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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewWinner of the 2014 Watson Davis and Helen Miles Davis Prize, History of Science Society Winner of the 2012 Eugene E. Emme Award for Astronautical Literature, American Astronautical Society "In his fascinating new book, McCray profiles the larger-than-life characters and ideas that changed science and technology in the second half of the 20th century and beyond. The author describes the titular visioneers as 'hybrids'--creative combinations of futurist, scientist, and charismatic promoter. At the center of this story are physicist Gerard O'Neill and biotech pioneer K. Eric Drexler... McCray, a professor of history at UC Santa Barbara, discusses how O'Neill's vision of space as a tabula rasa for the human race spurred the formation of grassroots groups like the L5 Society and captured the imaginations of many young scientists and engineers like Drexler, as well as influential figures like Stewart Brand and Timothy Leary. Considered together, they 'took speculative ideas out of the hands of sci-fi writers' and had an enormous impact on generations of people, science, and political policy."--Publishers Weekly (starred review) "McCray focuses on Gerard K. O'Neill, the Princeton physicist and designer of space colonies, and on his protege, K. Eric Drexler, the 'speculative engineer' trained at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge who helped to put nanotechnology on political agendas in the early 1990s. Along the way, McCray introduces a large and colourful cast of others who, over four decades, promoted technological progress as the way to overcome every limit... McCray's book is especially convincing in following the various movements that arose in reaction to the Club of Rome's 1972 book (The Limits of Growth)... McCray's argument that visioneers play an important part in the 'technological ecosystem' is also compelling."--Cyrus Mody, Nature "The overarching narrative of The Visioneers--that of humankind's struggle against limits real and imagined--is compelling, and no less so because of how effectively it reflects the questions of technology surrounding today's big fears like peak oil and global warming... [The Visioneers] is an extremely edifying and well-researched history. Recommended for technology buffs, doomsayers, and anyone with an interest in the intersection of science, technology, and society."--ForeWord "[A] thoughtful, meticulous history."--Simon Ings, New Scientist "I recommend McCray's The Visioneers to all readers interested recent history of science in the making and, more generally, in the place of science in society. The marketing of science is entering a new era and many of the visioneers described by McCray may be seen as the first of a wave of new kind of figures in the history of science, both technoscientists and visionary promoters."--Roger F Malina, Leonardo Journal "McCray's narrative is often fascinating. He connects interest in space colonies with a pervasive fear in the 1970s that unchecked population growth would precipitate an apocalyptic environmental crisis on Planet Earth."--Glenn C. Altschuler, Tulsa World "Remember the late 20th century? When machines on the moon were spitting 10-pound spoonfuls of soil into orbit every few seconds, as raw material for space colonies and zero-gravity factories? When solar panels in orbit were beaming down the planet's power supply? When we were manufacturing everything we wanted, molecule by molecule, via machines smaller than the smallest objects we previously knew? In The Visioneers, the UC-Santa Barbara historian W. Patrick McCray revisits the birth and growth of those futures--or rather, those concepts of the future, which haven't (yet) come true... [W]ell-detailed."--Brian Doherty, Reason "[M]cCray focuses on the public relations efforts of [Gerard O'Neil and Eric Drexler] and how their agenda helped shape the national agenda for science and technology research and reveals how these visionaries worked tirelessly to make their dreams a reality. Recommended for readers with an interest in the history of science, especially in the space exploration or nanotechnology fields."--Library Journal "McCray skilfully weaves a narrative between O'Neill and Drexler in what is a superb and important book."--Keith Cooper, Astronomy Now "[H]istorians of contemporary science, technology and popular culture--in addition to a wide non-academic audience--will find much to savour in this rich and well-written book."--Peder Roberts, British Journal for the History of Science "In this engaging, highly detailed and meticulously researched account of late twentieth century technological dreaming and development, McCray ... does an impressive job of assembling a wealth of information and analysis of a particular period of futures-making in America's recent past... For those interested in the extensive early efforts to identify, consolidate and promote the nanotechnology field (or for that matter, space settlement), this book will provide a treasure trove of information and insight."--Georgia Miller, Nanoethics "The book is a worthy contribution to a growing historiography of the sprawling intellectual and cultural spaces that have existed around the edges of mainstream science and technology."--William Thomas, Technology & Culture "Brilliantly researched."--Brian Jirout, Oral History ReviewTable of ContentsList of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction: Visioneering Technological Futures 1 Chapter 1 Utopia or Oblivion for Spaceship Earth? 20 Chapter 2 The Inspiration of Limits 40 Chapter 3 Building Castles in the Sky 73 Chapter 4 Omnificent 113 Chapter 5 Could Small Be Beautiful? 146 Chapter 6 California Dreaming 183 Chapter 7 Confirmation, Benediction, and Inquisition 222 Chapter 8 Visioneering's Value 258 A Note on Sources 277 Notes 281 Index 325

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"A Financial Times Best Summer Book""A Financial Times Best Book of the Year: Science""Wide-ranging investigation into efforts by scientists to create digitised “twins” of human beings that promise a future of predictive medicine, but also ethical challenges." * Financial Times *"Virtual You is the most comprehensive and comprehensible account so far of the way in which the revolution in computing and data is starting to transform human biology and medicine."---Clive Cookson, Financial Times"[An] immensely thought-provoking book."---Nick Smith, Engineering and Technology"Virtual You‘s scope is as epic as its vision, taking us through medical history from Vesalius to Venter, and from the Antikythera mechanism to supercomputers and beyond. This means the concepts come at you thick and fast, although as a non-mathematician, I found the explanations refreshingly clear."---Claire Ainsworth, New Scientist"Computer simulations are coming to play a leading role in many fields of science. Science writer Highfield and computer scientist Coveney show in vivid examples how medical researchers are creating digital twins of individual patients and then using these virtual humans to guide treatments for a wide range of diseases."---Clive Cookson, Financial Times

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive review of the biophysics and nanotechnology of ion channels. It details the biological and physiological entities of ion channels in cells and addresses various physical perspectives of ion channel structures and functions. Naturally inbuilt and artificial applicable nanotechnologies of ion channels are modelled and explored. It discusses various methods that can be utilized toward understanding ion channel-based cellular diseases. Physical, biochemical, biomedical, and bioinformatics techniques are taken into consideration to enable the development of strategies to address therapeutic drug discovery and delivery.This book will be of interest to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in biophysics and related biomedical sciences in addition to researchers in the field and industry.Features: Provides a stimulating introduction to the structures and functions of ion channels of biological cell meTable of ContentsChapter 1 Ion Channels - Physical Structures and Gating Mechanisms Chapter 2 Mitochondrial Membrane Channels - Physical Structures and Gating Mechanisms Chapter 3 Ion Channels of the Nuclear Membrane - Physical Structures and Gating Mechanisms Chapter 4 Artificial Ion Channels Chapter 5 Nonchannel Membrane Gating Chapter 6 Ion Channel Energetics Chapter 7 Nanotechnology of Ion Channels Chapter 8 Channelopathies and Ion Channels as Therapeutic Targets Chapter 9 Bioinformatics of Ion channels: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning Chapter 10 Quantum Mechanics of Ion Channels

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Book SynopsisLearn to assess electromigration reliability and design more resilient chips in this comprehensive and practical resource. Beginning with fundamental physics and building to advanced methodologies, this book enables the reader to develop highly reliable on-chip wiring stacks and power grids. Through a detailed review on the role of microstructure, interfaces and processing on electromigration reliability, as well as characterisation, testing and analysis, the book follows the development of on-chip interconnects from microscale to nanoscale. Practical modeling methodologies for statistical analysis, from simple 1D approximation to complex 3D description, can be used for step-by-step development of reliable on-chip wiring stacks and industrial-grade power/ground grids. This is an ideal resource for materials scientists and reliability and chip design engineers.Table of Contents1. Introduction to electromigration; 2. Fundamentals of electromigration; 3. Thermal stress characteristics and stress induced void formation in aluminium and copper interconnects; 4. Stress evolution and damage formation in confined metal lines under electric stressing; 5. Electromigration in Cu interconnect structures; 6. Scaling effects on microstructure and resistivity of Cu and Co nanointerconnects; Analysis of electromigration induced stress evolution and voiding in Cu damascene lines with microstructure; 8. Massive scale statistical studies for electromigration; 9. Assessment of electromigration damage in large on-chip power grids. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a clear and interdisciplinary introduction to the structural and scattering properties of complex photonic media, focusing on deterministic aperiodic structures and their conceptual roots in geometry and number theory. It integrates important results and recent developments into a coherent and physically consistent story, balanced between mathematical designs, scattering and optical theories, and engineering device applications. The book includes discussions of emerging device applications in metamaterials and nano-optics technology. Both academia and industry will find the book of interest as it develops the underlying physical and mathematical background in partnership with engineering applications, providing a perspective on both fundamental optical sciences and photonic device technology. Emphasizing the comprehension of physical concepts and their engineering implications over the more formal developments, this is an essential introduction to the stimulating and fTrade Review'This book is a modern and comprehensive account of light propagation in aperiodic media. It provides a solid, unified description of the basic theoretical tools and methods, and presents the unique optical properties and applications of aperiodic media, which usually cannot be achieved in traditional periodic and/or random photonic systems. It is an ideal introduction to this interdisciplinary, fascinating research field for graduate students and researchers in physics, electrical engineering, and applied physics.' Felipe Pinheiro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro'The very existence of orderings of matter which extend beyond mere regular periodicity, embracing quasiperiodic, hyperuniform, and deterministic aperiodic structural designs, emerges as a unifying theme blending the broad palette of topics covered in this magnificent book. In his intellectual tour-de-force Prof. Luca Dal Negro beautifully describes a lot of timely selected topics, including research fields as diverse as optical engineering, number theory, rogue waves, antenna theory, metamaterials, elliptic curves over finite fields, nano- plasmonics, chaotic dynamics, or cryptography (to name just a few), disclosing very appealing perspectives for their use in optical devices and technological applications. Quite remarkably, the main text is conveniently interspersed with many informative boxes and illustrative figures, carefully prepared by the author not only to provide a lot of useful information, but also aimed at spurring the reader to delve into deep insight considerations, naturally leading to far-reaching research subjects for the time to come.' Enrique Maciá Barber, Complutense University of Madrid'Professor Dal Negro is to be commended for writing an outstanding and lucid treatise on the timely multidisciplinary topic of wave phenomena in complex media. He succeeds in presenting a wide range of important topics in a concise and effective manner, including basic topics in optics and scattering theories, emerging device applications in metamaterials and nano-optics technologies, state-of-the-art topics in the emerging fields of aperiodic and hyperuniform optics, among many other subjects and developments. Both researchers and practitioners will find this comprehensive book to be an invaluable resource.' Salvatore Torquato, Princeton University'An excellent book that presents a systematic and comprehensive introduction to the fast growing field of complex photonics. The author takes you on an exciting journey from the general theory of electromagnetic waves all the way to fascinating aperiodic structures arising from number theory.' Uwe Grimm, Open University'This is a fascinating book by an internationally renowned scholar and experienced educator in the field of complex photonics. It offers a well-balanced, extensive treatment of this exciting multidisciplinary topic in terms of electromagnetic scattering and diffraction phenomena in spatially aperiodic structures, with connection to the mathematical foundations in geometry and number theory, and with a view towards applications in optical devices and photonic technology. I highly recommend this book as an informative source for those working in this field and as an inspirational gateway for those interested in entering this research area.' Nader Engheta, University of PennsylvaniaTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Electromagnetics background; 3. Optical dispersion models; 4. Wave propagation and diffraction; 5. Diffraction in optical engineering; 6. Wave scattering and coherence; 7. Structure factor and diffraction; 8. Tailored disorder; 9. Fundamentals of number theory; 10. Aperiodic order in number theory; 11. Aperiodic order and geometry; 12. Multiple scattering; 13. Analytical scattering theory; 14. Transport and localization.

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Book SynopsisSuperconducting quantum circuits are among the most promising solutions for the development of scalable quantum computers. Built with sizes that range from microns to tens of metres using superconducting fabrication techniques and microwave technology, superconducting circuits demonstrate distinctive quantum properties such as superposition and entanglement at cryogenic temperatures. This book provides a comprehensive and self-contained introduction to the world of superconducting quantum circuits, and how they are used in current quantum technology. Beginning with a description of their basic superconducting properties, the author then explores their use in quantum systems, showing how they can emulate individual photons and atoms, and ultimately behave as qubits within highly connected quantum systems. Particular attention is paid to cutting-edge applications of these superconducting circuits in quantum computing and quantum simulation. Written for graduate students and junior researTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Quantum Mechanics; 3. Superconductivity; 4. Quantum circuit theory; 5. Microwave protons; 6. Superconducting qubits; 7. Qubit-photon interaction; 8. Quantum computing; 9. Adiabatic quantum computing; Appendix A; Appendix B; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisA novel way of arranging the atomic structure of a substance so that it can be made thousands of times stronger than in its native state. Often used to make duranium a further ten thousand times stronger. Thus, a lump of duranium can be made over ten million times stronger than the equivalent block of titanium. A one dimensional fullerene (a convex cage of atoms with only hexagonal and/ or pentagonal faces) with a cylindrical shape. Carbon nanotubes discovered in 1991 by Sumio Iijima resemble rolled up graphite, although they can not really be made that way. Depending on the direction that the tubes appear to have been rolled (quantified by the ''chiral vector''), they are known to act as conductors or semiconductors. Nanotubes are a proving to be useful as molecular components for nanotechnology. This book assembles and presents new and important research in the field.

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Book SynopsisA novel way of arranging the atomic structure of a substance so that it can be made thousands of times stronger than in its native state. Often used to make duranium a further ten thousand times stronger. Thus, a lump of duranium can be made over ten million times stronger than the equivalent block of titanium. A one dimensional fullerene (a convex cage of atoms with only hexagonal and/ or pentagonal faces) with a cylindrical shape. Carbon nanotubes discovered in 1991 by Sumio Iijima resemble rolled up graphite, although they can not really be made that way. Depending on the direction that the tubes appear to have been rolled (quantified by the ''chiral vector''), they are known to act as conductors or semiconductors. Nanotubes are a proving to be useful as molecular components for nanotechnology. This book assembles and presents new and important research in the field.

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Book SynopsisNanotechnology is the art, science, and engineering of designing materials, devices, and systems at the nanoscale from bottom-up and/or top-down approaches. The material properties at the nanoscale are governed by quantum mechanics, and hence are drastically different than those at the macro/micro scale. It is thus no surprise, that nanotechnology has led to a scientific and technological revolution. This book provides a gentle introduction to the field of nanotechnology for first-year undergraduate students. It not only covers the fundamental scientific concepts in a tutorial fashion, but also provides an overview of applications in nanoelectronics, spintronics, nanophotonics, nanofabrication and nanocharacterization. End of chapter research assignments focus on nanomanufacturing, computing and communication, renewable energy, defense applications, food processing and agriculture, automobile and aerospace technology, nanobiotechnology and bionanotechnology, industrial and consumer applications. Finally, the topics related to safety, health, and societal impact of nanotechnology are discussed. Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Particles, waves and duality.- Atomic Mater.- Atomic Structure and Interactions.- Electronic Structure.- Nanoelectronics.- DOS and Dimensionality.- Spintronics.- Nanophotonics.- Nanofabrication.- Nanocharacterization.- Safety, Health, Environmental and Social Impact.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers the optical and electrical properties of nanoscale materials with an emphasis on how new and unique material properties result from the special nature of their electronic band structure. Beginning with a review of the optical and solid state physics needed for understanding optical and electrical properties, the book then introduces the electronic band structure of solids and discusses the effect of spin orbit coupling on the valence band, which is critical for understanding the optical properties of most nanoscale materials. Excitonic effects and excitons are also presented along with their effect on optical absorption.2D materials, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, are host to unique electrical properties resulting from the electronic band structure. This book devotes significant attention to the optical and electrical properties of 2D and topological materials with an emphasis on optical measurements, electrical characterization of carrier transport, and a discussion of the electronic band structures using a tight binding approach. This book succinctly compiles useful fundamental and practical information from one of the fastest growing research topics in materials science and is thus an essential compendium for both students and researchers in this rapidly moving field.Table of ContentsIntroduction – Optical Properties of Solids.- The Dielectric Function at Optical Frequencies– A First Look.- Introduction to the Electronic Band Structure of Solids.- Microscopic Theory of the Dielectric Function.- Excitons and Excitonic Effects in Semiconductors.- Optical Measurements.- Hall Effect Measurements of 2D Electron Gas and 2D Materials.- Optical and Electrical Properties of van der Waals 2D Nanoscale Materials.- The Optical and Electrical Properties of Topological Materials.

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Book SynopsisThis Handbook covers the fundamentals of carbon nanotubes (CNT), their composites with different polymeric materials (both natural and synthetic) and their potential advanced applications. Three different parts dedicated to each of these aspects are provided, with chapters written by worldwide experts in the field. It provides in-depth information about this material serving as a reference book for a broad range of scientists, industrial practitioners, graduate and undergraduate students, and other professionals in the fields of polymer science and engineering, materials science, surface science, bioengineering and chemical engineering.Part 1 comprises 22 chapters covering early stages of the development of CNT, synthesis techniques, growth mechanism, the physics and chemistry of CNT, various innovative characterization techniques, the need of functionalization and different types of functionalization methods as well as the different properties of CNT. A full chapter is devoted to theory and simulation aspects. Moreover, it pursues a significant amount of work on life cycle analysis of CNT and toxicity aspects.Part 2 covers CNT-based polymer nanocomposites in approximately 23 chapters. It starts with a short introduction about polymer nanocomposites with special emphasis on CNT-based polymer nanocomposites, different manufacturing techniques as well as critical issues concerning CNT-based polymer nanocomposites. The text deeply reviews various classes of polymers like thermoset, elastomer, latex, amorphous thermoplastic, crystalline thermoplastic and polymer fibers used to prepare CNT based polymer composites. It provides detailed awareness about the characterization of polymer composites. The morphological, rheological, mechanical, viscoelastic, thermal, electrical, electromagnetic shielding properties are discussed in detail. A chapter dedicated to the simulation and multiscale modelling of polymer nanocomposites is an additional attraction of this part of the Handbook.Part 3 covers various potential applications of CNT in approximately 27 chapters. It focuses on individual applications of CNT including mechanical applications, energy conversion and storage applications, fuel cells and water splitting, solar cells and photovoltaics, sensing applications, nanofluidics, nanoelectronics and microelectronic devices, nano-optics, nanophotonics and nano-optoelectronics, non-linear optical applications, piezo electric applications, agriculture applications, biomedical applications, thermal materials, environmental remediation applications, anti-microbial and antibacterial properties and other miscellaneous applications and multi-functional applications of CNT based polymer nanocomposites. One chapter is fully focussed on carbon nanotube research developments: published papers and patents. Risks associated with carbon nanotubes and competitive analysis of carbon nanotubes with other carbon allotropes are also addressed in this Handbook.Table of Contents Part 1: Carbon nanotube- Fundamentals and fascinating attributes 1 History and Development of Carbon Nanotubes2 Synthesis methods for Carbon nanotubes 1. Introduction 2. Arc Discharge Method 3. Laser Ablation Method 4. Chemical Vapour Deposition Method 5. Hydrothermal Synthesis 6. Electrolysis 7. Solar Technique 8. Conclusions 9. References 3 Carbon nanotube Growth mechanisms 1. Vapour phase growth 2. Liquid phase growth. 3. Solid phase growth 4. The crystallization model 5. Catalytically assisted growth mechanism 6. Existing challenges and future directions 4 Chemistry of Carbon nanotube structures 1. Introduction 2. Structure 3. Chemical bonding 4. Bonding models 5. Chemical Reactivity 6. Functionalization Chemistry 7. Doping Chemistry 8. Supramolecular chemistry 9. Catalytic chemistry 10. Photochemistry 11. Purification of cnt 12. Conclusions 13. References 5 Physics of Carbon nanotubes structures 1. Introduction 2. Electronic States 3. Fundamental parameters and relations for carbon nanotubes 4. Symmetry of carbon nanotubes 5. Elastic Continuum Models of Phonons in Carbon Nanotubes 6 Innovative approaches in Characterization of Carbon nanotube 1. Infrared spectroscopy 2. UV–visible spectroscopy 3. Photoluminescence spectroscopy 4. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)< 5. X-ray diffraction 6. Raman spectroscopy 7. Neutron diffraction 8. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) 9. Transmission electron microscopy 10. Atomic force microscopy 7 Mechanics of Carbon nanotube 1. Basic mechanical properties: stiffness, strength, toughness 2. Elastic properties of CNT 3. Theoretical results on elastic constants of nanotubes 4. Nonlinear elastic behaviour 5. Strength and fracture 8 Optical properties of Carbon nanotube 1. 2. Electronic structure of carbon nanotube 3. Optical absorption 4. Luminescence 5. fluorescence 6. Raman scattering 7. Rayleigh scattering. 9 Thermal properties of Carbon nanotube 1. Introduction 2. Specific Heat 3. Specific Heat of Nanotubes 4. Thermal Stability of Nanotubes 5. Thermal conductivity 6. Thermal Conductivity: Theory 7. Ballistic Conduction 10 Electronic and electronic transport properties of Carbon nanotube 1. Energy dispersion relations 2. Density of states 3. Electronic transport 4. Field emission and total energy distribution 5. Band structures in a magnetic field 6. Curvature effects: Beyond the zone-folding model 7. Nanotube bundle and multiwall system 8. Structural defects in carbon nanotubes 9. Conductance Quantization in One Dimension 10. Metallic Single-Walled Nanotubes 11. Semiconducting Single-Walled Nanotubes 12. Summary of Electronic Transport Properties 11 Electrical properties of Carbon nanotube 1. Conductance of Carbon Nanotube Systems 2. Dynamic Conductance of Carbon Nanotubes 3. Semiconducting CNTs 4. Superconductivity 5. Thermoelectric Properties 6. Photoconductivity and Luminescence 12 Field emission from Carbon nanotube 1. Field Emission Basics 2. Emitter Characteristics 3. Field Emission Mechanism 4. Single nanotube field emitter 5. Nanotube film field emitter 6. Macroscopic CNT structures 7. Field emission induced luminescence 13 Physical Properties of Carbon nanotubes 1. Ability to be manipulated 2. Electronic structure 3. Hardness 4. Impervious to Environmental Factors 5. One Dimensional Transport 6. Strength 7. Toxicity 14 Why functionalization of Carbon nanotube 1. Aggregation and poor solubility of carbon nanotubes 2. To resolve dispersion problems 30 15 Dispersion of Carbon nanotube 1. Current approaches for dispersing carbon nanotubes 2. Characterization of CNT dispersion 3. Water-soluble dispersions of carbon nanotubes 4. Dispersions of carbon nanotubes in organic solvents 5. Stabilization of carbon nanotube dispersions by polymers 6. Carbon Nanotube Dispersion – High Viscosity Material 7. Carbon Nanotube Dispersion – Medium Viscosity Material 8. Carbon Nanotube Dispersion – Low Viscosity Material 16 Covalent functionalization of Carbon nanotube 1. Oxidation 2. Esterification/Amidation 3. Halogenation reactions 4. Cycloaddition 5. Radical addition 6. Nucleophilic addition 7. Electrophilic addition< 17 Non covalent functionalization of Carbon nanotube 1. Polynuclear aromatic compounds 2. Biomolecules 3. π-π stacking and electrostatic interactions 4. Non covalent endohedral functionalization 18 Other functionalization methods 1. Functionalization with Nanoparticles 2. Substitutional Doping 19 Hetro atom Doped CNT and their properties 1. Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes 2. Carbon nanotubes doped with heteroatoms other than nitrogen 20 CNT based hybrid materials 1. Hybrid materials based on carbon nanotubes and metal oxides 2. Hybrid materials based on carbon nanotubes and metals 3. Hybrid materials based on carbon nanotubes and other inorganic carbonaceous materials 4. Hybrid materials based on carbon nanotubes and other organic materials 21 Theory, calculations, modelling and simulation for Carbon nanotube 1. Introduction 2. models of CNT growth 3. Electronic structure calculations 4. Mechanical models 5. Molecular dynamics simulation 22 The main challenges of Carbon nanotube 1. lack of a detailed understanding of the nanotube growth mechanism 2. lack of control of the synthesis process to produce nanotubes with a desired diameter and chirality. 3. Proper dispersion 4. Release characteristics of selected carbon nanotube polymer composites 23 Life cycle analysis of Carbon nanotube 1. Environmental effects of Carbon nanotube 2. Health impacts Carbon nanotube 3. Life Cycle Assessment 4. Inventory Analysis 5. Emerging technologies in life cycle impacts 6. Life cycle modelling 7. LCA and its social imapacts 8. Strategy to Overcome Existing Gaps 24 The current market for CNT materials and products 1. Carbon nanotubes manufacturers 2. Raw Material suppliers 3. Traders, distributors, and suppliers of carbon nanotubes 4. Regional manufacturers’ associations and general carbon nanotubes associations 5. Government and regional agencies and research organizations 6. Investment research firms 7. Market Outlook 8. Global demand for carbon nanotubes 9. Regulations and standards 10. Competition from other materials 25 Competitive analysis of carbon nanotubes with other carbon allotropes 1. Comparative properties 2. Cost and production 3. Carbon nanotube hybrids 4. Competitive market analysis of carbon nanotubes and other carbon allotropes Part 2 CNT based Polymer composites- Fabrication and Characterization 1 Structure–property relationships in polymer nanocomposites 1. Introduction 2. structure–property relationships in CNT-polymer nanocomposites 3. structure–property relationships in POSS-polymer nanocomposites 4. structure–property relationships in Clay/graphene/LDH-polymer nanocomposites 5. Effects of nanoparticles on the glass-formation in polymer nanocomposites 6. Effects of nanoparticles on the percolation threshold in polymer nanocomposites 7. Mechanisms for nanoparticle clustering and effects on material properties 8. Nanoparticle self-assembly 2 Manufacturing Techniques for CNT-Polymer composites 1. Solution based 2. In-situ polymerisation 3. Melt mixing 4. Latex stage mixing 5. Interface modification 6. Use of a third component 7. Other methods 3 Carbon Nanotube Composites: Critical Issues 1. Carbon Nanotubes 2. Structure control of CNTs 3. The problem of CNT Bundles 4. Dispersion of CNTs within polymer matrix 5. Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Interfaces 6. Nanocomposite Morphology 7. Contacts between individual CNTs 8. Other problems 4 Dispersion and alignment of carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix 1. the principles and techniques for CNT dispersion 2. The effects of CNT dispersion on the properties of CNT/polymer nanocomposites 5 Amorphous thermoplastic/CNT based composites 1. Polyamideimide 2. Polyethersulphone 3. Polyetherimide 4. Polyarylate 5. Polysulphone 6. Polyamide (amorphous) 7. Polymethylmethacrylate 8. Polyvinylchloride 9. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene 10. Polystyrene 6 Semi-crystalline thermoplastic/CNT based composites < 1. Polyetheretherketone 2. Polytetrafluoroethylene 3. Polyamide 6,6 4. Polyamide 11 5. Polyphenylene sulphide 6. Polyethylene terephthalate 7. Polypropylene 8. High Density Polyethylene 9. Low Density Polyethylene 7 Thermoset/CNT based composites 1. Polyester 2. Epoxy resin 3. Polyimides 8 CNT-filled Elastomer composites 1. Natural rubber 2. Acrylic Rubber (ACM) 3. Butadiene Rubber (BR) 4. Butyl Rubber (IIR) <5. Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (CSM)/ Hypalon 6. Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) 7. Fluoroelastomers (FKM)/ Viton 8. Isoprene Rubber (IR) 9. Nitrile Rubber (NBR) 10. Perfluoroelastomer (FFKM) 11. Polychloroprene (CR)/ Neoprene 12. Polysulfide Rubber (PSR) 13. Silicone Rubber (SiR) 14. Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) 9 Latex based/CNT composites 1. NR Latex/CNT 2. Synthetic rubber latex/CNT 10 nanocomposites based on polymer blends and CNT 1. miscible polymer blend 2. Immiscible polymer blend 3. Interpenetrating polymer network 4. Compatible polymer blend 11 Fibers/CNT 1. Introduction 2. Micro-Structural Development in Polymer/CNT Fibers 3. CNT Structure and Dispersion 4. Orientation and Alignment Effects 5. Prospects and Challenges for Processing Polymer/CNT Composites with Controlled Structural Development 12 Carbon nanotubes embedded in polymer nanofibers by electrospinning 1. Electro spinning of multi walled carbon nanotubes- polymer composites 13 X-ray scattering investigation of CNT-polymer composites 1. Basic principles 2. X-ray scattering methods 3. Wide angle X-ray diffraction 4. Small angle X-ray scattering 5. X-ray scattering methods 6. Morphology of carbon nanotubes 7. Morphology of polymer-CNT nanocomposites 8. crystalline disorder 9. orientation analysis; 10. phase analysis 14 Neutron scattering investigation of CNT-polymer composites 1. Basic principles 2. SANS methods and instrumentation 3. elucidating structural information 4. morphology 5. phase transition 6. Inhomogeneities and deformation mechanisms 15 Structural investigation of CNT-polymer composites by FTIR, UV, NMR and Raman spectroscopy 1. FTIR 2. UV-Visible spectroscopy 3. NMR 4. Raman Spectroscopy 16 Mechanical properties of carbon nanotube–polymer composites 1. Tensile strength 2. Abrasion resistance 3. Hardness 4. Compression strength 5. specific strength 6. toughness 7. Resilence 8. Impact properties 9. Flexural properties 10. Friction and wear properties 11. Thermomechanical analysis 12. Dynamic mechanical analysis 13. Creep, stress relaxation, hysteresis 14. Anisotropic mechanical behaviour 15. Modelling and Simulation< 17 Crystallization behavior of carbon nanotube− polymer nanocomposites 1. Measurements of radial growth rates of spherulites 2. Measurements of isothermal crystallization kinetics of iPP/CNTs by using DSC 3. Nonisothermal Crystallization Kinetics 18 Self-healing and shape memory effects of CNT based polymer composites 1. Self-healing: concept and materials 2. Self-healing of CNT based polymer nanocomposites: chemistry and applications 3. Theoretical study of self-healing polymer nanocomposites 4. Shape memory effect: definitions and characterization 5. Reinforcement of shape memory polymers 6. Reinforcement of shape memory polymers with CNT 7. Challenges 8. Future outlook 19 Thermal characterizations CNT-Polymer composites 1. Thermal stability 2. Thermal conductivity: definition, mechanisms and parameters 3. Modeling of thermal conductivity in composites 4. Thermal glass transition 5. Flame retardancy 6. Synergism between nanocomposites and flame retardants 7. Heat distortion temperature 20 Morphological characterizations CNT-Polymer composites 1. TEM 2. SEM 3. Scanning probe microscopy 4. AFM 5. Optical microscopy 21 Rheological studies of CNT-Polymer composites 1. theory practice and the new challenges in rheology of polymer nanocomposite 2. Rheological properties of polymer/carbon nanotube composites 3. Off-line” rheometry 4. “In-line” rheometry 5. Dilute regime: below the percolation threshold 6. Semi-dilute regime: dispersion and percolation 7. linear viscoelasticity 8. non- linear viscoelasticity 9. Steady shear viscosity 10. Dynamic shear rheology 22 Dielectric and Electrical conductivity studies of CNT-Polymer composites 1. Electrical percolation 2. Effects of filler attributes 3. Effects of nanocomposite microstructure 4. Effects of polymer matrix properties 5. Dielectric measurements 23 EMI shielding studies of CNT-Polymer composites 1. electromagnetic theory 2. foundations of the strategies to be employed to design efficient EMI shielding materials 3. carbon nanotubes based polymer composites for EMI shielding 4. The importance of the dispersion method into the polymer matrix 5. The combination of CNT with other constituents such as metallic nanoparticles or conductive polymers 6. complex architectures that are currently studied to improve the performances of EMI materials 24 Simulation and Multiscale modeling of polymer nanocomposites 1. Modeling and simulation techniques 2. Molecular scale methods 3. Microscale methods. 4. Mesoscale and macroscale methods 5. Modeling and simulation of CNT-polymer nanocomposites 6. Nanocomposite thermodynamics 7. Nanocomposite kinetics 8. Nanocomposite molecular structure and dynamic properties 9. Nanocomposite morphology 10. Nanocomposite rheological and processing behaviors 11. anocomposite mechanical properties 25 Life cycle analysis of CNT based polymer composites 1. Introduction to life cycle engineering 2. The life cycle of polymer composites 3. Life cycle engineering in product development 4. Recycling and recovery of polymer composites 5. What is Life Cycle Assessment? 6. Goal definition, scope, and functional unit 7. Inventory analysis 8. Impact assessment 9. Improvement analysis 10. Key issues in life cycle as sessment 11. Active and passive applications 12. Life Cycle Assessment of RecyclingPart 3:Recent advances in Carbon nanotube structures for potential applications 1 General Introduction 2 Carbon Nanotubes for mechanical applications 1. CNT nano mechanics2. Electromechanical Probes 3. in MEMS Technologies 4. CNT resonators as mass or force sensors5. Advanced Composites (fillers)6. The Space Elevator7. super-strong fabrics8. Mechanical Stabilizers (additives)9. Miscellaneous Applications10. Challenges and future prospects 3 Carbon Nanotubes for energy conversion and storage 1. The energy problem2. How and why carbon nanotubes can address the issues of energy storage and conversion3. Super capacitors4. Li ion batteries5. Conclusions and future developments 4 Carbon Nanotubes for Fuel Cells and water splitting 1. Carbon as a structural component in fuel cells2. Carbon as a catalyst support3. Carbon as a fuel4. Various Carbon Nanotubes in Portable Fuel Cells5. Doped Carbon Nanotube as electrodes6. Metal supported CNT as electrodes7. Functionalized carbon nanotubes fuel cells electrode 5 Carbon Nanotubes for solar cells and Photovoltaics1. Photovoltaic properties of CNT.2. Silicon-based solar cells. 3. Organic solar cells 4. Dye-sensitized solar cells 5. Polymer solar cells with CNT6. CNT as additives7. CNT as electrode8. CNT as Separate layer 6 Carbon Nanotubes for sensing applications 1. Electrochemical sensors2. Chemical sensors3. Organic Vapor4. Optical sensors5. Gas sensors6. Biosensors7. Strain sensing8. Pressure sensors9. Temperature sensors 7 Nanofluidics in Carbon Nanotube 1. Nanofluidics2. Nanofluidic Transport through Isolated Carbon Nanotube Channels: Advances, Controversies, and Challenges.3. Water transport inside carbon nanotubes4. Gas transport inside carbon nanotubes5. Carbon Nanotube Nanofluidics for Energy Technology and Sustainability 8 Carbon Nanotubes for Nanoelectronics and microelectronic Devices 1. Field Effect Transistors2. Single-Electron Transistors3. Nanotube Heterojunction Devices4. Mechanical Devices5. Nanotube Interconnects6. Modelling and simulation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) for nanoelectronics device applications 9 Carbon Nanotubes for Nano-optics, nanophotonics and nano-optoelectronics, non -liner ptical applicationss 1. Optical gain and lasing in carbon nanotubes2. Carbon nanotubes for optical limiting3. Carbon nanotube based fiber lasers4. Carbon-nanotube-based bulk solid-state lasers5. Carbon nanotube-based nonlinear photonic devices,6. Carbon nanotube-based optical platforms for biomolecular detection,7. Single carbon nanotube transistors for digital electronics8. Carbon nanotube thin-film transistors for digital electronics9. Carbon nanotubes for radio frequency analog circuits 10 Carbon nanotubes applications in agriculture 1. Interfacing carbon nanotubes (CNT) with plants2. Carbon Nanotubes Are Super Fertilizer3. Carbon Nanotubes as Plant Growth Regulators4. A general reduction of applied agrochemicals using nano encapsulated plant protection products and slow-release fertilizers5. Nanotechnologies for optimization of agricultural practices by introducing precision farming6. Negative Effects of CNT7. CNT as contaminant carriers and be transported to the edible parts of crops 11 Carbon Nanotubes for piezo electric applications 1. Effective Properties of Carbon Nanotube and Piezoelectric Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Smart Composites2. Flexible Piezoelectric Generators using CNT3. Reinforcement of Piezoelectric Polymers with Carbon Nanotubes 12 Carbon Nanotubes for thermal Materials 1. Spacecraft2. Heat dissipation in integrated circuits (IC) chips3. Carbon nanotubes for thermal interface materials in microelectronic packaging4. Carbon Nanotubes Thermal Radiation Coating Dispersion 13 Carbon Nanotubes for tissue engineering scaffold applications 1. Cell tracking and labeling.2. Sensi ugmenting cellular behavior . 3. Augmenting cellular behaviour4. Matrix enhancement5. Cytotoxicity 14 Carbon Nanotubes for Drug delivery applications 1. Therapeutic-CNT interaction2. Drug delivery with carbon nanotubes3. In vivo studies on drug delivery4. Drug delivery targeted to tumor5. Drug delivery targeted to central nervous system6. The biosafety of SWCNT used as drug carriers7. The future of CNTs used as drug carriers for cancer treatments 15 Carbon Nanotubes for Bio-imaging applications1. SWNT bioconjugates2. NIR Photoluminescence imaging with SWNTs3. Raman imaging 4. Photoacoustic imaging5. Imaging with radio labelled CNTs6. Magnetic resonance imaging with CNTs7. Nuclear imaging8. Prospects and challenges 16 Carbon Nanotubes in Regenerative Medicine 1. Applications of /CNTs in bone regeneration2. Possible mechanisms of increased biocompatibility of CNTs-based scaffolds: the role of adhesive protein adsorption3. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for neural tissue regeneration4. Carbon Nanotubes Directions and Perspectives in Oral Regenerative Medicine5. Regeneration of Other Tissues6. Carbon Nanotube Artificial Muscles 17 Carbon Nanotubes in Cancer therapy 1. Carbon nanotubes and their importance in anticancer drug delivery2. Advantages of carbon nanotubes over conventional cancer therapy3. Methods for opening, filling and capping carbon nanotubes 18 Carbon Nanotube as a multifunctional coating material 1. Multifunctional Coatings with Carbon Nanotubes for Electrostatic Charge Mitigation2. Multifunctional Carbon Nanotube Coatings Used as Strain Sensors3. Carbon coatings for membrane application and catalysis4. anticorrosion coatings for metals 19 Carbon Nanotube based hydrogel and aerogels 1. Carbon Nanotubes Hybrid Hydrogels in Drug Delivery2. For environmental remediation3. CNTs nanocomposite hydrogels preparation4. CNTs Nanocomposite Based Hydrogels for Actuators and Sensors5. CNTs Nanocomposite Based Hydrogels for Effluents Treatment6. CNTs Nanocomposite Based Hydrogels for Biofuel and Solar Cells7. CNTs Nanocomposite Based Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering and Biomedicine8. Conducting CNTs Nanocomposite Based Hydrogels9. aerogels for electronic applications10. MWCNT Aerogels for Sensing11. Composites, catalysis, supercapacitors, substrate for biomaterial growth (bones), filtration, membranes, decontamination, 20 Carbon Nanotubes for Environmental remediation applications 1. Nanosensors for environmental monitoring2. Nanosorbents3. Photocatalysis4. Carbon Nanotubes in Biotechnology 5. Carbon Nanotubes Used for Renewable Energy Applications 21 Anti-microbial and antibacterial properties and other miscellaneous applications of CNT1. Anti-microbial applications of CNT2. Antibacterial applications of CNT3. Solid-phase extraction4. Chromatographic applications 22 Multifunctional applications of CNT based polymer composites 1. Development of multifunctional composites for aerospace application2. Lightweight structural composites with electromagnetic applications3. Transparent wear-resistant multifunctional polymeric nanocoatings4. Multifunctional polymer composites for intelligent structures5. Self-sensing carbon nanotube composites6. Recent advances in shape memory epoxy resins and composites7. The application of carbon nanotube-polymer composite as gas sensing materials8. EMI shielding composites, coatings for enclosures, ESD composites, antistatic materials, conductive coatings, electromagnetic absorption materials for low-observable applications, electrode materials for supercapacitor and fuel cell, etc9. Thermal management materials, such as TIMs, temperature sensors, resistance heating and flame-retardance materials, etc.10. CNT/polymer composites in nanoelectronic and biomedical devices and sensoring, etc. 23 Carbon nanotube research developments: published papers and patents, synthesis and production 1. Publication progress of CNT research2. Carbon Nanotube Fabrication: Patent Analysis3. Carbon Nanotubes in Energy Storage4. Carbon nanotube fiber-reinforced composite structures for EM and lightning strike protection5. The carbon nanotube patent landscape in nanomedicine:6. Carbon nanotube structures in sensor apparatuses 24 Assessment of the risks associated with carbon nanotubes 1. Toxicity of carbon nanotubes2. Factors found to affect CNT toxicity3. Toxicity of CNTs on the lungs4. In Vitro Toxicological Studies of Carbon Nanotubes5. In Vivo Toxicological Studies of Carbon Nanotubes 6. Cytotoxity of functionalized CNTs

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Book SynopsisThis book gives an overview on the fundamentals and recent developments in the field of luminescent materials. Starting from the definitions and properties of phosphors, novel application areas as well as spectroscopic methods for characterization will be described. The reader will benefit from the vast knowledge of the authors with backgrounds in industry as well as academia.

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Book SynopsisMagneto-optics describes in general any interaction between electromagnetic radiation and a material which is magnetized. The book gives a concise but comprehensive introduction to theory, calculus, and typical experimental set-up used in magneto-optics. It includes a variety of practice problems with detailed solutions. The focus lies on the spectral range between near-infrared and near ultraviolet light because it is easily accessible in experiment using standard quartz optics.

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Book SynopsisThe book explains, in an easy way, the diffi cult to grasp concepts behind 2D exotic material properties for physicists, materials scientists, and engineers. This is a new class of phenomena highlighted in 2D materials with strong implications on physics. Physics, also for complex phenomena, is explained in easy terms that are ideal for newcomers to the fi eld and advanced students alike. Theory and specifi c examples of materials and their intriguing properties are discussed focusing on the structure property relationships that govern materials science. Applications for each phenomenon are evoked and a roadmapping is performed.

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Book SynopsisWith nanotechnology being a relatively new field, the questions regarding safety and ethics are steadily increasing with the development of the research. This book aims to give an overview on the ethics associated with employing nanoscience for products with everyday applications. The risks as well as the regulations are discussed, and an outlook for the future of nanoscience on a manufacturer’s scale and for the society is provided. Handbook of Nanoethics is perfect for , academicians and scientist, as well as all other industry professionals and researchers. It is a good introduction for newcomers in the field who do not want to dive deep into the details but are eager to understand the ethical challenges and possible solution related to nanotechnology and ethics.

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Book SynopsisThis new edition of our 2016 book provides insight into designing intelligent materials and structures for special application in engineering. Literature is updated throughout and a new chapter on optics fibers has been added. The book discusses simulation and experimental determination of physical material properties, such as piezoelectric effects, shape memory, electro-rheology, and distributed control for vibrations minimization.

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Book SynopsisThe modernization of science and technology using nanomaterials will open a new paradigm to meet the increasing energy demand. This book provides an in-depth understanding of theoretical perspectives from molecular and atomic levels. The modern analytical techniques explored provide an understanding of the interactions of particles at interfaces. This book gives a holistic view of materials synthesis, analysis, application, and safe handling.

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Book SynopsisThis is an interdisciplinary book for biomimetic nanotechnology, that correlates the biology on the molecular scale with nanotechnology mimicking human senses and movement. The introduction provides the background in life science, chemistry, material science, and engineering needed to understand sensors and movement on the molecular level. The chapters discuss human movement, vision, smell and taste, hearing, and touch. Each chapter explains the sense or movement on the molecular level, then discusses nanotechnology that uses the human molecules or mimics the function of the human sense and movement on the nanoscale. This is an excellent book for senior undergraduates and graduate students in the life sciences, chemistry, material sciences, and engineering. It will also appeal to any reader with an interest in life sciences and nanotechnology.

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Book SynopsisNanotechnology safety is the practice of handling engineered nanomaterials in production and manufacturing. Good practice consists of understanding and interpreting Material Safety Data Sheets, behaving safely when working with yet unknown nanomaterials, understanding health effects, and proactively creating safety measures against potential hazards. This book addresses nanotechnology risk management.

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Book SynopsisEssential oils are simply the volatile oils of plants. These are concentrated liquids contain many terpenes, alkaloids and alcohols etc. Various compounds of essential oils have bioactive properties such as antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-viral and anti-fungal etc. This book describes the sources of essential oils, extraction and production method, characterizing tools, bioactivity, and various applications in the field of industries, daily usage, agriculture, health, and food.

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Book SynopsisNanotechnology refers to the study of manipulating materials on a molecular and atomic scale. This field deals with particles sized between 1 and 100 nanometers, and its unique properties make it applicable in almost all areas. The wide range of applications in nanotechnology highlights its significance in our daily lives. Nanoscience and technology offer innovative solutions to critical issues, benefiting humanity. As such, it is crucial for students, research scholars, and scientists to understand the fundamentals of nano science and technology. The properties of nanomaterials play a vital role in determining their proper application in various fields of science and technology. This book aims to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the basic principles of nano science and technology to help them prepare for future advancements.

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Book SynopsisThe study of manipulating materials on molecular as well as atomic scales is known as Nanotechnology. Nanotechnology deals with matters that are sized in between 1 to 100 nanometers. Nanotechnology is a new field of technology with science at nano levels. Materials behave differently at nano levels while their physical and chemical properties are unique at nano level. Nanotechnology can be applied in almost all the areas. The wide array of applications in nanotechnology has come to show one and all how much importance nanotechnology has in our lives today. Nanoscience and technology provides new ways and means to tackle critical issues and challenges in a very different manner for the benefit of mankind. This has to be understood by students, research scholars and scientists as well. The understanding of the nanomaterials and their properties are very essential for proper application in any field of science and technology. This book is written with an objective that students must understand the basic principles of nano science and technology for their further perspectives.

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Book SynopsisThis definitive volume will provide the reader with up to date information and the most recent science of the fast-evolving area of nanobiotherapeutic-based blood substitutes. Long studied, there are recent updates that make their use in patients more promising, and with one product approved for human use, many more in the pipeline. These include 2nd generations and even third generation ones, the later with enhancement of red blood cell functions. In addition, there are carefully written and referenced updates on the recent history and products in the field, complete with pathophysiologic and pharmacologic studies to validate and verify the efficacy and safety of many of these new products.Table of ContentsUnlimited Potential of Nanobiotechnology Based Blood Substitutes, Artificial Cells and Nanobiotherapeutics (TMS Chang); General: Development and Future of Chinese Transfusion Medicine and Blood Substitutes (J Liu and C Yang); The Clinical Impact of Red Blood Cell Storage: What Have the RCTs Told Us? (CP Stowell); Rational, Evidence-Based Transfusion: A Physiologist's Perspective (GP Biro); Hemoglobin-based Oxygen Carriers, Volume Expansion, Fluid Management and Anemia (TN Estep); Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers: Biotechnology-based Oxygen Carriers (TMS Chang); Hemoglobin-Glutamer 250 (bovine) [HBOC-201, Hemopure (R)] Clinical Use in South Africa and Comprehensive Review of Cardiac Outcomes and Risk/Benefit in Peer-Reviewed, Indexed Studies in Humans and Animal Models (JS Jahr, K Tseng, AP Brown and GP Dube); Immune Safety Evaluation of Polymerized Porcine Hemoglobin (pPolyHb) - Potential Red Blood Cell Substitutes (H Zhu, K Yan, X Dang, H Huang, E Chen, B Chen, Chan Luo, TMS Chang, P Dai and C Chen); Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers and Inhaled Nitric Oxide (B Yu and WM Zapol); Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers and Myocardial Infarction: Assessment of Potential Mechanisms (TN Estep); Insights Into the Possible Mechanisms of Hemoglobin-based Oxygen Carrier-Mediated Bradycardia and Adverse Cardiac Effects Observed in Clinical Trials (HW Kim); Modulation of Oxygen Affinity in Hemoglobin-based Oxygen Carriers (EAM Alomari, L Ronda, S Bettati, A Mozzarelli and S Bruno ); Cysteine Mutations in Recombinant Fetal Hemoglobin Influence Oxidative Side-Reactions (K Kettisen and L Bulow); Analysis of Dimeric A Subunit Exchange between Bis-PEGylated and Native Hemoglobins (T Matsuhira, K Yamamoto and H Sakai); Ring-Opening Polymerization of Hemoglobin Based on Supramolecular Chemistry (T Matsuhira, K Yamamoto and H Sakai); Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers with Antioxidant Activities: Unraveling of Hemoglobin Oxidative Toxicity: Thirty Years of Investigation (AI Alayash ); A Nanobiotechnologic Therapeutic that Transport Oxygen and Removes Oxygen Radicals (TMS Chang); Effects of Crosslinked Polyhemoglobin-Superoxide Dismutase-Catalase on Blood-Brain Barrier and Brain Edema in a Hemorrhagic Shock Transient Global Ischemia Rat Model (DD Powanda and TMS Chang); Strategies to Decrease the Oxidative Toxicity of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers (L Zhoa); Enhancing the Stability of Lumbricus terrestris Erythrocruorin (LtEc) for Use as a Blood Substitute (B Timm and J Elmer); Dual Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidation Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Bovine Hemoglobin (G Chan and TMS Chang); Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers with Enhancement in Both Antioxidant Functions and Carbon Dioxide Transport: Soluble Nanobiotherapeutics with Enhancements of All Three Major Red Blood Cell Functions (TMS Chang); A Novel Nanobiotherapeutical Poly-[Hemoglobin-Superoxide Dismutase-Catalase-Carbonic Anhydrase] with No Cardiac Toxicity for the Resuscitation of a 90-minute Sustained Severe Hemorrhagic Shock Rat Model with Two-third Blood Volume Loss (Y Bian and TMS Chang); Long Term Safety and Immunological Effects of a Nanobiotherapeutic, Bovine Poly-[Hemoglobin-Catalase-Superoxide Dismutase-Carbonic Anhydrase], After Four Weekly 5% Blood Volume Toploading Followed by a Challenge of 30% Exchange Transfusion (G Chen and TMS Chang); Extraction of Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Carbonic Anhydrase from Stroma-free Red Blood Cell Hemolysate for the Preparation of the Nanobiotechnological Complex of PolyHemoglobin-superoxide Dismutase-Catalase-Carbonic anhydrase (C Guo, M Gynn and TMS Chang); Temperature Stability of Poly-[hemoglobin-superoxide Dismutase-Catalase-Carbonic anhydrase] in the Form of a Solution or In the Lyophilized Form During Storage at -80 DegreesC, 4 DegreesC, 25 DegreesC and 37 DegreesC or Pasteurization at 70 DegreesC (Y Bian, C Guo and TMS Chang); Biodegradable and Lipid Membrane Nanoencapsulated Nano-Artificial Cells: Nanotechnology-based Complete Artificial Red Blood Cells (TMS Chang ); Analysis of Polyethylene-Glycol-Polylactide Nano-Dimension Artificial Red Blood Cells in Maintaining Systemic Hemoglobin Levels and Prevention of Methemoglobin Formation (TMS Chang, DD Powanda D and WP Yu); Effects of PEG-PLA-Nano Artificial Cells Containing Hemoglobin on Kidney Function and Renal Histology in Rats (ZC Liu and TMS Chang); Long Term Effects on the Histology and Function of Livers And Spleens in Rats after 33% Toploading of PEG-PLA Nano-Artificial Red Blood Cells (ZC Liu and TMS Chang); Polylactide-Polyethylene Membrane Nanoencapsulated Polyhemoglobin-superoxide Dismutase-Catalase-Carbonic anhydrase. Nano-Artificial Red Blood Cells that Act as O2 and CO2 Carriers with Enhanced Antioxidant Activity (W Gao, Y Bian and TMS Chang); Possibility of Pre-Hospital Resuscitation using Hemoglobin Vesicles for Trauma Hemorrhagic Shock with Coagulopathy - Our Resuscitation Strategy (M Kinoshita and K Hagisawa); Translational Research of Hemoglobin Vesicles (Artificial Red Cells) for a Transfusion Alternative and O2/CO Therapeutics (H Sakai, H Azuma, H Horinouchi and K Kobayashi); Hemoglobin Vesicles as a Transfusion Alternative for Perioperative Hemorrhage in Thoracic Surgery (M Kohno, R Hashimoto, H Onozawa, K Oiwa, H Horinouchi, H Sakai, K Kobayashi and M Iwazaki); Prevention of Methemoglobin Formation in Artificial Red Cells (Hemoglobin-Vesicles) (H Sakai and M Yamada); Carbon Monoxide-Bound Hemoglobin-Vesicles: Current Facts and Potential Medical Applications (K Taguchi, K Matsumoto, H Sakai, T Maruyama and M Otagiri); Influence of Hemoglobin Vesicles on Immune Function (H Azuma, M Fujihara and H Sakai); Cells, Tissues and Organs Preservation: Development of a New HBOC for Liver Allograft Preservation in Combination with Machine Perfusion - Clearing the Wait List (KD Vandegriff, A Malavalli and WR Light); OxyVita (R) Hb: A Step Forward in Delivering Oxygen Carrying Capacity for Therapeutic Applications (H Wollocko, J Harrington, JS Jahr, K Steier and J Wollocko); Functionality of Albumin-Derived Perfluorocarbon-Based Artificial Oxygen Carriers in the Langendorff Heart (KB Ferenz and M Kirsch); Nanobiotherapeutics as Preservation Fluids for Organs and Cells (TMS Chang, W Jiang, F D'Agnillo and S Razack ); Platelet: Polyhemoglobin-Fibrinogen: A Novel Oxygen Carrier with Platelet-like Properties in a Hemodilution Setting (NSW Wong and TMS Chang); Megakaryocytes and Platelets from Novel Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Development of Cell-based Regenerative Medicine (Y Ono-Uruga, K Tozawa, Y Ikeda and Y Matsubara);

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Book SynopsisThis book explains the basic and fundamental aspects of nanotechnology and the potential use of nanostructured photocatalysts in various applications, especially in the context of the environment and energy harvesting. It describes the preparation and characterization of unique nanostructured photocatalysts and provides details of their catalytic action, and also discusses the design of new types of photocatalysts with controlled nanostructures. Given its broad scope, the book will appeal to academic and industrial researchers interested in heterogeneous photocatalysis, sustainable chemistry, energy conversion and storage, nanotechnology, chemical engineering, environmental protection, optoelectronics, sensors and surface and interface science.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book highlights recent advances and evolution of various nanomaterials and their potential in diverse research fields. The book covers the synthesis and characterization of various nanomaterials, followed by discussion on desired applications such as clean and green renewable energy, coating, sensors, thermal applications, microelectronics, biomedical applications such as drug carriers, nutrition, biosensors and detection of cancer cells. The chapters in this book not only illustrate the capability of nanomaterials in such novel usages but also reveal their potential drawbacks and the possible ways to overcome the pitfalls. The book covers interdisciplinary research advancement of nanomaterials, beneficial for researchers and professionals working in both science and engineering.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Nanomaterials: An Introduction Chapter 2: Carbon-based Nanomaterials: Fullerene, Nanotubes and Carbon Dots Chapter 3: Recent developments in Graphene-based Nanomaterials Chapter 4: Metal Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Prospective Applications Chapter 5: Nanometal Oxides: Progress and Utilization in Various Fields Chapter 6: Magnetic Nanomaterials: Current Scenario and Future Possibilities Chapter 7: Layered Chalcogenides: Evolution from Bulk to Nano-dimension for Renewable Energy Perspectives Chapter 8: Recent Escalations in MXenes: from Fundamental to Applications Chapter 9: Semiconductor Nanocomposites: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives Chapter 10: Polymer Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Characterization and Recent Applications Chapter 11: Nanomaterials Advancement towards the Biomedical Applications Chapter 12: Nanomaterials for health and nutrition of livestock: Recent developments, limitations and opportunities

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the selected papers presented at the Third International Congress of Applied Chemistry & Environment (ICACE–3) that took place on May 27-29, 2022. The topics of the conference covers topics from the thematic sections: (1) Environment and Climate Change; (2) Green Chemistry and Natural Substances; (3) Biobased Materials and Nanomaterials; (4) Sustainable Textiles and Clean Processes. For this edition of the conference, it is devoted to present the advantage to use annual plants and/or lignocellulose material as sources for production of fibers and/or cellulose derivatives and/or nanocellulose material with focus on their processing, properties and applications. This book benefits lecturers, students, researchers and industrialists who are working in the field of natural fiber especially in order to preserve the forest resource and to satisfy the increasing demand in pulps.Table of ContentsAntibacterial activity of polyamide and high-density polyethylene nets grafted with polyethylene glycol.- Ecofriendly Extraction of Natural Dye From Waste of Cucurbita Pepo Using Assisted Microwave Method.- Adsorption studies of atrazine herbicide from aqueous solutions using Typha australis as an inexpensive adsorbent: A preliminary investigation.- Use of nanofluid to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic panel.- Kinetic study of dyeing (PET/PTT) bicomponent polyester textiles using ecofriendly carriers.- Preliminary Physicochemical and Phytochemical Study of Seeds of Ziziph us mauritiana.- Effect of some parameters on the efficiency of solar distiller.- Reuse of grain waste as abrasive particles.- Tear strength properties of recycled denim fabrics under mixed washing using Smart Foam technology.- Study of Solar Heating process of Greenhouse in the Gabès Region.- Ergonomic study and work transformation in a clothing industry.

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