Neurosciences Books

Book SynopsisThis volume focuses on the emergent field of neuroethics comparing and contrasting how two democracies, Canada and the United States, have begun adapting public policy design to better fit human minds. The book focuses on issues relevant to all members of the general population and discusses a series of policy issues arranged roughly in the order in which they become relevant in a typical person’s lifetime. After the introductory chapter each chapter considers an area of public policy particularly relevant to a different stage of life—from early childhood education policy, to policies for higher education and the workplace, to end of life decisions in living wills and advance directives. The author puts forth that making the shift towards more neurologically appropriate policy will likely be a gradual process hampered primarily by two issues. The first is the inability of neuroscientists to come to agreement on increasingly sophisticated research findings. The second issue points out that bringing policy and neurology into a more synchronous relationship requires a commitment to prolonged effort involves the largely unrecognized reality of entrenched neurological interests. The first chapter introduces the concept of disconnect between policy design with traditional understandings of the brain and goes on to highlight developments in the science of human neurology in recent years. To help contextualize the book, examples of neurological misperceptions are explored in this introductory chapter. Chapters Two through Eleven each explores a specific type of policy, incorporating understandings of the human brain which, modern neuroscience suggests, are debatable.​Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction: Of the People, for the People and by the People?.- Chapter 2: Early Childhood Education: Ensuring Access through 1990s Neuroscience.- Chapter 3: Bullying and the Beholder: Zero Tolerance Policies.- Chapter 4: Medicine and the Mind: Treating the Adolescent Brain.- Chapter 5: Ages of Consent and Majority: Perspective and Decision Making.- Chapter 6: Knowledge and Wisdom: High Stakes Testing and Learning Outcomes.- Chapter 7: Labor Policy: Employees as Children.- Chapter 8: Fairness and Bias: Discrimination in the Workplace.- Chapter 9: Persistence of Memory: Bearing Witness or Serving on a Jury.- Chapter 10: Happy Golden Years: Retirement Policy.- Chapter 11: Will to Live and the Living Will.- Chapter 12: Complexity is Our Responsibility: Concluding Thoughts on Moving Forward.​

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Book SynopsisThis book transposes the ‘free-energy principle’, as espoused by the neuroscientist Karl Friston, to strategic governance, and forming the new concept of Free-Energy Governance (FEG). This concept lays the foundation for a new logic of governing continuous transformation. In addition to guiding the structure, cognition, and capabilities of success in strategic renewal, FEG provides a systematic and practice-relevant approach to predicting a firm’s potential for entropy.Using this new concept, the author shows that the success of continuous strategic renewal and business innovation, elements crucial for firm survival, are determined by the triplet of a firm’s structure, cognition, and dynamic board capabilities. “How to govern large organizations in times of high uncertainty and permanent change? To answer this pressing question, … Bijan Khezri has been the first to apply [the free energy] principle to management science … This book is an eyeopener for every reflective leader.¨ Professor Oliver Gassmann, Director of the Institute of Management and Technology, University of St. Gallen “I really enjoyed reading this book. It was both exciting and reassuring to see how the same fundamental ideas can be found in fields as disparate as nonequilibrium steady-state physics and theories of governance.” Professor Karl. J. Friston; Director of the Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging “Using a term often applied to best-selling novels, ‘it is a page turner’ in which I learned something new in every chapter! Every board member, all executives and scholars interested in strategic leadership and governance must read this book if they wish to remain relevant in the coming transformational decades.” Michael A. Hitt University Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University Former President, Academy of Management, and former Editor, Academy of Management Journal "We could not ask for a better author to initiate this new conversation in the board research community and convey its merits to the world of board practice." Martin HilbProfessor Emeritus, University of St. Gallen Founder and Managing Partner, International Board Foundation and President of Swiss Institute of Directors “Set against a wide swath of literature, the book impressively makes the case for a new logic of strategic renewal in which the board of directors plays a central role.” Professor Constance E. Helfat, Tuck School of Business at DartmouthTable of ContentsPart I: Re-framing the Strategy-Governance Conversation.- 1. ‘Thinking Born of Curiosity, Revolt, and Change’.- 2. Sensing, Sensemaking, and Strategic Renewal.- 3. Microfoundations of Strategic Governance.- 4. Free Energy Principle (FEP).- 5. Conclusion.- Part II: Free Energy Governance (FEG).- 6. Structure: Synergizing Governance and Operational Channels.- 7. Cognition: From Superposition to Reality.- 8. Capabilities: Duality Management.- 9. Laying the Foundation for a Self-Organizing (Autopoietic) Governance Logic.- Part III: Conclusion.- 10. Free Energy Governance vs. Traditional Corporate Governance.- 11. Implications for Management Practice.- 12. Future Research Agenda.- 13. Outperformance and Survival as a Matter of Self-Organization.- Part IV: Engaged Scholarship Interviews.- 14. Steve Case.- 15. Jan Ståhlberg.

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Book SynopsisThis extensively revised second edition provides a comprehensive overview of transient global amnesia (TGA). First, it deals with the history of TGA before moving on to clinical and diagnostic features and differential diagnosis. Subsequent chapters then discuss the investigation and predisposing and precipitating factors for TGA before attempting to synthesise these many strands in order to formulate ideas about the pathogenesis of TGA. Each of the chapters is devoted to a practical and structured overview of the particular topic, with use of case studies to illustrate the material. Based in part on the author’s experience of TGA cases over 20 years and in part on a review of the published literature, this book will hopefully enlighten clinicians from a broad range of medical backgrounds on the clinical features, investigation, and pathogenesis of TGA. Transient Global Amnesia is aimed at any clinician with an interest in, or who encounters patients with, acute amnesia: neurologists, general physicians, old age psychiatrists, geriatricians, clinical neuropsychologists, and primary care physicians, as well as other professions allied to medicine with similar interests, such as members of memory assessment teams.Table of ContentsHistory of TGA.- Beginnings: Fisher and Adams’ first accounts of TGA.- “Prehistory” of TGA.- After Fisher and Adams.- A note on nomenclature.- A note on methodology.- Summary and recommendations.- References .- Clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and possible variants of TGA.- Clinical features of TGA.- TGA archetype.- Accompanying neurological symptoms.- Time of onset: diurnal.- Attack duration.- Prognosis, recurrence.- Diagnostic criteria of TGA.- Essential features and inclusion/exclusion boundaries.- Hodges and Warlow’s diagnostic criteria.- TGA subtypes?.- Possible variant forms of TG.- Transient topographical amnesia (TTA).- Transient partial verbal amnesia (TPVA).- Transient semantic amnesia.- Transient procedural amnesia.- Transient retrograde amnesia.- Summary and recommendations .- References.- Differential diagnosis of TGA.- Transient ischaemic attack (TIA).- Other forms of cerebrovascular disease.- Other vascular pathologies, including angiography.- Cardiac disorders.- Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA).- Interrelation of TGA and TEA.- Transient psychological amnesia (TPA).- Other symptomatic causes of transient amnesia.- Migraine.- Adverse drug effect.- Hypoglycaemia.- Traumatic brain (closed head) injury.- Alcohol-induced amnesia; Korsakoff syndrome.- Fatigue amnesia.- Other causes of acute cerebral disorder.- Acute confusional state/delirium/toxic-metabolic encephalopathy.- Cerebral haemorrhage.- Acute brain infection (encephalitis).- Summary and recommendations.- References.- Investigation and management of TGA.- Neuropsychology.- Neuropsychological deficits during TGA: memory.- “Working memory”.- Anterograde memory.- Retrograde memory.- Semantic memory.- Implicit memory.- Spatial memory.- Neuropsychological deficits during TGA: other, non-memory, cognitive domains.- Language.- Visuoperceptual, visuospatial skills.- Executive function.- Neuropsychological deficits after TGA.- Neuroimaging: structural and functional.- Structural neuroimaging.- Computed tomography (CT).- Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.- Functional neuroimaging.- Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).- Positron emission tomography (PET).- Functional MRI (fMRI) .- MR spectroscopy (MRS).- CT perfusion (CTP) imaging.- Neurophysiology Electroencephalography (EEG).- EEG during TGA.- Magnetoencephalography (MEG).- Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).- Other investigations.- Blood tests.- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).- Sonography.- Arterial.- Venous; internal jugular vein valve incompetence.- Management.- Driving.- Summary and recommendation.- References.- Prognosis of TGA.- Recovery and persisting cognitive deficit.- Recurrence.- Annual recurrence rate.- Recurrent TG.- Future risk.- Cognitive decline: dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).- Cognitive decline: progressive aphasia.- Stroke.- Epilepsy.- Summary and recommendations.- References .- Epidemiology of TGA (1): Possible predisposing factors.- Incidence .- Time of onset: seasonal.- Place of onset: geographical distribution.- Patient age.- Patient gender.- Patient ethnicity.- Patient social class.- Family history of TGA.- Migraine.- Patient personality traits and psychological factors.- Vascular risk factors and stroke.- Structural brain lesions, including brain tumours.- Brain infections.- Summary and recommendations.- References.- Epidemiology of TGA (2): Possible precipitating factors.- Emotional stress.- Physical effort.- Water contact or temperature change.- Sexual activity.- Pain.- Medical procedures.- Other possible precipitating factors.- Summary and recommendations .- References.- Aetiopathogenesis of TGA.- Cerebrovascular changes.- Arterial.- Venous.- Epilepsy.- Migraine.- Genetics.- Psychiatry.- Formulation: neural network models and hypothesis.- The future?.- Summary.- References.- Index.

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Book SynopsisSocial stress has emerged as a research front in the neurosciences, and this volume highlights recent insights in brain mechanisms and methodological advances. The topics range from the evolutionary origins of coping with social challenges to neural mechanism-driven focus on novel treatment targets. The parallel presentation of work with animal models and human subjects is bound to be useful to a broad research community.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book is based on the proceedings of the Enteric Nervous System conference in Adelaide, Australia, under the auspices of the International Federation for Neurogastroenterology and Motility. The book focuses on methodological strategies and unresolved issues in the field and explores where the future is heading and what technological advances have been made to address current and future questions. The Enteric Nervous System II continues in the tradition of a popular earlier volume which covered the previous meeting. Many of the same authors are contributing to this new volume, presenting state-of-the-art updates on the many developments in the field since the earlier meeting. The coverage include a wide range of topics, from structure and function of the enteric nervous system through gut motility and visceral pain. The author team includes long-established authorities who significantly contributed to the advances in ENS research over the past two decades and the new generation that will continue to contribute to advancing our understanding of the field. Table of Contents Luminal Chemoreceptors and Intrinsic Nerves- Key Modulators of Digestive Motor Function Comparative and evolutionary aspects of the ENS Exploring synaptic transmission in the ENS: electrophysiology, functional studies and modelling Mucosal Serotonin Ca2+ signaling in Interstitial cells of Cajal: The mechanistic basis for many GI motility behaviors Identifying types of neurons in the enteric nervous system Clinico-Pathological Features of severe gut dysmotility Purinergic signaling in the ENS Myogenic and neural control in concert colonic response to physiological and chemical stimuli Molecular targets to alleviate enteric neuropathy and gastrointestinal dysfunction The emerging role of the gut-brain microbiota axis in neurodevelopmental disorders A view on how enteric neurons monitor luminal content Interaction of the microbiota and the developing ENS Influence of the circadian rhythm on enteric nervous system function Mechanosensitive Enteric Neurons (MEN) at work Neurogenetic investigation of the ENS and gut motility The shaggy dog story of enteric signaling: serotonin, a molecular megillah Contribution of enteric neuroglial remodelling to inflammatory bowel disease and cancer evolution Examining cellular metabolism in the enteric nervous system Embryonic development of motility: a bottom-up approach to the workings of the intestine Quantitative analysis of intestinal movements with spatiotemporal maps The roles of Mas related G-protein coupled receptors in the gut Refining Enteric Neural Circuitry by Quantitative Morphology, Transcriptomics and Function in Mice” Extrinsic modulation of enteric circuits that regulate colon function in health and disease Activating and Modeling ENS Circuits in Mouse Colon Neurons, macrophages and glia: the role of intercellular communication for gut motility Modelling development of the ENS: What's been done and what's next Epithelial 5-HT4 receptors as a target for treating constipation and colitis Activity in Enteric Neural circuits underlying propulsion Contribution of the ENS to autoimmune diseases and irritable bowel syndrome

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Book SynopsisThis book is an exploration of the integration-differentiation dynamics that result in a drive, or impulse, toward human sociality, arguing that our need to connect with other people is as fundamental as our need for food and shelter. In The Social Impulse: The Evolution and Neuroscience of What Brings Us Together, Jaime Pineda presents the evidence that social cohesion is a complementary force to natural selection, the Darwinian drive for differentiation and diversity. The book addresses the distinctive aspects of social behavior that arise from integration principles and seeks to answer the following questions: (1) Why does social cohesion arise? (2) What is the history of social dynamics? (3) How does social cohesion work? (4) When do the developmental aspects of social dynamics arise? A final section of the book addresses the value of sociality and social cohesion. By exploring the differences, similarities, and, most important, the interactivity between natural selection and social cohesion, this unique book provides a wealth of interesting, challenging, and unexpected insights.Table of ContentsTable of Contents Part I Differentiation-Integration Dynamics: Ultimate Causes Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Darwinian Dilemmas 1.2 Lingering Issues in the Social Domain 1.3 Goals and Themes Chapter 2: Purposeless Design 2.1 System of Synthetic Philosophy 2.2 The Supreme Law of Every Becoming 2.3 Revolutionary Ideas 2.4 Social Evolution Chapter 3: Darwinian Evolutionary Theory 3.1 The Incompleteness of Natural Selection 3.2 Group or Multilevel Selection 3.3 Gene-Culture Coevolution in Humans 3.4 Lamarckian Evolution and Epigenetics 3.5 Filling in a Darwinian Gap Chapter 4: Principles of Differentiation and Integration 4.1 Integrating the Processes of Evolution 4.2 Fundamental, Opposing Forces 4.3 Decreased Interdependency, Increased Complexity 4.4 Decreased Autonomy, Increased Function 4.5 Integration and Differentiation in the Brain Chapter 5: The Information Trend in Science 5.1 Evolution as Information 5.2 Features of Scientific Integration 5.3 Vertical Integration of Information 5.4 Horizontal Integration Chapter 6: Is Social Cohesion a Different Mechanism of Evolution? 6.1 Not Parallel, but Interactive and Intentional 6.2 Cultural Innovations as Traits 6.3 Cumulative Culture, Groups, and Social Cohesion 6.4 The Role of Communication 6.5 Sociocultural Primitives and Self-Organization Part II Roots and Mechanisms: Proximate Causes Chapter 7: Fundamental Physical Forces, Genes, and Epigenetics 7.1 Entropy and Negentropy in Evolution 7.2 Eusociality and Prosociality Responses to Evolutionary Pressures 7.3 Genetic Transition to Eusociality and Prosociality 7.4 The Impact of Epigenetics on Sociality Chapter 8: Biological Origins 8.1 From Unicellular to Multicellular Life 8.2 Cell Signaling and Adhesion 8.3 Phylogenetic Continuity 8.4 Mathematical Aggregation and Cohesiveness Chapter 9: Neural Mechanisms of Sociality 9.1 The Social Brain 9.2 Phylogeny of Social Behavior 9.3 Group Dynamics and Knowledge of Others 9.4 Social Intersubjectivity and the Insular Cortex 9.5 Interpersonal Neurobiology Chapter 10: Psychological Features 10.1The Cognitivism Paradigm 10.2Psychological Mechanisms of Social Cognition 10.3The Role of Imitation Learning 10.4Evolutionary Psychology, Memes, and Culture Chapter 11: Cognitive Science Underpinnings 11.1Social Cognition and Cohesiveness 11.2Empathy and Compassion 11.3Phylogenetic Primitives and Ontogenetic Continuity 11.4Constraints on the Becoming Function 11.5Phenomenology: The Lived Experience Chapter 12: A Sociological Systems Theory 12.1Societal Differentiations 12.2Structurally Linked Sociality and Social Cohesion 12.3Social Enactivism and Collective Rituals in the Wild Chapter 13: Developmental Roots 13.1Developmental Evolutionary Psychology 13.2History of Cognitive Development 13.3Social Brain Networks 13.4The Importance of Language 13.5Architecture of the Linguistic Systems Chapter 14: Metaphysical, Religious, and Spiritual Aspects 14.1Metaphysics and Religious Transformation of Reality 14.2The Importance of Myths: A Story of Origins 14.3Integration as the Search for Unity 14.4Evolution and Democratization of the Religious Impulse 14.5Cultural Aspects of Religion Part III Survival Value Chapter 15: Sociality’s Survival Value 15.1Filling in the Explanatory Gaps 15.2Benefits of a More Synthetic Theory 15.3Wise Managers of Evolutionary Processes 15.4Social Cohesion and Sociality 15.5Why Males Court and Females Choose 15.6Doing and Undoing Complexity 15.7Emergent General Intelligence Part IV Conclusions Chapter 16: A New Framework: A Theory of Integration 16.1Refinement of the Darwinian Framework 16.2Sociality as Constraint-Satisfaction and Self-Organizing 16.3Origins of Social Cohesion 16.4Sociocultural Development of Sociality 16.5Final Thoughts Appendix Poem: Song of the Shattering Vessels References Index

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Book SynopsisNew Discoveries in the Behavioral Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder reviews the latest developments in preclinical and clinical research of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. As well as updating key chapters that were included in an earlier edition, this volume includes some new topics that are attracting a great deal of interest and point the way to new and promising directions for future research. The chapters follow five main themes: Current perspectives on the clinical profile of ADHD and its treatment, common co-occurring conditions, neurobiological studies examining brain function and genetics, animal and in vitro studies, and future directions. This combination of topics emphasises the translational relevance and validity of preclinical research so as to enable a better understanding of ADHD and to highlight the promising strategies for developing new treatments.Table of ContentsCLINICAL PROFILE AND TREATMENTS.- ADHD in children and adults: diagnosis and prognosis.- Treatment strategies.- Psychostimulants – treatment efficacy and problems.- Recent developments and future options for pharmacological treatments for ADHD.- GENETICS.- Genetics of ADHD (including CNVs).- Genes , cognitive function and ADHD.- Epigenetics and ADHD.- CO-MORBIDITY.- ADHD and comorbid depression.- ADHD and autism.- Aggression and ADHD.- Obesity and ADHD (+ cytokines?).- Sleep circadian rhythms and ADHD.- Substance misuse .- ASSESSING BRAIN FUNCTION / DYSFUNCTION.- EEG and ADHD (the skeptical view).- Update on imaging – with connectivity.- Visual processing substrates for ADHD.- Cortical microstructure / connectivity.- ANIMAL AND IN VITRO STUDIES.- Critique of animal models.- Update on circuits for impulsive behaviour.- Zebrafish.- Update on DA transporter and ADHD.- Arousal, noradrenaline and ADHD.- FUTURE DIRECTIONS.- Stem cells for disease modelling.- Microbiome and ADHD.- Adult ADHD.

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Book SynopsisJürgen Tautz, renowned German bee researcher explains how bees communicate. Exciting and surprising new insights on communication between bees. During the history of bee research, scientists have peered deep into the inner life of bee colonies and learned much about the behaviour of these insects. Above all, the bee waggle dance has become a famous and extensively discussed phenomenon. Nevertheless, recent insights reveal that while bees are social insects inside the hive they also communicate with one another outside the hive. In this book, Jürgen Tautz, renowned German bee researcher, provides an entertaining, fresh and enlightened account for lay and professional readers, not only about the fascinating dance language but also about additional remarkable phenomena concerning information exchange between bees. From the author of the bestseller “The Buzz about Bees”. “The Language of Bees” assembles, for the first time, a complete overview of how bees understand one another. Although communication biology research on bees has so far concentrated largely on events within the hive, this book directs attention as well, to how bees communicate in the field outside the hive. The reader learns which steps new bee recruits take to reach the feeder a dancing forager has advertised. The book analyses the status of work on the bee dance published over the last 100 years and orders the essential findings as building blocks into a coherent new concept of how bees find their target. In addition, the historical survey of research on the “Bee Language” explains how several contradictory and incomplete hypotheses can still survive. A fresh point of view on one of the most remarkable behavioural performances in the animal kingdom. Observation from a different viewpoint leads to previously unknown insights. Such new perspectives clearly reveal both how large the gaps in our knowledge still are in relation to the language of bees and in which direction research must take to complete the picture of one of the most impressive behavioural accomplishments in animals. Prof. Dr. Jürgen Tautz is an expert on bees, sociobiologist, animal behaviourist and emeritus professor at the Biozentrum, University of Würzburg. He is a bestseller author and recipient of many awards of excellence for his successful communication of science to a wide public. Trade Review“A book dedicated entirely to the story of the waggle dance. The book starts with a careful description of the history of bee research and Tautz makes a special effort to deliver the science ‘as is’ and avoid recycling previous interpretations. … it is long enough to make you wonder what makes this topic worthy of an entire book.” (Etya Amsalem, American Entomologist, Vol. 69 (2), 2023)“Tautz is to be applauded for attempting to write a synthesis of what has been learned over the past 100 years about how honey bees, like human beings, are able to direct groupmates to important places in the environment. Worker honey bees neither lead others, nor make trails, to these places. Instead, both they and we can ‘simply’ tell others where to find good food sources, snug homesites, and other sites of importance.” (Thomas D. Seeley, The Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol. 98 (2), June, 2023)“The book sets out to explore, using available knowledge, how recruited foragers are successful in getting to a food source that they have been made aware of. Each chapter of the book is broken down into clear subsections, well-illustrated with appropriate explanatory figures and photographs. The book has a very useful glossary and very detailed references to nearly 300 relevant studies.” (Ian Campbell, BBKA News - The newsletter of The British Beekeepers' Association, March, 2023)“This is quite simply a masterclass of a book. It deals with the whole history of research on communication in honey bees from the earliest observations of Aristotle to the present day and is both authoritative and accessible. … I recommend this book to anyone who keeps bees, watches bees or is just fascinated by insects in general.” (George C. McGavin, BeeCraft, December, 2022)“I believe that this book is an essential read for anybody who is interested in honeybees, but it is also of great interest to a more general readership who may wish to understand more about the amazing world of social insects.” (Mary Montaut, The Beekeepers Quarterly, Vol. 150, December, 2022)“In this book renowned German bee researcher Jürgen Tautz provides an entertaining, fresh and enlightening account for both lay and professional readers, not only about the fascinating dance language but also about additional remarkable phenomena concerning information exchange between bees.” (Farming Scotland Magazine, December, 2022)“The book is richly illustrated. … I really enjoyed reading this book, and thanks to the many references to research over time on the topic, including research done by for example Thomas Seeley, it deepened and broadened my understanding of how bees communicates with each other.” (Paul Lindström, The Apiarist, October, 2022)“The book concludes with an excellent glossary and a magnificently comprehensive list of further references. … a text comes along that stands out from all others, written by a dedicated researcher possessed of the talent required to convey complex science to a wide audience. I take my hat off to Jürgen Tautz who has accomplished just that, and the world of bee research is all the better for it.” (David M. Gascoigne, travelswithbirds.blogspot.com, August 29, 2022)Table of ContentsPreface.- The struggle for insight.- How research on honeybee communication began.- Research on Bees Flourishes with Karl von Frisch.- The dance language remains a controversial idea.- James L. Gould’s experiments explain some but not all difficulties.- Research focuses on the inside of the hive.- Measurement of the dance figures in Space and Time.- Bees and vectors.- Robo-bees and radar techniques.- An interim balance sheet.- Swarm behaviour shows bees communicate not only through the dance.- Rethinking communication between bees.- Conclusion.- Appendix.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes new theories and applications of artificial neural networks, with a special focus on answering questions in neuroscience, biology and biophysics and cognitive research. It covers a wide range of methods and technologies, including deep neural networks, large-scale neural models, brain–computer interface, signal processing methods, as well as models of perception, studies on emotion recognition, self-organization and many more. The book includes both selected and invited papers presented at the XXIV International Conference on Neuroinformatics, held on October 17–21, 2022, in Moscow, Russia.Table of ContentsPart I: Neuroinformatics and Artificial Intelligence.- Tree Inventory with LiDAR Data.- Towards Reliable Solar Atmospheric Parameters Neural-Based Inference.- Addressing Task Prioritization in Model-based Reinforcement Learning.- Automatic Generation of Conversational Skills from Dialog Datasets.- Part II: Neural Networks and Cognitive Sciences. Adaptive Behavior and Evolutionary Simulation.- Individual Topology Structure of Eye Movement Trajectories.- Neural Network Providing the Involvement of Voluntary Attention into the Processing and Conscious Perception of Sensory Information.- Alpha Rhythm Dynamics During Spoken Word Recognition.- Robotic Devices Control Based on Neuromorphic Classifiers of Imaginary Motor Commands.- A Software System for Training Motor Imagery in Virtual Reality.- On the Importance of Diversity.- “MYO-chat” – A New Computer Control System for People with Disabilities.- Low-bit Quantization of Transformer for Audio Speech Recognition.- A Model of Predicting and Using Regularities by an Autonomous Agent.- A Review of One-Shot Neural Architecture Search Methods.- Does a Recurrent Neural Network Use Reflection During a Reflexive Game?.- A Gender Genetic Algorithm and its Comparison with Conventional Genetic Algorithm.- Associations of Morphometric Changes of the Brain with the Levels of IGF1, a Multifunctional Growth Factor, and with Systemic Immune Parameters Reflect the Disturbances of Neuroimmune Interactions in Patients with Schizophrenia.- Part III: Modern Methods and Technologies in Neurobiology.- Dynamics of Background and Evoked Activity of Neurons in the Auditory Cortex of the Unanaesthetized Cat.- Search for Markers of Moderate Cognitive Disorders through Phase Synchronization between Rhythmic Photostimulus and EEG Pattern.- Astrocytes Enhance Image Representation Encoded in Spiking Neural Network.- Classification of Neuron Type Based on Average Activity.- Comparative Analysis of Statistical and Neural Network Classification Methods on the Example of Synthesized Data in the Stimulus-Independent Brain-Computer Interface Paradigm.- Shunting Effect of Synaptic Channels Located on Presynaptic Terminal.- Analysis of Appearances, Formation and Evolution of Biological Functional Systems.- The Reinforcement Learning Theory, Value Function, and the Nature of Value Function Calculation by the Insular Cortex.- To the Role of Inferior Olives in Cerebellar Neuromechanics.- Individual Differences in Mismatch-Induced c-Fos Expression in the Retrosplenial Cortex in Rats: Shift in Activity is Layer-Specific.- Sleep of Poor and Good Nappers under the Afternoon Exposure to Weak 2-Hz/8-Hz Electromagnetic Fields.- Part IV: Applications of Neural Networks.- Classification of Light Microscopy Image Using Probabilistic Bayesian Neural Network.- SPICE Model of Analog Content-Addressable Memory Based on 2G FeFET Crossbar.- IQ-GAN: Instance Quantized Image Synthesis.- Specifics of Crossbar Resistor Arrays.- Recurrent and Graph Neural Networks for Particle Tracking at the BM@N Experiment.- Modeling of a Neural Network Algorithm for Suppressing Non-Stationary Interference in an Adaptive Antenna Array.- Learning Various Locomotion Skills from Scratch with Deep Reinforcement Learning.- Center3dAugNet: Effect of Rotation Representation on One-Stage Joint Car Detection and 6D-Pose Estimation.- Global memory transformer for processing long documents.- Development of the Convolutional Neural Network for Defining the Renal Pathology Using Computed Tomography Images.- Possibility of Using Various Architectures of Convolutional Neural Networks in the Problem of Determining the Type of Rhythm.- DeepPavlov Topics: Topic Classification Dataset for Conversational Domain in English.- Multi-Input Convolutional Neural Networks in Real-Time Semantic Segmentation Tasks.- Integration of Data and Algorithms in Solving Inverse Problems of Spectroscopy of Solutions by Machine Learning Methods.- Investigation of Pareto Front of Neural Network Approximation of Solution of Laplace Equation in Two Statements: with Discontinuous Initial Conditions or with Measurement Data?.- Multitask learning for extensive object description to improve scene understanding on monocular video.- Use of Classification Algorithms to Predict the Grade of Geomagnetic Disturbance.- Information processing in spiking neuron-astrocyte network in ageing.- Multilingual Case-insensitive Named Entity Recognition.- Multi-level Pipeline for Data Mining with Similar Structure.- Creating a Brief Review of Judicial Practice Using Clustering Methods.- Part V: Neural Network Theory, Concepts and Architectures.- "Gas” instead of “Liquid”: which Liquid State Machine is Better?.- Using a Resistor Array to Tackle Optimization Problems.- Generative Adversarial Networks as an Approach to Unsupervised Link Prediction Problem.- DGAC: Dialog Graph AutoConstruction up on Data with a Regular Structure.- Relay System of Differential Equations with Delay as a Perceptron Model.- Analysis of Predictive Capabilities of Adaptive Multilayer Models with Physics-Based Architecture for Duffing Oscillator?.- An Attempt to Formalize the Formulation of the Network Architecture Search Problem for Convolutional Neural Networks.- Use of Conditional Variational Autoencoders and Partial Least Squares in Solving an Inverse Problem of Spectroscopy.- On the Similarities between Denoising Diffusion Models and Autoencoders.

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Book SynopsisA recently proposed novel scheme of dystonia suggests that it is a disorder of neural network. Impairment in any of the “nodes” of the network may result in deficient network activity, causing dystonia. This book aims to present various experimental evidence supporting the network theory of dystonia. Dystonia is the abnormal twisting and turning of the organ and associated involuntary oscillations. Although dystonia is less common than Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, or stroke, each of these common disorders present with dystonia. Information regarding the brain regions that may be involved in dystonia is surprisingly limited and often conflicting. With chapters written by subject matter experts, this is a unique title that focuses on dystonia as a network disorder. This book would be of interest to basic and clinical researchers with an interest in motor systems and movement disorders.Table of ContentsEditorialDystonia in childhood - how insights from paediatric research enrich the network theory of dystoniaFocal Dystonia and the Stress-NetworkLimbic influences in Musicians dystoniaNetwork perspective on task-specific dystoniaElectromyography as a method for distinguising dystonia-like behavior in miceDeep brain stimulation of the interposed cerebellar nuclei in a mouse model of dystoniaApplications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for understanding and treating dystoniaBrain connectivity in dystonia: evidence from MagnetoencephalographyDysfunctional networks in functional dystoniaCollicular-pulvinar-amygdala axis and adult-onset idiopathic focal dystonia syndrome Neuromodulation in dystoniaElectrophysiological properties of pallidal cells in cervical dystonia patients undergoing unilateral DBSClinical implications of dystonia as a neural network disorder

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Book SynopsisThis open access book explores the expectations surrounding dementia, what it ‘looks like’ and how people have been treated by others. It aims to raise awareness of the different types of dementia, and how they impact the brain, body, and lived experience, including experience of Alzheimer’s disease, Vascular Dementia, Posterior Cortical Atrophy, Frontotemporal Dementia, Semantic Dementia, and Lewy Body Dementia. The co-authors reflect on their experience with informal and formal care, before finishing with a focus on the spectrum of dementia research from clinical trials to user-led research. Throughout the book, co-authors have shared personal stories of how dementia has affected them and people with lived experience of dementia share what they wish people knew about living with the disease. Co-produced by people with lived experience of dementia, academics and health care professionals, this book is an accessible resource about dementia from the perspective of people actively involved in the field and essential reading for healthcare professionals wishing to learn more about the experience of this neuroprogressive condition, as well as policymakers, and members of the public.Table of Contents1. Coproducing a book on dementia research.- 2. Taking part in Alzheimer’s disease research.- 3. Taking part in Vascular dementia research.- 4. Taking part in Fronto-Temporal dementia research.- 5. Taking part in Parkinson’s dementia research.- 6. Taking part in dementia with lewy bodies research.- 7. Taking part in PCA dementia research.- 8. Lessons for future research in dementia.

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Book SynopsisIntroduction: basic building materials.- How to build a hindbrain.- How to build a limbic system.- How to build occipital lobes.- How to build parietal lobes.- How to build temporal lobes.- How to build the chemical senses.- Creating consciousness: building the front lobes.- Principles of plasticity.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1. Basic Epigenetic Mechanisms.- Chapter 2. Epigenetics in Learning and Memory.- Chapter 3. Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases.- Chapter 4. The Promise of Epigenetic Editing for Treating Brain Disorders.- Chapter 5. Epigenetic Control in Schizophrenia.- Chapter 6. Environmental Enrichment and Epigenetic Changes in the Brain: From the Outside to the Deep Inside.- Chapter 7. Remodeling the Epigenome through Meditation: Effects on Brain, Body, and Well-Being.

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Book SynopsisDisturbances in Auditory and Visual Perceptual Function in Schizophrenia Patterns, Causes, and Consequences.- How Layer Specific fMRI Can Contribute to Understanding Perceptual Disturbances Across Psychiatric Disorders.- Sensory and Multisensory Processing Changes and Their Contributions to Autism and Schizophrenia.- Visual Perceptual Processing Abnormalities in Body Dysmorphic Disorder.- Computational Approaches for Uncovering Interoceptive Mechanisms in Psychiatric Disorders and Their Biological Basis.- Perceptual Dysfunction in Eating Disorders.- Emerging Theories of Allostatic Interoceptive Overload in Neurodegeneration.- The Neurophysiology of Interoceptive Disruptions in Trauma Exposed Populations.- Dissociative Symptoms and Interoceptive Integration.- Predictive Processing and the Pathophysiology of Functional Neurological Disorder.- The Future of Perceptual Dysregulation in Psychiatric Nosology.

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Book SynopsisRepresenting the pinnacle of skull base surgery, paraganglioma management requires the advanced surgical skills and expertise that are presented by Dr. Mario Sanna and his team in this comprehensive reference. It incorporates extensive surgical and radiological data compiled over 20 years at the preeminent Gruppo Otologica Clinic in Piacenza, Italy, and features the exquisite intraoperative photographs and schematic diagrams that are a hallmark of the highly regarded Sanna texts. All head and neck and skull base surgeons will find their knowledge, technical proficiency, and ability to manage these challenging tumors vastly increased by this informative resource. Special Features: Step-by-step descriptions of the full range of head and neck paraganglioma procedures, including the infratemporal fossa approach type A, the extreme lateral approach, and the transcervical approach, plus guidance on managing complex tympanojugular paragangliomas More than 1,800 clearly labeled, high-quality intraoperative photographs correlated to full-color schematic drawings for an in-depth understanding of techniques Detailed discussion of managing the internal carotid artery during procedures, including the neuroradiological use of stents Pathology-oriented structure that allows the reader to identify a lesion at a particular stage and then follow the critical thinking, assessment, pre-operative management, and intra-operative course taken by the surgeon Comprehensive sections on pathology, physiology, anatomy, epidemiology, and new genetic breakthroughs that lay the groundwork for the surgical chapters Tips, hints, and pitfalls at the end of each chapter that offer valuable insights for managing different clinical scenarios Demonstrating the complex decision-making process in many actual cases and offering practical advice for handling complications, this book puts the reader into the operating room with the surgeon. It is indispensable for all head and neck and skull base surgeons who manage paragangliomas and related pathologies, as well as for otolaryngologists, neurosurgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, radiologists, and interventional radiologists involved in assessing these intricate conditions.

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Book SynopsisOften misunderstood and misdiagnosed, normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a disease of the elderly that is on the rise as the population ages. Its similarities to Parkinson's disease, dementia and other chronic neurodegenerative conditions make diagnosis challenging, requiring clinicians to be alert to the signs and symptoms that differentiate it. Here is the first comprehensive book on the topic, written by experts who have researched and taught courses on NPH for years. From clinical characteristics and pathophysiology to signs and symptoms, radiographic findings, diagnostic tests and state-of-the-art treatment techniques, it covers everything practitioners need to know about this multi-faceted condition. Special Features: Describes the classic symptom triad of gait disturbance, urinary incontinence and dementia Covers the full sequence of the diagnostic work-up, including imaging studies, non-invasive tests, and invasive procedures such as lumbar infusion and cerebrospinal tap tests Explains the risks and benefits of surgical implantation of a ventricular-peritoneal (VP) shunt to relieve symptoms and restore function, including key criteria for evaluating "shunt responsiveness" Provides the first step-by-step account of operative shunt placement by Dr. Michael Fritsch, who has performed the procedure extensively at leading neurosurgical centers throughout the world Including troubleshooting techniques following shunt surgery, long-term management of patients, prognosis for the condition and future initiatives, this all-inclusive reference makes a major contribution to the field. It is essential for neurosurgeons, neurologists, internists, residents, and other physicians who treat diseases of the elderly in everyday practice.Table of Contents1 Introduction 2 Epidemiology of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus 3 History 4 Clinical Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis 5 Pathophysiology 6 Noninvasive Diagnostic Work-up 7 Imaging 8 Invasive Diagnostic Work-up 9 Shunt and Valve Technology 10 Shunt and Valve Settings 11 Surgical Technique 12 Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus 13 Scales and Score 14 Follow-up Management of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus 15 Complications 16 Prognosis 17 Summary and Future Perspectives

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Book SynopsisThis classic text has been used in over 20 countries by advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in biophysics, physiology, medical physics, neuroscience, and biomedical engineering. It bridges the gap between an introductory physics course and the application of physics to the life and biomedical sciences. Extensively revised and updated, the fifth edition incorporates new developments at the interface between physics and biomedicine. New coverage includes cyclotrons, photodynamic therapy, color vision, x-ray crystallography, the electron microscope, cochlear implants, deep brain stimulation, nanomedicine, and other topics highlighted in the National Research Council report BIO2010. As with the previous edition, the first half of the text is primarily biological physics, emphasizing the use of ideas from physics to understand biology and physiology, and the second half is primarily medical physics, describing the use of physics in medicine for diagnosis (mainly imaging) and therapy. Prior courses in physics and in calculus are assumed. Intermediate Physics for Medicine and Biology is also ideal for self study and as a reference for workers in medical and biological research. Over 850 problems test and enhance the student's understanding and provide additional biological examples. A solutions manual is available to instructors. Each chapter has an extensive list of references.Table of ContentsMechanics.- Exponential Growth and Decay.- Systems of Many Particles.- Transport in an Infinite Medium.- Transport Through Neutral Membranes.- Impulses in Nerve and Muscle Cells.- The Exterior Potential and the Electrocardiogram.- Biomagnetism.- Electricity and Magnetism at the Cellular Level.- Feedback and Control.- The Method of Least Squares and Signal Analysis.- Images.- Sound and Ultrasound.- Atoms and Light.- Interaction of Photons and Charged Particles with Matter.- Medical Use of X Rays.- Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Medicine.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- Appendices.- Plane and Solid Angles.- Vectors: Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration.- Properties of Exponents and Logarithms.- Taylor’s Series.- Some Integrals of Sines and Cosines.- Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients.- Mean and Standard Deviation.- Binomial Probability Distribution.- Gaussian Probability Distribution.- Poisson Distribution.- Integrals Involving exp(-ax^2).- Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinates.- Joint Probability Distributions.- Partial Derivatives.- Fundamental Constants and Conversion Factors.

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Book SynopsisThis volume gives an overview of new insights to alcohol pharmacology using DREADDs (Designer Receptors and Unraveling the Neuropharmacology of Alcohol). It examines which pharmacological principles should be applied to understanding DREADDs taking into account some very current research. Additionally, this book covers important topics under the heading of “experimental pharmacology” and alcohol.Table of ContentsPart 1. Neurotransmitter systems.- 1. GABAA receptor subtype mechanism and the abuse related effects of ethanol: Genetic and pharmacological evidence.- 2. Presynaptic Ethanol Actions: Potential Roles in Ethanol Seeking.- 3. Dynamic adaptation in neurosteroid networks in response to alcohol.- 4. GABA and Glutamate synaptic co-adaptations to chronic ethanol in the striatum.- 5. The cerebellar GABAAR system as a potential target for treating alcohol use disorder.- 6. Do alcohol-related AMPA-type glutamate receptor adaptations promote intake?.- 7. Molecular, neuronal and behavioral effects of ethanol and nicotine interactions.- 8. Cross-species alterations in synaptic dopamine regulation after chronic alcohol exposure.- 9. Central noradrenergic interactions with alcohol and regulation of alcohol related behaviors.- Part 2. Ion Channels.- 10. Voltage-sensitive calcium channels in the brain: Relevance to alcohol intoxication and withdrawal.- 11. Voltage-sensitive potassium channels of the BK type and their coding genes are alcohol targets in neurons.- 12. Chronic alcohol, intrinsic excitability, and potassium channels: Neuroadaptations and drinking behavior.- Part 3. Neuroimmune system.- 13. Hepatic immune system adaptations to alcohol.- 14. Innate immune signaling and alcohol use disorders.- 15. Cytokins in the CNS.- Part 4. Neuropeptides and Genomics.- 16. Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) Neurocircuitry and neuropharmacology in alcohol drinking.- 17. Contribution of dynorphin and orexin neuropeptide systems to the motivational effects of alcohol.- 18. Transcriptional regulators as targets for alcohol pharmacotherapies.- Part 5. Pharmacotherapy.- 19. Advances in Pharmacotherapy Development From Preclinical Animal Studies.- 20. Advances in Pharmacotherapy Development: Human Clinical Studies.

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Book SynopsisThe Springer Handbook of Bio-/Neuro-Informatics is the first published book in one volume that explains together the basics and the state-of-the-art of two major science disciplines in their interaction and mutual relationship, namely: information sciences, bioinformatics and neuroinformatics. Bioinformatics is the area of science which is concerned with the information processes in biology and the development and applications of methods, tools and systems for storing and processing of biological information thus facilitating new knowledge discovery. Neuroinformatics is the area of science which is concerned with the information processes in biology and the development and applications of methods, tools and systems for storing and processing of biological information thus facilitating new knowledge discovery. The text contains 62 chapters organized in 12 parts, 6 of them covering topics from information science and bioinformatics, and 6 cover topics from information science and neuroinformatics. Each chapter consists of three main sections: introduction to the subject area, presentation of methods and advanced and future developments. The Springer Handbook of Bio-/Neuroinformatics can be used as both a textbook and as a reference for postgraduate study and advanced research in these areas. The target audience includes students, scientists, and practitioners from the areas of information, biological and neurosciences.With Forewords by Shun-ichi Amari of the Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama and Karlheinz Meier of the University of Heidelberg, Kirchhoff-Institute of Physics and Co-Director of the Human Brain Project.Trade ReviewFrom the book reviews:“This handbook is structured in 12 parts, covering a wide variety of notions associated with bio- and neuroinformatics … . The handbook is a valuable and timely resource, which can be used by undergraduates, postgraduates and established researchers. By presenting together a variety of (linked) approaches, it provides a fantastic source for bioinformaticians and neuroinformaticians alike.” (Irina Ioana Mohorianu, zbMATH, Vol. 1304, 2015)“This is the very best of the encyclopedias and comprehensive book’s about both Medical, Molecular, Genetic, and Neural Informatics currently available. … this is a good textbook for graduate students as a Primer on Neurophysiology and Molecular Medicine. Professionals in these areas will find this book very useful in their daily work … . book is very well referenced at the end of each chapter discussion. … I am pleased to recommend this book to new researchers in the field.” (Joseph J. Grenier, Amazon.com, November, 2014)Table of ContentsChap. 1 Understanding Nature - Symbiosis of Information Science, Bioinformatics and NeuroinformaticsPart A Understanding Information Processes in Biological Systems (Ed. Heike Sichtig)Chap. 2 Information Processing at the Cellular Level.- Chap. 3 Integrated Approaches for Understadning the Cell.- Chap. 4 Information Processing at the Genomics Level.- Chap. 5 Understanding Information Processes at the Proteomics Level.- Chap. 6 Pattern Formation and Animal Morphogenesis.- Chap. 7 Understanding Evolving Bacteria ColoniesPart B Molecular Biology, Genome and Proteome Informatics (Ed.: Chris Brown)Chap. 8 Exploring Interactions and Structural Organization of Genomes.- Chap. 9 Detecting microRNA Signatures Using Gene Expression Analysis.- Chap. 10 Bioinformatics Methods to Discover Cis-Regulatory Elements.- Chap. 11 Protein Modeling and Structural PredictionPart C Machine-Learning Methods (Eds: Irwin King, Kaizhu Huang, Heike Sichtig)Chap. 12 Machine Learning Methodology in Bioinformatics.- Chap. 13 Case-Based Reasoning for Biomedical Informatics and Medicine.- Chap. 14 Analysis of Multiple DNA Microarray Datasets.- Chap. 15 Fuzzy Logic and Rule-Based Methods in Bioinformatics.- Chap. 16 Phylogenetic Cladograms: Understanding and Learning from Biomedical Data.- Chap. 17 Understanding Protein Folding Modeling.- Chap. 18 Kernel Methods and Applications in BioinformaticsPart D Modeling Regulatory Networks: The Systems Biology Approach (Eds: Chris Brown, Heike Sichtig, Irwin King, Kaizhu Huang, Francesco Masulli)Chap. 19 Path Finding in Biological Networks.- Chap. 20 Inferring Transcription Networks from Data.- Chap. 21 Analysis of Transcriptional Regulation.- Chap. 22 Inferring Genetic Networks.- Chap. 23 Structural Pattern Discovery.- Chap. 24 Molecular Networks - Representation and Analysis.- Chap. 25 Whole-Exome Sequencing DataPart E Bioinformatics Databases and Ontologies (Ed.: Francesco Masulli)Chap. 26 Bioinformatics Databases.- Chap. 27 Ontologies for BioinformaticsPart F Bioinformatics in Medicine, Health and Ecology (Eds: Francesco Masulli, Danilo Mandic)Chap. 28 Statistical Signal Processing Models And Methods.- Chap. 29 Epigenetics.- Chap. 30 Control of Autoimmune Diseases.- Chap. 311 Nutrigenomics.- Chap. 32 Bioinformatics and Nanotechnologies: Nanomedicine.- Chap. 33 Information Modeling Technologies for Personalized Medicine.- Chap. 34 Health Informatics.- Chap. 35 Ecological Informatics Part G Understanding Information Processes in the Brain and the Nervous System (Ed.: Heike Sichtig)Chap. 36 Information Processing in Synapses.- Chap. 37 Spiking Neural Networks.- Chap. 38 Statistical Methods for fMRI Activation Detection.- Chap. 39 Neural Circuit Models and Neuropathological Oscillations.- Chap. 40 Understanding the Brain via fMRI ClassificationPart H Advanced Signal-Processing Methods for Brain Signal Analysis and Modeling (Ed.: Danilo Mandic)Chap. 41 Nonlinear Adaptive Filtering in Kernel Spaces.- Chap. 42 Analysis of Multiple Spike Trains.- Chap. 43 Adaptive Multiscale Time-Frequency AnalysisPart I Information Modeling of Perception, Sensation and Cognition (Eds: Lubica Benuskova, Heike Sichtig)Chap. 44 Modeling Vision with the Neocognitron.- Chap. 45 Information Processing in the Gustatory System.- Chap. 46 EEG Signal Processing for Brain Computer Interfaces.- Chap. 47 Spiking Neural Networks.- Chap. 48 Neurocomputational Models of Natural LanguagePart J Neuroinformatics Databases and Ontologies (Eds: Shiro Usui, Raphael Ritz)Chap. 49 Ontologies and Machine Learning Systems .- Chap. 50 Integration of Large-Scale NeuroinformaticsPart K Information Modeling for Brain Diseases (Eds: Lubica Benuskova, Francesco Masulli)Chap. 51 Alzheimer’s Disease.- Chap. 52 Integrating Data for Modeling Biological Complexity.- Chap. 53 A Machine Learning Pipeline .- Chap. 54 Modeling Gene-Dependent Dynamics of Cortex and Epilepsy.- Chap. 55 Information Methods for Predicting Stroke.- Chap. 56 Recognition of Rehabilitation ActionsPart L Nature Inspired Integrated Information Technologies(Eds: Lubica Benuskova, Danilo Mandic)Chap. 57 Brain-Like Robotics.- Chap. 58 Developmental Learning for User Activities.- Chap. 59 Quantum and Biocomputing - Common Notions and Targets.- Chap. 60 Brain-, Gene-, and Quantum-Inspired Computational Intelligence.- Chap. 61 The Brain and Creativity.- Chap. 62 The Allen Brain AtlasAcknowledgements.- About the Authors.- Subject Index

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Book SynopsisThis book represents one of the cornerstones of the series Studies in Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavioral Economics. It is divided into eight sections, starting with an introduction to neuroeconomics followed by an overview of frequently applied experimental paradigms (games) in neuroeconomics research. Furthermore, it addresses the molecular basis of human decision making, environmental/situational factors and social contexts influencing human decision making, as well as translational and developmental/clinical approaches to neuroeconomics. In closing, a paper on neuro-marketing demonstrates how knowledge from neuroeconomics research can be applied in “real life.” Culminating in an extensive methods section, in which eight different neuroscience techniques are introduced, the book offers an essential resource for researchers and practitioners, and may also be beneficial for graduate students.Table of ContentsIntroduction into the Field of Neuroeconomics.- Historical Aspects of Neuroeconomics.- Game Theory and Human Decision Making.- Paradigms in Neuroeconomics.- Human Decision Making and the Brain: Structure and Functionality of the Central Nervous System.- Methods in Neuroeconomics.- Hormones.- Genetics.- Empirical Findings in Neuroeconomics – State of the Art.- Loss Aversion.- Trust.- Risk.- Impulsivity.- Dictator game.- Ultimatum Game.- Third Party Punishment.- Decision Making under Ambiguity.- Altruism.- Pathological Decision Making.

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Book SynopsisThe inaugural publication of the 7.0 Tesla MRI Brain Atlas: In Vivo Atlas with Cryomacrotome Correlation in 2010 provided readers with a spectacular source of ultra-high resolution images revealing a wealth of details of the brainstem and midbrain structures. This second edition contributes additional knowledge gained as a result of technologic advances and recent research. To facilitate identification and comparison of brain structures and anatomy, a detailed coordination matrix is featured in each image. Updated axial, sagittal, and coronal images are also included. This state-of-the-art and user-friendly reference will provide researchers and clinicians with important new perspectives.Table of ContentsForeword.- Preface.- Preface of the 2nd Edition.- Introduction.- 1. Reference of Brain Image Setting.- 2. Orientation of Brain Images.- I. Orientation of the image sections and planes.- II. Standard of the sectional brain image planes and sizes.- III. Adjustment of MRI brain to the reference brain.- IV. Terminology & Labeling.- V. Data collection system for clinicopathologic brain mapping.- VI. Figures (Figs. 1, 2, 3).- 3. Sources of Brain Images.- I. In vivo Images using 7.0T MRI.- II. Cadaver Images by Cryomacrotome.- III. Image reconstruction and volume rendering.- 4. 3D Images by Volume Rendering.- I. Coronal, Sagittal and Axial Cuts- Cadaver (Fig. 4).- II. Coronal, Sagittal and Axial Cuts- MRI (Fig. 5).- III. Sulcus and Gyrus- MRI (Fig. 6).- IV.Brodmann areas-MRI (Fig. 7).- Acknowledgements.- Chapter I. Coronal Images of Cadaver & Human Brain of 7.0T MRI In Vivo.- Chapter II. Sagittal Images of Cadaver & Human Brain of 7.0T MRI In Vivo.- Chapter III. Axial Images of Cadaver & Human Brain of 7.0T MRI In Vivo.- References.- Abbreviations.- Index.

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Book Synopsis​Kognitive Kommunikation dient Menschen und Maschinen zum Wissenserwerb. Der Zuwachs an Wissen besteht dabei in der gewonnenen Information der empfangenen Signale. Maschinensprachen und von Menschen gesprochene natürliche Sprachen unterscheiden sich darin, dass die Signale von Maschinensprachen scharf definierte Bedeutungen haben, während die Bedeutungen von Signalen der natürlichen Sprachen in hohem Maß unscharf sind. Werner Rupprecht legt dar, wie unscharfe Bedeutungen in den Hirnen von Menschen entstehen, und dass paradoxerweise wegen dieser Unschärfen Menschen fähig sind, Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen, die Maschinen nicht gelingen. Er erläutert im Detail Zusammenhänge zwischen informationstheoretischer Entropie, thermodynamischer Entropie und Energie, beschreibt die Sinnesorgane von Menschen, die Verarbeitung von Signalen in neuronalen Netzen und Maschinen, die Entwicklung von Medien, insbesondere des Internets, und diskutiert die Rolle eines immateriellen Geistes.Trade Review“… stellt Insgesamt eine interessante Verknüpfung psychologischer bzw. Biologischer Erklärungsansätze mit den Ingenieurwissenschaften dar. … eine interessante und aufschlussreiche Kombination aus verschiedenen Disziplinen darstellt.” (Sandra Fuchs, in: Psychologie FoxBlog, sanfuchs1979.wordpress.com, 20. Juli 2016)“... wendet sich in erster Linie an Fachleute der Nachrichtentechnik und Informationstechnik. Aber auch nicht aus dem Fachgebiet kommende Wissenschaftler und Praktiker kõnnen wichtige Erkenntnisse aus dem Buch gewinnen. ... ist für jeden Fachmann ein großer Gewinn.” (Hans Kah/en, in: Elektronik, Heft 18, 2015)Table of Contents​Hintergründe und Konzeption vorliegender Abhandlung.- Bezüge, Wirkungen und Arten von Kommunikation.- Information: Ereignis, Wahrscheinlichkeit, Entropie und Sinngehalt.- Zusammenhänge von Energie, Entropie und Informationshöhe.- Transport von Nachrichten und Information.- Über Wahrnehmung, Artikulation und deren Beziehungen zueinander.- Über die Entstehung von Bedeutungen und Sprache.- Epilog.

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Book SynopsisImre Koncsik beschreibt die Theorie des Geistes als naturphilosophische Theorie auf Basis der Physik. Er identifiziert signifikante Parallelen zwischen Geist und Gehirn, die beide durch Elemente der Quantentheorie und der komplexen Systemtheorie beschrieben werden können. Beide Theorien beziehen sich auf eine immaterielle, formale und imaginäre Schicht der Realität. Sie ermöglichen eine innovative Beschreibung der morphologischen Strukturen und dynamischen Aktivitätsmuster des Gehirns in Analogie zu Mustern des Geistes. Eine Theorie des Geistes bildet hinsichtlich ihrer technologischen Applikation den Grundstein einer neuen, im eigentlichen Sinn „intelligenten“ Technologie: der quantenbasierten Systemtechnologie.Table of ContentsWas Sie in diesem Essential finden können.- Der sog. Geist.- Physik: Anorganische Quantenstrukturen.- Mikroskopische Quantenstrukturen: Quantum Life.- Mesoskopische Quantenstrukturen: das System Geist-Gehirn.- Ausblick: quantenbasierte System-Technologie.- Was Sie aus diesem Essential mitnehmen können.

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Book SynopsisDie Autoren geben als aktiv Beteiligte erstmalig aus ihrem persönlichen Erleben einen Einblick auf die ersten zwei Jahrzehnte der Synergetik-Geschichte. Hermann Haken führt in die Begrifflichkeit der Synergetik ein und verdeutlicht die Schwierigkeiten, eine neues Denken in der Wissenschaft zu etablieren. Peter Plath geht exemplarisch auf die Vorgeschichte der Synergetik ein und zeigt an einem Fallbeispiel aus der Chemie, wie die Idee der Synergetik zum Leitmotiv einer Forschungsgruppe wurde. Werner Ebeling und Yuri Romanovsky beschreiben die intensive Kooperation der Wissenschaftler aus Ost und West bei der Herausbildung neuer Ideen zur Synergetik. Table of ContentsTeil I: Entwicklungslinien der Synergetik.- Teil II: Zurückliegende Entwicklungen: Makroskopische Musterbildung in der Chemie noch vor der Synergetik.- Teil III: Entwicklung der Synergetik und Theorie der Selbstorganisation in Osteuropa und der DDR 1971–1990.- Teil IV: Konferenzen, Tagungen und Seminare zur Synergetik und Theorie der Selbstorganisation in Osteuropa und in der DDR.- Teil V: Entstehung der Chemischen Synergetik in Bremen – ein Fallbeispiel.- Teil VI: Winterseminare auf dem Zeinisjoch – Diskussionen zur Synergetik.- Über die Autoren.

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Book SynopsisDer perfekte Einstieg in die Neurowissenschaften – ideal zum Verstehen und LernenSeit vielen Jahren zählt diese didaktisch durchdachte, verständlich geschriebene und hervorragend illustrierte Einführung international zu den führenden Lehrbüchern im Bereich der Neurowissenschaften. Das moderne Grundlagenwerk richtet sich an Studierende der Biologie, der Medizin und der Psychologie gleichermaßen. Die wieder von Andreas Engel herausgegebene deutsche Ausgabe ist an die hiesige Studiensituation angepasst und stellenweise erweitert. Der Bogen spannt sich von der Anatomie des Gehirns bis zur Sinnesphysiologie, von der Entwicklungsbiologie bis zum Verhalten, von den Störungen des Nervensystems bis zur Kognitionswissenschaft, von den molekularen Mechanismen bis zu den neuen bildgebenden Verfahren. Ein eigenständiger „Bildatlas der menschlichen Neuroanatomie“ erlaubt dem Lernenden, seine Kenntnisse der Hirnstrukturen zu überprüfen und zu erweitern. Jedes Kapitel endet mit Verständnisfragen und Übungsaufgaben sowie einer Zusammenstellung wichtiger weiterführender Literatur. In spannenden Exkursen berichten renommierte Wissenschaftler, wie sie zu ihren entscheidenden Entdeckungen kamen. So führt das Buch den Leser von den Grundlagen zu den aktuellen Forschungsthemen des Faches.In der durchgehend aktualisierten 4. Auflage sind unter anderem neue Forschungsergebnisse zu Optogenetik, Konnektomik, tiefer Hirnstimulation, molekularer Medizin und Neuroökonomie eingearbeitet worden. Zahlreiche neue oder aktualisierte Abbildungen veranschaulichen in bewährter Manier die im Text beschriebenen Prozesse, Strukturen und Methoden. Wer Neurowissenschaften in ihrer ganzen Bandbreite verstehen will, ist mit "dem Bear" bestens bedient. Den drei Verfassern des Buches gelingt, womit Lehrbuchautoren im deutschsprachigen Raum sich nach wie vor schwer tun: anschaulich und spannend den Leser vom Einstieg in die Grundlagen bis an die vorderste Front der Forschung mitzunehmen und ohne überflüssigen Ballast wissenschaftliche Erkenntnis mehr erzählend als erklärend zu vermitteln … Ein didaktisches Meisterwerk ist nun topaktuell auch in deutscher Sprache neu aufgelegt verfügbar. Aus dem Vorwort von Prof. Andreas K. Engel, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-EppendorfTrade Review“... einen soliden Überblick über Grundlagen, Anatomie, Funktion und Krankheiten unseres Zentralen und Peripheren Nervensystems. Der Schreibstil ist klar und präzise und Kontrollfragen am Kapitelende erleichtern die Lernkontrolle. ... Selbstverständlich sind diese Kritikpunkte marginal angesichts eines im Grossen und Ganzen durchaus gelungenen Lehrbuches.” (Thomas Floss, in: BIOspektrum, Jg. 25, Heft 1, Februar 2019)Table of ContentsI Grundlagen.- Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft der Neurowissenschaft.- Neuronen und Gliazellen.- Die neuronale Membran im Ruhezustand.- Das Aktionspotenzial.- Die synaptische Übertragung.- Neurotransmittersysteme.- Die Struktur des Nervensystems.- Anhang: Bildatlas der menschlichen Neuroanatomie.- II Sensorische und motorische Systeme.- Die chemischen Sinne.- Das Auge.- Das zentrale visuelle System.- Das auditorische und das vestibuläre System.- Das somatosensorische System.- Spinale Kontrolle der Motorik.- Bewegungskontrolle durch das Gehirn.- III Gehirn und Verhalten.- Neurovegetative und modulatorische Systeme.- Motivation.- Männliches und weibliches Gehirn.- Neuronale Mechanismen der Emotion.- Gehirnrhythmen und Schlaf.- Sprache.- Aufmerksamkeit.- Psychische Erkrankungen.- IV Das adaptive Gehirn.- Die Entstehung neuronaler Schaltkreise.- Gedächtnissysteme.- Molekulare Mechanismen von Lernen und Gedächtnis.- Glossar.

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Book SynopsisDieses Sachbuch gibt verständlich, fesselnd und lebendig Einblick in die Besonderheiten der frühkindlichen Entwicklung und die Folgen von Störungen und Fehlentwicklungen des Gehirns während unterschiedlicher Phasen: vor, während und nach der Geburt. Der schwedische Kinderarzt Hugo Lagercrantz liefert populärwissenschaftliche Erläuterungen zur frühkindlichen Hirnentwicklung und kombiniert sie mit klinischen Aspekten. Er zeigt, wie sich das kindliche Gehirn im Neugeborenen– und Säuglingsalter entwickelt und erklärt daraus die Entstehung bestimmter Erkrankungen. Lagercrantz beschreibt spannende neue Erkenntnisse über Schmerzen und Stress beim Ungeborenen und klärt über das Bewusstsein des Neugeborenen auf. Für alle, die sich professionell oder aus privatem Interesse mit dem kindlichen Hirn beschäftigen wollen.Trade Review Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisDas Lehrbuch schlägt eine Brücke zwischen den „Neurowissenschaften“ (theoretische und experimentelle Neurobiologie, Neurologie) und den „Psychowissenschaften“ (Psychologie, Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie) und will dabei helfen, den jeweils anderen Disziplinen die wichtigsten und wissenschaftlich gesicherten Kenntnisse in verständlicher Form zu liefern. Die Frage, wie sich psychisches Erleben und Gehirnvorgänge zueinander verhalten, galt lange als rätselhaft. In diesem Buch erfahren Sie aufgrund neuester wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse, dass beide Bereiche eine unauflösliche Einheit bilden, auch wenn wir sie unterschiedlich erfahren und untersuchen. Diese Einheit stellen wir in der psychologisch-neurobiologischen Theorie und der psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Praxis konkret dar. Wir behandeln die Prinzipien der neurobiologischen Erregungs- und Informationsverarbeitung, Aufbau und Funktion des limbischen Systems, die Entwicklung der Persönlichkeit und der dabei stattfindenden günstig oder ungünstig verlaufenden Interaktion genetisch-epigenetischer Faktoren und vorgeburtlich sowie nachgeburtlich stattfindender Umwelteinflüssen. Auf dieser Grundlage erfolgt die beispielhafte Darstellung wichtiger psychischer Störungen wie Suchterkrankungen, schizophrene Störungen, affektive Störungen sowie Angststörungen. In der Nachfolge des bedeutenden Psychotherapeuten Klaus Grawe wird schließlich in das, Konzept der „Neuropsychotherapie“ eingeführt und gezeigt, warum Psychotherapie und Neurobiologie zusammengehören, und sich gegenseitig bereichern können. Unser psychoneurowissenschaftlicher Ansatz zeichnet ein Menschenbild, das nicht auf Gegensätzen, sondern einer Integration von Psyche, Gehirn, Verhalten und Erleben beruht.Table of Contents1 Die Suche nach der Natur der Seele.- 2 Die funktionelle Neuroanatomie des limbischen Systems.- 3 Neuro- und Psychopharmakologie.- 4 Neurophysiologie.- 5 Entwicklungsneurobiologie.- 6 Emotion, Motivation, Persönlichkeit und ihre neurobiologischen Grundlagen.- 7 Neurobiologische Folgen früher Stresserfahrungen.- 8 Psychologische und neurobiologische Grundlagen des Bewusstseins.- 9 Natur, Diagnose und Klassifikation psychischer Erkrankungen.- 10 Psyche und psychische Erkrankung - Sucht.- 11 Psychotische Erkrankungen ("Schizophrenie").- 12 Affektive Störungen am Beispiel der unipolaren Depression.- 13 Angststörungen.- 14 Neuropsychotherapie - Psychotherapieverfahren und ihre Wirkung.- 15 Psychoneurowissenschaften und ihre Bedeutung für die Praxis.

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Book SynopsisThis informative book discusses the latest research on the risk factors and therapeutics in dementia. WHO calls dementia a public health priority. Dementia manifests as a group of symptoms associated with decline in memory or other thinking skills and is severe enough to reduce a person's ability to perform everyday activities. It occurs frequently among elderly people, but it is not necessarily part of the normal aging process. The book has been divided into two broad sections. The first section reviews the risk factors involved in developing dementia, including various medical conditions, lifestyle choices, as well as genetics. The latter section describes various therapeutic interventions in dementia. Although there is no known cure for dementia, this book underlines the current treatment strategies that could momentarily reduce the symptoms and improve the quality of life of the patients. This book highlights the global effort to find better ways to halt the progression of dementia and develop novel therapeutic strategies. The book would be an interesting read for advanced graduate students and researchers working in the field of neuroscience, genetics, and medicine. It will generate good interest to neurologists, psychiatrists, geriatricians, cardiologists, internal medicine practitioners, epidemiologist, and public health workers.Table of ContentsRisk Factors § Apolipoprotein E (APOE) § Histone modifications, demethylation, and microRNA regulation § Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) § Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) § Bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) § Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) § Leptin signaling § Insulin signaling § Autophagic dysfunction § Ubiquitin-proteasome system dysfunction § Circadian dysfunction § Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress § Depression § Normal pressure hydrocephalus § Antiphospholipid antibodies § Sex hormones § Changes in blood factors § Infection-induced systemic inflammation § Microbiota § Abdominal visceral fat § Atypical microvascular morphology § Plasma exosomes spread § Changes in visual cortex § Obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension § Environmental pollutions Therapeutic Interventions § NMDA receptor antagonists § Calcium channel blockers § Catecholamine § Statins § Immunotherapy § Quitting smoking § Physical activity § Diet and nutrition § Natural products as promising drug candidates § Nanotechnological applications § Electroacupuncture § Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation § Transcranial direct current stimulation § Reminiscence therapy § Reality orientation therapy § Bright-light therapy § Snoezelen multi-sensory stimulation § Behavioral therapy § Brain-computer interface applications § Music therapy § Hypoxic-hyperoxic training § Cognitive rehabilitation § Cognitive creativity § Stem cell research

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Book SynopsisDr. Mohammed Salama is Atlantic senior fellow for Equity in brain health at the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI) and Associate professor at the Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology at the American University in Cairo (AUC). He established the first Translational Neuroscience Unit in Egypt. Mohamed’s collaborative research led to establishing the Egyptian Network for Neurodegenerative Disorders Mohamed was selected as a SOT Global Senior Scholar in 2013 and Translational/bridging awardee in 2016. He was awarded by Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders Foundation (PMDF) for his continued research in neurodegeneration. Recently, Mohamed and his colleagues succeeded in drafting the first Reference Egyptian Genome and collaborating with other colleagues to start a national cohort (A Longitudinal Study of Egyptian Health Aging [AL-SEHA]). ​Table of ContentsChapter 1. Nutrigenomics; a broader concept.- Chapter 2. Gene-environment interaction.- Chapter 3. Gene-gut-brain - axis (gene–based personalized medicine).- Chapter 4. Nutrigenomics of aging.- Chapter 5. Nutrigenomics and Mental health.- Chapter 6. Nutrigenomics and neurodevelopmental disorders.- Chapter 7. Nutrigenomics and Alzheimer’s disease.- Chapter 8. Nutrigenomics and Parkinson’s Disease.- Chapter 9. Nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics and big data.- Chapter 10. Nutrigenomics and Development.- Chapter 11. Early Child malnutrition and neurodevelopment.- Chapter 12. The emerging role of vit D deficiency and Parkinson’s Disease risk.- Chapter 13. Nutrigenomics and autophagy crosstalk.- Chapter 14. Nanoparticles in food additives and brain health.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the reader with a thorough understanding of schizophrenia as a complex brain disorder by explaining the various aspects investigated for its cognizance from epigenetics to chemistry and physics to computational approaches. The book covers the key notions of schizophrenia from a variety of facets such as neurogenetics, neurochemistry, neuropharmacology, neurobiology, psychotherapy, psychiatric treatment, cognitive studies, behavioral and societal studies, and computational neurosciences. Individual chapters are focused on crucial topics such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, brain functioning, computational neuroscience, neuro-imaging, and many more. This book explains each section and chapter with utmost clarity to maintain comprehensiveness for every kind of reader. This book covers various classical as well as recent topics from basic to advance level knowledge regarding schizophrenia. The book's contributions regarding its inclusivity of topics, comprehensiveness of language, diversity in knowledge, and focus on the subject will attract all kinds of readers. It can be considered a single comprehensive handy reference book for beginners, including medical students, neuroscientists, researchers, clinicians, and medical practitioners. Cognizance of Schizophrenia will be an invaluable asset for all who are involved in neuroscience research or clinical studies.Table of Contents Understanding schizophrenia: introductory aspect of the mental disorder from various perspectives Genetic mutations and Alternative splicing in schizophrenia Understanding the Chemical Interactions in the Brain of Schizophrenia Patients A diagnostic perspective of schizophrenia: from past to present Is it schizophrenia or not? - Different Biological characterization A neurobiological aspect of schizophrenia and the relationship between neurological disorders: depression, anxiety, epilepsy Clinical treatment available for schizophrenia Insights into the neuro-pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia: past, present, and future Managing Schizophrenia – A Challenge for Physicians Pharmacotherapy and Emerging Treatment Strategies for Schizophrenia Alternative Therapies used in Schizophrenia Different phases of schizophrenia patients: from the psychological perspective Stigmatizing Attitudes Towards Patients with Schizophrenia Among Medical Professionals and General Population Rehabilitation of Schizophrenia-Practical Interventions Consumption of Cannabis: A risk factor or a therapeutic agent for patients with Schizophrenia Medical Imaging and Schizophrenia: A Study on State-of-art Applications Schizophrenia and its Effect on Marital Satisfaction The mortality rate in schizophrenia

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Book SynopsisChapter 1. Practical Applications and Future Directions.- Chapter 2. Designing Nutritional Interventions for Mental Health.- Chapter 3. Nutrition and Neuroinflammation.- Chapter 4. The Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Cognitive Function and Mental Health.- Chapter 5. The Impact of Plant-Based Diets on Mental Health (Vegetarian diet).- Chapter 6. New Developments in Nutritional Neuroscience in the Age of Digitalization.- Chapter 7. The Role of Diet in Neuroplasticity and Brain Resilience.- Chapter 8. Phytomedicine Interventions in Mental Health: Mechanisms and Implications.- Chapter 9. Nutrition and Dementia: Impact and Interventions.- Chapter 10. Dietary Influences on Headache: Mechanistic approach.- Chapter 11. Management of Headaches through Dietary Regimens.- Chapter 12. The Dual Role of Diet: Reducing Pain and Boosting Mental Health.- Chapter 13. Nanotechnology in Nutrition: Exploring Its Impact on Diet and Mental Health.- Chapter 14. Interactions Between Common Foods and Prescription Medications.- Chapter 15. Dietary Patterns and Mental Health.

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Book SynopsisPart I Approach to a Neuromuscular Case.- 1. Neuromuscular disorders: A clinical approach.- Part II Basic principles.- 2. Electrophysiology.- 3. Histopathology.- 4. Genetics.- 5. Immunotherapy.- ???????6. Rehabilitation.- Part III Motor weakness: Asymmetric: UMN and LMN signs and fasciculation.- ???????7. Motor Neuron Diseases (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis).- Part IV Motor weakness: Asymmetric: LMN only.- 8. Polio / Post-polio syndrome.- 9. Hirayama disease and Other Focal Amyotrophies.- 10. Progressive muscular atrophy (PMA).- 11. Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN).- 12. Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN).- 13. Fascio-scapular muscular dystrophy (FSHD).- Part V Motor weakness: Symmetric: Proximal.- 14. Spinal Muscular atrophy (SMA).- 15. Porphyria.- 16. Congenital Myasthenic syndromes (CMS).- 17. Dystrophinopathies: Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophies.- 18. Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies (LGMD).- 19. Emery Dreifuss Muscular dystrophy (EDMD).- 20. Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD).- 21. Congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD).- 22. Congenital myopathies.- 23. Inflammatory myopathies.- Part VI Motor weakness: Symmetric: Distal.- 24. Distal Hereditary Motor Neuropathy (dHMN).- 25. Distal myopathies.- 26. Myotonic dystrophies.- 27. Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome (BVVL).- Part VII Motor weakness: Fluctuating weakness.- 28. Myasthenia Gravis (MG).- 29. Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) and myasthenia gravis Lambert-Eaton overlap syndrome (MLOS).- 30. Periodic paralysis.- Part VIII Motor weakness: Exercise intolerance.- 31. Metabolic myopathies.- Part IX Motor weakness: Muscle stiffness, cramps, spasms, rigidity, or contracture.- 32. Peripheral nerve hyperexcitability disorder: Neuromyotonia and Satoyoshi syndrome.- 33. Stiff person syndrome.- 34. Non dystrophic myotonias.- Part X Sensory motor weakness: asymmetric.- 35. Individual Mononeuropathies.- 36. Mononeuritis multiplex: Vasculitis (systemic, non-systemic) Neuropathies.- 37. Mononeuritis multiplex: Multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy (MADSAM).- 38. Mononeuritis multiplex: Hansen disease (leprosy).- 39. Chronic immune polyradiculopathy -Sensory (CISP), Motor (CIMP), Sensory-motor (CISMP).- 40. Compressive Radiculopathies.- 41. Brachial plexopathy.- 42. Lumbosacral plexopathy.- 43. Hereditary neuropathy with pressure palsy (HNPP).- Part XI Sensory motor weakness: Symmetric.- 44. Hereditary motor sensory neuropathies (HMSN)/ Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT).- 45. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).- 46. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP).- 47. X-linked form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT X).- 48. Other Hereditary neuropathies 1.- 49. Other Hereditary neuropathies 2.- 50.Neuropathy secondary to systemic diseases.- Part XII Sensory.- 51. Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS).- 52. Distal acquired demyelinating symmetric (DADS) neuropathy.- 53. Paraproteinemic neuropathy.- 54.Sensory ganglionopathies.

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Book SynopsisThis book is the first volume of the bioacoustics series published by the Society for Bioacoustics. This volume provides an overview of the advances and recent topics in acoustic communication in various animals. Most animals produce vibrations and sounds by moving their body parts, including vocal organs. These sounds can be research targets of bioacoustics studies. How animals use these sounds, especially in inter-individual relationships, is the focus of this volume, “Acoustic Communication in Animals”. The authors’ expertise varies from molecular biology, neurobiology to psychology, and human brain imaging. Their research subjects range from invertebrates to humans. Despite the variety of topics, chapters are developed under the consideration of ethology and evolution. Readers will recognize the profundity of the topics in each chapter. In addition, the view and understanding of natural sound sequences produced by animals can vary among different cultures. Research from Japan and regions that have been underrepresented in previous literature can offer new ideas and unique perspectives in the study of bioacoustics. Readers can grasp the progress of this research field in a broad range of species in one book. The book presents multi- and interdisciplinary topics and appeals to researchers and students in fields including psychology, physiology, zoology, ethology, and neurosciences.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Using knowledge about human vocal behaviour to understand acoustic communication in animals and the evolution of language and musicChapter 2. Acoustic communication in fruit flies and mosquitoesChapter 3. Multiple functions of ultrasonic courtship song in mothsChapter 4. Recent progress in studies on acoustic communication of cricketsChapter 5. Vocal imitation, a specialized brain function that facilitates cultural transmission in songbirdsChapter 6. Dancing in singing songbirds: Choreography in Java sparrowsChapter 7. Vocal communication in corvids: who emits, what information and benefits?Chapter 8. Affiliation, synchronization, and rhythm production by birdsChapter 9. Cockatiels: a research subject for studying capability for music productionChapter 10. Acoustic properties and biological significance of ultrasonic vocalizations in rodents: emotional expressionsChapter 11. Effects of acoustic interference on the echolocation behavior of batsChapter 12. Diverse sound use and sensitivity in auditory communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)Chapter 13. The Interplay among the linguistic environment, language perception, and production in children’s language-specific developmentChapter 14. Sound processing in the auditory periphery: toward speech communication and music comprehension

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Book SynopsisThe volume presents research works on developing Artificial Intelligence based algorithms and methodologies for making social good that too to a notable one. The book discusses latest findings on efficient technological solutions of e-governance and other areas of life from the leading researchers in the field. The prime focus is on solving socio-economic technical problems using state-of-the-art research findings like fuzzy computing, evolutionary and hybrid frameworks, neuro computing, etc., along with other AI based computation platforms. The topics covered include solution frameworks using Artificial Intelligence based models in application areas like agriculture and rural development, road accident, travel and tourism, solid waste management, rural medical care, crowd sourced election monitoring system, ragging, rape and other abuses, cyber criminals and cyber bullying, disaster management, social good, etc. The book offers a valuable resource for all undergraduate, postgraduate students and researchers interested in exploring solution frameworks for social good problems using artificial intelligence.Table of ContentsArtificial Intelligence for Rural Healthcare Management: Prognosis, Diagnosis and Treatment.- A Study using Support Vector Machine as a Tool for Patient’s Satisfaction for SARS-CoV-2 Cases Using Telemedicine.- Applications of AI and IoT technology in Protected Cultivation for Enhancing Agricultural Productivity: A Concise Review.- IoT Based Smart Farming Using AI.- Random Forest Algorithm for Plant Disease Prediction.

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Book SynopsisEpigenetics crosslink with Nutrition and brain function.- The contribution of the gut-brain-microbiota axis to brain health throughout the lifespan.- Three Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Single Hope.- Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and the brain: how lipid accumulation and inflammation potentiate neurological manifestation.- Neuroinflammation & Microglial Activation in Schizophrenia: an overview.- The Gut Microbiota-Immune-Brain Axis and Brain Glioma: A Well-Established Connection and A Potential Strategy for Precision Oncology.- Molecular Changes and Gut-related Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease for Early Detection.- Invitro systems for modeling neurodegeneration.- Advances in nanotechnology for drug delivery modulation in neurodegenerative diseases.- An understanding of different mechanisms leading to neurodegenerative diseases.- Pathways in AD.- Blood brain barrier in neurodegenerative disorders.- Defective mitophagy and the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.- The Gut-Microbiota

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive review of the latest advances in translational pain and itch research, and presents the cutting-edge developments in the study of our two principal, yet most mysteries sensations. Despite the slow progress in the discovery of effective therapies for chronic pain and pruritus, scientists around the globe now have a better understanding of why and how these conditions occur. Based on these findings, a series of novel treatment strategies are currently under development, and hopefully in a few years, medical practitioners will become more confident and optimistic when facing patients with these annoying and sometimes severe disorders. The contributing authors are world-renowned research scientists, who have made significant discoveries. The book is of interest to neuroscientists, neurologists and pharmacologists in both clinical and basic medical research field. In this second edition of the book, five existing chapters have been updated. Five new chapters have been added to reflect the lasted developments in the related field of research.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Assessment of Itch and Pain in Animal Models and Human Subjects.- Chapter 2 Allergic Contact Dermatitis: A Model of Inflammatory Itch and Pain in Human and Mouse.- Chapter 3 Modulation of C-nociceptive Activities by Inputs from Myelinated Fibers.- Chapter 4 Pathophysiologic basis of the treatment of spontaneous pain.- Chapter 5 Neuropathic Pain: Sensory Nerve Injury or Motor Nerve Injury?.- Chapter 6 T cell and subsets in neuropathic pain.- Chapter 7 Astrocyte and microglia in chronic postsurgical pain.- Chapter 8 Dorsal spinal modulation of neuraxial opioids induced pruritus.- Chapter 9 Peripheral Nociceptors as Immune Sensors in the Development of Pain and Itch.- Chapter 10 Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptors Offer Potential New Targets for Pain Therapy.- Chapter 11 Pain Modulation and the Transition from Acute to Chronic Pain.- Chapter 12 Integrated, Team-Based Chronic Pain Management: Bridges from Theory and Research to High Quality Patient Care.- Chapter 13 Research progress of long-acting analgesics for the treatment of chronic pain.- Chapter 14 Update in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain.- Chapter 15 Mechanisms of peripheral sensitization in neuropathic pain.

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Table of ContentsPreface Part One: Biomechanical Concepts Chapter 1. Joint Torque Chapter 2. Stiffness and Stiffness-Like Measures Chapter 3. Velocity-Dependent Resistance Chapter 4. Mechanical Work and Energy Part Two: Neurophysiological Concepts Chapter 5. Muscle tone Chapter 6. Reflexes Chapter 7. Preprogrammed Reactions Chapter 8. Efferent Copy Chapter 9. Central Pattern Generator Part Three: Motor Control Concepts Chapter 10. Redundancy and Abundance Chapter 11. Motor Synergy Chapter 12. Equilibrium-Point Hypothesis Chapter 13. Motor Program Part Four: Examples of Motor Behaviors Chapter 14. Posture Chapter 15. Grasping Glossary

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Table of ContentsPrologue1. Pinar Del Rio, Cuba, December 12, 19912. An Economy in Crisis Havana, November 22, 19913. Ariza Prison Cienfuegos, Cuba, August 5, 19924. The Strange Epidemic Geneva, May 4, 19935. Pan American Health Organization (Paho) Washington DC, May 10, 19936. Federal Building: Bethesda, Maryland, May 11, 19937. Neuroepidemiology, NIH: Bethesda, Maryland, May 14, 19938. Cuba: A Dream Island, May 14, 19939. A Farcical Journey Miami International Airport, May 15, 199310. In the Eye of the Storm Cuba, May 16, 199311. Epidemiologists: Medical Detectives Havana, May 17, 199312. Eye Hospital of Havana, Cuba: 7:00 AM, Monday, May 17, 199313. An Unknown Virus Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute Havana, Cuba: Tuesday, May 18, 199314. The Virologists’ Arrival: Havana - Cuba 10:00 AM, Wednesday, May 19, 199315. Mariel Thursday, May 20, 199316. Hunger Everywhere Pinar Del Río, May 20, 199317. Cassava and Cyanide Thursday, May 20, 199318. The Myelitis of Santiago De Cuba Friday, May 21, 199319. Tobacco Blindness Isla De La Juventud: May 23, 199320. Of Poisons and Warfare Toxins Havana, May 26, 199321. Three-Thousand-Five-Hundred Patients Every Week Havana, May 27, 199322. The Answer: Changi P.O.W. Camp Singapore, February 15, 194223. Blockade Amblyopia Cuba, 1897-1898 & 1991-199324. The End of the EpidemicAftermath

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Book SynopsisSince the beginning of recorded history, law and religion have provided rules that define good behavior. When we obey such rules, we assign to some external authority the capacity to determine how we should act. Even anarchists recognize the existence of a choice as to whether or not to obey, since no one has seriously doubted that the source of social order resides in our vast ethical systems. Debate has focused only on whose system is best, never for an instant imagining that law, religion, or some philosophical permutation of either was not the basis of prosocial action. The only divergence from this uniform understanding of human society has come from the behavioral sciences, which cite various biological bases for human goodness. Putting aside both ancient and relatively modern ethical systems, neuroscientists, psychologists, and evolutionary biologists have started a revolution more profound than any anarchist ever dreamed of. In essence, these researchers argue that the source oTrade ReviewA worthwhile read for those wishing to familiarize themselves with potential mechanisms underlying altruistic behaviour. * Ingrid Butterfield, Australasian Psychiatry, 23(6), 2015 *A splendid read and a real tour de force of brain science, this book proves that altruistic behaviour has the power to shape our brains and, consequently, our destiny * B.L. Chakoo; The Tribune, India *Ground-breaking * Network Review, David Lorimer *Pfaff convincingly shows the science of altruism... * Publisher's Weekly *Written in a highly readable style, The Altruistic Brain summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field and offers an excellent starting point for readers who are interested in learning more about the biology and neuroscience of human prosociality. * Science *By recognising these benevolent brain patterns, we can correspondingly strengthen them, thus giving more hope for a positive future a visionary conclusion from a scientific book. * Network Review: Journal of the Scientific and Medical Network *Table of ContentsPART 1 - EVIDENCE FOR ALTRUISTIC BRAIN THEORY ; Chapter 1 - The Biological/Evolutionary Role of Altruism ; Chapter 2 - Altruistic Brain Theory Introduced ; Chapter 3 - Primary Neuroscience Research Underlying Each Step of Altruistic Brain Theory ; Chapter 4 - Neural and Hormonal Mechanisms that Promote Prosocial Behaviors Once the Moral Decision is Made ; Chapter 5 - New Neuroscience Research: the Theory's Link to An Ethical Universal ; PART 2 - IMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF THE MORAL BRAIN - REMOVING OBSTACLES TO GOOD BEHAVIOR ; Chapter 6 - How Altruistic Brain Theory Changes Our Perceptions of Ourselves and of Altruism ; Chapter 7 - Why the Altruistic Brain Matters: Its Significance to Addressing Individuals' Bad Behavior ; Chapter 8 - Multiplier Effect: from Bad to Worse in a Social Setting ; Chapter 9 - No Easy Answers ... But No Pessimism Either

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Book SynopsisBrain Renaissance, from Vesalius to modern neuroscience is published on the 500th anniversary of the birth and the 450th anniversary of the death of Vesalius. The authors translated those Latin chapters of the Fabrica dedicated to the brain, a milestone in the history of neuroscience. Many chapters are accompanied by a commentary tracking the discoveries that paved the way to our modern understanding of the brain - from the pineal gland that regulates sleep, the fornix and mammillary bodies for memory, the colliculi for auditory and visual perception, and the cerebellum for motor control, to the corpus callosum for interhemispheric cross-talk, the neural correlates of senses, and the methods for dissections. The chapters constitute a primer for those interested in the brain and history of neuroscience. The translation, written with modern anatomical terminology in mind, provides direct access to Vesalius'' original work on the brain. Those interested in reading the words of the RenaissTrade ReviewCatani and Sandrone have produced a remarkable compilation of the history of neuroscience from Vesalius to the present day. The book highlights the complexity and wonder of the human body, specifically the brain and its functions. At the same time, the book honors the first physicians to observe and explore the human body like Vesalius. Catani and Sandrone's work is relevant both to students of medicine, and to those interested in Renaissance studies, medicine, and history. * Angela P. Pacheco, Purdue University. The British Society for Literature and Science *[This book is] a convincing attempt to use the fundamental discoveries of Andreas Vesalius as a key to start and develop multiple explorations of the brain. . . To have used an anatomist of five centuries ago as a guide through centuries of research on the brain is an original and somehow strange challenge. The fascination of Brain Renaissance, tells us that the goal was fully achieved. * Paolo Mazzarello, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, and Historical Museum, Strada Nuova, Italy, in Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences XXX (2015) *This book is a compact and historically important contribution of interest to historians of science, especially biology. . . I feel it is even more valuable for those teaching neuroscience. . . [It helps] put our modern conceits as part of a long journey to understand mind and behaviour. * Gordon M. Burghardt, Professor in the departments of Psychology and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at The University of Tennessee, in PsycCRITIQUES, Vol. 61, No. 2, January 2016 *In Brain Renaissance, neuroscientists Marco Catani and Stefano Sandrone present a translation from the Latin of the Fabricas last volume, which focuses on the brain..... Brain Renaissance is not the only English translation, but it is the only one available at a price that individuals might afford. Accompanying texts by Catani and Sandrone place the work in its historical and scientific context. * Alison Abbott, Nature *Table of Contents- Preface ; -Introduction 1: The Anatomy of an anatomist ; - Introduction 2: A brief history of neuroscience from Vesalius to the connectome ; - Chapter 1: The brain is fabricated for the sake of the supreme spirit, the senses, and also the movement that depends upon our will ; - Chapter 2: On the dura membrane that surrounds the brain, and the small membrane covering the skull under the skin ; - Chapter 3: On the tenuis cerebral membranes ; - Chapter 4: On the number, position, shape, convolutions and substance of the brain and cerebellum ; Commentary: Scratching the surface of complexity ; - Chapter 5: On the corpus callosum of the brain and the septum of the right and left ventricles ; Commentary: A tale of anarchic hands and split brains ; - Chapter 6: On the cerebral ventricle ; Commentary: The liquor of our souls ; - Chapter 7: On the brain structure that expert dissectors have compared to a tortoise-like vault ; Commentary: A memory thread in the brain ; - Chapter 8: On the cerebral gland resembling a pine nut ; Commentary: From the seat of the soul to the SAD lamps ; - Chapter 9: On the testes [i.e. superior colliculi] and buttocks [i.e. inferior colliculi] of the brain ; Commentary: Sex on the hills ; - Chapter 10: On the processes of that [part of the] cerebellum that resembles a worm [i.e. vermis], and the tendons that contain them ; Commentary: More than a little brain ; - Chapter 11: On the infundibulum, the glandule that receives the cerebral phlegm and the other ducts that cleanse it ; Commentary: The axis of survival ; - Chapter 12: On the networks of the brain believed to be similar to the reticular plexus and the placenta ; Commentary: The net of wonder ; - Chapter 13: On the organ of smell ; - Chapter 14: On the eye, the instrument of vision ; - Chapter 15: On the organ of hearing ; - Chapter 16: On the organ of taste ; - Chapter 17: On the organ of touch ; - Chapter 18: How to dissect the brain and all the organs referred to in this brain ; -Appendix: Select Figures from Andreas Vesalius ; - Index

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