Neurosciences Books

Book SynopsisFrom the UK's foremost literary psychoanalyst, a dazzling new book on the universal urge to change our lives.We live in a world in which we are invited to changeto become our best selves through politics, or fitness, or diet, or therapy. We change all the timegrowing older and olderand how we think about change changes over time too.We want to think of our lives as progress mythsas narratives of positive personal growthat the same time as we inevitably age and suffer setbacks.Adam Phillips's sparkling book On Wanting to Change explores the stories we tell about change, and the changes we actually makeand the fact that they don't always go, or come, together.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIntractability is a growing concern across the cognitive sciences: while many models of cognition can describe and predict human behavior in the lab, it remains unclear how these models can scale to situations of real-world complexity. Cognition and Intractability is the first book to provide an accessible introduction to computational complexity analysis and its application to questions of intractability in cognitive science. Covering both classical and parameterized complexity analysis, it introduces the mathematical concepts and proof techniques that can be used to test one''s intuition of (in)tractability. It also describes how these tools can be applied to cognitive modeling to deal with intractability, and its ramifications, in a systematic way. Aimed at students and researchers in philosophy, cognitive neuroscience, psychology, artificial intelligence, and linguistics who want to build a firm understanding of intractability and its implications in their modeling work, it is an ideal resource for teaching or self-study.Trade Review'Computational complexity has long been the elephant in the room in cognitive science. Researchers, including myself, blithely propose models that, if taken literally, would imply the brain can solve computational problems that are known to be intractable. This excellent introduction to both the technical results and their cognitive relevance should alert students and researchers to these pressing questions.' Nick Chater, University of Warwick'Cognitive science and algorithms and complexity research are converging: mathematically speaking, there is a revolution in the cognitive models and tools available, while multivariate (parameterized) algorithmics are essential to understanding them. As our growing awareness of how natural systems algorithmically process information leads to intellectual flows in both directions, the insights in this book are highly useful to students and researchers in both fields.' Michael Fellows, University of Bergen, Norway'Current theories in cognitive science think of mental processes as computational, but they rarely provide rigorous analysis of the relevant computations. Cognition and Intractability applies computational complexity theory to the kinds of inference that are important for human thinking. The results are mathematically elegant, pedagogically helpful, and very useful for understanding the kinds of computational processes that minds use.' Paul Thagard, University of Waterloo, CanadaTable of ContentsPart I. Introduction: 1. Introduction; Part II. Concepts and Techniques: 2. Polynomial versus exponential time; 3. Polynomial-time reductions; 4. Classical complexity classes; 5. Fixed-parameter tractable time; 6. Parameterized reductions; 7. Parameterized complexity classes; Part III. Reflections and Elaborations: 8. Dealing with intractability; 9. Replies to common objections; Part IV. Applications: 10. Coherence as constraint satisfaction; 11. Analogy as structure mapping; 12. Communication as Bayesian inference.

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade Review"For those who want to understand what’s happening to them and why grief is so confounding, this is a fascinating and comforting read.” — Oprah Daily “[A]n insightful book…fascinating look at what goes on inside our minds when we lose someone special.” — Wake-Up Call, Katie Couric Media “This book has helped so many who are grasping to make sense of loss, and I recommend it now, hoping that it will offer insights, solace, or even answers.” — Amanda Stern, How to Live (blog) “The Grieving Brain is a probing exploration into the science of grief and grieving. We are given an opportunity to view loss in a new way. If you have felt the pain of a loss and wondered if it will ever get better, O'Connor shows how the brain can help heal.” — Sharon Salzberg, author of Real Change “A pioneer of the neuroscience of grief, O'Connor lays out in simple prose how we try to make sense of the impossible conundrum of loss. Anyone who's been through a loss or just wants to know how bereavement works, this is the book for you.” — George Bonanno, author of The End of Trauma "We will all be touched by loss. To understand grief is to understand a fundamental human experience. This book is a powerful and comprehensive exploration of grief, the best I have read.” — Roshi Joan Halifax, PhD, pioneer in the end-of-life care field and author of Standing at the Edge and Being with Dying “Absorbing and wise, The Grieving Brain offers insights and coping mechanisms for those of us who have peered up from the depths of grief and wondered, why does this hurt so much? How can I make a meaningful life for myself now?” — Maryanne O’Hara, author of Little Matches "The Grieving Brain answered fascinating questions that I would not have thought to ask. State-of-science studies, fun facts and fascinating insights kept me turning pages and losing track of time." — Ira Byock, MD, active emeritus professor, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, author of Dying Well and The Best Care Possible “[C]lear, confirming, compassionate, beautifully readable …” — Mad In America

Read more less

Book SynopsisHuman Motivation, originally published in 1987, offers a broad overview of theory and research from the perspective of a distinguished psychologist whose creative empirical studies of human motives span forty years. David McClelland describes methods for measuring motives, the development of motives out of natural incentives and the relationship of motives to emotions, to values and to performance under a variety of conditions. He examines four major motive systems - achievement, power, affiliation and avoidance - reviewing and evaluating research on how these motive systems affect behaviour. Scientific understanding of motives and their interaction, he argues, contributes to understanding of such diverse and important phenomena as the rise and fall of civilisations, the underlying causes of war, the rate of economic development, the nature of leadership, the reasons for authoritarian or democratic governing styles, the determinants of success in management and the factors responsible Table of ContentsPreface; Foreword; Part I. Background: 1. Conscious and unconscious motives; 2. Motives in the personality tradition; 3. Motivation in the behaviourist tradition; Part II. The Nature of Human Motives: 4. Emotions as indicators of natural incentives; 5. Natural incentives and their derivatives; 6. Measures of human motive dispositions; Part III. Important Motive Systems: 7. The achievement motive; 8. The power motive; 9. The affiliative motives; 10. The avoidance motives; Part IV. Contextual Effects on Human Motives: 11. Motivational trends in society; 12. Cognitive effects on motivation; 13. How motives interact with values and skills to determine what people do; 14. Motivation training; 15. Milestones in the progress toward a scientific understanding of human motivation; Bibliography; Acknowledgements.

Read more less

Book SynopsisVestibular schwannoma is a rare benign tumor arising from VIII cranial nerve. Its localisation into internal auditory canal and cerebello-pontine angle is the main reason for the relevant clinical implication of such disease. This book develops all the features regarding the vestibular schwannoma, starting from the biology of the tumor, passing to the clinical presentation and instrumental diagnostic pathway to make diagnosis and concluding with therapeutic options linked to several factors regarding tumor size, localisation, symptoms, patient characteristics and outcome. The chapters are divided into 3 sections: pathophysiology, clinical features and treatment. Advancements in microsurgical technique and radiosurgery, coupled with an increased understanding of the natural history of the disease, have made modern management of this tumor considerably more complex and the opinions are still divided between conservatism and definitive cure. The last section includes the rehabilitation after treatment of patients affected by vestibular schwannoma. The contributions to this book were done by several eminent expert authors in their field, and all references are up to date. This is a robust resource for residents, fellows, and early attending physicians, as well as mid- to later-career physicians who care for patients with vestibular schwannoma.Table of ContentsPreface; Biology of Vestibular Schwannoma: The Role of PTEN and microRNA-21; Clinical Features, Instrumental and Imaging for Diagnosis of Vestibular Schwannoma; Neurofibromatosis Type 2; Imaging of Vestibular Schwannoma; Solitary Vestibular Schwannoma: Decision Making of Treatments; Conservative Management of Vestibular Schwannoma; The Enlarged Translabyrinthine Approach; The Retrosigmoid Approach: From the Microsurgical Anatomy to the Surgery; Middle Fossa Approach for Vestibular Shwannoma: An Overview; Endoscopic Approach to Vestibular Schwannoma; Radiotherapy for Vestibular Schwannoma; Facial Nerve Restoration after Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery; Vestibular and Proprioceptive Rehabilitation Strategy in Acoustic Neurinoma; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface to the second editionReproduction of altas figures in other publicationsAcknowledgementsIntroductionHistologyPreparation of photographs and drawingsThe construction of abbreviations in the Paxinos/Watson nomenclatureIdentification of structuresReferencesList of structuresIndex of abbreviationsFigures

Read more less

Book Synopsis** Published in the U.S. as The Self-Driven Child**A hands-off parenting guide to nurture independent thinking and collaboration for happier, smarter and stress-free kids.''Sometimes the most helpful thing we can do as parents is to parent our children a little less. This humane, thoughtful book turns the latest brain science into valuable practical advice for parents on how to pull back, when to engage and when to let go. Read it. Your children will thank you.'' Paul Tough, New York Times bestselling author of How Children SucceedAs parents we all want the best for our child, but so often we give in to societal pressures which can result in us over-managing every aspect of their lives leaving them overwhelmed, over-scheduled and lacking motivation. This can terrifyingly lead to mental health problems as adolescents and adults. How can we prevent this happening to our child?Over their combined sixty years of pracTrade ReviewSometimes the most helpful thing we can do as parents is to parent our children a little less. This humane, thoughtful book turns the latest brain science into valuable practical advice for parents on how to pull back, when to engage and when to let go. Read it. Your children will thank you. * Paul Tough, New York Times bestselling author of How Children Succeed *This serious and probing look at how to give our children the right kinds of independence shows us how much power we have to ensure they can function optimally. It is a book about how to make our children more meaningfully independent, and to set ourselves free in the process. * Andrew Solomon, author of Far from the Tree *Compelling, revolutionary, and wise, The Thriving Child empowers parents with the courage, the tools, and the mindset to reduce toxic stress, and to foster our child's capacity for resilience, success, and optimal development. Its message-that we should trust kids to have more control over their own lives-is one every parent needs to hear. * Tina Payne Bryson, PhD, co-author of The Whole Brain Child and The Yes Brain *The Thriving Child will guide parents to the sweet spot between helicopter and hands-off parenting. Stixrud and Johnson ground their clear and practical advice in cutting-edge research and years of experience working with young kids and teens. An invaluable resource for the thinking parent * Lisa Damour, PhD, New York Times bestselling author of Untangled *Bill Stixrud, the pioneering neuropsychologist, and Ned Johnson, the test-prep guru, have written a battleplan to attack the anxiety that's devouring kids and decimating their native potential. This extraordinary book shines a light into the darkness of test dread, chronic sleeplessness, 24/7 social-media 'beauty pageants' and the full array of stress-induced forces that undermine children. But Stixrud and Johnson do more than identify the demons -- they slay them. Read this incisive, witty, deeply-researched book and help your child bend toward the sunlight of learning and self-directed joy. A must read. * Ron Suskind, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and author of Life, Animated *Stixrud and Johnson combine science and compassion to make the case that parental over-control is eroding our kids' confidence, competence and mental health. Accessible, compelling and richly researched, The Thriving Child reveals the clear links between the stressses of competitive schooling and the anxiety and depression that are so widespread in kids today. This urgently-needed book has the potential to revolutionize the way we parent. * Judith Warner, author of A Perfect Madness: Motherhood in the Age of Anxiety *If you still have questions about whether or not excessive pressure and a narrow version of success are truly harming our children, The Thriving Child is an absolute must-read. While most books on the impact of stress on child development offer anecdotes and clinical examples, Stixrud and Johnson make it clear that it is now research that explains why kids don't thrive under our current priorities. A healthy child needs a healthy brain. Not only do they produce the evidence that shows why unremitting achievement pressure is toxic to our children, they also show us what the alternative would look like. It is not an overstatement to say that this is one of the most radical and important books on raising healthy, resilient, purpose-driven kids. * Madeline Levine, PhD., author of The Price of Privilege and Teach Your Children Well *Stixrud and Johnson provide compassionate, well-supported suggestions and strategies for parents to help their kids deal with ever-more-competitive academics and extracurriculars By studying the levels of stress and motivation in children, the authors discovered that 'a low sense of control is enormously stressful and that autonomy is the key to developing motivation.' Stixrud and Johnson theorize that a sense of control is the 'antidote to stress,' touching on common stressors for American kids, such as social media, demanding homework, and lack of sleep . . . The authors make a highly persuasive case for how parents can help their children segue from feeling stressed and powerless to feeling loved, trusted, and supported. * Publisher's Weekly *Stixrud and Johnson provide in-depth information on how to give your child more control without letting them run amok, discuss ways to reduce parents' stress levels, and emphasize the importance of physical exercise and sufficient sleep. . . . Timeless advice for parents. * Kirkus Reviews *If there's one book I'd recommend to parents who are raising children of all ages - this is the book * Ellie Knaus, host of the Atomic Moms podcast *Important and timely. . . An essential book for parents and educators everywhere. * Sir Ken Robinson, New York Times bestselling author of The Element *

Read more less

Book SynopsisA trailblazing philosopher’s exploration of the latest brain science—and its ethical and practical implications.Trade Review"...accurate and commendably up to date." -- Nature"...the philosopher Patricia Churchland defies her neuro-fundamentalist reputation to present a supremely measured, sensible and readable account of the brain's role in making us who we are." -- Julian Baggani, Books of the Year 2013 - The Observer

Read more less

Book SynopsisWhere does creativity come from? Why are some people more creative than others?Eminent neuropsychologist Christine Temple navigates a wide range of factors from the hard science (visual memory, spatial ability, brain functions) to the environmental (the 'mad genius' myth, and Gladwell's 10,000 hours of practice) in her study of what contributes to creativity. Using Pablo Picasso as her model of a creative genius, she weighs up each theory as it applies to Picasso and shows how his own creativity came from a combination of many factors.In this book, she looks at Picasso's playful mindset and passionate relationships, investigates the possibility that genius is genetic and can be inherited in families, considers whether creative genii perceive the world in a different way, and determines whether single-mindedness and focus play a part. This is the first book to look at a multitude of traits in creativity, and nail down the key factors that matter (and also which ones don't) to provide an overall picture of this fascinating area, linking the science to the personal.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisGroundbreaking essays and commentaries on the ways that recent findings in psychology and neuroscience illuminate virtue and character and related issues in philosophy.Philosophers have discussed virtue and character since Socrates, but many traditional views have been challenged by recent findings in psychology and neuroscience. This fifth volume of Moral Psychology grows out of this new wave of interdisciplinary work on virtue, vice, and character. It offers essays, commentaries, and replies by leading philosophers and scientists who explain and use empirical findings from psychology and neuroscience to illuminate virtue and character and related issues in moral philosophy. The contributors discuss such topics as eliminativist and situationist challenges to character; investigate the conceptual and empirical foundations of self-control, honesty, humility, and compassion; and consider whether the virtues contribute to well-being.ContributorsKarl

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisHow do animals communicate using sounds? How did animal vocal communication arise and evolve? Exploring a new way to conceptualize animal communication, this new edition moves beyond an earlier emphasis on the role of senders in managing receiver behaviour, to examine how receivers'' responses influence signalling. It demonstrates the importance of the perceiver role in driving the evolution of communication, for instance in mimicry, and thus shifts the emphasis from a linguistic to a form/function approach to communication. Covering a wide range of animals from frogs to humans, this new edition includes new sections on human prosodic elements in speech, the vocal origins of smiles and laughter and deliberately irritating sounds and is ideal for researchers and students of animal behaviour and in fields such as sensory biology, neuroscience and evolutionary biology.Trade Review'[Morton] presents a serious discussion of how we should view the evolution and function of animal vocal communication. For anyone interested in this most compelling of all animal behaviors, this book is well worth the time and effort.' Michael Ryan, The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsPreface; Introduction; 1. The informationizing of communication; 2. The roles of assessment and management in communication; 3. Form and function in vocal communication; 4. Mechanisms and proximate processes of vocal communication; 5. Assessment/management: a viable replacement for the metaphor of transmitted information; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisBrain and behaviour are intrinsically linked. Animals demonstrate a huge and complex repertoire of behaviours, so how can specific behaviours be mapped onto the complicated neural circuits of the brain? Highlighting the extraordinary advances that have been made in the field of behavioural neuroscience over recent decades, this book examines how behaviours can be understood in terms of their neural mechanisms. Each chapter outlines the components of a particular behaviour, discussing laboratory techniques, the key brain structures involved, and the underpinning cellular and molecular mechanisms. Commins covers a range of topics including learning in a simple invertebrate, fear conditioning, taste aversion, sound localization, and echolocation in bats, as well as more complex behaviours, such as language development, spatial navigation and circadian rhythms. Demonstrating key processes through clear, step-by-step explanations and numerous illustrations, this will be valuable reading forTrade Review'Behavioural neuroscience has long lacked a research-relevant, up-to-date textbook providing a comprehensive theoretical and experimental treatment. Seán Commins is to be congratulated for having written a vital and important textbook which should be at the heart of teaching behavioural neuroscience everywhere. Written carefully and clearly, replete with up to date research, cross-species comparisons as well as a strong focus on understanding experimental methodologies and how they relate to theoretical issues, this book should become the standard reference for teaching, and a prompt for further research.' Shane O'Mara, Trinity College DublinTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Neurons and neural communication; 2. An introduction to the brain; 3. Neuroscientific methods; 4. Examination of animal behaviour: general principles and techniques; 5. Habituation and sensitisation in the Aplysia; 6. Classical conditioning in the Aplysia; 7. Long-term synaptic plasticity in mammals I: long-term potentiation (LTP); 8. Long-term synaptic plasticity in mammals II: long-term depression (LTD); 9. Eye-blink conditioning; 10. Fear conditioning; 11. Taste aversion; 12. Sound localisation; 13. Bat echolocation; 14. Spatial navigation; 15. Birdsong learning; 16. Circadian rhythms; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book offers an introduction to the bilingual brain. It is a useful resource for researchers and students, bringing together various theories and research approaches in the cognitive neuroscience of bilingualism and a state-of-the-art overview of empirical findings on this topic from various perspectives.Trade Review'Our field was awaiting for a long time such a comprehensive volume that covers the whole topic of the cognitive neuroscience of bilingualism: From neurons to words and to cognitive functions. An outstanding work that should become a must-read for students and researchers.' Jubin Abutalebi, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Italy'Like no other book on bilingualism, this is a complete and up-to-date captivating book on the intricacies of the bilingual brain. An extraordinary resource for students and researchers interested in the interplay between the bilingual cognitive mind and the structural bilingual brain.' Roberto R. Heredia, Texas A&M International University, USA'This book is a must-read for anyone interested in cognitive neuroscience of bilingualism. Readers will acquire a thorough understanding of the fundamental concepts necessary to grasp the topic. The chapters outline clear learning objectives, ensuring a comprehensive learning experience. The material is presented in an accessible and engaging style that keeps the reader's attention. Despite its scientific rigor, the book is a delight to read, comparable to a well-written novel.' Alina Leminen, Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Finland'Accessible to non-specialists, this book presents a comprehensive review of the key issues in bilingual brain research. The multidisciplinary perspectives and methodologies are well described and explained, along with clear illustrations of new topics covering language and the environment, culture, child-adult learning differences, and many more, all in simple and concise terms.' Ping Li, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, ChinaTable of Contents1. Theories and methods in the cognitive neuroscience of bilingualism: an introduction; 2. Neural representations and language processing in the bilingual brain; 3. Bilingualism, language development, and brain plasticity; 4. Aphasia and the bilingual brain; 5. Cross-linguistic effects of bilingualism; 6. Bilingual lexical and conceptual memory; 7. Cognitive and neurocognitive effects of bilingualism; 8. Conclusion.

Read more less

Book SynopsisBrain and behaviour are intrinsically linked. Animals demonstrate a huge and complex repertoire of behaviours, so how can specific behaviours be mapped onto the complicated neural circuits of the brain? Highlighting the extraordinary advances that have been made in the field of behavioural neuroscience over recent decades, this book examines how behaviours can be understood in terms of their neural mechanisms. Each chapter outlines the components of a particular behaviour, discussing laboratory techniques, the key brain structures involved, and the underpinning cellular and molecular mechanisms. Commins covers a range of topics including learning in a simple invertebrate, fear conditioning, taste aversion, sound localization, and echolocation in bats, as well as more complex behaviours, such as language development, spatial navigation and circadian rhythms. Demonstrating key processes through clear, step-by-step explanations and numerous illustrations, this will be valuable reading for students of zoology, animal behaviour, psychology, and neuroscience.Trade Review'Behavioural neuroscience has long lacked a research-relevant, up-to-date textbook providing a comprehensive theoretical and experimental treatment. Seán Commins is to be congratulated for having written a vital and important textbook which should be at the heart of teaching behavioural neuroscience everywhere. Written carefully and clearly, replete with up to date research, cross-species comparisons as well as a strong focus on understanding experimental methodologies and how they relate to theoretical issues, this book should become the standard reference for teaching, and a prompt for further research.' Shane O'Mara, Trinity College DublinTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Neurons and neural communication; 2. An introduction to the brain; 3. Neuroscientific methods; 4. Examination of animal behaviour: general principles and techniques; 5. Habituation and sensitisation in the Aplysia; 6. Classical conditioning in the Aplysia; 7. Long-term synaptic plasticity in mammals I: long-term potentiation (LTP); 8. Long-term synaptic plasticity in mammals II: long-term depression (LTD); 9. Eye-blink conditioning; 10. Fear conditioning; 11. Taste aversion; 12. Sound localisation; 13. Bat echolocation; 14. Spatial navigation; 15. Birdsong learning; 16. Circadian rhythms; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisEthical Challenges in the Behavioral and Brain Sciences encourages readers to engage in discussions of the diverse ethical dilemmas encountered by behavioral and brain scientists. In each chapter, a prominent scientist describes a dilemma, how it was resolved, and what could be done differently if confronted with the situation again.Trade Review'At a time of diminishing public trust in the sciences, Sternberg and Fiske have given us the perfect antidote: a rich collection of sincere and probing testimonies about ethical problems by leading brain and behavioral scientists. A page-turner - not usual in thoughtful treatments of ethics - this book will provide readers with a real educational experience. The book is a uniquely valuable answer to some of the most burning scientific dilemmas of our day.' William Damon, Stanford University, California and author of The Power of Ideals: The Real Story of Moral Choice'Through more than fifty always engaging, typically perplexing, and often disturbingly nuanced case studies, Robert Sternberg and Susan Fiske make vivid the fundamental place of ethical thinking and acting in the research and professorial lives of contemporary brain and behavioral scientists. This unique and historically important book represents a sea change in understanding the ubiquity and subtlety of ethical challenges in research, publication, teaching, mentoring, and professional conduct. Reading, reflecting on, and discussing this book may be transformative for both scientists and science.' Richard M. Lerner, Bergstrom Chair in Applied Developmental Science and Director, Institute for Applied Research in Youth Development, Tufts University, Massachusetts'Graduate students should be required to read this volume, in which a star-studded cast of scientists explore the oft-disguised forms of ethical lapse or corruption that, alas, are never absent, even from the most serene paths of the groves of academe.' Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Distinguished Professor of Psychology and Management, Claremont Graduate School, California'Sternberg and Fiske have brought together a remarkable collection of vignettes. Though written by psychologists, they largely raise issues relevant to all academic disciplines. Each vignette places an ethical issue in a concrete and personal context. Ultimately, they will raise our collective consciousness about how we can best promote fairness, truthfulness, responsibility, due credit, and personal growth in all our efforts.' Jay McClelland, Professor and Director of the Center for Mind, Brain and Computation, Stanford University, CaliforniaTable of ContentsPart I. Academic Cheating; Part I Susan T. Fiske; Part II. Academic Excuses and Fairness; Part II. Academic Excuses and Fairness; Part II Susan T. Fiske; Part III. Authorship and Credit; Part III. Authorship and Credit; Part III Susan T. Fiske; Part IV. Confidentiality's Limits; Part IV. Confidentiality's Limits; Part IV Susan T. Fiske; Part V. Data Analysis, Reporting and Sharing; Part V. Data Analysis, Reporting and Sharing; Part V Susan T. Fiske; Part VI. Designing Research; Part VI. Designing Research; Part VI Susan T. Fiske; Part VII. Fabricating Data; Part VII. Fabricating Data; Part VII Susan T. Fiske; Part VIII. Human Subjects; Part VIII. Human Subjects; Part VIII; Part IX. Personnel Decisions; Part IX. Personnel Decisions; Part IX Susan T. Fiske; Part X. Reviewing and Editing.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe human imagination manifests in countless different forms. We imagine the possible and the impossible. How do we do this so effortlessly? Why did the capacity for imagination evolve and manifest with undeniably manifold complexity uniquely in human beings? This handbook re?ects on such questions by collecting perspectives on imagination from leading experts. It showcases a rich and detailed analysis on how the imagination is understood across several disciplines of study, including anthropology, archaeology, medicine, neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, and the arts. An integrated theoretical-empirical-applied picture of the ?eld is presented, which stands to inform researchers, students, and practitioners about the issues of relevance across the board when considering the imagination. With each chapter, the nature of human imagination is examined what it entails, how it evolved, and why it singularly de?nes us as a species.Trade Review'This edited volume offers a unique combination of neuroscientific, philosophical, psychological, anthropological, and historical perspectives on imagination. All the contributors are acknowledged masters of their respective disciplines, as well as excellent writers to boot, which makes this handbook an indispensable resource for anyone interested in this fascinating subject.' Elkhonon Goldberg, Clinical Professor, New York University School of Medicine'This is a fantastic contribution to research on imagination. The activity of imagining is invoked across a large range of otherwise diverse human activities; it's therefore crucial that researchers from different backgrounds talk to each other about it. This book is a rich conversation from which anyone interested in the imagination will learn a lot.' Kathleen Stock, University of Sussex'Anna Abraham's 'neurophilosophical' approach cultivates a holistic understanding of imagination across cultures and disciplines. Her five-fold framework provides a space for academic and applied approaches to meet, thereby bringing the 'force of imagination' to centre stage.' Gerald Cupchik, University of Toronto'This handbook is an essential resource written by leading experts in their respective fields from across the world. Each chapter showcases a rich and detailed analysis about how the imagination is understood across several disciplines of study, including anthropology, archaeology, medicine, neuroscience, psychology, philosophy and the arts.' Scott Barry Kaufman, University of Pennsylvania'No other handbook has collected contributions from philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists of imagination in one place. In doing so, this comprehensive work promises a perspective on the imagination that transcends disciplinary perspectives and boundaries. As such, it will surely be a resource for scholars of imagination for years to come.' Shen-yi Liao, University of Puget Sound, WashingtonTable of Contents1. Surveying the imagination landscape; Part I. Theoretical Perspectives on the Imagination: 2. The evolution of a human imagination; 3. Material imagination: an anthropological perspective; 4. The archaeological imagination; 5. Philosophical perspectives on imagination in the Western tradition; 6. Imagination in classical India: a short introduction; 7. From prediction to imagination; 8. Memory and imagination: perspectives on constructive episodic simulation; 9. Capturing the imagination; 10. A sociocultural perspective on imagination; 11. Artificial intelligence and imagination; Part II. Imagery-Based Forms of Imagination: 12. The visual imagination; 13. Musical imagery; 14. Neurophysiological foundations and practical applications of motor imagery; 15. Temporal mental imagery; 16. Emotional mental imagery; 17. Multisensory perception and mental imagery; 18. Evocation: how mental imagery spans across the senses; Part III. Intentionality-Based Forms of Imagination: 19. Continuities and discontinuities between imagination and memory: the view from philosophy; 20. Imagining and experiencing the self on cognitive maps; 21. The neuroscience of imaginative thought: an integrative framework; 22. Imagination and self-referential thinking; 23. Imaginary friends: how imaginary minds mimic real life; 24. Imagination and moral cognition; 25. Moral reasoning: a network neuroscience perspective; 26. The future-directed functions of the imagination: from prediction to metaforesight; Part IV. Novel Combinatorial Forms of Imagination: 27. On the interaction between episodic and semantic representations: constructing a unified account of imagination; 28. How imagination supports narrative experiences for textual, audiovisual, and interactive narratives; 29. Development of the fantasy-reality distinction; 30. Imagining the real: Buddhist paths to wholeness in Tibet; 31. Hypothetical thinking; 32. The counterfactual imagination: the impact of alternatives to reality on morality; 33. A look back at pioneering theories of the creative brain; Part V. Phenomenology-Based Forms of Imagination: 34. Imagination in the philosophy of art; 35. Imagination in aesthetic experience; 36. The arts and human symbolic cognition: art is for social communication; 37. Aesthetic engagement: lessons from art history, neuroscience, and society; 38. Dance and the imagination: be a butterfly!; 39. Imagination, intersubjectivity and a musical therapeutic process: a personal narrative; Part VI. Altered States of Imagination: 40. Dreaming beyond imagination and perception; 41. Dreaming is imagination roaming freely, based on embodied simulation, and subserved by an unconstrained default network; 42. Aphantasia; 43. Hypnosis and imagination; 44. Hallucinations and imagination; 45. The psychiatry of imagination; 46. Meditation and imagination; 47. Flow in performance and creative cognition: an optimal state of task-based adaptation; 48. The force of the imagination.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAll students and researchers of behaviour from those observing freely-behaving animals in the field to those conducting more controlled laboratory studies face the problem of deciding what exactly to measure. Without a scientific framework on which to base them, however, such decisions are often unsystematic and inconsistent. Providing a clear and defined starting point for any behavioural study, this is the first book to make available a set of principles for how to study the organisation of behaviour and, in turn, for how to use those insights to select what to measure. The authors provide enough theory to allow the reader to understand the derivation of the principles, and draw on numerous examples to demonstrate clearly how the principles can be applied. By providing a systematic framework for selecting what behaviour to measure, the book lays the foundations for a more scientific approach for the study of behaviour.Trade Review'Describing what animals actually do in their normal daily activities was deemed essential by the early naturalists and ethologists. Today, many journals actively discourage publishing such research findings. What the Pellis team accomplishes in this book is to document, based on their and others' extensive experience and accomplishments, that careful description can itself be hypothesis driven and answer research questions that experiments with simple, but convenient, dependent measures cannot. This compact guide elegantly shows how to use modern methods to describe and quantify behaviour and embed findings in the behaviour systems in which they occur. From seemingly simple behaviour patterns such as righting, huddling, and reaching, to fighting, foraging, play, and courtship, the authors provide myriad insights and research guidance. Today, in a rapidly changing world, it is more essential than ever to study how the behaviour of animals is being altered, both in natural communities and in experimental laboratories.' Gordon M. Burghardt, University of Tennessee, USA'The Pellis' little book is a big gift box in which you'll find a trove of crafted ideas and handy examples of how behaviour can be analysed in ways that reveal marvellous, unsuspected dimensions of behavioural organisation. Using some of the “simplest” and most common individual and social acts in animal behaviour, they offer observational and analytic tools for seeing the deep structure of behaviour and how, in some cases, their approach can take us into the brain or out to emergent levels of organisation. Practical for students and researchers, and delightful for science-oriented fans of organisms. Put it on your shelf for repeated openings and explorations.' Jeffrey R. Alberts, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA'… a fascinating new way of considering animal behavior … This would be a most useful text for any student or researcher of animal behaviors … Highly recommended.' D. C. Marston, Choice MagazineTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; 1. What is the problem and what is the solution?; 2. Behaviour as a means, not an end; 3.The deep structure of behavior; 4. The brain is not alone; 5. Bringing it all together: steps in the descriptive process; 6. What of the future?; Epilogue; Appendix A. Eshkol–Wachman movement notation and descriptive analysis; Appendix B. Practice, practice, practice; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisRecent neuroscience research makes it clear that human biology is cultural biology - we develop and live our lives in socially constructed worlds that vary widely in their structure values, and institutions. This integrative volume brings together interdisciplinary perspectives from the human, social, and biological sciences to explore culture, mind, and brain interactions and their impact on personal and societal issues. Contributors provide a fresh look at emerging concepts, models, and applications of the co-constitution of culture, mind, and brain. Chapters survey the latest theoretical and methodological insights alongside the challenges in this area, and describe how these new ideas are being applied in the sciences, humanities, arts, mental health, and everyday life. Readers will gain new appreciation of the ways in which our unique biology and cultural diversity shape behavior and experience, and our ongoing adaptation to a constantly changing world.Trade Review'This is an extraordinary collection written by leaders in psychological anthropology, social psychology, and 'cultural neuroscience'. It presents state-of-the-art research dedicated to understanding the interaction of mind, brain, and culture.' Melvin Konner, Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Anthropology, Emory University'The question of how culture and the brain interact to shape the mind is one of the great questions of our time. This thoughtful collection demonstrates that interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial to any good answer to such a question.' Tanya Luhrmann, Howard H. and Jessie T. Watkins University Professor of Anthropology, Stanford University'At this scientific smorgasbord, you'll whet your appetite on rich intellectual histories prepared by those who lived them. Then, feast on a heaping helping of the latest ideas about how minds, brains, and cultures co-constitute themselves. Finally, relax while taking in wide-ranging literature reviews on the latest findings in neuroscience, anthropology, psychology and other relevant fields.' Joe Henrich, Chair of the Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University'I was just getting used to the age of enactivism. It is now clear that attention to culture will bring the next paradigm shift. This book is a great foundational resource. It foreshadows the way we are going to think about ourselves in the next decade - gracefully spanning from dopamine receptors to the extended evolutionary synthesis, from connectomes to predictive processing. In short, all our favourite things are here - and are woven together beautifully.' Karl Friston, FRS, University College LondonTable of Contents1. Co-Constructing Culture, Mind and Brain Laurence Kirmayer, Carol Worthman, and Shinobu Kitayama; Part I. Dynamics of Culture, Mind, and Brain: Models and Evidence; 2. Culture, Mind, and Brain in Human Evolution: An Extended Evolutionary Perspective on Paleolithic Toolmaking as Embodied Practice Dietrich Stout; 3. Mutual Constitution of Culture and the Mind: Insights From Cultural Neuroscience Shinobu Kitayama, Qinggang Yu; 4. Being There: Foundations, Theory, Method Carol M. Worthman; 5. Culture in Mind – An Enactivist Account: Not Cognitive Penetration but Cultural Permeation Daniel D. Hutto, Shaun Gallagher, Jesús Ilundáin-Agurruza, Inês Hipólito 6. The Brain as Cultural Artifact: Concepts, Actions, and Experiences Within the Human Affective Niche Maria Gendron, Batja Mesquita, Lisa Feldman Barrett; 7. Cultural Priming Effects and the Human Brain Shihui Han, Georg Northoff; 8. Culture, Self, and Agency: An Ecosocial View Laurence J. Kirmayer, Ana Gómez-Carrillo, Timothé Langlois-Thérien, Maxwell J. D. Ramstead and Ian Gold; 9. Neuroanthropological Perspectives on Culture, Mind, and Brain Daniel H. Lende, Greg Downey 10. The Neural Mechanisms Underlying Social Norms: Norm Detection, Punishment, and Compliance Yan Mu, Michele J. Gelfand; 11. Ritual and Religion as Social Technologies of Cooperation Christopher Kavanagh, Jonathan Jong, Harvey Whitehouse; Part II. Applications; 12. The Cultural Brain as Historical Artifact Rob Boddice; 13. Experience-Dependent Plasticity in the Hippocampus Greg L. West, Véronique D. Bohbot; 14. Liminal Brains in Uncertain Futures: Critical Neuroscience and the Cultural Contexts of Neuroeducation Suparna Choudhury and Joshua Berson; 15. The Reward of Musical Emotions and Expectations Benjamin P. Gold and Robert J. Zatorre 16. Literary Analysis and Weak Theories Omri Moses; 17. Capturing Context is Not Enough: the Embodied Impact of Story and Emotion in Ethnographic Film Robert Lemelson and Anne Tucker; 18. Social Neuroscience in Global Mental Health: Case Study on Stigma Reduction in Nepal Brandon Kohrt; 19. Cities, Psychosis, and Social Defeat Firrhaana Sayanvala, Lisa Bornstein, Suparna Choudhury, Jai Shah, Daniel Weinstock, and Ian Gold; 20. Internet Sociality Moriah Stendel, Maxwell Ramstead, Samuel P. L. Veissière; 21. Neurodiversity as a Conceptual Lens and Topic of Cross-Cultural Study M. Ariel Cascio; 22. Epilogue: Interdisciplinarity in the Study of Culture, Mind, and Brain Laurence Kirmayer, Carol M. Worthman and Shinobu Kitayama; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis well-established and acclaimed textbook introducing the rapidly growing field of nerve and muscle function has been completely revised and updated. Written with undergraduate students in mind, it begins with the fundamental principles demonstrated by the pioneering electrophysiological experiments on cell excitability. This leads to more challenging material recounting recent discoveries from applying modern biochemical, genetic, physiological and biophysical, experimental and mathematical analysis. The resulting interdisciplinary approach conveys a unified contemporary understanding of nerve and skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle function at the molecular, cellular and systems levels. Emphasis on important strategic experiments throughout clarifies the basis for our current scientific views, highlights the excitement and challenge of biomedical discovery, and suggests directions for future advances. These fundamental ideas are then translated into discussions of related disease conditions and their clinical management. Now including colour illustrations, it is an invaluable text for students of physiology, neuroscience, cell biology and biophysics.Trade Review'Huang has taken on the mammoth task of bringing the book up-to-date and has succeeded in maintaining the enthusiastic and eminently readable approach of Keynes and Aidley, who created one of the greatest physiology books covering the crucial areas of nerve and muscle. The fascinating historical perspectives on the discovery of membrane potentials, the transmission of nerve impulses and their molecular basis are essential reading for students of medicine and physiology with a curiosity about scientific methods, and progress.' Michael A. Ferenczi, Imperial College London'...a beautifully written gem. It is clearly illustrated, and it makes one of the most difficult areas of biology completely accessible. It should find its way onto the bookshelves of electrophysiologists everywhere and any students who aspire to master one of the most exciting areas of modern biology.' Denis Noble, University of Oxford'This classic textbook on the fundamental biophysics and physiology of nerve and muscle remains an unparalleled source of knowledge that has served the scientific field for decades. Prof. Huang elegantly manages to update this edition with recent findings within this broad field continuing the excellence that characterizes this work.' Thomas Holm Pedersen, University of Aarhus, Denmark'Professor Christopher Huang has updated and significantly broadened the scope and the translational endpoints of the classical textbook of Integrative and Cell Physiology Keynes & Aidley's Nerve and Muscle. The result is a comprehensive, well planned, logically presented and extensively referenced monograph. Based on the text and supporting figures, it builds on the strengths of the parent textbook while also providing new in-depth coverage of recent advances in neurophysiology as well as skeletal and cardiac muscle electrophysiology and contractility. The internationally recognized research accomplishments of Professor Huang on key cell physiology mechanisms of the heart and skeletal muscle form the basis of very informative material concerning cardiac rhythm disturbances and some aspects of exercise physiology and aging. This textbook will serve as a valuable resource for undergraduates, graduate students, as well as both basic science and clinical faculty members in Life Sciences.' Wayne Giles, University of Calgary, CanadaTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; List of abbreviations; 1. Structural organization of the nervous system; 2. Resting and action potentials; 3. Background ionic homeostasis of excitable cells; 4. Membrane permeability changes during excitation; 5. Voltage-gated ion channels; 6. Cable theory and saltatory conduction; 7. Neuromuscular transmission; 8. Synaptic transmission in the nervous system; 9. The mechanism of contraction in skeletal muscle; 10. The activation of skeletal muscle; 11. Excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle; 12. Contractile function in skeletal muscle; 13. Cardiac muscle; 14. Ion channel function and cardiac arrhythmogenesis; 15. Smooth muscle; Further reading; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisStroke is one of the most important and most feared conditions known to man. The threat of stroke is important to all people. What could be more devastating than to lose the ability to speak, move a limb, stand, talk, see, read, feel write or even think? This book brings together ideas, events and advances the stories before and during the 20th Century through the accounts of global experts in the field, many of them having been first-hand witnesses to progress. Focusing on selected stories of stroke, this book offers a readable summary of the most dramatic and extensive changes in knowledge about stroke and in caring for stroke patients. Of interest to anyone interested in neurosciences and for physicians caring for stroke patients, this book informs on moving forward, by looking to how we got to where we are.Trade Review'This impressive and hefty book provides an excellent overview of stroke history in its entirety. It includes easily readable and referenced articles on topics most relevant to modern stroke care, lending important historical context that frames just how far the stroke field has progressed in the last 50 years.' Madeline Russell, Doody's ReviewsTable of ContentsWhy this book needed to be written; Part I. Early recognition: 1. Hippocrates and early Greek medical practice; 2. Early Greco-Roman contributions; 3. Islamic and middle east contributions; Part II. Basic knowledge: 16th to early twentieth centuries. Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology: 4. Andreas Vesalius; 5. William Harvey. On the motion of the heart and blood; 6. Thomas Willis. Anatomy of the brain and its vasculature; 7. Giovanni Morgagni: emphasis on Pathology; 8. Apoplexy. Ideas and concepts, 17-20th century; 9. Atlases; 10. Brainstem syndromes; 11. Jules Dejerine; 12. Arterial and Venous anatomy; 13. Rudolf Virchow; 14. Early medical and neurological textbooks; Part III. Modern era mid twentieth century to the present: A: Types of Stroke; 15. Carotid Artery disease; 16. Lacunes; 17. Vertebrobasilar disease; 18. Aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage; 19. Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH); 20. Vascular malformations; 21. Venous and dural sinus thrombosis; 22. Arterial dissections, Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD), MoyaMoya disease, and Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome (RCVS); 23. Blood Disorders; 24. Stroke Genetics; 25. Eye vascular disease; 26. Spinal cord vascular disease; 27. Charles foix; 28. Houston Merritt and Charles Aring; 29. C Miller Fisher; 30. Louis Caplan; 31. Cerebral angiography; 32. Computed Tomography (CT); 33. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); 34. Cerebrovascular ultrasound; 35. Cerebral blood flow, radionuclides, and Positron Emission Tomography (PET); 36. Cardiac imaging and function; 37. Stroke-related Terms; 38. Epidemiology and risk factors; 39. Data Banks and registries; 40. Pediatric stroke; 41. Care of stroke patients; 42. Neurocritical care; 43. Clinical stroke trials; 44. Heparin; 45. Warfarin; 46. New oral anticoagulants/direct oral anticoagulants; 47. Aspirin; 48. Other antiplatelets; 49. Other medical treatments; 50. Neuroprotection; 51. Thrombolysis; 52. Treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis; 53. Recovery and rehabilitation; 54. Carotid artery surgery; 55. Angioplasty and stenting; 56. Endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke; 57. Brain aneurysm treatment/treatment of aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage; 58. Medical and surgical treatments of intracerebral hemorrhage; 59. Treatment of vascular malformations; Part IV. Stroke literature, organizations and patients: 60. Stroke organizations, journals and books; 61. Famous stroke patients/prominent stroke patients.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis monograph presents the results of long-term research on the neurochemical structure of the brain and spinal cord of Masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou, as well as cellular, molecular and physiological mechanisms of adult neurogenesis. Salmon are a phylogenetically ancient branch of ray-finned fish, the brain of which retains a large number of matrix zones with high proliferative activity involved in adult neurogenesis. The presence of large proliferative zones in the brain of juvenile salmonids signifies a high reparative potential in the brain. The results of investigations presented in the book to improve the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of the fishs CNS structure during postembrionic ontogeny. The objective of this monograph is to investigate the organization, projection features and relationships of a signal transductor system, producing classic neurotransmitters (catecholamines, acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid) and gaseous intermediates (nitric oxide and hydrogen sulphide) in the Oncorhynchus masou brain, and to evaluate their participation in the processes of postembryonic morphogenesis of the CNS. Identified particular structural and neurochemical characteristics of CNS organisation and basic histogenetic processes (proliferation, migration and differentiation of nerve cells) after the completion of brain formation in fishes with signs of fetalisation expand existing notions of histogenesis in these structures during adulthood. It is expected that during the post-embryonic ontogenesis in fish, several neurotransmitters and gaseous intermediaries can be considered as factors in triggering and regulating cellular and tissue processes of genetic programs concerning brain development. The content of the study determined the range of experimental models for the study of reparative processes and adult neurogenesis. A new in vitro model system of cultured neural cells from O. masou was reported. Morphological data and some cellular characterisation supporting the use of this novel in vitro tool in investigations of neurochemical properties, axonal growth and neurogenesis in CNS were presented. For a more detailed study of the properties of H2S-expressing cells, their cellular relationships with different neurochemical specialisation in the central nervous system, their characteristics of the processes of proliferation and differentiation, and the features of participation of hydrogen sulphide in reparative neurogenesis, the primary culture of the brain and spinal cord from the O. masou was set up, and properties of proliferation and differentiation were analysed with the specific markers.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe present book covers estrogen, its receptors and estrogen mediated gene regulation in the brain. Further, it explains the mechanism of estrogen action and dysfunction leading to diseases. Briefly, estrogen mediates its multiple functions in the brain through two well-characterised receptors: ERα and ERβ. Upon binding with estrogen, ER recruits coregulators, which are responsible for tissue specific regulation. When coregulators activate the transcription of a particular gene, they become coactivators; when they repress the activity of particular gene, they are called corepressors. These coregulators make a bridge between the basal transcription machinery and the receptors by protein-protein interaction. Estrogen disrupters are also explained in this book. Furthermore, the role of estrogen and its receptors are explained in the context of aging. Taken together, this book shall be self-explanatory concerning estrogen action in the brain in various aspects. Therefore, it is intended for researchers interested in the aforementioned aspects.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in neurosciences research. Chapter One reviews the changes that occur in the muscle and neuromuscular junctions following nerve injury and discusses possible strategies to prevent muscle atrophy. Chapter Two focuses on the contribution of the anterior cingulate cortex in pain processing. Chapter Three discusses the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in the arising of awareness deficits in neurocognitive disorder, acquired brain injuries, mood disorders and psychosis. Chapter Four discusses the relationship between neuroplasticity and cognitive empowerment. Chapter Five investigates if cognitive empowerment through Eye Tracker technologies increases both neuropsychological and neurophysiological measures in patients with Rett Syndrome (RS).

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in neurosciences research. Chapter One provides a call for action in treating and/or curing cerebral palsy throughout the lifespan. Chapter Two reviews disturbances in mitochondrial function and vesicular transport as mechanisms for pathogenesis in Parkinson''s disease. Chapter Three presents an integrated psychological theory that endeavours to explain how adults with the severe neurological disorder of spinal cord injury (SCI), cope with the many challenges and stresses involved in adjustment to this catastrophic injury. Chapter Four analyses the theory of logarithm in neurobiology. Chapter Five discusses model molecular interactions of trace amine.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book discusses advances in research on evoked potentials and electrical stimulation. Chapters One describes the neurophysiological immediate and short-term changes that occur in the nervous system structures of patients assessed in three different contexts of work: Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring (IONM), ICU, and in the Clinical Neurophysiological Laboratory. Chapter Two focuses on the importance of cortical evoked potentials to analyse the neurophysiological correlates of migraines, strokes and related psychiatric complications, paying particular attention to the possible implications in terms of clinical applications and future research. Chapter Three analyses electric stimulation in stroke patients. Chapter Four describes what is known about the effects of the use of electrical stimulation of carcasses of meat animals, including the effects on meat tenderness and meat sensorial characteristics. Chapter Five explores the effects of oxidative stress on brain electrical activity and its repercussions on sensory organisation in geriatric rhesus monkeys in captivity. The final chapter provides a short communcation on visually evoked potentials in rhesus monkeys.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe brain is an extremely complex organ that defines your uniqueness. As you age, though, your brain may be susceptible to a terrible disease. Alzheimer''s disease is the third biggest killer in the developed world after cancer and heart disease. It is considered an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly erases memories and thinking, and eventually eliminates the ability to carry out the simplest of tasks. Medical science continues to make substantial progress in the search for therapeutic interventions and a cure. Since 2008, hundreds of Alzheimers-related patents have been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office in an effort to eradicate this deadly disease. To better understand these inventions, Michael J. Dochniak has written this informative book to provide an easy-to-read summary of these patents. Within the summaries are inventor-profiles and news articles that are insightful and pertinent. Pioneering and international inventors hail from Australia, Chile, England, and Hawaii. At the beginning of several chapters, you will read about one of the early signs and symptoms of Alzheimers. Most importantly, Healing the Mind - Alzheimers Disease -Thinking Patents (2008-2016) is about keeping your brain at peak performance as you age.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChapter One explains how the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage plays a key role in the development of immune and adaptive responses, and how some cell subpopulations associated with this lineage exhibit highly specialised phagocytic activity following cell degradation. Using the method of gravitational mass spectroscopy (GMS), the bio field of the brain and that of the intestine during physical/mental stress were investigated in Chapter Two. Chapter three discusses the evidence that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is increasing both in different age groups (mainly in older adults) and in different geographic regions of the world. Chapter Four describes the harmful effect of alcohol intoxication. The authors investigated the influence of high, low and hormetic doses of alcohol on the free-radical signal intensity in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and liver of the offspring of female rats in gestation period treated with ethanol. Chapter Five proposes a concise and easy-to-use terminology to describe the motor deficit of patients with spinal cord injury. The authors of Chapter Six systematically evaluate how the prior spatial (where) and feature (what) information about an upcoming target differentially influence visual searching during the course of inhibition of return of attention (IOR). Chapter Seven reviews the aetiology, clinical appearance, diagnosis, and management for pneumocephalus and cerebrospinal fluid fistula. Chapter Eight surveyed the prognostic value of maternal and foetal autonomic balance in the prediction of Pre-eclampsia (PE). Chapter Nine performs a retrospective review of literature spanning 1979 to 2015 on the subject of staged resection of large (>3cm) vestibular schwannomas. Chapter 10 discusses how neuroprotective mechanics are transformed to pathogenetic agonists in the propagating establishment and spread of lost synaptic plasticity in the Alzheimer disease process.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe human brain deals, at every instant, with a huge amount of visual stimuli. Besides that, the problem of treating all this information becomes even more complex if we consider that each component of a given stimuli needs to be compared to a set of known signals stored in memory. In Chapter One a numerical solution of Hodgkin Huxley equations is presented to describe the behavior of a neuron and the solution is illustrated by a graphical chart interface to finely tune the behavior of the neuron visually programmed in Java. Chapter Two explores the connection between visual attention algorithms and the recognition of objects by computers in digital images. Chapter Three reviews research and provides original data asserting that bias in legal judgment persists despite the inclusion of visual evidence partly because decision-makers perceptions of visual evidence may be swayed by subjective factors. The preference for a product is usually influenced by the visual appearance of the product image. Chapter Four proposes a new content-based approach, denominated CBAS, that combines textual attributes, visual features and visual attention to compose the products profile. Chapter Five uses electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the brain activations of visual attention in production designers and analyse the differences between higher creativity (HC) and lower creativity (LC) designers.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in neurosciences research. Chapter One reports on how neural network learning is possible in patients who are not conscious including patients in the vegetative state. Chapter Two is written for educational therapists who are working with ASD cases and the aim is twofold. Firstly, it is to raise the awareness among educational therapists on current neuroscientific studies on the autistic brain and its ASCs (and hence, ASD). Secondly, it is to inform how the findings from these neuroimaging studies can be translated into praxiological implications in autism treatment plan design for educational therapists. Chapter Three studies the postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients after cardiac surgeries along with extensive review of the literature in this field. At least three types of POCD may be outlined, and therefore tests sensitive to each type of POCD should be included into test batteries. Chapter Four discusses the common types of brachial plexus injuries, local anatomy, exam findings, classification systems for injury severity, diagnostic tests and management. Chapter Five integrates the results of prior publications and describes additional findings and further implications providing indications that these intra- and intermuscular sequencing patterns are referenced to the cross-system relevance of efficient movement coordination in general, interlocking the whole range from intersegmental motor interactions down to the functional structures within specific muscles, as one functional entity. Chapter Six reports on strabismus which is the most frequent ocular surgery performed in childhood and requires anaesthesia that provides akinesia, analgesia, and sometimes ocular hypotonia, to adjust sutures. Chapter Seven studies the poster dorsal medial amygdala (MePD) which is involved in the display of reproductive behaviour in both male and female rats. Further studies demonstrated that it also integrates a subcortical social behaviour network with additional, but selective modulatory roles.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in neurosciences research. Chapter One summarized the progress of this area over the past two decades by showing that inflammatory mediators (ligands in a positive feedback loop and/or other inflammatory mediators through receptor cross-talk) released from inflamed or injured tissues increase cell surface trafficking of nociceptive receptors in primary sensory neurons and dorsal horn neurons. The aim of Chapter Two is to discuss and detail well-established stress animal models, discussing their validity to mimic human neuropsychiatric disorders (i.e. depression, anxiety and cognitive deficiency). Chapter Three discusses post-dural puncture headache (PPH) which is the most common major complication following neuraxial anaesthesia and usually happens in obstetrics. Chapter Four reviews the known pharmacological mechanisms of action of first- and second-generation synthetic cathinones in the central nervous system in comparison to those of cocaine and amphetamines. These studies of the efficacy of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in adults with ADHD are reviewed in Chapter Five. As reported in Chapter Six, adult hippocampal neurogenesis is mediated by many factors and plays an important role in several diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, stroke, depression and epilepsy. In Chapter Seven, cognitive maps characteristics and the brain systems involved in spatial navigation of cognitive maps are the main focus. Chapter Eight reports on the improvement of human cognition and its precision due to technological advancement within the field of neuroscience. Chapter Nine demonstrates that low concentrations of N-acyl dopamines (below 1 am) stimulate cell proliferation, intermediate ones (1-20 gm.) induce differentiation, and higher ones lead to apoptosis.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn chapter one, Zhenggang Xiong and Liqiong Liu discuss their perception of the genetic alterations of gliomas and the biomarkers that can be used for classification, individualised treatment, and predicting prognosis of gliomas. Next, Norma Angélica Moy-López, Nadia Yanet Cortés-Álvarez, César Rubén Vuelvas-Olmos, María Fernanda Pinto-González, Jorge Guzmán-Muñiz, Jorge Luis Collás-Aguilar and Oscar P. Gonzalez-Perez concentrate on the effect of exposure to maternal HFD and obesity on offspring neurodevelopment in chapter two. In chapter three, Alan J. Pearce abridges current studies engaging techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Pierce addresses the advantages of using these techniques and how these techniques can be employed. In chapter four, Rocio Gomez-Herreros, Isabel Melguizo-Moya, M. Esther Sanchez-Garcia, and M. Asuncion Navarro-Puerto review dementia with Lewy bodies together with the diagnostic approach. Isabel Melguizo-Moya, M. Asunción Navarro-Puerto, Rocío Gómez-Herreros, and M. Esther Sánchez-García discuss late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus and the importance of an altered therapeutic approach in chapter five. After, brain mapping, intra-operative advanced cortical and subcortical mapping, and mapping stimulation protocols currently in use in the Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology at Kings College Hospital are presented by Christian Brogna, MD, PhD, Noemia Pereira, Eduardo C. Ribas, MD, PhD, Holly Jones, Francesco Vergani, MD, PhD, Sanjeev Bassi, Keyoumars Ashkan, and Ranjeev Bhangoo. In chapter seven, María de la Luz Arenas-Sordo, MD, PhD, Carlos P. Viñals-Labañino, MD, Laura L. Flores-García, MD, and Elsa Alvarado Solorio, MD present findings from a study group at the Pediatric Rehabilitation Department of the Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion. Moving on, chapter eight by M. Esther Sanchez-Garcia, M. Asuncion Navarro-Puerto, Isabel Melguizo-Moya, and Rocio Gomez-Herreros discusses Primary Sjögren''s syndrome (pSS) and the neurological complications that may arise from it. Synji De Paula Mulatiere, M Eugenia Gutiérrez Marco, Carmen Moret-Tatay, and M José Beneyto Arrojo wrap up the book with a discussion of the concept of resilience in chapter nine.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this compilation, the authors explore novel strategies for enhancing efficacy of SAHA in combination with other anti-tumor drugs. Although SAHA is used against various types of cancer cells, it still does not show high efficacy as a monotherapy against solid tumors, therefore new strategies must be explored for induction of growth arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis in different preclinical models of glioblastoma. The authors go onto address motion-induced blindness, which occurs when a stationary foreground pattern is not or only partially perceived due to a moving background pattern although it is not obscured by the moving background pattern. Two studies are presented which illustrate the motion-induced blindness and spinning dancer paradigms. This book also examines childhood maltreatment, the most frequent form of trauma during early childhood. In people exposed to maltreatment in childhood, numerous neurobiological changes have been found, primarily in the neuroendocrine systems activated by stress, which include the function of the autonomous nervous system and the hypothalamicpituitaryadrenal ax. Continuing, this book summarizes and discusses the findings of existing literature characterizing the normal biomechanics of the tibial nerve and comparing the normal biomechanics of this nerve against its biomechanics in the presence of pathology. This is done by synthesizing existing evidence on ultrasound applied in the study of different pathologies that can affect peripheral nerves, as well as the development of new procedures and technologies for a better nerve biomechanics characterization. A chapter is included which discusses the role of functional neuroimaging for research on ICDs and disinhibition in Parkinsons Disease. Significant neuropsychological and neuroanatomical data is analyzed, focusing on the concept of motor impulsivity in terms of disinhibition of prepotent responses. Later, the authors present a study with the goal of making an accurate cell quantification of retinal ganglion cells by comparing two types of retrograde axonal transport in RGCs. The basics of neurobiology and neuropsychology, learning processes and forming of neural connections to the brain are presented. The current knowledge of vessel wall MRI in the assessment of intracranial aneurysms is also reviewed. This new technique offers the potential to assess both ruptured and unruptured aneurysms at the level of the wall and underlying pathology that has hitherto been impossible to do with standard luminal imaging techniques such as angiography. The concluding chapter summarizes the current knowledge on the timing, risk factors and management of aneurysmal rebleeding, as there remains significant controversy regarding the risk factors, pathophysiology and optimal treatment to prevent rebleeding.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe cerebellum is an important part of the central nervous system in most vertebrates. This brain structure is involved in several functions, such as motor control, reflex adaptation, motor learning and cognition (Buckner 2013; Lupo et al., 2018). The opening review in this compilation focuses on the development of the cerebellum, and more specifically, on the production of several types of neurons. It will show that these cells are sequentially generated following strict neurogenetic timetables. Following this, the authors review manuscripts focusing on the negative impacts of maternal diabetes in pregnancy on the developing cerebellar cortex. Dissecting out the mechanisms responsible for maternal diabetes-related changes in the development of cerebellum is helpful in preventing impaired neurocognitive and neurobehavioral functions in offspring. The authors also investigate the consequences of repetitive drug administration on cerebellar synaptic efficiency. Insight into the neural mechanisms underlying these impairments has largely stemmed from clinical animal studies. The molecular and neuronal actions of addictive drugs in the cerebellum involve long-term adaptive changes in receptors, neurotransmitters and intracellular signaling transduction pathways that may lead to the reorganization of cerebellar microcomplexes or recreation of new domains of attraction. The gecko is proposed as a prospective animal model for a spaceflight experiment. Geckos demonstrate effective adaptation to weightlessness, quickly attaching themselves to surfaces by means of their subdigital pads, and during the spaceflight they retain both attached positions and normal locomotion, showing normal foraging, exploratory, social, and even play behavior. Next, an investigation was performed on Wistar rats with STZ induced (60.0 mg/kg, i.p.) diabetes. High frequency (100 Hz) were delivered to VI-th lobula of paleocerebellum in two different regimes one ES per two daily and thrice per day. VEP were registered in 6 and 12 weeks from the moment of diabetes induction. Lastly, a meta-analysis of recent findings of cerebellar involvement in executive functions is provided. A methodological issue is raised which is relevant for models explaining cerebellar connectivity and effects on cognitive performance in old age.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMaintaining good metabolic profile plays a significant role in improving the quality of life at aging. Widely recommended physical and psychological strategies include exercise, calorie restriction (such as healthy diet), anti-aging neuroprotective and anti-inflammation therapy. Most occurring risks at middle age range (45-65 years old) are obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, alteration in the hypothalamus-hypophysis suprarenal axis activity, stress and hypertension that could increase the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome increases with age, particularly for women. Significant associations were seen between imaging measures and cardiovascular risk factors at both baseline and 18-month follow-ups. Both baseline and longitudinal imaging analysis and correlations with neurocogntive tests as well as cardiovascular risk factors could provide distinct and confirmative perspectives relating to the pathophysiology of aging-related diseases such as dementia and diabetes. Significant baseline and longitudinal effects of age, smoking and neuropathological burdens such as amyloid, tau and glucose metabolism provide a complete imaging, neurocognitive and cardiovascular profile for better staging and differentiating different diseases. Together with accurate imaging guidance, early detection and treatment could be achieved with the ultimate goal of improving quality of life at middle age and extending longevity. The aim of this book is intended to provide both beginners and experts in biomedical imaging and health care a broad picture as well as new development in brain function and metabolism of aging using innovative neuroimaging techniques and advanced longitudinal /correlational analyses. Methods and data presented in this book with novel experimental designs and protocols, especially longitudinal investigation of multiple imaging metrics from microvascular, micro-structural to systematic functional, metabolic and neuropathological perspectives will help improving diagnosis and early prevention of common diseases at middle age such as metabolic syndrome and early dementia. Some promising prevention strategies such as arts therapy, aerobic exercise and calorie restriction will be introduced additionally with imaging evidence. Results presented will help improving diagnosis accuracy, staging, and determining phases and trajectories of disease progression with age, endothelial dysfunction and deficits in metabolic syndrome. This book will provide the current state-of-the-art and new frontiers of brain function and metabolic changes at age using multi-parametric functional, structural and molecular imaging techniques in detection, diagnosis and treatment. We will present some forefront and interesting multi-dimensional baseline and longitudinal imaging techniques to serve as a reference and resource book in neuroimaging application and research field. Several distinct detection and application perspectives, including cutting-edge imaging methods from baseline evaluations to longitudinal applications as well as multi-modal and multi-parametric quantifications will be described. The relatively new and advanced data and results together with interesting examples and application demonstrations could help facilitate the generalization, interpretation and applications of these techniques to improve disease diagnosis, quality of life and treatment for metabolic syndrome and brain dysfunction.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/function-and-metabolism-of-aging-longitudinal-neuroimaging-evaluations/

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe opening chapter of Horizons in Neuroscience Research. Volume 37 suggests a definition and temporal origin of languages that emerge naturally-without linguistic assumptions or preconceptions-from an analytic and predictive theory of mental evolution. A significant number of Alzheimer's disease patients present with low circulating plasma leptin levels. As such, studies expressed in the following chapter have shown that leptin treatment reduces amyloid and phosphorylated tau accumulation in cultured cells and animal models, with beneficial effects. A systematic review of the structure and function of the cerebellum in normal brain and surveys the distribution of the pathology in a major molecular group of neurodegenerative disease is presented, inclduing Alzheimer's disease, argyrophilic grain disease, corticobasal degeneration, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, guam parkinsonian dementia complex, primary age-related tauopathy, and progressive supranuclear palsy. The application of Fourier analysis is illustrated with reference to the spatial distribution of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of six cases of Alzheimer's disease, and it is suggested as a useful statistical method for studying the patterns of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Additionally, the structure and function of the basal ganglia in normal brain are described, and the role that differential pathology in these regions may have in determining the clinical symptoms in neurodegenerative disease is explored. The authors describe the structure and function of the superior colliculus in the normal brain, as well as the pathological changes in the superior colliculus which may explain eye movement problems in two neurodegenerative disorders: progressive supranuclear palsy and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The results obtained in the penultimate chapter corroborate the toxic effects at cellular and molecular levels that the administration of L-DOPA has, even in a healthy system, affirming the need to find a Parkinson disease treatment alternative. The final study investigates the relationship between the number of flow experiences in daily life and brain activation by near-infrared spectroscopy.

Read more less