Philosophy: logic Books

Book SynopsisSaloua Chatti is former Professor of Philosophy at the University of Tunis, Tunisia.Wilfrid Hodges is Emeritus Professor of Mathematics at Queen Mary, University of London, UK.Table of ContentsPreface Richard Sorabji Conventions Acknowledgements Introduction Wilfrid Hodges 1. A Brief Guide to Categorical Syllogisms 2. Al-Farabi and his Writings 3. The Book Syllogism Textual Emendations Translation Notes Bibliography English-Arabic-Greek Glossary Arabic-English Index Index of Passages from Aristotle Subject Index

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Book SynopsisThe philosopher Abu Nasr al-Farabi (c. 870-c. 950 CE) is a key Arabic intermediary figure. He knew Aristotle, and in particular Aristotle's logic, through Greek Neoplatonist interpretations translated into Arabic via Syriac and possibly Persian. For example, he revised a general description of Aristotle's logic by the 6th century Paul the Persian, and further influenced famous later philosophers and theologians writing in Arabic in the 11th to 12th centuries: Avicenna, Al-Ghazali, Avempace and Averroes. Averroes' reports on Farabi were subsequently transmitted to the West in Latin translation. This book is an abridgement of Aristotle's Prior Analytics, rather than a commentary on successive passages. In it Farabi discusses Aristotle's invention, the syllogism, and aims to codify the deductively valid arguments in all disciplines. He describes Aristotle's categorical syllogisms in detail; these are syllogisms with premises such as Every A is a B' and No A is a B'. He adds a discussionTable of ContentsPreface Richard Sorabji Conventions Acknowledgements Introduction Wilfrid Hodges 1. A Brief Guide to Categorical Syllogisms 2. Al-Farabi and his Writings 3. The Book Syllogism Textual Emendations Translation Notes Bibliography English-Arabic-Greek Glossary Arabic-English Index Index of Passages from Aristotle Subject Index

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Book SynopsisHenri Poincaré (1854-1912) was a French mathematician, theoretical physicist, and a philosopher of science.David J. Stump is Professor of Philosophy at the University of San Francisco, USA.Melanie Frappier is Associate Professor of Humanities at the University of King's College, Canada.Andrea Smith has a Ph.D. in Romance Languages from UCLA, USA.Trade ReviewFrappier et al. have done an excellent job of bringing back—so to speak—Poincaré’s masterpiece of philosophical and scientific thought. * Metascience *I heartily applaud David Stump, Melanie Frappier and Andrea Smith for this splendid new edition of Poincaré's Science and Hypothesis. By bringing language and terminology up-to-date and providing new insights they have ensured that the book can once again reach the wide audience originally reached by Poincaré. At the same time, they give us a fascinating glimpse into the state of philosophy on the eve of the 20th-century revolutions in mathematical and scientific thought. -- John Stillwell, Professor of Mathematics, University of San Francisco, USAPoincaré’s essays on science and mathematics retain their importance after over a century because he stood back from the day-to-day tasks to reflect on what it is to do research, the kinds of questions that can be asked, and the kind of answers one might get. This new translation displays the lucidity of his thought, and David Stump’s Foreword brings out the depths that lie beneath Poincaré’s urbane style. There is new material here, too, and altogether this book is a fresh presentation of Poincaré as an intellectual companion for the twenty-first century. -- Jeremy Gray, Emeritus Professor, The Open University, UKThis updated and corrected translation of Science and Hypothesis is an essential addition to both personal and institutional libraries. Scholars who prefer to read Poincaré in English, as well as general readers of philosophy of science, will appreciate this version, which was produced by a team of three translators/editors. In addition to corrections, the volume includes an additional chapter 14: a paper written in 1906 and added to French editions of 1917, but not included in any prior English translations. Happy reading! -- Janet Folina, Professor of Philosophy, Macalester College, USAThis book is a must-read in the foundations of mathematics and physics. For the beginner, the accurate translation of Poincaré’s masterpiece is an excellent introduction to the subject, full of verve and good humor. For the expert, the brilliant foreword gives a lucid account of the major interpretations of Poincaré’s work. -- Gerhard Heinzmann, President of the International Academy of Philosophy of Science (AIPS), Bruxelles, Université de Lorraine/CNRS, FranceThis is the edition of Poincaré’s Science and Hypothesis English-speaking scholars will henceforth want to use in their teaching and research. The translators have made it more readable without sacrificing accuracy, and their helpful notes, references, and explanations reflect the most recent scholarship on this important philosopher and mathematician. -- Warren Schmaus, Professor of Philosophy, Illinois Institute of Technology, USAIt was certainly about time a new translation of Poincaré’s great classic came out. The translators have done a thorough job comparing first and subsequent editions and updating the language. This volume is to become the definitive English edition of Science and Hypothesis. -- María de Paz, Department of Philosophy, Universidad de Sevilla, SpainPoincare’s Science and Hypothesis offers one of the deepest and yet most accessible investigations into the nature of science, constituting one of the most significant works in philosophy of science of the 20th century. This excellent new translation and introduction to Poincare’s philosophy offers an invaluable resource for anyone interested in the scientific method and the nature of scientific knowledge. -- Milena Ivanova, University of Cambridge, UKTable of Contents1. Introduction by David J. Stump Origin of the parts of the book Author’s Preface Part I: Number and Magnitude 2. On the Nature of Mathematical Reasoning 3. Mathematical Magnitude and Experiment Part II: Space 4. Non-Euclidean Geometries 5. Space and Geometry 6. Experiment and Geometry Part III: Force 7. Classical Mechanics 8. Relative and Absolute Motion 9. Energy and Thermo-Dynamics Part IV: Nature 10. Hypotheses in Physics 11. The Theories of Modern Physics 12. The Calculus of Probabilities 13. Optics and Electricity 14. XIII Electro-Dynamics 15. The End of Matter Index

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Book SynopsisThe Logic of Questions.- Sequent Systems for Modal Logics.- Deontic Logic.- Deontic Logic and Contrary-to-duties.Trade Review"The best starting point for exploring any of the topics in logic" Encyclopaedia BritannicaTable of ContentsEditorial Preface; D.M. Gabbay. The Logic of Questions; D. Harrah. Sequent Systems for Modal Logics; H. Wansing. Deontic Logic; L. Åqvist. Deontic Logic and Contrary-to-Dutiesl J. Carmo, A. Jones. Index.

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Book SynopsisI. Teil Sinn der Urteilstheorien.- Reine Logik und Urteilstheorie.- Reine Grammatik und Urteilstheorie.- Erkenntnistheorie und Logik.- Erkenntnistheorie und Psychologie.- Phänomenologie als Wesenslehre des Bewusstseins.- II. Teil Grundlegung zu einer allgemeinen phänomenologie des urteils.- Ausdruck und Bedeutung.- Bedeutung und bedeutungverleihende Akte.- Bedeutungsintention und Bedeutungserfüllung.- Aktqualität und Aktmaterie.- Brentanos Satz von der Vorstellungsgrundlage.- Bloße Vorstellung und Urteil.- Der Begriff der Urteilsmaterie.- Vorstellungsinhalt und Urteilsinhalt.- Prädikative Urteile.- Nominale und propositionale Repräsentationen.- Impression und Idee.- Urteil und Wahrnehmung.- Zur Lehre von den Urteilsformen.- Nachweis der Originalseiten.- Namenregister.Table of ContentsEinleitung der Herausgeberin. Urteilstheorie: Vorlesung 1905. I. Teil: Sinn der Urteilstheorien. Reine Logik und Urteilstheorie. Reine Grammatik und Urteilstheorie. Erkenntnistheorie und Logik. Erkenntnistheorie und Psychologie. Phänomenologie als Wesenslehre des Bewusstseins. II. Teil: Grundlegung zu einer allgemeinen Phänomenologie des Urteils. Ausdruck und Bedeutung. Bedeutung und bedeutungverleihende Akte. Bedeutungsintention und Bedeutungserfüllung. Aktqualität und Aktmaterie. Brentanos Satz von der Vorstellungsgrundlage. Bloße Vorstellung und Urteil. Der Begriff der Urteilsmaterie. Vorstellungsinhalt und Urteilsinhalt. Prädikative Urteile. Nominale und propositionale Repräsentationen. Impression und Idee. Urteil und Wahrnehmung. Zur Lehre von den Urteilsformen. Nachweis der Originalseiten. Namenregister.

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Book SynopsisIn the intervening three decades, a lot of interesting things have happened to mathematical logic: (i) Model theory has shown that insights acquired in the study of formal languages could be used fruitfully in solving old problems of conventional mathematics.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the second edition:"As one might expect from a graduate text on logic by a very distinguished algebraic geometer, this book assumes no previous acquaintance with logic, but proceeds at a high level of mathematical sophistication. Chapters I and II form a short course. Chapter I is a very informal introduction to formal languages, e.g., those of first order Peano arithmetic and of ZFC set theory. Chapter II contains Tarski's definition of truth, Gödel's completeness theorem, and the Löwenheim-Skolem theorem. The emphasis is on semantics rather than syntax. Some rarely-covered side topics are included (unique readability for languages with parentheses, Mostowski's transitive collapse lemma, formalities of introducing definable constants and function symbols). Some standard topics are neglected. (The compactness theorem is not mentioned!) The latter part of Chapter II contains Smullyan's quick proof of Tarski's theorem on the undefinability of truth in formal arithmetic, and an account of the Kochen-Specker "no hidden variables" theorem in quantum logic. There are digressions on philosophical issues (formal logic vs. ordinary language, computer proofs). A wealth of material is introduced in these first 100 pages of the book..."--MATHEMATICAL REVIEWS“Manin’s book on mathematical logic is addressed to a working-mathematician with some knowledge of naive set theory … . incorporate some of the exciting developments in mathematical logic of the last four decades into this edition. … The exquisite taste and the elegant style of the author have produced an outstanding treatment of mathematical logic that allows one to understand some of the pillars of this area of mathematical research … and Manin’s original treatment of the subject provides an extraordinary introduction to mathematical logic.” (F. Luef, Internationale Mathematische Nachrichten, Issue 217, August, 2011)“The new extended title of this book corresponds more to its concept, contents, spirit and style. The book is really addressed to mathematicians and introduces the reader to the glorious discoveries in logic during the last century through the difficult and subtle results, problems, proofs and comments. … due to the author’s brilliant style, each part of the book provokes new opinions and pleasure of a different understanding of basic results and ideas of contemporary mathematical logic.” (Branislav Boričić, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1180, 2010)Table of ContentsPROVABILITY.- to Formal Languages.- Truth and Deducibility.- The Continuum Problem and Forcing.- The Continuum Problem and Constructible Sets.- COMPUTABILITY.- Recursive Functions and Church#x2019;s Thesis.- Diophantine Sets and Algorithmic Undecidability.- PROVABILITY AND COMPUTABILITY.- G#x00F6;del#x2019;s Incompleteness Theorem.- Recursive Groups.- Constructive Universe and Computation.- MODEL THEORY.- Model Theory.

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Trade ReviewThis is a reader-friendly, broad collection of original works on the philosophy of mathematics, ranging from Pythagoras to other contemporary authors. The subjects are organized chronologically, rather than thematically. Each chapter starts with a valuable introductory overview; this puts the original works of the chapter into context, suggests aspects of information to explore, and offers recommendations for further reading. Part 1 (“Ancients”—Pythagoras, Plato and Aristotle) and part 2 (“Moderns”—Descartes, Leibniz, Locke, Kant, etc.) are primarily meant for undergraduate and beginning graduate students. The later parts of the work will be of interest to advanced graduate students and researchers. These include part 3 (“Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries”) and part 4 (“Contemporary Views”), which comprise more than two-thirds of the volume. Particularly refreshing is the fact that the book explores classic authors like Cantor and Gödel. However, the book also surveys the contemporary school of “experimental mathematics” and the ideas of its proponents—Doron Zeilberger (Rutgers Univ.) and Jonathan Borwein (The Univ. of Newcastle, Australia). This branch of mathematics did not exist as recently as 25 years ago. As a result, it is a milestone for experimental mathematics to be discussed in this volume. * CHOICE *[This book] brings together an impressive collection of primary sources from ancient and modern philosophy of mathematics ... It is aimed primarily at undergraduates and early graduate students, however it can serve as an invaluable sourcebook for working researchers as well. * Zentralblatt MATH *This rich historical collection is an invaluable resource. The greats are represented from Pythagorus to Putnam. Classic issues and even current ones, such as fictionalism and naturalism, are included. Plato famously insisted that no one gets into his academy who is ignorant of geometry. Today we should insist that no one gets out of the academy who is ignorant of the philosophy of mathematics. This book will greatly help in that regard. -- James Robert Brown, Professor of Philosophy, University of Toronto, Canada and author of 'Philosophy of Mathematics: A Contemporary Introduction to the World of Proofs and Pictures'A highly-accessible introduction to the philosophy of mathematics. This well-curated reader includes engaging introductory essays for each chapter that will help students tackle some challenging material. It is a welcome addition to the pedagogical literature. -- Lisa Warenski * Dr. Lisa Warenski, The City College of New York, USA *This is a unique anthology of texts in the philosophy of mathematics, thematically grouped, with informative introductory overviews. * Mathematical Reviews *Table of ContentsHow to use this book Introduction: Terminology and Axioms Part I: Ancients and Medievals Introductory overview I.1. Pythagoreans I.2. Parmenides and Zeno’s Paradoxes I.3. Plato I.4. Aristotle Part II: Moderns Introductory overview II.1. The Rationalists II.2. The Empiricists II.3. Kant Part III: 19th and Early 20th Centuries Introductory overview III.1. Mill III.2. Cantor III.3. Logicism III.4. Formalism III.5. Intuitionism III.6. Conventionalism III.7. Wittgenstein III.8. Gödel’s Theorem III.9. Gödel’s Platonism Part IV: Contemporary Views Introductory overview IV.1. The Problem IV.2. The Indispensability Argument IV.3. Benacerraf’s Number Puzzle and Structuralism IV.4. Modalism IV.5. Fictionalism. IV.6. Apriorism IV.7. Naturalism. IV.8. Plenitudinous Platonism V.9. Challenges to Mathematical Apriorism Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIan Mueller is Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Chicago.Table of ContentsPreface Introduction Textual Emendations TRANSLATION Notes Bibliography English-Greek Glossary Greek-English Index Index of Passages Cited Subject Index

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Book SynopsisDavid Blank is Associate Professor of Philosophy at UCLA.Table of ContentsPreface Introduction Textual Emendations TRANSLATION Notes Bibliography English-Greek Glossary Greek-English Index Index of Passages Cited Subject Index

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Book SynopsisIan Mueller is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Chicago. Josiah Gould is Professor of Philosophy at the State University of New York at Albany.Table of ContentsPreface Introduction Textual Emendations TRANSLATION Notes Bibliography English-Greek Glossary Greek-English Index Index of Passages Cited Subject Index

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Book SynopsisA thinking person's guide to a better life. Ward Farnsworth explains what the Socratic method is, how it works, and why it matters more than ever in our time. Easy to grasp yet challenging to master, the method will change the way you think about life's big questions. A wonderful book.Rebecca Goldstein, author of Plato at the Googleplex. About 2,500 years ago, Plato wrote a set of dialogues that depict Socrates in conversation. The way Socrates asks questions, and the reasons why, amount to a whole way of thinking. This is the Socratic methodone of humanity's great achievements. More than a technique, the method is an ethic of patience, inquiry, humility, and doubt. It is an aid to better thinking, and a remedy for bad habits of mind, whether in law, politics, the classroom, or tackling life's big questions at the kitchen table. Drawing on hundreds of quotations, this book explains what the Socratic method is and how to use it. Chapters include Socratic Ethics, Ignorance, Testing Principles, and Socrates and the Stoics. Socratic philosophy is still startling after all these years because it is an approach to asking hard questions and chasing after them. It is a route to wisdom and a way of thinking about wisdom. With Farnsworth as your guide, the ideas of Socrates are easier to understand than ever and accessible to anyone. As Farnsworth achieved with The Practicing Stoic and the Farnsworth's Classical English series, ideas of old are made new and vital again. This book is for those coming to philosophy the way Socrates didas the everyday activity of making sense out of life and how to live itand for anyone who wants to know what he said about doing that better.

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