Neurosurgery Books

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Book SynopsisTraumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury comprehensively covers the medical and pathological issues related to neurotrauma and its often devastating consequences. Written by globally renowned experts in the field, both clinicians and researchers will find this book invaluable to update their knowledge. This volume is divided into two sections, one covering the brain, the other the spinal cord. Each section discusses the following topics: â The demographic in the developed and developing world where neurotrauma is witnessing a massive expansion â Major clinical issues including advanced semi-experimental monitoring techniques utilized by neurosurgeons and intensivists and the potential use of identifying markers of tissue injury â Overview of major pathophysiological changes â The development of animal models; successes and limitations â Past, current and future therapeutic strategies including rehabilitative opportunities. Presenting the most up-to-date clinical and experimental reseaTable of ContentsPreface; Part I. Traumatic Brain Injury: 1. Current evaluation of TBI epidemiology in an ageing society with improved preventative measures Peter L. Reilly; 2. Neurotrauma: an emerging epidemic in low and middle income countries G. K. Prusty, G. Gururaj and K. K. Dey; 3. Blast induced traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder Ankit I. Mehta, Gerald A. Grant and Lawrence F. Marshall; 4. Psychological effects of mild traumatic brain injury: their nature and treatment Jennie Ponsford; 5. Developments of neuroimaging techniques to diagnose and visualize white matter damage Virginia F. J. Newcombe and David K. Menon; 6. New advances in monitoring the injured brain metabolism David M. Benglis, Jr, Brett Trimble and A. Ross Bullock; 7. Potential use and limitations of microdialysis for monitoring of neurochemical changes after TBI Lars Hillered and Per Enblad; 8. Metabolic and therapeutic differences in pediatric and adult TBI: implications for clinical care and therapeutic hypothermia Michael J. Bell and Patrick M. Kochanek; 9. Utility of biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of traumatic brain injury Kevin K. W. Wang, Linda Papa and Ronald L. Hayes; 10. Animal models of mild and severe TBI: what have we learned in the past 30 years? Jenna M. Ziebell, Frances Corrigan and Robert Vink; 11. Pediatric brain trauma: what do age-appropriate animal models teach us about the age-at-injury? Ramesh Raghupathi and Jimmy W. Huh; 12. The complexity of traumatic axonal injury Kathryn E. Saatman; 13. Cerebral inflammation after traumatic injury: regulation of secondary damage, repair or both? Bridgette D. Semple and M. Cristina Morganti-Kossmann; 14. Controversial findings on the role of NMDA receptors in traumatic brain injury Esther Shohami and Anat Biegon; 15. Plasticity and recovery of the injured brain Dorothy A. Kozlowski and Theresa A. Jones; 16. Design and analysis of clinical trials in TBI Bob Roozenbeek and Andrew Maas; 17. Future perspectives for the treatment of traumatic brain injury patients: decompressive craniectomy, hypothermia and erythropoietin Alastair D. Nichol, Jeffrey V. Rosenfeld and D. James Cooper; Part II. Traumatic Spinal Injury: 18. Global epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury Julio C. Furlan and Charles H. Tator; 19. Classification and surgical stabilization of the injured spine Ricky Rasschaert and Thomas Kossmann; 20. Spinal cord injury: pathophysiology and prospect of decompressive surgical treatment Jefferson R. Wilson and Michael G. Fehlings; 21. Modeling the injured spinal cord to match the human condition Jacqueline C. Bresnahan and Michael S. Beattie; 22. Myelin inhibitors of neurite outgrowth in spinal cord injury Michael F. Azari and Steven Petratos; 23. Controversies on the role of inflammation in the injured spinal cord John C. Gensel and Phillip G. Popovich; 24. Cell transplantation for spinal cord injury Nataliya Romanyuk, Pavla Jendelová and Eva Syková; 25. Combining transplant-based and pharmacologic interventions with behavioral training and exercise for recovery from chronic spinal cord injury Marion Murray, Laura Krisa and John Houle; 26. Chances and limits of locomotor training after damage to the central nervous system Volker Dietz; 27. Temperature management and therapeutic hypothermia for the treatment of spinal cord injury W. Dalton Dietrich; 28. Spinal cord injury clinical trials 1990–2010 Wise Young; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe earliest human known to have the capability of walking erect on two legs is Sahelanphropus, who lived 6 million years ago. The ability to stand erect led to required extensive changes in the human skeleton, including significant changes in the cervical spine. In modern humans, the cervical spine holds the head upright and gives it great mobility. The combination of great mobility in this spinal segment combined with the requirement that it carry significant weight makes the cervical spine susceptible to a wide variety of pathologies. The cervical spine not only supports the head upright, but acts as a channel for the full set of neural elements connecting the brain with all near and distant parts of the body; thus, pathologies involving the spinal column in this segment directly affect the cervical spinal cord and exiting nerve roots. Today, excellence in spine surgery requires a thorough understanding of spinal anatomy, relevant neurology, and biomechanics, as well as skilled use of a variety of surgical techniques. The surgeon must master the ability to effectively select from a wide and constantly changing variety of alternative instrumentations and surgical approaches. In addition, the trend towards reducing the invasiveness of surgical procedures has led to the use of smaller and smaller tools and smaller surgical incisions with more limited views of the relevant anatomy. As a result of the rapid pace of change, the choice of an optimal technique in any given situation is increasingly complex. In this book, we begin with a basic review of anatomy, neurology, neurophysiology, and biomechanics. We also discuss clinical and radiological assessment required for a differential diagnosis, and present a thorough discussion of the importance of sagittal alignment of the spine and the utility of gait analysis. We proceed with a thorough discussion of nontraumatic pathologies causing cervical myelopathy, beginning with the craniocervical junction down through the subaxial spine, in pediatric and adult populations. This discussion includes steps in the differential diagnosis for specific pathologies, surgical techniques and nuances, radiation-based treatment alternatives, and special topics ranging from the use of stem cells to robotics and endoscopic surgery. We have attempted to provide both fundamental and state-of-the-art knowledge and to share the rich experience of some of the leading spine surgeons worldwide, with the aim of enabling surgeons at all levels to advance their own capabilities for performing safe and successful procedures in this area of complex anatomy.Table of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; Descriptive Anatomy and Embryology of the Cervical Spine; Biomechanics of the Cervical Spine; Differential Diagnosis of the Cervical Spine: Clinical Evaluation; Electrophysiological Assessment in Cervical Spine Disorders; Radiological Evaluation of the Non-Traumatic Cervical Spine; Sagittal Alignment of the Cervical Spine; Utility of Gait Analysis in Patients with Cervical Myelopathy; Timing of the Diagnosis in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy; Indications and Timing of Surgery in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy; Stem Cell Therapy in the Management of Cervical Degenerative Disease; C1-2 Instability and Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy; Cervical Decompression and Fusion through an Anterior Approach; Posterior Cervical Decompression with Cervical Laminoplasty; Posterior Approaches to the Cervical Spine Cervical Decompression and Fusion through an Anterior Approach; Tumors of the Craniocervical Junction; Surgical Approaches to the Craniocervical Junction for Neoplastic Lesions; Surgical Approaches in Metastatic Disease Involving the Craniocervical Junction; Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors; Intradural Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors; En Bloc Resection of Primary Bone Tumors of the Cervical Spine: Surgical Considerations and Avoiding Complications; Surgical Management of Spinal Metastases Involving the Cervical Spine; Advanced Radiotherapy for the Primary Tumors in Cervical Spine; Advanced Radiotherapy for Metastatic Disease of the Cervical Spine; Stereotactic Radiosurgery for the Management of Intradural Neoplasms of the Cervical Spine; Cervical Kyphosis and Scoliosis; Vertebral Osteomyelitis, Discitis, and Epidural Abscess of the Cervical Spine in Intravenous Drug Users; Cervical Myelopathy of Vascular Origin; Cervical Myelopathy in Pediatric Patients; The Cervical Spine in Achondroplasia; Tuberculosis of the Cervical Spine; The Role of Sagittal Alignment in Surgery for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy; Fusion Techniques for C1C2 Instability; Transoral Approach for the Lesions of the Dens; Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Craniocervical Junction; Full-Endoscopic Surgical Strategies with Anterior and Posterior Approaches; Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: The Controversy between Use of an Interbody Graft with Anterior Plating versus a Stand-Alone Cage; Cervical Disc Arthroplasty; Robotic and Image-Guided Surgery in the Cervical Spine; Operative Neurophysiology of the Cervical Spine; Surgical Complications with the Anterior Approach; Surgical Complications with the Posterior Approach; The Future of Cervical Myelopathy Management; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe book is a practical guide for neurosurgeons and radiation oncologists willing to better understand the contemporary multimodal management of neurosurgical diseases including, but not limited to, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Since its invention 1950s, SRS has dramatically impacted the treatment and prognosis of several neurosurgical diseases such as brain and spine metastases, intracranial and spinal arteriovenous malformations, benign head and spine tumors, functional neurological diseases, etc. The book is formed by 35 chapters encompassing all aspects of SRS, from basic principles to the traditional and novel clinical applications. Each chapter points out the current evidence-based indications, contraindications, and adverse effects of SRS and other techniques that should be considered as an alternative or as a complement to SRS.Table of ContentsVolume 1 -- Dedication; Foreword; Preface; A Brief History; Concepts of Physics; Concepts of Radiobiology; Stereotaxis: Principles and Techniques; The Radiosurgical Plan; Critical Structures and Their Tolerance to Radiation; Gamma Knife Radiosurgery; Linear Accelerator (LINAC) Radiosurgery; Cyberknife Radiosurgery; Radiosurgery; Spinal Radiosurgery. Volume 2 -- Brain Metastasis; Spinal Metastasis and Malignant Tumors of the Spine; Meningioma; Hemangiopericytoma; Vestibular Schwannoma; Non-Vestibular Cranial Nerve Schwannoma (NVCNS); Benign Tumors of the Spine; Sellar and Parasellar Tumors; Craniopharyngioma; Hypothalamic Hamartoma; Sinonasal and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Paraganglioma of the Head and of the Neck; Chordoma and Chondrosarcoma of the Head and of the Spine; Glial Tumors; Hemangioblastoma of the Head and of the Spine; Pediatric Brain Cancers; Arteriovenous Malformation of the Brain; Spinal Cord Arteriovenous Malformation; Dural Arteriovenous Fistula; Cavernous Malformation; Trigeminal Neuralgia; Movement Disorders; Medically-Refractory Epilepsy; Psychiatric Disorders; Index.

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Book SynopsisNowadays, neurovascular diseases represent a field of enormous interest in clinical and surgical areas because of their complex management and recent advances about surgical and endovascular techniques. The difficult decision-making process at the base of these pathologies comprehends a wide series of treatment options which ought to be mastered by all the specialists facing the neurovascular pathology. This book addresses every aspect of the most common neurovascular diseases, as intracranial aneurysms, brain and spinal cord AVMs and cavernous angiomas, cranial and spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas, as well as spontaneous cerebral haemorrhages. It also focuses on the newer technologies regarding the intraoperative imaging of the cerebral blood flow. A large part is dedicated to the surgical approaches, but also tips and tricks of the management of these complex pathologies, presented by expert and world-renowned neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists and other specialists. The first section reviews the anatomy of the skull base, cranial and spinal cord vasculature. The second analyses in detail the diagnosis, decision-making process, preoperative evaluation and surgical planning of the most common surgical neurovascular diseases. The third reports the most common surgical approaches employed for cranial neurovascular diseases, whereas the fourth miscellaneous section is mainly dedicated to the peculiar aspects regarding the management of giant and complex aneurysms, endovascular techniques, and also the role of radiosurgery for specific intra-axial vascular lesions. A further chapter describes the technical aspects regarding the use of indocyanine green and fluorescein videoangiography during neurovascular surgery. The main valuable strengths of this book lie in its case-based conception and wide number of coloured figures, tables and treatment algorithms. In its structured organization, this book serves as a practical case-based guide for neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuroradiologists, residents, fellows, physicians and medical students involved in the field of neuroscience. The book enables all these specialists to gain high-value insights into the preoperative evaluation, planning, surgical techniques, pitfalls, prevention and management of complications of the surgical neurovascular pathology. Thanks to the contribution of different world-renowned neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists and experts, this book also promotes an updated overview of the most recent advances in neurovascular and neuroendovascular surgery, at the same time encouraging an interdisciplinary approach.Table of ContentsPreface; Microsurgical Anatomy of the Cranial Base; Vascular Anatomy of the Cranial Anterior Circulation; Vascular Anatomy of the Cranial Posterior Circulation; Vascular Anatomy of the Spinal Cord; Intracranial Aneurysms; Brain Arteriovenous Malformations; Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations; Brain and Spinal Cord Cavernous Malformations; Cranial and Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas; Cerebral Hemorrhages; Principles of Neuroanesthesia; Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Neurovascular Surgery; Intraoperative Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow; Pterional Approach; Trans-Eyebrow Keyhole Approach; Cranio-Orbito-Zygomatic Approach; Interhemispheric Approach; Subtemporal Approach; Retrosigmoid Approach; Far Lateral Approach; Combined Petrosal Approach; Approaches for Brain and Spinal Cord Arteriovenous Malformations; Approaches for Brain and Spinal Cord Cavernous Malformations; Approaches for Brain and Spinal Cord Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas; Endoscope-Assisted Microneurosurgery for Intracranial Aneurysms; Surgical Management of Giant Intracranial Aneurysms; Revascularization Techniques for Complex Intracranial Aneurysms; Endovascular Treatments for Intracranial Aneurysms and Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas; Preoperative Embolization of Brain Arteriovenous Malformation; Radiosurgery for Brain and Spinal Cord Arteriovenous and Cavernous Malformations; Intraoperative Indocyanine Green and Fluorescein Videoangiography of Brain and Spinal Cord Vascular Lesions; Index.

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Book SynopsisOver the past 20 years a silent revolution in functional neurosurgery has been unfolding. This revolution, still in the making, is the development of cortical electrical neuromodulation. No book covering the field of therapeutic cortical stimulation exists and only scarce attention has been given to this new field of neuromodulation in all textbooks and related books. As a result, the majority of neurologists and neurosurgeons are unaware of this technology. The aim of this book is thus twofold: cross-fertilisation among neurologists, other health professionals and functional neurosurgeons, and defining indications and limits of cortical stimulation, invasive and non-invasive. This textbook brings together leading authorities from all over the world and provides for the first time a complete account of the field. As a "teaching" tool, all, beginners and non, will find a conclusive word in a rapidly evolving field.

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Book SynopsisSpinal cord injury (SCI) results from damage to the spinal cord due to trauma or disease and leads to partial or complete paralysis. Following SCI, physiological and lifestyle changes can lead to poor health outcomes. However, advances in injury stabilisation, medical treatment and rehabilitation have led to an increase in life expectancy. In this book, the authors present current research on the causes, risk factors and management of spinal cord injury. Topics include pain management following spinal cord injury; exercise training and its relation to slow bone loss in SCI; palliative and therapeutic strategies for SCI; NO-cGMP signalling in bulbospinal respiratory pathway after cervical spinal cord injury; and posterior pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar burst fractures.

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Book SynopsisThe pituitary gland is a very small-sized gland which plays an important role in regulating human well-being by controlling many activities of other hormone-secreting glands. It embeds in a midline, bony hollow of the cranial base and is surrounded by vital structures (eg: optic apparatus, cavernous sinuses, internal carotid arteries, and cranial nerves that control extraocular muscles). Adenoma of this gland is a challenging problem for neurosurgeons. Some are best managed with medication alone, but some are more responsive to surgery. Numerous refinements in surgical approaches to the pituitary gland have been proposed for decades. Advancements in modern surgical equipment and state-of-the-art technology of highly precise tools have given neurosurgeons a new, minimally invasive approach. Since the era of image-guided surgery, neurosurgeons have been offered many chances in innovating high precision surgical techniques via a very small incision or no incision at all. Patients received many benefits from the so-called minimally invasive surgery, particularly less side effects with greater patient comfort. Better outcome, little or no scarring, and lower complication rates of pituitary adenoma surgery resulted from little tissue manipulation by cutting-edge technology. However, the revolutionized pituitary surgery is still going ahead. Starting with the microscopic era, followed by image-guidance and then by endoscopic maneuver, all of these give neurosurgeons a streamlined, multidisciplinary approach in treatment of the pituitary adenoma. Another groundbreaking development in minimally invasive treatment for pituitary adenoma is robotic surgery. Robotic surgery of pituitary adenoma offers a wide range of treatment: passive, semiactive, active robots, and remote manipulators. Some of them are non-invasive alternatives to surgery such as Gamma Knife®, LINAC, Cyberknife®; they provide pain-free, non-surgical alternative treatment for surgically complex and invasive adenomas or inoperable patients. The era of robotic surgery is going to innovate pituitary glands surgery; as a technique, it is to become the gold standard treatment. Future progress will turn minimally invasive surgery into non-invasive treatment of pituitary adenoma sooner or later. This book examines all these issues and provides a prediction of what will happen in the future in the field of minimally invasive surgery, particularly for pituitary adenoma.

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Book SynopsisIn 1910, L'Espinasse performed the first neurosurgical endoscopic procedure for choroid plexus electrocoagulation in an infant with hydrocephalus, by use of a cystoscope. One infant was successfully treated. Walter Dandy used an endoscope to perform an unsuccessful choroid plexectomy in 1922. The next year, Mixter, using a urethroscope, performed the first successful endoscopic third ventriculostomy in a 9-month-old girl with obstructive hydrocephalus. In 1935, Scarff reported his initial results about endoscopic third ventriculostomy using a novel endoscope. His ventriculoscope had an irrigation system to prevent intraventricular collapse and was equipped with a flexible unipolar probe. In 1952, Nulsen and Spitz began the era of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting, marking the end of the initial era of neuroendoscopy. This dark period for neuroendoscopy continued until 1970s. However, in this period image capabilities of endoscopes improved with technological developments. In 1978, Vries demonstrated that ETVs were technically feasible using a fiberoptic endoscope to treat patients with hydrocephalus. In 1990, Jones and colleagues described a 50% shunt-free success rate for ETV in 24 patients with various forms of hydrocephalus. Four years later, the same group reported an improved success rate of 61% in a series of 103 patients. Currently, ETV is primarily used to treat obstructive hydrocephalus due to benign aqueductal stenosis or compressive periaqueductal mass lesions. Modern shunt-free success rates range from 80 to 95%. The field of neuroendoscopy has extended beyond ventricular procedures. The endoscope is currently used for all types of neurosurgically treatable diseases such as obstructive hydrocephalus, various intraventricular lesions, hypothalamic hamartomas, craniosynostosis, skull base tumors, and spinal lesions and rare subtypes of hydrocephalus. With the evolution of surgical techniques, endoscopy has emerged as a suitable alternative to many instances of more invasive methods. Surgeons using a neuroendoscope can perform many complex operations through very small incisions. Nowadays, neurosurgeons prefer neuroendoscopic surgery for many different lesions because of less damage to healthy tissue, low complication rate and excellent results. Neuroendoscopic surgery is a specialty within neurosurgery and requires a neurosurgeon to undergo specialized training. In this book, we focused on neuroendoscopic procedures and challenges. We have created this book with the hope that it can be a guide for neurosurgeons who are interested in neuroendoscopic interventions.Table of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgement; The Evolution of Sympathetic Ablations from Open into Endoscopic Approaches: The Merits and Drawbacks; How to Manage Isolated Fourth Ventricle Syndrome?; Radiological Evaluation of the Stoma Patency in Intraventricular Fenestrations; Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Skull Base Pathologies in Children; EndoscopeAssisted Microsurgery of Pediatric Brain Tumors; Suprasellar Arachnoid Cysts: Retrospective Series and Literature Review; Neuroendoscopic Challenges in the Treatment of Ventricular Tumors; Index.

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Book SynopsisNeurosurgery represents one of the most specialised arenas in modern medicine. Today, more than ever, patients with neurological disorders seek opinions from a variety of specialists and are often treated by teams of physicians. While consensus is often reached within institutions, regional variation is found between institutions. The lack of high quality clinical evidence contributes to this problem. This textbook aims to examine some of the most controversial areas of neurological surgery by applying the current evidence to illuminate our understanding of the pathophysiology of each disease and the outcomes from surgical and non-surgical treatments. Today's neurosurgeon must be able to apply current evidence in the clinic to determine, for example: Which aneurysm should be treated with endovascular or open vascular techniques? Which degenerative lumbar spine should be fused, decompressed, or both and which spine's deformity should be corrected and to what extent? Whether an acoustic neuroma should be treated, followed, removed, or irradiated? This is a textbook that will challenge current dogmas in many instances, provide an organised framework for understanding where current evidence can be applied clinically, and illustrate where gaps in the evidence exist and how these deficiencies may be filled in the future. In the first chapter, "Clinical Evidence", the reader will gain an understanding of the levels of clinical evidence and will learn what types of study designs are appropriate and in which situations. The textbook is then divided into six sections: Spine, Vascular, Tumour, Paediatrics, Functional, and Trauma. Each section's editors have provided a brief synopsis of the specific challenges within each field followed by chapters that provide the current evidence in areas where clinical uncertainty lies.Table of ContentsSection 1 - Clinical evidence; Section 2 - Spinal neurosurgery; Section 3 - Functional neurosurgery; Section 4 - Tumors; Section 5 - Pediatric neurosurgery; Section 6 - Vascular neurosurgery; Section 7 - Neurotrauma.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisOver a half million people each year suffer brain-damaging injuries and diseases -- but the outlook for their eventual recovery is far more hopeful than it was just a short while ago. 'Brain Repair offers an up-to-the-minute introduction to the advances being made in the research, technology, and treatment of brain damage.Trade Review"Fascinating and helful in better understanding the brain."--The New England Journal of Medicine "Justifiable optimism is the theme of this carefully thought-out, clearly written book."--Booklist "...these 3 prominent neuroscientists have marshalled a vast accumulation of knowledge....This book should be on the 'must-have' list of anyone interested in biological psychiatry....as a summation of major research work in the last 50 years, this book is a bargain....buy it."--Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience "The authors have done a marvelous job of summarizing the vast amount of literature related to this subject and describing it in accessible language. Many interested laypersons will find the content both fascinating and helpful in better understanding the brain."--The New England Journal of Medicine "A unique account of recent research on the variables that influence regeneration and recovery of function in the nervous system after brain damage."--Choice "Justifiable optimism is the theme of this carefully thought-out, clearly written book. Stein and his colleagues survey the growth of knowledge about the brain, its injuries and diseases; examine current approaches to the repair of those traumas and the rehabilitation and retraining of their sufferers; and discuss procedures of examination and diagnosis....Professional and lay readers alike should ponder this pioneering book."--BooklistTable of Contents1. How the brain functions: A brief chronology of a long history ; 2. Looking into the living brain ; 3. Neuronal and synaptic plasticity: Neurons at work ; 4. Regeneration, repair and reorganization ; 5. Factors in the brain that enhance growth and repair ; 6. Age, time, and plasticity ; 7. Brain transplants as therapy for brain injuries ; 8. The pharmacology of brain injury repair ; 9. Environment, brain function and brain repair ; 10. Where do we go from here?

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisNeuroprognostication in patients with primary neurological diagnoses is increasingly complex, as the focus of the field moves from survivorship to improving quality of life. With guidance on choosing the right management strategy for a range of diseases and exploring new frontiers such as machine learning, this is a key resource.

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Trade ReviewFrom the book reviews: "This book covers the major aspects of epilepsy care from a neuropsychological perspective. ... This book is intended to provide much more specific guidance on special procedures and consideration in working with patients with epilepsy. The book is clearly meant for neuropsychologists, but it also aims to be appropriate for other medical professionals to help better understand neuropsychological procedures and better integrate them into epilepsy care." (Christopher J. Graver, Doody's Book Reviews, April, 2015)Table of ContentsSection I: Introduction.- Historical Introduction on Epilepsy and Neuropsychology.- Neuropsychological Testing of Patients with Epilepsy.- Section II: Evaluation of the Surgical Candidate.- Neuropsychological Evaluation of the Presurgical Candidate.- The Wada Test.- Extraoperative and Intraoperative Brain Mapping.- Structural Imaging and Quantitative MRI.- Functional Imaging Techniques: fMRI and MEG.- Postoperative Neuropsychological Testing.- Section III. Special Topics.- Children.- Adolescents and Young Adults.- Elderly Patients.- Adults in the Work Force.- Developmentally Disabled Adults.- Psychotherapeutic Approaches.- Cognitive Remediation.- Section IV. Summary and Conclusion.- Future Trends

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Book SynopsisThe overall incidence of meningiomas, particularly in the developed countries, is rising due to a growing size of the aging population, with people living longer and enjoying healthier lives than ever before. Additionally, an increased utilization of imaging studies such as computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) for routine evaluation of closed head injuries, paranasal sinus problems and various non-specific neurological symptoms, ranging from headaches to dizziness, has contributed to enhanced detection of incidental meningiomas. The book contains the most up-to-date information in all matters related to meningiomas, and is written by multiple contributors - internationally recognized experts in their respective fields from Asia, USA and Europe. This is an essential reference guide to neurosurgeons and neurologists (in training and in practice), as well as medical libraries, throughout the world. Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "The purpose of this book is to teach young neurosurgeons how to recognize, investigate, and operate upon meningiomas in diverse locations. Neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuro-interventionalists, and radiologists are the main audience for this book. … This is an excellent book for neurosurgeons, ENT surgeons, oncologists, neuro-oncologists, radiologists, and neurologists." (Celso Agner, Doody’s Review Services, January, 2009)Table of ContentsI GENERAL INFORMATION: Historical Perspective.- Epidemiology.- Meninges: Embryology.- Pathology.- Natural history, growth rates, recurrence.- II DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS: Diagnostic radiology I: CT, MRI, Angio.- Diagnostic radiology II: Nuclear med, MRS, PET.- Lesions mimicking meningiomas.- Interventional radiology: Angio, embolization.- Neuro-ophthalmological evaluations.- III BASIC SCIENCE: Meningioma tumorigenesis: Review of basic science.- Meningothelial meningiomas.- Meningiomas of the central neuraxis.- Future treatment modalities I: Targeting the NF-2 & Ras Pathways.- Future treatment modalities II: Gene Therapy in meningiomas.- IV MANAGEMENT: Management options and principles.- Surgery: General principles.- Surgical adjuncts I: Endoscopy in meningioma surgery.- Surgical adjuncts: Image guided/CAS.- Seizures associated with meningiomas.- V ADJUNCT TREATMENT MODALITIES: Recent advances in therapeutic radiation.- Conventional RT for meningiomas.- Gamma Knife Radiosurgery.- Linear Accelerator Radiosurgery.- Brachytheraphy.- Medical therapy.- VI SURGICAL OUTCOME IN MENINGIOMA SURGERY: The factors influencing outcome in meningioma surgery.- The influence of co-morbidity and age in meningioma surgery outcome.- The influence of the tumor location, size and preoperative neurological symptoms in meningioma surgery outcome.- VII PATIENT SELECTION FOR SURGERY: THE ‘CLASS’ ALGORITHM: ‘CLASS’ algorithmic scale for surgical decision making: Rationale and design.- Validity of the ‘CLASS’ algorithmic scale: A retrospective study.- Utility of the ‘CLASS’ algorithmic scale: A prospective study.- VIII MENINGIOMAS BY LOCATION: PRESENTATION, SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS, SURGICAL TECHNIQUE, OUTCOME: Convexity.- Parasagittal.- Falcine.- Olfactory groove/Planum spenoidale.- Tuberculum sella.- Clinoidal.- OpticSheath: Aggressive.- Optic Sheath: Conservative.- Lateral and middle sphenoid wing.- Orbitosphenoid.- Cavernous sinus: Aggressive.- Cavernous sinus: Conservative.- Temporal bone.- Petroclival: Aggressive.- Petroclival: Conservative.- Petrous.- Clival/Foramen Magnum.- Cerebellar convexity.- Tentorial.- Torcular/transverse & sigmoid sinus.- Pineal.- Ventricular.- Jugular foramen.- Paranasal sinuses.- Pediatric.- NF2/multiple.- Spinal.- IX MISCELLANEOUS: Meningioma surgery: Personal philosophy.- Functional improvement in meningioma surgery.- The rationale for surgery in young patients with small meningiomas.- Dural reconstruction.- Cranial reconstruction.

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Book SynopsisIn this book on the optimal treatment of the injured spinal cord we present the reasons why we consider it necessary to handle trauma­ tized medullary tissue in accordance with the classical biological principles of wound healing in general, namely by long-term, ten­ sion-free immobilization of the spinal cord. Today, such immobili­ zation for this purpose can only be achieved by surgical secure­ ment of slight dorsiflexion of the cervical spine. Traumatically compressed medullary tissue is invariably attenu­ ated and weakened. On application of skull traction, the weakened section of the compressed cervical cord is the part that is most overstretched. This inevitably results in increased neurological def­ icit. On scrutiny of the clinical records of 100 tetraplegic patients treated by skull traction at the National Spinal Injuries Centre at the Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, England, from 1971 to 1982, we found that therapeutic skull traction had been followed by an immediate increase in neurological deficit in 12% of the patients - a relatively high figure for the type of case in which beneficial effects oftraction were habitually anticipated. Moreover, in studies on cadavers, artificial defects in fresh human cervical cord in situ showed typical deformation following application of traction, confirming the basic deleterious effects of therapeutic skull traction on the injured cervical cord.Table of ContentsI Aggravation by Therapeutic Skull Traction of Cervical Cord Injury.- 1 Compressive Cervical Cord Injury and Therapeutic Skull Traction.- 2 Mechanics and Biomechanics of Pons-Spinal Cord Section of Central Nervous System.- 3 Deleterious Effects of Therapeutic Skull Traction: A Retrospective Study.- 4 Cord Incision Model for Visualization of Adverse Effects of Skull Traction and Ventroflexion of Cervical Spine.- 5 Future Treatment of Cervical Spine Injuries.- 6 Summary of Part I.- II A New Approach to Improved Rehabilitation.- 7 Surgical Procedure for Cervicolordodesis.- 8 Therapeutic Breadth of Surgically Secured Spinal Cord Relaxation.- 9 Summary of Part II.- 10 References.

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Book SynopsisBoth a theoretic text book and a descriptive atlas, this standard reference in the field presents the individual steps of each surgical procedure. It represents the current perspective in the management of the child`s nervous system and discusses at great length the individual pathological entities which may be treated surgically. Numerous illustrations highlight both the operative technique and theoretic principles sections of the book, whereas the neuroimages are used in the theoretic principle section - accentuating the correlation of imaging with surgical planning and decision making. Recent world literature has been systematically reviewed, analysing critically different perspectives.Table of ContentsList of Contents.- 1 Positioning.- General Discussion.- Age.- Premature Newborn.- Term Newborn and Infant.- Toddler.- Specific Positions.- Supine Position.- Prone Position.- Lounging (Sitting) Position.- Positioning of the Child Vis-à-vis the Surgeon’s Line of Sight.- Positions of Surgeon, Assistants, and Nurse Around the Patient.- Accommodating Anesthesia.- General Positions.- Supine Position.- Anterior Fossa and Parasellar Area: Frontal Craniotomies.- Unilateral Frontopterional Craniotomy.- Bifrontopterional Craniotomy.- Craniofacial Procedures.- Parasagittal and Parietal Areas.- Parietal Craniotomies.- Unilateral Parietal Craniotomy.- Biparietal Craniotomy.- Convexity and Middle Fossa.- Temporal Craniotomy.- Craniocervical and Thoracoabdominal Positioning for Ventriculojugular or Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts.- Prone Position.- Occipital Craniotomy.- Suboccipital (Posterior Fossa) Craniotomy.- Laminotomy.- Cervical Laminotomy.- Thoracic Laminotomy.- Lumbar Laminotomy.- Lounging Position.- References.- 2 Incisions: Scalp, Muscle, Tissue, and Tumor Hemostasis.- Specific Incisions for Surgical Approaches.- Bifrontal Incision.- Frontal Incision.- Frontoparietal Skin Incision for Frontoparietal Bur Holes.- Frontoparietal Incision for Posterofrontal or Anteroparietal Lesions.- Parietal Incision.- Parasagittal Incision.- Temporal Incision.- Occipital Incision.- Suboccipital Incision.- Combined Supra-and Infratentorial Incision.- Hemispherical Incision.- Laminotomy.- Techniques for Scalp Hemostasis in Various Ages: Newborn, Infant, Toddler.- Skin.- Galea.- Loose Connective Tissue and Periosteum.- Temporalis Muscle.- Erector Capiti Muscle.- Periosteum-Suture Lines.- Techniques for Stopping Bleeding.- Use of Cotton Fluffies.- Use of Gelfoam, Surgicel, and Avitene.- Specific Types of Bleeding.- Bone Bleeding.- Bone Surface Bleeding.- Diploic Bleeding.- Dural Bleeding.- Arterial Dural Bleeding.- Dural Sinus Bleeding.- Cortical Bleeding.- Cortical Arterial Bleeding.- Sulcal or Cisternal Arteries.- Larger Cisternal Arteries.- Large Sulcal Arteries.- Venous Bleeding.- Cortical Veins.- Sulcal Veins.- Cisternal Veins.- Cortical Bridging Veins.- Choroid Plexus.- Tissue Bleeding.- Galeal Bleeding.- Parenchymal Bleeding.- Tumor Bleeding.- Closure.- Cranial Closure.- Fascia and Muscle Closure.- Temporalis Muscle.- Erector Capitis Muscles.- Skin Closure.- Laminotomy.- Muscles and Fascia Closure.- Muscle Bleeding.- Skin Closure.- 3 Bur Holes and Flaps.- Bur Holes: Frontoparietal (So-Called “Diagnostic”).- Flaps.- Bifrontal Flap.- Frontal Flap.- Approaches to the Orbit.- Transethmoidal Approach.- Superior Lateral Approach.- Lateral Orbitotomy (Kronlein Approach).- Extended Lateral Orbitotomy of Jones.- Supraorbital Approach of Jane.- Transfrontal Approach to Orbit(s) or Cribriform Plate.- Parietal Flap.- Parietotemporal Flap.- Biparietal Craniotomy.- Temporal Flaps.- Anterior Temporal Flaps.- Posterior Temporal Flaps.- Mid-temporal Flap.- Occipital Flaps.- Medial Occipital Flap.- Lateral Occipital Flap.- Suboccipital Flaps.- Midline Suboccipital Craniotomy.- Suboccipital Craniotomy Versus Craniectomy.- Lateral Suboccipital Craniotomy.- Midline Suboccipital Craniotomies.- Inferior Suboccipital Craniotomy.- Superior Suboccipital Craniotomy.- Lateral Suboccipital Craniotomy.- Supra-and Infratentorial Craniotomy.- Hemispherical Craniotomy.- Laminotomy.- Laminotomy Procedure.- Bone Closure.- Craniotomy Closure.- Laminar Closure.- Postoperative Treatment and Follow-up of Laminotomy.- References.- 4 Suturotomy for Various Flaps in the Newborn and Infant.- 5 Dural Flaps.- General Comments.- Dural Openings.- Frontal Dural Openings.- Medial Frontal Dural Opening.- Lateral Frontal Dural Opening.- Bifrontal Dural Opening.- Parietal Dural Opening.- Superior Parietal Dural Opening.- Parietotemporal Dural Opening.- Biparietal Dural Opening.- Temporal Dural Openings.- Anterior Temporal Dural Opening.- Middle Temporal Dural Opening.- Posterior Temporal Dural Opening.- Enlarged Temporal Dural Opening.- Occipital Dural Openings.- Medial Occipital Dural Opening.- Lateral Occipital Dural Opening.- Posterior Fossa: Suboccipital Dural Openings.- Medial (Midline) Suboccipital Dural Opening.- Inferior Cerebellar Triangle Dural Opening.- Superior Cerebellar Triangle Dural Opening.- Lateral Suboccipital Opening.- Hemispherical Dural Opening.- Spinal Dural Openings.- Closure.- Cranial Closure.- Dural Closure.- Use of the Periosteum and Fascia to Reconstruct the Dura.- Spinal Closure.- Arachnoid Closure.- Dural Closure.- References.- 6 Cerebral Retraction.- Cistern Openings.- Use of Gravity.- Parasellar Area.- Sylvian Fissure.- Ambient Cistern Lesions.- Pineal Lesions.- Use of Cotton Fluffies and Telfa.- Self-Retaining Retractors.- References.- 7 Cerebrotomy.- Gyral Cerebrotomy.- Sulcal Cerebrotomy.- Small Vessels at the Depth of the Sulcus or Gyrus.- Cerebrotomy Through White Matter.- 8 Cerebral Resection.- Biopsy.- Lobectomy.- Frontal Lobectomy.- Temporal Lobectomy.- Occipital Lobectomy.- Cerebellar Lobectomy.- Hemispherectomy.- 9 Epilepsy.- Results.- Definitions.- Epidemiology.- Classification of Epileptic Seizures.- Patient Selection.- Noninvasive Methodologies.- History and Physical.- EEG and Video- EEG.- Diagnosis by Imaging Studies.- Invasive Methodologies.- Wada Test.- Intracranial Recordings.- Semi-invasive Electrodes.- Invasive Electrodes.- Operative Procedures.- Resective Surgery.- Temporal Lobe Resection.- “En bloc” Anterior Temporal Lobectomy.- Anteromedial Temporal Lobectomy.- Amygdalohippocampectomy.- Technique.- Exposure.- Lateral Resection.- Medial Resection.- Brief Anatomical Survey of the Temporal Horn.- Surgical Procedure.- Complications.- Results.- Extratemporal Resection.- Hemispherectomy.- Disconnection Surgery.- Callosotomy.- Results.- Complications.- Alternative Surgery.- Multiple Subpial Transections.- Chronic Intermittent Vagal Stimulation.- Clinical Evaluation.- References.- 10 Tumors.- Surgical Approach and Removal.- Bone Tumors.- Dermoid and Epidermoid Tumors.- Eosinophilic Granuloma.- Aneurysmal Bone Cyst.- Fibrous Dysplasia and Juvenile Aggressive Fibromatosis.- Osteoma.- Dural-and Osteo-Sarcoma.- Orbital Tumors.- Periorbital Tumors: General Comments.- Intraorbital Tumors.- Surgical Considerations.- Intracranial Approach to Orbital Tumors.- Anterior Cone Tumors.- Nerve Sheath Tumors.- Optic Nerve Tumor.- Age and Brain Tumors.- Materials and Methods.- Hemispherical Tumors.- Solid Hemispherical Tumors.- Highly Vascular Hemispherical Tumors.- Avascular Hemispherical Tumors.- Cystic Hemispherical Tumors.- Capsule.- Cystic Fluid.- Nodules.- Ventricular Tumors.- Lateral Ventricle Tumors: General.- Lateral Ventricle Ependymal Tumors.- Glial Tumors.- Subependymal Gliomas.- Gliomas of the Septum Pellucidum.- Papillomas.- Asymmetrical Hydrocephalus.- Choroid Plexus Papilloma of the Glomus.- Lateral Ventricle Choroid Plexus Papilloma.- Bilateral Lateral Ventricle Papilloma.- Midline Tumors.- Midline Ventricular Tumors.- Third Ventricle Tumors.- General Discussion.- General Comments Concerning Access to III Ventricle Tumors.- Anterior III Ventricle Tumors.- Superior III Ventricle Tumors.- Posterior III Ventricle Tumors.- Specific Comments Concerning Access to Tumors of the Anterior III Ventricle.- Lamina Terminalis Approach.- Tumors of the Roof of the III Ventricle.- Transcallosal Approach to Superior III Ventricle Tumors.- Septo-interthalamic Approach to Superior III Ventricle Tumors.- Posterior III Ventricle Tumors.- Clinical Criteria.- Intra(III)ventricular Pineal Region Tumors: Suboccipital, Supracerebellar Approach.- Superior to III Ventricle Pineal Tumors: Parasagittal Approach.- III Ventricle Pineal Tumors: Posterior and Inferior Occipital/Transtentorial Approach.- Hydrocephalus and Infratentorial Tumors.- Fourth Ventricular Tumors.- Medulloblastoma.- Operative Technique: Medulloblastoma.- Ependymoma.- Choroid Plexus Papilloma.- Brainstem Glioma.- Vermian Tumors.- Superior Triangle Tumors.- Inferior Triangle Tumors.- Surgical Consideration.- Posterolateral Approach.- Combined Supra/infratentorial Approach.- Foramen Magnum Tumors.- Dorsal Foramen Magnum Tumors.- Lateral Foramen Magnum Tumors.- Ventral Foramen Magnum Tumors.- Cerebellar Hemisphere Tumors.- Solid Cerebellar Hemisphere Tumors.- Cystic Cerebellar Hemisphere Tumors.- Parasellar Tumors.- General Anatomical Parameters.- Anatomy.- Patterns of Growth.- Craniopharyngioma.- Optic Pathway Gliomas.- Germinoma.- Clinical Characteristics of the Two Most Common Parasellar Tumors.- Parasellar Glioma.- Biopsy of Parasellar Glioma.- Hypothalamic Glioma.- Craniopharyngioma.- Surgical Considerations Regarding Craniopharyngioma Classification.- Classification of Craniopharyngioma.- Prechiasmatic Craniopharyngioma.- Intrasellar Craniopharyngioma.- Retrochiasmatic Craniopharyngioma.- “Les Formes Geantes”.- Atypical Craniopharyngioma.- General Comments on Craniopharyngioma Surgical Anatomy and Technique.- Surgical Management of Children with Craniopharyngioma.- Supplemental Surgical Management of Craniopharyngioma.- Surgical Approach to Craniopharyngioma:General Comments.- Surgical Technique: Specific Procedures.- Rhinoseptal Transphenoidal Approach.- Subfrontal Approach.- Unilateral Anterior Subtemporal Approach.- Direct Transventricular Approach.- Recurrences.- Craniopharyngioma in Children: Long-Term Effects of Conservative Surgical Procedures Combined with Radiation Therapy.- Different Treatment Modality Approaches with Long Follow-up.- Corpus Callosum and Septum Pellucidum Tumors.- Corpus Callosum: Surgical Anatomy.- Septum Pellucidum: Surgical Anatomy.- Spinal Tumors.- Extent of Resection.- Radiotherapy.- Neurological Status.- Metastatic Spinal Tumor.- Intradural-Extramedullary Tumors.- Arachnoidal Cyst.- Neurofibroma.- Intramedullary Tumors.- Cystic Intramedullary Astrocytoma.- Solid Astrocytoma.- Ependymoma.- Cauda Equina Ependymoma.- Arteriovenous Malformations of the Spinal Cord.- Dermoid and Epidermoid Tumors.- References.- 11 Vascular Disorders: Surgical Approaches and Operative Technique.- Saccular Aneurysms.- Internal Carotid Bifurcation Aneurysms.- Aneurysms of the Trifurcation of the Middle Cerebral Artery.- Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) Aneurysms.- Vascular Malformations.- Transcranial Venovenous Shunts.- Transcranial Arteriovenous Fistulae.- Dural Arteriovenous Fistulae.- Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis.- Parenchymal Arteriovenous Malformations.- Hemispherical Arteriovenous Malformations.- Venous Angiomas.- Cerebellar Hemisphere.- Arteriovenous Malformations.- Orbital Cavernoma.- Brainstem Arteriovenous Malformations.- Spontaneous Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage.- Intraventricular Arteriovenous Malformations.- Lateral Ventricle Malformation.- Third Ventricle Arteriovenous Malformations.- Arteriovenous Fistulae Involving Galenic System and/or Perimesencephalic Leptomeninges.- Heart Failure, Arteriovenous Shunting, Thrombophlebitis, and Hydrocephalus.- Endovascular Occlusion or Open Surgery.- Anatomic Classification and Surgical Anatomy.- Superior Category.- Inferior Category.- Posterior Category.- References.- 12 Infections.- Osteomyelitis.- Epidural Empyema.- Subdural Abscess and Subdural Empyema.- Acute Meningitis with Hydrocephalus.- Brain Abscess.- Bur Hole and Cannula Drainage.- Craniotomy and Resection of the Abscess.- Pyocephalus.- Ventriculitis.- Subdural Effusions.- Cerebritis and Cerebellitis.- Wound Infections.- Stitch Abscess.- Superficial Infection.- Deep Infection.- References.- 13 Trauma.- Injuries of the Scalp.- Fractures.- Linear Fractures.- Diastatic Fractures.- Basal Linear Fractures.- Depressed Fractures.- Compound Skull Fractures.- Cerebral Contusion and Edema.- Epidural Hematoma.- Convexity Epidural Hematoma.- Posterior Fossa Epidural Hematoma.- Subdural Hematoma.- Acute Subdural Hematoma.- Subacute Subdural Hematoma.- Chronic Subdural Hematoma.- Subdural Taps and Resection of Membranes.- Pathogenesis of Chronic Subdural Hematoma.- Operative Technique for Lowering the Superior Sagittal Sinus: Reduction Cranioplasty.- Bur Holes.- Subdural Peritoneal Shunt.- Cerebral Atrophy.- Membrane Resection.- Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks.- Direct Approach.- Intradural Approach.- Extradural Approach.- Indirect Approach.- Meningocele Spuria.- Child Abuse.- Post -traumatic Cerebrovascular Injuries.- Age Categories for Post-traumatic Cerebrovascular Injuries.- Anatomy of Post-traumatic Cerebrovascular Injuries.- False Aneurysms.- Cranioplasty.- Vertebral Fracture Dislocation.- References.- 14 Congenital Anomalies.- Congenital Anomalies Involving the Craniocerebrum and Craniocervical Junction.- Synostotic Cranial Anomalies.- General.- Metopic (Including Frontonasal) Synostosis: Trigonocephaly.- Sagittal Synostosis: Scaphocephaly.- Synostotic Craniofacial Anomalies.- General.- Plagiocephaly (Improperly Called Coronal Synostosis).- Unilateral Plagiocephaly.- Frontosphenoidal Synostosis.- Zygomaticofrontal Synostosis.- Frontonasal, Nasal, and Frontoethmoidal Stenosis.- Bilateral Coronal Synostosis: Plagiocephaly.- Occipital (Synostosis) Plagiocephaly.- Hypertelorism.- Crouzon and Apert.- Kleeblattschadel (Cloverleaf) Trilobed Skull Deformity.- Arachnoidal Cysts.- Midline Arachnoidal Cysts.- Craniotomy.- Cystoperitoneal Shunting.- Chiari IV Malformation.- Lateral Arachnoidal Cysts.- Craniofacial Encephalomeningoceles.- Craniofacial Meningoencephaloceles: Basal Craniofacial Meningoencephaloceles.- Sphenoidal Meningoencephaloceles.- Ethmoidal Meningoencephaloceles.- Frontal Ethmoidal Meningoencephaloceles: Sincipital Encephaloceles.- Nasal Orbital Meningoencephalocele.- Nasal Ethmoidal Meningoencephalocele.- Nasal Frontal Meningoencephalocele.- Cranioschisis.- Cranial Meningoencephalocele.- Orbital Encephaloceles.- Interfrontal Meningoencephalocele.- Anterior Fontanelle Meningoencephalocele.- Interparietal Meningoencephalocele.- Posterior Fontanelle Meningoencephalocele.- Chiari III Malformation: Occipital or Cervical Meningoencephalocele.- Craniocerebral Disproportions: Chiari Malformations.- Chiari I Malformation.- Chiari II Malformation.- Separation of Craniopagus Twins.- Preparation of Skin Flaps.- First Attempt at Separation.- Final Separation.- Vertebrospinal Congenital Anomalies.- The Dysraphic State.- Amyelia.- Defects in Closure of the Spinal Cord and Posterior Vertebral Arch.- Myelocele.- Meningocele.- Meningomyelocele.- Cystic Meningomyelocele.- Meningomyelohydrocele.- Diastematomyelia.- Dysraphic Hamartomas.- Lipomatous Hamartomas.- Lipomas.- Surgical Technique for Lipoma.- Leptomyelolipoma.- Dural Fibrolipoma.- Lipomeningocele.- Dermoid Hamartoma.- Endodermal Hamartoma.- Nondysraphic Spinal Cord Anomalies and Congenital Tumors.- Hydromyelia and Hydrosyringomyelia.- Syringomyelia.- The Tethered Cord.- References.- 15 Hydrocephalus.- Definition and Classification.- Surgical Treatment and Prognosis.- Genesis of Parenchymal Destruction.- Diagnosis.- Treatment.- Intellectual Development and Quality of Survival.- Surgical Management.- Techniques for Cannulation of the Ventricles.- Occipital Horn Cannulation.- Frontal Horn Cannulation.- Fourth Ventricle Cannulation.- Shunts.- Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt.- The Delta Valve.- Surgical Procedure.- Ventricular Catheter Placement.- Peritoneal Catheter Placement.- Ventriculoatrial Shunt.- Ventriculopleural Shunt.- Ventriculogallbladder Shunt.- Yarzagaray Technique for Ventriculogallbladder Shunting.- Ventriculoamniotic Shunt: JT Brown Technique.- Lumbar Peritoneal Shunt.- Open Technique for Lumbar Peritoneal Shunt.- Closed Technique for Lumbar Peritoneal Shunt.- Shunt Revisions.- Intracranial Shunting.- Ventriculoventricular Shunting.- Ventriculocisternostomies.- III Ventriculostomy.- Open Technique for III Ventriculostomy.- Closed Technique for III Ventriculostomy.- Ventriculoscopic III Ventriculostomy.- Torkildsen Procedure.- IV Ventriculocisternostomy.- Basic Structure of Shunt Systems.- Characteristics of the Flow Rate.- Opening Pressure and Closing Pressure.- References.

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Book SynopsisBenefits: - Leblancs new investigative technique allows the rapid visualisation of the most vulnerable points of the cranial nerves - the course of each nerve is studied radiologically and anatomically, using dissections, injections, serial macroscopic sections, and x-rays - each cranial nerve is depicted from its origin to the muscle with its intracranial, extracranial, and intracranial pathways - the start of each chapter features an illustration of the cranial nerve as a whole, allowing the reader to quickly memorize the cranial anatomy - unique full-colour illustrations make the atlas a reference of outstanding value to clinicians, researchers and studentsTrade Review"This work demonstrates a fine anatomical approach and in particular an admirable synthesis of information...It does justice to the authors originality and meticulous perfectionism which, in the application of modern techniques, guarantee the best possible investigations at the service of diagnosis." NeuroradiologyTable of ContentsList of contents.- Olfactory nerves (I).- Optic nerve (II).- Oculomotor nerve (III).- Trochlear nerve (IV).- Trigeminal nerve (V).- Abducent nerve (VI).- Facial nerve (VII).- Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII).- Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX).- Vagus nerve (X).- Accessory nerve (XI).- Hypoglossal nerve (XII).- The twelve pairs of cranial nerves.- Vascular relations: Craniofacial arteries (Professor Pierre Lasjaunias).

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Book SynopsisIn July 2008, European and Japanese specialists in neurosurgery, neurology, interventional neuroradiology and neurointensive care joined together to discuss the latest developments in the management of cerebrovascular disorders at the 4th European Japanese Joint Conference on Stroke Surgery, held in Helsinki, Finland. This collection of papers from the meeting deal with aneurysm surgery and management of subarachnoid hemorrhage and stroke, arterial dissection, intracranial arteriovenous malformations and fistulas, and microneurosurgical bypass and revascularization techniques.Table of ContentsIntracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage.- Romani R, Laakso A, Niemelä M, Lehecka M, Dashti R, Isarakul P, Celik Ö, Navratil O, Lehto H, Kivisaari R, Hernesniemi J: Microsurgical principles for anterior circulation aneurysms Kaku Y, Yamashita K, Kokuzawa J, Hatsuda N, Andoh T: Treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms – clip and coil, not clip versus coil – Lehecka M, Dashti R, Lehto H, Kivisaari R, Niemelä M, Hernesniemi J: Distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms Sano H: Treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms of anterior circulation using multiple clips.- Cerebral arterial dissection.- Tsukahara T, Minematsu K, SCADS-Japan collaborators: Overview of spontaneous cervicocephalic arterial dissection in Japan Manabe H, Yonezawa K, Kato T, Toyama K, Haraguchi K, Ito T: Incidence of intracranial arterial dissection in non-emergent outpatients complaining of headache Nakajima S, Tsukahara T, Minematsu K: A study of vertebrobasilar artery dissection with subarachnoid hemorrhage Takemoto K, Abe H, Uda K, Inoue T: Surgical management of intracranial VA dissecting aneurysm Baumgartner RW: Management of spontaneous dissection of the cervical carotid artery.- Arteriovenous malformations and fistulas.- Laakso A, Dashti R, Juvela S, Niemelä M, Hernesniemi J: Natural history of arteriovenous malformations: Presentation, risk of hemorrhage and mortality. A review Hernesniemi J, Romani R, Lehecka M, Isarakul P, Dashti R, Celik Ö, Navratil O, Niemelä M, Laakso A: Present state of microneurosurgery of cerebral arteriovenous malformations.- Celik Ö, Piippo A, Romani R, Navratil O, Laakso A, Lehecka M, Dashti R, Niemelä M, Rinne J, Jääskeläinen JE, Hernesniemi J: Management of dural arteriovenous fistulas – Helsinki and Kuopio experience.- Stapf C: The rationale behind 'A Randomized Multicenter Clinical Trial of Unruptured Brain AVMs' (ARUBA).- Cerebral revascularization and bypass surgery.- Yonekawa Y: Posterior circulation EC-IC bypass viasupracerebellar transtentorial SCTT approach applied in a young patient with congenital multiple occlusive cerebrovascular anomalies – Case report and technical note – Ishii K, Morishige M, Anan M, Sugita K, Abe E, Kubo T, Fujiki M, Kobayashi H: Superficial temporal artery-to middle cerebral artery anastomosis with encephalo-duro-myo-synangiosis as a modified operative procedure for moyamoya disease.- Ogata H, Tsukahara T, Hatano T, Nakakuki T, Murakami M, Aoyama T, Miyakoshi A: Long-term results of carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting.- Stroke surgery and management.- Dashti R, Laakso A, Niemelä M, Porras M, Celik Ö, Navratil O, Romani R, Hernesniemi J: Application of microscope integrated indocyanine green video-angiography during microneurosurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms Randell T: Principles of neuroanesthesia in stroke surgery.- Satoh A, Sugiyama T, Ooigawa H, Nakajima H, Ogura T, Neki H, Morikawa E: Prevention of symptomatic vasospasm by continuous cisternal irrigation with mock-CSF containing ascorbic acid and Mg++.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"it represents the state-of-the-art in neuro critical care, and should be available for consultation in every neurosurgical intensive care unit." "highly recommended primarily for neurosurgeons, Neuroanesthetists and medical and surgical intensivists" "of value for learning preoperative and perioperative management of a large number of neurosurgical conditions." "This is a premier reference for perioperative care of a complex patient group. Production quality is outstanding. The use of color illustrations to highlight important aspects and radiographs is excellent. This book should be seriously considered for the library of anyone managing neurosurgical patients. The online material is easy to navigate and complements the print book well." -David J. Dries, MD (University of Minnesota Medical School) Doody's Review Score: 96- 4 Stars!Table of ContentsSECTION 1: Neuroanesthesia and Perioperative Care 1 Effects of Anesthetics, Operative Pharmacotherapy, and Recovery from Anesthesia 2 Patient Positioning for Neurosurgical Procedures 3 Anesthetic Considerations for Craniotomy 4 Perioperative Anesthetic and ICU Considerations for Spinal Surgery 5 Anesthetic Considerations for Endovascular Neurosurgery 6 Intraoperative Neuromonitoring for Specific Neurosurgical Procedures 7 Intraoperative Catastrophes SECTION 2: Craniotomy VASCULAR NEUROSURGERY 8 Carotid Endarterectomy 9 Aneurysm Surgery 10 Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations and Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas 11 Cavernous Malformations 12 Bypass Surgeries for Moyamoya Disease 13 Evacuation of Intracerebral Hemorrhages 14 Pituitary Surgery 15 Meningiomas 16 Gliomas 17 Tumors of the Lateral Ventricle and the Pineal Region 18 Skull-Base Tumors 19 Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors 20 Infratentorial and Cerebellar Tumors 21 Postoperative Management Following Craniotomy for Resection of Metastatic Lesions EPILEPSY SURGERY 22 Standard Temporal Lobectomy 23 Postoperative Care of the Epilepsy Patient with Invasive Monitoring FUNCTIONAL NEUROSURGERY 24 Deep Brain Stimulation RADIOSURGERY 25 Stereotactic Radiosurgery TRAUMA NEUROSURGERY 26 Hemorrhagic Mass Lesions 27 Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injury 28 Depressed Skull and Facial Fractures 29 Decompressive Craniectomy for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury SECTION 3: Spinal Surgery 30 Spine Trauma and Spinal Cord Injury 31 Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery Complications 32 Posterior Approaches to the Spine 33 Transthoracic and Transabdominal Approaches to the Spine SECTION 4: Endovascular Neurosurgery 34 Carotid and Intracranial Stent Placement 35 Endovascular Management of Intracranial Aneurysms 36 Arteriovenous Malformation and Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Embolization 37 Acute Stroke Management 38 Tumor Embolization 39 Spinal Vascular Lesions SECTION 5: Intracranial Monitors and Special Procedures 40 Shunt Placement and Management 41 Placement and Complications of Intracranial Monitors and Lumbar Drains 42 Management of Flaps 43 Combined and Specialty Surgery: Otolaryngology, Plastics 44 Management of Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injuries SECTION 6: Specific Intensive Care Unit Complications 45 Delayed Emergence after Neurosurgery 46 Management of Postoperative Hemorrhage 47 Management of Postoperative Intracranial Hypertension 48 Management of Postoperative Stroke 49 Management of Postoperative Seizures 50 Postoperative Neurosurgical Infections

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"does a great job in concisely overviewing the numerous pathologies seen and treated in our field."

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"This book achieves its goal of educating students and trainees about almost every topic in neurosurgery. It is comprehensive, yet to the point and brief enough to contain everything in one volume. This book provides a superb level of detail in its explanation of each topic, including a clear and efficient discussion of background and clinical relevance as well as scenarios." Morteza Sadeh, MD PhD (University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine) Doody's Score: 93-4 Stars!Table of ContentsEllenbogen: Principles Neurological Surgery, 4th Section 1: General Overview 1. Landmarks in the History of Neurosurgery 2. Challenges in Global Neurosurgery 3. Pearls for Clinical Evaluation of the Nervous System 4. Principles of Modern Neuroimaging 5. Neuro Anesthesia and Monitoring for Cranial and Complex Spinal Surgery 6. Surgical Positioning, Navigation, Important Surgical Tools, Craniotomy and Closure of Cranial and Spinal Wounds Section 2: Pediatric Neurosurgery 7. Spinal Dysraphism and Tethered Spinal Cord 8. Hydrocephalus in Children 9. Diagnosis and Surgical Options for Craniosynostosis 10. The Chiari Malformations and Syringohydromyelia 11. Posterior Fossa and Brainstem Tumors in Children 12. Craniopharyngiomas 13. All Other Brain Tumors in Pediatrics 14. Pediatric Vascular Disease and Stroke Section 3: Vascular Neurosurgery 15. Medical and Surgical Treatment of Cerebrovascular Occlusive Disease 16. Intracranial Aneurysms, Gen Principles of Management (Ruptured and Unruptured) 17. Surgery for Anterior Circulation Aneurysms 18. Surgery for Posterior Circulation Aneurysms 19. Complex Intracranial Aneurysms and Bypasses for Aneurysms 20. Vascular Malformations (Arteriovenous Malformations and Rual Arteriovenous Fistulas) 21. Cavernous Malformations of the Brain and Spinal Cord 22. Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage 23. Endovascular Treatment of Acute Stroke and Occlusive Cerebrovascular Disease 24. Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms Section 4: Trauma 25. Surgical Management of Closed Head Injury 26. Critical Care Management of Neurosurgical Patients 27. Penetrating Brain Injury 28. Traumatic Skull and Facial Fractures Section 5: The Spine 29. Injuries to the Cervical Spine 30. Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures 31. Intradural Extramedullary and Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors 32. Treatment of Spinal Metastatic Tumors 33. Spinal Cord Injury 34. Craniovertebral Junction: A Reappraisal 35. Degenerative Spine Disease (Cervical) 36. Degenerative Spine Disease (ThoracoLumbar) 37. Pediatric and Adult Scoliosis Section 6: Tumors 38. High-Grade Gliomas 39. Low-Grade Gliomas 40. Metastatic Brain Tumors 41. Convexity, And Parasagittal vs. Skull Base Meningiomas 42. Tumors of the Pineal Region 43. Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors 44. Pituitary Tumors: Diagnosis and Management 45. Endoscopic Approaches to Ventricular Tumors and Colloid Cysts 46. Microsurgical Approaches to the Ventricular System 47. Base Tumors: Evaluation and Microsurgery 48. Endoscopic Approaches to Skull Base Lesions 49. Jugular Foramen Tumors: Paraganglioma and Schwannoma Section 7: Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy 50. Application of Current Radiation Delivery Systems and Radiobiology 51. Radiosurgery of Central Nervous System Tumors and Arteriovenous Malformations 52. Proton Beam Therapy and Particle Beam Radiotherapy for Cranial and Skull Base Tumors Section 8: Functional Pain 53. Trigeminal Neuralgia 54. Spasticity: Classification, Diagnosis and Management 55. Surgery for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy 56. Extratemporal Procedures and Hemispherectomy for Epilepsy 57. Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders 58. Stereotactic Functional Neurosurgery for Mental Health Disorders, Pain and Epilepsy Section 9: Miscellaneous 59. Surgical Management of Infections of the Central Nervous System, Cranium and of the Spine 60. Adult Congenital CSF Disorders 61. Management of Peripheral Nerve Injuries 62. Entrapment Neuropathies, Peripheral Nerve Tumors 63. Pre-Hospital CAre of TBI Patients

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsEvaluation History Mental Status Examination Language Examination Cranial Nerve Examination Cranial Nerve I-XII Functions Cranial Nerves I-XII Function Testing Cranial Nerves I-XII Test Findings and Implications Eye Examination Motor Examination Sensory Examination Coordination Examination Gait Examination Reflex Examination Reflex Examination-Tendon Reflex Examination-Pathologic Medical Examination Diagnosis Approach to Diagnosis Neurodiagnostic Tests Used for Evaluation Brain and Spine Imaging Vascular Imaging Clinical Neurophysiology Lumbar Puncture Mental Status Change: Approach Mental Status: Delirium Mental Status: Dementia Mental Status: Coma Mental Status: Brain Death Cranial Nerve Dysfunction Ataxia: Approach Ataxia: Gait and Limb Episodic Disorders: Approach Episodic Disorders: Syncope Episodic Disorders: Seizures Headache Weakness Sensation: Cutaneous Sensory Deficit Sensation: Vision Tremor Rigidity and Stiffness Hyperkinetic Disorders Disorders DISORDERS-MENTAL STATUS Dementia Overview Alzheimer's Disease Mild Cognitive Impairment Dementia with Lewy Bodies Frontotemperal Dementia Vascular Dementia Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Transient Global Amnesia Metabolic Encephalopathy Wernicke's Encephalopathy Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Toxic Encephalopathy Psychiatric Causes of Mental Status Change DISORDERS-MOVEMENT Overview of Movement Disorders Essential Tremor Parkinson's Disease Drug Treatment of Parkinson's Disease Drug-Induced Parkinsonism Secondary Parkinsonism Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Multiple System Atrophy Torticollis Huntington's Disease Wilson's Disease Corticobasal Degeneration Central Pontine Myelinolysis Dystonia Tardive Dyskinesia Athetosis, Chorea, and Ballism Myoclonus DISORDERS-SEIZURES Overview Seizure Symptoms and Signs Generalized Seizures Partial Seizures Absence Generalized Tonic/Clonic Seizures Pseudoseizures Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy Simple Partial Seizures Complex Partial Seizures Eclampsia Post-Traumatic Seizures Surgical Treatments for Epilepsy Status Epilepticus DISORDERS-VASCULAR DISEASES Overview of Stroke Types of Stroke Emergency Management Transient Ischemic Attack General Features of Infarction Diagnostic Tests for Infarction Management of Infarction Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction Anterior Cerebral Artery Infarction Posterior Cerebral Artery Infarction Vertebrobasilar Infarction Vertebrobasilar Infarction: Brainstem Syndromes Arterial Dissection Venous Infarction Prevention of Infarction General Features of Hemorrhage Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Subdural Hematoma Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage Epidural Hematoma Hypercoagulable States Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis Congenital Heart Defects Rehabilitation DISORDERS-PAIN Overview of Pain Disorders Migraine Headache Cluster Headache Tension (Muscle Contraction) Headache Rebound Headache Temporal Arteritis Pseudotumor Cerebri Overview of Neuropathic Pain Trigeminal Neuralgia Fibromyalgia DISORDERS-IMMUNE Overview of Immune Disorders Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Multiple Sclerosis Optic Neuritis Sarcoidosis Other Immune Disorders DISORDERS-NEUROMUSCULAR Overview of Neuromuscular Diseases Overview of Neuropathy Neuropathy Evaluation Median Neuropathy Carpal Tunnel syndrome Ulnar Neuropathy Radial Neuropathy Peroneal Neuropathy Sciatic Neuropathy Diabetic Neuropathy AIDP (Guillain-Barré syndrome) CIDP (Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy) Multifocal Motor Neuropathy Cervical Radiculopathy Thoracic Radiculopathy Lumbosacral Radiculopathy Brachial Plexopathy Lumbosacral Plexopathy Critical Illness Polyneuropathy Motor Neuron Diseases Primary Lateral Sclerosis Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy Spinal Muscular Atrophy Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Polio and Post-polio Syndrome Neuromuscular Junction Disorders Myasthenia Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome Botulism Overview of Myopathies Inflammatory Myopathies Muscular Dystrophies Toxic Myopathies Periodic Paralysis Critical Illness Myopathy DISORDERS-INFECTIONS Overview of Infections Evaluation of Suspected CNS Infection Bacterial Meningitis Brain Abscess Spinal Epidural Abscess Septic Thrombophlebitis Fungal Meningitis Viral Meningitis Encephalitis Prion Diseases Human Immunodeficiency Virus DISORDERS-TUMORS Overview of Neuro-oncology Primary Brain Tumors Metastatic Brain Tumors Spinal Cord Tumors Paraneoplastic Syndromes DISORDERS-TOXIC/METABOLIC Approach to Toxic/Metabolic Disorders Heavy Metal Intoxication Cholinesterase Inhibitors Withdrawal Syndromes Electrolyte Abnormalities Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia DISORDERS-NUTRITIONAL B12 Deficiency Thiamine Deficiency DISORDERS-ENDOCRINE Diabetes Mellitus Thyroid Disorders Adrenal Disorders Pituitary Disorders DISORDERS-CRANIAL NERVES Anosmia Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Horner's Syndrome Bell's Palsy and Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome Acoustic Neuroma Vestibulopathy and Ménière's Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis DISORDERS-GENETIC Overview of Genetic Disorders Hereditary Neuropathies Neurofibromatosis Storage Diseases DISORDERS-SLEEP Overview of Sleep Disorders Periodic Limb Movements Sleep Apnea Narcolepsy DISORDERS-DEVELOPMENTAL Overview of Developmental Disorders Chiari Malformation Syringomyelia Appendix Localization Common Disorders Index

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSection one: General neurosurgery 1. Historical perspective 2. Informed consent and medico legal aspects of neurosurgery 3. Wrong Side Craniotomy and Wrong Level Spine Surgery - 'res ipsa loquitur' 4. Medical complications in neurosurgery 5. Surgical complications in cranial and spine surgery (Position-related, pneumocephalus, pseudomeningocoele and CSF leak, wound complications) 6. Venous injury and cerebral edema in cranial surgery 7. Post-operative hematoma after neurosurgery Section two: Cranial complications Vascular surgery complications 8. Overview 9. Intra-operative rupture and parent artery injury during aneurysm surgery 10. Cerebral Vasospasm: complications and avoidance 11. Complications of AVM microsurgery; steal phenomenon and management of residual AVM 12. Complications of cerebral bypass surgery 13. Complications of surgery for cavernomas 14. Complication of Carotid endarterectomy Skull base surgery complications 15. Overview 16. Complications in anterior cranial fossa surgery 17. Complications in middle cranial fossa surgery 18. Complications in posterior cranial fossa surgery 19. Complications of Chiari Malformation surgery Primary brain lesion resection complications 20. Primary brain lesion resection complications: An Overview 21. Complications following glioma surgery 22. Complications of surgery for pituitary tumors 23. Thalamic and insular tumors: minimizing deficits 24. Complications of surgery for pineal region tumors 25. Complications associated with surgery for intracranial infectious lesions : (tuberculosis, hydatid, neurocysticercosis) 26. Malignant Brain Swelling After Resection of Superior Sagittal Sinus Meningioma 27. Facial nerve and Auditory nerve deficit in GKRS for vestibular schwannomas Pediatric neurosurgery complications 28. Complications of posterior fossa tumors: ependymoma/ medulloblastoma/ pilocytic astrocytoma 29. Craniopharyngioma: complications after microsurgery 30. Complications associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion 31. Complications After Myelomeningocele Repair: CSF Leak and Retethering Functional and radiosurgery, Surgery for trigeminal neuralgia; Complications 32. Complications of various treatment options for trigeminal neuralgia 33. Complications of DBS 34. Complications following epilepsy surgery 35. Complications after Stereotactic Radiosurgery Endoscopic surgery 36. Complications of endonasal endoscopy 37. Vascular injuries in transsphenoidal approach 38. Complications of ventricular endoscopy Endovascular surgery 39. Access-related complications: (groin hematoma, dissection and pseudoaneurysm, contrast-nephropathy, air embolism) 40. Procedure-related complications: Aneurysms-Intraprocedural rupture, thromboembolic events, coil migration or prolapse into parent artery, and recurrent aneurysm management 41. Procedure related complications: AVM embolization 42. Procedure related complications: Stroke 43. Procedure related complications: CCF and AVF Trauma 44. Complications after decompressive craniectomy and cranioplasty 45. Complications following surgery for chronic subdural hematoma Section three: Spinal and peripheral nerve surgery complications General and Degenerative spinal disease surgery complications 46. Overview of General and Degenerative Spine Surgery Complications 47. Adjacent level disc degeneration and pseudoarthrosis 48. Graft related complications (Autograft, BMP, synthetic) 49. Procedure related complications (Inadvertent dural tear, CSF leak) 50. Complications of surgery at craniocervical junction 51. Neurologic deterioration after spinal surgery (including cauda equine) 52. Vascular injury during approach to lumbar spine 53. Vascular complications in cervical spine surgery (anterior approach and posterior approach) 54. Instrumentation related complications 55. Post-op spinal deformities: kyphosis, non-union and loss of motion segment 56. Complications of MIS Spinal neoplastic and vascular lesion surgery complications 57. Complications in Spinal Cord Tumor Surgery 58. Complications of surgery for vertebral body tumors 59. Complications of surgery for spinal vascular malformations 60. Complications of surgery and radiosurgery in spinal metastasis Spinal Trauma and peripheral nerve surgery complications 61. Complication of spinal fractures 62. Post-traumatic syringomyelia 63. Complications of Surgery for Peripheral Nerve Injuries and Tumors

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