous interpretation of the writings of mainly English authors from the age of discovery, Alexander develops a new and illuminating perspective on the maritime, mathematical, and scientific explorations of that age...An invaluable work.”—CHOICE

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Book SynopsisVolume II provides an advanced approach to the extended gibonacci family, which includes Fibonacci, Lucas, Pell, Pell-Lucas, Jacobsthal, Jacobsthal-Lucas, Vieta, Vieta-Lucas, and Chebyshevpolynomials of both kinds. This volume offers a uniquely unified, extensive, and historical approach that will appeal to both students and professional mathematicians. As in Volume I, Volume II focuses on problem-solving techniques such as pattern recognition;conjecturing; proof-techniques, and applications. It offers a wealth of delightful opportunities toexplore and experiment, as well as plentiful material for group discussions, seminars, presentations, and collaboration. In addition, the material covered in this book promotes intellectual curiosity, creativity, and ingenuity. Volume II features: A wealth of examples, applications, and exercises of varying degrees of difficulty and sophistication. Numerous combinatorial and graph-theoretic proofs and techniques. A uniquely thorough discussTable of ContentsList of Symbols xiii Preface xv 31. Fibonacci and Lucas Polynomials I 1 31.1. Fibonacci and Lucas Polynomials 3 31.2. Pascal’s Triangle 18 31.3. Additional Explicit Formulas 22 31.4. Ends of the Numbers ln 25 31.5. Generating Functions 26 31.6. Pell and Pell–Lucas Polynomials 27 31.7. Composition of Lucas Polynomials 33 31.8. De Moivre-like Formulas 35 31.9. Fibonacci–Lucas Bridges 36 31.10. Applications of Identity (31.51) 37 31.11. Infinite Products 48 31.12. Putnam Delight Revisited 51 31.13. Infinite Simple Continued Fraction 54 32. Fibonacci and Lucas Polynomials II 65 32.1. Q-Matrix 65 32.2. Summation Formulas 67 32.3. Addition Formulas 71 32.4. A Recurrence for n2 76 32.5. Divisibility Properties 82 33. Combinatorial Models II 87 33.1. A Model for Fibonacci Polynomials 87 33.2. Breakability 99 33.3. A Ladder Model 101 33.4. A Model for Pell–Lucas Polynomials: Linear Boards 102 33.5. Colored Tilings 103 33.6. A New Tiling Scheme 104 33.7. A Model for Pell–Lucas Polynomials: Circular Boards 107 33.8. A Domino Model for Fibonacci Polynomials 114 33.9. Another Model for Fibonacci Polynomials 118 34. Graph-Theoretic Models II 125 34.1. Q-Matrix and Connected Graph 125 34.2. Weighted Paths 126 34.3. Q-Matrix Revisited 127 34.4. Byproducts of the Model 128 34.5. A Bijection Algorithm 136 34.6. Fibonacci and Lucas Sums 137 34.7. Fibonacci Walks 140 35. Gibonacci Polynomials 145 35.1. Gibonacci Polynomials 145 35.2. Differences of Gibonacci Products 159 35.3. Generalized Lucas and Ginsburg Identities 174 35.4. Gibonacci and Geometry 181 35.5. Additional Recurrences 184 35.6. Pythagorean Triples 188 36. Gibonacci Sums 195 36.1. Gibonacci Sums 195 36.2. Weighted Sums 206 36.3. Exponential Generating Functions 209 36.4. Infinite Gibonacci Sums 215 37. Additional Gibonacci Delights 233 37.1. Some Fundamental Identities Revisited 233 37.2. Lucas and Ginsburg Identities Revisited 238 37.3. Fibonomial Coefficients 247 37.4. Gibonomial Coefficients 250 37.5. Additional Identities 260 37.6. Strazdins’ Identity 264 38. Fibonacci and Lucas Polynomials III 269 38.1. Seiffert’s Formulas 270 38.2. Additional Formulas 294 38.3. Legendre Polynomials 314 39. Gibonacci Determinants 321 39.1. A Circulant Determinant 321 39.2. A Hybrid Determinant 323 39.3. Basin’s Determinant 333 39.4. Lower Hessenberg Matrices 339 39.5. Determinant with a Prescribed First Row 343 40. Fibonometry II 347 40.1. Fibonometric Results 347 40.2. Hyperbolic Functions 356 40.3. Inverse Hyperbolic Summation Formulas 361 41. Chebyshev Polynomials 371 41.1. Chebyshev Polynomials Tn(x) 372 41.2. Tn(x) and Trigonometry 384 41.3. Hidden Treasures in Table 41.1 386 41.4. Chebyshev Polynomials Un(x) 396 41.5. Pell’s Equation 398 41.6. Un(x) and Trigonometry 399 41.7. Addition and Cassini-like Formulas 401 41.8. Hidden Treasures in Table 41.8 402 41.9. A Chebyshev Bridge 404 41.10. Tn and Un as Products 405 41.11. Generating Functions 410 42. Chebyshev Tilings 415 42.1. Combinatorial Models for Un 415 42.2. Combinatorial Models for Tn 420 42.3. Circular Tilings 425 43. Bivariate Gibonacci Family I 429 43.1. Bivariate Gibonacci Polynomials 429 43.2. Bivariate Fibonacci and Lucas Identities 430 43.3. Candido’s Identity Revisited 439 44. Jacobsthal Family 443 44.1. Jacobsthal Family 444 44.2. Jacobsthal Occurrences 450 44.3. Jacobsthal Compositions 452 44.4. Triangular Numbers in the Family 459 44.5. Formal Languages 468 44.6. A USA Olympiad Delight 480 44.7. A Story of 1, 2, 7, 42, 429,…483 44.8. Convolutions 490 45. Jacobsthal Tilings and Graphs 499 45.1. 1 × n Tilings 499 45.2. 2 × n Tilings 505 45.3. 2 × n Tubular Tilings 510 45.4. 3 × n Tilings 514 45.5. Graph-Theoretic Models 518 45.6. Digraph Models 522 46. Bivariate Tiling Models 537 46.1. A Model for 𝑓n(x, y) 537 46.2. Breakability 539 46.3. Colored Tilings 542 46.4. A Model for ln(x, y) 543 46.5. Colored Tilings Revisited 545 46.6. Circular Tilings Again 547 47. Vieta Polynomials 553 47.1. Vieta Polynomials 554 47.2. Aurifeuille’s Identity 567 47.3. Vieta–Chebyshev Bridges 572 47.4. Jacobsthal–Chebyshev Links 573 47.5. Two Charming Vieta Identities 574 47.6. Tiling Models for Vn 576 47.7. Tiling Models for 𝑣n(x) 582 48. Bivariate Gibonacci Family II 591 48.1. Bivariate Identities 591 48.2. Additional Bivariate Identities 594 48.3. A Bivariate Lucas Counterpart 599 48.4. A Summation Formula for 𝑓2n(x, y) 600 48.5. A Summation Formula for l2n(x, y) 602 48.6. Bivariate Fibonacci Links 603 48.7. Bivariate Lucas Links 606 49. Tribonacci Polynomials 611 49.1. Tribonacci Numbers 611 49.2. Compositions with Summands 1, 2, and 3 613 49.3. Tribonacci Polynomials 616 49.4. A Combinatorial Model 618 49.5. Tribonacci Polynomials and the Q-Matrix 624 49.6. Tribonacci Walks 625 49.7. A Bijection between the Two Models 627 Appendix 631 A.1. The First 100 Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers 631 A.2. The First 100 Pell and Pell–Lucas Numbers 634 A.3. The First 100 Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal–Lucas Numbers 638 A.4. The First 100 Tribonacci Numbers 642 Abbreviations 644 Bibliography 645 Solutions to Odd-Numbered Exercises 661 Index 725

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Book SynopsisPhilosophy of Mathematics: An Introduction provides a critical analysis of the major philosophical issues and viewpoints in the concepts and methods of mathematics - from antiquity to the modern era. Offers beginning readers a critical appraisal of philosophical viewpoints throughout history Gives a separate chapter to predicativism, which is often (but wrongly) treated as if it were a part of logicism Provides readers with a non-partisan discussion until the final chapter, which gives the author''s personal opinion on where the truth lies Designed to be accessible to both undergraduates and graduate students, and at the same time to be of interest to professionals Trade Review“Given this caveat, Bostock’s new book is highly recommendable as a text for undergraduate seminars in the philosophy of mathematics and also for individual study. It covers all the essentials and more. It should appeal not only to students who have already developed a preference for the general approach and style of contemporary analytic philosophy, but also to a broader audience of students and to people with a non-professional interest in philosophy and mathematics.” (Erkenn, 2011) "This is a concise as well as comprehensive presentation of core topics in the philosophy of mathematics, written in a clear and engaged manner, hence well readable." (Zentralblatt MATH, 2011) "This book is an undergraduate introduction to the basic ideas on the nature of mathematics that have played a significant role in the development of philosophy from Antiquity to contemporary debates . . . throughout the book the emphasis is on the basic ideas as well as their current variations, leading up to recent debates between realists and nominalists." (Mathematical Reviews, 2011) Table of ContentsIntroduction. Part I: Plato versus Aristotle:. A. Plato. 1. The Socratic Background. 2. The Theory of Recollection. 3. Platonism in Mathematics. 4. Retractions: the Divided Line in Republic VI (509d−511e). B. Aristotle. 5. The Overall Position. 6. Idealizations. 7. Complications. 8. Problems with Infinity. C. Prospects. Part II: From Aristotle to Kant:. 1. Medieval Times. 2. Descartes. 3. Locke, Berkeley, Hume. 4. A Remark on Conceptualism. 5. Kant: the Problem. 6. Kant: the Solution. Part III: Reactions to Kant:. 1. Mill on Geometry. 2. Mill versus Frege on Arithmetic. 3. Analytic Truths. 4. Concluding Remarks. Part IV: Mathematics and its Foundations:. 1. Geometry. 2. Different Kinds of Number. 3. The Calculus. 4. Return to Foundations. 5. Infinite Numbers. 6. Foundations Again. Part V: Logicism:. 1. Frege. 2. Russell. 3. Borkowski/Bostock. 4. Set Theory. 5. Logic. 6. Definition. Part VI: Formalism:. 1. Hilbert. 2. Gödel. 3. Pure Formalism. 4. Structuralism. 5. Some Comments. Part VII: Intuitionism:. 1. Brouwer. 2. Intuitionist Logic. 3. The Irrelevance of Ontology. 4. The Attack on Classical Logic. Part VIII: Predicativism:. 1. Russell and the VCP. 2. Russell’s Ramified Theory and the Axiom of Reducibility. 3. Predicative Theories after Russell. 4. Concluding Remarks. Part IX: Realism versus Nominalism:. A. Realism. 1. Gödel. 2. Neo-Fregeans. 3. Quine and Putnam. B. Nominalism. 4. Reductive Nominalism. 5. Fictionalism. 6. Concluding Remarks. References. Index

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Book SynopsisPhilosophy of Mathematics: An Introduction provides a critical analysis of the major philosophical issues and viewpoints in the concepts and methods of mathematics - from antiquity to the modern era. Offers beginning readers a critical appraisal of philosophical viewpoints throughout history Gives a separate chapter to predicativism, which is often (but wrongly) treated as if it were a part of logicism Provides readers with a non-partisan discussion until the final chapter, which gives the author''s personal opinion on where the truth lies Designed to be accessible to both undergraduates and graduate students, and at the same time to be of interest to professionals Trade Review“Given this caveat, Bostock’s new book is highly recommendable as a text for undergraduate seminars in the philosophy of mathematics and also for individual study. It covers all the essentials and more. It should appeal not only to students who have already developed a preference for the general approach and style of contemporary analytic philosophy, but also to a broader audience of students and to people with a non-professional interest in philosophy and mathematics.” (Erkenn, 2011) "This is a concise as well as comprehensive presentation of core topics in the philosophy of mathematics, written in a clear and engaged manner, hence well readable." (Zentralblatt MATH, 2011) Table of ContentsIntroduction. Part I: Plato versus Aristotle:. A. Plato. 1. The Socratic Background. 2. The Theory of Recollection. 3. Platonism in Mathematics. 4. Retractions: the Divided Line in Republic VI (509d−511e). B. Aristotle. 5. The Overall Position. 6. Idealizations. 7. Complications. 8. Problems with Infinity. C. Prospects. Part II: From Aristotle to Kant:. 1. Medieval Times. 2. Descartes. 3. Locke, Berkeley, Hume. 4. A Remark on Conceptualism. 5. Kant: the Problem. 6. Kant: the Solution. Part III: Reactions to Kant:. 1. Mill on Geometry. 2. Mill versus Frege on Arithmetic. 3. Analytic Truths. 4. Concluding Remarks. Part IV: Mathematics and its Foundations:. 1. Geometry. 2. Different Kinds of Number. 3. The Calculus. 4. Return to Foundations. 5. Infinite Numbers. 6. Foundations Again. Part V: Logicism:. 1. Frege. 2. Russell. 3. Borkowski/Bostock. 4. Set Theory. 5. Logic. 6. Definition. Part VI: Formalism:. 1. Hilbert. 2. Gödel. 3. Pure Formalism. 4. Structuralism. 5. Some Comments. Part VII: Intuitionism:. 1. Brouwer. 2. Intuitionist Logic. 3. The Irrelevance of Ontology. 4. The Attack on Classical Logic. Part VIII: Predicativism:. 1. Russell and the VCP. 2. Russell’s Ramified Theory and the Axiom of Reducibility. 3. Predicative Theories after Russell. 4. Concluding Remarks. Part IX: Realism versus Nominalism:. A. Realism. 1. Gödel. 2. Neo-Fregeans. 3. Quine and Putnam. B. Nominalism. 4. Reductive Nominalism. 5. Fictionalism. 6. Concluding Remarks. References. Index

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Book SynopsisBerto''s highly readable and lucid guide introduces students and the interested reader to Gödel''s celebrated Incompleteness Theorem, and discusses some of the most famous - and infamous - claims arising from Gödel''s arguments. Offers a clear understanding of this difficult subject by presenting each of the key steps of the Theorem in separate chapters Discusses interpretations of the Theorem made by celebrated contemporary thinkers Sheds light on the wider extra-mathematical and philosophical implications of Gödel''s theories Written in an accessible, non-technical style Trade Review"There's Something about G¨odel is a bargain: two books in one. The first half is a gentle but rigorous introduction to the incompleteness theorems for the mathematically uninitiated. The second is a survey of the philosophical, psychological, and sociological consequences people have attempted to derive from the theorems, some of them quite fantastical." (Philosophia Mathematica, 2011) “There is a story that in 1930 the great mathematician John von Neumann emerged from a seminar delivered by Kurt Gödel saying: ‘It's all over.’ Gödel had just proved the two theorems about the logical foundations of mathematics that are the subject of this valuable new book by Francesco Berto. Berto's clear exposition and his strategy of dividing the proof into short, easily digestible chunks make it pleasant reading ... .Berto is lucid and witty in exposing mistaken applications of Gödel's results ... [and] has provided a thoroughly recommendable guide to Gödel's theorems and their current status within, and outside, mathematical logic.” (Times Higher Education Supplement, February 2010)Table of ContentsPrologue. Acknowledgments. Part I: The Gödelian Symphony. 1 Foundations and Paradoxes. 1 "This sentence is false". 2 The Liar and Gödel. 3 Language and metalanguage. 4 The axiomatic method, or how to get the non-obvious out of the obvious. 5 Peano's axioms … . 6 … and the unsatisfied logicists, Frege and Russell. 7 Bits of set theory. 8 The Abstraction Principle. 9 Bytes of set theory. 10 Properties, relations, functions, that is, sets again. 11 Calculating, computing, enumerating, that is, the notion of algorithm. 12 Taking numbers as sets of sets. 13 It's raining paradoxes. 14 Cantor's diagonal argument. 15 Self-reference and paradoxes. 2 Hilbert. 1 Strings of symbols. 2 "… in mathematics there is no ignorabimus". 3 Gödel on stage. 4 Our first encounter with the Incompleteness Theorem … . 5 … and some provisos. 3 Gödelization, or Say It with Numbers! 1 TNT. 2 The arithmetical axioms of TNT and the "standard model" N. 3 The Fundamental Property of formal systems. 4 The Gödel numbering … . 5 … and the arithmetization of syntax. 4 Bits of Recursive Arithmetic … . 1 Making algorithms precise. 2 Bits of recursion theory. 3 Church's Thesis. 4 The recursiveness of predicates, sets, properties, and relations. 5 … And How It Is Represented in Typographical Number Theory. 1 Introspection and representation. 2 The representability of properties, relations, and functions … . 3 … and the Gödelian loop. 6 "I Am Not Provable". 1 Proof pairs. 2 The property of being a theorem of TNT (is not recursive!) 3 Arithmetizing substitution. 4 How can a TNT sentence refer to itself? 5 γ 6 Fixed point. 7 Consistency and omega-consistency. 8 Proving G1. 9 Rosser's proof. 7 The Unprovability of Consistency and the "Immediate Consequences" of G1 and G2. 1 G2. 2 Technical interlude. 3 "Immediate consequences" of G1 and G2. 4 Undecidable1 and undecidable2. 5 Essential incompleteness, or the syndicate of mathematicians. 6 Robinson Arithmetic. 7 How general are Gödel's results? 8 Bits of Turing machine. 9 G1 and G2 in general. 10 Unexpected fish in the formal net. 11 Supernatural numbers. 12 The culpability of the induction scheme. 13 Bits of truth (not too much of it, though). Part II: The World after Gödel. 8 Bourgeois Mathematicians! The Postmodern Interpretations. 1 What is postmodernism? 2 From Gödel to Lenin. 3 Is "Biblical proof" decidable? 4 Speaking of the totality. 5 Bourgeois teachers! 6 (Un)interesting bifurcations. 9 A Footnote to Plato. 1 Explorers in the realm of numbers. 2 The essence of a life. 3 "The philosophical prejudices of our times". 4 From Gödel to Tarski. 5 Human, too human. 10 Mathematical Faith. 1 "I'm not crazy!" 2 Qualified doubts. 3 From Gentzen to the Dialectica interpretation. 4 Mathematicians are people of faith. 11 Mind versus Computer: Gödel and Artificial Intelligence. 1 Is mind (just) a program? 2 "Seeing the truth" and "going outside the system". 3 The basic mistake. 4 In the haze of the transfinite. 5 "Know thyself": Socrates and the inexhaustibility of mathematics. 12 Gödel versus Wittgenstein and the Paraconsistent Interpretation. 1 When geniuses meet … . 2 The implausible Wittgenstein. 3 "There is no metamathematics". 4 Proof and prose. 5 The single argument. 6 But how can arithmetic be inconsistent? 7 The costs and benefits of making Wittgenstein plausible. Epilogue. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisBerto''s highly readable and lucid guide introduces students and the interested reader to Gödel''s celebrated Incompleteness Theorem, and discusses some of the most famous - and infamous - claims arising from Gödel''s arguments. Offers a clear understanding of this difficult subject by presenting each of the key steps of the Theorem in separate chapters Discusses interpretations of the Theorem made by celebrated contemporary thinkers Sheds light on the wider extra-mathematical and philosophical implications of Gödel''s theories Written in an accessible, non-technical style Trade Review"This is a beautifully clear and accurate presentation of the material, with no technical demands beyond what is required for accuracy, and filled with interesting philosophical suggestions." (John Woods, University of British Columbia) "There's Something about G¨odel is a bargain: two books in one. The first half is a gentle but rigorous introduction to the incompleteness theorems for the mathematically uninitiated. The second is a survey of the philosophical, psychological, and sociological consequences people have attempted to derive from the theorems, some of them quite fantastical." (Philosophia Mathematica, 2011) "There is a story that in 1930 the great mathematician John von Neumann emerged from a seminar delivered by Kurt Gödel saying: ‘It's all over.’ Gödel had just proved the two theorems about the logical foundations of mathematics that are the subject of this valuable new book by Francesco Berto. Berto's clear exposition and his strategy of dividing the proof into short, easily digestible chunks make it pleasant reading ... .Berto is lucid and witty in exposing mistaken applications of Gödel's results ... [and] has provided a thoroughly recommendable guide to Gödel's theorems and their current status within, and outside, mathematical logic.” (Times Higher Education Supplement, February 2010)Table of ContentsPrologue. Acknowledgments. Part I: The Gödelian Symphony. 1 Foundations and Paradoxes. 1 "This sentence is false". 2 The Liar and Gödel. 3 Language and metalanguage. 4 The axiomatic method, or how to get the non-obvious out of the obvious. 5 Peano's axioms … . 6 … and the unsatisfied logicists, Frege and Russell. 7 Bits of set theory. 8 The Abstraction Principle. 9 Bytes of set theory. 10 Properties, relations, functions, that is, sets again. 11 Calculating, computing, enumerating, that is, the notion of algorithm. 12 Taking numbers as sets of sets. 13 It's raining paradoxes. 14 Cantor's diagonal argument. 15 Self-reference and paradoxes. 2 Hilbert. 1 Strings of symbols. 2 "… in mathematics there is no ignorabimus". 3 Gödel on stage. 4 Our first encounter with the Incompleteness Theorem … . 5 … and some provisos. 3 Gödelization, or Say It with Numbers! 1 TNT. 2 The arithmetical axioms of TNT and the "standard model" N. 3 The Fundamental Property of formal systems. 4 The Gödel numbering … . 5 … and the arithmetization of syntax. 4 Bits of Recursive Arithmetic … . 1 Making algorithms precise. 2 Bits of recursion theory. 3 Church's Thesis. 4 The recursiveness of predicates, sets, properties, and relations. 5 … And How It Is Represented in Typographical Number Theory. 1 Introspection and representation. 2 The representability of properties, relations, and functions … . 3 … and the Gödelian loop. 6 "I Am Not Provable". 1 Proof pairs. 2 The property of being a theorem of TNT (is not recursive!) 3 Arithmetizing substitution. 4 How can a TNT sentence refer to itself? 5 γ 6 Fixed point. 7 Consistency and omega-consistency. 8 Proving G1. 9 Rosser's proof. 7 The Unprovability of Consistency and the "Immediate Consequences" of G1 and G2. 1 G2. 2 Technical interlude. 3 "Immediate consequences" of G1 and G2. 4 Undecidable1 and undecidable2. 5 Essential incompleteness, or the syndicate of mathematicians. 6 Robinson Arithmetic. 7 How general are Gödel's results? 8 Bits of Turing machine. 9 G1 and G2 in general. 10 Unexpected fish in the formal net. 11 Supernatural numbers. 12 The culpability of the induction scheme. 13 Bits of truth (not too much of it, though). Part II: The World after Gödel. 8 Bourgeois Mathematicians! The Postmodern Interpretations. 1 What is postmodernism? 2 From Gödel to Lenin. 3 Is "Biblical proof" decidable? 4 Speaking of the totality. 5 Bourgeois teachers! 6 (Un)interesting bifurcations. 9 A Footnote to Plato. 1 Explorers in the realm of numbers. 2 The essence of a life. 3 "The philosophical prejudices of our times". 4 From Gödel to Tarski. 5 Human, too human. 10 Mathematical Faith. 1 "I'm not crazy!" 2 Qualified doubts. 3 From Gentzen to the Dialectica interpretation. 4 Mathematicians are people of faith. 11 Mind versus Computer: Gödel and Artificial Intelligence. 1 Is mind (just) a program? 2 "Seeing the truth" and "going outside the system". 3 The basic mistake. 4 In the haze of the transfinite. 5 "Know thyself": Socrates and the inexhaustibility of mathematics. 12 Gödel versus Wittgenstein and the Paraconsistent Interpretation. 1 When geniuses meet … . 2 The implausible Wittgenstein. 3 "There is no metamathematics". 4 Proof and prose. 5 The single argument. 6 But how can arithmetic be inconsistent? 7 The costs and benefits of making Wittgenstein plausible. Epilogue. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume will provide invaluable assistance for mathematicians, historians of mathematics and users of mathematics in the retrieval of information about mathematicians and topics in mathematics and closely related fields. The major portion of the book is a classified and annotated bibliography of some 24,000 relevant publications udner about 3,750 headings. Preceeding the bibliography is a guide to personal information retrieval, storage, analysis and use. An appendix provides a useful list of over 3,000 mathematical and historical journals cited in the bibliography or otherwise known to the author, with pertinent publishing information.

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Book SynopsisWhy bother to praise mathematics when you claim, as Alain Badiou does, that philosophy is first and foremost a metaphysics of happiness, or else it’s not worth an hour of trouble? What possible relationship can there be between mathematics and happiness? That is precisely the issue at stake in this dialogue, which serves as a very accessible introduction to what mathematics is and an exploration of the crucial influence it has always exerted on the greatest philosophers. Far from the thankless, pointless exercises they are often thought to be, mathematics and logic are indispensable guides to ridding ourselves of dominant opinions and making possible an access to truths, or to a human experience of the utmost value. That is why mathematics may well be the shortest path to the true life, which, when it exists, is characterized by an incomparable happiness.Trade Review�Badiou allows not only those in the know, but also those ignorant of geometry to enter here into his enchanting defense of mathematics. Packed with a variety of pleasures, this brief text introduces readers to brilliantly quirky mathematicians; philosophical problems with mathematical underpinnings; tricks of the trade, such as how to use the false to snare the truth; the passion of form; and the exquisite joy of the QED.� Joan Copjec, Brown UniversityTable of Contents Contents I Mathematics Must be Saved II Philosophy and Mathematics, or the Story of an Old Couple III What is Mathematics About? IV An Attempt at a Mathematics-based Metaphysics V Does Mathematics Bring Happiness? Conclusion

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Book SynopsisWhy bother to praise mathematics when you claim, as Alain Badiou does, that philosophy is first and foremost a metaphysics of happiness, or else it’s not worth an hour of trouble? What possible relationship can there be between mathematics and happiness? That is precisely the issue at stake in this dialogue, which serves as a very accessible introduction to what mathematics is and an exploration of the crucial influence it has always exerted on the greatest philosophers. Far from the thankless, pointless exercises they are often thought to be, mathematics and logic are indispensable guides to ridding ourselves of dominant opinions and making possible an access to truths, or to a human experience of the utmost value. That is why mathematics may well be the shortest path to the true life, which, when it exists, is characterized by an incomparable happiness.Trade Review�Badiou allows not only those in the know, but also those ignorant of geometry to enter here into his enchanting defense of mathematics. Packed with a variety of pleasures, this brief text introduces readers to brilliantly quirky mathematicians; philosophical problems with mathematical underpinnings; tricks of the trade, such as how to use the false to snare the truth; the passion of form; and the exquisite joy of the QED.� Joan Copjec, Brown UniversityTable of ContentsContentsI Mathematics Must be SavedII Philosophy and Mathematics, or the Story of an Old CoupleIII What is Mathematics About?IV An Attempt at a Mathematics-based MetaphysicsV Does Mathematics Bring Happiness?Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThe use of diagrams in logic and geometry has encountered resistence throughout the years. For a proof to be valid in geometry it must not rely on the graphical properties of a diagram. In logic the teaching of proofs depends on the sentenial representations, ideas formed as natural language sentences such as "if A is true and B is true...". No serious formal proof system is based on diagrams. This text explores the reasons why structured graphics have been ignored in modern formal theories of axiomatic systems. The effects of historical forces on the evolution of diagrammatically-based systems of inference in logic and geometry are explored, from antiquity to the early 20th-century work of David Hilbert. From this exploration emerges an understanding that the present negative attitudes towards the use of diagrams in logic and geometry owe more to implicit appeals to their history and philosophical background than to any technical incompatibility with modern theories of logical systems.

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Book SynopsisThis book, following the three published volumes of the book, provides the main purpose to collect research papers and review papers to provide an overview of the main issues, results, and open questions in the cutting-edge research on the fields of modeling, optimization, and dynamics and their applications to biology, economy, energy, industry, physics, psychology and finance. Assuming the scientific relevance of the presenting innovative applications as well as merging issues in these areas, the purpose of this book is to collect papers of the world experts in mathematics, economics, and other applied sciences that is seminal to the future research developments. The majority of the papers presented in this book is authored by the participants in The Joint Meeting 6th International Conference on Dynamics, Games, and Science – DGSVI – JOLATE and in the 21st ICABR Conference. The scientific scope of the conferences is focused on the fields of modeling, optimization, and dynamics and their applications to biology, economy, energy, industry, physics, psychology, and finance. Assuming the scientific relevance of the presenting innovative applications as well as merging issues in these areas, the purpose of the conference is to bring together some of the world experts in mathematics, economics, and other applied sciences that reinforce ongoing projects and establish future works and collaborations.Table of ContentsA. Afsar, F. Martins, Bruno M. P. M. Oliveira, and A. A. Pinto, Immune response model fitting to CD4+ T cell data in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus LCMV infection.- U. Agyüz, V. Purutçuoglu, E. Purutçuoglu and Y. Ürün, Construction of a New Model to Investigate Breast Cancer Data.- I. Baltas, M. Szczepanski, L. Dopierala, K. Kolodziejczyk, G.-W. Weber and A. N. Yannacopoulos, Optimal Pension Fund Management Under Risk and Uncertainty: The Case Study of Poland.- M. Bujidos-Casado, J. Navío-Marco and B. Rodrigo-Moya, Collaborative Innovation of Spanish SMEs in the European context: A compared study.- G. G. de Castro, A. O. Lopes and G. Mantovani, Haar systems, KMS states on von Neumann algebras and C*-algebras on dynamically defined groupoids and Noncommutative Integration.- C. Çıtak, T. Aksu, Ö. Harputlu and Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber, Mixed Compression Air-Intake Design for High-Speed Transportation.- D. Czerkawski, J. Małecka, G. Wilhelm Weber and B. Kjamili, Social Entrepreneurship Business Models for Handicapped People - Polish & Turkish case study of sharing public goods by doing business.- H. H. Ferreira, A. O. Lopes and E. R. Oliveira, An iterative process for approximating subactions.- A. D. Garcia and M. A. Szybisz, "Beat the gun": The phenomenon of liquidity.- E. Gómez-Escalonilla and Laura Parte, Board Knowledge and Bank Risk-Taking. An International Analysis.- F. Jiménez-Delgado, M. Dolores Reina-Paz, Israel J ThuissardVasallo and David Sanz-Rosa, The shopping experience in virtual sales: A study of the influence of website atmosphere on purchase intention.- Kyung B. Kim and José M. Labeaga, European Mobile Phone Industry: Demand Estimation Using Discrete Random Coefficients Models.- A. O. Lopes and M. Sebastiani, On Bertelson-Gromov Dynamical Morse Entropy, Rogério Martins, Synchronisation of weakly coupled oscillators.- Z. Kamisli Ozturk, Y. Cetin, Y. Isik and Z. I. Erzurum Cicek, Demand Forecasting with Clustering and Artificial Neural Networks Methods: an Application for Stock Keeping Units.- O. Palanci, S.Z. Alparslan Gok and Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber, On the Grey Obligation Rules.- Juan Diego Paredes-Gázquez, Eva Pardo and José Miguel Rodríguez-Fernández, Robustness checks in composite indicators: A responsible approach.- Elena V. Ravve, Zeev Volkovich, Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber, A Logic-Based Approach to Incremental Reasoning on Multi-Agent Systems.

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Book SynopsisThis book analyses the role of diagrammatic reasoning in Plato’s philosophy: the readers will realize that Plato, describing the stages of human cognitive development using a diagram, poses a logic problem to stimulate the general reasoning abilities of his readers. Following the examination of mental models in this book, the readers will reflect on what inferences can be useful to approach this kind of logic problem. Plato calls for a collaboration between writer and readers. In this book the readers will examine the connection between diagrams and discovery, realizing the important epistemic role of visualization. They will recognize the crucial role that diagrams play in problem solving. The logic problem elaborated by Plato is addressed considering the epistemic function of mental models. These models introduce to an advanced stage of cognitive development, in which reasoning uses in its investigations a higher-level of mathematical complexity, represented by structuralism.Table of ContentsCHAPTER ONE: Introduction,- CHAPTER TWO: The Collaboration between Writer and Reader,- CHAPTER THREE: Visual Thinking,- CHAPTER FOUR: Diagrammatic Reasoning,- CHAPTER FIVE: Mental Models,-Chapter 6. Theoretical Adulthood and Structuralism.

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisBand VII der Hausdorff Edition widmet sich dem philosophischen Werk F. Hausdorffs. Der Band enthält den Aphorismenband "Sant' Ilario. Gedanken aus der Landschaft Zarathustras", das erkenntniskritische Buch "Das Chaos in kosmischer Auslese" sowie drei bemerkenswerte Essays über Nietzsches Werke - alle unter dem Pseudonym Paul Mongré veröffentlicht. Die beiden Bücher werden sehr eingehend kommentiert. In einer historischen Einführung des Herausgebers wird Hausdorffs philosophisches Werk in die Geschichte des philosophischen Denkens eingeordnet.Table of ContentsEinleitung des Herausgebers. - Paul Mongré (Felix Hausdorff): Sant' Ilario. Gedanken aus der Landschaft Zarthustras. - Paul Mongré (Felix Hausdorff): Selbstanzeige von Sant' Ilario. - Kommentar zu Sant' Ilario. - Paul Mongré (Felix Hausdorff): Das Chaos in kosmischer Auslese. - Paul Mongré (Felix Hausdorff): Selbstanzeige von Das Chaos in kosmischer Auslese. - Kommentar zu Das Chaos in kosmischer Auslese. - Paul Mongré (Felix Hausdorff): Nietzsches Wiederkunft des Gleichen. - Paul Mongré (Felix Hausdorff): Nietzsches Lehre von der Wiederkunft des Gleichen. - Paul Mongré (Felix Hausdorff): Der Wille zur Macht. - Personenverzeichnis.

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Book SynopsisDer Berliner Mathematiker Karl Weierstraß (1815-1897) lieferte grundlegende Beiträge zu den mathematischen Fachgebieten der Funktionentheorie, Algebra und Variationsrechnung. Er gilt weltweit als Begründer der mathematisch strengen Beweisführung in der Analysis. Mit seinem Namen verbunden ist zum Beispiel die berühmte Epsilon-Delta-Definition des Begriffs der Stetigkeit reeller Funktionen. Weierstraß’ Vorlesungszyklus zur Analysis in Berlin wurde weithin gerühmt und er lehrte teilweise vor 250 Hörern aus ganz Europa; diese starke mathematische Schule prägt bis heute die Mathematik. Aus Anlass seines 200. Geburtstags am 31. Oktober 2015 haben internationale Experten der Mathematik und Mathematikgeschichte diesen Festband zusammengestellt, der einen Einblick in die Bedeutung von Weierstraß’ Werk bis zur heutigen Zeit gibt.Die Herausgeber des Buches sind leitende Wissenschaftler am Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik in Berlin, die Autoren eminente Mathematikhistoriker.Table of ContentsDie prägenden Jahre im Leben von Karl Weierstraß (Jürgen Elstrodt).- Zur Biographie von Karl Weierstraß und zu einigen Aspekten seiner Mathematik (Reinhard Bölling).- Weierstraß und die Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Eberhard Knobloch).- Karl Weierstraß and the theory of Abelian and elliptic functions (Peter Ullrich).- Building analytic function theory: Weierstraß's approach in lecture courses and papers (Umberto Bottazzini).- Monodromy and normal forms (Fabrizio Catanese).- Weierstraß' Approximation Theorem (1885) and his 1886 lecture course revisted (Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze).- Counterexamples in Weierstraß' Work (Tom Archibald).

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Book SynopsisDieses Buch bietet einen historisch orientierten Einstieg in die Algorithmik, also die Lehre von den Algorithmen, in Mathematik, Informatik und darüber hinaus. Besondere Merkmale und Zielsetzungen sind: Elementarität und Anschaulichkeit, die Berücksichtigung der historischen Entwicklung, Motivation der Begriffe und Verfahren anhand konkreter, aussagekräftiger Beispiele unter Einbezug moderner Werkzeuge (Computeralgebrasysteme, Internet). Als Zusatzmedien werden computer- und internetspezifische Interaktions- und Visualisierungsmöglichkeiten (kostenlos) zur Verfügung gestellt. Das Werk wendet sich an Studierende und Lehrende an Schulen und Hochschulen sowie an Nichtspezialisten, die an den Themen "Computer/Algorithmen/Programmierung" einschließlich ihrer historischen und geisteswissenschaftlichen Dimension interessiert sind.Table of ContentsEinleitung.- Begriffsbestimmungen.- Historische Bezüge.- Fundamentale heuristische Strategien des algorithmischen Problemlösens.- Effizienz von Algorithmen.- Korrektheit von Algorithmen, Korrektheit von Computerergebnissen.- Grenzen der Algorithmisierbarkeit, Grenzen des Computers.- Programmierung.- Informationstheorie, Codierung und Kryptographie.- Evolutionäre Algorithmen und neuronale Netze.

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Book SynopsisIn diesem Band sind die nachgelassenen Schriften Moritz Schlicks zur Logik und Philosophie der Mathematik gesammelt, ediert und kommentiert. Keine der zu Lebzeiten veröffentlichten Schriften Schlicks war ausschließlich diesen Themen gewidmet. Man sollte daraus jedoch nicht den Schluss zu ziehen, diese Themen hatten an der Peripherie von Schlicks Interesse gelegen. Überlegungen zur Logik und Mathematik ziehen sich durch Schlicks gesamtes Werk, von der Habilitation, über sein Opus Magnum, die Allgemeine Erkenntnislehre, bis zu seinen letzten stark von Ludwig Wittgenstein geprägten Aufsätzen in den 1930er Jahren. Es ist vielmehr so, dass Schlick Fragen der Logik und Mathematikphilosophie stets im Zusammenhang mit anderen Problemen sah und sie deshalb nie einzeln für sich behandelte. Ausnahmen machte er vor allem für Lehrveranstaltungen und so wundert es nicht, dass fast alle Texte dieses Bandes im Umkreis von solchen entstanden sind.Table of ContentsVorwort des Herausgebers.- Einleitung.- Die philosophischen Grundlagen der Mathematik.- Logik.- Logik.- Wahrscheinlichkeit.- Logik und Erkenntnistheorie.- Anhang.

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Book SynopsisOriginaltext und historischer und mathematischer Kommentar von Klaus VolkertDavid Hilberts „Festschrift“ Grundlagen der Geometrie“ aus dem Jahre 1899 wurde zu einem der einflussreichsten Texte der Mathematikgeschichte. Wie kein anderes Werk prägte es die Mathematik des 20. Jahrhunderts und ist auch heute noch von größtem Interesse.Aus der Perspektive eines Mathematikhistorikers schildert der Herausgeber die Entwicklung einer Axiomatik der Geometrie, die spätestens mit Euklids „Elemente“ (ca. 300 v. u. Z.) begann und erst durch Hilbert zu einem vollständigen und handhabbaren System geführt wurde. Nach einer ausführlichen Erläuterung des Hilbertschen Textes wird seine Rezeption bis 1905 umfassend dargestellt und daran anschließend viele der von ihm ausgehenden weiteren direkten und indirekten Entwicklungen skizziert.Die Faszination des Textes ist auch dem heutigen Leser direkt zugänglich, da Hilbert´s axiomatischer Ansatz ohne mengentheoretische Argumente oder formale Logik auskommt.Trade Review“There is wealth of information of a historical nature that makes this a very valuable addition to the literature. The decision to stop at 1905 … will make the reader wanting to learn more about the longer-term influence of this classical work … .” Victor V. Pambuccian, Mathematical Reviews, October, 2018)​Table of ContentsVorwort.- Einleitung.- Eine kurze Geschichte der Axiomatik insbesondere der Geometrie.- HilbertsWeg zu den „Grundlagen der Geometrie“.- Text der „Festschrift“.- Präsentation des Textes.- Die Rezeption der Hilbertschen „Festschrift“.- Nach der „Festschrift“.- A Klassische Sätze in Hilberts „Festschrift“ und seinen Vorlesungen.- B Hilberts Modelle.- Personenverzeichnis.- Stichwortverzeichnis.- Literaturverzeichnis.

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Book SynopsisSpaß an der Mathematik haben? Ja, das geht wirklich, wie dieses Buch zeigt! Es erzählt wie ein Roman eine „mathematische Geschichte“. Man könnte behaupten, diese recht verworrene Geschichte drehe sich um eine umständliche Entwicklung einer Formel, mit deren Hilfe man die Kreiszahl Pi berechnen kann. Aber eigentlich geht es um etwas ganz anderes: Das Buch nimmt den Leser an der Hand, fordert ihn aber durch eingestreute Fragen immer wieder zum Innehalten und Mitdenken auf. Dank der behutsamen Heranführung an die Themen können diese Fragen von jedem, der die Herausforderung annimmt, mit Schulkenntnissen gemeistert werden. Man bekommt so einen Einblick in „echte“ Mathematik zwischen Geometrie, Algebra, Analysis und Zahlentheorie. Man sieht, wie man an mathematische Fragestellungen herangehen kann. Und man erfährt, warum Mathematik früher ganz anders als heute war und wie sie sich erst mühsam entwickeln musste. Anekdoten über die Menschen hinter der Mathematik gibt's auch, denn der Autor plaudert gerne, philosophiert auch ab und zu und liebt Abschweifungen. Und das Schönste ist: Am Ende wartet keine Prüfung – der Leser kann sich einfach auf die Freude am Forschen und Verstehen einlassen.Table of ContentsAb in den Dschungel.- Nicht von Pythagoras .- Was beweisen Beweise?.- Die Kreativen.- Menschenwerk.- Nichts.- Die Diva.- Gibt es Pi überhaupt?.- Der Plan.- Millimeterpapier.- Die Atome der Mathematik.- Der Gott aus der Maschine.- Reste.- Der Amateur und die Windmühlen.- Die Badeanstalt.- Der erste Algorithmus.- Komplexes Intermezzo.- Außerirdische Mathematik.- Einfaches Sudoku.- Der letzte Brief.- Der schmale Rand.- Einfach die Regeln ändern.- Fünfzehntausend Seiten.- Endlich Punkte zählen!.- Dominoeffekte.- Noch eine Hypothese.- Von Fröschen und Mäusen.- Butterkeks.- Offenes Ende.- Epilog.- Anmerkungen.- Inhalt.- Index.

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Book SynopsisThis publication includes an unabridged and annotated translation of two works by Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728–1777) written in the 1760s: Vorläufige Kenntnisse für die, so die Quadratur und Rectification des Circuls suchen and Mémoire sur quelques propriétés remarquables des quantités transcendentes circulaires et logarithmiques. The translations are accompanied by a contextualised study of each of these works and provide an overview of Lambert’s contributions, showing both the background and the influence of his work. In addition, by adopting a biographical approach, it allows readers to better get to know the scientist himself. Lambert was a highly relevant scientist and polymath in his time, admired by the likes of Kant, who despite having made a wide variety of contributions to different branches of knowledge, later faded into an undeserved secondary place with respect to other scientists of the eighteenth century. In mathematics, in particular, he is famous for his research on non-Euclidean geometries, although he is likely best known for having been the first who proved the irrationality of pi. In his Mémoire, he conducted one of the first studies on hyperbolic functions, offered a surprisingly rigorous proof of the irrationality of pi, established for the first time the modern distinction between algebraic and transcendental numbers, and based on such distinction, he conjectured the transcendence of pi and therefore the impossibility of squaring the circle.Table of ContentsPart I: Antecedents.- Chapter 1. From Geometry to Analysis.- Chapter 2. The situation in the first half of the 18th century. Euler and continued fractions.- Part II: Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728—1777).- Chapter 3. A biographical approach to Johann Heinrich Lambert.- Chapter 4. Outline of Lambert's Mémoire (1761/1768).- Chapter 5. An anotated translation of Lambert's Mémoire (1761/1768).- Chapter 6. Outine of Lambert's Vorläufige Kenntnisse (1766/1770).- Chapter 6. An anotated translation of Lambert's Vorläufige Kenntnisse (1766/1770).- Part III: The influence of Lambert's work and the development of irrational numbers.- Chapter 8. The state of irrationals until the turn of the century.- Chapter 9. Title to be set up.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Using a complete interpretation of Whitehead’s philosophical and mathematical writings, this book argues that Whitehead has never been properly understood. It applies Whitehead’s philosophy to problems in the interpretation of science, empirical knowledge, and nature, and develops a new account of philosophical naturalism.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisThe Unconscious as Space explores the experience of being and the practice of psychoanalysis by thinking of the unconscious in mathematical terms.Anca Carrington introduces mathematical models of space, from dimension theory to algebraic topology and knot theory, and considers their immediate psychoanalytic relevance. The hypothesis that the unconscious is structured like a space marked by impossibility is then examined. Carrington considers the clinical implications, with particular focus on the interplay between language and the unconscious as related topological spaces in which movement takes place along knot-like pathways.The Unconscious as Space will be of appeal to psychotherapists, psychoanalysts and mental health professionals in practice and in training.

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