Nuclear medicine Books

Book SynopsisAccurate measurement of radiation dose received by patients undergoing radiotherapy or medical imaging is essential for ensuring effective and safe healthcare. Equally, accurate measurement of radiation dose is required to guide employers in protecting their workforce from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratories (SSDLs) are specialist laboratories used to provide calibration and guidance for end users in hospitals and industry. This publication provides detailed technical information for countries on how to establish an SSDL, including planning processes, cost estimates and timelines. The technical descriptions and guidelines may also be helpful to existing SSDL radiation metrology staff when upgrading calibration facilities or purchasing new equipment.

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Book SynopsisA quality health service, as defined by the World Health Organization, 'is one which organizes resources in the most effective way to meet the health needs of those most in need, for prevention and care, safely, without waste and within higher level requirements'. As health care standards improve globally, providing an optimal service that meets international standards and public expectations requires effective quality management. The process of quality improvement aims at defining, measuring and setting quality standards, and overcoming the associated challenges that include rising costs and skills shortages. The objective of this publication is to provide a framework for quality management systems (QMSs) to be implemented, managed and sustained holistically in nuclear medicine departments. It builds upon the IAEA's QUANUM programme, which has successfully been implemented in more than 80 countries worldwide.

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Book SynopsisMedical X-ray equipment technology has evolved exponentially in the last decades, shifting steadily from analogue to digital radiology, from single slice to multidetector-row computed tomography or from fluoroscopy to complex angiography systems. This, however, comes with associated radiation risk for patients and staff. It is therefore vital that all X-ray equipment is monitored in terms of performance to ensure accurate and safe use. Quality control (QC) represents the basic level of managing safety and quality in diagnostic radiology. This publication compiles all existing QC tests in literature for all X-ray modalities. To facilitate the use of this handbook, spreadsheets and video tutorials have been developed to help with the execution of tests.

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Book SynopsisThis publication provides a general overview of interventional radiology (IR). It presents an evidence-based rationale for establishing, improving and maintaining an IR service consistent with current clinical knowledge benchmarks. A summary is provided of necessary elements for the establishment of an IR clinical service and to ensure its sustainability. The publication includes information on specific challenges faced especially but not uniquely in emerging nations, as well as a defined list of expert recommendations. Safety and quality standards are emphasized in addition to necessary funding, human resources, education, training and certification/recertification, as well as involvement of the main professional societies.

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Book SynopsisThe IAEA has a long-standing history of providing radiotherapy dosimetry audits in its Member States. This publication summarizes the methodologies resulting from the work of four coordinated research projects (CRPs) and offers information on experiences collected during the development of dosimetry audit programmes and their implementation at national levels. It also sets the framework and provides advice on the structure of dosimetry audit centres and discusses the general approach for audit development and the necessary background to conduct dosimetry audits in radiotherapy by national organizations. It provides technical and scientific details, as well as practical experiences of the audit steps developed under these CRPs. Any organization developing national audit programmes for radiotherapy can use this publication as a reference and to learn from the experiences of other national audit networks.

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Book SynopsisThis publication complements an online tool available on the IAEA Human Health Campus website and the IAEA's International Research Integration System (IRIS). Together they address and calculate staffing requirements for the optimal and safe delivery of nuclear medicine services, based on current standards of practice and relevant IAEA guidance. Users can assess their current performance as well as additional staffing needs depending on their case-mix — the type or mix of studies or treatments performed by their nuclear medicine department — or when acquiring new technologies. This publication and the online tool are intended for hospital administrators, department heads and all nuclear medicine practitioners to support the planning of new departments, introduction of new technologies and periodic reviews of resources.

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Book SynopsisPreclinical or nonclinical evaluation is an integral part of the development of any drug. The process of developing a new radiopharmaceutical includes rigorous testing before it can be cleared for use in humans. There must be in-depth characterization of its behaviour to assess its safety and suitability for the intended clinical application. This publication provides a baseline guide for preclinical evaluation of radiopharmaceuticals that will give its readers a general review of the requirements of a facility and insight into the various scientific activities that constitute this process. The principles and protocols discussed herein will provide guidelines for biological assessment of candidate compounds, which are consistent with the principles of good laboratory practices to generate valid nonclinical scientific data towards approval for clinical translation. This publication is intended not only for researchers engaged in radiopharmaceutical development, but also for the Member States planning to set up or upgrade facilities for radiopharmaceuticals' research.

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Book SynopsisWritten to assist the implementation in medical imaging practice of the requirements of the IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 3, Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards, this publication provides consolidated information and detailed advice for setting and implementing patient radiation exposure monitoring programmes at the local or national level. In medical imaging using ionizing radiation, including X ray diagnostic radiology, diagnostic nuclear medicine and image guided interventional procedures, radiation protection of patients is achieved by selecting the most appropriate imaging procedure for the individual needs of the patient and by keeping exposure to the minimum necessary to achieve the diagnostic and interventional objective. Monitoring of radiation exposure of patients provides critical information for health care professionals and authorities who are responsible for ensuring justified and optimized use of radiation in medicine. This Safety Report provides guidance on recording, collecting and analysing relevant patient exposure data by using manual or automatic means. An aim of the publication is to encourage the future use and development of automatic digital systems to improve access to information about patient radiation exposure and thus contribute to improved implementation of the requirements for radiation protection of patients throughout the world.

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Book SynopsisRadionuclide therapy using bone targeting radiopharmaceuticals is an effective palliative care option to reduce pain associated with advanced disease with bone metastases. Over the last 20 years, suitable therapeutic radionuclides are more widely available, meaning that the benefits of pain palliation therapy could reach more patients. This publication provides a broad overview on the current status of radiopharmaceuticals for bone pain palliation. It covers production of radionuclides, identification of bone seeking carrier molecules, preparation of stable complexes, in vitro and in vivo evaluations and dosimetry studies which are part of the development of these radiopharmaceuticals for clinical use. Details on production and quality control of the currently available products, provided here will be of use to scientists involved in the development of these radiopharmaceuticals.

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Book SynopsisThis Safety Guide provides recommendations and guidance on fulfilling the requirements of IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 3, Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards, for ensuring radiation protection and safety of radiation sources in medical uses of ionizing radiation with regard to patients, workers, carers and comforters, volunteers in biomedical research, and the public. It covers radiological procedures in diagnostic radiology (including dentistry), image guided interventional procedures, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy. Recommendations and guidance are provided on applying a systematic approach to ensure that there is a balance between being able to utilize the benefits from medical uses of ionizing radiation and minimizing the risk of radiation effects to people.

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Book SynopsisBreast Cancer Mimics is an enthralling collection of case scenarios collected by radiologists across the globe, highlighting the one common line of thought– benign breast lesions that resemble malignancies. Composed of dedicated breast radiologists, this book reflects the practical challenges that have been encountered in actual scenarios. Sufficient and only relevant content has been provided, with more emphasis being laid on the images and descriptors which can aid in distinguishing these conditions from malignancies. Key Features Wide coverage of all benign conditions which mimic malignancy on imaging. Apart from common conditions, even some of the rarest cases such as mammary tuberculosis, filariasis, granular cell tumor of the breast, and angiomatosis have been covered. Classified, topic-specific literature background and histology creates a complete picture for the reader. Self-assessment questions at the end of each unit enable the reader to not only recapitulate the content but also stimulate the thinking process. Urszula Wegner, MD, is an experienced Consultant Radiologist who is recognized for her aptitude in research with regard to breast imaging. She has worked across the United Kingdom and Europe, building a robust academic and professional development record. After being awarded the National Diploma in Radiology &Diagnostic Imaging and EDIR Diploma, she has pursued fellowships in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and an observership in Germany. Her research interests include mammography and early breast cancer detection with contrast-enhanced mammography and MRI. She has been an invited presenter at RSNA 2019 and also authored ESR assessment modules. Chitrangada Singh, MD, is a gold medalist in Radiology. A slew of award-winning presentations led her toward bagging the scholarship in Advanced Breast Imaging offered by the European Society of Radiology (ESR) at the United Kingdom. A wide array of breast interventions, vacuum-aided biopsies and excisions, innovative methods of localizations, CESM, MRI, and CT staging with surgical and pathological correlations have been an essential part of her training at the United Kingdom. A winner of the RSNA grant 2019, she has authored numerous publications in national and international journals. Table of Contents1. Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases 2. Metabolic and Immunologic Conditions 3. Lesions of Vascular and Neural Origin 4. Proliferative Disorders 5. Miscellaneous Lesions Summary Quiz

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Book SynopsisOver the past decade, fluorine (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has garnered significant scientific interest in the biomedical research community owing to the unique properties of fluorinated materials and the 19F nucleus. Fluorine has an intrinsically sensitive nucleus for MRI. There is negligible endogenous 19F in the body and thus there is no background signal. Fluorine-containing compounds are ideal tracer labels for a wide variety of MRI applications. Moreover, the chemical shift and nuclear relaxation rate can be made responsive to physiology via creative molecular design. This book is an interdisciplinary compendium that details cutting-edge science and medical research in the emerging field of 19F MRI. Edited by Ulrich Flögel and Eric Ahrens, two prominent MRI researchers, this book will appeal to investigators involved in MRI, biomedicine, immunology, pharmacology, probe chemistry, and imaging physics. Trade Review"Since the first published images in the mid 1970s, 19F MRI has made a significant comeback in molecular and cellular imaging during the last 10 years. This book is written by an international gathering of scientists who have been expert witnesses to this renaissance, covering every aspect from physical, chemical, and biological perspectives."—Dr. Jeff W. M. Bulte, Johns Hopkins University, USA"Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Imaging provides a splendid overview of how the 19F nucleus can be exploited to interrogate healthy and diseased tissues. Written by recognized experts in MRI pulse sequences, imaging hardware, contrast agent chemistry, pharmacy, and medicine, it covers the whole field from the technique to clinical application. An important and highly recommended book."—Prof. Gustav J. Strijkers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"This is an authoritative and comprehensive book on a very important and emerging topic in the field of MRI and biomedical imaging. The editors have engaged the leaders in 19F MRI and cover all basic and advanced concepts in this field. The book is rich in illustrations and examples, which facilitate comprehension. I have no doubt that it is going to be a valuable resource in helping the next generation of scientists and clinicians to continue the process of advancing 19F MRI and its application in biology and medicine."—Dr. Zahi A. Fayad, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USATable of ContentsTechnical Issues. Pulse Sequence Considerations and Schemes. Advanced Detection Techniques and Hardware: Simultaneous 1H/19F. Hyperpolarization for Signal Enhancement (Naumann/Bernading; Magdeburg, Germany) 19F Imaging Agents. Active Targeting of Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions. Responsive Probes for 19F MRS/MRI Inflammation Imaging. Imaging Acute Organ Transplant Rejection with 19F MRI. Cardiac Disease. Monitoring of Specific Cell Populations. Tracking Lymphocytes in vivo. Tracking of Dendritic Cells. Neural Stem Cells. Pharmacology. Fluorinated Drugs and Natural Products. Other Biomedical Applications. Imaging of the Respiratory System. Tracking of Capsules and Catheters in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract. Perspectives. Perfluorocarbon Theranostic Nanomedicines: Pharmaceutical Scientist’s Perspective.

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