Philosophical traditions and schools of thought Books

Book SynopsisChristopher Hookway presents a series of essays on the philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1913), the ''founder of pragmatism'' and one of the most important and original American philosophers. Peirce made significant contributions to the development of formal logic and to the study of the normative standards we should follow in carrying out inquiries and enhancing our knowledge in science and mathematics. In The Pragmatic Maxim, Hookway explores Peirce''s writings on truth, science, and the nature of meaning, which have become steadily more influential over recent decades. He demonstrates how Peirce''s ideas can contribute to and inform philosophical understanding in debates that continue today.The first seven chapters explore the framework of Peirce''s thought, especially his fallibilism and his rejection of scepticism, and his contributions to the pragmatist understanding of truth and reality. Like Frege and Husserl, among others, Peirce rejected psychologism and used phenomeTrade Reviewwe should be grateful for Hookwayâs deeply illuminating analyses * Philip Kitcher, MIND *an excellent collection of eleven historical-philosophical studies of the philosophy of Charles Saunders Peirce... Hookways writing is clear and exact, and his thinking rigorous... in these essays [he] exemplifies enviable standards of historical and critical philosophical exposition... For anyone interested in the concept of knowledge, Hookway makes Peirces epistemology, philosophy of science and methodology of inquiry come alive. * Dale Jacquette, Journal for the History of Analytical Philosophy *Christopher Hookway is one of the very finest scholars of C. S. Peirce and the tradition he founded -- American pragmatism . . . These essays are required reading for anyone interested in Peirce or pragmatism . . . We are also treated to a magnificent introduction, which will serve as a primer for those who want to know the essentials . . . [an] excellent volume * Cheryl Misak, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews *Table of ContentsPreface ; Acknowledgements ; Texts and abbreviations ; Introduction: The pragmatist maxim, the method of science, and representation ; 1. Peirce and scepticism ; 2. Fallibilism and the aim of inquiry ; 3. Truth, reality, and convergence ; 4. Normative logic and psychology: Peirce's rejection of psychologism ; 5. Interrogatives and uncontrollable abductions ; 6. 'The form of a relation': Peirce and mathematical structuralism ; 7. 'A sort of composite photograph': pragmatism, ideas, and schematism ; 8. Pragmatism and the given: C.I. Lewis, Quine, and Peirce ; 9. The principle of pragmatism: Peirce's formulations and illustrations ; 10. Logical principles and philosophical attitudes: Peirce's response to James's pragmatism ; 11. How Peirce argued for his pragmatist maxim ; Bibliography ; Index

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Book SynopsisMichael Forster here presents a ground-breaking study of German philosophy of language in the nineteenth century (and beyond). His previous book, After Herder, showed that the eighteenth-century philosopher J.G. Herder played the fundamental role in founding modern philosophy of language, including new theories of interpretation (''hermeneutics'') and translation, as well as in establishing such whole new disciplines concerned with language as anthropology and linguistics. This new volume reveals that Herder''s ideas continued to have a profound impact on such important nineteenth-century thinkers as Friedrich Schlegel (the leading German Romantic), Wilhelm von Humboldt (a founder of linguistics), and G.W.F. Hegel (the leading German Idealist). Forster shows that the most valuable ideas about language in this tradition were continuous with Herder''s, whereas deviations from the latter that occurred tended to be inferior. This book not only sets the historical record straight but also cTrade ReviewMichael Forster's two interconnected books... are vigorous and innovative invitations to look at matters quite differently... the two books offer the most philosophically sustained, searching, and convincing account of Herder's philosophical achievement to date... After Herder and German Philosophy of Language are books to be reckoned with and will amply repay the most serious attention from historians of philosophy, philosophers of language, and social theorists. * Fred Rush, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews *[Forster] explores a rich and interesting vein in the history of philosophy. Equipped with massive erudition and a sharp eye for logical distinctions, he presents its achievements in a detailed, but systematic and digestible, form. * Michael Inwood, Mind *Table of ContentsPART I: SCHLEGEL; PART II: HUMBOLDT; PART III: HEGEL; PART IV: AND BEYOND

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Book SynopsisThe great German idealist philosopher G. W. F. Hegel has exerted an immense influence on the development of philosophy from the early 19th century to the present. But the metaphysical aspects of his thought are still under-appreciated. In a series of essays Robert Stern traces the development of a distinctively Hegelian approach to metaphysics and certain central metaphysical issues. The book begins with an introduction that considers this theme as a whole, followed by a section of essays on Hegel himself. Stern then focuses on the way in which certain key metaphysical ideas in Hegel''s system, such as his doctrine of the ''concrete universal'' and his conception of truth, relate to the thinking of the British Idealists on the one hand, and the American Pragmatists on the other. The volume concludes by examining a critique of Hegel''s metaphysical position from the perspective of the ''continental'' tradition, and in particular Gilles Deleuze.Trade ReviewThere is no doubt that Stern is one of the best Hegel scholars currently around ... a remarkably competent and enormously resourceful analyst of what is living and dead in a metaphysical discourse which does not ostracize Hegel. * Rolf-Peter Horstmann, MIND *Table of ContentsPART ONE; PART TWO; PART THREE; PART FOUR

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Book SynopsisPeter C. Hodgson explores Hegel''s bold vision of history as the progress of the consciousness of freedom. Following an introductory chapter on the textual sources, the key categories, and the modes of writing history that Hegel distinguishes, Hodgson presents a new interpretation of Hegel''s conception of freedom. Freedom is not simply a human production, but takes shape through the interweaving of the divine idea and human passions, and such freedom defines the purpose of historical events in the midst of apparent chaos. Freedom is also a process that unfolds through stages of historical/cultural development and is oriented to an end that occurs within history (the ''kingdom of freedom''). The purpose and the process of history are tragic, however, because history is also a ''slaughterhouse'' that shatters even the finest human creations and requires a constant rebuilding. Hegel''s God is not a supreme being or ''large entity'' but the ''true infinite'' that encompasses the finite. History manifests the rule of God (''providence''), and it functions as the justification of God (''theodicy''). But the God who rules in and is justified by history is a crucified God who takes the suffering, anguish, and evil of the world into and upon godself, accomplishing reconciliation in the midst of ongoing estrangement and inescapable death. Shapes of Freedom addresses these themes in the context of present-day questions about what they mean and whether they still have validity.Trade ReviewHodgson makes an impressive case for the theological reading of Hegel, and beyond that, offers us an invaluable guide to the philosophy of history and its source material. * Mark Tunick, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews *Hodgson is a scrupulous and fairminded scholar * Robert Pippin, Times Literary Supplement *Table of ContentsPreface ; Citations ; 1. Hegel's Philosophy of World History ; 2. History and the Progress of the Consciousness of Freedom ; 3. The State and the Actualization of Freedom ; 4. The Course of World History: Shapes of Freedom ; 5. God in History: The Kingdom of Freedom ; Bibliography

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Book SynopsisPhilosophy of language has for some time now been the very core of the discipline of philosophy. But where did it begin? Frege has sometimes been identified as its father, but in fact its origins lie much further back, in a tradition that arose in eighteenth-century Germany. Michael Forster explores that tradition. He also makes a case that the most important thinker within that tradition was J. G. Herder. It was Herder who established such fundamental principles in the philosophy of language as that thought essentially depends on language and that meaning consists in the usage of words. It was he who on that basis revolutionized the theory of interpretation (hermeneutics) and the theory of translation. And it was he who played the pivotal role in founding such whole new disciplines concerned with language as anthropology and linguistics. In the course of developing these historical points, this book also shows that Herder and his tradition are in many ways superior to dominant trends Trade ReviewThis is a hugely important book. First, it shows that Herder was not only the inventor of modern social anthropology but also of modern hermeneutics, philosophy of language and translation theory; second, it shows that Herder is superior to more recent philosophy of language. * Michael Mack, Times Higher Education *Michael Forster's two interconnected books... are vigorous and innovative invitations to look at matters quite differently... the two books offer the most philosophically sustained, searching, and convincing account of Herder's philosophical achievement to date... After Herder and German Philosophy of Language are books to be reckoned with and will amply repay the most serious attention from historians of philosophy, philosophers of language, and social theorists. * Fred Rush, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews *Table of ContentsPART I: HERDER; PART II: HAMANN; PART III: SCHLEIERMACHER

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Book SynopsisMichael Forster here presents a ground-breaking study of German philosophy of language in the nineteenth century (and beyond). His previous book, After Herder, showed that the eighteenth-century philosopher J.G. Herder played the fundamental role in founding modern philosophy of language, including new theories of interpretation (''hermeneutics'') and translation, as well as in establishing such whole new disciplines concerned with language as anthropology and linguistics. This new volume reveals that Herder''s ideas continued to have a profound impact on such important nineteenth-century thinkers as Friedrich Schlegel (the leading German Romantic), Wilhelm von Humboldt (a founder of linguistics), and G.W.F. Hegel (the leading German Idealist). Forster shows that the most valuable ideas about language in this tradition were continuous with Herder''s, whereas deviations from the latter that occurred tended to be inferior. This book not only sets the historical record straight but also cTable of ContentsPART I: SCHLEGEL; PART II: HUMBOLDT; PART III: HEGEL; PART IV: AND BEYOND

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Book SynopsisGraham Priest presents an original exploration of philosophical questions concerning the one and the many. He covers a wide range of issues in metaphysics--including unity, identity, grounding, mereology, universals, being, intentionality, and nothingness--and deploys the techniques of paraconsistent logic in order to offer a radically new treatment of unity. Priest brings together traditions of Western and Asian thought that are usually kept separate in academic philosophy: he draws on ideas from Plato, Heidegger, and Nagarjuna, among other philosophers.Trade ReviewA bracingly original treatise. The breadth and boldness of this work, as well as its technical rigor and historical sensitivity are very much to be admired. * Michael Price, Mind *If you are looking for a book doing something genuinely innovative, doing it with rigor, clarity, and a deep sensitivity to the breadth of philosophical tradition, then One is one for you. * Jason Turner, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews Online *In just 230 pages, One is a dense, remarkably clear, and unique treatment of a wide-range of topics in philosophy. What unifies the book is the topic of what unifies objects generally -- what Priest calls 'gluon theory' -- and allied themes in Buddhist thought. Gluon theory answers the question, What makes something one? What is it that 'glues' an object together into a unity? The impressive number of topics brought together by Priest's answer, which prominently services the fringe views for which he is well-known, speaks to its power and elegance. For this reason, One could also serve as a panoramic introduction to Priestâs work generally. * C. A. McIntosh, Philosophy in Review *Table of ContentsPART I: UNITY; PART II: IN PLATO'S TRAJECTORY; PART III: BUDDHIST THEMES

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Book SynopsisThis volume, first published in 1954, is one of three presenting the correspondence of David Hume, one of the great men of the eighteenth century. It complements J. Y. T. Greig''s two-volume Letters of David Hume, first published in 1932. Klibansky and Mossner brought together letters from 1737 to 1776, discovered after the publication of Greig''s edition. Hume''s correspondents in this volume include such famous thinkers and public figures as Adam Smith, James Boswell, and Benjamin Franklin. The edition offers a rich picture of the man and his age, and is a uniquely valuable resource to anyone with an interest in early modern thought.Table of ContentsList of Letters ; Introduction ; Principles of the Edition ; Life and Works of Hume ; List of Abbreviations ; Letters ; Appendixes ; Index of Persons ; Index of Books and Subjects

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Book SynopsisThe Development of Ethics is a selective historical and critical study of moral philosophy in the Socratic tradition, with special attention to Aristotelian naturalism, its formation, elaboration, criticism, and defence. It discusses the main topics of moral philosophy as they have developed historically, including: the human good, human nature, justice, friendship, and morality; the methods of moral inquiry; the virtues and their connexions; will, freedom, and responsibility; reason and emotion; relativism, subjectivism, and realism; the theological aspect of morality. This volume examines ancient and medieval philosophy up to the sixteenth century; Volumes 2 and 3 will continue the story up to Rawls''s Theory of Justice. The present volume begins with Socrates, the Cyrenaics and Cynics, and Plato, and then offers a fuller account of Aristotle, stressing the systematic naturalism of his position. The Stoic position is compared with the Aristotelian at some length; Epicureans and SceptTrade ReviewReview from previous edition A remarkable work of scholarship. Very few philosophers could produce a work of such scale and such erudition. Professor Irwin has studied his chosen authors with minute precision, and has read exhaustively in the secondary literature. Sources are conscientiously recorded and ample quotations provided in footnotes. The treatment of controversial issues is always balanced, and the eventual verdicts are always judicious ... This book is a monument of erudition and patience, and gives promise of similar virtues in the forthcoming successor volume. * Anthony Kenny, Times Literary Supplement *For it truly is a great book, and I doubt that we will see a history of ethics similar in scope and ambition for some time to come. * Mark Eli Kalderon, Ethics *Para concluir, é preciso enfatizar a erudição, a clareza, a elegância com que os argumentos são apresentados e, sobretudo, a excepcional fecundidade que eles possuem para o debate sobre os destinos da ética como disciplina filosófica. Os estudos acadêmicos em ética e, em geral, em filosofia encontrarão nesta obra uma referência segura e uma fonte importante de freeiração e direção. * Marco Zingano, Journal of Ancient Philosophy *Development ... provides the novice in ethics with a challenging introduction to moral philosophical thinking and the more experienced scholar with a host of bold yet clear positions that invite philosophical consideration and reflection. We can look forward to more of the same in the upcoming volumes that continue and conclude Irwin's extensive project. * Dimitrios Dentsoras, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews *Table of ContentsPreface ; Abbreviations ; I. Introduction ; II. Socrates ; III. Cyrenaics ; IV. Cynics ; V. Plato ; VI. Aristotle: Happiness ; VII. Aristotle: Nature ; VIII. Aristotle: Virtue ; IX. Aristotle: Virtue and Morality ; X. Scepticism ; XI. Epicurus ; XII. Stoicism: Action, Passion, and Reason ; XIII. Stoicism: Virtue and Happiness ; XIV. Christian Theology and Moral Philosophy ; XV. Augustine ; XVI. Aquinas: Will ; XVII. Aquinas: Action ; XVIII. Aquinas: Freedom ; XIX. Aquinas: The Ultimate End ; XX. Aquinas: Moral Virtue ; XXI. Aquinas: Natural Law ; XXII. Aquinas: Practical Reason and Prudence ; XXIII. Aquinas: The Canon of Virtues ; XXIV. Aquinas: Sin and Grace ; XXV. Scotus: Will, Freedom, and Reason ; XXVI. Scotus: Virtue and Practical Reason ; XXVII. Ockham ; XXVIII. Machiavelli ; XXIX. The Reformation and Scholastic Moral Philosophy ; Bibliography ; Index

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Book SynopsisThis book is a selective historical and critical study of moral philosophy in the Socratic tradition, with special attention to Aristotelian naturalism. It discusses the main topics of moral philosophy as they have developed historically, including: the human good, human nature, justice, friendship, and morality; the methods of moral inquiry; the virtues and their connexions; will, freedom, and responsibility; reason and emotion; relativism, subjectivism, and realism; the theological aspect of morality. The first volume discusses ancient and mediaeval moral philosophy. The second volume examines early modern moral philosophy from the 16th to the 18th century. This third volume continues the story up to Rawls''s Theory of Justice.A comparison between the Kantian and the Aristotelian outlook is one central theme of the third volume. The chapters on Kant compare Kant both with his rationalist and empiricist predecessors and with the Aristotelian naturalist tradition. Reactions to Kant areTrade ReviewFor it truly is a great book, and I doubt that we will see a history of ethics similar in scope and ambition for some time to come. * Mark Eli Kalderon, Ethics *Table of Contents66. Kant: Practical Laws ; 67. Kant: From Practical Laws to Morality ; 68. Kant: Some objections and replies ; 69. Kant: Freedom ; 70. Kant: From Freedom to Morality ; 71. Kant: Morality and the good ; 72. Kant: Meta-ethical questions ; 73. Hegel: History and Theory ; 74. Hegel: Morality and beyond ; 75. Marx and Idealist Moral Theory ; 76. Schopenhauer ; 77. Kierkegaard ; 78. Nietzsche ; 79. Mill: Earlier Utilitarianism and its Critics ; 80. Mill: A revised version of utilitarianism ; 81. Sidgwick: Methods and Sources ; 82. Sidgwick: The Examination of Methods ; 83. Sidgwick's Axioms of Morality ; 84. Bradley ; 85. Green ; 86. Moore ; 87. Ross ; 88. Logical Empiricism and Emotivism ; 89. Lewis ; 90. Hare: A defence of non-cognitivism ; 91. Existentialism ; 92. Revivals of Non-Cognitivism ; 93. Objectivity and its Critics ; 94. Versions of Naturalism ; 95. Rawls: The just, the fair, and the right ; 96. Rawls: The right and the good

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Book SynopsisDiotima's Children is the first comprehensive re-examination of the rationalist tradition of aesthetics as it prevailed in Germany in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. This tradition is of the greatest historical importance because it gave birth to modern aesthetics, art criticism, and art history.Trade ReviewThis book represents a revolution in the historiography of German aesthetics and philosophy, shaped and canonized since Kant and Hegel. However, its provocative statements are simply the result of carefully rereading the long-dismissed pre-Kantian thinkers and of trying to understand them from the perspective of the questions which originally motivated their thinking. The result is the most informative and comprehensive presentation of German aesthetics and philosophy from Leibniz to Kant available today, one that can finally replace Beck's Kant and his Predecessors. * Ursula Goldenbaum, Journal of the History of Philosophy *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Reappraising Aesthetic Rationalism ; 1. Leibniz and the Roots of Aesthetic Rationalism ; 2. Wolff and the Birth of Aesthetic Rationalism ; 3. Gottsched and the Highnoon of Rationalism ; 4. The Poets' War ; 5. Baumgarten's Science of Aesthetics ; 6. Winckelmann & Neo-Classicism ; 7. Mendelssohn's Defense of Reason ; 8. Lessing and Aesthetic Rationalism ; Bibliography

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Book SynopsisAlthough it is widely recognized that David Hume''s A Treatise of Human Nature (1729-40) belongs among the greatest works of philosophy, there is little aggreement about the correct way to interpret his fundamental intentions.The solution to this riddle depends on challenging another, closely related, point of orthodoxy: namely, that before Hume published the Treatise he removed almost all material concerned with problems of religion. Russell argues, contrary to this view, that irreligious aims and objectives are fundamental to the Treatise and account for its underlying unity and coherence. It is Hume''s basic anti-Christian aims and objectives that serve to shape and direct both his skeptical and naturalistic commitments. When Hume''s arguments are viewed from this perspective we can solve, not only puzzles arising from his discussion of various specific issues, we can also explain the intimate and intricate connections that hold his entire project together.This irreligious interpretTrade ReviewThis book is a triumph and a model for work in the history of philosophy. It offers a powerful reading of the Treatise and of Hume's intentions in writing it, while also correcting common misunderstandings about Hume's place in early modern thought. It deserves to be read by anyone interested in Hume or in early modern philosophy. * Colin Heydt, Journal of the History of Philosophy *Paul Russell has given us a marvelously good book... [He] offers original and compelling accounts of the irreligious implications of central arguments of the Treatise on an impressive range of topics... it should never again be claimed that the Treatise is largely unconcerned with questions of religion. * Don Garrett, Philosophical Review *Russell's... book presents a powerful, comprehensive, and elegantly written case for putting 'irreligion' alongside - and even above - 'scepticism' and 'naturalism' as a pervasive theme not only of Hume's later work, but also of his Treatise. * Peter Millican, Faculty of Philosophy, Hertford College, Oxford University *This is a terrific tome ... Why is this book so important? Quite simply, this is one of the best contextualist studies of Hume's A Treatise of Human Nature ever written. To elaborate a bit, this book provides a unique and fascinating interpretation of the Treatise by relating its structure and content to many of the most influential debates about religion raging at Hume's time ... one of the best books on Hume I have ever read * Kevin Meeker, Mind *Table of ContentsABBREVIATIONS OF HUME'S WRITINGS USED IN CITATIONS; I. RIDDLES, CRITICS, AND MONSTERS: TEXT AND CONTEXT; II. THE FORM AND FACE OF HUME'S SYSTEM; III. THE NATURE OF HUME'S UNIVERSE; IV. THE ELEMENTS OF VIRTUOUS ATHEISM; V. HUME'S PHILOSOPHY OF IRRELIGION; APPENDIX: CATO'S SPEECH AT THE ORACLE OF AMMON; NOTES; BIBLIOGRAPHY; INDEX

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Book SynopsisFrom Greek antiquity to the latest theories, this historical survey of political philosophy not only covers the major thinkers in the field but also explores the theme of how political philosophy relates to the nature of man. It illustrates how the great political thinkers have always grounded their political thought in what the author terms a ''normative anthropology'', which typically has not only ethical but metaphysical and/or theological components. Starting with the ancient Greek Sophists, author Michael J. White examines how thinkers over the centuries have approached such political and philosophical concerns as justice, morality, and human flourishing, offering substantial studies of-among others-Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau, Marx, and J. S. Mill. White highlights the impact of Christianity on political philosophy, illustrating the diversity of that impact by studies of Augustine, Aquinas, and Marsilius of Padua. Concluding with an in-depth analysis of JohnTrade Review"This book is a challenging book, in the best sense. White's central thesis, while controversial, is nevertheless important, consistently argued -- both historically and philosophically, and presented in a thoroughly engaging manner."--Philosophy in Review "A masterpiece of clear thinking, this well-written text will challenge many to reflect more closely on matters often too quickly decided. The result is more than one might ever have expected of an introductory text of this size; indeed a better introduction to the subject is hard to imagine."--Alastair Hannay, University of OsloTable of ContentsAcknowledgments and Preface to Second Edition ; Chapter 1. Introduction ; Politics and Human Nature ; The Idea of Human Nature or the Human Good as 'Function': Normative Anthropology ; My 'Story' of Political Philosophy-and my Cast of Characters ; Enduring Issues in Political Philosophy ; Chapter 2. Classical Greek Political Philosophy: Beginnings ; Nature or Nurture? ; Protagoras' Democratic Traditionalism ; The Functionalistic Foundation of the Political Aretai in Nature (physis) ; Glaucon's Contractarian Political Theory ; Chapter 3. Plato: Government for Corrupted Intellects ; Socrates' Polis of Pigs ; The 'Republic' of Plato's Republic ; The Human Ergon and the Purpose of Political Organization ; Furthering Rationality by Means of the Polis? ; Why Should Anyone Return to the Cave? ; Plato and 'the Rule of Law' ; Chapter 4. Aristotle: Politics as the Master Art ; The Human Good: Intellectual and Political ; Acting Correctly (eupraxia) as a Grand End? ; The Polis as a Complete Community ; The Role of Politics: The Master Art? ; Concluding Thoughts ; Chapter 5. Cicero: The Cosmic Significance of Politics ; Cicero as Champion of the Res Publica ; What is Right (ius): The Rule of Law (lex) and Normative Anthropology ; Virtues, Duties, and Laws ; Chapter 6. Christianity: A Political Religion? ; The New Testament and Beyond ; Pauline Cosmopolitanism ; The Roman Empire Christianized ; The Advent of Tempora Christiana (the Christian era) ; Chapter 7. Augustine, Aquinas and Marsilius of Padua: Politics for Saints, Sinners, and Heretics ; St. Augustine ; The Two Rationales of Augustine's City of God ; The Two Cities ; Theoretical Political Consequences ; Christians as Good Citizens of Secular States? ; St. Thomas Aquinas ; The Human Function: Nature and Praeternature ; The 'Parts' of the Eternal Law: Divine, Natural, and Human Law ; Political Forms, Procedures, and Other Particulars ; Aquinas' Political Philosophy: Some Concluding Observations ; Marsilius of Padua ; The Autonomous but Coercive Regnum (Political Community) and its Law ; The Political Wisdom and Authority of the Whole Body of Citizens (or the weightier part thereof) ; Chapter 8. Hobbes and Locke: Seventeenth-Century Contractarianism ; Thomas Hobbes: Natural Law Simplified and Modernized ; Natural Law, Natural Rights, and the Human Function ; Law, Contracts, and the 'Leviathan' ; The Civil State: Sovereigns and Subjects ; Concluding Thoughts on God and Sovereigns ; John Locke: Divinely Mandated Autonomy, Natural Rights, and Property ; Moral Knowledge and Human Motivation ; The State of Nature and the Social Contract ; Property and Liberal Political Theory: Lockean Origins ; Chapter 9. Rousseau and Marx: Reaction to Bourgeois-Liberalism ; Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Autonomous Citizens for the true Republic ; The Intertwined Development of Civilization, Corruption, and Morality ; The Social Contract and the Emile: Republics and Republican Citizens ; Politics and the Human Function ; Karl Marx: Distortion of the Human Function within the Bourgeois-Liberal State ; Political Emancipation and the Bourgeois-Liberal State ; Alienation and the Human Function ; Historical Materialism and the Coming of Communism ; Concluding Thoughts: The Cook Shops of the Future Made Present ; Chapter 10. Mill and Rawls: Liberalism Ascendant? ; John Stuart Mill: Perfectionist Liberalism ; Mill's Liberalism ; Liberty and Government ; Democratic Republicanism ; Concluding Thought on Mill and Liberalism ; John Rawls: Political (and Non-Perfectionist?) Liberalism ; Egalitarian Justice as the "First Virtue of Social Institutions": Basic Assumptions ; Rawls' Two Principles of Justice: What they Apply to and Why ; Consensus, Public Reason, and the Distinction between Citoyen and Bourgeois ; The Ultimate Justification of Rawlsian liberalism? ; Epilogue ; Notes

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Book SynopsisThe idea of the pre-existence of the soul has been extremely important, widespread, and persistent throughout Western history--from even before the philosophy of Plato to the poetry of Robert Frost. When Souls Had Wings offers the first systematic history of this little explored feature of Western culture. Terryl Givens describes the tradition of pre-existence as pre-heaven--the place where unborn souls wait until they descend to earth to be born. And typically it is seen as a descent--a falling away from a happier and untroubled state into the turbulent and sinful world we know. The title of the book refers to the idea put forward in antiquity that our souls begin with wings, and that only after shedding those wings do we fall to earth. The book not only traces the history of the idea of pre-existence, but also captures its meaning for those who have embraced it. Givens describes how pre-existence has been invoked to explain the better angels of our nature, including the human yearning for transcendence and the sublime. Pre-existence has been said to account for why we know what we should not know, whether in the form of a Greek slave''s grasp of mathematics, the moral sense common to humanity, or the human ability to recognize universals. The belief has explained human bonds that seem to have their own mysterious prehistory, salved the wounded sensibility of a host of thinkers who could not otherwise account for the unevenly distributed pain and suffering that are humanity''s common lot, and has been posited by philosophers and theologians alike to salvage the principle of human freedom and accountability. When Souls had Wings underscores how durable (and controversial) this idea has been throughout the history of Western thought, the theological dangers it has represented, and how prominently it has featured in poetry, literature, and art.Trade Reviewa rich, eloquent and informative monograph about the idea of the pre-existence of the soul in occidental thought. This is an important and instructive book about a very important idea, one that is presented sympathetically with great clarity and sweep. * Douglas Hedley, Theology *Table of ContentsPrologue ; Introduction ; 1. Ancient Near Eastern Traditions ; 2. Classical Variants ; 3. Philo to Christian Beginnings ; 4. Neo-Platonism and the Church Fathers ; 5. Augustine and the Formation of Orthodoxy ; 6. Middle Ages to the Renaissance ; 7. Cambridge Platonists and the Miltonic Heritage ; 8. The Eighteenth Century and the Cartesian Aftermath ; 9. Philosophy and Theology 1800-1900 ; 10. Romanticism and Transcendentalism 1800-1900 ; 11. Pre-Existence in the Modern Age ; 12. Parallel Paradigms ; Epilogue

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Book SynopsisSince the early 1990s, there has been a resurgence of interest in philosophy between Kant and Hegel, and in early German romanticism in particular. Philosophers have come to recognize that, in spite of significant differences between the contemporary and romantic contexts, romanticism continues to persist, and the questions which the romantics raised remain relevant today. The Relevance of Romanticism: Essays on Early German Romantic Philosophy is the first collection of essays that offers an in-depth analysis of the reasons why philosophers are (and should be) concerned with romanticism. Through historical and systematic reconstructions, the collection offers a deeper understanding and more encompassing picture of romanticism as a philosophical movement than has been presented thus far, and explicates the role that romanticism plays -- or can play -- in contemporary philosophical debates.The volume includes essays by a number of preeminent international scholars and philosophers -- KaTable of ContentsAcknowledgements ; Abbreviations ; Introduction ; Part 1. German Romanticism as a Philosophical Movement ; Chapter 1. Manfred Frank, What is Early German Romantic Philosophy? ; Chapter 2. Frederick Beiser, Romanticism and Idealism ; Part 2. History, Hermeneutics and Sociability ; Chapter 3. Karl Ameriks, History and German Romanticism ; Chapter 4. Michael N. Forster, Romanticism and Language ; Chapter 5. Kristin Gjesdal, Hermeneutics, Individuality, and Tradition: Schleiermacher's Idea of Bildung in the Landscape of Hegelian Thought ; Chapter 6. Jane Kneller, Sociability and the Conduct of Philosophy: What philosophers can learn from early German Romanticism ; Part 3. Literature, Art and Mythology ; Chapter 7. Richard Eldridge,"Doch sehnend stehst /Am Ufer du"("But longing you stand on the shore"): Holderlin, Philosophy, Subjectivity, and Finitude ; Chapter 8. Brady Bowman, On the Defense of Literary Value: From Early German Romanticism to Analytic Philosophy of Literature ; Chapter 9. Keren Gorodeisky, "No Poetry, No Reality": Schlegel, Wittgenstein, Fiction and Reality ; Chapter 10. Laure Cahen-Maurel, "A Simple Wheat Field": A New Picturing of the Sublime in Caspar David Friedrich ; Chapter 11. Bruce Matthews, The New Mythology: Romanticism Between Religion and Humanism ; Part 4. Science and Nature ; Chapter 12. Paul Redding, Mathematics, Computation, Language and Poetry: The Novalis Paradox ; Chapter 13. John H. Smith, The Romantic Calculus: Infinity, Continuity, Infinitesimal ; Chapter 14. David W. Wood, The Wissenschaftslehre as Mathematics: On a Late Fichtean Reflection of Novalis ; Chapter 15. Amanda Jo Goldstein, Irritable Figures: Romantic Philosophy of Science by way of Johann Gottfried Herder ; Chapter 16. Dalia Nassar, Romantic Empiricism after the 'End of Nature': Contributions to Environmental Philosophy

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Book SynopsisA scholarly exploration of Marx's thought without any favorable or critical ideological agendas, this book opposes the compartmentalization of Marx's thought into various competing doctrines, such as historical materialism, dialectical materialism, and different forms of economic determinism.Trade Review'...this is a much needed contribution to the debate about Marx and human nature. Its value lies not only in Tabak's account of human nature, but also in the way he resolves various problems in academic Marxism. Even those readers not interested in Marx's theory of human nature, but in Marx's theory of the state or morality, will find fresh material in Tabak's book.' - Marx & Philosophy Review of BooksTable of ContentsMarx's Conception of Human Nature: 'Is there no human nature just as there is a universal nature of plants and stars?' Historical Materialism: General Theory of History Dialectics and Historical Materialism: Determinants of the Structure Alienation: Marx's Critical Explanation and Evaluation of the Internal Structure of Bourgeois Society The State in Bourgeois Society and the Bourgeois State Justice, Rights and Alienation Marx's Critique of Ideology, Moral Positivism and Moralizing Criticism: Introduction to Critical-Revolutionary Dialectic

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Book SynopsisEriugena, Berkeley and the Idealist Tradition is a collection of original essays presented at an international conference held in Dublin in 2002 and subsequently revised in light of discussions at the conference. As Stephen Gersh and Dermot Moran explain in their introduction, this book asks the question: What do philosophers mean by idealism? According to Gersh and Moran, the question of idealism is a difficult one, not only because of the historical complexity of the term idealism as they have sketched it but also because understanding of the phenomenon is dependent upon the observer''s own philosophical persuasion. The essays in this volume take up the question of idealism in the history of philosophy from Plato, through late ancient and medieval thought, to Berkeley, Kant, and Hegel. Although there are obvious discontinuities among these versions of idealism, the degree of continuity is sufficient to justify a reexamination of the entire question.The contributors cTrade Review"This is a very rich volume and constitutes a good starting point for a discussion of the multiple meanings of 'idealism.' In particular, it teaches the lesson that broad 'philosophical' definitions should be held in deep suspicion unless tied to specific contexts of discussion and specific historical periods." —Journal of the History of Philosophy“Fourteen essays trace the concept of idealism from Plato, the Roman Stoics, Plotinus, and Augustine through to Berkeley and the age of Kant and Hegel. Three papers on the ninth-century Irish writer Johannes Scottus Eriugena and on the Liber de causis, from ninth-century Baghdad, inspired by a concern to understand the common ground between medieval Neoplatonism and nineteenth-century Hegelian idealism . . . are especially instructive for medievalists.” —Medium Aevum“All fourteen essays collected in this volume are solid pieces of scholarship, and the book as a whole is a welcome addition to the ongoing debate on the role that the history of philosophy can play in enriching our conceptual apparatus by reminding us of the complexity of our philosophical tradition. The book succeeds in reminding us that idealism is a constellation of different positions.” —The Review of Metaphysics"If it is true—as Hegel and his followers have claimed—that being and truth are indissociable from history, then philosophy cannot be successful if it limits itself exclusively to investigations of individual thinkers and periods. What is at stake, ultimately, is the development of Western thought as a whole. In this volume, a fine international group of scholars investigate the meaning of idealism across the ages. Without sacrificing nuance, their contributions show that a core of shared assumptions characterizes idealist philosophies. The historical dialogue which this volume advances emphasizes the relevance of ancient and medieval thinkers for the current debate, but it also challenges us to place modern representatives of idealism—such as Berkeley, Kant, and Hegel—in historical perspective." —Philipp W. Rosemann, University of Dallas"This is a rich, subtle, thought-provoking collection on central, though neglected topics in idealism and its history, offering fresh and important insights into both familiar and less familiar major figures, views, and issues. Most important, perhaps, are its presentation and assessment of non-subjective forms of idealism, as well as mind-dependence forms of idealism prior to Descartes. Contemporary philosophers have become sophisticated about various forms of realism, anti-realism and irrealism. Such discussions, among others, will benefit significantly by accepting this volume’s invitation to become more sophisticated about idealism as well. This very welcome contribution to the literature should find a broad readership." —Kenneth R. Westphal, University of East Anglia

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Book SynopsisThe Roman philosopher Boethius (c. 480-524) is best known for the Consolation of Philosophy, one of the most frequently cited texts in medieval literature. In the Consolation, an unnamed Boethius sits in prison awaiting execution when his muse Philosophy appears to him. Her offer to teach him who he truly is and to lead him to his heavenly home becomes a debate about how to come to terms with evil, freedom, and providence. The conventional reading of the Consolation is that it is a defense of pagan philosophy; nevertheless, many readers who accept this basic argument find that the ending is ambiguous and that Philosophy has not, finally, given the prisoner the comfort she had promised.In The Prisoner''s Philosophy, Joel C. Relihan delivers a genuinely new reading of the Consolation. He argues that it is a Christian work dramatizing not the truths of philosophy as a whole, but the limits of pagan philosophy in particular. He views iTrade Review“Going beyond the stance that the Consolation has merely some latent religious convictions, Relihan argues that Boethius is using the resources of Menippean satire to show the limits of pagan philosophy and the need to turn to prayer instead… The present volume is a masterful re-thinking of a classic text that rightfully has an honored place in the philosophical canon. Its thesis is carefully argued and richly deserves a scholarly hearing.” —Journal of the History of Philosophy“Relihan develops the innovative interpretation of Boethius's Consolation of Philosophy that he previously advanced in his Ancient Menippean Satire and elsewhere. . . . Although Relihan's conclusions will be considered radical by many, he offers thoughtful approaches for examining some of the difficulties of the Consolation.” —Choice“Relihan contends that the Consolation is a Menippean satire, which explains its failure in achieving its surface goals, and that the true intention of the work is to temper the arguments of philosophy with Christian sentiments, expressed in biblical allusions at crucial junctures, with liturgical language, and with an emotional and devotional stance.” —Research Book News“. . . a detailed, comprehensive, yet approachable synthesis of the broader philosophical, literary, and historical sources and context of Boethius’s most well-known work. It argues that the Consolation belongs decisively to the genre of Menippean satire, a genre whose primary function, Relihan argues, is to uncover the limits of theoretical knowledge.” —Bryn Mawr Classical Review“Professor Relihan’s The Prisoner’s Philosophy: Life and Death in Boethius’s Consolation has two central theses. The first is that Boethius’s swan song is an important, coherent, complex, and misunderstood philosophical work. The second is that the Consolation is the work of a Christian philosopher, who writes as a Christian.” —American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly“Relihan’s book argues that the Consolation is Menippean satire, a parody of both philosophy and the form of consolation. There is much to admire in this complex and literarily sophisticated reading. The connections it makes—not just to Job but to Matthew’s gospel, to Plato’s Crito, to the book of Esther, and to the Odyssey—appreciably deepen our understanding of the Consolation.” —Religious Studies Review“This text will become one of the most important critical sources for study on the Menippean problem. . . . Relihan makes an important and compelling argument for paying attention to the narrative of the Consolation. . . . Relihan does a valuable service to the reading and teaching of the Consolation. He brings a sense of excitement and even suspense to the text.” —Speculum“Acknowledging that the Consolation of Philosophy is ‘over-familiar and under-read,’ Joel Relihan puts to the side old bromides about the work and instead pays careful attention to the narrative(s) Boethius constructs, grounding his readings in the contexts the work cultivates, especially its Menippean elements. The result is perhaps the first satisfying reading of the Consolation to be produced, a satisfaction felt also in the ways Relihan mirrors Boethius himself in the thoroughness of his scholarship and the elegance of his exposition. No one who studies Boethius will be able to ignore this book.“ —Joseph Pucci, Brown University"Anyone who has been fascinated, intrigued, or perhaps puzzled by the meaning, structure or argument of Boethius' Consolation of Philosophy will find Joel Relihan's new book, The Prisoner's Philosophy: Life and Death in Boethius' Consolation, a welcome addition to the study of this core text of the early medieval world whose influence extends to the present time. Relihan lays out his thesis with scholarly rigor and insight as he argues that the Consolation is a Christian work written to expose the limitations of pagan philosophy but that it is also to be read in the context of the literary genre of the Menippean satire. In other words, the Consolation is philosophic even as it is ironic, erudite even as it is playful. Relihan's study is a tour de force that belongs in the library of all those who appreciate Boethius' depth and subtlety. Fortune's wheel has indeed turned in the favor of those who wish to explore with Relihan the intricacies and brilliance of the Consolation." —Fr. John Fortin, O.S.B., Saint Anselm College“The Prisoner’s Philosophy is an excellent work both of scholarship and of communication in support of a provocative thesis. Relihan and Heise present the Consolation as a new beginning for philosophy within a Christian context—a beginning only rarely appreciated since it enlists philosophy in aid of human affairs and resists the lure of an other worldly escape. Boethius not only despoiled Cynics, Satirists and Neoplatonists of their gold, but also crafted out of it a new Christian realism. Through a close reading of the text and of its reception, Relihan and Heise attend to the challenge that Boethius’ Christian vision and literary genius posed to rationalist conceptions throughout the Middle Ages.” —Paul LaChance, College of Saint Elizabeth

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Book SynopsisPhilosophers of all sorts will be richly rewarded by reading John O’Callaghan’s new book, Thomistic Realism and the Linguistic Turn. Based on his broad knowledge of Aristotle and Aquinas, O’Callaghan provides not only an excellent treatment of Aquinas’s epistemology but also a superb demonstration of just how Aquinas might contribute to contemporary debates.Trade Review"This is a magnificent tour de force that engages head-on the attacks upon (and defence of) mental representationalism as the dominant epistemology of the modern period. . . this work constitutes the closest approximation currently available to a definitive 'map of the territory' of Anglo-American analytic epistemology, its fatal affiliation to the Cartesian theory of ideas, and a most persuasive argument for the distinctness of the Aristotelian-Thomist approach. . . splendid achievement. . ." —The Heythrop Journal". . . an important and useful book. . . the book renders a valuable service from Thomistic resources to contemporary thinkers struggling with the perennial problems of realism. . ." —Theological Studies". . . a helpful survey of claims and arguments, as well as the presentation of a certain approach to an interconnected set of problems." —The Philosophical Quarterly“O’Callaghan offers an interpretation of Aquinas that is simultaneously traditional and innovative. [This] book undertakes a worthy effort to revitalize the traditional interpretation of Aquinas’s theory of cognition so that it can engage the contemporary debate about the relationship of language and thought to the world. His argument is timely. . . and it makes an important contribution to the field.” —The Thomist“. . . this remarkable book will enlighten and delight all who are interested in the questions and the authors with whom it deals.” —Pro Ecclesia"O'Callaghan writes as a passionate, penetrating, and faithful reader of St. Thomas. Thomists will have no difficulty recognizing the basic theses, but they will profit by following the careful development of these theses in dialogue with a number of contemporary philosophers." —Review of Metaphysics

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisThis text discusses the passion for ideology among 19th- and 20th-century Russian intellectuals and the development of sophisticated critiques of ideology by a continuing minority of Russian thinkers who were inspired by liberalism.

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Book SynopsisPhilosophy in the late 17th century was a dangerous business. No careerist could afford to know the reclusive philosopher Baruch de Spinoza. Gottfried Leibniz became obsessed with Spinoza's writings and called on Spinoza in person at his home. This work is a philosophical romance of attraction and repulsion, greed and virtue, religion and heresy.Trade Review"'... gripping... the best current untechnical introduction to the lives and philosophies of the two men. Stewart does it in very agreeable prose, and what he says rests on a sound bottom of historical and philosophical scholarship, so lightly worn that one is not conscious of the skill that has gone into making the epoch and its seminal ideas accessible. The result is a thoroughly good book, hard to put down for anyone interested in the great story of the Western intellectual tradition.' A C Grayling, Literary Review 'Stewart lays the ground for a new genre: rigorous, readable intellectual history for the reader who would never buy a work of pure philosophy, but wants to know why people think the way they do.' The Economist 'Stewart has written an elegant and erudite book about these two antithetical yet related figures... superbly elegant and intelligent prose' Edward Skidelsky, The Saturday Telegraph 'A sprightly and enlightening biography... this is an exhilaratingly epic canvas. The philosophy of creation and substance might sound like hard going, but Stewart's writing has huge panache... philosophy exuberantly rooted in history, grabbing you by the lapels and making sure that you know why you are being dragged round the backstreets of The Hague and up the front of the Leineschloss in Hanover. You will not regret the visits.' - Diarmaid MacCulloch, The Guardian 'For the most part, all philosophers have to worry about today is boring their audience. This is certainly not a problem for Matthew Stewart's book... a compelling adventure.' Nicholas Fearne, The Independent"

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Book SynopsisWittgenstein's Copernican Revolution is concerned with how one is to conceive of the relation between language and reality without embracing Linguistic Realism and without courting any form of Linguistic Idealism either. It argues that this is precisely what Wittgenstein does and also examines some well known contemporary philosophers who have been concerned with this same question.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Introduction Realism and its Rejection: Wittgenstein's Copernican Revolution The Dangers of Rejecting Realism: Linguistic Idealism Wittgenstein and Linguistic Idealism Bernard Williams: Wittgenstein and Idealism Bernard Williams: a Sophisticated Realism G.E.M.Anscome: Was Wittgenstein a Linguistic Idealist? Cora Diamond: Wittgenstein and the Realistic Spirit Hilary Putnam: Metaphysical and Internal Realism Hilary Putnam: Ethics and Reality Conclusion: Reality and Human Life Notes Index Bibliography

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Book SynopsisGeorge Edward Moore’s Principia Ethica is recognised as the definitive starting point for 20th century ethical theory. Known to influence the thinking of Russell, Wittgenstein, Ryle and Keynes to mention but a few, understanding this key work in 20th C ethics is essential, and made achievable in this Briefly guide.

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Book SynopsisA worthy companion of the author's The Revolt of the Masses. Both books are marked by the brilliance, originality, and depth of the author's interpretation of the crisis of our age and of the basic historical processes. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

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Book SynopsisA seminal biography, essential reading for anyone studying the philosophy of history's most enigmatic and fascinating thinker.

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Book SynopsisIntent upon letting the reader experience the pleasure and intellectual stimulation in reading these classic authors, the How to Read series provides a context and an explanation that will facilitate and enrich your understanding of texts vital to the canon.

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Book SynopsisWhy is postmodernist discourse so biased against the Enlightenment? Indeed, postmodern theory challenges the validity of the rational basis of modern historical scholarship and the Enlightenment itself. Rather than avoiding this conflict, the contributors to this vibrant collection return to the philosophical roots of the Enlightenment, and do not hesitate to look at them through a postmodernist lens, engaging issues like anti-Semitism, Utopianism, colonial legal codes, and ideas of authorship. Dismissing the notion that the two camps are ideologically opposed and thus incompatible, these essays demonstrate an exciting new scholarship that confidently mixes the empiricism of Enlightenment thought with a strong postmodernist skepticism, painting a subtler and richer historical canvas.Trade Review"This superb collection not only provides original and important perspectives on many aspects of eighteenth century thought; it also insists, passionately and provocatively, that the Enlightenment could speak to the drama and frustrations of the human condition more cogently than the philosophy of our own day. The contributors engage lucidly and critically with postmodernism, making keen use of its important insights, but sternly deflating the widespread misconceptins it has engendered about its intellectual predecessors. Few readers will agree with everything said here. But all readers will find something to make them stop, and ponder, and reflect." -- David A.Bell,Professor ofHistory, John Hopkins University"This much-needed collection of essays explodes postmodernism's ignorant prejudices about the Enlightenment and restores that great intellectual movement to its proper place as the source of the modern Enlightenment fashion, the essays are vigorously argued and lucidly written. An Outstanding book." -- PaulRobinson, Professor of History, Stanford UniversityTable of ContentsIntroduction, Daniel Gordon; Chapter 1 Montesquieu in the Caribbean, Malick W. Ghachem; Chapter 2 Man in the Mirror, Arthur Goldhammer; Chapter 3 An Eighteenth-Century Time Machine, Daniel Rosenberg; Chapter 4 Virtuous Economies, Elena Russo; Chapter 5 Rationalizing the Enlightenment, Ronald Schechter; Chapter 6 Writing the History of Censorship in the Age of Enlightenment, Sophia Rosenfeld; Chapter 7 Reproducing Utopia, Alessa Johns; Chapter 8 The Pre-Postmodernism of Carl Becker, Johnson Kent Wright; Chapter 9 Foucault, Nietzsche, Enlightenment, Louis Miller; Chapter 10 On the Supposed Obsolescence of the French Enlightenment, Daniel Gordon;

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Book SynopsisMarkus Gabriel is Chair in Epistemology and Modern and Contemporary Philosophy at the University of Bonn, Germany. He has published a number of books and journal articles in German, including Der Mensch im Mythos (De Gruyter, 2006), Das Absolute und die Welt in Schellings Freiheitsschrift (Bonn University Press, 2006) and Skeptizismus und Idealismus in der Antike (Suhrkamp, 2009) and is also co-author, with Slavoj Zizek, of Mythology, Madness and Laughter (Continuum, 2009)Table of ContentsIntroduction \ Chapter 1: The Ontology of Knowledge \ i. Schelling, Hegel, and the Metaphysical Truth of Skepticism \ ii. Absolute Identity and Reflection: Kant, Hegel, McDowell \ iii. The Pathological Structure of Representation As Such: Hegel's Anthropology \ Chapter 2: Schelling's Ontology of Freedom \ i. Unprethinkable Being and the Event: The Concept of Being in late Schelling and late Heidegger \ ii. Belated Necessity: God, Man and Judgment in Schelling's Late Philosophy \ Chapter 3: Contingency or Necessity? Schelling vs. Hegel \ i. The Dialectic of the Absolute: Hegel's Critique of Transcendent Metaphysics \ ii. The Spielraum of Contingency: Schelling and Hegel on the Modal Status of Logical Space \ Notes \ Bibliography \ Index.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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