Oceanography (seas and oceans) Books

Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Mass transport: Slides, Slumps, and Debris Flows 3. Gravity Flows: Debris Flows, Grain Flows, Liquefied/Fluidized Flows, and Turbidity Currents, hyperpycnal flows, and contour currents 4. A Paradigm Shift 5. Density plumes: types, deflections, and external controls 6. Hyperpycnal flows 7. Triggering mechanisms of downslope processes 8. Bottom currents 9. Soft-sediment deformation structures 10. Epilogue: lessons learned Appendix A: Concepts, glossary, and methodology Appendix B: Video of flume experiments on sandy debris flows Bibliography Index

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Book Synopsis1: The Main Tsunamigenic Zones in the Mediterranean Sea.- 2: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. ANCIENT TSUNAMIS.- 3: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 1st16th CENTURIES.- 4: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 17th18th CENTURIES.- 5: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 19th CENTURY.- 6: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 20th CENTURY.- 7: Study of Tsunamis in Greece and Italy at the Turn of the Millenium.- Appendix 1: Main parameters of tsunamis in the Mediterranean Sea.- Appendix 2: List of tsunamigenic events in the Mediterranean Sea.- Appendix 3: Equivalents of the International System Units to units of other countries and to extra-system units.- References.- Index of Geographic Names.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Structure of the Catalogue. 1. The Main Tsunamigenic Zones in the Mediterranean Sea. 2. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. Ancient Tsunamis. 3. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 1st - 16th Centuries. 4. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 17th - 18th Centuries. 5. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 19th Century. 6. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 20th Century. 7. Study of Tsunamis in Greece and Italy at the Turn of the Millennium. Appendices. References. Index of Geographic Names.

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Book SynopsisIn diesem Buch berichten 95 Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler über ihre Forschung im Ozean und an den Küsten. Sie führen den Leser von den eisbedeckten Polarmeeren über die Nord- und Ostsee bis zu den Seegraswiesen, tropischen Mangroven und Korallenriffen. Die Beiträge veranschaulichen die Vielfalt der Lebensgemeinschaften zwischen Strand und Tiefsee. Das Größenspektrum der Organismen reicht von Walen und Fischen über Planktonkrebse und Muscheln bis zu Kieselalgen und Bakterien. Die globalen – vom Leben im Meer bestimmten – Stoffkreisläufe werden ebenso behandelt wie die molekularbiologischen Anpassungen der Mikroorganismen, und hier sind auch die größten methodischen Fortschritte zu verzeichnen.Zu den spannenden Themen der angewandten Meeresforschung gehören die Überfischung und die nachhaltige Nutzung der Meere, die Gefährdung durch Schad- und Nährstoffeinträge, das Einschleppen fremder Organismen und die Zerstörung von Lebensräumen. Vielfältig und bereits deutlich nachweisbar sind die Einflüsse des globalen Klimawandels auf das Leben im Meer. Forschungsschiffe, Unterwasser-Roboter, Gensonden und Datenbanken, aber auch mathematische Modelle und naturnahe Experimente sind wichtige Werkzeuge der Meeresbiologen. Exkurse über die Geschichte und Struktur der meeresbiologischen Forschung in Deutschland runden die Übersicht ab.In 48 selbständigen Beiträgen fügt sich die Vielfalt moderner, meeresökologischer Forschung zu einem faszinierenden Gesamtbild zusammen. Das Buch richtet sich an Lehrende und Lernende und an alle, die sich für das Meer und seine Bewohner, für modernes Ressourcenmanagement und marinen Naturschutz interessieren.vbiehivjoeTrade Review“... Die Autoren nehmen den Leser mit auf eine virtuelle Reise um den halben Erdball, nur diesmal unter Wasser. ... überall ist die Forschung präsent und zeigt die große Formenvielfalt des Lebensraumes im freien Wasser als dem größten »Biovolumen« auf der Erde ...” (Eva Opitz, in: Freiburger Universitätsblätter, September 2017)“... steht jeder Artikel auch für sich, so dass man an fast beliebiger Stelle in das Buch einsteigen kann.Alle Beiträge sind ansprechend illustriert und geben dem interessierten Leser am Ende Tipps für Informationen im Internet sowie für weiterführende Literatur ...” (Dr. Doris Fischer-Henningsen, in: Treffpunkt Buch plus, 2017)“... Für interessierte Laien hingegen stellt das Buch genau die richtige Mischung aus detaillierten Informationen und dem großen Überblick dar. ... Für jeden, der sich für den größten und am wenigsten erforschten Lebensraum unserer Erde interessiert, ist „Faszination Meeresforschung“ genau das Richtige. Und jungen Menschen, die das Studium der Meeresbiologie anstreben, kann man es ganz besonders ans Herz zu legen, da es perfekt zusammenfasst, was sie im Studium erwartet.” (Peter Diehl, in: Mitteilungen der POLLICHIA, Jg. 98, 2017)“… Zu erstaunlich vielen Themen findet der interessierte Leser tiefgründige Beiträge, die auch für Laien verständlich geschrieben sind. Vermutlich wird das Angebot sogar den Wissensdurst vieler Meeresaquarianer übersteigen, aber zahlreiche Kapitel helfen, die mannigfaltige Unterwasserwelt besser zu durchschauen.” (Werner Fiedler, in: Aquaristik Fachmagazin, Jg. 49, Heft 256, August-September 2017)“… Das vorliegende Buch gibt einen wahrlich faszinierenden Einblick in die vielen Facetten eines geradezu unendlichen Lebensraumes. Für Lehrende, Studierende und Laien ist das Buch eine immense Fundgrube an Wissen, das man in solch kompakter und wie im Titel versprochen lesbarer Form nicht wieder findet.” (Prof Dr. Helmut Schuhmacher, in: Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau, Jg. 70, Heft 828, Juni 2017)“... Allen, die sich für Meere und Ozeane interessieren, ist dieses Buch zu empfehlen- und allen, die meinen, andere für eine Beschäftigung mit Meeren und Ozeanen “erwärmen” zu wollen, ist anzuraten, dieses Buch bei nächster Gelegenheit auf deren Geschenktisch zu legen. ... Dieses Werk taugt gleichermaßen zum lehrreichen Schmökern wie zum schnellen informativen Nachschlagen; insofern ist die Empfehlung "für alle" mehr als gerechtfertigt ...” (Waterkant, Jg. 32, Heft 2, Juni 2017)Table of ContentsProlog.- 1 Die physikalische Umwelt „Meer“.- 2 Der marine Kohlenstoffkreislauf.- 3 Das Pelagial.- 4 Eine virtuelle Reise durch den Atlantik – Energieflüsse, Nahrungswege und Anpassungspfade.- 5 Das Leben im Eispalast: Flora und Fauna des arktischen Meereises.- 6. Wechselwirkungen zwischen Meeresboden und Ozean: Die pelago-benthische Kopplung im Südpolarmeer.- 7 Auftriebsgebiete und El Niño.- 8 Das Bakterioplankton – Riese und Regulator im marinen Stoffumsatz.- 9 Das Phytoplankton im Überblick.- 10 Die wichtigsten Gruppen des Zooplanktons.- 11 Krill und Salpen prägen das antarktische Ökosystem.- 12 Mikroplastikmüll im Meer.- 13 Tintenfische – die Spitzenathleten der Weltmeere,- 14 Meeresschildkröten haben es schwer.- 15 Fischbrut im Nahrungsnetz.- 16 Der arktische Polardorsch und der Antarktische Silberfisch: Erfolgsgeschichten im Eismeer.- 17 Seevögel und ihre Ernährungsweisen als Spiegel der Meeresumwelt.- 18. Schweinswale in der Ostsee – Forschung für den Artenschutz.- 19 Leben am Meeresboden.- 20 Mikroorganismen des Tiefseebodens: Vielfalt, Verteilung, Funktion.- 21 Stabilität, Störungen oder Zufall: Was steuert marine Biodiversität?.- 22 Dunkle Energie: Symbiosen zwischen Tieren und chemosynthetischen Bakterien.- 23 Meeresküsten – ein Überblick.- 24 Leben auf festem Grund – Hartbodengemeinschaften.- 25 Muschelbänke, Seegraswiesen und Watten an Sand- und Schlickküsten.- 26 Mikroalgen in der Grenzschicht zwischen Sediment und Wasser.- 27 Wälder unter Wasser – Großalgengemeinschaften.- 28 Mangroven – Wälder zwischen Land und Meer.- 29 Ökosystem Korallenriff – Schatzkammer der Meere.- 30 Die Ostsee.- 31. Belastungen unserer Meere durch den Menschen.- 32 Wie wirkt der Klimawandel auf das Leben im Meer?.- 33 Ozeanversauerung: Gewinner und Verlierer im Plankton.- 34 CO2-Wirkung auf Meerestiere.- 35 Helgoland, Krill und Klimawandel.- 36 Klimaflüchtlinge, Migranten und Invasoren.- 37 Die Weltfischerei – mit weniger Aufwand fängt man mehr.- 38 Nachhaltiges Fischereimanagement – kann es das geben?.- 39 Zum Beispiel Kabeljau und Hering: Fischerei, Überfischung und Fischereimanagement im Nordatlantik.- 40 Der tote Leviathan – ein Streifzug durch die Geschichte des antarktischen Walfangs.- 41 Sushi und die Algenfarmen.- 42 Kultur von Meerestieren– mehr Eiweißnahrung aus dem Meer.- 43 Über Forschungsschiffe.- 44 Der Hausgarten in der Framstraße: Von der Momentaufnahme zur Langzeituntersuchung.- 45 Neue Methoden der Artbestimmung.- 46 Zeitmaschine DNA – die verschlüsselte Evolutionsgeschichte im Erbgut.- 47 Computermodelle als Werkzeuge der Meeresökologen.- 48 Meeresbiologische Forschungsinstitute in Deutschland.- Epilog.

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Book SynopsisThis monograph attempts to unlock the mechanics of sedimentation, focusing on the production, accumulation and preservation of organic matter in marine and lacustrine sediments. The contributors cover a range of geological ages, as well as temperature and organic matter types.Table of ContentsContributors Acknowledgments Part I: Preliminaries 1. Introduction, by Jean K. Whelan and John W. Farrington 2. Reflections on the Career and Times of John M. Hunt, by Wallace G. Dow 3. Modeling Petroleum Generation in Sedimentary Basins, by John M. Hunt and R. J-C. Hennet Part II: Recent Sediments and Depositional Environments 4. Sources, Cycling, and Distribution of Water Column Particulate and Sedimentary Organic Matter in Northern Newfoundland Fjords and Bays: A Stable Isotope Study, by Nathaniel E. Ostrom and Stephen A. Macko 5. Organic Matter Accumulation, Remineralization, and Burial in an Anoxic Coastal Sediment, by C.S. Martens, Robert I. Haddad, and Jeffrey P. Chanton 6. Organic Carbon Remineralization and Preservation in Sediments of Skan Bay, Alaska, by Marc. J. Alperin, William S. Reeburgh, and Alan H. Devol 7. Preservation of Sargassum Under Anoxic Conditions: Molecular and Isotopic Evidence, by Mahlon c. Kennicutt II, Stephen A. Macko, H. Rodger Harvey, Robert R.Bidigare 8. Geochemical Features of Organic Matter in Sediment Cores from Lutzow-Holm Bay, Antarctica, by Genki I. Matsumoto, Eiji Matsumoto, Kiyotaka Sasaki, and Kunihiko Watanuki 9. Sedimentation and Preservation of Amino Compounds and Carbohydrates in Marine Sediments, by Jean K. Whelan and Kay-Christian Emeis 10. Hydrodynamic Controls of Anoxia in Shallow Lakes, by Paul W. Jewell Part III: Transition 11. Organic Carbon Accumulation and Preservation in Marine Sediments: How Important is Anoxia?, by Stephen E. Calvert and T.F. Pedersen 12. Early-Stage Incorporation of Sulfur Into Protokerogens and Possible Kerogen Precursors, by R.P. Philp, N. Suzuki, and A. Galvez-Sinibaldi 13. Bitumen Classification and Biomarker Correlation Studies Based on Organic Extracts from Neogene Gulf of California Sediments, by Paul A. Comet, J. McEvoy, and Mahlon C. Kennicutt II 14. Resolution of Sediment Hydrocarbon Sources: Multiparameter Approaches, by Mahlon C. Kennicutt II and Paul A. Comet 15. Biomarkers in Recent and Ancient Sediments: The Importance of the Diagenetic Continuum, by Simon C. Brassell 16. Natural Hydrous Pyrolysis: Petroleum Generation in Submarine Hhydrothermal Systems, by Bernd R.T. Simoneit 17. Stable Carbon Isotope Changes During the Maturation of Organic Matter, by Margarita E. Conkright and W.M. Sackett Part IV: Ancient Sediments 18. Source and Biomarker Composition Characteristics of Chinese Nonmarine Crude Oils, by Jiamo Fu and Guoying Sheng 19. Volatile Organic Compounds Associated with Oil Seepage Along the Northern Continental Slope of the Gulf of Mexico, by Thomas J. McDonald, Mahlon C. Kennicutt II, James M. Brooks, and Roger R. Fay 20. Maturity and Facies-Controlled Composition of the Organic Matter of Selected Oil Shales, by H. Wehner, H. Hufnagel, M. Teschner, and J. Koester 21. Organic Matter Response to Change of Depositional Environment in Kimmeridgian Shales, Dorset, U.K., by A.Y. Huc, E. Lallier-Verges, P. Bertrand, B. Carpentier, and D.J. Hollander 22. The Distribution and Generation of Hydrocarbons in Carbonate Source Rocks, by Kazuo Taguchi and Kazushi Mori Index

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewRising Seas provides a comprehensive and thoughtful discussion of the science, impacts, and policy matters surrounding one of the most pressing societal threats we face today-global sea level rise. -- Michael E. Mann, director, Penn State Earth System Science Center, and author of The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines This essential and readable survey of the history and science of sea level change should be on the desk of anyone involved in coastal planning and resource management and will be extremely effective as a textbook. A great, much-needed book! -- Maureen E. Raymo, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University Rising Seas: Past, Present, Future is a siren warning of the imminent and ongoing ecological catastrophe that humans are inflicting upon the planet... Highly recommended. The Midwest Book Review If you have any interest in coastal areas, impacts of global climate change and changes in sea level, Rising Seas: Past, Present, Future is a must read. Weather Doctor Blog ...Gornitz writes with articulate scholarship, which will make a lasting, positive impression on her readers. -- Alexander S. Kolker, Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium BioScience This book presents a thoroughly documented, comprehensive overview of perhaps the most urgent issue closely associated with global warming... Gornitz has succeeded in presenting a complicated subject in a scholarly and captivating manner, making it accessible to both the expert and the lay person. Metascience Excellent... I can give the book the highest praise: I wish that I had written it. Reports of the National Center for Science EducationTable of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments 1. The Ever-Changing Ocean 2. The Causes and Detection of Sea Level Change 3. Piercing the Veil of Time: Sea Levels After the Dinosaurs 4. When the Mammoths Roamed: Sea Level During the Ice Ages 5. The Great Ice Meltdown and Rising Seas 6. The Modern Speedup of Sea Level Rise 7. Sea Level Rise on a Warming Planet 8. Shorelines at Risk 9. Coping with the Rising Waters 10. Charting a Future Course Appendix. Geologic Time Scale Notes Glossary Bibliography Credits Index

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewRising Seas provides a comprehensive and thoughtful discussion of the science, impacts, and policy matters surrounding one of the most pressing societal threats we face today-global sea level rise. -- Michael E. Mann, director, Penn State Earth System Science Center, and author of The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines This essential and readable survey of the history and science of sea level change should be on the desk of anyone involved in coastal planning and resource management and will be extremely effective as a textbook. A great, much-needed book! -- Maureen E. Raymo, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University Rising Seas: Past, Present, Future is a siren warning of the imminent and ongoing ecological catastrophe that humans are inflicting upon the planet... Highly recommended. The Midwest Book Review If you have any interest in coastal areas, impacts of global climate change and changes in sea level, Rising Seas: Past, Present, Future is a must read. Weather Doctor Blog ...Gornitz writes with articulate scholarship, which will make a lasting, positive impression on her readers. -- Alexander S. Kolker, Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium BioScience This book presents a thoroughly documented, comprehensive overview of perhaps the most urgent issue closely associated with global warming... Gornitz has succeeded in presenting a complicated subject in a scholarly and captivating manner, making it accessible to both the expert and the lay person. Metascience Excellent... I can give the book the highest praise: I wish that I had written it. Reports of the National Center for Science EducationTable of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments 1. The Ever-Changing Ocean 2. The Causes and Detection of Sea Level Change 3. Piercing the Veil of Time: Sea Levels After the Dinosaurs 4. When the Mammoths Roamed: Sea Level During the Ice Ages 5. The Great Ice Meltdown and Rising Seas 6. The Modern Speedup of Sea Level Rise 7. Sea Level Rise on a Warming Planet 8. Shorelines at Risk 9. Coping with the Rising Waters 10. Charting a Future Course Appendix. Geologic Time Scale Notes Glossary Bibliography Credits Index

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Book SynopsisThe oceanographer Tessa Hill and the science journalist Eric Simons profile efforts to understand and protect marine environments, taking readers to habitats from shallow tidepools to the deep sea.Trade ReviewAt Every Depth takes us from rocky shore surveys to diminishing riches on coral reefs to the once trackless deep sea, chronicling the greatest discoveries and changes for every major habitat in the oceans. The riveting stories of Indigenous peoples, scientists, and explorers are essential for everyone who cares about the oceans. -- Drew Harvell, author of Ocean Outbreak: Confronting the Rising Tide of Marine Disease and A Sea of Glass: Searching for the Blaschka’s Fragile Legacy in an Ocean at RiskThe greatest strength of At Every Depth is its storytelling. Tales of scientific investigation join explorations of Indigenous peoples’ connection to the sea and how ocean changes affect tradition and communities. The authors at once provide information and inspire with emotion. -- Ellen Prager, author of Sex, Drugs, and Sea Slime: The Oceans' Oddest Creatures and Why They MatterThis is one of the best books I’ve read in a really long time. Tessa Hill is an amazing scientist and Eric Simons is a very talented writer—together they’ve developed one heck of a book, interweaving personal narrative and scientific research in perfect balance. -- Angee Doerr, Oregon State UniversityAn incisive look at a world in crisis. This troubling assessment of how humans are devastating the world’s oceans hits home. * Publishers Weekly *Table of ContentsPrologue1. The Tide Pool2. The Reef3. The Forest4. The Gardens5. The Abundant Ocean6. The Open Ocean7. The Polar Worlds8. The DeepEpilogueAcknowledgmentsNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisThis work offers a history of the Pacific as a ""frontier"" of the United States using economics, politics, and culture as its central areas of consideration. While many studies have analyzed specific regions within the Pacific, this work considers the whole of this vast ocean.Trade Review“Wilson’s translation is polished and lucid, and Heffer handles the complexities of his story adroitly; his historical synthesis will introduce a new generation of readers to a region certain to play an increasingly important role in world affairs.” —Publishers Weekly“It is profound and is highly recommended.” —Journal of the West"Heffer offers striking details and a conceptually expansive text. No equivalent exists on this topic, and we are fortunate to have this work translated for a wide readership, both scholarly and general." —Library Journal“[A] strikingly successful narrative. . . . One of the greatest strengths of Heffer’s book is the way it narrates the domestic American story of Asian immigration . . . consistently sound judgement characterizes the book. Perhaps the most rewarding part of Heffer’s book, however, is the section which brings the story almost to the present day, again distinguished by its clearsightedness and sound judgement.” —Times Literary Supplement“The book is a solid contribution to the field of Pacific Studies because of its theoretical perspective, which is innovative in its geographical scope thus offering a useful sythesis for students and scholars in history and other social sciences.” —Journal of Economic History“The publication of an English translation of this unique treatise is a welcome and important addition to our understanding of how the United States was shaped by the Pacific Ocean and Pacific rim, and, conversely, how the United States shaped that oceanic world, its islands, and littorals.” —International History Review

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Book SynopsisSounding an alarm over the potential extinction of many albatross species, this book encourages individuals, environmental groups, fishery oversight bodies, and governments to create sustainable management practices for whole ocean ecosystems.Table of Contents Foreword by H.R.H. Prince of Wales Acknowledgments Introduction by John Croxall Milestones: Albatross Encounters and Concerns Chapter One. Storytelling Part I: The Albatross Chapter Two. Plunder Chapter Three. Science Chapter Four. Connections Chapter Five. Home Chapter Six. Family Part II: Crossings Chapter Seven. Migration Chapter Eight. Globalization Chapter Nine. Commons Part III: Birds and Fish Chapter Ten. Fish Chapter Eleven. Management Chapter Twelve. Crisis Chapter Thirteen. Bycatch Part IV: Sea Change Chapter Fourteen. Links Chapter Fifteen. Engineering Chapter Sixteen. Turning Point Part V: Agents of Change Chapter Seventeen. Fishers Chapter Eighteen. Governments Chapter Nineteen. Nongovernmentals Chapter Twenty. Trade Chapter Twenty-one. Celebrities Chapter Twenty-two. Capstone Conclusion. Hope Appendix: CCAMLR and Seabird Mortality Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisAn intimate biography of place and an urgent call to conservationNot far from Seattle skyscrapers live 150-year-old clams, more than 250 species of fish, and underwater kelp forests as complex as any terrestrial ecosystem. For millennia, vibrant Coast Salish communities have lived beside these waters dense with nutrient-rich foods, with cultures intertwined through exchanges across the waterways. Transformed by settlement and resource extraction, Puget Sound and its future health now depend on a better understanding of the region's ecological complexities. Focusing on the area south of Port Townsend and between the Cascade and Olympic mountains, Williams uncovers human and natural histories in, on, and around the Sound. In conversations with archaeologists, biologists, and tribal authorities, Williams traces how generations of humans have interacted with such species as geoducks, salmon, orcas, rockfish, and herring. He sheds light on how warfare shaped development and how people havTrade Review"Homewaters is a sweeping exploration of how a place shapes lives. It begins with glaciers and volcanoes carving up Puget Sound, and examines early Native communities’ relationships with their environment, colonial exploitation of natural resources and efforts to better understand how keystone and emblematic species like salmon, orca, rockfish, herring, kelp and more are enduring the conditions of the Sound today." * Crosscut *"[A] highly readable and enjoyable account that connects seemingly disparate threads and weaves together a complex mix of science and humanities that’s greater than the sum of its parts – much like Puget Sound history itself." * MyNorthwest *"Opens readers’ eyes to the complexity of life in the Sound and the complexity of human history on and beside it." * Post Alley *"[A] fascinating exploration of how a place shapes the lives of the people and cultures that live along its shore from earliest times to the present day... Wonderful history and excellent read." * The Confluence *"David Williams has produced another engaging book covering the Pacific Northwest and how its past has shaped its present... Homewaters is an inspiring book, and we need more like it." * H-Net *"[A] captivating book about Puget Sound... David Williams has a clear, friendly style of writing, making the book an easy read for people of diverse backgrounds and experiences. He weaves together the history, geography, hydrology, ecology and anthropology of this unique waterbody, telling its story from ancient times to the present in a very personal and reflective way." * Western Historical Quarterly *

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Altogether, Spawning Modern Fish succeeds resoundingly in its intentions...Because it addresses so many audiences effectively, Swanson’s study will help us realize one of multispecies ethnography’s hopes and promises. We can think with salmon toward how new, better, and more just relations among uneven arrangements of humans and nonhumans might be built." * H-Environment *

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Altogether, Spawning Modern Fish succeeds resoundingly in its intentions...Because it addresses so many audiences effectively, Swanson’s study will help us realize one of multispecies ethnography’s hopes and promises. We can think with salmon toward how new, better, and more just relations among uneven arrangements of humans and nonhumans might be built." * H-Environment *

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Homewaters is a sweeping exploration of how a place shapes lives. It begins with glaciers and volcanoes carving up Puget Sound, and examines early Native communities’ relationships with their environment, colonial exploitation of natural resources and efforts to better understand how keystone and emblematic species like salmon, orca, rockfish, herring, kelp and more are enduring the conditions of the Sound today." * Crosscut *"[A] highly readable and enjoyable account that connects seemingly disparate threads and weaves together a complex mix of science and humanities that’s greater than the sum of its parts – much like Puget Sound history itself." * MyNorthwest *"Opens readers’ eyes to the complexity of life in the Sound and the complexity of human history on and beside it." * Post Alley *"[A] fascinating exploration of how a place shapes the lives of the people and cultures that live along its shore from earliest times to the present day... Wonderful history and excellent read." * The Confluence *"David Williams has produced another engaging book covering the Pacific Northwest and how its past has shaped its present... Homewaters is an inspiring book, and we need more like it." * H-Net *"[A] captivating book about Puget Sound... David Williams has a clear, friendly style of writing, making the book an easy read for people of diverse backgrounds and experiences. He weaves together the history, geography, hydrology, ecology and anthropology of this unique waterbody, telling its story from ancient times to the present in a very personal and reflective way." * Western Historical Quarterly *

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Book SynopsisOceanography calls for a wide variety of mathematical and statistical techniques. This title provides the basics oceanographers need to know, including: practical ways to deal with chemical, geological, and biological oceanographic data; and instructions on detecting the existence of patterns in what appears to be noise.Trade Review"...It presents many well discussed and illustrative examples..." (Zentralblatt Math, Vol.988, No.13, 2002)Table of ContentsCalculus Review. Model I Linear Regression. Correlation. Model II Linear Regression. Polynomial Curve Fitting, Linear Multiple Regression Analysis, andNonlinear Least Squares. Numerical Integration. Box Models. Time Series Analysis. Appendices. Answers to Exercises. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis work explores the diverse collection of microbes and viruses found in the oceans and the processes mediated by these microbes in aquatic environments. It reviews the basics of marine microbiology providing a firm foundation for researchers and students new to the field.Trade Review"The collection brings together concepts from autoecological studies of individual bacterial groups and from ecological studies of microbial assemblages." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 25, No. 2 June 2001) "...useful resource for everybody working in this field...well-written material and simple and lucid illustrations...would serve as an excellent primary source of information on virtually any aspects of marine microbial ecology." (Choice Vol. 38, No. 9 May 2001) "...this is an excellent book...will serve as an authoritative source on bacterial life in the water column...I recommend it warmly to anyone interested in biological oceanography and the microbial life in the sea." (Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 269, 2002)Table of ContentsIntroduction (D. Kirchman & P. Williams). Marine Microbes: An Overview (E. Sherr & B. Sherr). Evolution, Diversity, and Molecular Ecology of Marine Prokaryotes (S. Giovannoni & M. Rappé). Bacterial Production and Biomass in the Oceans (H. Ducklow). Production Mechanisms of Dissolved Organic Matter (T. Nagata). Heterotrophic Bacteria and the Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Material (P. Williams). UV Radiation Effects on Microbes and Microbial Processes (M. Moran & R. Zepp). Control of Bacterial Growth in Idealized Food Webs (T. Thingstad). Uptake and Regeneration of Inorganic Nutrients by Marine Heterotrophic Bacteria (D. Kirchman). Bacterial Energetics and Growth Efficiency (P. del Giorgio & J. Cole). Impact of Viruses on Bacterial Processes (J. Fuhrman). Bacterivory: Interactions between Bacteria and their Grazers (S. Strom). Marine Nitrogen Fixation (H. Paerl & J. Zehr). Nitrification and the Marine Nitrogen Cycle (B. Ward). The Marine Microbial Nitrogen Cycle (D. Capone). Symbiosis and Mixotrophy Among Pelagic Microorganisms (D. Carson). Index.

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Book SynopsisDescribes the latest remote sensing technologies used to detect ice hazards in the marine environment; map surface currents, sea-state and surface winds; study ice dynamics, over ice transportation, oil spill countermeasures, climate changes and ice reconnaisance. Includes such technologies as acoustic sensing, ice-thickness measurement, passive microwave remote sensing, ground wave and surface-based radars.Table of ContentsProperties of Snow and Ice (E. Lewis, et al.). Acoustic and Seismic Sensing Techniques (D. Farmer & Y.Xie). Ice-Thickness Measurement (J. Rossiter & J. Holladay). Passive Microwave Systems (I. Rubinstein, et al.). Active Microwave Systems (R. Raney). Over-the-Horizon Radar (S. Srivastava & J. Walsh). Surface-Based Radar: Noncoherent (E. Lewis, et al.). Surface-Based Radar: Coherent (S. Haykin, et al.). Operational Airborne Radars (R. Lowry). Synthetic Aperture Radar Images of Sea Ice (C. Livingstone). RADARSAT and Operational Ice Information (R. Raney & J.Falkingham). Supplementary Topics and Future Diretions (S. Haykin & R.Raney). Index.

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Book SynopsisDescribes and analyzes global causes, effects and dynamics of floods and includes methods for related environmental management. Reviews recent advances in the interdisciplinary study of floods and their effects on landforms, sediments, human works, and populations.Table of ContentsPreface. Overview. External Controls and Geomorphic Measurements. Flood Processes. Floods, Climate, Landscape. Palefloods. Environmental Management.

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Book SynopsisPresents the understanding of dispersion processes in the marine environment in relatively simple terms in the hope that it will be helpful to oceanographers and scientists from other disciplines. Global case studies are included in this book.Table of ContentsFluid Dynamics - Homogeneous Flow. Fluid Dynamics - Stratified Flow. Turbulent Diffusion. Shear Dispersion. Modelling Dispersion. Methodology for Measurement and Observation. Studies of Well-Mixed Systems. Studies of Stratified Systems. Studies of Partially Stratified Systems. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisA highly readable book on the nature of beaches, including thedynamics of the shoreface, surf, swash and backbeach, and globallyat the regional variations in beach systems from the tropics to thepoles. The beach and adjacent shoreface are the most dynamic part of theEarth''s surface. They represent a narrow zone where waves, tidesand winds continously interact, producing, wherever sediment isavailable, hundreds of thousands of kilometres of beach systems.Beaches are also the focus of intense pressure from users anddevelopers, and for these reasons alone a knowledge of beachsystems and their morphodynamics is critical to their sustainablemanagement. This book is the first to: * provide an in-depth and holistic view of beach systems, lookingboth in detail at the different beach zones and globally at rangeof parameters influencing regional variation * examine the relationship between beaches and ancillary dunesystems and includes chapters on beach ecoloTrade Review"It provides an excellent overview of many aspects of beachgeography...The book is a hugely successful and interesting productwhich deserves to run to several edition." (Progress in PhysicalGeography, Vol.25 No.4, 2001) "...a deep and well researched account of beach morphodynamicsand coastal evolution..." (Ocean Challenge)Table of ContentsBEACH SYSTEMS: DEFINITION AND GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE. Beaches (A. Short). Global Variation in Beach Systems (A. Short). BEACH MORPHODYNAMICS. The Shoreface (P. Cowell, et al.). The Surf Zone (T. Aagaard & G. Masselink). The Beachface (M. Hughes & I. Turner) The Beach Backshore and Beyond (P. Hesp). BEACH TYPES AND APPLICATIONS. Wave-Dominated Beaches (A. Short). The Effect of Tides on Beach Morphodynamics (G. Masselink & I.Turner). Embayed and Structurally Controlled Beaches (A. Short & G.Masselink). BEACH SYSTEMS AND IMPACTS. Beach Modification: Natural Impacts on Beach Morphodynamics (A.Short). Beach Ecology (A. Short & P. Hesp). Beach and Dune Stratification (A. Short & P. Hesp). Beach Hazards and Safety (A. Short). LARGE SCALE BEACH BEHAVIOUR. Barrier Morphodynamics (P. Hesp & A. Short). References. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisThis information--packed volume on marine geophysics has two objectives: to provide a clear comprehensive review of techniques, and to examine what geophysical observations can tell us about the structure and tectonics of the oceans.Table of ContentsPreview. Locating Offshore Observations. Seabed Imaging by Sonar and Lidar. Seismic Exploration at Sea: A Theoretical Background. Seismic Data Acquisition at Sea. The Marine Gravity Field. The Earth's Magnetic Field at Sea. Heat Flow. Investigations of the Sea Floor using Electrical Methods. Seabed Exploration using Radiometric Methods. Geophysical Observations in Offshore Boreholes. Deep-Sea Geophysics and the Changing Geometry of the Oceans. Studies of the Oceanic Lithosphere: The Sedimentary Cover. Studies of the Oceanic Lithosphere: The Crustal Basement and Upper Mantle. Investigations of Divergent and Transform Continental Margins. Studies of Subduction Zones. Index.

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Book SynopsisHelps readers encounter humpback whales that build nets from bubbles, gain a disturbing maternal perspective on the dolphin-tuna issue, and uncover intimate details about whale sex. This book enables you to contemplate the meaning of the complex social networks that exist in the seas.Trade Review"An appealing, agitating foray into the world of whales that ignites both protective instincts and a hungry curiosity to know more." Kirkus Reviews Cogent, compassionate ... Brilliant at pursuing seemingly unrelated trails back down the blowhole, Kelsey illuminates the "humanity" of whales. Publishers Weekly "Engaging portrayal of the lives and culture of whales." The Economist "Charming... Will be of interest to all whale and dolphin watchers." ChoiceTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction 1. Extreme Motherhood 2. A Sea of Milk 3. Looking for Whales in All the Wrong Places 4. Resident Aliens? 5. How to Make a Really Rich Sea 6. Popular Mechanics: What Chimpanzees and Dolphins Can Teach Us about Tools 7. Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Who's the Smartest One of All? 8. Building Nets from Bubbles and Other Mysterious Talents of Humpback Whales 9. Do Baby Sperm Whales Suck Milk through Their Noses? 10. Deep Culture 11. What's the Use of Granny? 12. Dolphin Snatchers 13. Friendly Mothers, Friendly Calves? 14. The War on Fish 15. Why Blue Whales Gotta Be Big 16. What You Can See by Listening 17. What You Can Learn from the Dead 18. Let's Talk about Sex, Baby 19. Missing Meat 20. Shifting Scale Notes Index

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Book SynopsisWinner of the Sustainability Science Award 2020, Ecological Society of America Winner of the PROSE Award (Biological Sciences category) 2020, Association of American PublishersThere is a growing crisis in our oceans: mysterious outbreaks of infectious disease are on the rise. Marine epidemics can cause mass die-offs of wildlife from the bottom to the top of food chains, impacting the health of ocean ecosystems as well as lives on land. Portending global environmental disaster, ocean outbreaks are fueled by warming seas, sewage dumping, unregulated aquaculture, and drifting plastic. Ocean Outbreak follows renowned scientist Drew Harvell and her colleagues into the field as they investigate how four iconic marine animalscorals, abalone, salmon, and starfishhave been devastated by disease. Based on over twenty years of research, this firsthand account of the sometimes gradual, sometimes exploding impact of disease on our ocean's biodiversity ends with solutions and a call to action. OnlTrade Review"Harvell gives readers an inside look at the diseases that are on the rise beneath the waves. . . . in a detailed, engaging narrative." * Smithsonian *"Despite the daunting challenge that marine diseases present, Harvell's book manages to inspire both pragmatism and optimism, which likely stems from the immense number of people working alongside Harvell to better understand these issues." * Forbes Online *"Coral bleaching has become something of an everyday apocalypse. Researched, documented and foretold, it is a biotic meltdown to which we have become all too accustomed. But the seas hold other more insidious disasters, as much our fault as the heating of the oceans. They tend, though, to be less covered by the media, which is why Ocean Outbreak is such an important book. . . .[Harvell] does a first-rate job of inspiring readers, and of providing the right kind of proselytising to turn marine epidemiology into a go-to career for a new and concerned generation." * New Scientist *"Harvell vividly recounts her work at the front line, studying die-offs such as the past decade’s catastrophic starfish crash. . . . a succinct summation of two decades of research." * Nature *"A sobering account of what is happening to our seas. . . .This book is a must-read for all who care about the future of our oceans." * Times Higher Education *“The book is written in a way that science-interested members of the public, and policymakers, will find useful—but students and researchers in marine science, yearning to understand more about marine disease outbreaks, will gain just as much. Harvell beautifully articulates the urgent need for scientists and non-scientists alike to do more to understand and protect the ocean.” * Oceanography *"Harvell skillfully navigates through various outbreaks, breaking down what’s happening as well as root causes. And she provides ample hope: oftentimes, by addressing human health issues, we can also help marine creatures." * Cool Green Science/The Nature Conservancy *"An engaging, eye-opening report on the diseases affecting the health of the ocean . . . Harvell writes from a scientist’s perspective, yet her style is down to earth and her prose is accessible. As such, she achieves her essential objective of making the public “more aware of the seriousness of the threats that ocean pathogens pose to our food supplies, economies, livelihoods, and health.” * Foreword Reviews *"This well-written narrative can benefit a wide range of audiences. It provides insights not only into marine diseases but also into the constraints and practices of scientists responding to environmental threats." * CHOICE *"This book is written with the intent to encourage development of policies to prevent and limit the spread of future outbreaks by not only educating policymakers, but engaging a broader audience. Harvell makes a plea for action, citing the need for surveillance of farmed species like salmon, shrimp, oysters, and abalone, where disease outbreaks also pose threats for wild populations." * Fisheries *"Harvell is a skilled science writer and covers the topics with sufficient depth to keep disease aficionados on their toes, marveling at the complexity of diseases in the ocean. . . .The narrative is beautifully written and designed to even be consumed by people who know nothing about infectious [marine] diseases or, worse yet, might fear words like “microbe” or “pathogen” the way a 6th grade math phobe would look at his/her first quadratic equation." * SeaDoc Society Blog *"We’ve all heard the oceans are sick, but this book helps explain why through recent histories of four iconic marine animals” * Society of Environmental Journalists Blog *"Harvell is a writer with a style that is as captivating as it is informative." * Well-Read Naturalist *"This personal account makes for a lively read, filled with both humorous and harrowing stories from field research. . . . well written and appropriate for a range of readers interested in how global change affects ocean ecosystems and the interconnectedness of ocean organisms." * Quarterly Review of Biology *

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Book SynopsisSouthern California is sandwiched between two tectonic plates with an ever-shifting boundary. Over the last several million years, movements of these plates have dramatically reshuffled the Earth's crust to create rugged landscapes and seascapes riven with active faults. Movement along these faults triggers earthquakes and tsunamis, pushes up mountains, and lifts sections of coastline. Over geologic time, beaches come and go, coastal bluffs retreat, and the sea rises and falls.Nothing about Southern California's coast is stable. Surf, Sand, and Stone tells the scientific story of the Southern California coast: its mountains, islands, beaches, bluffs, surfing waves, earthquakes, and related phenomena. It takes readers from San Diego to Santa Barbara, revealing the evidence for how the coast's features came to be and how they are continually changing. With a compelling narrative and clear illustrations, Surf, Sand, and Stone outlines how the coast will be altered in the future and how Trade Review"With a compelling narrative and clear illustrations, Surf, Sand, and Stone outlines how the coast will be altered in the future and how we can best prepare for it." -- Ian Paulsen, * Birdbooker Report *"Meldahl is a fine writer, easing his readers into difficult concepts gently, explaining them fully, providing excellent illustrations with fully explanatory captions and using the imagery of the everyday to make difficult concepts seem less so." * Geological Journal *"Reading Meldahl’s Surf, Sand, and Stone brought back to me the thrill I felt when discovering geography. . . . Meldahl has a terrific gift for explaining complex processes in accessible language, and the presentation feels honed to a pedagogic razor’s edge by years of lecturing to intelligent surfer-students in Orange County. The book includes dozens of useful maps, photos, and diagrams." * Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers *Table of ContentsPreface1. Time, Faults, and Moving Plates: A Recipe for Southern California2. Tsunamis3. Earthquakes4. Disassembling Southern California5. Waves and Surfing6. Beaches and Coastal Bluffs7. Sea-Level Changes and the Ice AgesAfterwordAcknowledgmentsAppendix: Seeing for YourselfGlossaryNotes on SourcesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisWinner of the Sustainability Science Award 2020, Ecological Society of America Winner of the PROSE Award (Biological Sciences category) 2020, Association of American PublishersThere is a growing crisis in our oceans: mysterious outbreaks of infectious disease are on the rise. Marine epidemics can cause mass die-offs of wildlife from the bottom to the top of food chains, impacting the health of ocean ecosystems as well as lives on land. Portending global environmental disaster, ocean outbreaks are fueled by warming seas, sewage dumping, unregulated aquaculture, and drifting plastic. Ocean Outbreak follows renowned scientist Drew Harvell and her colleagues into the field as they investigate how four iconic marine animalscorals, abalone, salmon, and starfishhave been devastated by disease. Based on over twenty years of research, this firsthand account of the sometimes gradual, sometimes exploding impact of disease on our ocean's biodiversity ends with solutions and a call to action. OnlTrade Review"Harvell gives readers an inside look at the diseases that are on the rise beneath the waves. . . . in a detailed, engaging narrative." * Smithsonian *"Despite the daunting challenge that marine diseases present, Harvell's book manages to inspire both pragmatism and optimism, which likely stems from the immense number of people working alongside Harvell to better understand these issues." * Forbes Online *"Coral bleaching has become something of an everyday apocalypse. Researched, documented and foretold, it is a biotic meltdown to which we have become all too accustomed. But the seas hold other more insidious disasters, as much our fault as the heating of the oceans. They tend, though, to be less covered by the media, which is why Ocean Outbreak is such an important book. . . .[Harvell] does a first-rate job of inspiring readers, and of providing the right kind of proselytising to turn marine epidemiology into a go-to career for a new and concerned generation." * New Scientist *"Harvell vividly recounts her work at the front line, studying die-offs such as the past decade’s catastrophic starfish crash. . . . a succinct summation of two decades of research." * Nature *"A sobering account of what is happening to our seas. . . .This book is a must-read for all who care about the future of our oceans." * Times Higher Education *“The book is written in a way that science-interested members of the public, and policymakers, will find useful—but students and researchers in marine science, yearning to understand more about marine disease outbreaks, will gain just as much. Harvell beautifully articulates the urgent need for scientists and non-scientists alike to do more to understand and protect the ocean.” * Oceanography *"Harvell skillfully navigates through various outbreaks, breaking down what’s happening as well as root causes. And she provides ample hope: oftentimes, by addressing human health issues, we can also help marine creatures." * Cool Green Science/The Nature Conservancy *"This well-written narrative can benefit a wide range of audiences. It provides insights not only into marine diseases but also into the constraints and practices of scientists responding to environmental threats." * CHOICE *"This book is written with the intent to encourage development of policies to prevent and limit the spread of future outbreaks by not only educating policymakers, but engaging a broader audience. Harvell makes a plea for action, citing the need for surveillance of farmed species like salmon, shrimp, oysters, and abalone, where disease outbreaks also pose threats for wild populations." * Fisheries *"Harvell is a skilled science writer and covers the topics with sufficient depth to keep disease aficionados on their toes, marveling at the complexity of diseases in the ocean. . . .The narrative is beautifully written and designed to even be consumed by people who know nothing about infectious [marine] diseases or, worse yet, might fear words like “microbe” or “pathogen” the way a 6th grade math phobe would look at his/her first quadratic equation." * SeaDoc Society Blog *"We’ve all heard the oceans are sick, but this book helps explain why through recent histories of four iconic marine animals” * Society of Environmental Journalists Blog *"This personal account makes for a lively read, filled with both humorous and harrowing stories from field research. . . . well written and appropriate for a range of readers interested in how global change affects ocean ecosystems and the interconnectedness of ocean organisms." * Quarterly Review of Biology *

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Book SynopsisRex and Etter present the first synthesis of patterns and causes of biodiversity in organisms that dwell in the vast sediment ecosystem of ocean floor. They offer a new understanding of marine biodiversity that will be of general interest to ecologists and is crucial to responsible exploitation of natural resources at the deep-sea floor.Trade ReviewRex and Etter offer a truly novel synthesis of an exciting and dynamic subject. They have done an exceptional job of compiling new data that captures the history, idea development, and current conceptual understanding of the abundance and diversity of the deep sea. -- Lisa A. Levin, Scripps Institution of OceanographyDeep-sea ecology is experiencing an international resurgence. This book should become a landmark. -- Robert S. Carney, Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State UniversitySpecies diversity is considered briefly in the few books that address deep-sea biology but there is nothing to compare with the depth, insight and clarity of Deep-Sea Biodiversity. This book fills an important niche in deep-sea ecology. -- Paul A. Tyler, National Oceanography Centre, SouthamptonRex and Etter's great achievement will be an essential volume on any marine scientist's bookshelf. It relates the great discovery of biodiversity patterns in the deep-sea floor to the physical and biological dynamics of the global ocean and its regions, and provides an important evolutionary and geological history perspective on the assembly of present day patterns of biodiversity. -- Jeffrey Levinton, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University

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Book SynopsisAny viable strategy for sustaining the world's oceans must reflect the relationships among all ecosystem components, human and nonhuman species included. Marine Ecosystem-Based Management is a state-of-the-art synopsis of the conservation approaches that are currently being translated from theory to action on a global scale.

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Book SynopsisWe have long been fascinated with the oceans and sought “to pierce the profundity” of their depths. But the history of marine science also tells us a lot about ourselves. Antony Adler explores the ways in which scientists, politicians, and the public have invoked ocean environments in imagining the fate of humanity and of the planet.Trade ReviewIn his entertaining, readable history of marine science, [Adler] shows how humanity’s fundamental ignorance about the sea has often fed fantastical ideas of it as savior, battlefield, playground, storehouse, angry beast or hapless victim…Left me with a sense of urgency about the ocean’s perilous state…Enlightening. -- Boris Worm * Nature *The best narrative of oceanography’s history that I have ever read, Neptune’s Laboratory elucidates humanity’s relationship with the ocean. Compelling, imaginative, and exceptionally well researched, this book will make a difference in the world by offering insight into the fears and fantasies that forged our understandings of the ocean in the past and how, against mounting environmental challenges, they continue to shape our courses of action. -- Helen Rozwadowski, author of Vast Expanses: A History of the OceansA social and cultural history of how Western societies have, over the last two hundred years, conceptualized the oceans as a place that can be scientifically understood…Thoughtful and well conceived. It communicates a changing understanding and imagining of the oceans… While of obvious interest to scholars of the ‘oceanic turn,’ it should also find a much broader audience among those interested in how the public interacts with science and with the environment, and how these interests feed and are fed by political goals and fears. -- Penelope K. Hardy * British Journal for the History of Science *Neptune’s Laboratory is a major accomplishment. Adler contributes penetrating new insights into marine research and technology from the last two centuries, and examines how that scholarship has shaped scientists’ hopes and fears for the future. The result is a sophisticated, evocative, and highly original approach to subject matter that challenges easy analysis. -- Eric Mills, author of The Fluid Envelope of Our Planet: How the Study of Ocean Currents Became a ScienceThis book presents a remarkable account of the imagined futures that scientists, politicians, explorers, and mariners built around marine environments over two centuries. Taking us through the history of marine sciences from the nineteenth century to the present, Adler argues for a picture of oceanography that takes seriously practice, context, and a profound human engagement with the oceans. Neptune’s Laboratory will appeal to anyone interested in the history of the future. -- Simon Werrett, author of Thrifty Science: Making the Most of Materials in the History of ExperimentAn engaging new book about the history of humanity’s relationship with, and improving understanding of, the ocean…Neptune’s Laboratory is not only about the history of modern marine science but also about how we perceive the ocean—and how that perception has changed over time. -- David Shiffman * Issues in Science and Technology *

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Book SynopsisThis book sets forth the physical, mathematical, and numerical foundations of computer models used to understand and predict the global ocean climate system. Aimed at students and researchers of ocean and climate science who seek to understand the physical content of ocean model equations and numerical methods for their solution, it is largely general in formulation and employs modern mathematical techniques. It also highlights certain areas of cutting-edge research. Stephen Griffies presents material that spans a broad spectrum of issues critical for modern ocean climate models. Topics are organized into parts consisting of related chapters, with each part largely self-contained. Early chapters focus on the basic equations arising from classical mechanics and thermodynamics used to rationalize ocean fluid dynamics. These equations are then cast into a form appropriate for numerical models of finite grid resolution. Basic discretization methods are described for commonlTrade Review"Stephen Griffie's book ... will be found open on the desks of those who develop ocean models for years to come... This is a unique and useful work."--Matthew Hecht, Bulletin of the American Meteorological SocietyTable of ContentsFOREWORD XIII PREFACE XV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XXV ABOUT THE COVER XXVII LIST OF SYMBOLS XXIX Chapter 1. OCEAN CLIMATE MODELS 1 1.1 Ocean models as tools for ocean science 1 1.2 Ocean climate models 2 1.3 Challenges of climate change 3 PART 1. FUNDAMENTAL OCEAN EQUATIONS 5 Chapter 2. BASICS OF OCEAN FLUID MECHANICS 7 2.1 Some fundamental ocean processes 7 2.2 The continuum hypothesis 9 2.3 Kinematics of fluid motion 10 2.4 Kinematical and dynamical approximations 16 2.5 Averaging over scales and realizations 20 2.6 Numerical discretization 21 2.7 Chapter summary 22 Chapter 3. KINEMATICS 24 3.1 Introduction 24 3.2 Mathematical preliminaries 24 3.3 The divergence theorem and budget analyses 29 3.4 Volume and mass conserving kinematics 31 3.5 Chapter summary 40 Chapter 4. DYNAMICS 42 4.1 Introduction 42 4.2 Motion on a rotating sphere 43 4.3 Principles of continuum dynamics 47 4.4 Dynamics of fluid parcels 51 4.5 Hydrostatic pressure 56 4.6 Dynamics of hydrostatic fluid columns 58 4.7 Fluid motion in a rapidly rotating system 62 4.8 Vertical stratification 68 4.9 Vorticity and potential vorticity 70 4.10 Particle dynamics on a rotating sphere 75 4.11 Symmetry and conservation laws 80 4.12 Chapter summary 83 Chapter 5. THERMO-HYDRODYNAMICS 87 5.1 General types of ocean tracers 87 5.2 Basic equilibrium thermodynamics 91 5.3 Energy of a fluid parcel 95 5.4 Global mechanical energy balance 105 5.5 Basic non-equilibrium thermodynamics 110 5.6 Thermodynamical tracers 111 5.7 Ocean density 114 5.8 Chapter summary 118 Chapter 6. GENERALIZED VERTICAL COORDINATES 121 6.1 Introduction 121 6.2 Concerning the choice of vertical coordinate 122 6.3 Generalized surfaces 128 6.4 Local orthonormal coordinates 130 6.5 Mathematics of generalized vertical coordinates 131 6.6 Metric tensors 136 6.7 The dia-surface velocity component 138 6.8 Conservation of mass and volume for parcels 141 6.9 Kinematic boundary conditions 143 6.10 Primitive equations 145 6.11 Transformation of SGS tracer flux components 147 6.12 Chapter summary 149 PART 2. AVERAGED DESCRIPTIONS 153 Chapter 7. CONCERNI NG UNRESOLVED PHYSICS 155 7.1 Represented dynamics and parameterized physics 155 7.2 Lateral (neutral) and vertical processes 157 7.3 Basic mechanisms for dianeutral transport 159 7.4 Dianeutral transport in models 161 7.5 Numerically induced spurious dianeutral transport 166 7.6 Chapter summary 167 Chapter 8. EULERIAN AVERAGED EQUATIONS 169 8.1 Introduction 169 8.2 The nonhydrostatic shallow ocean equations 171 8.3 Averaged kinematics 173 8.4 Averaged kinematics over finite domains 174 8.5 Averaged tracer 179 8.6 Averaged momentum budget 182 8.7 Summary of the Eulerian averaged equations 183 8.8 Mapping to ocean model variables 185 8.9 Chapter summary 187 Chapter 9. KINEMATICS OF AN ISENTROPIC ENSEMBLE 189 9.1 Parameterizing mesoscale eddies 189 9.2 Advection and skewsion 191 9.3 Volume conservation 194 9.4 Ensemble mean tracer equation 203 9.5 Quasi-Stokes transport in z-models 206 9.6 Chapter summary 212 PART 3. SEMI-DISCRETE EQUATIONS AND ALGORITHMS 215 Chapter 10. DISCRETIZATION BASICS 217 10.1 Discretization methods 217 10.2 An introduction to Arakawa grids 218 10.3 Time stepping 219 10.4 Chapter summary 221 Chapter 11. MASS AND TRACER BUDGETS 222 11.1 Summary of the continuous model equations 222 11.2 Tracer and mass/volume compatibility 223 11.3 Mass budget for a grid cell 223 11.4 Mass budget for a discrete fluid column 227 11.5 Tracer budget for a grid cell 228 11.6 Fluxes for turbulence mixed layer schemes 232 11.7 Flux plus restore boundary conditions 233 11.8 Z-like vertical coordinate models 234 11.9 Chapter summary 235 Chapter 12. ALGORITHMS FOR HYDROSTATIC OCEAN MODELS 237 12.1 Summary of the continuous model equations 237 12.2 Budget of linear momentum for a grid cell 238 12.3 Strategies for time stepping momentum 244 12.4 A leap-frog algorithm 248 12.5 Discretization of time tendencies 251 12.6 A time staggered algorithm 258 12.7 Barotropic updates with a predictor-corrector 262 12.8 Stability considerations 265 12.9 Smoothing the surface height in B-grid models 277 12.10 Rigid lid streamfunction method 278 12.11 Chapter summary 280 PART 4. NEUTRAL PHYSICS 281 Chapter 13. BASICS OF NEUTRAL PHYSICS 283 13.1 Concerning the utility of neutral physics 283 13.2 Notation and summary of scalar budgets 286 13.3 Compatibility in the mean field budgets 287 13.4 The SGS tracer transport tensor 288 13.5 Advection and skewsion 290 13.6 Neutral tracer fluxes 291 13.7 Chapter summary and a caveat on the conjecture 294 Chapter 14. NEUTRAL TRANSPORT OPERATORS 296 14.1 Neutral diffusion 296 14.2 Gent-McWilliams stirring 304 14.3 Summarizing the neutral physics fluxes 308 14.4 Flow-dependent diffusivities 309 14.5 Biharmonic operators 317 14.6 Chapter summary and some challenges 326 Chapter 15. NEUTRAL PHYSICS NEAR THE SURFACE BOUNDARY 328 15.1 Linear stability for neutral diffusion 328 15.2 Linear stability for GM stirring 332 15.3 Neutral physics near boundaries 333 15.4 Chapter summary and caveats 343 Chapter 16. FUNCTIONAL DISCRETIZATION OF NEUTRAL PHYSICS 345 16.1 Foundations for discrete neutral physics 345 16.2 Introduction to the discretization 350 16.3 A one-dimensional warm-up 352 16.4 Elements of the discrete dissipation functional 354 16.5 Triad stencils and some more notation 361 16.6 The discrete diffusion operator 363 16.7 Diffusive flux components 367 16.8 Further issues of numerical implementation 371 16.9 Chapter summary 374 PART 5. HORIZONTAL FRICTION 377 Chapter 17. HORIZONTAL FRICTION IN MODELS 379 17.1 Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq friction 379 17.2 Introduction and general framework 379 17.3 Properties of the stress tensor 380 17.4 Properties of the viscosity tensor 387 17.5 Transverse isotropy 389 17.6 Transverse anisotropy 393 17.7 Generalized orthogonal coordinates 396 17.8 Dissipation functional 398 17.9 Biharmonic friction 402 17.10 Some mathematical details 404 17.11 Chapter summary 407 Chapter 18. CHOOSING THE HORIZONTAL VISCOSITY 409 18.1 Stability and resolution considerations 409 18.2 Comparing Laplacian and biharmonic mixing 415 18.3 Smagorinsky viscosity 416 18.4 Background viscosity 420 18.5 Viscosities for anisotropic friction 421 18.6 Chapter summary 422 Chapter 19. FUNCTIONAL DISCRETIZATION OF FRICTION 424 19.1 Comments on notation 424 19.2 Summary of the various formulations 425 19.3 Horizontal friction discretization 426 19.4 Laplacian plus metric form of isotropic friction 436 19.5 Chapter summary 439 PART 6. TENSOR ANALYSIS 441 Chapter 20. ELEMENTARY TENSOR ANALYSIS 443 20.1 Introduction 443 20.2 Some practical motivation 444 20.3 Coordinates and vectors 446 20.4 The metric and coordinate transformations 448 20.5 Transformations of a vector 451 20.6 One-forms 452 20.7 Mapping between vectors and one-forms 454 20.8 Transformation of a one-form 454 20.9 Arbitrary tensors and their transformations 455 20.10 Tensorial properties of the gradient operator 456 20.11 The invariant volume element 457 20.12 Determinants and the Levi-Civita symbol 459 20.13 Surfaces embedded in Euclidean space 461 20.14 Chapter summary 464 Chapter 21. CALCULUS ON CURVED MANIFOLDS 466 21.1 Fundamental character of tensor equations 466 21.2 Covariant differentiation 468 21.3 Covariant derivative of a second order tensor 470 21.4 Christoffel symbols in terms of the metric 471 21.5 Covariant divergence of a vector 471 21.6 Covariant divergence of a second order tensor 472 21.7 Covariant Laplacian of a scalar 473 21.8 Covariant curl of a vector 473 21.9 Covariant Laplacian of a vector 473 21.10 Integral theorems 474 21.11 Orthogonal curvilinear coordinates 474 21.12 Summary of curvilinear tensor analysis 481 PART 7. EPILOGUE 487 Chapter 22. SOME CLOSING COMMENTS AND CHALLENGES 489 BIBLIOGRAPHY 493 Index 511

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Book SynopsisUntil 1997, few people had heard of the seasonal current that Peruvians nicknamed El Nino. This book discusses the scientific, political, economic and cultural developments that shaped our perceptions of this force of nature. It outlines the history of El Nino, an innocuous current that appears off the coast of Peru around Christmas time.Trade Review"George Philander provides [an understanding of El Nino] simply and authoritatively. He does so, not by losing the reader in elaborate descriptions of data acquisition and mathematical modeling, but by the apt use of analogies drawn from the viewpoints of the poet, musician and painter."--Richard Shelton, Times Literary Supplement "Our Affair with El Nino is a very readable, entertaining and instructive book that will appeal to scientists and non-scientists alike... [Philander] writes with the enthusiasm of an eye-witness and the authority of an expert. The book skillfully weaves together descriptions of El Nino physics, the historical backdrop that led to widespread interest in El Nino, and the philosophical perspectives on the role of scientific research in addressing present-day environmental problems."--Michael J. McPhaden, Nature "[Philander] presents the current scientific understanding of El Nino concisely, explaining the details of circulation in the ocean and atmosphere with lucid analogies and thoughtful examples. He describes the broad outlines of how this understanding emerged, piecemeal, along complex and tangled paths. It is as a work in the history of science that the book makes its greatest contributions."--Benjamin S. Orlove, American ScientistTable of ContentsACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix PROLOGUE: Assessing Our Affair as It Approaches a Critical Juncture 1 PART 1: WHO IS EL NINO? 1 A Mercurial Character 11 2 A Fallen Angel? 28 3 A Construct of Ours 34 4 A Matchmaker 40 PART 2: OUR DILEMMA 5 Two Incompatible Cultures 65 6 "Small" Science versus "Big" Science 81 PART 3: COMMON GROUND 7 The Perspective of a Painter 93 8 The Perspective of a Poet 118 9 The Perspective of a Musician 129 10 A Marriage of the "Hard" and "Soft" Sciences 139 11 The Cloud 151 PART 4: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SCIENCE 12 Predicting the Weather 161 13 Investigating the Atmospheric Circulation 177 14 Exploring the Oceans 189 15 Reconciling Divergent Perspectives on El Nino 213 16 Taking a Long-Term Geological View 227 PART 5: COPING WITH HAZARDS 17 Famines in India 237 18 Fisheries of Peru 240 19 Droughts in Zimbabwe 244 EPILOGUE: Becoming Custodians of Planet Earth 251 NOTES AND REFERENCES 259 INDEX 273

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