Petrology, petrography and mineralogy Books
Dorling Kindersley Ltd The Science of the Earth
Book SynopsisAstonishing, studio-quality photographs of beautiful objects and specimens bring every corner of the planet, from core to atmosphere, to the printed pageElegant design combined with beautiful images to explore and explain Earth's natural riches. This is an informative, visually arresting introduction to planet Earth. The core of the book features large, detailed photographs of single objects, many of them small enough to be held in the hand, that each speak volumes about an aspect of Earth's environments and how they work. For example, bubbles of ancient air trapped inside an Antarctic ice core reveal how Earth's climate has changed over time. A piece of pumice thrown several miles into the air by a volcano helps to explain what happens when tectonic plates collide. The book is structured around an imaginary journey that takes the reader from the inner core to Earth's surface (including both land and oceans) and up to the top of the atmosphere. Taking in environments such as grassl
£24.00
Dorling Kindersley Ltd The Crystal and Gems From Mythical Properties to
Book SynopsisDiscover the history of precious, semi-precious, and organic gemstones, their scientific properties, their mythical powers, and their traditional uses.Humans have been beguiled and fascinated by gemstones and crystals since prehistory, and made use of them for everything from currency and ceremonial decoration to tokens of love or power. But why have some been considered more significant than others - rare or otherwise? Learn all about the key characteristics of precious and semi-precious stones, and discover the science behind some of their more unusual and mysterious properties, and the various ways in which they have taken on powerful symbolic meanings. How did the Vikings use iolite to help them steer their ships, for example? Why did the Ancient Greeks and Romans believe that sardonyx could protect them in battle?Dive deep into the pages of this curated crystal book to discover:- A quirky and compelling angle on the subject of cryst
£11.69
John Wiley & Sons Inc The Field Description of Igneous Rocks
Book SynopsisThe Second Edition of this unique pocket field guide has been thoroughly revised and updated to include the advances in physical volcanology, emplacement of magmas and interpreting structures and textures in igneous rocks. New techniques include AMS and geophysical studies of pluton shape at depth.Trade Review“The reader will return repeatedly to the excellent sketches and tables throughout the book, and the "how to” sections provide some memorable highlights.” (PESGB, 1 January 2014) “A second edition of The Field Description of Igneous Rocks has been long overdue, and the authors are to be commended for reproducing an excellent and comprehensively revised version.” (Geological Journal, 1 January 2013) “Overall, if you are examining igneous rocks in the field or studying an OU course then, yes, I would recommend this book.” (Open University Geological Society Journal, 1 November 2012) “To be fair, the authors of this book have undertaken an incredibly difficult task. They succeed at reaching the novice audience but fall a bit short when it comes to more experienced mapping geologists.” (Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, 1 November 2012) "This book is certain to be of use to all geological students and enthusiasts interested in studying igneous geology in the field." (American Mineralogist, 2012) "As a pocket field guide, the book, because of its size, sometimes undersells the fantastic images it contains, but as a whole, it is a welcome, useful resource. Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates." (Choice, 1 October 2011)Table of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgements xv 1 Introduction and Occurrence 1 1.1 The Importance of Fieldwork 1 1.2 The Global Picture – Igneous Rocks in Relation to Regional Tectonics 2 1.3 Mode of Occurrence of Igneous Bodies 4 1.4 Summary 11 2 Field Skills and Outcrop Structures 15 2.1 Equipment 15 2.2 Preparing Maps and Basic Mapping 16 2.3 Notebooks and Data Recording 17 2.4 Primary Outcrop Structures 18 2.5 Secondary or Late Stage Outcrop Structures 28 2.6 Outcrop Contact Relationships 32 2.7 Summary of Igneous Outcrop Descriptions 33 3 Igneous Textures and Classification 37 3.1 Describing Rock Types 37 3.2 Colour and Composition 38 3.3 Texture, Grain-Size/Shape and Fabric 43 3.4 Mineral Identification 49 3.5 Naming and Classification 58 4 Volcanics 1 – Lava Flows 69 4.1 Lava Flow Emplacement Mechanisms 69 4.2 A Compositional Divide for Lava Flows 71 4.3 Mafic/Basaltic Lava Flows 73 4.4 Felsic/Silicic Flows 80 4.5 Pillow Lavas and Hyaloclastites 82 5 Volcanics 2 – Pyroclastic Rocks 93 5.1 Structures, Textures and Classification 93 5.2 Pyroclastic Flows and Ignimbrites 101 5.3 Scoria Cones 108 5.4 Water/Magma and Sediment/Magma Interactions 109 5.5 Epiclastic Deposits 112 6 Shallow-Level Intrusions 119 6.1 Sill and Dykes 119 6.2 Working Out Emplacement History 124 6.3 Volcanic Plugs and Diatremes 130 6.4 Shallow-Level Subvolcanic Intrusions 133 7 Granitic Complexes 137 7.1 Introduction 137 7.2 General Features and Occurrence 137 7.3 Zoned Plutons 142 7.4 Internal Structures and Textures 145 7.5 Internal Contacts 150 7.6 Emplacement Timing 158 7.7 Distinctive Granitoid Textures 162 7.8 Metamorphic Aureoles 164 7.9 Summary of the Field Characteristics of Granitic Complexes 165 8 Mafic Complexes 171 8.1 General Features and Occurrence 171 8.2 Continental Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions 173 8.3 Ophiolite Complexes 177 8.4 Komatiites 183 8.5 Summary of the Field Characteristics of Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions 184 9 Magma Mixing and Mingling 189 9.1 Magma Rheology 189 9.2 Magma Mixing 190 9.3 Magma Mingling 192 9.4 Synplutonic Dykes and Sills 196 9.5 Magma Mingling in Subvolcanic and Volcanic Environments 200 9.6 Xenoliths 201 9.7 A Word of Warning 202 9.8 Summary 203 10 Mineralisation and Geotechnical Properties 207 10.1 Mineralisation and Key Minerals 207 10.2 Mineralisation in Layered Mafic Intrusions 209 10.3 Geotechnical Properties of Igneous Rocks 213 10.4 Rock Mass Classification 216 10.5 Summary 226 Appendix 229 Further Reading 231 Index 233
£26.55
Liverpool University Press Introducing Mineralogy
Book SynopsisPeople have been fascinated by minerals since prehistory. The attractions of minerals lie in their colours, their beautiful crystals and the discoveries of their uses and the metals that can be obtained from them. Minerals receive attention from a wide variety of people: mining executives, collectors, prospectors and scientists unravelling their molecular structure and origins. But, for someone new to mineralogy, the subject can appear to be overwhelmingly complex.In Introducing Mineralogy John Mason considers the essence of mineralogy in a clear and logical manner. The book begins with the basic chemistry of minerals and the way in which the mineral kingdom is classified. It then considers mineral occurrences, both typical, such as the minerals that largely make up common rocks like granite, and atypical, such as concentrations of rare metals in ore-deposits. The ways in which minerals are studied using microscopes and the importance of careful observation and interpretation are discussed and the topics of mineral collecting and related issues are addressed. The final chapters explore the uses of minerals, both industrial and scientific, and take a look at environmental issues associated with mineral extraction and usageLavishly illustrated in colour and complete with a glossary, the book is aimed at students embarking on courses in the Earth Sciences and at the amateur collector who wants to find out more about the colourful rocks they may find when out walking.Trade Review'The writing style is very clever, presenting concise technical information pitched at a level where even somebody with very little knowledge of science can become absorbed and learn at ease…In summary, this book does exactly what the title says: Introducing Mineralogy. It is an excellent introductory book on mineralogy, well written and covers all of the basics very well…'Mineralogical Magazine'Unlike others book about minerals, this does not provide pages of descriptions of individual minerals, for that is an area that's already well covered. Neither does it present a deep coverage of mineralogy in the style of some of the dusty old textbooks that I remember from my undergraduate days (thank goodness).What we have here is a refreshing approach to the subject from an author who knows minerals well from a collectors perspective, but who is a geology graduate - arguably the perfect person to write such a book to introduce the subject… The book is beautifully illustrated by specimens that haven't been chosen to make the book look pretty, but for good scientific reasons. I repeat that in many ways this a unique approach to the subject of mineralogy, but it is one that works and will provide anyone looking for a way in to the subject with some sound and interesting material.'Down to Earth magazine'Introducing Mineralogy is aimed at the amateur collector and anyone interested in minerals. It would also be appropriate for an introductory mineralogy class for nonscience majors. The author, John Mason, has done an outstanding job of presenting complex notions in simple terms, providing many examples to which the reader can relate. The book is divided into seven chapters, and throughout, terms defined in the exhaustive glossary are highlighted. The book is also well illustrated, with over 100 color photographs mostly illustrating examples from the UK.'ElementsTable of ContentsPrologue: a mineral prospector's tale; 1. The basics of mineralogy; 2. Typical mineral occurrences; 3. Atypical concentrations of minerals; 4. Mineral collecting: where science and leisure overlap; 5. Studying mineral assemblages and parageneses; 6. Uses of minerals; 7. Minerals and the environment. Epilogue. Glossary. Further reading and resources.
£24.50
Field Studies Council A Guide to Common Rocks: Occasional Publication
Book Synopsis
£6.73
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Mining Capital: Methods, Best-Practices and Case
Book SynopsisMining is a capital-intensive industry, and involves long lead times to develop projects that demand a structured approach, from mine exploration to exit. This book provides mine developers, investors, owners, shareholders, and mineral policymakers a comprehensive game plan to raise capital for the development of new mining projects or to bolster operational mines. The author, an experienced mining capital consultant, shows how mine developers and mine owners can secure capital in any phase of the commodity price cycle, at any site, and at any project stage. The book follows a proven and structured approach that enables mine developers and owners to successfully raise capital for their projects. With the aid of case studies and practical methods, the reader will learn the essentials on topics ranging from developing and marketing a business case for investment, to the types and sources of mining capital for different project stages, as well as the structure and significance of due diligence. The author presents actual mining projects and their funding plans, transaction structures and term sheets for capital. The mining projects discussed represent various project stages, commodities, and parts of the globe, offering a comprehensive reference guide for mine developers, investors and promoters alike. Table of ContentsCharacteristics of Mining Capital.- Developing a Mining Business Case for Investment: Methods.- Marketing the Mining Business Case: Best Practice.- Raising Mining Capital: Best Practices.- Mining Capital Case Studies.- References.
£66.49
Springer A Handbook of Silicate Rock Analysis
Book Synopsis1 Concepts in analytical chemistry.- 2 Classical and rapid methods of analysis.- 3 Optical spectrometry: principles and instrumentation.- 4 Atomic absorption spectrometry.- 5 Inductively coupled plasmaatomic emission spectrometry.- 6 Arc and spark source optical emission spectrometry.- 7 Ion-selective electrodes.- 8 X-ray fluorescence analysis: principles and practice of wavelength dispersive spectrometry.- 9 Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry.- 10 Electron probe microanalysis.- 11 Other microbeam and surface analysis techniques.- 12 Neutron activation analysis.- 13 Nuclear techniques for the determination of uranium and thorium and their decay products.- 14 Ion exchange preconcentration procedures.- 15 Gold and platinum group element analysis.- 16 Mass spectrometry: principles and instrumentation.- 17 Thermal ionization mass spectrometry.- 18 Gas source mass spectrometry.- 19 Spark source mass spectrometry.- 20 Inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry.- References.Table of Contents1 Concepts in analytical chemistry.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Terms and definitions in analytical chemistry.- 1.3 Units of measurement: the international system (SI) of units.- 1.4 Statistics.- 1.5 Detection limits.- 1.6 Sampling strategies: inhomogeneity effects.- 1.7 Contamination effects.- 1.8 Reporting analytical data.- 1.9 Standard additions calibrations.- 1.10 Rock reference materials.- 1.11 Which technique for which element?.- 2 Classical and rapid methods of analysis.- 2.1 Rock dissolution techniques: acid attack.- 2.2 Rock dissolution procedures: fusion with alkali salts.- 2.3 Classical methods of rock analysis.- 2.4 Evolution of rapid methods of analysis.- 2.5 Photometry.- 2.6 Flame photometry.- 2.7 Titrations involving ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA).- 2.8 A rapid scheme of analysis.- 2.9 Determination of ferrous iron.- 2.10 The determination of water and carbon dioxide.- 2.11 The auto-analyser.- 3 Optical spectrometry: principles and instrumentation.- 3.1 Principles.- 3.2 The nature of light.- 3.3 Atomic spectroscopy.- 3.4 The electronic structure of atoms: quantum theory.- 3.5 Spectroscopic notation for electron orbital configurations: the Russell-Saunders coupling scheme.- 3.6 The absorption of light.- 3.7 The emission of light.- 3.8 Instrumentation for optical spectroscopy.- 3.9 Monochromator.- 3.10 Optical filters.- 3.11 Slits.- 3.12 Photon detectors.- 3.13 Classical monochromator designs.- 3.14 Stray light effects.- 3.15 Errors in spectrometric measurements.- 4 Atomic absorption spectrometry.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Instrumentation.- 4.3 Properties of flames.- 4.4 Flame chemistry and atomization interferences in the flame: atomization processes in the flame.- 4.5 Instrumental and spectral interferences.- 4.6 Instrument optimization for routine analysis.- 4.7 Schemes of analysis using flame atomic absorption.- 4.8 Interference suppression.- 4.9 Detection limits.- 4.10 Routine performance.- 4.11 Electrothermal atomization.- 4.12 Atomization in the hollow graphite furnace.- 4.13 Background correction.- 4.14 Geological applications of furnace AAS.- 4.15 Cold vapour and hydride generators.- 4.16 Solid sampling and novel atomization devices.- 5 Inductively coupled plasma—atomic emission spectrometry.- 5.1 Historic development and analytical capabilities.- 5.2 The inductively coupled argon plasma.- 5.3 Nebulizers and spray chambers.- 5.4 Physical structure of the plasma.- 5.5 Temperature distribution in the plasma.- 5.6 Atomization and excitation processes.- 5.7 Interferences in the argon plasma.- 5.8 Measurement and analysis of emission spectra.- 5.9 Some instrument considerations—simultaneous ?. sequential monochromators.- 5.10 Optimizing operating parameters.- 5.11 Calibrations for ICP—AES.- 5.12 Silicate rock analysis.- 5.13 Direct current plasma—optical emission spectrometry.- 6 Arc and spark source optical emission spectrometry.- 6.1 Historical perspective.- 6.2 Instrumentation.- 6.3 Sample preparation.- 6.4 Behaviour of elements in an arc discharge.- 6.5 Simultaneous multi-element analysis.- 6.6 Conclusions.- 7 Ion-selective electrodes.- 7.1 Analytical perspective.- 7.2 Instrumentation.- 7.3 The Nernst equation.- 7.4 Interference effects: non-ideal Nernst behaviour.- 7.5 Schemes for the analysis of geological samples for fluorine.- 7.6 Determination of chlorine by ion-selective electrodes.- 7.7 Other techniques for the determination of chlorine and fluorine.- 8 X-ray fluorescence analysis: principles and practice of wavelength dispersive spectrometry.- 8.1 Analytical characteristics.- 8.2 Energy and wavelength of x-rays.- 8.3 The origin of x-ray spectra.- 8.4 Competing de-excitation routes.- 8.5 Excitation of x-ray spectra.- 8.6 Interaction of x-rays with matter.- 8.7 Matrix effects in geological samples.- 8.8 Mathematical procedures for the correction of absorption-enhancement effects.- 8.9 Instrumentation for wavelength dispersive XRF analysis.- 8.10 Experimental considerations.- 8.11 Routine operating conditions and statistical considerations.- 8.12 Performance in routine analysis.- 8.13 Concluding remarks.- 9 Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry.- 9.1 The development of energy dispersive XRF.- 9.2 The Si(Li) detector.- 9.3 Detector configuration and characteristics.- 9.4 Pulse processing electronics.- 9.5 Interaction of x-rays with the silicon detector.- 9.6 Comparison of ED and WD spectrometers.- 9.7 Silicate rock analysis by ED-XRF using direct tube excitation.- 9.8 Spectrum analysis procedures.- 9.9 Routine analysis using direct tube excitation.- 9.10 Indirect excitation methods.- 9.11 Monochromatic polarized excitation using Bragg diffraction at 2?= 90°C.- 9.12 Radioisotope excitation.- 9.13 Total reflection of primary beam.- 9.14 Concluding remarks.- 10 Electron probe microanalysis.- 10.1 The development of microprobe techniques.- 10.2 Microbeam techniques.- 10.3 Instrumentation for the electron probe microanalyser.- 10.4 Electron column design.- 10.5 Vacuum requirements.- 10.6 Interactions between the electron beam and sample: the excited volume.- 10.7 Phenomena within the excited volume.- 10.8 X-ray production.- 10.9 Matrix correction procedures.- 10.10 X-ray spectrometers.- 10.11 Calibration and routine operation.- 10.12 Energy dispersive spectrometers.- 10.13 Sample preparation requirements.- 10.14 Microprobe mineral standards.- 10.15 Routine analytical performance.- 10.16 Analysis of non-silicate minerals: uranium, thorium and rare-earth elements.- 10.17 Bulk rock analysis by electron microprobe.- 10.18 The SEM as a microprobe.- 10.19 Concluding remarks.- 11 Other microbeam and surface analysis techniques.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 The ion probe.- 11.3 The laser microprobe.- 11.4 Particle-induced x-ray emission (PIXE).- 11.5 Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA).- 11.6 Transmission electron microscopy: the chemical analysis of thin foils.- 12 Neutron activation analysis.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 The growth and decay of radioactivity.- 12.3 Radioactive decay schemes.- 12.4 Instrumentation.- 12.5 Pulse-processing electronics.- 12.6 Interaction of gamma radiation with germanium detectors.- 12.7 Typical spectrum.- 12.8 Detector characteristics.- 12.9 Practical considerations—instrumental neutron activation.- 12.10 Determination of photopeak areas.- 12.11 Other analytical considerations.- 12.12 Interferences and systematic errors.- 12.13 Routine schemes of analysis.- 12.14 Chondrite normalized abundances.- 12.15 Epithermal ?. thermal irradiations.- 12.16 Short-lived isotopes.- 12.17 Radiochemical separation procedures.- 12.18 Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis.- 12.19 Concluding remarks.- 13 Nuclear techniques for the determination of uranium and thorium and their decay products.- 13.1 Techniques for uranium/thorium determination.- 13.2 The uranium—thorium decay chain.- 13.3 Delayed neutron fission activation analysis.- 13.4 Fission track analysis.- 13.5 Other autoradiography techniques for locating and analysing specific elements in thin section.- 13.6 Gamma spectrometry.- 13.7 Alpha spectrometry.- 13.8 Secular equilibrium with particular reference to uranium/thorium disequilibrium measurements.- 13.9 Uranium and thorium series disequilibrium.- 14 Ion exchange preconcentration procedures.- 14.1 Introduction.- 14.2 Ion exchange techniques.- 14.3 Characteristics of ion exchange resins.- 14.4 Some theoretical aspects of ion exchange.- 14.5 Optimizing column separations.- 14.6 Applications of ion exchange chromatography to rare-earth element separations.- 14.7 Chelating ion exchange resins.- 14.8 Other preconcentration procedures.- 15 Gold and platinum group element analysis.- 15.1 Introduction.- 15.2 Fire assay procedures.- 15.3 Acid extraction of noble metals.- 15.4 Other methods of noble metal analysis.- 15.5 Noble metal analysis-comparisons of data.- 15.6 A note on the distribution of noble metals.- 15.7 Graphical presentation of PGE data.- 16 Mass spectrometry: principles and instrumentation.- 16.1 Introduction.- 16.2 Mass spectrometric techniques in geology.- 16.3 The ion source.- 16.4 The mass analyser.- 16.5 Resolution.- 16.6 Double-focusing mass spectrometer.- 16.7 Quadrupole mass spectrometer.- 16.8 Ion detectors.- 16.9 Vacuum requirements.- 16.10 Abundance sensitivity.- 16.11 Beam switching ?. multiple collection.- 16.12 Isotopes and mass spectra: the structure of atoms and nuclear stability.- 16.13 Mass defect phenomena.- 16.14 Radioactive isotopes in nature.- 16.15 Geochronology.- 16.16 Geochronometers of geological importance.- 17 Thermal ionization mass spectrometry.- 17.1 Introduction.- 17.2 Ion production.- 17.3 Rubidium—strontium isotope analysis.- 17.4 Neodymium—samarium isotope analysis.- 17.5 Lead, uranium and thorium isotope analysis.- 17.6 Isotope dilution.- 18 Gas source mass spectrometry.- 18.1 Geological applications.- 18.2 Instrumentation.- 18.3 The delta convention for reporting isotope data.- 18.4 Hydrogen isotope analysis.- 18.5 Carbon isotope analysis.- 18.6 Nitrogen isotope analysis.- 18.7 Oxygen isotope analysis.- 18.8 Sulphur isotope analysis.- 18.9 Noble gas analysis.- 18.10 Potassium—argon geochronometry.- 19 Spark source mass spectrometry.- 19.1 Introduction.- 19.2 Instrumentation and ion production.- 19.3 Internal standardization.- 19.4 Routine data acquisition.- 19.5 Photoplate calibration and element sensitivities.- 19.6 Applications and results.- 19.7 Future developments.- 20 Inductively coupled plasma—mass spectrometry.- 20.1 Introduction.- 20.2 Development of ICP—MS instrumentation: the plasma—mass spectrometer interface.- 20.3 The inductively coupled plasma as ion source.- 20.4 ICP-mass spectrometry instrumentation.- 20.5 Performance and applications.- 20.6 Internal standardization.- 20.7 Isotope dilution.- References.
£94.99
Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Mineral Resource Estimation
Book Synopsis1. Introduction.- 2. Statistical Tools and Concepts.- 3. Geological Controls and Block Modeling.- 4. Definition of Estimation Domains.- 5. Data Collection and Handling.- 6. Spatial Continuity.- 7. Mining Dilution.- 8. Recoverable Resources: Estimation.- 9. Recoverable Resources: Probabilistic Estimation.- 10. Recoverable Resources: Simulation.- 11. Resource Model Validations and Reconciliations.- 12. Uncertainty and Risk.- 13. Short Term Models.- 14. Case Studies.- 15. Conclusions.- Index.Table of Contents1 Introduction1.1 Objectives and Approach1.2 Scope of Resource Modeling1.3 Critical Aspects1.4 Historical Perspective1.5 References 2 Statistical Tools and Concepts2.1 Basic Concepts2.2 Probability Distributions2.3 Spatial Data Analysis2.4 Gaussian Distribution and Data Transformations2.5 Data Integration and Inference2.6 Exercises2.7 References 3 Geological Controls and Block Modeling3.1 Geological and Mineralization Controls3.2 Geologic Interpretation and Modeling3.3 Visualization3.4 Block Model Setup and Geometry3.5 Summary of Minimum, Good and Best Practices3.6 Exercises3.7 References 4 Definition of Estimation Domains4.1 Estimation Domains4.2 Defining the Estimation Domains4.3 Case Study: Estimation Domains Definition for the Escondida Mine4.4 Boundaries and Trends4.5 Uncertainties Related to Estimation Domain Definition4.6 Summary of Minimum, Good and Best Practices4.7 Exercises4.8 References 5 Data Collection and Handling5.1 Data5.2 Basics of Sampling Theory5.3 Sampling Quality Assurance and Quality Control 5.4 Variables and Data Types5.5 Compositing and Outliers5.6 Density Determinations5.7 Geometallurgical Data5.8 Summary of Minimum, Good and Best Practices5.9 Exercises5.10 References 6 Spatial Continuity6.1 Concepts6.2 Experimental Variograms and Exploratory Analysis6.3 Modeling 3-D Variograms6.4 Multivariate Case6.5 Summary of Minimum, Good and Best Practices6.6 Exercises6.7 References 7 Mining Dilution7.1 Recoverable vs. In-Situ Resources7.2 Types of Dilution and Ore Loss7.3 Volume-Variance Correction7.4 Information Effect7.5 Summary of Minimum, Good and Best Practices7.6 Exercises7.7 References 8 Recoverable Resources: Estimation8.1 Goals and Purpose of Estimation8.2 Kriging Estimators8.3 CoKriging8.4 Block Kriging8.5 Kriging Plans8.6 Summary of Minimum, Good and Best Practices8.7 Exercises8.8 References 9 Recoverable Resources: Probabilistic Estimation9.1 Conditional Distributions9.2 Gaussian-based Kriging Methods9.3 Indicator Kriging9.4 Summary of Minimum, Good and Best Practices9.5 Exercises9.6 References 10 Recoverable Resources: Simulation10.1 Simulation versus Estimation10.2 Continuous Variables: Gaussian-based Simulation10.3 Continuous Variables: Indicator-based Simulation10.4 Simulated Annealing10.5 Simulating Categorical Variables10.6 Co-simulation: Using Secondary Information and Joint Conditional Simulations10.7 Post Processing Simulated Realizations10.8 Summary of Minimum, Good and Best Practices10.9 Exercises10.10 Reference 11 Resource Model Validations and Reconciliations11.1 The Need for Checking and Validating the Resource Model11.2 Resource Model Integrity11.3 Resampling11.4 Resource Model Validation11.5 Comparisons with Prior and Alternate Models11.6 Reconciliations11.7 Summary of Minimum, Good and Best Practices11.8 Exercises11.9 References 12 Uncertainty and Risk12.1 Models of Uncertainty12.2 Assessment of Risk12.3 Resource Classification and Reporting Standards12.4 Summary of Minimum, Good and Best Practices12.5 Exercises12.6 References 13 Short Term Models13.1 Limitations of Long-term Models for Medium-term Planning13.2 Medium- and Short-term Modeling13.3 Selection of Ore and Waste13.4 Selection of Ore and Waste: Simulation-based Methods13.5 Practical and Operational Aspects of Grade Control13.6 Summary of Minimum, Good and Best Practices13.7 Exercises13.8 References 14 Case Studies14.1 The 2003 Cerro Colorado Resource Model14.2 Multiple Indicator Kriging: São Francisco Gold Deposit14.3 Modeling Escondida Norte’s Oxide Units with Indicators14.4 Multivariate Geostatistical Simulation at Red Dog Mine14.5 Uncertainty Models and Resource Classification: The Michilla Mine Case Study14.6 Grade Control at the San Cristóbal Mine14.7 Geometallurgical Modeling at Olympic Dam, South Australia14.8 References 15 Conclusions15.1 Building a Mineral Resource Model15.2 Assumptions and Limitations of the Models Used15.3 Documentation and Audit Trail Required15.4 Future Trends15.5 References Index
£75.99
Springer International Publishing AG Celebrating the International Year of Mineralogy
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£113.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG The Origin of Clay Minerals in Soils and Weathered Rocks
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£161.99
Cambridge University Press Geophysics and Geosequestration
Book SynopsisThis reference volume for academic researchers and industry practitioners provides an overview of the major geophysical techniques for monitoring underground storage of carbon dioxide from major industrial sources. Chapters by eminent researchers, illustrated with key case studies, discuss best practice for carbon management and outlooks for the future.Table of ContentsPart I. Introduction: 1. Climate change and the role of CCS in mitigation John Gale and Malcolm Wilson; 2. The role of geophysics in CCS David Lumley; 3. Goals of CO2 monitoring Thomas M. Daley and William Harbert; Part II. Geophysical Techniques: 4. Rock physics of CO2 storage monitoring in porous media Thomas M. Daley; 5. Multicomponent seismic monitoring Tom Davis and Martin Landrø; 6. Monitoring the deformation associated with the geological storage of CO2 Donald W. Vasco, Alessandro Ferretti, Alessio Rucci, Sergey V. Samsonov and Don White; 7. Gravity – surface and borehole Ola Eiken; 8. Estimating saturation and density changes caused by CO2 injection at Sleipner Martin Landrø and Mark Zumberge; 9. Electrical and electromagnetics methods Erika Gasperikova and Michael Commer; 10. Microseismic imaging of CO2 injection Shawn Maxwell; 11. Well logging Zaki Bassiouni; Part III. Case Studies: 12. CO2 storage offshore Norway Eva K. Halland; 13. Twenty years of monitoring CO2 injection at Sleipner Ola Eiken; 14. Case studies of the value of 4-D, multicomponent seismic monitoring in CO2 EOR and geosequestration Tom Davis, Scott Wehner and Trevor Richards; 15. Integrated geophysical characterization and monitoring at the aquistore CO2 storage site Don White; 16. Development and analysis of a geostatic model for shallow CO2 injection at the field research station, Southern Alberta, Canada Donald C. Lawton, Jessica Dongas, Kirk Osadetz, Amin Saeedfar and Marie Macquet; 17. Seismic and ERT 3D monitoring at the ketzin pilot storage site in Germany Christopher Juhlin, Stefan Lüth, Monika Ivandic and Peter Bergmann; 18. Time-lapse seismic analysis of the CO2 injection into the Tubåen Formation at Snøhvit Sissel Grude and Martin Landrø; 19. Illinois Basin – Decatur Project Robert A. Bauer, Robert Will, Sallie Greenberg and Steven G. Whittaker; Part IV. Summary: 20. What Next? Tom Davis, Martin Landrø and Malcolm Wilson.
£83.59
Cambridge University Press Applications of Data Assimilation and Inverse Problems in the Earth Sciences
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£104.50
Cambridge University Press Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks
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£73.14
Cambridge University Press Vulnerability and Resilience to Natural Hazards
Book SynopsisIn recent years there has been growing recognition that disaster risk cannot be reduced by focusing solely on physical hazards without considering factors that influence socio-economic impact. Vulnerability: the susceptibility to the damaging impacts of hazards, and resilience: the ability to recover, have become popular concepts in natural hazard and risk management. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the concepts of vulnerability and resilience and their application to natural hazards research. With contributions from both physical and social scientists it provides an interdisciplinary discussion of the different types of vulnerability and resilience, the links between them, and concludes with the remaining challenges and future directions of the field. Examining global case studies from the US coast to Austria, this is a valuable reference for researchers and graduate students working in natural hazard and risk reduction from both the natural and social sciences.Trade Review'Both vulnerability and resilience are 'slippery' topics that, to be useful, need extensive theorising and careful analysis. This book takes a rigourous and comprehensive approach to their definition and elaboration, thereby making a very valuable contribution to the literature in this field.' Edmund Penning-Rowsell, Middlesex University'This is an essential volume in which leading scholars from three continents grapple with vulnerability to natural hazards in a thorough, no nonsense, fact-based manner. The Enlightenment tradition lives on despite both populist and post-modern scorn for science. Quantitative and qualitative assessment methods are clearly explained; whilst recent case examples, key messages and innovative diagrams will please a wide audience.' Ben Wisner, University College London'This impressive volume provides a comprehensive overview of arguably the two most important concepts orienting contemporary research and practice regarding environmental hazards: vulnerability and resilience. With individual contributions from leading international scholars that cover diverse applications across physical, social, economic and institutional domains, this volume offers a key resource to assist scholars, students, policymakers, and citizens in better comprehending human dimensions of hazards and disasters, and in developing interventions to reduce vulnerability and foster resilience. Additionally, the volume provides synthetic insights into linkages between the vulnerability and resilience frameworks. Given the centrality of these concepts to hazards and disaster research, and to related fields, this treatment is long overdue.' Timothy Collins, University of Utah'The editors have put together an excellent and thorough set of papers that any serious student of vulnerability and resilience should consider essential reading. The chapters are nuanced in approach, do an excellent job at reviewing existing literature, and highlight important conceptual questions as well as limitations in current understanding.' David Etkin, York University, Canada'Although being widely used in both risk research and management, the concepts of vulnerability and, particularly, resilience are the subject of ongoing debate with respect to their definition as well as their operationalisation. In this intense discourse, few publications have aimed at a systematic view. Against this backdrop, the present book offers a comprehensive and multifaceted approach, and provides an important and timely contribution to the discussion on the relation between the concepts of vulnerability and resilience. Particularly the aspects of scale and time dependence will provide food for thought on their future role in science and practice.' Jakob Rhyner, United Nations University, BonnTable of Contents1. Introduction Sven Fuchs and Thomas Thaler; 2. Vulnerability: an introduction Alexander Fekete and Burrell Montz; 3. Physical vulnerability Sven Fuchs, Tim Frazier and Laura Siebeneck; 4. Social vulnerability Christopher Burton, Samuel Rufat and Eric Tate; 5. Economic vulnerability Thomas Thaler and Brenden Jongman; 6. Institutional vulnerability Maria Papathoma-Köhle and Thomas Thaler; 7. Resilience: an introduction Christopher T. Emrich and Graham A. Tobin; 8. Physical resilience Anna Bozza, Domenico Asprone and Gaetano Manfredi; 9. Social resilience Gérard Hutter and Daniel F. Lorenz; 10. Economic resilience Carlos Dionisio Pérez Blanco, David Adamson and Adam Loch; 11. Institutional resilience Samuel D. Brody and Kayode Atoba; 12. Linkages between vulnerability and resilience Susan Cutter; 13. Synthesis and conclusion Sven Fuchs and Thomas Thaler.
£66.49
Cambridge University Press Hydromagmatic Processes and PlatinumGroup Element Deposits in Layered Intrusions
Book SynopsisThe role of hydrothermal fluids during the crystallization of layered intrusions and the ore deposits they contain has long been debated. This book summarizes the evidence for fluid-crystal-liquid (hydromagmatic) interactions and their importance for the understanding of the formation of platinum-group deposits in layered intrusions. It discusses the composition of igneous fluids in mafic magmatic systems, the generation and movement of these fluids in layered intrusions, their impact in altering the mineralogy and composition of the originally precipitated assemblages, and their role in the transport of the platinum-group elements (PGE). Using examples from the Bushveld complex of South Africa and other intrusions, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the hydromagmatic model for the origin of various features of layered intrusions. It is a useful reference for academic researchers and professional geologists working on economic mineral exploration, layered igneous intrusionsTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Layered intrusions: an overview; 3. Magmatic volatiles and fluids; 4. Geochemistry of the platinum-group elements; 5. Generation and movement of bubbles and volatile fluids in a crystal-liquid mush; 6. Halogens in layered intrusions; 7. Melt and fluid inclusion evidence; 8. Pegmatoids, pipes, and potholes; 9. The effects of volatiles on mineral stability and volatile fluxing; 10. Chromatographic effects; 11. Compaction-driven stratigraphic traps and the formation of Great Dyke-type deposits; 12. Chromitites; 13. Isotopic evidence; 14. Some objections considered; References; Index.
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Springer Hightemperature Metamorphism and Crustal Anatexis 2 The Mineralogical Society Series 2
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Springer Rutleys Elements Of Mineralogy TwentySixth Edition
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Springer Rutleys Elements of Mineralogy Semiconductors 1
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Springer Petrology of Lamproites
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Springer Hydrodynamics of Oil and Gas
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Springer Undiscovered Petroleum and Mineral Resources
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Springer Nuclear Methods in Mineralogy and Geology Techniques and Applications 369
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Springer Properties of Complex Inorganic Solids 2
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Springer Sample Preparation Handbook for Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Springer Crystal Identification with the Polarizing Microscope
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Springer Mineral Reference Manual
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Springer Classical LoopinLoop Chains And Their Derivatives
Book Synopsis1 Origins and Applications of Loop-in-Loop Chains.- 2 General Information.- 3 Single Loop-in-Loop Chains (One in One, One Direction).- 4 Pinched Loop Chains (One in One, Perpendicular, One Direction).- 5 Double Loop-in-Loop Chains (One in Two, One Direction).- 6 Multidirectional Loop-in-Loop Chains (One in One, Two or More Directions; One in Two, Two or More Directions).- 7 Multiple Soldered Loop-in-Loop Chains.- 8 Multiple Woven Loop-in-Loop Chains.- 9 Clasps and Terminations.- Recommended Dowel Diameters and Wire Gauges for Basic Chain Types.- Dowel Diameter Relationships.- Troy Weights.- Alloying 22k Gold for Fused Loop Chains.- Drawing Wire.- Working in Gold.- Melting Points of Silver and Silver Solders.- Melting Points of Gold and Gold Solders.- Equipment, Tools and Supplies.- Some Sources of Equipment, Tools and Materials.Table of Contents1 Origins and Applications of Loop-in-Loop Chains.- 2 General Information.- 3 Single Loop-in-Loop Chains (One in One, One Direction).- 4 Pinched Loop Chains (One in One, Perpendicular, One Direction).- 5 Double Loop-in-Loop Chains (One in Two, One Direction).- 6 Multidirectional Loop-in-Loop Chains (One in One, Two or More Directions; One in Two, Two or More Directions).- 7 Multiple Soldered Loop-in-Loop Chains.- 8 Multiple Woven Loop-in-Loop Chains.- 9 Clasps and Terminations.- Recommended Dowel Diameters and Wire Gauges for Basic Chain Types.- Dowel Diameter Relationships.- Troy Weights.- Alloying 22k Gold for Fused Loop Chains.- Drawing Wire.- Working in Gold.- Melting Points of Silver and Silver Solders.- Melting Points of Gold and Gold Solders.- Equipment, Tools and Supplies.- Some Sources of Equipment, Tools and Materials.
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Springer Mount Etna The Anatomy of a Volcano
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Springer Granitoid Rocks 7 Topics in the Earth Sciences Series
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Springer Mineralization in the British Isles
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Springer Introduction to Clay Minerals Chemistry Origins Uses And Environmental Significance Routledge Geography and Envirmnt
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Springer Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks under the Microscope Classification textures microstructures and mineral preferred orientation
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Springer Igneous Petrogenesis A Global Tectonic Approach
Book SynopsisMagmatism and Global Tectonic Processes.- Relation of present-day magmatism to global tectonic processes.- Geochemical characteristics of igneous rocks as petrogenetic indicators.- Partial melting processes in the Earth's upper mantle.- Processes which modify the composition of primary magmas.- Magmatism at Constructive Plate Margins.- Mid-ocean ridges.- Magmatism at Destructive Plate Margins.- Island arcs.- Active Continental Margins.- Back-arc Basins.- Magmatism within Plates.- Oceanic islands.- Continental Tholeiitic Flood Basalt Provinces.- Continental Rift Zone Magmatism.- Potassic Magmatism within Continental Plates.Table of ContentsMagmatism and Global Tectonic Processes.- Relation of present-day magmatism to global tectonic processes.- Geochemical characteristics of igneous rocks as petrogenetic indicators.- Partial melting processes in the Earth’s upper mantle.- Processes which modify the composition of primary magmas.- Magmatism at Constructive Plate Margins.- Mid-ocean ridges.- Magmatism at Destructive Plate Margins.- Island arcs.- Active Continental Margins.- Back-arc Basins.- Magmatism within Plates.- Oceanic islands.- Continental Tholeiitic Flood Basalt Provinces.- Continental Rift Zone Magmatism.- Potassic Magmatism within Continental Plates.
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Springer Fluids in the Crust Equilibrium and transport properties
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Springer Mineral Surfaces 5 The Mineralogical Society Series
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Springer Rare Earth Minerals Chemistry Origin and Ore Deposits The Mineralogical Society Series
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Springer Rockforming Minerals in Thin Section
Book SynopsisA Optical Crystallography.- 1 The polarizing microscope.- 2 Orthoscopic observations.- 3 Observations under conoscopic light.- B Optical Mineralogy.- 1 Opaque minerals and substances.- 2 Optically isotropic (also pseudocubic) minerals and amorphous substances.- 3 Optically uniaxial minerals.- 4 Biaxial crystals.- C Appendices.- 1 Tables for the microscopic identification of rock-forming minerals.- 2 Diagrams for the classification of magmatic rocks.- 3 Diagrams of mineral and rock structures.Table of ContentsA Optical Crystallography.- 1 The polarizing microscope.- 1.1 Microscope components and their function.- 1.2 Accessory equipment.- 1.3 Adjustment of the microscope.- 1.3.1 Centring the condensing lens.- 1.3.2 Centring the objective.- 2 Orthoscopic observations.- 2.1 Observations with one polarizer.- 2.1.1 Light impervious (opaque) minerals and substances.- 2.1.2 Transparent minerals and substances.- 2.1.2.1 Characteristic crystal shapes.- 2.1.2.2 Cleavage.- 2.1.2.3 Colour and pleochroism.- 2.1.2.4 Refractive index: relief, chagrin, and the Becke line.- 2.2 Observations under crossed polars.- 2.2.1 Passage of light through isotropic media.- 2.2.2 Passage of light through anisotropic media.- 2.2.2.1 Birefringence and polarization.- 2.2.2.2 The indicatrix model.- 2.2.2.3 Optical character of elongation.- 2.2.2.4 Parallel, symmetric and oblique extinction.- 2.2.2.5 Twinning.- 3 Observations under conoscopic light.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Conoscopic examination of optically uniaxial crystals.- 3.2.1 Conoscopic images of uniaxial crystals in different orientations.- 3.2.2 Determination of the optical character of uniaxial crystals.- 3.3 Determination of the optical character of biaxial minerals in the conoscopic light path.- 3.3.1 Conoscopic images of biaxial minerals in different orientations.- 3.3.2 Identification of the optical character of biaxial crystals.- 3.3.3 Estimation of the optic axial angle 2V.- 3.3.4 Determination of optic axial angles 2V in oblique section.- Summary 1: Mineral identification with the polarizing microscope.- Summary 2: Protocol of mineral identification in thin section.- B Optical Mineralogy.- 1 Opaque minerals and substances.- 1.1 Magnetite.- 1.2 Ilmenite.- 1.3 Hematite.- 1.4 Pyrite.- 1.5 Pyrrhotite.- 1.6 Graphite.- 1.7 Carbonaceous substances.- 2 Optically isotropic (also pseudocubic) minerals and amorphous substances.- 2.1 Perovskite.- 2.2 Spinel group.- 2.3 Pyrochlore and koppite.- 2.4 Garnet group.- 2.4.1 Pyrope.- 2.4.2 Almandine.- 2.4.3 Grossularite.- 2.4.4 Melanite.- 2.5 Leucite.- 2.6 Sodalite group.- 2.7 Analcite.- 2.8 Cristobalite.- 2.9 Fluorite.- 2.10 Amorphous minerals, glass and cryptocrystalline material.- 2.10.1 Limonite.- 2.10.2 Opal.- 2.10.3 Rock-glass.- 3 Optically uniaxial minerals.- 3.1 Minerals which are optically uniaxial positive.- 3.1.1 Rutile.- 3.1.2 Cassiterite.- 3.1.3 Zircon.- 3.1.4 Xenotime.- 3.1.5 Melilite group.- 3.1.6 SiO2 group.- 3.1.6.1 Quartz.- 3.1.6.2 Chalcedony.- 3.1.6.3 Tridymite.- 3.1.7 Chabazite.- 3.2 Minerals with uniaxial negative character.- 3.2.1 Anatase.- 3.2.2 Trigonal carbonate group.- 3.2.2.1 Calcite.- 3.2.2.2 Dolomite.- 3.2.2.3 Magnesite.- 3.2.2.4 Siderite.- 3.2.3 Corundum.- 3.2.4 Vesuvianite.- 3.2.5 Tourmaline.- 3.2.6 Apatite.- 3.2.7 Beryl.- 3.2.8 Nepheline.- 3.2.9 Scapolite group.- 3.2.10 Apophyllite.- 3.2.11 Cancrinite.- 4 Biaxial crystals.- 4.1 Olivine group.- 4.2 Pyroxene group.- 4.2.1 Orthopyroxene group: enstatite, bronzite, hypersthene.- 4.2.2 Clinopyroxenes.- 4.2.2.1 Diopside group.- 4.2.2.2 Augite group.- 4.2.2.3 Titanaugite.- 4.2.2.4 Pigeonite.- 4.2.2.5 Aegirine-augite series.- 4.2.2.6 Jadeite.- 4.2.2.7 Omphacite.- Determination of the maximum extinction angle for pyroxenes and amphiboles.- 4.3 Amphibole group.- 4.3.1 Actinolite group.- 4.3.2 Green (‘common’) hornblende.- 4.3.3 Brown hornblende.- 4.3.4 Glaucophane and crossite.- 4.3.5 Arfvedsonite and riebeckite.- 4.4 Mica group.- 4.4.1 Muscovite.- 4.4.2 Phengite.- 4.4.3 Lithionite series.- 4.4.3.1 Lepidolite.- 4.4.3.2 Zinnwaldite.- 4.4.4 Biotite series.- 4.4.4.1 Phlogopite.- 4.4.4.2 Biotite s.s..- 4.4.5 Oxybiotite.- 4.4.6 Titanbiotite.- 4.5 Stilpnomelane.- 4.6 Glauconite and celadonite.- 4.7 Talc.- 4.8 Chlorite group.- 4.8.1 Orthochlorite.- 4.8.2 Leptochlorite.- 4.9 Serpentine group.- 4.9.1 Antigorite.- 4.9.2 Chrysotile.- 4.10 Feldspar family.- 4.10.1 Alkali feldspars.- 4.10.1.1 Sanidine.- 4.10.1.2 Orthoclase.- 4.10.1.3 Anorthoclase.- 4.10.1.4 Microcline.- 4.10.2 Plagioclase series.- 4.11 Zeolite family.- 4.11.1 Fibrous zeolites.- 4.11.1.1 Natrolite.- 4.11.1.2 Mesolite.- 4.11.1.3 Thomsonite.- 4.11.1.4 Scolecite.- 4.11.1.5 Mordenite.- 4.11.1.6 Laumontite.- 4.11.2 Flaky zeolites.- 4.11.2.1 Heulandite.- 4.11.2.2 Stilbite.- 4.11.2.3 Epistilbite.- 4.11.3 Cubic zeolites.- 4.11.3.1 Phillipsite.- 4.11.3.2 Harmotome.- 4.12 Aenigmatite (cossyrite).- 4.13 Sphene (titanite).- 4.14 Topaz.- 4.15 Cordierite.- 4.16 Al2SiO5 group.- 4.16.1 Andalusite.- 4.16.2 Sillimanite.- 4.16.3 Kyanite.- 4.17 Staurolite.- 4.18 Wollastonite.- 4.19 Chloritoid.- 4.20 Epidote zoisite group.- 4.20.1 Zoisite.- 4.20.2 Epidote.- 4.20.3 Clinozoisite.- 4.20.4 Orthite (allanite).- 4.21 Pumpellyite.- 4.22 Lawsonite.- 4.23 Anhydrite.- 4.24 Gypsum.- 4.25 Aragonite.- 4.26 Barite.- 4.27 Goethite.- 4.28 Prehnite.- C Appendices.- 1 Tables for the microscopic identification of rock-forming minerals.- 2 Diagrams for the classification of magmatic rocks.- 3 Diagrams of mineral and rock structures.
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Springer Fluid Flow and Transport in Rocks Mechanisms and effects
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Springer Igneous petrogenesis
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Springer Geological Methods in Mineral Exploration and Mining
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Springer Growth Dissolution and Pattern Formation in Geosystems
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Springer Physics and Chemistry of Partially Molten Rocks 11 Petrology and Structural Geology
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Springer The Encyclopedia of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology
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Springer The Encyclopedia of Field and General Geology
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Springer The Encyclopedia of Applied Geology
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Springer Mathematical Modeling for Flow and Transport Through Porous Media
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