Migration, immigration and emigration Books

Book SynopsisAs immigrants settle in new places, they are faced with endless uncertainties that prevent them from feeling that they belong. From language barriers, to differing social norms, to legal boundaries separating them from established residents, they are constantly navigating shifting and contradictory expectations both to assimilate to their new culture and to honor their native one. In A Place to Call Home, Ernesto Castañeda offers a uniquely comparative portrait of immigrant expectations and experiences. Drawing on fourteen years of ethnographic observation and hundreds of interviews with documented and undocumented immigrants and their children, Castañeda sets out to determine how different locations can aid or disrupt the process of immigrant integration. Focusing on New York City, Paris, and Barcelona—immigration hubs in their respective countries—he compares the experiences of both Latino and North African migrants, and finds that subjective understandings, local contexts, national and regional history, and religious institutions are all factors that profoundly impact the personal journey to belonging.Trade Review"Based on extensive fieldwork in three immigrant-receiving cities, this book provides a rich first-hand look at how immigrants adapt and react to different contexts of reception and how these contexts affect long-term outcomes for their foreign-origin populations. A valuable and original contribution to the study of immigration and ethnicity." -- Alejandro Portes * Princeton University *"This brilliant transnational ethnography illuminates how immigrants constantly negotiate their host communities and their native ones. An astounding fourteen years of painstaking fieldwork provide a one-of-a-kind look at the lives of undocumented and documented immigrants within international, national, and community contexts. This social science masterpiece provides a definitive analysis on what must be done to improve the integration process for vulnerable immigrant populations." -- Victor M. Rios * University of California, Santa Barbara *"A Place to Call Home deepens our knowledge of how place matters in shaping immigrant integration. This book is an important contribution to the study of immigration and cities and leads to more interesting questions...The insights uncovered by this work have important implications for designing better policy for welcoming immigrants into cities."––Jackelyn Hwang, American Journal of Sociology"[Castañeda] develops a rich dialogue between prior research, survey respondents, and ethnographic insights for each city. A Place to Call Home will make an appealing addition to undergraduate or graduate courses in sociology, politics, immigration, citizenship, religion, and ethnic studies."–– Stephen P. Ruszczyk, Sociological Forum

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Book SynopsisPublic discourse on Asian parenting tends to fixate on ethnic culture as a static value set, disguising the fluidity and diversity of Chinese parenting. Such stereotypes also fail to account for the challenges of raising children in a rapidly modernizing world, full of globalizing values. In Raising Global Families, Pei-Chia Lan examines how ethnic Chinese parents in Taiwan and the United States negotiate cultural differences and class inequality to raise children in the contexts of globalization and immigration. She draws on a uniquely comparative, multisited research model with four groups of parents: middle-class and working-class parents in Taiwan, and middle-class and working-class Chinese immigrants in the Boston area. Despite sharing a similar ethnic cultural background, these parents develop class-specific, context-sensitive strategies for arranging their children's education, care, and discipline, and for coping with uncertainties provoked by their changing surroundings. Lan's cross-Pacific comparison demonstrates that class inequality permeates the fabric of family life, even as it takes shape in different ways across national contexts.Trade Review"Pei-Chia Lan makes an extraordinary contribution to contemporary scholarship on parenting strategies by demonstrating how ethnic culture and social class interact within four different social groups spanning two geographic regions. As she does, she illuminates complex processes such as globalization and transnationalism, making this a superb book for classroom use."—Margaret K. Nelson, author of Parenting Out of Control: Anxious Parents in Uncertain Times"Raising Global Families dispels the myth of the tiger mom, telling a compelling story of parenting that is less about unique cultures than about the forces of globalization. Through thoughtful and meticulous analysis of ethnographic data in transnational contexts, Pei-Chia Lan demonstrates how Chinese parents in Taiwan and the United States cope with their intensified feelings of ambivalence and insecurity and how this surfaces in childrearing. This study advances the understanding of parenting beyond the family and local milieus."—Min Zhou, University of California, Los Angeles"Lan's insightful and skillfully-written book offers an intimate glimpse into the lives of Taiwanese families in Taiwan and the United States who endeavor to raise upwardly-mobile children. This is a must-read for all who seek to understand family, class, and mobility in the age of global capitalism."—Carolyn Chen, University of California, Berkeley"This book is a worthy study not only for "global families" but also for all families.Highly recommended."—CHOICE"Lan's methodological design is ambitious and analytically innovative; it is cross-national, cross-class, and multi-method...Global Families offers an invaluable take on parenting practices...Lan makes a convincing case that future studies of immigrant parenting strategies in the United States must consider these cross-national, cross-class ties in their analyses."––Tiffany J. Huang and Jennifer Lee, Social Forces"Raising Global Families is engaging, and Lan's analysis is detailed and nuanced. The readability and rigorousness of this book make it attractive not only to students and scholars with interests in Migration, Globalization, Pedagogy, Class and Culture, as well as Chinese studies, but also to nonacademic readership, such as policy makers and others who are interested in fostering their children's global competitiveness."––Yu-chin Tseng, China Review International"Raising Global Families dismantles the belief in a blanket Asian parenting culture, showing instead how the practice of parenting varies across social classes and national contexts and transforms over time."—Yn Lê Espiritu, American Journal of Sociology"This is a must-read book for scholars of education, immigration, globalisation and class stratification, as well as any parents, students or educational practitioners who are interested in learning more about unequal childhood and parents' struggles to raise a global child in a transnational context."—Siqi Tu, The Sociological ReviewTable of ContentsIntroduction: Anxious Parents in Global Times 1. Transpacific Flows of Ideas and People 2. Taiwanese Middle Class: Raising Global Children 3. Taiwanese Working Class: Affirming Parental Legitimacy 4. Immigrant Middle Class: Raising Confident Children 5. Immigrant Working Class: Reframing Family Dynamics Conclusion: In Search of Security

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Book SynopsisWhether motivated by humanitarianism or concern over "porous" borders, dominant commentary on migration in Europe has consistently focused on clandestine border crossings. Much less, however, is known about the everyday workings of immigration law inside borders. Drawing on in-depth ethnographic fieldwork in Italy, one of Europe's biggest receiving countries, Rules, Paper, Status moves away from polarized depictions to reveal how migration processes actually play out on the ground. Anna Tuckett highlights the complex processes of inclusion and exclusion produced through encounters with immigration law. The statuses of "legal" or "illegal," which media and political accounts use as synonyms for "good" and "bad," "worthy" and "unworthy," are not created by practices of border-crossing, but rather through legal and bureaucratic processes within borders devised by governing states. Taking migrants' interactions with immigration regimes as its starting point, this book sheds light on the productive nature of legal and bureaucratic encounters and the unintended consequences they produce. Rules, Paper, Status argues that successfully navigating Italian immigration bureaucracy, which is situated in an immigration regime that is both exclusionary and flexible, requires and induces culturally specific modes of behavior. Exclusionary laws, however, can transform this social and cultural learning into the very thing that endangers migrants' right to live in the country. Trade Review"This compelling book transports the reader into the maze of immigration law enforcement in Italy. A must-read for immigration scholars and anyone interested in the day-to-day workings of street-level bureaucrats and the myriad ways they make law and in the process, transform immigrants into 'cultural citizens.'" -- Kitty Calavita * University of California, Irvine *"Anna Tuckett's lively and engaging book sheds new light on the confused relationship between migrants and Italian state bureaucracy, and the gaps between formal law and 'practical stuff.' Rules, Paper, Status makes a vital contribution to our understanding of the bureaucratic and legal anomalies produced by the current 'moral panic' in Europe concerning immigration." -- Anthony Good * University of Edinburgh *"[Tuckett's] findings show that, paradoxically, even while migrants develop cultural skills in navigating bureaucratic norms, these abilities do not challenge the larger exclusionary views and practices of the Italian state and society....Tuckett's clear, concise writing makes this book an excellent gateway to a critical topic treated with analytical rigor....Highly recommended." -- A.H. Fabos * CHOICE *"By focusing on the sinewy and unstable ties between migrants and their legal status, [Tuckett] offers a rich analysis of legal and bureaucratic practices that shape migrants' economic and political opportunities as well as their social and cultural life in Italy.[Rules, Paper Status] provides a crucial contribution to theorizing about citizenship in European countries and the hegemonic discourse of integration."––Veronica Ferrari, Allegra"Rules, Paper, Status is a timely and relevant contribution to understanding the workings of the state beyond discourses of border enforcement....[it] speaks to a broader readership, including academics and state officials, and contributes to contemporary discussions on studying the 'state' at street level." -- Lisa Marie Borelli * Anthropology in Action *"Rules, Papers, Status is a vivid journey into the workaday functioning of the Italian 'documentation regime'[It] poignantly depicts a country that seems unable to come to terms with its migrants." -- Tiziana Caponio * International Migration Review *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction chapter abstractThis chapter examines the historical trajectory of Italian immigration law and the political and economic context from which it emerges. In general migrants have not been welcomed into Italian society, but low birth rates and a high aging population make their presence crucial. Italian immigration law, which is a curious mixture between harsh and exclusionary policies and frequent large-scale legalizations, embodies this ambiguous attitude towards migrants. This chapter argues that equal attention must be given to processes relating to "legalization" as to those relating to "illegalization" when considering migrants' experiences of "legal" and "illegal" statuses. While other studies on experiences of immigration law tend to focus on migrants' experiences of uncertainty, this focus on the bureaucratic and documentary practices of immigration provides insights on alternative affective dimensions of immigration law and its material artefacts. 1The Center chapter abstractThis chapter introduces the book's central fieldsite: a trade union affiliated migrant advice center which provides support and assistance to migrants in their completion of application forms, as well as navigation of the immigration bureaucracy more generally. Trade unions have a central function in the Italian welfare state, and the center's role in completing migrants' application forms is closely connected to this. Although affiliated to the trade union, in the eyes of its visitors, and in practice, the center's role is often blurred with that of the Questura (Immigration Office) and the state in general. Because the center acts as a mediator between migrants and the Questura, the assistance which clients received could determine application outcomes. Not all staff members were equally able or interested in migration matters, however, and the quality of assistance they provided was highly variable. 2Working the Gap: Migrants' Navigation of Immigration Bureaucracy chapter abstractThrough gripping case studies, this chapter illustrates how everyday experiences with Italian immigration bureaucracy are characterized by uncertainty, arbitrariness, and frustration. By closely examining migrants' bureaucratic encounters, however, the chapter reveals that the bureaucracy's arbitrary and uncertain nature also makes it flexible and relatively easy to manipulate. By engaging in effective strategies of navigation, migrants are able to manipulate the law's loopholes and aid the acceptance of applications. Tracing migrants' strategies, this chapter argues that "formal" and "informal" spheres are interdependent and symbiotic: migrants, brokers, advisers, and officials all must engage in "informal" and extra-legal practices in order to successfully navigate the immigration bureaucracy. 3The Rules of Rule-Bending chapter abstractThis chapter argues that rule bending is revealing of broader attitudes to the state and bureaucracy in Italy which, through their bureaucratic encounters, migrants also come to hold. Bureaucratic engagements are thus forms of citizen-making. Socially acceptable rule-breaking, however, is accompanied by strict compliance with proceduralism in relation to paperwork. Successfully navigating the immigration bureaucracy requires expertise in the management of documents: paper trails must seem authentic even if false. Yet, given the documented nature of migrants' lives, rule-bending in one application can potentially create problems in others, meaning that even skillful rule-bending can result in high risks for migrants, such as the loss of legal status or foreclosing the attainment of citizenship. There thus exists a mismatch between a migrant's social knowledge – which is required to navigate the bureaucracy – and exclusionary citizenship laws that make this embeddedness precarious. 4Becoming an Immigration Adviser: Self-Fashioning through Bureaucratic Practice chapter abstractThis chapter focuses on the role of community brokers – informal immigration advisers with migrant backgrounds – and shows how they style themselves as bureaucratic experts. Doing so enables these brokers to develop new subjectivities and fashion themselves in affective terms. Becoming advisers enables them a degree of professionalism, helps them gain standing in their community, satisfies charitable impulses, and places them center stage in the fight for social justice. Crucially, the role of a community broker offers possibilities for gaining social status that are generally not otherwise available to migrants in Italy. 5Disjuncture in the Documentation Regime: The Second Generation's Challenge to Citizenship Law chapter abstractReflecting on the second generation's experiences of immigration bureaucracy, this chapter considers the contradictory and divergent affects of immigration law encounters. If dealings with the immigration bureaucracy produce opportunities for first-generation migrants and their advisers, for the second-generation they create upset and disjuncture. This generation is the most vulnerable group in terms of immigration policies as its members may suddenly find themselves as "undocumented immigrants" after turning 18, due to Italy's jus sanguinis nationality policy. Their sense of ease and integration in Italian society make them strangers to the immigration bureaucracy which – due to restrictive immigration and citizenship laws – they are nonetheless subject. The disjuncture made apparent through the second generation's subjection to immigration law highlights the profound injustices and inequalities that such laws create for all migrants. 6Stepping-Stone Destinations: Migration and Disappointment chapter abstractThis chapter explores migrants' feelings of disappointment about their migration trajectory in Italy and their desire to leave the country. The disappointment of those who aspire to migrate but ultimately never leave their homelands has been extensively discussed in migration studies literature. The chapter places the focus on those who have migrated but who still feel as though they have failed due to their lack of onward mobility from Italy. Focusing on the feelings of disappointment and personal failure experienced by those who have already migrated, it highlights the differentiated inclusion of migrants into the global marketplace. The desire to leave Italy, whether imagined or acted upon, shows how the mobility enabled by neoliberal globalization reproduces hierarchies within the EU. By viewing Italy as a mere stepping stone in a longer trajectory, migrants – both those who leave and those who remain – conceptualize the country as an inferior destination. Conclusion: chapter abstractDrawing the preceding chapters together, this conclusion argues that the "border spectacle" (De Genova 2002) produces a lopsided view of migration by obscuring how immigration policies relate to broader political and economic processes of contemporary migration and globalization. Situating migrants' navigation of the documentation regime in relation to these process, the chapter argues that migrants' maneuvering provides them with only meagre benefits, while employers, lawyers, policy makers, and other stakeholders within the immigration nexus reap the rewards. The final section of the conclusion reflects on what policies could improve the current situation in light of the problems identified.

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Book SynopsisMore than 35 million Chinese people live outside China, but this population is far from homogenous, and its multifaceted national affiliations require careful theorization. This book unravels the multiple, shifting paths of global migration in Chinese society today, challenging a unilinear view of migration by presenting emigration, immigration, and re-migration trajectories that are occurring continually and simultaneously. Drawing on interviews and ethnographic observations conducted in China, Canada, Singapore, and the China–Myanmar border, Elaine Lynn-Ee Ho takes the geographical space of China as the starting point from which to consider complex patterns of migration that shape nation-building and citizenship, both in origin and destination countries. She uniquely brings together various migration experiences and national contexts under the same analytical framework to create a rich portrait of the diversity of contemporary Chinese migration processes. By examining the convergence of multiple migration pathways across one geographical region over time, Ho offers alternative approaches to studying migration, migrant experience, and citizenship, thus setting the stage for future scholarship. Trade Review"Migration practices in the globalized world are changing the ways we understand resettlement, citizenship, identity, and the sense of home. Elaine Ho's multi-sited ethnographic study offers a sophisticated analysis of the challenges and opportunities for belonging and states' management of cultural diversity in China, Canada, and Singapore today." -- Min Zhou * University of California, Los Angeles, and editor, Contemporary Chinese Diasporas *"Citizens in Motion is a pathbreaking study on contemporary migrations to and from China. It provides an instructive model on capturing the multiplicity of contemporaneous migrations that link nation-states while expanding our breadth of knowledge on questions of citizenship for transnational subjects and troubling assumptions of co-ethnic allegiance. This book is a must-read for specialists of China, migration, and racial ethnic studies across disciplines." -- Rhacel Salazar Parreñas * author of Servants of Globalization: Migration and Domestic Work *"Citizens in Motion is an invaluable contribution to literature on Chinese migration and diaspora, and wider migration studies more broadly, for several reasons: its expansive, multi-sited methodology; the varied Chinese diasporic histories woven into the present; and the conceptual frameworks she deploys, like those of 'citizenship constellations' and 'Tianxia', which complicate our understandings of mobility, belonging, difference and the state."––Caroline Faria & Devon Hsiao, Space and Polity"Citizens in Motion makes several significant interventions in a dynamic field, offering a much-welcomed update. Students and scholars of Chinese migration and society will find Ho's new book highly enlightening regarding our transnational present and the new visions we need."––Shelley Chan, The China Quarterly"[This] book is a timely production enriching the expanding scholarship on new Chinese migration. It offers an understanding of the diverse trends and directions of contemporary migrations from China and raises important questions regarding cultural and economic citizenship." -- Yuk Wah Chan * China Information *"This richly documented and theoretically provocative study is a timely and important contribution to the literature on migration journeys, showing how these transform transnational subjects and states alike. It will appeal to a broad interdisciplinary readership concerned with the questions of migration, citizenship, and ethnicity far beyond Chinese studies." -- Elena Barabsentva * The China Journal *"In Citizens in Motion, Elaine Ho...[argues] for an approach that transcends place-time snapshots in theorisations of migration and citizenship....[This] book offers a rich and complex narrative, and much food for thought for theorisations of migration and citizenship." -- Sin Yee Koh * Asian Journal of Social Science *"The conceptual framework and future directions identified by this book are aspects that scholars of overseas Chinese studies and history can learn from, especially in terms of how the book emphasises local contexts and their uniqueness, as well as the expansive analytical framework it adopts." -- Guo Mei Fen * The International Journal of Diaspora Chinese Studies *"Ho emphasizes both temporality and spatiality by drawing out the implications of multidirectional Chinese migrations and the multiple national configurations through which migrants might claim inclusion and, in turn, be claimed by various diasporas. Such multiply relocated migrants illustrate the strengths of Ho's approach." -- Madeine Y. Hsu * Cross-Currents *"Citizens in Motion should be commended for pushing the boundaries of transnationalism scholarship, and for its stimulating and insightful engagements with interdisciplinary debates on deterritorialized citizenship, multiculturalism, and, of course, Chinese diaspora....I think it is fair to say that Ho has produced a book ofexceptional quality and scholarly contribution." -- Dominic Meng-Hsuan Yang * Journal of Asian Studies *"[This book] adds new and hitherto unexplored dimensions to ideas of 'multiculturalism' and 'belonging', highlighting the complexity of ethnic identity, migration and temporality....It is thought-provoking and richly informative and essential reading for anyone interested in understanding the contemporary Chinese diaspora." -- Johanna Waters * Social and Cultural Geography *"Citizens in Motion is a welcome reorientation of migration studies' conventional cartographies....[It] illuminates how migrant mobilities are animated through the entanglements of national integration and extraterritorial citizenship that differentiate the kinds of attachments and identities held by migrants." -- Ishan Ashutosh * Dialogues in Human Geography *"Ho is a skilful qualitative researcher who draws out rich data from her exhaustive fieldwork research, including interviews, participant observation, media analysis and analysis of other textual and visual sources." -- Liu Liangni Sally * Dialogues in Human Geography *"Works on international migration emphasize the mobility and flexibility brought about by transnationality, but they seldom discuss the conceptual and methodological challenges of understanding the (in)variability and multiplicity of identity and membership. Citizens in Motion promotes an approach that stresses the accretion of identities rather than the displacement of one identity for another." -- Pu Hao * Dialogues in Human Geography *Table of ContentsContents and Abstracts1Migration and Citizenship chapter abstractThis chapter considers the way that multidirectional migration flows are transforming national citizenship and its territorial premises. Eschewing the tendency to study emigration and immigration as discrete fields, it proposes an approach that brings together seemingly distinct emigration, immigration, and re-migration trends under an analytical framework known as contemporaneous migration. This approach illuminates how citizenship formations in different national contexts are increasingly drawn into a constellation of relations, situating the migration and citizenship politics of national societies in a trans-territorial context. The chapter contextualizes developments in Chinese emigration and immigration to China in wider theoretical debates on emigration and diaspora, citizenship and territory, immigrant integration and re-migration, and ethnicity and co-ethnicity. It signals the multifaceted aspects of migration that interconnect China with migration sites globally, changing citizenship norms and practices. 2Chinese Re-migration chapter abstractCounter-diasporic migration, or the return of diasporic descendants to an ancestral land, has become a global trend. This chapter troubles linear narratives of emigration and immigration by examining the re-migration of diasporic descendants, focusing on Chinese diasporic descendants in Malaya, Indonesia, and Vietnam who were compelled to leave due to persecution between 1949 and 1979, a period of the inauguration of communist rule in China. The Chinese state resettled the refugees in state-owned farms and labeled them as "returnees," legitimizing its reach toward the diaspora. But the social realities they experienced expose contestations over presumed kinship and co-ethnicity. After 1978 China's diaspora strategizing shifted from privileging co-ethnicity to encouraging foreign investment and skills transfer to benefit national development. This discussion foregrounds how citizenship formations in China were intimately connected to the experiences of the Chinese abroad and those who re-migrated to the ancestral land. 3Citizenship Across the Life Course chapter abstractAnalyzing emigration, immigration, and re-migration concurrently, under the framework of contemporaneous migration, directs us toward evaluating what it means to stake claims to different components of citizenship in more than one political community across a migrant's life course. This chapter examines the way the Mainland Chinese migrants negotiate social reproduction concerns that extend across international borders, their multiple national affiliations, and aspirations for recognition and rights as they journey between China and Canada across the life course. Patterns of re-migration are transforming the social relations of citizenship, re-spatializing rights, obligations, and belonging. Source and destination countries are also reversed during repeated re-migration or transnational sojourning. Transnational sojourning forges citizenship constellations that interlink how migrants understand and experience citizenship across different migration sites. 4Multiple Diasporas chapter abstractThis chapter examines how fraternity and alterity operate in contradictory ways under conditions of contemporaneous migration. While fraternity connotes membership in a national community, alterity refers to the state of being different or the process of "Othering." The chapter focuses on Singapore as a hub, where concurrent immigration and emigration flows are creating new postcolonial nation-building challenges. Contemporary immigration from China is juxtaposed against past migration from the same ancestral land, generating both co-ethnic and inter-ethnic tensions in a multicultural society. With growing numbers of Singaporeans now moving abroad, Singapore has also become a country that seeks to assert an extraterritorial reach over its emigrants. The multidirectional migration flows evinced in Singapore exemplify how states and national societies invoke temporal framings to prioritize natal ties that are based on selected versions of territorial belonging, memory, and culture. 5China at Home and Abroad chapter abstractStudying the interface of distinct yet interrelated migration trends through the framework of contemporaneous migration allows us to conceptualize both inter-ethnic and co-ethnic relations in culturally diverse societies. The Chinese worldview of tianxia informs understanding of the multidirectional migration patterns that reflect and impact China's domestic management of ethnic diversity and its external relations. This chapter argues that contemporaneous migration further illuminates three dimensions of alterity, namely alterity as phenotypical difference, as the diversification of co-ethnicity, and as spatial recalibration. It interfaces African immigration to China with the re-migration of Chinese diasporic descendants to the ancestral land, and the emigration of ethnic minorities in China. Such an analytical approach reveals how fraternity and alterity operate within and across ethnic categories in transnational contexts. 6Contemporaneous Migration chapter abstractThis chapter shows how the analytical framework of contemporaneous migration allows an examination of citizenship constellations that are forged across migration sites. It draws together key themes that emerge from this approach, namely on citizenship and territory, fraternity and alterity, and the co-constitution of time and space. The chapter further signals the new research directions that contemporaneous migration brings to overseas Chinese studies or research on the "Chinese diaspora," and to the Chinese worldview of tianxia in relation to notions of cosmopolitanism. It also sets out the methods through which contemporaneous migration can be studied.

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Book SynopsisBorders of Belonging investigates a pressing but previously unexplored aspect of immigration in America—the impact of immigration policies and practices not only on undocumented migrants, but also on their family members, some of whom possess a form of legal status. Heide Castañeda reveals the trauma, distress, and inequalities that occur daily, alongside the stratification of particular family members' access to resources like education, employment, and health care. She also paints a vivid picture of the resilience, resistance, creative responses, and solidarity between parents and children, siblings, and other kin. Castañeda's innovative ethnography combines fieldwork with individuals and family groups to paint a full picture of the experiences of mixed-status families as they navigate the emotional, social, political, and medical difficulties that inevitably arise when at least one family member lacks legal status. Exposing the extreme conditions in the heavily-regulated U.S./Mexico borderlands, this book presents a portentous vision of how the further encroachment of immigration enforcement would affect millions of mixed-status families throughout the country.Trade Review"In this superior work of scholarship, Heide Castañeda allows readers to experience the sorrow, pain, and trauma current immigration laws and practices have inflicted not just on undocumented migrants, but also on their family members with some form of legal status. Engaging and brilliantly observed, Borders of Belonging makes an incredibly timely and policy-relevant argument about the interlocking fates within mixed-status families. This book is poised for instant success within and beyond the classroom." -- Roberto G. Gonzales * author of Lives in Limbo: Undocumented and Coming of Age in America *"This book's investigations into sibling relationships, the Rio Grande region, and the impacts of illegalization on U.S. citizen family members is important and original. Through the use of compassionate personal narratives, Castañeda humanizes the anguish and resilience of the book's protagonists. An essential and engrossing read." -- Susan Bibler Coutin * University of California, Irvine *"Borders of Belonging is a brilliant, powerful, unprecedented book. It is an absolute must read for everyone. This book is critical not only for all who are interested in immigration in the United States and around the world, but also for anyone who cares about families, children, and parents. Castañeda skillfully portrays real families in the Rio Grande Valley who are navigating the unintended, harmful consequences of immigration and social policies, displaying their deep compassion and care for one another. As they experience powerful discrimination and racism, these families display resilience and solidarity across lines of difference, actively resisting inequality in their midst. The families and individuals—immigrants and citizens—whom the reader comes to know in these pages offer us all models for a more healthy and equal society and teach us important lessons for our communities, schools, health care systems, and public policies." -- Seth M. Holmes * author of Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies: Migrant Farmworkers in the United States *"This work powerfully and effectively addresses the situation of undocumented migrants to the United States caught up in the larger political crisis of immigration policies and enforcement. This inspired and moving work of ethnography is cast at the level of everyday life and the complexities of undocumented status, though the author fully grasps the formal levels of policy making and enforcement that led to such difficult challenges for families in the Rio Grande borderlands...Recommended."––G. E. Marcus, CHOICE"One of Castañeda's contributions lies in legitimizing the family as a uniform social unit with potential for action and adaptation in the face of adverse conditions. By positing the family as a mediator of culture, Castañeda redefines the boundaries of social life and the ways they can be understood to gauge the impacts of policies that, though aimed at individuals, inevitably affect those around them."––Javier Porras Madera, NACLA Report on the Americas"Borders of Belonging illuminates a poorly understood aspect of life in a way that is compelling, clear, theoretically and methodologically grounded, timely and compassionate....essential reading for anyone who wishes to understand the complex and layered human experience of immigration in the United States today." -- Faidra Papavasiliou * General Anthropology *"Drawing on meticulous ethnographic interviews with various members of families in the Rio Grande Valley, Castañeda tells a fascinating story, nuanced and attentive to the specifics of the geographic region of 'the Valley'....Future research should build off this excellent work and document similarities and differences across varying geographic and local contexts throughout the United States and, perhaps, around the world." -- Joanna Dreby * Social Forces *"Borders of Belonging is an essential read for anyone seeking to understand the lived experience of US immigration laws and their enforcement....[An] insightful examination into both the visible and invisible effects of US immigration policy." -- Jane Lilly López * Journal of American Ethnic History *"Borders of Belongingis a policy-relevant and accessible piece of work that provides extremely significant insight in the spill-over effects of tightened border control and draconian migration policies. Through vivid descriptions of the harmful consequences of these policies, the book attests to the ways in which family members become the 'collateral damages' of these politics of migration. I appreciate Heide Castañeda's commitment to bringing to life the daily reality of mixed-status families as they navigate borders, belonging and family-life." -- Elsemieke van Osch * Border Criminologies *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction: Illegality and the Immigrant Family chapter abstractThis chapter lays out the three main arguments of the book: (1) that the construction of "illegality" for some members in a family influences opportunities and resources for all, including legal residents and U.S. citizens; (2) that people are not simply passive victims of this circumstance, but are resilient and creative, and mobilize to challenge its effects; and (3) that the incorporation experiences of mixed-status families are significantly framed by place, in this case the U.S.–Mexico border region. The chapter defines "mixed-status" families as those comprised of at least one undocumented member and at least one other person with any authorized legal status or transitional status. It also describes the study methods and outlines the chapters of the book. 1Belonging in the Borderlands chapter abstractThis chapter examines how local context uniquely shapes pathways of incorporation and the everyday experiences of mixed-status families. Local configurations of laws, practices, and attitudes reflect how specific geographic settings provide unique mobilities, resources, opportunities, and disadvantages. Place matters. The chapter examines the geographic, cultural, and political landscape of the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas, which in some ways may be viewed as a pocket of inclusion because of its ethnic makeup, the dominance of the Spanish language, and its strong binational frame of reference. However, the historical marginalization and illegalization of Mexican migration through U.S. immigration laws provide an important backdrop for understanding the experience of illegality for families. This is strengthened by relentless and constant surveillance associated with the militarized border, including checkpoints that supplement and intensify interior enforcement. 2United Yet Divided: Mixed-Status Family Dynamics chapter abstractThis chapter examines the dynamics of mixed-status families, including shared norms, interpersonal tensions, and systems of mutual support. As legal status stratifies the household, creating divisions and even resentment, the central pattern is nonetheless family unity. Family relationships necessarily challenge simplistic distinctions between citizens and immigrants, and underscore the impossibility of assigning rigid juridical categories to entangled social lives. Juxtaposing the perspectives of various members within the same family illustrates how those experiences played out in complex ways. Mutual support is critical, and certain family members take on specific roles. Finally, the progress of the entire family and the social mobility of subsequent generations are viewed as linked to children's educational success. 3"Little Lies": Disclosure and Relationships Beyond the Family chapter abstractThis chapter turns outward to explore relationships between mixed-status families and others in their communities. Disclosure—that is, to whom, when, and why people talk about their own or their family's status—is a major concern, with both undocumented persons and U.S. citizens describing "little lies," acts of concealment, and feeling as if they must live a double life. Even close friendships and intimate romantic relationships are affected, as those in mixed-status families face difficulties adhering to normative expectations of dating and courtship. Disclosure is weighed against the possible repercussions, including stigmatization, discrimination, ridicule, and fear of denunciation by friends, lovers, neighbors, co-workers, and even other family members. Finally, the chapter explores empowered disclosure, or strategic "coming out" as undocumented, and its role in creating new identities and political subjectivities. 4Estamos Encerrados: Im/mobilities in the Borderlands chapter abstractThis chapter focuses on spatial restrictions to mobility, including the various checkpoints, the fear of driving that exposes people to apprehension, and the racialization of illegality and its effects on inspection practices. Legal status within the family becomes embodied as stratified forms of mobility. Many people are relegated to life within this small strip along the border, and describe feeling "trapped in a cage." The geographies of policing mobility in the border region are distinct by virtue of the constraints of the international border, the 100-mile buffer zone, and specific enforcement practices. Due to shifting legal terrains and requirements, a range of legal driving opportunities often coexist within a single family. For everyday driving practice and during inspection at one of the many checkpoints, racialization is a recurring theme. The chapter shows how fear, anxiety, and pressure are all part of the affective nature of the dynamic borderlands. 5Additional Borders: Education, Work, and Social Mobility chapter abstractThis chapter examines the social mobility of children who grow up in mixed-status families, including the barriers and secondary borders they encounter as they try to go to college, obtain jobs, and become independent. Early experiences in schools are generally inclusive and positive, but this shifts in high school and with the pressures of applying for and attending college. Youth living in the borderlands may be unable or unwilling to attend college in the nation's interior, past the Border Patrol checkpoints, including U.S. citizens who restrict themselves from moving away from undocumented family members, thus affecting their own social mobility. Financial barriers, discrimination, and feelings of alienation coexist alongside educational success in college. Rarely explored elsewhere has been young adults' desire to enlist in the U.S. military or Border Patrol; both are common career paths in this region with few alternative well-paying jobs. 6Unequal Access: Health and Well-Being chapter abstractSimply being part of a mixed-status family can result in poorer health and unequal access to care, creating hierarchies between individual family members. Health policies have multiple direct and indirect impacts specifically on these families, including their hesitancy to enroll citizen children in programs due to fear of deportation or to avoid jeopardizing chances of future regularization. As formal systems fail to meet the needs of a large segment of the population, alternative and informal channels of care proliferate, including illicit medications, unlicensed providers, and home treatments. Heavy border enforcement impacts mixed-status families when specialty care is required outside the region, as well as exacerbating stress and anxiety. Some families avoid enrolling eligible members in programs as notions of "deservingness" are internalized. This has a chilling effect that extends to U.S. citizens, meaning that they are discouraged from the exercise of their rights, a form of "multigenerational punishment." 7Family Separation: Deportation, Removal, and Return chapter abstractThis chapter examines family separation through deportation, illustrating how the detention and deportation of relatives shapes children's sense of security and well-being, and increases economic uncertainty in the household. The chapter follows several families whose members have experienced deportation, as well as the elaborate "emergency planning" measures they develop in case of family separation. This shifts household power dynamics, empowering citizen children in a complex micropolitical economy of deportability. Finally, the chapter explores how deported family members are brought back, reliant upon on ties in Mexico, connections to smugglers, and their ability to pay. Geographic context changes the landscape of deportability, making security much more precarious in the borderlands than in other parts of the United States. 8Fixing Papers: Status Adjustment in Mixed-Status Families chapter abstractMixed-status families have an intimate relationship with the law, most evident when individuals undergo regularization, or "fix their papers." Law impacts family bonds in distinct ways, often shifting or reversing power relations between parents and children. It also empowers children, who finally feel they have agency and control over their family's destiny. The chapter also provides rich stories of DACA recipients in their transition from undocumented to "DACAmented," a status that was experienced as precarious and that solidified prior and produced new forms of inequality. For some, there are simply "dead ends" in the regularization process. Finally, for those who are successful in obtaining legal relief or status, another peril looms: jealousy, stratification, and hierarchies created within families and communities because others are left behind. The flip side is survivor's guilt; once people regularize their status, they avoid seeming boastful or fostering bitterness or resentment. Conclusion chapter abstractThe book concludes with a reflection on the lessons learned from the 100 families in this book, arguing that political efforts toward reform or social integration must take into account mixed-status family configurations, since they are now a primary and enduring feature of the contemporary immigration experience in the United States. The book complicates the idea of living "in the shadows" as it is used in scholarly and popular discourse, instead portraying mixed-status families as resilient, socially engaged, and living as active members of their communities. Yet the daily lives of some 16.7 million people in mixed-status families are marked by uncertainty and exclusion. The chapter summarizes both the scholarly and policy implications of the themes presented in the book. Through a deeper understanding of their experiences, we can work toward policies that lift communities up rather than exacerbate inequalities.

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Book SynopsisBased on rare, in-depth fieldwork among an undercover police investigative team working in a southern EU maritime state, Gregory Feldman examines how "taking action" against human smuggling rings requires the team to enter the "gray zone", a space where legal and policy prescriptions do not hold. Feldman asks how this seven-member team makes ethical judgments when they secretly investigate smugglers, traffickers, migrants, lawyers, shopkeepers, and many others. He asks readers to consider that gray zones create opportunities both to degrade subjects of investigations and to take unnecessary risks for them. Moving in either direction largely depends upon bureaucratic conditions and team members' willingness to see situations from a variety of perspectives. Feldman explores their personal experiences and daily work in order to crack open wider issues about sovereignty, action, ethics, and, ultimately, being human. Situated at the intersection of the EU migration apparatus and the global, clandestine networks it identifies as security threats, this book allows Feldman to outline an ethnographically-based theory of sovereign action.Trade Review"The Gray Zone is an ethnography of policing unlike any other. Feldman's exhilarating, fast-paced study of an undercover police team is stitched through with a highly original reflection on sovereignty, violence, and distance between ethos and ethics. The Gray Zone is essential reading for anyone interested in the world of policing." -- Mark Maguire * Maynooth University *"The Gray Zone constitutes both a fascinating field-based investigation into how the borders of Europe are policed in invisible and secret ways and a philosophical reflection on the ways in which border spaces interrogate and problematize notions of state power, social order, systemic violence, and the relationship between morality and law in globalization....An invaluable empirical study with significant theoretical underpinnings, this book constitutes a unique account of the ways in which sovereignty is practiced in spaces at the edges of Europe." -- Hélène B. Ducros * Europe Now *"By avoiding trite depictions and predictable analyses of police activity, Feldman has contributed something truly valuable and unique to our understanding of policing in the contemporary world." -- William Garriot * Theoretical Criminology *"The Gray Zone is an outstanding work that will interest any anthropologist dealing with police, security, or migration. Its theoretical scope will allow it to be used extensively in the future, contributing profitably to the debate on contemporary sovereignty." -- Davide Casciano * Political and Legal Anthropology Review *"It is difficult to overstate how thought-provoking The Gray Zone is....[The] fact that the book elicits so many questions indicates the novelty and power of Feldman's approach." -- Dafna Rachok * Allegra Lab *"Gregory Feldman's accomplished new ethnography offers an original consideration of action, ethics, and sovereignty....an overall rewarding and inspiring read." -- Karolina Follis * American Ethnologist *

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Book SynopsisBorders of Belonging investigates a pressing but previously unexplored aspect of immigration in America—the impact of immigration policies and practices not only on undocumented migrants, but also on their family members, some of whom possess a form of legal status. Heide Castañeda reveals the trauma, distress, and inequalities that occur daily, alongside the stratification of particular family members' access to resources like education, employment, and health care. She also paints a vivid picture of the resilience, resistance, creative responses, and solidarity between parents and children, siblings, and other kin. Castañeda's innovative ethnography combines fieldwork with individuals and family groups to paint a full picture of the experiences of mixed-status families as they navigate the emotional, social, political, and medical difficulties that inevitably arise when at least one family member lacks legal status. Exposing the extreme conditions in the heavily-regulated U.S./Mexico borderlands, this book presents a portentous vision of how the further encroachment of immigration enforcement would affect millions of mixed-status families throughout the country.Trade Review"In this superior work of scholarship, Heide Castañeda allows readers to experience the sorrow, pain, and trauma current immigration laws and practices have inflicted not just on undocumented migrants, but also on their family members with some form of legal status. Engaging and brilliantly observed, Borders of Belonging makes an incredibly timely and policy-relevant argument about the interlocking fates within mixed-status families. This book is poised for instant success within and beyond the classroom." -- Roberto G. Gonzales * author of Lives in Limbo: Undocumented and Coming of Age in America *"This book's investigations into sibling relationships, the Rio Grande region, and the impacts of illegalization on U.S. citizen family members is important and original. Through the use of compassionate personal narratives, Castañeda humanizes the anguish and resilience of the book's protagonists. An essential and engrossing read." -- Susan Bibler Coutin * University of California, Irvine *"Borders of Belonging is a brilliant, powerful, unprecedented book. It is an absolute must read for everyone. This book is critical not only for all who are interested in immigration in the United States and around the world, but also for anyone who cares about families, children, and parents. Castañeda skillfully portrays real families in the Rio Grande Valley who are navigating the unintended, harmful consequences of immigration and social policies, displaying their deep compassion and care for one another. As they experience powerful discrimination and racism, these families display resilience and solidarity across lines of difference, actively resisting inequality in their midst. The families and individuals—immigrants and citizens—whom the reader comes to know in these pages offer us all models for a more healthy and equal society and teach us important lessons for our communities, schools, health care systems, and public policies." -- Seth M. Holmes * author of Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies: Migrant Farmworkers in the United States *"This work powerfully and effectively addresses the situation of undocumented migrants to the United States caught up in the larger political crisis of immigration policies and enforcement. This inspired and moving work of ethnography is cast at the level of everyday life and the complexities of undocumented status, though the author fully grasps the formal levels of policy making and enforcement that led to such difficult challenges for families in the Rio Grande borderlands...Recommended."––G. E. Marcus, CHOICE"One of Castañeda's contributions lies in legitimizing the family as a uniform social unit with potential for action and adaptation in the face of adverse conditions. By positing the family as a mediator of culture, Castañeda redefines the boundaries of social life and the ways they can be understood to gauge the impacts of policies that, though aimed at individuals, inevitably affect those around them."––Javier Porras Madera, NACLA Report on the Americas"Borders of Belonging illuminates a poorly understood aspect of life in a way that is compelling, clear, theoretically and methodologically grounded, timely and compassionate....essential reading for anyone who wishes to understand the complex and layered human experience of immigration in the United States today." -- Faidra Papavasiliou * General Anthropology *"Drawing on meticulous ethnographic interviews with various members of families in the Rio Grande Valley, Castañeda tells a fascinating story, nuanced and attentive to the specifics of the geographic region of 'the Valley'....Future research should build off this excellent work and document similarities and differences across varying geographic and local contexts throughout the United States and, perhaps, around the world." -- Joanna Dreby * Social Forces *"Borders of Belonging is an essential read for anyone seeking to understand the lived experience of US immigration laws and their enforcement....[An] insightful examination into both the visible and invisible effects of US immigration policy." -- Jane Lilly López * Journal of American Ethnic History *"Borders of Belongingis a policy-relevant and accessible piece of work that provides extremely significant insight in the spill-over effects of tightened border control and draconian migration policies. Through vivid descriptions of the harmful consequences of these policies, the book attests to the ways in which family members become the 'collateral damages' of these politics of migration. I appreciate Heide Castañeda's commitment to bringing to life the daily reality of mixed-status families as they navigate borders, belonging and family-life." -- Elsemieke van Osch * Border Criminologies *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction: Illegality and the Immigrant Family chapter abstractThis chapter lays out the three main arguments of the book: (1) that the construction of "illegality" for some members in a family influences opportunities and resources for all, including legal residents and U.S. citizens; (2) that people are not simply passive victims of this circumstance, but are resilient and creative, and mobilize to challenge its effects; and (3) that the incorporation experiences of mixed-status families are significantly framed by place, in this case the U.S.–Mexico border region. The chapter defines "mixed-status" families as those comprised of at least one undocumented member and at least one other person with any authorized legal status or transitional status. It also describes the study methods and outlines the chapters of the book. 1Belonging in the Borderlands chapter abstractThis chapter examines how local context uniquely shapes pathways of incorporation and the everyday experiences of mixed-status families. Local configurations of laws, practices, and attitudes reflect how specific geographic settings provide unique mobilities, resources, opportunities, and disadvantages. Place matters. The chapter examines the geographic, cultural, and political landscape of the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas, which in some ways may be viewed as a pocket of inclusion because of its ethnic makeup, the dominance of the Spanish language, and its strong binational frame of reference. However, the historical marginalization and illegalization of Mexican migration through U.S. immigration laws provide an important backdrop for understanding the experience of illegality for families. This is strengthened by relentless and constant surveillance associated with the militarized border, including checkpoints that supplement and intensify interior enforcement. 2United Yet Divided: Mixed-Status Family Dynamics chapter abstractThis chapter examines the dynamics of mixed-status families, including shared norms, interpersonal tensions, and systems of mutual support. As legal status stratifies the household, creating divisions and even resentment, the central pattern is nonetheless family unity. Family relationships necessarily challenge simplistic distinctions between citizens and immigrants, and underscore the impossibility of assigning rigid juridical categories to entangled social lives. Juxtaposing the perspectives of various members within the same family illustrates how those experiences played out in complex ways. Mutual support is critical, and certain family members take on specific roles. Finally, the progress of the entire family and the social mobility of subsequent generations are viewed as linked to children's educational success. 3"Little Lies": Disclosure and Relationships Beyond the Family chapter abstractThis chapter turns outward to explore relationships between mixed-status families and others in their communities. Disclosure—that is, to whom, when, and why people talk about their own or their family's status—is a major concern, with both undocumented persons and U.S. citizens describing "little lies," acts of concealment, and feeling as if they must live a double life. Even close friendships and intimate romantic relationships are affected, as those in mixed-status families face difficulties adhering to normative expectations of dating and courtship. Disclosure is weighed against the possible repercussions, including stigmatization, discrimination, ridicule, and fear of denunciation by friends, lovers, neighbors, co-workers, and even other family members. Finally, the chapter explores empowered disclosure, or strategic "coming out" as undocumented, and its role in creating new identities and political subjectivities. 4Estamos Encerrados: Im/mobilities in the Borderlands chapter abstractThis chapter focuses on spatial restrictions to mobility, including the various checkpoints, the fear of driving that exposes people to apprehension, and the racialization of illegality and its effects on inspection practices. Legal status within the family becomes embodied as stratified forms of mobility. Many people are relegated to life within this small strip along the border, and describe feeling "trapped in a cage." The geographies of policing mobility in the border region are distinct by virtue of the constraints of the international border, the 100-mile buffer zone, and specific enforcement practices. Due to shifting legal terrains and requirements, a range of legal driving opportunities often coexist within a single family. For everyday driving practice and during inspection at one of the many checkpoints, racialization is a recurring theme. The chapter shows how fear, anxiety, and pressure are all part of the affective nature of the dynamic borderlands. 5Additional Borders: Education, Work, and Social Mobility chapter abstractThis chapter examines the social mobility of children who grow up in mixed-status families, including the barriers and secondary borders they encounter as they try to go to college, obtain jobs, and become independent. Early experiences in schools are generally inclusive and positive, but this shifts in high school and with the pressures of applying for and attending college. Youth living in the borderlands may be unable or unwilling to attend college in the nation's interior, past the Border Patrol checkpoints, including U.S. citizens who restrict themselves from moving away from undocumented family members, thus affecting their own social mobility. Financial barriers, discrimination, and feelings of alienation coexist alongside educational success in college. Rarely explored elsewhere has been young adults' desire to enlist in the U.S. military or Border Patrol; both are common career paths in this region with few alternative well-paying jobs. 6Unequal Access: Health and Well-Being chapter abstractSimply being part of a mixed-status family can result in poorer health and unequal access to care, creating hierarchies between individual family members. Health policies have multiple direct and indirect impacts specifically on these families, including their hesitancy to enroll citizen children in programs due to fear of deportation or to avoid jeopardizing chances of future regularization. As formal systems fail to meet the needs of a large segment of the population, alternative and informal channels of care proliferate, including illicit medications, unlicensed providers, and home treatments. Heavy border enforcement impacts mixed-status families when specialty care is required outside the region, as well as exacerbating stress and anxiety. Some families avoid enrolling eligible members in programs as notions of "deservingness" are internalized. This has a chilling effect that extends to U.S. citizens, meaning that they are discouraged from the exercise of their rights, a form of "multigenerational punishment." 7Family Separation: Deportation, Removal, and Return chapter abstractThis chapter examines family separation through deportation, illustrating how the detention and deportation of relatives shapes children's sense of security and well-being, and increases economic uncertainty in the household. The chapter follows several families whose members have experienced deportation, as well as the elaborate "emergency planning" measures they develop in case of family separation. This shifts household power dynamics, empowering citizen children in a complex micropolitical economy of deportability. Finally, the chapter explores how deported family members are brought back, reliant upon on ties in Mexico, connections to smugglers, and their ability to pay. Geographic context changes the landscape of deportability, making security much more precarious in the borderlands than in other parts of the United States. 8Fixing Papers: Status Adjustment in Mixed-Status Families chapter abstractMixed-status families have an intimate relationship with the law, most evident when individuals undergo regularization, or "fix their papers." Law impacts family bonds in distinct ways, often shifting or reversing power relations between parents and children. It also empowers children, who finally feel they have agency and control over their family's destiny. The chapter also provides rich stories of DACA recipients in their transition from undocumented to "DACAmented," a status that was experienced as precarious and that solidified prior and produced new forms of inequality. For some, there are simply "dead ends" in the regularization process. Finally, for those who are successful in obtaining legal relief or status, another peril looms: jealousy, stratification, and hierarchies created within families and communities because others are left behind. The flip side is survivor's guilt; once people regularize their status, they avoid seeming boastful or fostering bitterness or resentment. Conclusion chapter abstractThe book concludes with a reflection on the lessons learned from the 100 families in this book, arguing that political efforts toward reform or social integration must take into account mixed-status family configurations, since they are now a primary and enduring feature of the contemporary immigration experience in the United States. The book complicates the idea of living "in the shadows" as it is used in scholarly and popular discourse, instead portraying mixed-status families as resilient, socially engaged, and living as active members of their communities. Yet the daily lives of some 16.7 million people in mixed-status families are marked by uncertainty and exclusion. The chapter summarizes both the scholarly and policy implications of the themes presented in the book. Through a deeper understanding of their experiences, we can work toward policies that lift communities up rather than exacerbate inequalities.

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Book SynopsisAfter the introduction of the "long-term resident" visa, the mass-migration of Nikkeis (Japanese Brazilians) has led to roughly 190,000 Brazilian nationals living in Japan. While the ancestry-based visa confers Nikkeis' right to settlement virtually as a right of blood, their ethnic ambiguity and working-class profile often prevent them from feeling at home in their supposed ethnic homeland. In response, many have converted to Pentecostalism, reflecting the explosive trend across Latin America since the 1970s. Jesus Loves Japan offers a rare window into lives at the crossroads of return migration and global Pentecostalism. Suma Ikeuchi argues that charismatic Christianity appeals to Nikkei migrants as a "third culture"—one that transcends ethno-national boundaries and offers a way out of a reality marked by stagnant national indifference. Jesus Loves Japan insightfully describes the political process of homecoming through the lens of religion, and the ubiquitous figure of the migrant as the pilgrim of a transnational future.Trade Review"Transnational migrants find spiritual sustenance in Suma Ikeuchi's careful, sensitive ethnography. In showing how Pentecostalism grants meaning to a bleak existence, Ikeuchi opens new vistas in our understanding of Japanese Brazilians residing in Japan. She offers fresh insights to all interested in identity puzzles, self-making, religious conversion, and global movement." -- Daniel T. Linger, Professor Emeritus of Anthropology * University of California, Santa Cruz *"Suma Ikeuchi's nuanced fieldwork among Japanese Brazilians (Nikkei) employed in Japan exposes the flawed hemato-logic of government and corporate officials who believed that ancestry ('blood') alone would make Nikkei more assimilable than other foreign guest workers. This book demonstrates the primacy of culture over 'blood' as a cipher for ethnicity." -- Jennifer Robertson * author of Robo Sapiens Japanicus: Robots, Gender, Family, and the Japanese Nation (2018) *"This is a remarkable book about a remarkable situation. Through wonderfully vivid ethnography, Ikeuchi documents the lives of Brazilian Pentecostal converts in Japan as they negotiate identities as migrants, homecomers, pilgrims, and believers. In the process, the book becomes an anthropological meditation on time, belonging, sincerity, and the multiple meanings of making connections through blood." -- Simon Coleman, Chancellor Jackman Professor * University of Toronto *"Focusing on the migration of Nikkei between Brazil and Japan, Suma Ikeuchi's brilliant ethnographic work shows how the Japan that Nikkei Pentecostals believe Jesus loves, a thoroughly hybridized one (biologically, culturally, and nationally), is not only befitting of and appropriate to the many tongues uttered by those transnational devotees, but is also consistent with the fluidity and plasticity of the emerging postmodern era. Pentecostalism, a movement depicted historically as a premodern spirituality bubbling up amid and in resistance to modernity's so-called iron cage of rationality, thus remains, through this anthropological study, a viable symbolic frame more than a century later and under drastically different social conditions." -- Amos Yong, Professor of Theology & Mission * Fuller Theological Seminary *"Jesus Loves Japan is a fascinating study of the roles played by religion in a diasporic community....In this remarkably well-researched and well-written monograph, Ikeuchi introduces readers to the little-known Nikkei Brazilian Pentecostals and unpacks the never-ending process of subject-making of a diasporic group that is simultaneously spatial and moral." -- Taku Suzuki * The Journal of Asian Studies *"Jesus Loves Japan exhibits a fine balance between historical narration, theoretical reflection, observation of place and setting, and first-person commentary from the informants and from the author herself....Ikeuchi comments that 'ethnography illustrates the particular to illuminate the universal.' In accomplishing this aim, Jesus Loves Japan is a brilliant success." -- Michael McClymond * Pneuma *"Jesus Loves Japan is an exemplary work of new scholarship....This is an eminently readable book, which I thoroughly enjoyed, and it should be welcomed by readers interested in the productive intersections between religion and migration in a globalized world." -- Joshua Tan * Reading Religion *"Suma Ikeuchi presents a compelling case study of a diaspora community trapped between cultures....Jesus Loves Japan is an excellent ethnographic work that proves useful to a wide variety of readers." -- Timothy Smith * Nova Religio *"[Jesus Loves Japan] provides some thought-provoking and unexpected conclusions which warrant serious consideration both from the points of view of religious studies scholarship and legislation. It is a recommended text to readers of religious studies on any level who wish to find out more about the workings of Christianity in East Asia and Japan." -- Lehel Balogh * Religious Studies Review *"Ikeuchi has produced, as far as I know, one of the most complete and perceptive ethnographies made about a single religious Brazilian group in Japan." -- Rafael Shoji * Journal of the American Academy of Religion *Table of ContentsContents and Abstracts1Pilgrims in the Strange Homeland chapter abstractThis introductory chapter outlines the main questions of the book. How do Nikkei migrant converts negotiate between their national citizenship, ethnic identity, and religious subjectivity? What happens when the right to mobility rests on the ability to embody state-sanctioned origin? How do their projects of return affect the moral contours of citizenship, belonging, and diaspora? It also clarifies the social significance of the book's subject by describing the two growing trends in contemporary globalization: the return migration in East Asia and the growth of Pentecostalism in Latin America. The phenomenon of Pentecostal conversion among Nikkei Brazilian migrants in Japan can thus provide an illuminating lens to study the dynamic intersection of these two migratory and religious movements. 2Japanese Blood, Brazilian Birth, and Transnational God chapter abstractThis chapter offers a historical overview of Japanese-Brazilian migrant communities and their Pentecostal churches in Japan. Why are there Brazilians of Japanese descent living in Japan today and why do many of them convert to Latin American Pentecostalism in their supposed ancestral homeland? The chapter traces their migratory and religious history starting in 1908, when the first Japanese immigrants arrived in Brazil. It then covers the key historical events throughout the 20th and the early 21st century, such as Japan's defeat in the WWII, Nikkeis' ascent to the middle- and upper-class in Brazil, introduction of the ancestry-based visa by Japan in 1990, and the flourishing of Pentecostalism among the Nikkei "return" migrants. The chapter then moves onto the explanation of the ethnographic context of the research conducted by the author between 2012 and 2014 and fieldwork methods tht she employed. 3Putting Aside Living chapter abstractMost Nikkei Brazilians in Japan are at once labor migrants and "return" migrants, who dream of a better future while working in low-paying jobs on visas granted on the basis of their past ancestral ties to the nation. As such, they grapple with the images of time—the past, the present, and the future—in complex ways. This chapter delves into these temporal hopes and anxieties. Specifically, it focuses on a predominant concern regarding time among migrant converts, namely, "putting aside living (deixar de viver, in Portuguese)." As many learn to postpone comfort in the present to work long hours and to save money for the planned return to Brazil, the feeling of suspended life becomes very common: "I am sacrificing the present to live a better future one day." The chapter discusses the symptom of temporal suffocation as a lens to analyze the aspirational temporality of migration. 4Neither Here nor There chapter abstractThis chapter investigates why the rhetoric of "neither here nor there (nem lá nem cá)" is so common among Nikkei Brazilian migrants in Japan. First, it illuminates how Nikkeis have transformed from "Asian whites" with "culture of discipline" in Brazil to "delinquent Latinos" with "culture of disorder" in Japan. This loss of ethnic status exacerbates the feeling that they have lost clear identity. Second, the distance—both physical and emotional—caused by migratory movement and labor environment fuels the sense of crisis that their family ties and gender roles are becoming weak or confusing. Third, the shifting identities of the next generation born or raised in Japan make many older Brazilian migrants think that the youth—many of whom are mixed-raced—are becoming too Japanese, losing the proper Brazilian identity. The chapter elaborates on these three facets that characterize the predominant narrative of in-between identity among the migrants. 5Back to the Present chapter abstractThis chapter discusses the ways in which conversion addresses common concerns regarding time among Nikkei Brazilian migrants in Japan, including the symptom of "putting aside living" discussed in Chapter 3. While labor migration promotes aspirational temporality, the charismatic temporality of Pentecostal conversion encourages converts to focus on the renewal in the moment, or "right now, right here." Many converts therefore feel that Pentecostal practices can help them experience and live the present moment, which they have been sacrificing for years as labor migrants in pursuit of the better future. The chapter thus illuminates how the practices and sensibilities of Pentecostal Christianity responds to the temporal anxieties of transnational migration. Seen through the lens of time, migration and conversion become part of the same process of moral subject formation, thus forming a "temporal tandem." 6The Culture of Love chapter abstractWhile most Nikkei converts claim that love is a timeless "Christian" emotion, the trope of love seems to carry multiple meanings within their century-old history of transpacific diaspora. This chapter delves into the historical registers of Christian love among Nikkei Brazilian migrants in Japan. Nikkei congregants often contrast Christian love (amor) with Japanese discipline (educação). Specifically, they suggest that love augments and overcomes rigid discipline because it is more sincere, spontaneous, and modern. The chapter situates the experience of Christian love within the transnational landscape of flexible racial identities, thereby historicizing affect. In particular, it analyzes various "family restoration" seminars that Pentecostal churches organize in Japan to combat the distancing effects of transnational migration—Married for Life, Worship for Women, and Ancient Paths, to name a few. Migrant converts often believe that the Christian conception of family and gender roles can heal the "wounds" of labor migration. 7Of Two Bloods chapter abstractTo many Nikkeis, their "Japanese blood" carries a contentious meaning as a marker of their marginal place in the national kinship of Japan. This is in stark contrast to the other kind of blood that migrant converts frequently spoke about: the blood of Jesus as the medium of Christian fellowship open for any "brothers and sisters in faith." This chapter takes the tension between the two bloods—the "Japanese blood" and the blood of Jesus—as the point of departure to probe how Nikkei converts are crafting a new sense of citizenship in their strange ancestral homeland. While the national kinship locates the source of migrants' moral entitlement in their Japanese ancestral past, the Pentecostal kinship emphasizes the importance of continuous conversion in the charismatic present. The chapter will delve into the ethical aspects of kin-making by investigating the two diverging logics of relatedness. 8Ancestors of God chapter abstractProtestant Christianity is often understood as a culture of sincere personal belief. This chapter challenges that popular conception by analyzing the ritual life at a Pentecostal migrant church. Specifically, it demonstrates that the purview of "faith (fé)" goes beyond the cognized acceptance of explicit doctrines by elaborating on how some migrants approach conversion as an act of commitment to social and familial relationships that they desire to foster. The chapter focuses on one Okinawan Japanese migrant called Leticia to drive these points home. She chose to participate in water baptism and convert to Pentecostalism to follow her already-converted adult sons and to maintain "the harmony in family." Migrants like Leticia show that the charismatic faith in this ethnographic context consists of multiple layers, personal as well relational. It is this multiplicity that makes it possible for migrants from diverse cultural backgrounds to envision and construct "one community in faith." 9Accompanied Self chapter abstractWhile the notion of the individual figures prominently in the debate about Christian personhood in anthropology, the concept of "relational selves" has shaped much of the existing literature on Japanese self. This chapter takes this seeming divergence between "individual Christian" and "interdependent Japanese" as the point of departure. It probes how Nikkei Brazilian converts narrate their subject positions vis-à-vis the Japanese majority by engaging multiple ideals of personhood. Interestingly, both migrant converts and their Japanese neighbors often articulated their understandings about authentic self by discussing the category of religion. The chapter therefore brings together religion, authenticity, and personhood to illuminate how the Brazilian and Japanese residents in Japan envision the ethics of the self. It concludes that Pentecostal Brazilian migrants uphold that the self should ideally be "accompanied" by the divine Other and discusses glossolalia as one common practice used to foster this vision of accompanied personhood. 10Jesus Loves Japan chapter abstractThis concluding chapter revisits and elaborates on the theme of moral mobility. As the ethnographic expositions in the preceding chapters have shown, mobility is at once spatial, temporal, affective, and ethical. The argument is that movement itself would be simply inconceivable without such moral registers. "Jesus ama o Japão (Jesus loves Japan)" is a phrase that Nikkei migrant converts use in a wide range of contexts. Some migrant converts exclaim the phrase in a triumphant tone while evangelizing Japanese passersby in public; others utter it more hesitantly while reminiscing about the sense of in-betweenness that had haunted them in Japan. In other words, migrant converts resort to the same phrase—"Jesus loves Japan"—to generatively articulate the ethical dimensions of their mobility. The concluding chapter explores how such experiences of moral mobility may be redrawing the boundaries of Nikkei diaspora in the present.

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Book SynopsisThere are more than 700,000 Bulgaristanlı migrants residing in Turkey. Immigrants from Bulgaria who are ethnically Turkish, they assume certain privileges because of these ethnic ties, yet access to citizenship remains dependent on the whims of those in power. Through vivid accounts of encounters with the police and state bureaucracy, of nostalgic memories of home and aspirations for a more secure life in Turkey, Precarious Hope explores the tensions between ethnic privilege and economic vulnerability and rethinks the limits of migrant belonging among those for whom it is intimated and promised—but never guaranteed. In contrast to the typical focus on despair, Ayşe Parla studies the hopefulness of migrants. Turkish immigration policies have worked in lockstep with national aspirations for ethnic, religious, and ideological conformity, offering Bulgaristanlı migrants an advantage over others. Their hope is the product of privilege and an act of dignity and perseverance. It is also a tool of the state, reproducing a migration regime that categorizes some as desirable and others as foreign and dispensable. Through the experiences of the Bulgaristanlı, Precarious Hope speaks to the global predicament in which increasing numbers of people are forced to manage both cultivation of hope and relentless anxiety within structures of inequality.Trade Review"With stunning analytic precision, intellectual grace, and captivating ethnography, Ayşe Parla takes on key debates about precarity and hope. If the migrant is the quintessential figure of our anxious times, this magnificent book is the essential guide to thinking more politically and profoundly about her predicament." -- Lila Abu-Lughod * Columbia University *"Boldness is required in writing a book on contemporary Turkey from the perspective of hope. It is Ayşe Parla's remarkable achievement to have developed in such context an insightful critique of this affective relation to the world. Her fine-grained ethnography offers a profound reflection on ethnonational communities and their imagined futures." -- Didier Fassin * Institute for Advanced Study *"One leaves this book with a profound understanding of hope as a tool of governmentality, a way of being in the world, and a political act. Ayşe Parla shows us how deeply connected law, politics, and emotions are in the precarious lives of migrants." -- Esra Özyürek * London School of Economics and Political Science *"Ayşe Parla's study is truly original and thought-provoking in its focus on the Bulgaristanlı immigrants, a group both welcomed as 'Turkish kin' and marked as different at the same time....Precarious Hope is a welcome and indeed, an invaluable contribution to our understanding of the hopes for belonging that migrants have and how they manage the precariousness of legal recognition." -- Nikos Christofis * Political and Legal Anthropology Review *"It is Parla's insightful, grounded treatment of the unequal distribution of hope that represents the most productive through line inPrecarious Hope, one that might enrich often unproductive discussions surrounding hope and activism in unequal societies." -- Brian Van Wyck * H-Migration *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction: Shielding Hope chapter abstractThe introduction maps the contours of Turkey's migration regime, highlighting its peculiarities in terms of minimal regulation, its excessive reliance on circulars and exceptions, and its religious and racialized criteria for who qualifies as a migrant. It provides a historical overview of migrations from Bulgaria to Turkey since the twentieth century to situate the predicament of the post-1990 labor migrants. It thus presents the ways in which the deep-seated alliance between religious identity (Sunni-Islam) and ethnoracial identity (Turkishness) have defined the legal and affective structures of belonging in Turkey, which in turn, constitute the structural conditions of possibility on which the hope of contemporary Bulgaristanlı migrants rests. The chapter also outlines the theoretical approach taken to hope as a collective structure of feeling that is simultaneously conducive to perseverance and complicit in exclusionary acts. 1The Historical Production of Hope chapter abstractThis chapter probes the cultural significance and legal ramifications of the category of soydaş (racial kin) claimed by the Bulgaristanlı. It locates the status of being soydaş within the hierarchy of otherness produced by Turkey's citizenship regime. Presenting a historical account of migration policy toward soydaş since the founding of the Turkish nation-state, it explains the ebb and flow in the privileges granted to soydaş through a constellation of factors that include ethnonational appropriation, transpolitical instrumentalization, and labor market exploitation. The chapter demonstrates how the status of soydaş both enables legal and cultural access and also reinstates a distance from unmarked belonging. Such strategic but uneasy appropriations of identification as soydaş provide a window onto the hegemonic grammar of racialized citizenship in Turkey not from the point of view of those who are most marginalized but from the point of view of the relatively privileged. 2Entitled Hope chapter abstractThis chapter explores the political and affective economy of hope. It demonstrates how the hope for legalization is differentially distributed and embodied across different migrant groups. This chapter develops the notion of "entitled hope" to characterize the hope cultivated by the Bulgaristanlı migrants. Rather than hoping against the odds, entitled hope veers closer to expectation and draws on a different lineage of thinking about hope that locates its kernel in rationality and attainability. In its emphasis on hope as "structured expectation," this chapter presents ethnographic accounts of the expressions and performances of hope that Bulgaristanlı migrants enact and take for granted in their encounters with the law. Finally, even as this chapter attends to the affective aspects of the differential distribution of hope, it argues against an ontological or epistemological gap between affect and emotion. 3Precarious Hope chapter abstractIf the notion of entitled hope is intended to highlight expectation and likelihood, the notion of precarious hope that is elaborated in chapter 3 aims to capture the uncertainty, unpredictability, and insecurity that mark the experiences of Bulgaristanlı migrants. The chapter presents thick descriptions of precarity experienced by Bulgaristanlı women as they cross the border, interact with officials in the formal and informal spaces of the law, fend off gendered harassment, try to register their children in school, and work in the exploitative market of domestic labor. Heeding the ever-present tension between privilege and precarity in the experiences of Bulgaristanlı migrants who are neither entirely exposed nor entirely protected in their legal and economic status, this chapter also attempts to demarcate the concept of precarity from vulnerability. 4Nostalgia as Hope chapter abstractAlthough ethnic affinity provides a certain protection from the marginalization and harassment routinely faced by other undocumented migrant women in Turkey, the Bulgaristanlı women's morality, too, can quickly become suspect if they are perceived as straying too far from expected gendered norms of dress, demeanor, or work habits. Bulgaristanlı women, in turn, counter the resentment of the class- and gender-based marginalization they suffer through recourse to post-communist nostalgia. Rather than reducing post-communist nostalgia to a melancholic attachment to an idealized past, chapter 4 explores the ways in which Bulgaristanlı migrants utilize post-communist nostalgia as a resource to manage their uneasy reception in Turkey. Considering the temporalities of hope in their full range, the chapter also suggests that any residual attachments to the communist past are manufactured into hopes for a more secure future. Conclusion: Troubling Hope chapter abstractThe concluding chapter brings together the theoretical grounds and the ethnographic terrain covered in the book to posit hope as a criticizable category of analysis and experience. It challenges neat distinctions between goal-oriented hope and open-ended hope by foregrounding the struggles of migrants who hope for the reasonably expected rather than desire the wildly unexpected. It discusses the troubling implications for migrant activism of associating hope only with possibility at the expense of probability. The conclusion reiterates why it is not only crisis-laden hope that carries significance. Hope that is emboldened by a sense of entitlement but that nonetheless remains precarious speaks to a larger predicament in which increasing numbers of migrants and citizens grapple with a relentless anxiety that is barely held in balance by the production and collective cultivation of hope within structures of inequality. A Note on Method, or Hopeful Waiting in Lines chapter abstractThis short chapter describes the scope, duration, and sites of fieldwork as well as the different ethnographic methods deployed. It also discusses questions of categorization, positionality, and the relationship between ethnography and epistemology, especially as it pertains to research on emotions.

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Book SynopsisPursuing Citizenship in the Enforcement Era provides readers with the everyday perspectives of immigrants on what it is like to try to integrate into American society during a time when immigration policy is focused on enforcement and exclusion. The law says that everyone who is not a citizen is an alien. But the social reality is more complicated. Ming Hsu Chen argues that the citizen/alien binary should instead be reframed as a spectrum of citizenship, a concept that emphasizes continuities between the otherwise distinct experiences of membership and belonging for immigrants seeking to become citizens. To understand citizenship from the perspective of noncitizens, this book utilizes interviews with more than one-hundred immigrants of varying legal statuses about their attempts to integrate economically, socially, politically, and legally during a modern era of intense immigration enforcement. Studying the experiences of green card holders, refugees, military service members, temporary workers, international students, and undocumented immigrants uncovers the common plight that underlies their distinctions: limited legal status breeds a sense of citizenship insecurity for all immigrants that inhibits their full integration into society. Bringing together theories of citizenship with empirical data on integration and analysis of contemporary policy, Chen builds a case that formal citizenship status matters more than ever during times of enforcement and argues for constructing pathways to citizenship that enhance both formal and substantive equality of immigrants.Trade Review"Ming Hsu Chen writes with great intelligence and compassion about the frightening reality of attempting to pursue citizenship in a moment when every interaction with the federal government also involves tremendous risk. She brings to life the struggle of recently arrived immigrants who want to integrate more fully into American society, even as federal policy seeks to exclude as many as possible. The complexities of constantly changing and sometimes even contradictory immigration laws are explained and the true predicaments of well-intentioned immigrants who seek only to follow the law to the best of their understanding are illuminated. Chen does a masterful job."—Helen Thorpe, author of The Newcomers: Finding Refuge, Friendship, and Hope in America"As much critique as corrective vision, Ming Chen's powerful book brings us revelatory conversations with immigrants seeking to become citizens. Their experiences, frustrations, and dreams shine sharp spotlights on the official barriers they face—and on our shared humanity."—Ian F. Haney López, University of California, Berkeley"Pursuing Citizenship in the Enforcement Era offers a nuanced analysis of the complex relationship between the legal status of citizenship and real belonging to U.S. society. Drawing on wide-ranging interviews, Ming Chen shows how overemphasizing immigration enforcement undermines the integration of immigrants and their potential to make society more cohesive. This is trail-blazing scholarship on how immigrants become citizens."—Hiroshi Motomura, UCLA School of Law"Chen makes a compelling case that federal government can and should do more—much more—to integrate its residents by supporting access to citizenship. With a clear-eyed picture of the functional benefits of formal citizenship, this book offers a thoughtful policy roadmap for achieving that goal."—Jennifer Chacón, UCLA School of Law"Chen here demands that we migration scholars stake a deeper claim in the changes that are needed to ensure all of our well-being.Pursuing Citizenshipis an essential read for all of us committed to accepting that challenge."—Shannon Gleeson, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Books"Pursuing Citizenship in the Enforcement Era provides a powerful account of the struggles that many noncitizens and their families faced during the increased immigration enforcement of the Trump era... Chen offers a strong defense of formal citizenship, particularly in contexts where immigration enforcement is prioritized, because of its impact on one's sense of equality and community membership."—Rose Cuison-Villazor, Michigan Law ReviewTable of Contents1. Pursuing Citizenship in the Enforcement Era 2. Unequal Citizenship: Gaps in Formal and Substantive Citizenship 3. Winding Pathways to Citizenship 4. Barriers to Formal Citizenship 5. Blocked Pathways to Full Citizenship 6. Constructing Pathways to Full Citizenship

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Book SynopsisIn the months leading up to the 2016 presidential election, liberal outcry over ethnonationalist views promoted a vision of America as a nation of immigrants. Given the pervasiveness of this rhetoric, it can be easy to overlook the fact that the immigrant rights movement began in the US relatively recently. This book tells the story of its grassroots origins, through its meteoric rise to the national stage. Starting in the 1990s, the immigrant rights movement slowly cohered over the demand for comprehensive federal reform of immigration policy. Activists called for a new framework of citizenship, arguing that immigrants deserved legal status based on their strong affiliation with American values. During the Obama administration, leaders were granted unprecedented political access and millions of dollars in support. The national spotlight, however, came with unforeseen pressures—growing inequalities between factions and restrictions on challenging mainstream views. Such tradeoffs eventually shattered the united front. The Immigrant Rights Movement tells the story of a vibrant movement to change the meaning of national citizenship, that ultimately became enmeshed in the system that it sought to transform.Trade Review"This book offers a lucid and highly readable analysis of the modern U.S. immigrant rights movement. Systematically documenting the contribution of local struggles in the late 20th century to the movement's national consolidation in the 2000s and its more recent re-fragmentation, Nicholls' behind-the-scenes account carefully exposes the tensions between grassroots immigrant rights activism and national-level realpolitik. An important contribution." -- Ruth Milkman * CUNY Graduate Center, author of L.A. Story: Immigrant Workers and the Future of the U.S. Labor Movement *"The Immigrant Rights Movement's historical and geographic sweep is remarkable: it extends far beyond existing accounts, which tend to either focus on the 2006 protests or to present case studies of immigrant mobilization in one or two places. Theoretically rich and empirically rigorous, the book will set the terms for the debate about the best way forward for the immigrant rights movement for many years to come." -- Kim Voss * University of California, Berkeley *"This timely book explains the successes and challenges of pro-immigration activism in the United States. Its provocative argument raises tough practical and theoretical questions about the political costs of nationalizing and professionalizing social movements." -- David Scott FitzGerald * author of Refuge beyond Reach: How Rich Democracies Repel Asylum Seekers *"In this daring volume Nicholls looks beyond the achievements and failures of the ever-developing immigrant rights' movement in the US to explore how the movement has changed the discourse, the scope, and the descriptive nature of national citizenship....In this highly accessible and readable book, Nicholls weaves together political and social theory throughout, making this text especially useful for classroom incorporation. Highly recommended." -- R. A. Harper * CHOICE *"Future research could easily build on Nicholls's brilliant work....Rigorously corroborated, theoretically inspiring, and yet impressively readable, this book has much to offer students and scholars at all levels." -- Kevin Lee * Journal of Urban Affairs *"Nicholls's meticulous institutional analysis spans decades....the book offers us an invaluable critique of nationalism itself." -- Miranda C. Hallett * American Ethnologist *"The Immigrant Rights Movement is a must-read for anyone interested in migration rights, social movements, and the institutional reproduction of inequality. Nicholls provides an array of qualitative data, different forms of data presentation, and thought-provoking arguments about the constraints and opportunities of social movements. Though focused on immigration, this timely book generates broad reflection on the relationship between social movements and philanthropy, and debates about how disciplining a social movement occurs through the political elite." -- Blanca Ramirez * Mobilization *"Nicholls's book convincingly highlights a key paradox that advocates and activists face when moving into the political field: the same conditions that allowed immigrant rights movements to become a political force wound up binding the movement to the very system it sought to change." -- Ana Hontanilla * Latin American Research Review *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction chapter abstractThe introduction provides readers with a basic overview of the book's central concepts and arguments. It suggests that today's immigrant rights movement has its roots in local battles scattered throughout the country. It maps out how these local fights emerged and goes on to discuss their aggregation into a national social movement. 1The Rights of Immigrants in the Nation chapter abstractSome scholars have argued that globalization and transnational migration have weakened the importance of national citizenship. This theoretical chapter addresses this central issue. It suggests that national citizenship is still very much intact and constrains how immigrant rights activists develop their claims and demands. By engaging with various literatures including citizenship studies, social movement, and immigration, the chapter aims to explain the continued caging powers of the nation state over the thoughts, words, and actions of activists. 2Suburbia Must be Defended chapter abstractThe chapter explores the local conditions that helped give rise to ethnonational arguments by examining local responses to immigrant day laborers. By drawing on materials from the 1990s, the chapter maintains that the public assembly of Latino immigrants on street corners disrupted the everyday life suburban residents. Such disruptions propelled thousands of people to step in and debate the meanings of citizenship. From this cauldron of conflicting passions emerged a particular understanding of citizenship that was ethnonationalist, exclusionary, and revanchist. This was an ethnic understanding of citizenship backed by an increasingly violent and exclusionary state. 3Resisting Ethnonationalism, One Town at a Time chapter abstractThe chapter examines how pro-immigrant groups bubbled up in suburban towns around the county and pushed back on their anti-immigrant neighbors. It does so by first describing early resistances by day laborers and their diverse range of supporters. The chapter goes on to describe how some local mobilizations snow-balled into sizeable struggles mostly anchored by regional immigrant rights organizations. The chapter finishes by showing how many campaigns succeeded in stopping many restrictive ordinances. 4Regionalizing the Fight for Immigrant Rights: The Case of Los Angeles chapter abstractMetropolitan Los Angeles is used as a case to illustrate how immigrant rights activism shifted to the regional scale. The chapter begins with a very local conflict over day laborers in the suburb of Pasadena. It examines how highly precarious immigrants stepped out of the proverbial shadows to resist their criminalization in the city. Following this discussion, the chapter proceeds to a discussion of the regionalization of the struggle. Center for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles (CHIRLA) played a pivotal role in connecting and coordinating battles unfolding across the metropolitan area. 5The Resurgent Nation State chapter abstractFrom the mid 1990s onwards, the federal government became increasingly active in the area of immigration. It passed more restrictive laws and policies and invested more money in enforcement. Moreover, elected officials began to talk more about immigration and immigration reform than ever. The federal government's symbolic and legal power were overwhelming in shaping the parameters of national citizenship. For immigrant rights activists who had spent their formative years in local political trenches, it became increasingly important to shift scale and enter national politics. 6Entering the Field of National Citizenship chapter abstractThe chapter addresses the shift to national politics by examining the creation of a countrywide social movement infrastructure. Well-endowed and politically connected national organizations worked with prominent local organizations to form a string of new coalitions with national-level reach. The primary goal of these coalitions was to create a vehicle to pursue comprehensive immigration reform. Washington D.C.-based organizations sat at the helm of the coalitions and reached out to local organizations in immigrant rich metropolitan areas. These organizations co-sponsored meetings, trainings, and other events. The coalitions fashioned new instruments (organizations, networks, communication networks, trainings and workshops) to transmit understandings about rights, immigration reform, and citizenship from the centers of power (Washington D.C.) to immigrant communities around the country. 7Money Makes the Movement chapter abstractThe funding pie grew much larger in the 2000s and 2010s. The financial bounty enabled leading organizations to create the infrastructure underlying the mainstream immigrant rights movement. They could afford to undertake costly communications research. They had the resources to generate training materials and run local workshops in localities across the country. Well-resourced organizations could afford to lobby national politicians and develop relations with political elite. The infusion of money enabled an unprecedented level of coordination, but the wealth and professionalization of national organizations contributed to sharpening inequalities and a veritable class divide in the social movement. 8A Seat at the Table chapter abstractThe Obama administration provided advocacy organizations extraordinary access. The leading organizations had many meetings with White House officials and congressional leaders. Strong ties with federal policymakers and politicians also provided movement leaders with direct access to valuable information. Access did not, however, result in much political influence. During a period of unprecedented access, the Obama White House did not prioritize comprehensive immigration reform during its first term. The White House and its Senate allies believed that they needed to burnish their deportation credentials in order to win broad support from reluctant Republicans. Between 2009 and 2013, the Obama administration removed approximately 400,000 unauthorized immigrants a year. Thus, in spite of its enormous reservoirs of political capital, the leadership of the immigrant rights movement was not able exercise great influence over federal immigration policy. 9Making Immigrants American chapter abstractThis chapter examine how the movement generated public representations of immigrants in their battle for comprehensive immigration reform. Entry into the national field precipitated a process of selecting one master frame (liberal nationalism) over others (territorial personhood, postnationalism). Following the failure to pass immigration reform in 2007, the leadership initiated a broad campaign to change how Americans viewed immigrants. They set out to generate a disciplined message that would resonate with hearts and minds of average Americans. Liberal nationalism provided advocates with the language, ideas, sentiments, and narratives to effectively construct a message of immigrant deservingness. America was, they argued, a nation of immigrants and immigrants possessed essential attributes (assimilated in norms and culture, contributing, innocent) that made them deserving of membership. Conclusion: Where We Stand chapter abstractThe concluding chapter assesses the challenges facing the immigrant rights movement in the Trump era. It suggests that new political challenges have contributed to further splintering the movement. The chapter also describes how the new difficulties are rooted in problems that had metastasized over the previous fifteen years.

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Book SynopsisMigrant Crossings examines the experiences and representations of Asian and Latina/o migrants trafficked in the United States into informal economies and service industries. Through sociolegal and media analysis of court records, press releases, law enforcement campaigns, film representations, theatre performances, and the law, Annie Isabel Fukushima questions how we understand victimhood, criminality, citizenship, and legality. Fukushima examines how migrants legally cross into visibility, through frames of citizenship, and narratives of victimhood. She explores the interdisciplinary framing of the role of the law and the legal system, the notion of "perfect victimhood", and iconic victims, and how trafficking subjects are resurrected for contemporary movements as illustrated in visuals, discourse, court records, and policy. Migrant Crossings deeply interrogates what it means to bear witness to migration in these migratory times—and what such migrant crossings mean for subjects who experience violence during or after their crossing.Trade Review"Migrant Crossings brilliantly dissects our understandings of the plight of Latina and Asian women trafficked into informal economies of sex and service. Combining original analysis of court cases, news accounts, and police reports with the author's experience as a volunteer counselor, Fukushima reveals a legal system that requires a survivor's story to fit the model of 'perfect victimhood' in order to cross into visibility and be deemed worthy of asylum." -- Evelyn Nakano Glenn * University of California, Berkeley *"Migrant Crossings critically examines the framing and impact of the U.S. anti-human trafficking movement. Annie Fukushima explores how our work in the movement is often at odds with our stated objectives and reveals how an individual's experiences are shaped by a racist, misogynistic, and colonialist history. A deeply important read for all of us working to realize the promise of human rights." -- Jean Bruggeman, Executive Director * Freedom Network USA *"Migrant Crossings offers a deeply insightful analysis of the structures of human trafficking. It illustrates linkages between labor migration and human trafficking while convincing readers that vulnerability to human trafficking belongs in a historical continuum of U.S. racial exclusion." -- Rhacel Salazar Parreñas * author of Servants of Globalization: Migration and Domestic Work *"For policymakers, [Migrant Crossings] raises important considerations of how implicit theories & assumptions translate into discriminatory practices, even as we set out to liberate those we have identified as victims." -- Hugo Seron-Anaya * Humanity & Society *"In the literal sense, this work crosses through an impressive range of disciplines, including women's and feminist studies, critical race and ethnic studies, sexuality studies, labor studies, legal studies, and sociology. In the figurative sense, Fukushima has the reader cross from this world into the spooky, abstract world through her 'unsettled witnessing' of 'ghosts' to her discussions of the 'living dead.'... Fukushima's work should be celebrated for the wealth of knowledge and information it has managed to contain in less than 300 pages." –Verjine Adanalian, Human Rights Quarterly"In challenging the notion that human trafficking today is 'new,' Fukushima also shows readers how many of today's policies and discourses related to (im)migration and human trafficking are deeply haunted by the past." -- Samantha Majic * Contemporary Sociology *"Weaving in frameworks bridging media studies, transnational feminist theory, and ethnic studies, the work brings a broadly interdisciplinary and analytically contemplative inquiry into critical antitrafficking studies. Pairing creatively wide-ranging empirical data extending from first and secondary court data to films and various media, Fukushima creates a pastiche that offers viewers a sense of how antitrafficking has created victims and saviors along racist and imperialist logics." -- Elena Shih * American Journal of Sociology *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction: chapter abstractCase-examples of Latino migrants who were seen as victims of human trafficking are juxtaposed with migrant cases, where the alleged victim is seen as a criminal. As such, the introduction opens with the stakes of what it means for some migrants to be seen as victims of human trafficking, and the social, political, and legal consequences of being invisible. Therefore, the introduction introduces the reader to central concepts in the book: criminalization, migrant labor, tethered subjectivity, transnational feminism, witnessing, unsettled witnessing, decolonial and migrant crossings. It also offers a summary of the book. 1An American Haunting: Witnessing Human Trafficking and Ghostly Exclusions chapter abstract"An American Haunting" examines transnational migration, in particular a popularized case referred to as the "ghost case" or the "blessing scam." The blessing scam is an internationally known where Chinese migrants were "swindled" out of their money and jewelry. However, as a normative narrative of criminality circulated in popular media, another story coalesced around a story of vulnerability and victimhood. Through an interdisciplinary and transnational feminist method, I examine how the ghost case was a human trafficking that never was. Through a theory of "unsettled witnessing," this chapter examines the multiple contexts of migration, violence, labor, and informal economies to further unravel the dichotomies that are normalized in human right's rhetoric and practice: victim/criminal, illegal/legal, and citizen/noncitizen. Other cases examined include United States v. Fang Ping Ding and United States v. Kil Soo Lee. 2Legal Control of Migrant Crossings: Citizenship, Labor, and Racialized Sexualities chapter abstract"Legal Genealogies of Migrant Crossings" frames how one is constituted as trafficked by the law, its enforcement, its production through discourse, and its social implications. This chapter contextualizes "modern-day slavery" and U.S. trafficking laws. Due to the layers of scales in which human-trafficking laws exist—state, nation-state, and international—this chapter offers a mapping of human-trafficking laws and their intersections with labor migration and racialized sexualities. 3"Perfect Victims" and Labor Migration chapter abstractThere is a common perception of a "perfect victim" as a passive victim is the norm in anti-trafficking discourse. This chapter explores how notions of victimhood are tied to legality, narrative, and choice. To explore victimhood, legal case studies of domestic servitude are examined: United States v. the Calimlims, United States v. the Jacksons, and United States v. the Lundbergs. The research on Filipina/o migration and diasporic subjectivities is rich; however, few studies examine the Filipina/o trafficking experience in the context of criminality. This chapter juxtaposes immigrant victimhood and criminality through homosocial and coethnic violence of Filipinas trafficking Filipinas. 4Witnessing Legal Narratives, Court Performances, and Translations of Peruvian Domestic Work chapter abstractThis chapter examines the case of United States v. Dann, in which a Peruvian domestic worker was trafficked into servitude in California. Central to this narrative is the testimony, which also must be analyzed as an authoritative document that is performed. This chapter examines raced, gendered, and classed dynamics between the indigenous Latina domestic worker, Liliana, who was perceived of as vulnerable and a victim. In contrast to Liliana, the upper-class Peruvian woman employer, Dann, was constructed as criminal. This case study highlights a deeper understanding of court performances and the role of crying and translation in human-trafficking cases through a micro-case examination in the context of macro-perceptions of human trafficking and immigration. 5(Living)Dead Subjects: Mamasans, Sex Slaves, and Sexualized Economies chapter abstractTrafficking subjects are like the living dead, resurrected time and again for the living. This chapter examines how the representation of Korean sexualities reproduce (living)dead subjects that haunt the living through figures of the comfort woman, sex workers, and sex trafficking in the United States. Korean Americans are addressing their socially dead status, which continues to circulate through mass-media consumption of raids and rescue as exemplified in the film Eden(2012) starring Korean American actress Jamie Chung, premised on the story of a Korean American sex-trafficked survivor. Conclusion: chapter abstractMigrant Crossings ends with technologies and the image of the Cyclops. Through the case of Operation Syclops, the closing chapter ends with surveillance and the terms of legibility that create citizen subjects through frames of victimhood, criminality, and notions of legality. The technologies range from technologies of mobilizing a human rights agenda through apps to surveillance of particular economies such as Asian massage parlors and the U.S. border. It is a reflection of the contemporary climate of human-trafficking laws, immigration, and the climate of terror and insecurity in a post-9/11 era and mobile gendered subjects—trafficked immigrant women.

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Book SynopsisThis book builds upon Irina Carlota [Lotti] Silber's nearly 25 years of ethnographic research centered in Chalatenango, El Salvador, to follow the trajectories—geographic, temporal, storied—of several extended Salvadoran families. Traveling back and forth in time and across borders, Silber narrates the everyday unfolding of diasporic lives rich with acts of labor, love, and renewed calls for memory, truth, and accountability in El Salvador's long postwar. Through a retrospective and intimate ethnographic method that examines archives of memories and troubles the categories that have come to stand for "El Salvador" such as alarming violent numbers, Silber considers the lives of young Salvadorans who were brought up in an everyday radical politics and then migrated to the United States after more than a decade of peace and democracy. She reflects on this generation of migrants—the 1.5 insurgent generation born to forgotten former rank-and-file militants—as well as their intergenerational, transnational families to unpack the assumptions and typical ways of knowing in postwar ethnography. As the 1.5 generation sustains their radical political project across borders, circulates the products of their migrant labor through remittances, and engages in collective social care for the debilitated bodies of their loved ones, they transform and depart from expectations of the wounded postwar that offer us hope for the making of more just global futures.Trade Review"How often do anthropologists rethink field materials from a long-completed project? It's rare. And it's even more rare for them to do so with the depth of commitment and breadth of knowledge Silber brings to this remarkable book. Writing with clarity, humility, and a deep sense of engagement, she has produced an ethnography unlike any I've ever read."—Danilyn Rutherford, The Wenner-Gren Foundation"After Storiesis a beautiful example of how profoundly powerful reflexive, long-term ethnographic research can be! Silber urges us to question the relationships between the 'befores' and 'afters' of transformative change, reframes our understandings of truth and justice, and reorients the project of anthropology as a whole. A real tour de force!"—Deborah Thomas, University of Pennsylvania"Ethnographic studies like Silber's tend to defy singular theses, meaning the whole is often greater than the sum of its parts....Recommended."—E. Ching, CHOICE"After Stories is accessible to a wide audience and written in the voice of an ethnographer who has spent time listening to, and learning to tell, stories about rural El Salvador.... The book contains several creative interventions, including a critical, disquieting reflexivity and addressing the reader directly with the use of the second person singular. It is a valuable addition to the social sciences and opens multiple possibilities for interdisciplinary theorizing and collaboration."—Mike Anastario, Journal of Anthropological ResearchTable of ContentsOne: Before Two: Numbers Three: Bodies Four: Objects Five: After

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Book SynopsisAfter the introduction of the "long-term resident" visa, the mass-migration of Nikkeis (Japanese Brazilians) has led to roughly 190,000 Brazilian nationals living in Japan. While the ancestry-based visa confers Nikkeis' right to settlement virtually as a right of blood, their ethnic ambiguity and working-class profile often prevent them from feeling at home in their supposed ethnic homeland. In response, many have converted to Pentecostalism, reflecting the explosive trend across Latin America since the 1970s. Jesus Loves Japan offers a rare window into lives at the crossroads of return migration and global Pentecostalism. Suma Ikeuchi argues that charismatic Christianity appeals to Nikkei migrants as a "third culture"—one that transcends ethno-national boundaries and offers a way out of a reality marked by stagnant national indifference. Jesus Loves Japan insightfully describes the political process of homecoming through the lens of religion, and the ubiquitous figure of the migrant as the pilgrim of a transnational future.Trade Review"Transnational migrants find spiritual sustenance in Suma Ikeuchi's careful, sensitive ethnography. In showing how Pentecostalism grants meaning to a bleak existence, Ikeuchi opens new vistas in our understanding of Japanese Brazilians residing in Japan. She offers fresh insights to all interested in identity puzzles, self-making, religious conversion, and global movement." -- Daniel T. Linger, Professor Emeritus of Anthropology * University of California, Santa Cruz *"Suma Ikeuchi's nuanced fieldwork among Japanese Brazilians (Nikkei) employed in Japan exposes the flawed hemato-logic of government and corporate officials who believed that ancestry ('blood') alone would make Nikkei more assimilable than other foreign guest workers. This book demonstrates the primacy of culture over 'blood' as a cipher for ethnicity." -- Jennifer Robertson * author of Robo Sapiens Japanicus: Robots, Gender, Family, and the Japanese Nation (2018) *"This is a remarkable book about a remarkable situation. Through wonderfully vivid ethnography, Ikeuchi documents the lives of Brazilian Pentecostal converts in Japan as they negotiate identities as migrants, homecomers, pilgrims, and believers. In the process, the book becomes an anthropological meditation on time, belonging, sincerity, and the multiple meanings of making connections through blood." -- Simon Coleman, Chancellor Jackman Professor * University of Toronto *"Focusing on the migration of Nikkei between Brazil and Japan, Suma Ikeuchi's brilliant ethnographic work shows how the Japan that Nikkei Pentecostals believe Jesus loves, a thoroughly hybridized one (biologically, culturally, and nationally), is not only befitting of and appropriate to the many tongues uttered by those transnational devotees, but is also consistent with the fluidity and plasticity of the emerging postmodern era. Pentecostalism, a movement depicted historically as a premodern spirituality bubbling up amid and in resistance to modernity's so-called iron cage of rationality, thus remains, through this anthropological study, a viable symbolic frame more than a century later and under drastically different social conditions." -- Amos Yong, Professor of Theology & Mission * Fuller Theological Seminary *"Jesus Loves Japan is a fascinating study of the roles played by religion in a diasporic community....In this remarkably well-researched and well-written monograph, Ikeuchi introduces readers to the little-known Nikkei Brazilian Pentecostals and unpacks the never-ending process of subject-making of a diasporic group that is simultaneously spatial and moral." -- Taku Suzuki * The Journal of Asian Studies *"Jesus Loves Japan exhibits a fine balance between historical narration, theoretical reflection, observation of place and setting, and first-person commentary from the informants and from the author herself....Ikeuchi comments that 'ethnography illustrates the particular to illuminate the universal.' In accomplishing this aim, Jesus Loves Japan is a brilliant success." -- Michael McClymond * Pneuma *"Jesus Loves Japan is an exemplary work of new scholarship....This is an eminently readable book, which I thoroughly enjoyed, and it should be welcomed by readers interested in the productive intersections between religion and migration in a globalized world." -- Joshua Tan * Reading Religion *"Suma Ikeuchi presents a compelling case study of a diaspora community trapped between cultures....Jesus Loves Japan is an excellent ethnographic work that proves useful to a wide variety of readers." -- Timothy Smith * Nova Religio *"[Jesus Loves Japan] provides some thought-provoking and unexpected conclusions which warrant serious consideration both from the points of view of religious studies scholarship and legislation. It is a recommended text to readers of religious studies on any level who wish to find out more about the workings of Christianity in East Asia and Japan." -- Lehel Balogh * Religious Studies Review *"Ikeuchi has produced, as far as I know, one of the most complete and perceptive ethnographies made about a single religious Brazilian group in Japan." -- Rafael Shoji * Journal of the American Academy of Religion *Table of ContentsContents and Abstracts1Pilgrims in the Strange Homeland chapter abstractThis introductory chapter outlines the main questions of the book. How do Nikkei migrant converts negotiate between their national citizenship, ethnic identity, and religious subjectivity? What happens when the right to mobility rests on the ability to embody state-sanctioned origin? How do their projects of return affect the moral contours of citizenship, belonging, and diaspora? It also clarifies the social significance of the book's subject by describing the two growing trends in contemporary globalization: the return migration in East Asia and the growth of Pentecostalism in Latin America. The phenomenon of Pentecostal conversion among Nikkei Brazilian migrants in Japan can thus provide an illuminating lens to study the dynamic intersection of these two migratory and religious movements. 2Japanese Blood, Brazilian Birth, and Transnational God chapter abstractThis chapter offers a historical overview of Japanese-Brazilian migrant communities and their Pentecostal churches in Japan. Why are there Brazilians of Japanese descent living in Japan today and why do many of them convert to Latin American Pentecostalism in their supposed ancestral homeland? The chapter traces their migratory and religious history starting in 1908, when the first Japanese immigrants arrived in Brazil. It then covers the key historical events throughout the 20th and the early 21st century, such as Japan's defeat in the WWII, Nikkeis' ascent to the middle- and upper-class in Brazil, introduction of the ancestry-based visa by Japan in 1990, and the flourishing of Pentecostalism among the Nikkei "return" migrants. The chapter then moves onto the explanation of the ethnographic context of the research conducted by the author between 2012 and 2014 and fieldwork methods tht she employed. 3Putting Aside Living chapter abstractMost Nikkei Brazilians in Japan are at once labor migrants and "return" migrants, who dream of a better future while working in low-paying jobs on visas granted on the basis of their past ancestral ties to the nation. As such, they grapple with the images of time—the past, the present, and the future—in complex ways. This chapter delves into these temporal hopes and anxieties. Specifically, it focuses on a predominant concern regarding time among migrant converts, namely, "putting aside living (deixar de viver, in Portuguese)." As many learn to postpone comfort in the present to work long hours and to save money for the planned return to Brazil, the feeling of suspended life becomes very common: "I am sacrificing the present to live a better future one day." The chapter discusses the symptom of temporal suffocation as a lens to analyze the aspirational temporality of migration. 4Neither Here nor There chapter abstractThis chapter investigates why the rhetoric of "neither here nor there (nem lá nem cá)" is so common among Nikkei Brazilian migrants in Japan. First, it illuminates how Nikkeis have transformed from "Asian whites" with "culture of discipline" in Brazil to "delinquent Latinos" with "culture of disorder" in Japan. This loss of ethnic status exacerbates the feeling that they have lost clear identity. Second, the distance—both physical and emotional—caused by migratory movement and labor environment fuels the sense of crisis that their family ties and gender roles are becoming weak or confusing. Third, the shifting identities of the next generation born or raised in Japan make many older Brazilian migrants think that the youth—many of whom are mixed-raced—are becoming too Japanese, losing the proper Brazilian identity. The chapter elaborates on these three facets that characterize the predominant narrative of in-between identity among the migrants. 5Back to the Present chapter abstractThis chapter discusses the ways in which conversion addresses common concerns regarding time among Nikkei Brazilian migrants in Japan, including the symptom of "putting aside living" discussed in Chapter 3. While labor migration promotes aspirational temporality, the charismatic temporality of Pentecostal conversion encourages converts to focus on the renewal in the moment, or "right now, right here." Many converts therefore feel that Pentecostal practices can help them experience and live the present moment, which they have been sacrificing for years as labor migrants in pursuit of the better future. The chapter thus illuminates how the practices and sensibilities of Pentecostal Christianity responds to the temporal anxieties of transnational migration. Seen through the lens of time, migration and conversion become part of the same process of moral subject formation, thus forming a "temporal tandem." 6The Culture of Love chapter abstractWhile most Nikkei converts claim that love is a timeless "Christian" emotion, the trope of love seems to carry multiple meanings within their century-old history of transpacific diaspora. This chapter delves into the historical registers of Christian love among Nikkei Brazilian migrants in Japan. Nikkei congregants often contrast Christian love (amor) with Japanese discipline (educação). Specifically, they suggest that love augments and overcomes rigid discipline because it is more sincere, spontaneous, and modern. The chapter situates the experience of Christian love within the transnational landscape of flexible racial identities, thereby historicizing affect. In particular, it analyzes various "family restoration" seminars that Pentecostal churches organize in Japan to combat the distancing effects of transnational migration—Married for Life, Worship for Women, and Ancient Paths, to name a few. Migrant converts often believe that the Christian conception of family and gender roles can heal the "wounds" of labor migration. 7Of Two Bloods chapter abstractTo many Nikkeis, their "Japanese blood" carries a contentious meaning as a marker of their marginal place in the national kinship of Japan. This is in stark contrast to the other kind of blood that migrant converts frequently spoke about: the blood of Jesus as the medium of Christian fellowship open for any "brothers and sisters in faith." This chapter takes the tension between the two bloods—the "Japanese blood" and the blood of Jesus—as the point of departure to probe how Nikkei converts are crafting a new sense of citizenship in their strange ancestral homeland. While the national kinship locates the source of migrants' moral entitlement in their Japanese ancestral past, the Pentecostal kinship emphasizes the importance of continuous conversion in the charismatic present. The chapter will delve into the ethical aspects of kin-making by investigating the two diverging logics of relatedness. 8Ancestors of God chapter abstractProtestant Christianity is often understood as a culture of sincere personal belief. This chapter challenges that popular conception by analyzing the ritual life at a Pentecostal migrant church. Specifically, it demonstrates that the purview of "faith (fé)" goes beyond the cognized acceptance of explicit doctrines by elaborating on how some migrants approach conversion as an act of commitment to social and familial relationships that they desire to foster. The chapter focuses on one Okinawan Japanese migrant called Leticia to drive these points home. She chose to participate in water baptism and convert to Pentecostalism to follow her already-converted adult sons and to maintain "the harmony in family." Migrants like Leticia show that the charismatic faith in this ethnographic context consists of multiple layers, personal as well relational. It is this multiplicity that makes it possible for migrants from diverse cultural backgrounds to envision and construct "one community in faith." 9Accompanied Self chapter abstractWhile the notion of the individual figures prominently in the debate about Christian personhood in anthropology, the concept of "relational selves" has shaped much of the existing literature on Japanese self. This chapter takes this seeming divergence between "individual Christian" and "interdependent Japanese" as the point of departure. It probes how Nikkei Brazilian converts narrate their subject positions vis-à-vis the Japanese majority by engaging multiple ideals of personhood. Interestingly, both migrant converts and their Japanese neighbors often articulated their understandings about authentic self by discussing the category of religion. The chapter therefore brings together religion, authenticity, and personhood to illuminate how the Brazilian and Japanese residents in Japan envision the ethics of the self. It concludes that Pentecostal Brazilian migrants uphold that the self should ideally be "accompanied" by the divine Other and discusses glossolalia as one common practice used to foster this vision of accompanied personhood. 10Jesus Loves Japan chapter abstractThis concluding chapter revisits and elaborates on the theme of moral mobility. As the ethnographic expositions in the preceding chapters have shown, mobility is at once spatial, temporal, affective, and ethical. The argument is that movement itself would be simply inconceivable without such moral registers. "Jesus ama o Japão (Jesus loves Japan)" is a phrase that Nikkei migrant converts use in a wide range of contexts. Some migrant converts exclaim the phrase in a triumphant tone while evangelizing Japanese passersby in public; others utter it more hesitantly while reminiscing about the sense of in-betweenness that had haunted them in Japan. In other words, migrant converts resort to the same phrase—"Jesus loves Japan"—to generatively articulate the ethical dimensions of their mobility. The concluding chapter explores how such experiences of moral mobility may be redrawing the boundaries of Nikkei diaspora in the present.

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Book SynopsisThere are more than 700,000 Bulgaristanlı migrants residing in Turkey. Immigrants from Bulgaria who are ethnically Turkish, they assume certain privileges because of these ethnic ties, yet access to citizenship remains dependent on the whims of those in power. Through vivid accounts of encounters with the police and state bureaucracy, of nostalgic memories of home and aspirations for a more secure life in Turkey, Precarious Hope explores the tensions between ethnic privilege and economic vulnerability and rethinks the limits of migrant belonging among those for whom it is intimated and promised—but never guaranteed. In contrast to the typical focus on despair, Ayşe Parla studies the hopefulness of migrants. Turkish immigration policies have worked in lockstep with national aspirations for ethnic, religious, and ideological conformity, offering Bulgaristanlı migrants an advantage over others. Their hope is the product of privilege and an act of dignity and perseverance. It is also a tool of the state, reproducing a migration regime that categorizes some as desirable and others as foreign and dispensable. Through the experiences of the Bulgaristanlı, Precarious Hope speaks to the global predicament in which increasing numbers of people are forced to manage both cultivation of hope and relentless anxiety within structures of inequality.Trade Review"With stunning analytic precision, intellectual grace, and captivating ethnography, Ayşe Parla takes on key debates about precarity and hope. If the migrant is the quintessential figure of our anxious times, this magnificent book is the essential guide to thinking more politically and profoundly about her predicament." -- Lila Abu-Lughod * Columbia University *"Boldness is required in writing a book on contemporary Turkey from the perspective of hope. It is Ayşe Parla's remarkable achievement to have developed in such context an insightful critique of this affective relation to the world. Her fine-grained ethnography offers a profound reflection on ethnonational communities and their imagined futures." -- Didier Fassin * Institute for Advanced Study *"One leaves this book with a profound understanding of hope as a tool of governmentality, a way of being in the world, and a political act. Ayşe Parla shows us how deeply connected law, politics, and emotions are in the precarious lives of migrants." -- Esra Özyürek * London School of Economics and Political Science *"Ayşe Parla's study is truly original and thought-provoking in its focus on the Bulgaristanlı immigrants, a group both welcomed as 'Turkish kin' and marked as different at the same time....Precarious Hope is a welcome and indeed, an invaluable contribution to our understanding of the hopes for belonging that migrants have and how they manage the precariousness of legal recognition." -- Nikos Christofis * Political and Legal Anthropology Review *"It is Parla's insightful, grounded treatment of the unequal distribution of hope that represents the most productive through line inPrecarious Hope, one that might enrich often unproductive discussions surrounding hope and activism in unequal societies." -- Brian Van Wyck * H-Migration *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction: Shielding Hope chapter abstractThe introduction maps the contours of Turkey's migration regime, highlighting its peculiarities in terms of minimal regulation, its excessive reliance on circulars and exceptions, and its religious and racialized criteria for who qualifies as a migrant. It provides a historical overview of migrations from Bulgaria to Turkey since the twentieth century to situate the predicament of the post-1990 labor migrants. It thus presents the ways in which the deep-seated alliance between religious identity (Sunni-Islam) and ethnoracial identity (Turkishness) have defined the legal and affective structures of belonging in Turkey, which in turn, constitute the structural conditions of possibility on which the hope of contemporary Bulgaristanlı migrants rests. The chapter also outlines the theoretical approach taken to hope as a collective structure of feeling that is simultaneously conducive to perseverance and complicit in exclusionary acts. 1The Historical Production of Hope chapter abstractThis chapter probes the cultural significance and legal ramifications of the category of soydaş (racial kin) claimed by the Bulgaristanlı. It locates the status of being soydaş within the hierarchy of otherness produced by Turkey's citizenship regime. Presenting a historical account of migration policy toward soydaş since the founding of the Turkish nation-state, it explains the ebb and flow in the privileges granted to soydaş through a constellation of factors that include ethnonational appropriation, transpolitical instrumentalization, and labor market exploitation. The chapter demonstrates how the status of soydaş both enables legal and cultural access and also reinstates a distance from unmarked belonging. Such strategic but uneasy appropriations of identification as soydaş provide a window onto the hegemonic grammar of racialized citizenship in Turkey not from the point of view of those who are most marginalized but from the point of view of the relatively privileged. 2Entitled Hope chapter abstractThis chapter explores the political and affective economy of hope. It demonstrates how the hope for legalization is differentially distributed and embodied across different migrant groups. This chapter develops the notion of "entitled hope" to characterize the hope cultivated by the Bulgaristanlı migrants. Rather than hoping against the odds, entitled hope veers closer to expectation and draws on a different lineage of thinking about hope that locates its kernel in rationality and attainability. In its emphasis on hope as "structured expectation," this chapter presents ethnographic accounts of the expressions and performances of hope that Bulgaristanlı migrants enact and take for granted in their encounters with the law. Finally, even as this chapter attends to the affective aspects of the differential distribution of hope, it argues against an ontological or epistemological gap between affect and emotion. 3Precarious Hope chapter abstractIf the notion of entitled hope is intended to highlight expectation and likelihood, the notion of precarious hope that is elaborated in chapter 3 aims to capture the uncertainty, unpredictability, and insecurity that mark the experiences of Bulgaristanlı migrants. The chapter presents thick descriptions of precarity experienced by Bulgaristanlı women as they cross the border, interact with officials in the formal and informal spaces of the law, fend off gendered harassment, try to register their children in school, and work in the exploitative market of domestic labor. Heeding the ever-present tension between privilege and precarity in the experiences of Bulgaristanlı migrants who are neither entirely exposed nor entirely protected in their legal and economic status, this chapter also attempts to demarcate the concept of precarity from vulnerability. 4Nostalgia as Hope chapter abstractAlthough ethnic affinity provides a certain protection from the marginalization and harassment routinely faced by other undocumented migrant women in Turkey, the Bulgaristanlı women's morality, too, can quickly become suspect if they are perceived as straying too far from expected gendered norms of dress, demeanor, or work habits. Bulgaristanlı women, in turn, counter the resentment of the class- and gender-based marginalization they suffer through recourse to post-communist nostalgia. Rather than reducing post-communist nostalgia to a melancholic attachment to an idealized past, chapter 4 explores the ways in which Bulgaristanlı migrants utilize post-communist nostalgia as a resource to manage their uneasy reception in Turkey. Considering the temporalities of hope in their full range, the chapter also suggests that any residual attachments to the communist past are manufactured into hopes for a more secure future. Conclusion: Troubling Hope chapter abstractThe concluding chapter brings together the theoretical grounds and the ethnographic terrain covered in the book to posit hope as a criticizable category of analysis and experience. It challenges neat distinctions between goal-oriented hope and open-ended hope by foregrounding the struggles of migrants who hope for the reasonably expected rather than desire the wildly unexpected. It discusses the troubling implications for migrant activism of associating hope only with possibility at the expense of probability. The conclusion reiterates why it is not only crisis-laden hope that carries significance. Hope that is emboldened by a sense of entitlement but that nonetheless remains precarious speaks to a larger predicament in which increasing numbers of migrants and citizens grapple with a relentless anxiety that is barely held in balance by the production and collective cultivation of hope within structures of inequality. A Note on Method, or Hopeful Waiting in Lines chapter abstractThis short chapter describes the scope, duration, and sites of fieldwork as well as the different ethnographic methods deployed. It also discusses questions of categorization, positionality, and the relationship between ethnography and epistemology, especially as it pertains to research on emotions.

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Book SynopsisMigrant Crossings examines the experiences and representations of Asian and Latina/o migrants trafficked in the United States into informal economies and service industries. Through sociolegal and media analysis of court records, press releases, law enforcement campaigns, film representations, theatre performances, and the law, Annie Isabel Fukushima questions how we understand victimhood, criminality, citizenship, and legality. Fukushima examines how migrants legally cross into visibility, through frames of citizenship, and narratives of victimhood. She explores the interdisciplinary framing of the role of the law and the legal system, the notion of "perfect victimhood", and iconic victims, and how trafficking subjects are resurrected for contemporary movements as illustrated in visuals, discourse, court records, and policy. Migrant Crossings deeply interrogates what it means to bear witness to migration in these migratory times—and what such migrant crossings mean for subjects who experience violence during or after their crossing.Trade Review"Migrant Crossings brilliantly dissects our understandings of the plight of Latina and Asian women trafficked into informal economies of sex and service. Combining original analysis of court cases, news accounts, and police reports with the author's experience as a volunteer counselor, Fukushima reveals a legal system that requires a survivor's story to fit the model of 'perfect victimhood' in order to cross into visibility and be deemed worthy of asylum." -- Evelyn Nakano Glenn * University of California, Berkeley *"Migrant Crossings critically examines the framing and impact of the U.S. anti-human trafficking movement. Annie Fukushima explores how our work in the movement is often at odds with our stated objectives and reveals how an individual's experiences are shaped by a racist, misogynistic, and colonialist history. A deeply important read for all of us working to realize the promise of human rights." -- Jean Bruggeman, Executive Director * Freedom Network USA *"Migrant Crossings offers a deeply insightful analysis of the structures of human trafficking. It illustrates linkages between labor migration and human trafficking while convincing readers that vulnerability to human trafficking belongs in a historical continuum of U.S. racial exclusion." -- Rhacel Salazar Parreñas * author of Servants of Globalization: Migration and Domestic Work *"For policymakers, [Migrant Crossings] raises important considerations of how implicit theories & assumptions translate into discriminatory practices, even as we set out to liberate those we have identified as victims." -- Hugo Seron-Anaya * Humanity & Society *"In the literal sense, this work crosses through an impressive range of disciplines, including women's and feminist studies, critical race and ethnic studies, sexuality studies, labor studies, legal studies, and sociology. In the figurative sense, Fukushima has the reader cross from this world into the spooky, abstract world through her 'unsettled witnessing' of 'ghosts' to her discussions of the 'living dead.'... Fukushima's work should be celebrated for the wealth of knowledge and information it has managed to contain in less than 300 pages." –Verjine Adanalian, Human Rights Quarterly"In challenging the notion that human trafficking today is 'new,' Fukushima also shows readers how many of today's policies and discourses related to (im)migration and human trafficking are deeply haunted by the past." -- Samantha Majic * Contemporary Sociology *"Weaving in frameworks bridging media studies, transnational feminist theory, and ethnic studies, the work brings a broadly interdisciplinary and analytically contemplative inquiry into critical antitrafficking studies. Pairing creatively wide-ranging empirical data extending from first and secondary court data to films and various media, Fukushima creates a pastiche that offers viewers a sense of how antitrafficking has created victims and saviors along racist and imperialist logics." -- Elena Shih * American Journal of Sociology *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction: chapter abstractCase-examples of Latino migrants who were seen as victims of human trafficking are juxtaposed with migrant cases, where the alleged victim is seen as a criminal. As such, the introduction opens with the stakes of what it means for some migrants to be seen as victims of human trafficking, and the social, political, and legal consequences of being invisible. Therefore, the introduction introduces the reader to central concepts in the book: criminalization, migrant labor, tethered subjectivity, transnational feminism, witnessing, unsettled witnessing, decolonial and migrant crossings. It also offers a summary of the book. 1An American Haunting: Witnessing Human Trafficking and Ghostly Exclusions chapter abstract"An American Haunting" examines transnational migration, in particular a popularized case referred to as the "ghost case" or the "blessing scam." The blessing scam is an internationally known where Chinese migrants were "swindled" out of their money and jewelry. However, as a normative narrative of criminality circulated in popular media, another story coalesced around a story of vulnerability and victimhood. Through an interdisciplinary and transnational feminist method, I examine how the ghost case was a human trafficking that never was. Through a theory of "unsettled witnessing," this chapter examines the multiple contexts of migration, violence, labor, and informal economies to further unravel the dichotomies that are normalized in human right's rhetoric and practice: victim/criminal, illegal/legal, and citizen/noncitizen. Other cases examined include United States v. Fang Ping Ding and United States v. Kil Soo Lee. 2Legal Control of Migrant Crossings: Citizenship, Labor, and Racialized Sexualities chapter abstract"Legal Genealogies of Migrant Crossings" frames how one is constituted as trafficked by the law, its enforcement, its production through discourse, and its social implications. This chapter contextualizes "modern-day slavery" and U.S. trafficking laws. Due to the layers of scales in which human-trafficking laws exist—state, nation-state, and international—this chapter offers a mapping of human-trafficking laws and their intersections with labor migration and racialized sexualities. 3"Perfect Victims" and Labor Migration chapter abstractThere is a common perception of a "perfect victim" as a passive victim is the norm in anti-trafficking discourse. This chapter explores how notions of victimhood are tied to legality, narrative, and choice. To explore victimhood, legal case studies of domestic servitude are examined: United States v. the Calimlims, United States v. the Jacksons, and United States v. the Lundbergs. The research on Filipina/o migration and diasporic subjectivities is rich; however, few studies examine the Filipina/o trafficking experience in the context of criminality. This chapter juxtaposes immigrant victimhood and criminality through homosocial and coethnic violence of Filipinas trafficking Filipinas. 4Witnessing Legal Narratives, Court Performances, and Translations of Peruvian Domestic Work chapter abstractThis chapter examines the case of United States v. Dann, in which a Peruvian domestic worker was trafficked into servitude in California. Central to this narrative is the testimony, which also must be analyzed as an authoritative document that is performed. This chapter examines raced, gendered, and classed dynamics between the indigenous Latina domestic worker, Liliana, who was perceived of as vulnerable and a victim. In contrast to Liliana, the upper-class Peruvian woman employer, Dann, was constructed as criminal. This case study highlights a deeper understanding of court performances and the role of crying and translation in human-trafficking cases through a micro-case examination in the context of macro-perceptions of human trafficking and immigration. 5(Living)Dead Subjects: Mamasans, Sex Slaves, and Sexualized Economies chapter abstractTrafficking subjects are like the living dead, resurrected time and again for the living. This chapter examines how the representation of Korean sexualities reproduce (living)dead subjects that haunt the living through figures of the comfort woman, sex workers, and sex trafficking in the United States. Korean Americans are addressing their socially dead status, which continues to circulate through mass-media consumption of raids and rescue as exemplified in the film Eden(2012) starring Korean American actress Jamie Chung, premised on the story of a Korean American sex-trafficked survivor. Conclusion: chapter abstractMigrant Crossings ends with technologies and the image of the Cyclops. Through the case of Operation Syclops, the closing chapter ends with surveillance and the terms of legibility that create citizen subjects through frames of victimhood, criminality, and notions of legality. The technologies range from technologies of mobilizing a human rights agenda through apps to surveillance of particular economies such as Asian massage parlors and the U.S. border. It is a reflection of the contemporary climate of human-trafficking laws, immigration, and the climate of terror and insecurity in a post-9/11 era and mobile gendered subjects—trafficked immigrant women.

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Book SynopsisAfter three decades of massive rural-to-urban migration in China, a burgeoning population of over 35 million second-generation migrants living in its cities poses a challenge to socialist modes of population management and urban governance. In The Inconvenient Generation, Minhua Ling offers the first longitudinal study of these migrant youth from middle school to the labor market in the years after the Shanghai municipal government partially opened its public school system to them. Drawing on multi-sited ethnographic data, Ling follows the trajectories of dozens of children coming of age at a time of competing economic and social imperatives, and its everyday ramifications on their sense of identity, educational outcomes, and citizenship claims. Under policies and practices of segmented inclusion, they are inevitably funneled through the school system toward a life of manual labor. Illuminating the aspirations and strategies of these young men and women, Ling captures their experiences against the backdrop of a reemergent global Shanghai.Trade Review"Ranging across all the main sites of social life – work, school, leisure, reproduction – Minhua Ling's comprehensive, meticulous, and valuable ethnography gives a worm's-eye view of life for Shanghai's second-generation migrant youth. On the city's edges and living in insecure, often ramshackle homes, they seek to shape a meaningful life and sense of personal worth under multiple pressures of marginalization, but they are the fastest-growing segment of a soon-to-be mostly migrant city. This picture of Shanghai shows us some of the results of the world's largest-ever human migration and the likely future dimensions of suffering and belonging in mega-cities everywhere."—Paul Willis, author of Learning to Labour"Minhua Ling's sensitive, fine-grained narrative of what she terms 'the inconvenient generation' affords a periscopic vision of ongoing state-structured discrimination against the children of rural migrants as this second generation comes of age. The reader can only ache over her poignant presentation of cosmopolitan dreams and dashed hopes as these young people's onward avenues remain blocked, some three and a half decades since their forebears set forth for the cities. The author's sharp eye, analytical acuity, and compassion have produced an engrossing, empathetic chronicle."—Dorothy J. Solinger, author of Contesting Citizenship in Urban China"Based on an in-depth longitudinal study, The Inconvenient Generation offers an original and riveting ethnographic account of the lived experience of second-generation Chinese migrant youth in a rapidly changing global Shanghai. Beautifully crafted, it is a poignant story about coming of age as 'liminal subjects,' who are caught in China's persistent rural/urban divide and yet strive to attain their dreams and aspirations while facing an unforgiving reality shaped by the urban citizenship regime, a massive demand for manual labor, and segmented inclusion."—Li Zhang, author of Strangers in the City and In Search of Paradise"Minhua Ling offers an incisive account of the segmented inclusion and unequal citizenship facing millions of migrant youths in fast-changing Shanghai....By skilfully interweaving qualitative data with fresh analysis, Ling invites readers to reflect on the long-standing mechanisms of social inequality and their direct impact on the people."—Jenny Chan, Journal of Asian Studies

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Book SynopsisToday, the concept of "the refugee" as distinct from other migrants looms large. Immigration laws have developed to reinforce a dichotomy between those viewed as voluntary, often economically motivated, migrants who can be legitimately excluded by potential host states, and those viewed as forced, often politically motivated, refugees who should be let in. In Crossing, Rebecca Hamlin argues against advocacy positions that cling to this distinction. Everything we know about people who decide to move suggests that border crossing is far more complicated than any binary, or even a continuum, can encompass. Drawing on cases of various "border crises" across Europe, North America, South America, and the Middle East, Hamlin outlines major inconsistencies and faulty assumptions on which the binary relies. The migrant/refugee binary is not just an innocuous shorthand—indeed, its power stems from the way in which it is painted as apolitical. In truth, the binary is a dangerous legal fiction, politically constructed with the ultimate goal of making harsh border control measures more ethically palatable to the public. This book is a challenge to all those invested in the rights and study of migrants to move toward more equitable advocacy for all border crossers.Trade Review"Crossing is a theoretically rich, historically informed, and empirically sweeping corrective to misleading narratives about forced versus voluntary migration and the legal realities they generate. Rebecca Hamlin excavates the deep harms done by imposing distorting categories on the diverse realities of migrant lives and shows us how better language and laws will benefit everyone."—Elizabeth F. Cohen, Syracuse University"A remarkable book. Hamlin applies deep insight and meticulous research to explore the expedient but misleading wisdom that sharply distinguishes refugees from migrants. This is essential reading for anyone eager for a pathbreaking and surely influential perspective on migration in the twenty-first century."—Hiroshi Motomura, UCLA School of Law"Hamlin's book indeed wakes interest for these aspects: what is that space called 'beyond binaries' like and how are we to navigate it without use of other concepts that make sense in relation to their origin?"—Aina Backman, Anthropology Book Forum"In this book, Rebecca Hamlin has skillfully brought into view the manifold consequences of the persistent migrant/refugee binary on policy, advocacy, and scholarship. Illuminating both its origins and effects, and offering impulses for challenging it, Crossing is set to become a key point of reference for those seeking to deconstruct the problematic binary 'migrant/refugee' logic – and potentially paves the way for a deconstruction of the logic of the border itself."—Silvester Schlebrügge, Ethnic and Racial StudiesTable of Contents1. The Migrant/Refugee Binary 2. Uneven Sovereignties 3. Academic Study 4. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 5. The Global South 6. Arrivals in Europe 7. American Public Discourse 8. Beyond Binary Thinking

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Book SynopsisChallenging the commonly held perception that immigrants' lives are shaped exclusively by their sending and receiving countries, Here, There, and Elsewhere breaks new ground by showing how immigrants are vectors of globalization who both produce and experience the interconnectedness of societies—not only the societies of origin and destination, but also, the societies in places beyond. Tahseen Shams posits a new concept for thinking about these places that are neither the immigrants' homeland nor hostland—the "elsewhere." Drawing on rich ethnographic data, interviews, and analysis of the social media activities of South Asian Muslim Americans, Shams uncovers how different dimensions of the immigrants' ethnic and religious identities connect them to different elsewheres in places as far-ranging as the Middle East, Europe, and Africa. Yet not all places in the world are elsewheres. How a faraway foreign land becomes salient to the immigrant's sense of self depends on an interplay of global hierarchies, homeland politics, and hostland dynamics. Referencing today's 24-hour news cycle and the ways that social media connects diverse places and peoples at the touch of a screen, Shams traces how the homeland, hostland, and elsewhere combine to affect the ways in which immigrants and their descendants understand themselves and are understood by others. Trade Review"This brilliantly argued, beautifully written book pushes migration studies in an entirely new direction. Identifying a conceptual space located outside both countries of immigration and emigration and to which the immigrants have no direct connection, Shams provides an entirely novel demonstration of how conflicts stemming from the world's 'elsewhere' places shape the collective identity categories available to immigrants and their descendants. An important work, yielding lessons for both scholars and students to savor and ponder." -- Roger Waldinger * University of California, Los Angeles *"This is a tour de force. Combining nuanced ethnography with multi-sited historical analysis, Shams shows how South Asian immigrants' lives in the U.S. are shaped not only by where they come from and where they go, but also by events in third places they have never been. The surprising centrality of these 'elsewheres' is a breakthrough insight in migration studies." -- David Scott FitzGerald * author of Refuge beyond Reach: How Rich Democracies Repel Asylum Seekers *"A significant body of contemporary migration research assumes that a dualistic focus on the country of origin and host society are appropriate for the creation of cutting-edge accounts of contemporary migration. In her study of South Asian Muslims and their descendants settling in California, Tahseen Shams challenges the adequacy of the homeland/hostland approach by demonstrating that depictions of events in migrants' countries of origin as well as those in regions to which these migrants have no connection—such as Syria, Palestine, Nigeria, and Western Europe—significantly influence their acceptance and adjustment. In so doing, Here, There, and Elsewhere advances our approach for understanding migration, resettlement, and transnational phenomena." -- Steven J. Gold * Michigan State University *"In this well-written and timely ethnographic study, Shams draws on her insider knowledge as a first-generation Bangladeshi-American woman to eloquently illustrate how different generations of South Asian Muslims navigate their identities as Muslims....Moving beyond a simple homeland-hostland binary, Shams' book is a welcoming intervention in both theories of assimilation and transnationalism." -- Cristine S. Khan and Van C. Tran * Social Forces *"[A] significant intervention in how we understand immigrants' lived experiences....Shams effectively uses examples from her fieldwork to convey the utility of the multicentered relational framework to various arenas of South Asian Muslim Americans' identity construction, while leaving analytical space for this concept to be further developed through additional case studies of other immigrant groups within and outside of the U.S.A. This is an important book." -- Adrienne Lee Atterberry * South Asian Diaspora *"This well-written book presents new insights and an alternative model for researching immigrant communities, and contributessignificantly to migration, religious, and ethnic studies. Recommended." -- D. A. Chekki * CHOICE *"Here, There, and Elsewhere is pushing the boundaries of immigrant studies by pointing to the importance of global interconnections in understanding immigrant identity and socialization. It is worthy of serious attention by scholars of immigration and ethnic studies." -- Sangay Mishra * Ethnic and Racial Studies *"Tahseen Shams's Here, There, and Elsewhere: The Making of Immigrant Identities in a Globalized World tells an important story about migrants: how migrant communities are interconnected to a host land and homeland, here and there, respectively. This is a compelling and thought-provoking concept, what Shams terms as an 'elsewhere,' that builds upon existing transnational feminist theories, by which Shams illuminates how a place neither 'here' nor 'there' can shape the migrant experience." -- Annie Isabel Fukushima * American Journal of Sociology *"Shams's groundbreaking multicentered relational framework of Here, There, and Elsewhere: The Making of Immigrant Identities in a Globalized World is a model to understand migrants' identity and their sense of belonging beyond the homeland-hostland dyad and the influence of 'Elsewhere.'" -- Sumiya Mahmud * The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology *"Many scholars have attempted to address integration, assimilation, or enculturation as a way to make sense of the immigrant journey of identity shaping and shift in the hostland. Shams allows us to think on a multidimensional plane where identity can be informed by acts of individual agency, such as supporting Palestine, or acts of protection, such as subscribing to the 'good Muslim' script. These examples are influenced by the history and politics of the home and host countries. Shams allows for immigrants to be seen as individuals, without essentializing their stories based on their Muslimness." -- Ashvina Patel * H-Diplo *Table of ContentsContents and Abstracts1Societies Interconnected chapter abstractThis chapter introduces a new concept for thinking about the places that are neither the immigrants' homeland nor hostland, but which are nonetheless salient in their identity-making processes. Extending the foundational frameworks of international migration that focus exclusively on the dynamics within or between the sending and receiving countries, this chapter provides an overview of the book's key argument—that contrary to dyadic explanations, how immigrants self-identify and how they are identified by others are shaped by geopolitics unfolding in the homeland, hostland, and "elsewhere." The chapter also outlines the book's methodological justifications and sources of data, namely ethnographic observations, interviews, and social media data of sixty South Asian Muslim Americans in California. 2Beyond Here and There: The Multicentered Relational Framework chapter abstract"Elsewhere" does not mean everywhere. Using examples from both contemporary politics and immigration history, this chapter uses a new analytical model—the multicentered relational framework—to show how a faraway foreign place gains salience for an immigrant group and becomes an "elsewhere." Serving as the theoretical spine of the book, this chapter outlines the variations of "elsewhere" and its limitations. The chapter next expounds the three facets of the multicentered relational framework—namely, homeland-hostland, hostland-"elsewhere," and "elsewhere"-homeland—to show how each reveals different dimensions of immigrants' collective identity formation. 3Global Dimensions of Homeland Ties chapter abstractThis chapter shows how immigrants' homeland ties gain global dimensions based on hostland-"elsewhere" interactions. Using examples of Bangladeshi, Pakistani, and Indian immigrants' homeland politics, it shows that the struggles for nation-building in the sending countries are not insulated within just those societies but are instead shaped by their interactions with "elsewheres," specifically the Middle East and Europe. These struggles are at times mirrored among the immigrant communities in America, while some homeland cleavages lose relevance over time. Yet some other homeland boundaries gain life anew as they take on new, globally informed meanings for the immigrants based on hostland sociopolitics and "elsewhere' dynamics. 4The Geopolitics of Being "Good Muslims" in America chapter abstractThis chapter shows how "elsewhere" geopolitics exacerbate social pressures on Muslim and "Muslim-looking" groups in post-9/11 America. Often stereotyped as model minorities based on their race/ethnicity, South Asian Americans, if they are Muslim, are viewed as threats in moments of crisis. Members of this immigrant group often strive to present themselves as "good," "moderate" Muslims and highlighting the universal values they share such as peacefulness. Islamic organizations also highlight the compatibility of Islam with American values by "Islamizing" aspects of American culture on the one hand, and "Americanizing" tenets of Islam on the other. The strategies of individuals can inadvertently lead to political silence, whereas organizational strategies can involve Muslims in U.S. politics, advocating for their interests here and "elsewhere." 5"Muslims in Danger" Both Here and Elsewhere chapter abstractThis chapter traces how and why "elsewhere" gains salience in immigrants' self-identification, at times more than their homelands. Many South Asian Muslim immigrants interpret their collective position in America using examples of "elsewheres" where Muslims are also a stigmatized minority. These "elsewhere" examples combined with the homeland's colonized past, the post-9/11 U.S. context, and ongoing tensions between the hostland United States and the Middle East reinforce the immigrants' worldview that "the West" is biased against "the Muslim world." This perspective leads them to participate politically in ways they believe will favorably impact not only the condition of Muslims in America but also anticolonial efforts of Muslims in the Middle East. These examples of "elsewhere" orientations demonstrate immigrants' long-distance nationalism and political transnationalism. 6Taking Precautions Here for "Muslims in Conflict" Elsewhere chapter abstractBased on analysis of public and participant reactions to six ISIS attacks—two in Europe (Paris and Brussels), two in the Middle East (Beirut and Istanbul), and two in the United States (San Bernardino, California, and Orlando, Florida)—this chapter shows that conflicts in "elsewhere" Europe influence host country perceptions of South Asian Muslims more than the conflicts in the Middle East do. The Islamist attacks in Europe and in the U.S. generated comparable levels of response. Muslims' fear of backlash and the precautions they took for their safety were comparable in each case. Conversely, Islamist attacks in the Middle East generated low levels of reaction, even from Muslims who self-identified with that region. This incongruity is influenced by the media, geopolitics, global discourse on Muslims, and the prevailing public imaginary of the West and the Muslim world. 7Here, There, and Elsewhere chapter abstractThis book presents several questions for migration and race scholars. Does "elsewhere" influence black Muslim identities, or is it an immigrant phenomenon? Are "elsewhere" effects present for predominantly non-Muslim but racialized "Muslim-looking" groups, like Latino/a? With South Asian Muslim Americans responding to Muslim-related contexts in the Middle East, are places in South Asia with Muslim majorities then "elsewheres" for Arab and Middle Eastern Americans? If not, why? How can the multicentered relational framework be used to analyze immigrant identities outside the U.S. context? This concluding chapter reflects on possible answers to these questions and on the political developments unfolding globally.

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Book SynopsisAfter three decades of massive rural-to-urban migration in China, a burgeoning population of over 35 million second-generation migrants living in its cities poses a challenge to socialist modes of population management and urban governance. In The Inconvenient Generation, Minhua Ling offers the first longitudinal study of these migrant youth from middle school to the labor market in the years after the Shanghai municipal government partially opened its public school system to them. Drawing on multi-sited ethnographic data, Ling follows the trajectories of dozens of children coming of age at a time of competing economic and social imperatives, and its everyday ramifications on their sense of identity, educational outcomes, and citizenship claims. Under policies and practices of segmented inclusion, they are inevitably funneled through the school system toward a life of manual labor. Illuminating the aspirations and strategies of these young men and women, Ling captures their experiences against the backdrop of a reemergent global Shanghai.Trade Review"Ranging across all the main sites of social life – work, school, leisure, reproduction – Minhua Ling's comprehensive, meticulous, and valuable ethnography gives a worm's-eye view of life for Shanghai's second-generation migrant youth. On the city's edges and living in insecure, often ramshackle homes, they seek to shape a meaningful life and sense of personal worth under multiple pressures of marginalization, but they are the fastest-growing segment of a soon-to-be mostly migrant city. This picture of Shanghai shows us some of the results of the world's largest-ever human migration and the likely future dimensions of suffering and belonging in mega-cities everywhere."—Paul Willis, author of Learning to Labour"Minhua Ling's sensitive, fine-grained narrative of what she terms 'the inconvenient generation' affords a periscopic vision of ongoing state-structured discrimination against the children of rural migrants as this second generation comes of age. The reader can only ache over her poignant presentation of cosmopolitan dreams and dashed hopes as these young people's onward avenues remain blocked, some three and a half decades since their forebears set forth for the cities. The author's sharp eye, analytical acuity, and compassion have produced an engrossing, empathetic chronicle."—Dorothy J. Solinger, author of Contesting Citizenship in Urban China"Based on an in-depth longitudinal study, The Inconvenient Generation offers an original and riveting ethnographic account of the lived experience of second-generation Chinese migrant youth in a rapidly changing global Shanghai. Beautifully crafted, it is a poignant story about coming of age as 'liminal subjects,' who are caught in China's persistent rural/urban divide and yet strive to attain their dreams and aspirations while facing an unforgiving reality shaped by the urban citizenship regime, a massive demand for manual labor, and segmented inclusion."—Li Zhang, author of Strangers in the City and In Search of Paradise"Minhua Ling offers an incisive account of the segmented inclusion and unequal citizenship facing millions of migrant youths in fast-changing Shanghai....By skilfully interweaving qualitative data with fresh analysis, Ling invites readers to reflect on the long-standing mechanisms of social inequality and their direct impact on the people."—Jenny Chan, Journal of Asian Studies

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Book SynopsisCourt of Injustice reveals how immigration lawyers work to achieve just results for their clients in a system that has long denigrated the rights of those they serve. J.C. Salyer specifically investigates immigration enforcement in New York City, following individual migrants, their lawyers, and the NGOs that serve them into the immigration courtrooms that decide their cases. This book is an account of the effects of the implementation of U.S. immigration law and policy. Salyer engages directly with the specific laws and procedures that mandate harsh and inhumane outcomes for migrants and their families. Combining anthropological and legal analysis, Salyer demonstrates the economic, historical, political, and social elements that go into constructing inequity under law for millions of non-citizens who live and work in the United States. Drawing on both ethnographic research conducted in New York City and on the author's knowledge and experience as a practicing immigration lawyer at a non-profit organization, this book provides unique insight into the workings and effects of U.S. immigration law. Court of Injustice provides an up-close view of the experiences of immigration lawyers at non-profit organizations, in law school clinics, and in private practice to reveal limitations and possibilities available to non-citizens under U.S. immigration law. In this way, this book provides a new perspective on the study of migration by focusing specifically on the laws, courts, and people involved in U.S. immigration law. Trade Review"This book does such a powerful job of recounting the sad, complicated and disempowering history of immigration laws. It clarifies not just for academics but for everyone that the denial of due process is central to how the legal system responds to immigrants. But what I love about this work is the humanity that J.C. Salyer brings with it. In the end we see that we are all these immigrants and refugees. They are our future and our past and every single one of us is called upon now to see this and act." -- Maria Hinojosa * Latino USA *"Court of Injustice identifies the real structural and procedural problems for noncitizens facing removal from the United States. Salyer's unique perspective on legal services for immigration clients reveals the inequities inherent in the court system and how enforcement policies often preordain outcomes. Policymakers should play close attention to this book." -- Bill Ong Hing * University of San Francisco *"Salyer combines vast legal knowledge with deft anthropological analysis to produce a comprehensive and engaging account of today's immigration system. Highlighting the lawyers navigating a treacherous legal system, this book is a unique, essential, urgent read for anyone who cares about immigration and immigrants today." -- Cecilia Menjívar, University of California * Los Angeles *"Court of Injustice brings a critical ethnographic lens to understanding the reproduction of inequality, xenophobia and racism in U.S. immigration. Salyer dismantles the fictions of 'rule of law' and 'national security' to reveal an arbitrary and punitive federal system decades in the making, and how local governments, lawyers, and civil society are fighting back." -- Shannon Gleeson * Cornell University *"Salyer's focus on disparities across jurisdictions and among individual immigration judges, and particularly the unique role of the NYIFUP as a countervailing force, highlights how local contexts deeply shape immigrants' experiences of justice or lack thereof. This firsthand, detailed account of how the U.S. immigration legal system creates inequality is an important read for sociologists interested in immigration, criminal justice reform, and law and society." -- Ariela Schachter * American Journal of Sociology *"Court of Injustice impressively combines legal and anthropological expertise, contrasting the nuance of law and practice with the on-the-ground experiences of individuals working within the system. There is much to deconstruct in the realm of immigration law, but by interrogating the every day experiences of lawyers, we are able to catch a glimpse of effective forms of resistance, such as the program in New York City, absent legislative reform. By understanding the intricacies of the practice of immigration law, Salyer offers his readers insight into both the challenges and complexities of practicing within this system, and the possibilities for liberatory change." -- Anita Maddali * Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Books *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction: The Paradoxes of U.S. Immigration Law and Deportation chapter abstractBy introducing the anti-immigrant policies of the Trump administration, this chapter explores the broader nature and history of anti-immigrant policies and the deprivation of the rights and interests of immigrants. It introduces the main arguments of the book, which are that immigration law fears migrants in a manner that is so overbroad that it punishes, detains, and deports immigrants who bear little resemblance to the stated fears used to justify the laws and that these practices go unchecked by the courts, which defer to the political branches of government under the plenary power doctrine. Finally, the introduction argues that we can learn a lot about the potential for resistance and reform by understanding how lawyers advocating for their clients in immigration courts are sometimes able to achieve just results for their clients even within this unfair system. 1Migrants, Criminal Aliens, and Folk Devils chapter abstractThis chapter uses the ethnographic example of a young man named Omar to illustrate how history, political and economic changes, and race are intertwined in the production of sweeping immigration laws aimed at the perceived dangers of criminal aliens and explores how the 1996 amendments to immigration laws were a manifestation of a neoliberal ideology that constructed "aliens and citizens as different kinds of persons" (Greenhouse 2013, 104). The chapter shows how a key aspect of these changes was removing discretion to make individualized judgments from immigration judges and how the restoration of this discretion is necessary to reach just results. 2A Social History of the Development of U.S. Immigration Law chapter abstractThis chapter addresses how the contemporary position of migrants relates to the historical development of U.S. immigration law. The chapter explores how more than a century of immigration legislation and judicial interpretation created both substantive and procedural limits on the protection of migrants' rights. In particular, the chapter shows that the trend has been for perceived threats to be projected in the form of an abstract alien, who embodies those dangers, but for the laws that are passed to be so broad that they affect actual individuals who do not present those threats. 3The Role of Lawyers and Judges in U.S. Immigration Law chapter abstractThis chapter draws on participant observation and interviews to examine current immigration law and focuses, in part, on areas in which immigration judges still retain some discretion: asylum cases and cancellation-of-removal cases. The chapter explores how, even within the relatively rigid system of laws that make up current immigration law, immigration lawyers are able to retain and exploit some flexibility to achieve favorable outcomes for the individuals they assist. 4Law Without Recognition: Excluded Equities and Judges Without Discretion chapter abstractThis chapter explores the particular provisions of contemporary immigration law and the effects they have on individuals. Drawing on participant observation and the experiences of immigration lawyers who were interviewed, the chapter illustrates areas where current immigration law is inflexible and fails to account for individual circumstances and equities and focuses on examples that illustrate both the possibility of a more humane immigration law and the process by which that possibility has been lost under current law. 5The New York Immigrant Family Unity Project: A Revolution Such as Lawyers Would Mount chapter abstractThis chapter provides a detailed account of NYIFUP, which is the first government-funded assigned counsel system for indigent detained migrants facing deportation. The chapter shows how NYIFUP is able to not merely improve access to counsel for individual clients but also use its institutional structure to make broader challenges to existing laws and practices and to systematically document abuse, mistreatment, and injustice suffered by migrants in detention and in removal. Conclusion: The Limitations and Possibilities of U.S. Immigration Law chapter abstractThis chapter concludes the book by arguing that one of the main failings of the current immigration system is its refusal to recognize individual equities, such as family relationships, hardships, and social participation and contributions. By examining the Supreme Court's rationale in Trump v. Hawaii, this chapter analyzes how the socio-legal position of migrants is conceptualized. The chapter argues that although immigration law is not itself the sole or main cause of (or solution to) issues of inequality and injustice that relate to migration, its current formalistic and inflexible nature should not be allowed to reduce complex individual, historic, political, and economic events and relationships to narrow legal categories that limit the ability to provide justice to people in precarious positions not of their own making. The chapter ends by recommending areas for reform.

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Book SynopsisMigranthood chronicles deportation from the perspectives of Indigenous youth who migrate unaccompanied from Guatemala to Mexico and the United States. In communities of origin in Guatemala, zones of transit in Mexico, detention centers for children in the U.S., government facilities receiving returned children in Guatemala, and communities of return, young people share how they negotiate everyday violence and discrimination, how they and their families prioritize limited resources and make difficult decisions, and how they develop and sustain relationships over time and space. Anthropologist Lauren Heidbrink shows that Indigenous youth cast as objects of policy, not participants, are not passive recipients of securitization policies and development interventions. Instead, Indigenous youth draw from a rich social, cultural, and political repertoire of assets and tactics to navigate precarity and marginality in Guatemala, including transnational kin, social networks, and financial institutions. By attending to young people's perspectives, we learn the critical roles they play as contributors to household economies, local social practices, and global processes. The insights and experiences of young people uncover the transnational effects of securitized responses to migration management and development on individuals and families, across space, citizenship status, and generation. They likewise provide evidence to inform child protection and human rights locally and internationally.Trade Review"Heidbrink brings nuance, clarity, and depth to the lived experiences of Indigenous youth fleeing violence, hunger, and lack of opportunity in Guatemala. Migranthood unpacks contemporary post-conflict political, economic, and criminal violence as markers of youth migration. A must-read for anyone who cares about migrant youth, and a wake-up call for policymakers recycling failed immigration and development policies." -- Victoria Sanford * City University of New York *"This gripping account of contemporary migration sheds much needed light on the experiences of unaccompanied Indigenous minors as they navigate border controls and violence. With keen insights and eloquent prose, Migranthood reveals the real-life consequences of securitization policies on the most vulnerable. An essential read." -- Roberto G. Gonzales * author of Lives in Limbo: Undocumented and Coming of Age in America *"[Heidbrink] offers rich portraits of young people eager to help their families through 'irregular migration' and ashamed of their failed attempts. Their stories are made more meaningful by Heidbrink's deft analysis of the historical abuse of indigenous groups by Guatemalan political and economic elites....This nuanced assessment suggests the narrowness of increasingly securitizing policy making and denying families' cultural and economic realities. Recommended." -- M. Morrissey * CHOICE *"[A] poignant juxtaposition of the contrasting perspectives of migrant youth and the multiple governmental and non-governmental authorities, both in Guatemala and the United States, responsible for migration management. By weaving the detailed chronicles of migration and deportation provided by youth with the discourses circulating in legal, medical, and humanitarian interventions, Heidbrink effectively debunks reductionist images of monolithic depictions of migranthood.'" -- Virginia Diez and Jayanthi Mistry * Teachers College Record *"[This book] makes key contributions to methodology and scholarly debates and is a must-read for scholars and students of international migration, development, and childhood studies....Migranthood is an ambitious book that lays the groundwork for future research to continue investigating the contradictory effects of the link between development and migration, and the perspectives and roles of youths as independent migratory actors embedded in larger communities." -- Chiara Galli * Ethnic and Racial Studies *"Migranthood validates youth agency, clearly making connections between systemic failures in immigration policy, securitization, and development. It is a much-needed contribution that gives depth not only to the consequences of migration and deportation beyond youth and their families but also to how the effects reverberate across communities, temporally and spatially." -- Diane Sabenacio Nititham * Jeunesse *"[A] robust understanding of youth migration....[Anchored] in an honest and systematic effort to listen to, understand, and learn from the migration experiences of Indigenous youth, Heidbrink's skillfully crafted arguments challenge many dominant frameworks." -- María V. Barbero * Children's Geographies *"[Heidbrink] contributes important insights regarding how policy affects migrant youths' experiences pre- and post deportation. This text has the potential to engage interdisciplinary audiences in education, sociology, and anthropology as well as scholars wanting to challenge misconceptions of migration and its impact on youth, families, and communities." -- Sophia Rodriguez * Anthropology and Education Quarterly *"[A] methodologically sophisticated study.It captures the tragic social cost of displacement and deportation from the view of Indigenous youth, as well as their efforts to understand and resist the old and new forms of dispossession and exploitation they experience." -- Alison Elizabeth Lee * Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology *"As I was reading Migranthood, record numbers of child migrants were arriving at the southern border of the United States, the vast majority from Central America. I was immediately struck by how clearly Heidbrink's analysis of migranthood – the complex political and social construction of migration – critically responded to the simplistic narratives presented in the media. Heidbrink's theoretical framework has given me a much more nuanced lens to bring to the so-called "border crisis" and the media and political representations of it.... Beautifully and clearly written, this is a book of urgent theoretical and political importance." -- Leah Schmalzbauer * Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Books *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction chapter abstractThis chapter introduces the book's three main arguments. First, the narratives of migrant and deported youth challenge the ways that the law and public policy homogenize the complex, multifaceted, and varied experiences of young migrants. Second, securitized approaches to migration management, often under the guise of "development," is a mode of governance that moves across and beyond geopolitical space, increasingly ensnaring children and youth in this global immigration dragnet. Third, in Central America, Indigenous communities are disproportionately impacted by the adverse consequences of the securitization of migration management revealing the enduring and transnational reach of public policy across geopolitical space and generation. By interrogating how violence is produced and practiced across borders and how Indigenous youth navigate this violence following deportation, Heidbrink rethinks how and why youth are on the move. The chapter describes the mixed-methods enlisted in this 5-year, multi-sited study and outlines the forthcoming chapters. 1Youth as Agents, Caregivers, and Migrants chapter abstractSeemingly new patterns of migration among Central American children suggest that young people are engaged in intergenerational survival strategies that are increasingly transnational and youth-led. Enlisting multi-sited ethnography with young people and their families across the U.S., Mexico and Guatemala, this chapter examines how young people enlist social agency through their care work, paid labor, and mobility. As seasonal, regional and transnational migrants, young people enlist migration as a collective and historically-rooted survival strategy that responds to their past experiences of violence and marginalization and to their present and future needs. In tracing the ways young people enact care and belonging through social and physical mobility, this chapter argues that the contemporary transnational migration of Indigenous youth is a cultural elaboration of care, one rooted in historical displacements of Indigenous communities. 2Widening the Frame chapter abstractChapter two utilizes the method of multi-media elicitation with young people to dissect discourses that emerged from official media campaigns intended to deter child migration. Youth identifies the ways these official messages infantilize young people, criminalize their parents, and pathologize migration. Analyzing discourses about youth alongside narratives by youth reveals the consequential disconnect between the imagined and lived experiences of young people and their families. In critiquing the campaign and its many pitfalls, young people widen the frame of reference by alternatively interpreting the reasons for and consequences of migration and deportation. In so doing, they evaluate the efficacy of policy responses to child migration in Central America. 3The Making of a Crisis chapter abstractIn spite of media headlines which claim that child migration is the crisis du jour, chapter three argues that the influx of young migrants in 2014 and 2018 are policy-made crises. Chapter three situates the testimonio of Liseth, a Mam woman who was a refugee in Mexico as a child, alongside key historical and contemporary policy initiatives to illustrate how colonialism, armed conflict, the proliferation of plantations, and extractive industries have displaced Indigenous communities across generations. The chapter argues that these displacements are emblematic of the growing securitization of migration management and of development aid in "post-conflict" Guatemala. Key policies analyzed include the Southern Border Program, the Central American Minors program, and the Plan for the Alliance for Prosperity. Ultimately, the chapter contends that the securitization of aid spurs rather than deters migration. 4¿Quédate y qué? chapter abstractChapter four analyzes how discourses about child migration seep into government interventions and institutional practice and how young people experience them. The chapter begins by recounting the narrative of 16-year-old Delia as she is deported from a U.S. facility for unaccompanied children to a government processing center in Guatemala City. The chapter continues with the examination of development initiatives that explicitly claim to support returned youth like Delia, to reintegrate them into communities, and to create alternatives to (re)migration. These development initiatives not only fail to effectively support young people but also reinforce long-standing social hierarchies between the ladino (mixed-race) elite and Indigenous communities in Guatemala. 5Negotiating Returns chapter abstractChapter five examines how young people variously experience removal following deportation—as children of deported parents or madres y padres deportados; as U.S. citizen children who arrive in Guatemala as they accompany their parents following removal or as llegadas; and as unaccompanied children who are deported as retornados. The in-depth narratives of young people focus on the social, emotional, and financial impacts of removal on intimate, familial relationships over time. Conceptually, these diverse and multiple experiences of removal allow us to recognize the depth and breadth of deportation's impacts on young people and their families. The chapter argues that deportation is a process, one with rippling effects on individuals and families over time and geopolitical space. 6Debt and Indebtedness chapter abstractMoving beyond the individual and familial impacts of migration and deportation, Chapter six details the community-level impacts of securitization and development in the highland town of Almolonga. Known as the "breadbasket" of Central America, Almolonga enjoys a thriving agricultural economy including abundant employment opportunities given the multiple seasons of crops, selling in local markets, and commerce to and from Mexico and El Salvador. Yet, the migration of young people continues unabated. Enlisting a household survey, this chapter examines local critiques of development and explores how community members alternatively navigate precarity through the growing use of credit and debt, often with detrimental effects across generations. 7El derecho a no migrar chapter abstractChapter seven reflects on the policy lessons learned from Indigenous youth, arguing that there is an urgent need for rigorous, publicly-accessible, and engaged research. The book concludes with the ways young people envision "the right to not migrate" as a transformative process that aspires to 'el buen vivir (the good life)', an Indigenous political project rooted in the valorization of Indigenous ways of knowing and the advancement of a collective well-being, broadly conceived. Young people link internal and community-based decolonizing projects as critical to broader social and, indeed, global transformation.

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Book SynopsisThe 2012 Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program was supposed to be a stepping stone, a policy innovation announced by the White House designed to put pressure on Congress for a broader, lasting set of legislative changes. Those changes never materialized, and the people who hoped to benefit from them have been forced to navigate a tense and contradictory policy landscape ever since, haunted by these unfulfilled promises. Legal Phantoms tells their story. After Congress failed to pass a comprehensive immigration bill in 2013, President Obama pivoted in 2014 to supplementing DACA with a deferred action program (known as DAPA) for the parents of citizens and lawful permanent residents and a DACA expansion (DACA+) in 2014. But challenges from Republican-led states prevented even these programs from going into effect. Interviews with would-be applicants, immigrant-rights advocates, and government officials reveal how such failed immigration-reform efforts continue to affect not only those who had hoped to benefit, but their families, communities, and the country in which they have made an uneasy home. Out of the ashes of these lost dreams, though, people find their own paths forward through uncharted legal territory with creativity and resistance.Trade Review"Legal Phantoms is the rare book that captures both the structural and human costs imposed by America's patchwork approach to immigration. It offers richly faceted analysis of how DACA has operated, its relationship to racist crimmigration regimes, and the tolls of temporariness on recipients. This is urgent reading for anyone who is concerned with immigrant precarity."—Elizabeth Cohen, Boston University"Impressive in focus and scope and meticulously researched, Legal Phantoms renders accessible the mesmerizing complexity of the immigration system that spews temporality into immigrants' lives while humanizing those who are entangled in its web. This superb team of scholars has crafted a lasting, indispensable resource for scholars, policy makers, and anyone who cares about immigrants today."—Cecilia Menjívar, University of California-Los Angeles

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Book SynopsisThe 21st century has seen growing numbers of seniors turning to migration in response to newfound challenges to traditional forms of retirement and old-age support, such as increased longevity, demographically aging populations, and global neoliberal trends reducing state welfare. Chinese-born migrants to the U.S. serve as an exemplary case of this trend, with 30 percent of all migrants since 1990 being at least 60 years old. This book tells their story, arguing that they demonstrate the significance of age as a mediating factor that is fundamentally important for considering how migration is experienced. The subjects of this study are situated at the crossroads of Chinese immigrant and Chinese-American experiences, embodying many of the ambiguities and paradoxes that complicate common understandings of each group. These are older individuals who have waited their whole lives to migrate to the U.S. to rejoin family but often experience unanticipated family conflict when they arrive. They are retirees living at the social and economic margins of American society who nonetheless find significant opportunities to achieve meaningful retired lifestyles. They are members of a diaspora spanning vast regional and ideological differences, yet their wellbeing hinges on everyday interactions with others in this diverse community. Their stories highlight the many possibilities for mutual engagement that connect Chinese and American ways of being and belonging in the world.Trade Review"In this timely and intriguing book, Newendorp offers a vivid and insightful anthropological account of the unique and multifaceted experiences of Chinese senior migrants as well as their sustained struggles and aspirations for belonging, wellbeing, dignity, and the good life in American society. It propels readers to rethink the meanings and possibilities of retirement and aging in the age of global mobility." -- Li Zhang * University of California, Davis, author of In Search of Paradise and Strangers in the City *"Chinese Senior Migrants and the Globalization of Retirement is a thoroughly researched, well written, and engaging ethnographic study of contemporary Cantonese senior migration. Though centered in Boston's Chinatown, Newendorp skilfully contextualizes the migration stories of Cantonese seniors within broader historical trajectories of pre- and post-1949 Cantonese transnational migration, as she speaks to the broader phenomenon of the 'globalization of retirement.'" -- Andrea Louie * Michigan State University *

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Book SynopsisArgentina lies at the heart of the American hemisphere's history of global migration booms of the mid-nineteenth to early twentieth century: by 1910, one of every three Argentine residents was an immigrant—twice the demographic impact that the United States experienced in the boom period. In this context, some one hundred and forty thousand Ottoman Syrians came to Argentina prior to World War I, and over the following decades Middle Eastern communities, institutions, and businesses dotted the landscape of Argentina from bustling Buenos Aires to Argentina's most remote frontiers. Argentina in the Global Middle East connects modern Latin American and Middle Eastern history through their shared links to global migration systems. By following the mobile lives of individuals with roots in the Levantine Middle East, Lily Pearl Balloffet sheds light on the intersections of ethnicity, migrant–homeland ties, and international relations. Ranging from the nineteenth century boom in transoceanic migration to twenty-first century dynamics of large-scale migration and displacement in the Arabic-speaking Eastern Mediterranean, this book considers key themes such as cultural production, philanthropy, anti-imperial activism, and financial networks over the course of several generations of this diasporic community. Balloffet's study situates this transregional history of Argentina and the Middle East within a larger story of South-South alliances, solidarities, and exchanges.Trade Review"A highly original and revealing exploration of the Syrian-Lebanese experience in Argentina, this multi-layered inquiry into the circulation and interplay of migrants, networks, and material culture at various spatial scales makes this book a model for migration and diaspora studies in general."—José C. Moya, Barnard College, Columbia University"Lily Balloffet's work is not only a timely intervention in the social history of Middle Eastern diaspora and Argentina, but also sets an ambitious new course for migration studies. This fascinating study reveals the complexity of transnational identity formation and urges us to rethink our understandings of human mobility and borders."—Jessica Stites Mor, University of British Columbia"The Global South has a deep and concrete history, and every reader will find clues to its origins in this book. Balloffet's is the best study I've seen of transport infrastructures, mobile people, and mobile ideas quite literally creating a new geopolitical space."—Donna Gabaccia, University of Toronto"Within the broader literature on migration and diaspora histories on the Middle East, Balloffet's study, Argentina in the Global Middle East, is the first of its kind. In charting the history of Middle Eastern migration to Argentina starting in the late 19th century, and the subsequent formation of a thriving diaspora community with enduring significance to Argentina, Latin America, and the Middle East to this day, Balloffet offers an excellent and creative example of the richness of writing transnational historical narratives."—Nadim Bawalsa, International Journal of Middle East Studies"Lily Pearl Balloffet's detailed and multifaceted historical account of Middle Eastern migration to Argentina is a welcome addition to the literature on global migration. ... [T]he book is a model for scholars interested in broadening the scope of Global South studies."—Emilio A. Parrado, Middle Ground Journal"Argentina in the Global Middle East is an insightful interdisciplinary study that models the reconceptualization of migrant histories along the lines of a movement through space that is 'continuous and connective'. More specifically, this book contributes to the shift beyond traditional frameworks focused on the one-way trajectory from sending country to receiving country, and instead centers on how the movement back and forth between those two points and within the receiving country are ongoing and constitutive of human experience."—Christina Civantos, Mashriq & MaharTable of ContentsIntroduction: Introduction: Transregional Migration and Mobility 1. Imagining Nation and Migration 2. From Mesopotamia to Patagonia 3. Art in Motion, Motion in Art 4. Moving Money, Mobilizing Networks 5. South-South Visions in the Cold War 6. Enduring Ties Epilogue: Somos Sur

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Book SynopsisMigranthood chronicles deportation from the perspectives of Indigenous youth who migrate unaccompanied from Guatemala to Mexico and the United States. In communities of origin in Guatemala, zones of transit in Mexico, detention centers for children in the U.S., government facilities receiving returned children in Guatemala, and communities of return, young people share how they negotiate everyday violence and discrimination, how they and their families prioritize limited resources and make difficult decisions, and how they develop and sustain relationships over time and space. Anthropologist Lauren Heidbrink shows that Indigenous youth cast as objects of policy, not participants, are not passive recipients of securitization policies and development interventions. Instead, Indigenous youth draw from a rich social, cultural, and political repertoire of assets and tactics to navigate precarity and marginality in Guatemala, including transnational kin, social networks, and financial institutions. By attending to young people's perspectives, we learn the critical roles they play as contributors to household economies, local social practices, and global processes. The insights and experiences of young people uncover the transnational effects of securitized responses to migration management and development on individuals and families, across space, citizenship status, and generation. They likewise provide evidence to inform child protection and human rights locally and internationally.Trade Review"Heidbrink brings nuance, clarity, and depth to the lived experiences of Indigenous youth fleeing violence, hunger, and lack of opportunity in Guatemala. Migranthood unpacks contemporary post-conflict political, economic, and criminal violence as markers of youth migration. A must-read for anyone who cares about migrant youth, and a wake-up call for policymakers recycling failed immigration and development policies." -- Victoria Sanford * City University of New York *"This gripping account of contemporary migration sheds much needed light on the experiences of unaccompanied Indigenous minors as they navigate border controls and violence. With keen insights and eloquent prose, Migranthood reveals the real-life consequences of securitization policies on the most vulnerable. An essential read." -- Roberto G. Gonzales * author of Lives in Limbo: Undocumented and Coming of Age in America *"[Heidbrink] offers rich portraits of young people eager to help their families through 'irregular migration' and ashamed of their failed attempts. Their stories are made more meaningful by Heidbrink's deft analysis of the historical abuse of indigenous groups by Guatemalan political and economic elites....This nuanced assessment suggests the narrowness of increasingly securitizing policy making and denying families' cultural and economic realities. Recommended." -- M. Morrissey * CHOICE *"[A] poignant juxtaposition of the contrasting perspectives of migrant youth and the multiple governmental and non-governmental authorities, both in Guatemala and the United States, responsible for migration management. By weaving the detailed chronicles of migration and deportation provided by youth with the discourses circulating in legal, medical, and humanitarian interventions, Heidbrink effectively debunks reductionist images of monolithic depictions of migranthood.'" -- Virginia Diez and Jayanthi Mistry * Teachers College Record *"[This book] makes key contributions to methodology and scholarly debates and is a must-read for scholars and students of international migration, development, and childhood studies....Migranthood is an ambitious book that lays the groundwork for future research to continue investigating the contradictory effects of the link between development and migration, and the perspectives and roles of youths as independent migratory actors embedded in larger communities." -- Chiara Galli * Ethnic and Racial Studies *"Migranthood validates youth agency, clearly making connections between systemic failures in immigration policy, securitization, and development. It is a much-needed contribution that gives depth not only to the consequences of migration and deportation beyond youth and their families but also to how the effects reverberate across communities, temporally and spatially." -- Diane Sabenacio Nititham * Jeunesse *"[A] robust understanding of youth migration....[Anchored] in an honest and systematic effort to listen to, understand, and learn from the migration experiences of Indigenous youth, Heidbrink's skillfully crafted arguments challenge many dominant frameworks." -- María V. Barbero * Children's Geographies *"[Heidbrink] contributes important insights regarding how policy affects migrant youths' experiences pre- and post deportation. This text has the potential to engage interdisciplinary audiences in education, sociology, and anthropology as well as scholars wanting to challenge misconceptions of migration and its impact on youth, families, and communities." -- Sophia Rodriguez * Anthropology and Education Quarterly *"[A] methodologically sophisticated study.It captures the tragic social cost of displacement and deportation from the view of Indigenous youth, as well as their efforts to understand and resist the old and new forms of dispossession and exploitation they experience." -- Alison Elizabeth Lee * Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology *"As I was reading Migranthood, record numbers of child migrants were arriving at the southern border of the United States, the vast majority from Central America. I was immediately struck by how clearly Heidbrink's analysis of migranthood – the complex political and social construction of migration – critically responded to the simplistic narratives presented in the media. Heidbrink's theoretical framework has given me a much more nuanced lens to bring to the so-called "border crisis" and the media and political representations of it.... Beautifully and clearly written, this is a book of urgent theoretical and political importance." -- Leah Schmalzbauer * Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Books *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction chapter abstractThis chapter introduces the book's three main arguments. First, the narratives of migrant and deported youth challenge the ways that the law and public policy homogenize the complex, multifaceted, and varied experiences of young migrants. Second, securitized approaches to migration management, often under the guise of "development," is a mode of governance that moves across and beyond geopolitical space, increasingly ensnaring children and youth in this global immigration dragnet. Third, in Central America, Indigenous communities are disproportionately impacted by the adverse consequences of the securitization of migration management revealing the enduring and transnational reach of public policy across geopolitical space and generation. By interrogating how violence is produced and practiced across borders and how Indigenous youth navigate this violence following deportation, Heidbrink rethinks how and why youth are on the move. The chapter describes the mixed-methods enlisted in this 5-year, multi-sited study and outlines the forthcoming chapters. 1Youth as Agents, Caregivers, and Migrants chapter abstractSeemingly new patterns of migration among Central American children suggest that young people are engaged in intergenerational survival strategies that are increasingly transnational and youth-led. Enlisting multi-sited ethnography with young people and their families across the U.S., Mexico and Guatemala, this chapter examines how young people enlist social agency through their care work, paid labor, and mobility. As seasonal, regional and transnational migrants, young people enlist migration as a collective and historically-rooted survival strategy that responds to their past experiences of violence and marginalization and to their present and future needs. In tracing the ways young people enact care and belonging through social and physical mobility, this chapter argues that the contemporary transnational migration of Indigenous youth is a cultural elaboration of care, one rooted in historical displacements of Indigenous communities. 2Widening the Frame chapter abstractChapter two utilizes the method of multi-media elicitation with young people to dissect discourses that emerged from official media campaigns intended to deter child migration. Youth identifies the ways these official messages infantilize young people, criminalize their parents, and pathologize migration. Analyzing discourses about youth alongside narratives by youth reveals the consequential disconnect between the imagined and lived experiences of young people and their families. In critiquing the campaign and its many pitfalls, young people widen the frame of reference by alternatively interpreting the reasons for and consequences of migration and deportation. In so doing, they evaluate the efficacy of policy responses to child migration in Central America. 3The Making of a Crisis chapter abstractIn spite of media headlines which claim that child migration is the crisis du jour, chapter three argues that the influx of young migrants in 2014 and 2018 are policy-made crises. Chapter three situates the testimonio of Liseth, a Mam woman who was a refugee in Mexico as a child, alongside key historical and contemporary policy initiatives to illustrate how colonialism, armed conflict, the proliferation of plantations, and extractive industries have displaced Indigenous communities across generations. The chapter argues that these displacements are emblematic of the growing securitization of migration management and of development aid in "post-conflict" Guatemala. Key policies analyzed include the Southern Border Program, the Central American Minors program, and the Plan for the Alliance for Prosperity. Ultimately, the chapter contends that the securitization of aid spurs rather than deters migration. 4¿Quédate y qué? chapter abstractChapter four analyzes how discourses about child migration seep into government interventions and institutional practice and how young people experience them. The chapter begins by recounting the narrative of 16-year-old Delia as she is deported from a U.S. facility for unaccompanied children to a government processing center in Guatemala City. The chapter continues with the examination of development initiatives that explicitly claim to support returned youth like Delia, to reintegrate them into communities, and to create alternatives to (re)migration. These development initiatives not only fail to effectively support young people but also reinforce long-standing social hierarchies between the ladino (mixed-race) elite and Indigenous communities in Guatemala. 5Negotiating Returns chapter abstractChapter five examines how young people variously experience removal following deportation—as children of deported parents or madres y padres deportados; as U.S. citizen children who arrive in Guatemala as they accompany their parents following removal or as llegadas; and as unaccompanied children who are deported as retornados. The in-depth narratives of young people focus on the social, emotional, and financial impacts of removal on intimate, familial relationships over time. Conceptually, these diverse and multiple experiences of removal allow us to recognize the depth and breadth of deportation's impacts on young people and their families. The chapter argues that deportation is a process, one with rippling effects on individuals and families over time and geopolitical space. 6Debt and Indebtedness chapter abstractMoving beyond the individual and familial impacts of migration and deportation, Chapter six details the community-level impacts of securitization and development in the highland town of Almolonga. Known as the "breadbasket" of Central America, Almolonga enjoys a thriving agricultural economy including abundant employment opportunities given the multiple seasons of crops, selling in local markets, and commerce to and from Mexico and El Salvador. Yet, the migration of young people continues unabated. Enlisting a household survey, this chapter examines local critiques of development and explores how community members alternatively navigate precarity through the growing use of credit and debt, often with detrimental effects across generations. 7El derecho a no migrar chapter abstractChapter seven reflects on the policy lessons learned from Indigenous youth, arguing that there is an urgent need for rigorous, publicly-accessible, and engaged research. The book concludes with the ways young people envision "the right to not migrate" as a transformative process that aspires to 'el buen vivir (the good life)', an Indigenous political project rooted in the valorization of Indigenous ways of knowing and the advancement of a collective well-being, broadly conceived. Young people link internal and community-based decolonizing projects as critical to broader social and, indeed, global transformation.

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Book SynopsisCourt of Injustice reveals how immigration lawyers work to achieve just results for their clients in a system that has long denigrated the rights of those they serve. J.C. Salyer specifically investigates immigration enforcement in New York City, following individual migrants, their lawyers, and the NGOs that serve them into the immigration courtrooms that decide their cases. This book is an account of the effects of the implementation of U.S. immigration law and policy. Salyer engages directly with the specific laws and procedures that mandate harsh and inhumane outcomes for migrants and their families. Combining anthropological and legal analysis, Salyer demonstrates the economic, historical, political, and social elements that go into constructing inequity under law for millions of non-citizens who live and work in the United States. Drawing on both ethnographic research conducted in New York City and on the author's knowledge and experience as a practicing immigration lawyer at a non-profit organization, this book provides unique insight into the workings and effects of U.S. immigration law. Court of Injustice provides an up-close view of the experiences of immigration lawyers at non-profit organizations, in law school clinics, and in private practice to reveal limitations and possibilities available to non-citizens under U.S. immigration law. In this way, this book provides a new perspective on the study of migration by focusing specifically on the laws, courts, and people involved in U.S. immigration law. Trade Review"This book does such a powerful job of recounting the sad, complicated and disempowering history of immigration laws. It clarifies not just for academics but for everyone that the denial of due process is central to how the legal system responds to immigrants. But what I love about this work is the humanity that J.C. Salyer brings with it. In the end we see that we are all these immigrants and refugees. They are our future and our past and every single one of us is called upon now to see this and act." -- Maria Hinojosa * Latino USA *"Court of Injustice identifies the real structural and procedural problems for noncitizens facing removal from the United States. Salyer's unique perspective on legal services for immigration clients reveals the inequities inherent in the court system and how enforcement policies often preordain outcomes. Policymakers should play close attention to this book." -- Bill Ong Hing * University of San Francisco *"Salyer combines vast legal knowledge with deft anthropological analysis to produce a comprehensive and engaging account of today's immigration system. Highlighting the lawyers navigating a treacherous legal system, this book is a unique, essential, urgent read for anyone who cares about immigration and immigrants today." -- Cecilia Menjívar, University of California * Los Angeles *"Court of Injustice brings a critical ethnographic lens to understanding the reproduction of inequality, xenophobia and racism in U.S. immigration. Salyer dismantles the fictions of 'rule of law' and 'national security' to reveal an arbitrary and punitive federal system decades in the making, and how local governments, lawyers, and civil society are fighting back." -- Shannon Gleeson * Cornell University *"Salyer's focus on disparities across jurisdictions and among individual immigration judges, and particularly the unique role of the NYIFUP as a countervailing force, highlights how local contexts deeply shape immigrants' experiences of justice or lack thereof. This firsthand, detailed account of how the U.S. immigration legal system creates inequality is an important read for sociologists interested in immigration, criminal justice reform, and law and society." -- Ariela Schachter * American Journal of Sociology *"Court of Injustice impressively combines legal and anthropological expertise, contrasting the nuance of law and practice with the on-the-ground experiences of individuals working within the system. There is much to deconstruct in the realm of immigration law, but by interrogating the every day experiences of lawyers, we are able to catch a glimpse of effective forms of resistance, such as the program in New York City, absent legislative reform. By understanding the intricacies of the practice of immigration law, Salyer offers his readers insight into both the challenges and complexities of practicing within this system, and the possibilities for liberatory change." -- Anita Maddali * Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Books *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction: The Paradoxes of U.S. Immigration Law and Deportation chapter abstractBy introducing the anti-immigrant policies of the Trump administration, this chapter explores the broader nature and history of anti-immigrant policies and the deprivation of the rights and interests of immigrants. It introduces the main arguments of the book, which are that immigration law fears migrants in a manner that is so overbroad that it punishes, detains, and deports immigrants who bear little resemblance to the stated fears used to justify the laws and that these practices go unchecked by the courts, which defer to the political branches of government under the plenary power doctrine. Finally, the introduction argues that we can learn a lot about the potential for resistance and reform by understanding how lawyers advocating for their clients in immigration courts are sometimes able to achieve just results for their clients even within this unfair system. 1Migrants, Criminal Aliens, and Folk Devils chapter abstractThis chapter uses the ethnographic example of a young man named Omar to illustrate how history, political and economic changes, and race are intertwined in the production of sweeping immigration laws aimed at the perceived dangers of criminal aliens and explores how the 1996 amendments to immigration laws were a manifestation of a neoliberal ideology that constructed "aliens and citizens as different kinds of persons" (Greenhouse 2013, 104). The chapter shows how a key aspect of these changes was removing discretion to make individualized judgments from immigration judges and how the restoration of this discretion is necessary to reach just results. 2A Social History of the Development of U.S. Immigration Law chapter abstractThis chapter addresses how the contemporary position of migrants relates to the historical development of U.S. immigration law. The chapter explores how more than a century of immigration legislation and judicial interpretation created both substantive and procedural limits on the protection of migrants' rights. In particular, the chapter shows that the trend has been for perceived threats to be projected in the form of an abstract alien, who embodies those dangers, but for the laws that are passed to be so broad that they affect actual individuals who do not present those threats. 3The Role of Lawyers and Judges in U.S. Immigration Law chapter abstractThis chapter draws on participant observation and interviews to examine current immigration law and focuses, in part, on areas in which immigration judges still retain some discretion: asylum cases and cancellation-of-removal cases. The chapter explores how, even within the relatively rigid system of laws that make up current immigration law, immigration lawyers are able to retain and exploit some flexibility to achieve favorable outcomes for the individuals they assist. 4Law Without Recognition: Excluded Equities and Judges Without Discretion chapter abstractThis chapter explores the particular provisions of contemporary immigration law and the effects they have on individuals. Drawing on participant observation and the experiences of immigration lawyers who were interviewed, the chapter illustrates areas where current immigration law is inflexible and fails to account for individual circumstances and equities and focuses on examples that illustrate both the possibility of a more humane immigration law and the process by which that possibility has been lost under current law. 5The New York Immigrant Family Unity Project: A Revolution Such as Lawyers Would Mount chapter abstractThis chapter provides a detailed account of NYIFUP, which is the first government-funded assigned counsel system for indigent detained migrants facing deportation. The chapter shows how NYIFUP is able to not merely improve access to counsel for individual clients but also use its institutional structure to make broader challenges to existing laws and practices and to systematically document abuse, mistreatment, and injustice suffered by migrants in detention and in removal. Conclusion: The Limitations and Possibilities of U.S. Immigration Law chapter abstractThis chapter concludes the book by arguing that one of the main failings of the current immigration system is its refusal to recognize individual equities, such as family relationships, hardships, and social participation and contributions. By examining the Supreme Court's rationale in Trump v. Hawaii, this chapter analyzes how the socio-legal position of migrants is conceptualized. The chapter argues that although immigration law is not itself the sole or main cause of (or solution to) issues of inequality and injustice that relate to migration, its current formalistic and inflexible nature should not be allowed to reduce complex individual, historic, political, and economic events and relationships to narrow legal categories that limit the ability to provide justice to people in precarious positions not of their own making. The chapter ends by recommending areas for reform.

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Book SynopsisChallenging the commonly held perception that immigrants' lives are shaped exclusively by their sending and receiving countries, Here, There, and Elsewhere breaks new ground by showing how immigrants are vectors of globalization who both produce and experience the interconnectedness of societies—not only the societies of origin and destination, but also, the societies in places beyond. Tahseen Shams posits a new concept for thinking about these places that are neither the immigrants' homeland nor hostland—the "elsewhere." Drawing on rich ethnographic data, interviews, and analysis of the social media activities of South Asian Muslim Americans, Shams uncovers how different dimensions of the immigrants' ethnic and religious identities connect them to different elsewheres in places as far-ranging as the Middle East, Europe, and Africa. Yet not all places in the world are elsewheres. How a faraway foreign land becomes salient to the immigrant's sense of self depends on an interplay of global hierarchies, homeland politics, and hostland dynamics. Referencing today's 24-hour news cycle and the ways that social media connects diverse places and peoples at the touch of a screen, Shams traces how the homeland, hostland, and elsewhere combine to affect the ways in which immigrants and their descendants understand themselves and are understood by others. Trade Review"This brilliantly argued, beautifully written book pushes migration studies in an entirely new direction. Identifying a conceptual space located outside both countries of immigration and emigration and to which the immigrants have no direct connection, Shams provides an entirely novel demonstration of how conflicts stemming from the world's 'elsewhere' places shape the collective identity categories available to immigrants and their descendants. An important work, yielding lessons for both scholars and students to savor and ponder." -- Roger Waldinger * University of California, Los Angeles *"This is a tour de force. Combining nuanced ethnography with multi-sited historical analysis, Shams shows how South Asian immigrants' lives in the U.S. are shaped not only by where they come from and where they go, but also by events in third places they have never been. The surprising centrality of these 'elsewheres' is a breakthrough insight in migration studies." -- David Scott FitzGerald * author of Refuge beyond Reach: How Rich Democracies Repel Asylum Seekers *"A significant body of contemporary migration research assumes that a dualistic focus on the country of origin and host society are appropriate for the creation of cutting-edge accounts of contemporary migration. In her study of South Asian Muslims and their descendants settling in California, Tahseen Shams challenges the adequacy of the homeland/hostland approach by demonstrating that depictions of events in migrants' countries of origin as well as those in regions to which these migrants have no connection—such as Syria, Palestine, Nigeria, and Western Europe—significantly influence their acceptance and adjustment. In so doing, Here, There, and Elsewhere advances our approach for understanding migration, resettlement, and transnational phenomena." -- Steven J. Gold * Michigan State University *"In this well-written and timely ethnographic study, Shams draws on her insider knowledge as a first-generation Bangladeshi-American woman to eloquently illustrate how different generations of South Asian Muslims navigate their identities as Muslims....Moving beyond a simple homeland-hostland binary, Shams' book is a welcoming intervention in both theories of assimilation and transnationalism." -- Cristine S. Khan and Van C. Tran * Social Forces *"[A] significant intervention in how we understand immigrants' lived experiences....Shams effectively uses examples from her fieldwork to convey the utility of the multicentered relational framework to various arenas of South Asian Muslim Americans' identity construction, while leaving analytical space for this concept to be further developed through additional case studies of other immigrant groups within and outside of the U.S.A. This is an important book." -- Adrienne Lee Atterberry * South Asian Diaspora *"This well-written book presents new insights and an alternative model for researching immigrant communities, and contributessignificantly to migration, religious, and ethnic studies. Recommended." -- D. A. Chekki * CHOICE *"Here, There, and Elsewhere is pushing the boundaries of immigrant studies by pointing to the importance of global interconnections in understanding immigrant identity and socialization. It is worthy of serious attention by scholars of immigration and ethnic studies." -- Sangay Mishra * Ethnic and Racial Studies *"Tahseen Shams's Here, There, and Elsewhere: The Making of Immigrant Identities in a Globalized World tells an important story about migrants: how migrant communities are interconnected to a host land and homeland, here and there, respectively. This is a compelling and thought-provoking concept, what Shams terms as an 'elsewhere,' that builds upon existing transnational feminist theories, by which Shams illuminates how a place neither 'here' nor 'there' can shape the migrant experience." -- Annie Isabel Fukushima * American Journal of Sociology *"Shams's groundbreaking multicentered relational framework of Here, There, and Elsewhere: The Making of Immigrant Identities in a Globalized World is a model to understand migrants' identity and their sense of belonging beyond the homeland-hostland dyad and the influence of 'Elsewhere.'" -- Sumiya Mahmud * The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology *"Many scholars have attempted to address integration, assimilation, or enculturation as a way to make sense of the immigrant journey of identity shaping and shift in the hostland. Shams allows us to think on a multidimensional plane where identity can be informed by acts of individual agency, such as supporting Palestine, or acts of protection, such as subscribing to the 'good Muslim' script. These examples are influenced by the history and politics of the home and host countries. Shams allows for immigrants to be seen as individuals, without essentializing their stories based on their Muslimness." -- Ashvina Patel * H-Diplo *Table of ContentsContents and Abstracts1Societies Interconnected chapter abstractThis chapter introduces a new concept for thinking about the places that are neither the immigrants' homeland nor hostland, but which are nonetheless salient in their identity-making processes. Extending the foundational frameworks of international migration that focus exclusively on the dynamics within or between the sending and receiving countries, this chapter provides an overview of the book's key argument—that contrary to dyadic explanations, how immigrants self-identify and how they are identified by others are shaped by geopolitics unfolding in the homeland, hostland, and "elsewhere." The chapter also outlines the book's methodological justifications and sources of data, namely ethnographic observations, interviews, and social media data of sixty South Asian Muslim Americans in California. 2Beyond Here and There: The Multicentered Relational Framework chapter abstract"Elsewhere" does not mean everywhere. Using examples from both contemporary politics and immigration history, this chapter uses a new analytical model—the multicentered relational framework—to show how a faraway foreign place gains salience for an immigrant group and becomes an "elsewhere." Serving as the theoretical spine of the book, this chapter outlines the variations of "elsewhere" and its limitations. The chapter next expounds the three facets of the multicentered relational framework—namely, homeland-hostland, hostland-"elsewhere," and "elsewhere"-homeland—to show how each reveals different dimensions of immigrants' collective identity formation. 3Global Dimensions of Homeland Ties chapter abstractThis chapter shows how immigrants' homeland ties gain global dimensions based on hostland-"elsewhere" interactions. Using examples of Bangladeshi, Pakistani, and Indian immigrants' homeland politics, it shows that the struggles for nation-building in the sending countries are not insulated within just those societies but are instead shaped by their interactions with "elsewheres," specifically the Middle East and Europe. These struggles are at times mirrored among the immigrant communities in America, while some homeland cleavages lose relevance over time. Yet some other homeland boundaries gain life anew as they take on new, globally informed meanings for the immigrants based on hostland sociopolitics and "elsewhere' dynamics. 4The Geopolitics of Being "Good Muslims" in America chapter abstractThis chapter shows how "elsewhere" geopolitics exacerbate social pressures on Muslim and "Muslim-looking" groups in post-9/11 America. Often stereotyped as model minorities based on their race/ethnicity, South Asian Americans, if they are Muslim, are viewed as threats in moments of crisis. Members of this immigrant group often strive to present themselves as "good," "moderate" Muslims and highlighting the universal values they share such as peacefulness. Islamic organizations also highlight the compatibility of Islam with American values by "Islamizing" aspects of American culture on the one hand, and "Americanizing" tenets of Islam on the other. The strategies of individuals can inadvertently lead to political silence, whereas organizational strategies can involve Muslims in U.S. politics, advocating for their interests here and "elsewhere." 5"Muslims in Danger" Both Here and Elsewhere chapter abstractThis chapter traces how and why "elsewhere" gains salience in immigrants' self-identification, at times more than their homelands. Many South Asian Muslim immigrants interpret their collective position in America using examples of "elsewheres" where Muslims are also a stigmatized minority. These "elsewhere" examples combined with the homeland's colonized past, the post-9/11 U.S. context, and ongoing tensions between the hostland United States and the Middle East reinforce the immigrants' worldview that "the West" is biased against "the Muslim world." This perspective leads them to participate politically in ways they believe will favorably impact not only the condition of Muslims in America but also anticolonial efforts of Muslims in the Middle East. These examples of "elsewhere" orientations demonstrate immigrants' long-distance nationalism and political transnationalism. 6Taking Precautions Here for "Muslims in Conflict" Elsewhere chapter abstractBased on analysis of public and participant reactions to six ISIS attacks—two in Europe (Paris and Brussels), two in the Middle East (Beirut and Istanbul), and two in the United States (San Bernardino, California, and Orlando, Florida)—this chapter shows that conflicts in "elsewhere" Europe influence host country perceptions of South Asian Muslims more than the conflicts in the Middle East do. The Islamist attacks in Europe and in the U.S. generated comparable levels of response. Muslims' fear of backlash and the precautions they took for their safety were comparable in each case. Conversely, Islamist attacks in the Middle East generated low levels of reaction, even from Muslims who self-identified with that region. This incongruity is influenced by the media, geopolitics, global discourse on Muslims, and the prevailing public imaginary of the West and the Muslim world. 7Here, There, and Elsewhere chapter abstractThis book presents several questions for migration and race scholars. Does "elsewhere" influence black Muslim identities, or is it an immigrant phenomenon? Are "elsewhere" effects present for predominantly non-Muslim but racialized "Muslim-looking" groups, like Latino/a? With South Asian Muslim Americans responding to Muslim-related contexts in the Middle East, are places in South Asia with Muslim majorities then "elsewheres" for Arab and Middle Eastern Americans? If not, why? How can the multicentered relational framework be used to analyze immigrant identities outside the U.S. context? This concluding chapter reflects on possible answers to these questions and on the political developments unfolding globally.

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Book SynopsisArgentina lies at the heart of the American hemisphere's history of global migration booms of the mid-nineteenth to early twentieth century: by 1910, one of every three Argentine residents was an immigrant—twice the demographic impact that the United States experienced in the boom period. In this context, some one hundred and forty thousand Ottoman Syrians came to Argentina prior to World War I, and over the following decades Middle Eastern communities, institutions, and businesses dotted the landscape of Argentina from bustling Buenos Aires to Argentina's most remote frontiers. Argentina in the Global Middle East connects modern Latin American and Middle Eastern history through their shared links to global migration systems. By following the mobile lives of individuals with roots in the Levantine Middle East, Lily Pearl Balloffet sheds light on the intersections of ethnicity, migrant–homeland ties, and international relations. Ranging from the nineteenth century boom in transoceanic migration to twenty-first century dynamics of large-scale migration and displacement in the Arabic-speaking Eastern Mediterranean, this book considers key themes such as cultural production, philanthropy, anti-imperial activism, and financial networks over the course of several generations of this diasporic community. Balloffet's study situates this transregional history of Argentina and the Middle East within a larger story of South-South alliances, solidarities, and exchanges.Trade Review"A highly original and revealing exploration of the Syrian-Lebanese experience in Argentina, this multi-layered inquiry into the circulation and interplay of migrants, networks, and material culture at various spatial scales makes this book a model for migration and diaspora studies in general."—José C. Moya, Barnard College, Columbia University"Lily Balloffet's work is not only a timely intervention in the social history of Middle Eastern diaspora and Argentina, but also sets an ambitious new course for migration studies. This fascinating study reveals the complexity of transnational identity formation and urges us to rethink our understandings of human mobility and borders."—Jessica Stites Mor, University of British Columbia"The Global South has a deep and concrete history, and every reader will find clues to its origins in this book. Balloffet's is the best study I've seen of transport infrastructures, mobile people, and mobile ideas quite literally creating a new geopolitical space."—Donna Gabaccia, University of Toronto"Within the broader literature on migration and diaspora histories on the Middle East, Balloffet's study, Argentina in the Global Middle East, is the first of its kind. In charting the history of Middle Eastern migration to Argentina starting in the late 19th century, and the subsequent formation of a thriving diaspora community with enduring significance to Argentina, Latin America, and the Middle East to this day, Balloffet offers an excellent and creative example of the richness of writing transnational historical narratives."—Nadim Bawalsa, International Journal of Middle East Studies"Lily Pearl Balloffet's detailed and multifaceted historical account of Middle Eastern migration to Argentina is a welcome addition to the literature on global migration. ... [T]he book is a model for scholars interested in broadening the scope of Global South studies."—Emilio A. Parrado, Middle Ground Journal"Argentina in the Global Middle East is an insightful interdisciplinary study that models the reconceptualization of migrant histories along the lines of a movement through space that is 'continuous and connective'. More specifically, this book contributes to the shift beyond traditional frameworks focused on the one-way trajectory from sending country to receiving country, and instead centers on how the movement back and forth between those two points and within the receiving country are ongoing and constitutive of human experience."—Christina Civantos, Mashriq & MaharTable of ContentsIntroduction: Introduction: Transregional Migration and Mobility 1. Imagining Nation and Migration 2. From Mesopotamia to Patagonia 3. Art in Motion, Motion in Art 4. Moving Money, Mobilizing Networks 5. South-South Visions in the Cold War 6. Enduring Ties Epilogue: Somos Sur

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Book SynopsisForging Ties, Forging Passports is a history of migration and nation-building from the vantage point of those who lived between states. Devi Mays traces the histories of Ottoman Sephardi Jews who emigrated to the Americas—and especially to Mexico—in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and the complex relationships they maintained to legal documentation as they migrated and settled into new homes. Mays considers the shifting notions of belonging, nationality, and citizenship through the stories of individual women, men, and families who navigated these transitions in their everyday lives, as well as through the paperwork they carried. In the aftermath of World War I and the Mexican Revolution, migrants traversed new layers of bureaucracy and authority amid shifting political regimes as they crossed and were crossed by borders. Ottoman Sephardi migrants in Mexico resisted unequivocal classification as either Ottoman expatriates or Mexicans through their links to the Sephardi diaspora in formerly Ottoman lands, France, Cuba, and the United States. By making use of commercial and familial networks, these Sephardi migrants maintained a geographic and social mobility that challenged the physical borders of the state and the conceptual boundaries of the nation. Trade Review"Forging Ties, Forging Passports powerfully demonstrates that in eras of migration restriction, mobility becomes a radical act. Examining how Ottoman Jews in Mexico grappled with their home empire's collapse, Devi Mays reclaims these migrants from the state's cartographic tyrannies and captures the wholeness of their experience. A sparkling work of social history that prompts larger questions over citizenship and its meanings."—Stacy D. Fahrenthold, University of California, Davis"Devi Mays has written a rich account of Sephardi migrants' lives as they moved across states, adapting to and subverting the restrictions that sought to limit their mobility. Forging Ties, Forging Passports forces us to rethink the validity of categories like 'Sephardi,' 'Jewish,' and 'Mexican,' and deepens our understanding of the complex transnational ties that shaped the lives of Jews who came to Latin America."—Adriana Brodsky, St. Mary's College of Maryland"Forging Ties, Forging Passports is an important addition to research, bridging Jewish and Middle Eastern scholarship with the broader investigation of migration and diaspora, as the transnational turn still makes new inroads into MENA studies and Sephardic studies."—Aviad Moreno, Association for Jewish Studies Review"Mays's work adds a great deal to our knowledge of the mechanics of how Sephardi Jews migrated from the Mediterranean to the Americas, and her focus on hypermobility will align in a variety of ways with much scholarship on a variety of immigrant groups throughout history."—Mollie Lewis Nouwen, Hispanic American Historical Review"In discussing a highly unique response to an era of growing exclusion, Mays's book makes an important contribution to the field of transborder studies."—Ben Nobbs-Thiessen, Latin American Research Review"Mays has written a book that begs to be read. The reader is asked to think more deeply about why people engage in the act of migration and how access to different political, social, cultural, and ethnic identities allow certain groups greater mobility and entrée into new social worlds.... Captivatingly written, this is a book that greatly deepens our understanding not only of Sephardic Jewish immigration during the early twentieth century but of the global forces that impelled migrants to disperse across oceans and continents."—Laura Limonic, Mashriq & MahjarTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Fabricating the Foreign 2. Patriot Games 3. Uncertain Futures 4. "They Are Entirely Equal to the Spanish" 5. The Sephardi Connection 6. Forge Your Own Passport Conclusion

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Book SynopsisForging Ties, Forging Passports is a history of migration and nation-building from the vantage point of those who lived between states. Devi Mays traces the histories of Ottoman Sephardi Jews who emigrated to the Americas—and especially to Mexico—in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and the complex relationships they maintained to legal documentation as they migrated and settled into new homes. Mays considers the shifting notions of belonging, nationality, and citizenship through the stories of individual women, men, and families who navigated these transitions in their everyday lives, as well as through the paperwork they carried. In the aftermath of World War I and the Mexican Revolution, migrants traversed new layers of bureaucracy and authority amid shifting political regimes as they crossed and were crossed by borders. Ottoman Sephardi migrants in Mexico resisted unequivocal classification as either Ottoman expatriates or Mexicans through their links to the Sephardi diaspora in formerly Ottoman lands, France, Cuba, and the United States. By making use of commercial and familial networks, these Sephardi migrants maintained a geographic and social mobility that challenged the physical borders of the state and the conceptual boundaries of the nation. Trade Review"Forging Ties, Forging Passports powerfully demonstrates that in eras of migration restriction, mobility becomes a radical act. Examining how Ottoman Jews in Mexico grappled with their home empire's collapse, Devi Mays reclaims these migrants from the state's cartographic tyrannies and captures the wholeness of their experience. A sparkling work of social history that prompts larger questions over citizenship and its meanings."—Stacy D. Fahrenthold, University of California, Davis"Devi Mays has written a rich account of Sephardi migrants' lives as they moved across states, adapting to and subverting the restrictions that sought to limit their mobility. Forging Ties, Forging Passports forces us to rethink the validity of categories like 'Sephardi,' 'Jewish,' and 'Mexican,' and deepens our understanding of the complex transnational ties that shaped the lives of Jews who came to Latin America."—Adriana Brodsky, St. Mary's College of Maryland"Forging Ties, Forging Passports is an important addition to research, bridging Jewish and Middle Eastern scholarship with the broader investigation of migration and diaspora, as the transnational turn still makes new inroads into MENA studies and Sephardic studies."—Aviad Moreno, Association for Jewish Studies Review"Mays's work adds a great deal to our knowledge of the mechanics of how Sephardi Jews migrated from the Mediterranean to the Americas, and her focus on hypermobility will align in a variety of ways with much scholarship on a variety of immigrant groups throughout history."—Mollie Lewis Nouwen, Hispanic American Historical Review"In discussing a highly unique response to an era of growing exclusion, Mays's book makes an important contribution to the field of transborder studies."—Ben Nobbs-Thiessen, Latin American Research Review"Mays has written a book that begs to be read. The reader is asked to think more deeply about why people engage in the act of migration and how access to different political, social, cultural, and ethnic identities allow certain groups greater mobility and entrée into new social worlds.... Captivatingly written, this is a book that greatly deepens our understanding not only of Sephardic Jewish immigration during the early twentieth century but of the global forces that impelled migrants to disperse across oceans and continents."—Laura Limonic, Mashriq & MahjarTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Fabricating the Foreign 2. Patriot Games 3. Uncertain Futures 4. "They Are Entirely Equal to the Spanish" 5. The Sephardi Connection 6. Forge Your Own Passport Conclusion

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Book SynopsisIf California were its own country, it would have the world's fifth largest immigrant population. The way these newcomers are integrated into the state will shape California's schools, workforce, businesses, public health, politics, and culture. In Immigrant California, leading experts in U.S. migration provide cutting-edge research on the incorporation of immigrants and their descendants in this bellwether state. California, unique for its diverse population, powerful economy, and progressive politics, provides important lessons for what to expect as demographic change comes to most states across the country. Contributors to this volume cover topics ranging from education systems to healthcare initiatives and unravel the sometimes-contradictory details of California's immigration history. By examining the past and present of immigration policy in California, the volume shows how a state that was once the national leader in anti-immigrant policies quickly became a standard-bearer of greater accommodation. California's successes, and its failures, provide an essential road map for the future prosperity of immigrants and natives alike.Trade Review"Throughout U.S. history, California has offered some of the most welcoming–and most xenophobic–responses to newcomers. This volume closely looks at the immigration lessons from this state, home to one of the largest immigrant populations in the world."—Kevin Johnson, Dean, University of California, Davis School of Law"How should public policies respond to immigration? This impressive, data-driven collection of research answers this pressing question with systematic analysis over time and across groups. The experts featured in this volume provide evidence-based insights and recommendations that will help lead California and the nation to a more inclusive, healthy, and prosperous shared future."—Janelle Wong, Professor of Government and Politics & American Studies, University of Maryland, College Park

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Book SynopsisAndrea, Silvia, Ana, and Pamela were impoverished youth when the Sandinista revolution took hold in Nicaragua in 1979. Against the backdrop of a war and economic crisis, the revolution gave them hope of a better future — if not for themselves, then for their children. But, when it became clear that their hopes were in vain, they chose to emigrate. Children of the Revolution tells these four women's stories up to their adulthood in Italy. Laura J. Enríquez's compassionate account highlights the particularities of each woman's narrative, and shows how their lives were shaped by social factors such as their class, gender, race, ethnicity, and immigration status. These factors limited the options available to them, even as the women challenged the structures and violence surrounding them. By extending the story to include the children, and now grandchildren, of the four women, Enríquez demonstrates how their work abroad provided opportunities for their families that they themselves never had. Hence, these stories reveal that even when a revolution fails to fundamentally transform a society in a lasting way, seeds of change may yet take hold. Trade Review"Children of the Revolution weaves women's biography with Nicaraguan history in capturing the essence of sociological imagination to illustrate structural violence and agency embedded in surviving revolution and the aftermath of structural adjustment policies. Narrating compelling transnational migration stories of four mothers and their children, Enriquez reveals the personal cost of violence and inequality and mothers' heroic efforts to build a better life for the next generation."—Mary Romero, author of The Maid's Daughter"Enríquez's meticulously analyzed oral history makes the case that even when revolutions falter, newly ignited consciousness remains and fuels agentic migration trajectories, yielding both generational sacrifices and gains."—Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo, author of DomésticaTable of Contents1. Situating the Stories of Andrea, Silvia, Ana, and Pamela 2. Childhood and Coming of Age in Nicaragua 3. Violent Expressions of Gender Inequalities 4. Emigrating for Their Children to Get Ahead 5. The Children of Andrea, Ana, and Pamela Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThe 21st century has seen growing numbers of seniors turning to migration in response to newfound challenges to traditional forms of retirement and old-age support, such as increased longevity, demographically aging populations, and global neoliberal trends reducing state welfare. Chinese-born migrants to the U.S. serve as an exemplary case of this trend, with 30 percent of all migrants since 1990 being at least 60 years old. This book tells their story, arguing that they demonstrate the significance of age as a mediating factor that is fundamentally important for considering how migration is experienced. The subjects of this study are situated at the crossroads of Chinese immigrant and Chinese-American experiences, embodying many of the ambiguities and paradoxes that complicate common understandings of each group. These are older individuals who have waited their whole lives to migrate to the U.S. to rejoin family but often experience unanticipated family conflict when they arrive. They are retirees living at the social and economic margins of American society who nonetheless find significant opportunities to achieve meaningful retired lifestyles. They are members of a diaspora spanning vast regional and ideological differences, yet their wellbeing hinges on everyday interactions with others in this diverse community. Their stories highlight the many possibilities for mutual engagement that connect Chinese and American ways of being and belonging in the world.Trade Review"In this timely and intriguing book, Newendorp offers a vivid and insightful anthropological account of the unique and multifaceted experiences of Chinese senior migrants as well as their sustained struggles and aspirations for belonging, wellbeing, dignity, and the good life in American society. It propels readers to rethink the meanings and possibilities of retirement and aging in the age of global mobility." -- Li Zhang * University of California, Davis, author of In Search of Paradise and Strangers in the City *"Chinese Senior Migrants and the Globalization of Retirement is a thoroughly researched, well written, and engaging ethnographic study of contemporary Cantonese senior migration. Though centered in Boston's Chinatown, Newendorp skilfully contextualizes the migration stories of Cantonese seniors within broader historical trajectories of pre- and post-1949 Cantonese transnational migration, as she speaks to the broader phenomenon of the 'globalization of retirement.'" -- Andrea Louie * Michigan State University *

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Book SynopsisA stirring account of the experiences of migrant domestic workers, and what freedom, abuse, and power mean within a vast contract labor system. In the United Arab Emirates, there is an employment sponsorship system known as the kafala. Migrant domestic workers within it must solely work for their employer, secure their approval to leave the country, and obtain their consent to terminate a job. In Unfree, Rhacel Salazar Parreñas examines the labor of women from the Philippines, who represent the largest domestic workforce in the country. She challenges presiding ideas about the kafala, arguing that its reduction to human trafficking is, at best, unproductive, and at worst damaging to genuine efforts to regulate this system that impacts tens of millions of domestic workers across the globe. The kafala system technically renders migrant workers unfree as they are made subject to the arbitrary authority of their employer. Not surprisingly, it has been the focus of intense scrutiny and criticism from human rights advocates and scholars. Yet, contrary to their claims, Parreñas argues that most employers do not abuse domestic workers or maximize the extraction of their labor. Still, the outrage elicited by this possibility dominates much of public discourse and overshadows the more mundane reality of domestic work in the region. Drawing on unparalleled data collected over 4 years,this book diverges from previous studies as it establishes that the kafala system does not necessarily result in abuse, but instead leads to the absence of labor standards. This absence is reflected in the diversity of work conditions across households, ranging from dehumanizing treatment, infantilization, to respect and recognition of domestic workers. Unfree shows how various stakeholders, including sending and receiving states, NGOs, inter-governmental organizations, employers and domestic workers, project moral standards to guide the unregulated labor of domestic work. They can mitigate or aggravate the arbitrary authority of employers. Parreñas offers a deft and rich portrait of how morals mediate work on the ground, warning against the dangers of reducing unfreedom to structural violence.Trade Review"Challenging standard interpretations of migrant women's powerlessness and oppression, Rhacel Salazar Parreñas offers a pathbreaking account of Filipino domestic workers in the United Arab Emirates. A compelling contribution not only to studies of migration and labor but also to economic sociology."—Viviana A. Zelizer, Princeton University"I have long been impressed by the distinctive ways in which Parreñas generates her analysis of diverse social conditions. These analytic modes emerge once again in her latest book Unfree, one phrase that contains a vastness of meanings. This is a must-read."—Saskia Sassen, Columbia University"In this impressive ethnography, Parreñas illuminates moral harms associated with 'unfree labor' and offers new insights into the quandary that arises when redress for those harms lays well beyond the laws of sending states, receiving states, and international organizations."—Mary Hawkesworth, Rutgers UniversityBased on the republican conceptualization of unfreedom, [Unfree] paves the way for understanding a wide range of experiences and conditions of migrant domestic workers in the UAE. This study... both acknowledges the positive experiences of domestic workers in thekafalasystem and includes them in the analysis by complicating the story of exploitation unlike the previous studies on domestic work in the region."—Canan Uçar, International Migration"Locating unfreedom in the sponsorship system that gives free reign to sponsors over their employees,Unfree lays a critical foundation for future scholarly, legal, and policy interventions in migrant domestic work, both in the Arab world and beyond. Excellent for anyone working on labor and migration. Highly Recommended."—J. Alkorani, CHOICE"Unfree guides us through the transnational mobility of these domestic workers and their subsequent economic immobility. Using relatively plain language, the book is accessible to academic and non-academic audiences from disparate disciplinary backgrounds who are interested in understanding Filipino domestic work in the UAE beyond victimhood."—Estella Carpi, Mashriq & Mahar"A powerful, pathbreaking book that upends many (Orientalist) assumptions about migrant domestic work in Arab states, Unfree is set to become a classic."—Victoria Reyes, American Journal of Sociology"Without doubt, [Unfree] sets a new direction for us to understand the work environment of migrant domestic workers and should be read by all who are interested in the topic."—Eric Fong, Social Forces

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Book SynopsisUnderstanding Global Migration offers scholars a groundbreaking account of emerging migration states around the globe, especially in the Global South. Leading scholars of migration have collaborated to provide a birds-eye view of migration interdependence. Understanding Global Migration proposes a new typology of migration states, identifying multiple ideal types beyond the classical liberal type. Much of the world's migration has been to countries in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and South America. The authors assembled here account for diverse histories of colonialism, development, and identity in shaping migration policy. This book provides a truly global look at the dilemmas of migration governance: Will migration be destabilizing, or will it lead to greater openness and human development? The answer depends on the capacity of states to manage migration, especially their willingness to respect the rights of the ever-growing portion of the world's population that is on the move.Trade Review"All nations today must balance tradeoffs between markets, rights, security, and culture to manage the international mobility of people successfully. Understanding Global Migration gathers together leading scholars to explain how these tradeoffs differ from nation to nation and why getting the balance right is essential for maintaining peace and prosperity."—Douglas S. Massey, Princeton University"The contributors to Understanding Global Migration have been at the forefront of expanding our understanding of the role migration plays in the international system. This is a welcome addition to the field of migration studies."—Terri E. Givens, McGill University"Written by leading scholars in the field, this book provides a huge breakthrough. It is unique in providing a genuinely global view of how states—liberal and illiberal, Western and non-Western—deal with migration. Understanding Global Migration is essential reading for anyone desiring a fundamental understanding of migration politics."—Hein de Haas, Amsterdam University"This multidisciplinary collection of essays broadens the analysis of migration from the handful of cases that dominate popular discussion and scholarly literature—typically to do with migration to Europe from the Middle East and Africa and migration to the United States from Latin America. It adopts a global perspective, describing how countries in both the global North and the global South deal with migration."—Barry Eichengreen, Foreign Affairs"[James] Hollifield and Neil Foley have brought together prominent migration scholars who contribute their expertise on various countries and regions.... This book will undoubtedly receive a wide audience because of its ambition and the incisive analyses of migration policy on a global scale."—Jeannette Money, International Affairs"Theoretically rich chapters are matched by accessible empirical data. The authors are delightfully candid in evaluating migration governance and holes in understanding. Highly recommended."—R. A. Harper, CHOICE"[Understanding Global Migration] promises to generate a vibrant discussion which will engage scholars of migration for generations to come. The rich details of individual cases coupled with an accessible theoretical framework makes this co-edited volume a uniquely valuable resource for political scientists and IR specialists, whose agenda Tsourapas perceptively notes, has been long neglected. But it is an indispensable read for all students of migration and human mobility, as well as for those interested in the nature of the state in a global order."—Gallya Lahav, Perspectives on PoliticsTable of Contents1. "Migration Interdependence and the State" —James F. Hollifield and Neil Foley 2. "The Southern African Migration System" —Audie Klotz 3. "Illiberal Migration Governance in the Arab Gulf" —Hélène Thiollet 4. "The Illiberal Paradox and the Politics of Migration in the Middle East" —Gerasimos Tsourapas 5. "Migration and Development in North and West Africa" —Yves Charbit 6. "The Developmental Migration State in East Asia" —Erin Aeran Chung 7. "International Migration and Development in Southeast Asia, 1990–2010" —Charles Hirschman 8. "The Indian Migration State" —Kamal Sadiq 9. "The Development of the US Migration State: Nativism, Liberalism, and Durable Structures of Exclusion" —Daniel Tichenor 10. "Who Belongs? Politics of Immigration, Nativism, and Illiberal Democracy in Postwar America" —Neil Foley 11. "Canada: The Quintessential Migration State?" —Phil Triadafilopoulos and Zack Taylor 12. "Migration and Economic Development: North American Experience" —Philip L. Martin 13. "International Migration and Refugee Movements in Latin America" —Miryam Hazán 14. "The Migration State in South America" —Charles P. Gomes 15. "Migration Governance in Turkey" —Fiona Adamson 16. "Beyond the Migration State: Western Europe since World War II" —Leo Lucassen 17. "Migration and the Liberal Paradox in Europe" —James F. Hollifield 18. "How Immigrants Fare in European Labor Markets" —Pieter Bevelander 19. "The European Union: Shaping Migration Governance in Europe and Beyond" —Andrew Geddes

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Book SynopsisSince the 2008 financial crisis, complex capital flows have ravaged everyday communities across the globe. Housing in particular has become increasingly precarious. In response, many movements now contest the long-held promises and established terms of the private ownership of housing. Immigrant activism has played an important, if understudied, role in such struggles over collective consumption. In Dispossession and Dissent, Sophie Gonick examines the intersection of homeownership and immigrant activism through an analysis of Spain's anti-evictions movement, now a hallmark for housing struggles across the globe. Madrid was the crucible for Spain's urban planning and policy, its millennial economic boom (1998–2008), and its more recent mobilizations in response to crisis. During the boom, the city also experienced rapid, unprecedented immigration. Through extensive archival and ethnographic research, Gonick uncovers the city's histories of homeownership and immigration to demonstrate the pivotal role of Andean immigrants within this movement, as the first to contest dispossession from mortgage-related foreclosures and evictions. Consequently, they forged a potent politics of dissent, which drew upon migratory experiences and indigenous traditions of activism to contest foreclosures and evictions.Trade Review"In this beautifully crafted ethnography, Sophie Gonick reveals the dark side of speculative homeownership and the startling vibrancy and camaraderie of immigrant-led urban activism. A wonderful treatise on these turbulent yet hopeful times."—Michael Goldman, author of Imperial Nature"Gonick offers a counter-narrative to familiar accounts that emphasize rising nativism and xenophobia amid segments of the working classes in southern Europe. There are important lessons here for how broad-based progressive alliances can form in the face of collapsing property markets and accumulation by dispossession."—Nik Theodore, University of Illinois at Chicago"Dispossession and Dissent is to be commended for combining oral histories and rich analytics to help us understand not only immigrant integration in Spain but also the importance of homeownership writ large.... Dispossession and Dissent enhances our knowledge of housing and its consequences for immigrant integration."—Peter Catron, American Journal of SociologyTable of Contents1. Immigration, Homeownership, and Activism 2. Mortgaged Inclusion 3. Homeownership's Urbanism 4. Citizen Homeowner 5. Debt Sentences 6. Immigrant Capital 7. Waking the Civil Dead 8. Imagining Urban Futures in the Age of Uncertainty

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Book SynopsisScholars have long examined the relationship between nation-states and their "internal others," such as immigrants and ethnoracial minorities. Contested Embrace shifts the analytic focus to explore how a state relates to people it views as "external members" such as emigrants and diasporas. Specifically, Jaeeun Kim analyzes disputes over the belonging of Koreans in Japan and China, focusing on their contested relationship with the colonial and postcolonial states in the Korean peninsula. Extending the constructivist approach to nationalisms and the culturalist view of the modern state to a transnational context, Contested Embrace illuminates the political and bureaucratic construction of ethno-national populations beyond the territorial boundary of the state. Through a comparative analysis of transborder membership politics in the colonial, Cold War, and post-Cold War periods, the book shows how the configuration of geopolitics, bureaucratic techniques, and actors' agency shapes the making, unmaking, and remaking of transborder ties. Kim demonstrates that being a "homeland" state or a member of the "transborder nation" is a precarious, arduous, and revocable political achievement.Trade Review"Contested Embrace sets a new standard in the study of migration and the state. Kim's theoretically agile and ethnographically vivid account shows how ordinary people and governments across Northeast Asia have wrestled over the question of who is Korean, and what that means in practice." -- David Scott Fitzgerald * University of California, San Diego *"Contested Embrace is a brilliant and bracing analysis of transborder membership politics. Exhaustively researched and meticulously argued, Jaeeun Kim's book is required reading for anyone interested in modern Northeast Asia, comparative ethnicity and nationalism, and transnational and global studies. It is a great book to think with." -- John Lie * University of California, Berkeley *"This impressive work shows that neither instrumentalist nor culturalist views do justice to how states deal with their diaspora communities abroad and brings rare nuance to the vexed "transnationalism" problematic. Allergic to false binaries of many sorts, not least the one of micro v. macro, Contested Embrace is simply good sociology." -- Christian Joppke * University of Bern *"Kim'sContested Embrace presents a commanding account of the long-term macrohistorical and regional interstate dynamics of the Korean transborder membership, mapping twentieth- and twenty-first-century Korean migration and repatriation across East Asia." -- Journal of Asian Studies"An impressive study, with in-depth historical narratives, engaging theoretical discussions, rich archival and ethnographic data, and nuanced analysis. Contested Embraceis the first extensive study that examines all the Korean transborder populations in Northeast Asia." -- American Journal of Sociology"The contributions of Contested Embrace to the literature on nationalism, transnationality, citizenship, and migration are manifold and impressive. In terms of research ambition, scope, and quality of research, this book is a tour de force." -- Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review"A groundbreaking work that reshapes the field of international migration with rich, unusual ethnography, a convincing historical account, and a broader theoretical appeal to the study of nationalism, citizenship, and globalization." -- Contemporary Sociology"Invoking such concepts as 'the presentation of self' (Goffman) and 'weapons of the weak'(Scott), Kim provides a vivid analysis of migrants' involvement in document forgeries, sham marriages, and other forms of identity fraud, contributing an especially agentic portrayal of the politics of 'who is what.'" -- Han'guk Munhwa (Korean Culture)"Contested Embrace uniquely and thoroughly connects the structural changes in the nation-building process, changes in geopolitical orders, and political and economic shifts in East Asia to the micro-analysis of individuals' experiences and negotiations with top-down policies." -- Sociological Forum"Kim has meticulously utilized both historiographic and ethnographic approaches to dissect and analyze the discourse of belonging on the part of ethnic Koreans caught up in the violent and divisive historical developments in twentieth-century East Asia. Contested Embrace is a seminal work that integrates the historical, political, social, and economic experiences of diasporic Koreans in Japan and China vis-à-vis North and South Korea." -- Arnel E. Joven * Pacific Affairs *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction: Making, Unmaking, and Remaking Transborder Ties chapter abstractThis chapter begins with three ethnographic vignettes that reveal the common experiences of colonial-era ethnic Korean migrants and their descendants in Japan and northeast China: forcible separation from and neglect by their state of origin; shifting sense of loyalty and belonging to multiple states involved; efforts to maintain, rebuild, or take advantage of cross-border family ties; and complex dealings with various documentation practices in attempts to reclaim membership in their putative "homeland." The chapter situates the book in the literature on transborder membership politics and discusses its distinctive contributions. Building on a wide range of literature on official classification practices, modern identification techniques, the symbolic power of the state, and the control of cross-border migration, this chapter proposes a set of theoretical arguments about how states' registration and documentation practices contribute to the making, unmaking, and remaking of the "homeland state" and the "transborder nation." Chapter 1: Engaging Colonial Subjects on the Move: Colonial State, Migration, and Diasporic Nationhood chapter abstractChapter 1 analyzes the construction of the legal, bureaucratic, and semantic infrastructures of Korean nation-building, which emerged amidst the dramatic transformation of the regional interstate system and the massive intraregional migration in the beginning of the twentieth century. By comparatively examining the colonial state's engagement with Korean migrants in Japan and Manchuria, Chapter 1 shows how these infrastructures helped the colonial state claim migrants of peninsular origin uniformly as "its own"—if with varying degrees of success—despite differences among these migrants, their resistance to this compulsory incorporation, and the competing claims made by other states. The colonial state's transborder engagement contributed to the formation of the Korean nation as a legally codified, pervasively institutionalized, and enduringly documented community both inside and outside the colony, providing a critical institutional scaffolding for the diasporic imagination of Korean nationalism and laying the ground for transborder membership politics for decades to come. Chapter 2: "Who Owns the Nation?" Cold War Competition over Zainichi Koreans in Japan chapter abstractChapter 2 examines the prolonged and vehement competition between North and South Korea over the allegiance of colonial-era Korean migrants who remained in Japan in the context of decolonization and the Cold War. The divergent transborder nation-building strategies that the two postcolonial states employed to make their own docile citizens out of this opaque and recalcitrant population are identified. North Korea launched a successful repatriation campaign and heavily invested in Korean enclaves, presenting itself as a safe haven in which marginalized Koreans could find an escape. South Korea instead fashioned itself as a broker that could facilitate their integration into the Japanese mainstream, and a gatekeeper that could control their engagement with families and home communities in South Korea. The control of the bureaucratic persona of Koreans in Japan, buttressed by the consensual practices of other states, was critical for South Korea's eventual ascendancy in this competition. Chapter 3: Beyond "Bamboo Curtain" and "Hermit Kingdom": Korean Chinese between Two Socialist Fatherlands chapter abstractThe successful incorporation of Koreans who remained in Manchuria into communist China led to their disownment by South Korea, yet this incorporation was not necessarily seen as incompatible with their special tie to North Korea. Chapter 3 examines how China, North Korea, and the Korean Chinese embraced or challenged varying interpretations of this transborder tie, and how they reconfigured the boundary and the meaning of the Korean nation. Beyond the realm of ethnic minority policies, it examines the changing management of several cross-border migration flows (both authorized and unauthorized) as a lens with which to explore the unfolding of this relationship. It shows how various forms of cross-border transactions profoundly shaped the war-making, state-making, and nation-making (or unmaking) processes in both countries, as well as the life trajectories of Korean Chinese who straddled their two fatherlands to navigate the turbulent socialist transition in both countries. Chapter 4: Reluctant Embrace and Struggles for Inclusion: Korean Chinese "Return" Migration to Post-Cold War South Korea chapter abstractPost Cold-War transborder membership politics gained momentum from the influx of Korean Chinese into South Korea. Chapter 4 highlight the protracted confusion, uncertainty, and indeterminacy that both state and non-state actors in South Korea experienced in trying to "properly" classify the long forgotten ethnonational kin, substantiate their belated claim to membership, and regulate their access to the affluent "homeland." It also reveals the porosity of the walls within which South Korea enclosed itself to exclude the Korean Chinese from transborder membership. On the one hand, Korean Chinese migrants struggled to redefine their collective identity in the legal, political, and public spheres by presenting themselves as an integral part of the Korean nation. But equally importantly, Korean Chinese migrants challenged the state's monopolistic truth claim about their individual identities by engaging in micropolitical struggles in bureaucratic settings, mobilizing alternative genres of identification and creating false paper identities for themselves. Conclusion: Ethnic Nationalism, Globalization, and the Future of Transborder Membership Politics chapter abstractThe conclusion recapitulates the book's five main theoretical arguments. It shows how each chapter highlights the fundamentally political, performative, and constitutive nature of transborder nation-building; examines the bureaucratic underpinning of transborder membership politics; reveals its historical nature; demonstrates the importance of the broader interstate system in determining the efficacy of the state's transborder claims-making; and offers a deeply agentic portrayal of transborder membership politics by attending not only to the macropolitics but also to the micropolitics of identity. It also demonstrates the values and the limitations of ethnic nationalism as an analytic category by identifying the historical genesis of the bureaucratic and semantic infrastructures of ethnic nationalism, its variable manifestations (or lack thereof) in different policy domains and repertoires of contention, and its persistence as well as metamorphosis over time. A discussion on the future of transborder membership politics in the contemporary phase of globalization follows.

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Book SynopsisSince the 2008 financial crisis, complex capital flows have ravaged everyday communities across the globe. Housing in particular has become increasingly precarious. In response, many movements now contest the long-held promises and established terms of the private ownership of housing. Immigrant activism has played an important, if understudied, role in such struggles over collective consumption. In Dispossession and Dissent, Sophie Gonick examines the intersection of homeownership and immigrant activism through an analysis of Spain's anti-evictions movement, now a hallmark for housing struggles across the globe. Madrid was the crucible for Spain's urban planning and policy, its millennial economic boom (1998–2008), and its more recent mobilizations in response to crisis. During the boom, the city also experienced rapid, unprecedented immigration. Through extensive archival and ethnographic research, Gonick uncovers the city's histories of homeownership and immigration to demonstrate the pivotal role of Andean immigrants within this movement, as the first to contest dispossession from mortgage-related foreclosures and evictions. Consequently, they forged a potent politics of dissent, which drew upon migratory experiences and indigenous traditions of activism to contest foreclosures and evictions.Trade Review"In this beautifully crafted ethnography, Sophie Gonick reveals the dark side of speculative homeownership and the startling vibrancy and camaraderie of immigrant-led urban activism. A wonderful treatise on these turbulent yet hopeful times."—Michael Goldman, author of Imperial Nature"Gonick offers a counter-narrative to familiar accounts that emphasize rising nativism and xenophobia amid segments of the working classes in southern Europe. There are important lessons here for how broad-based progressive alliances can form in the face of collapsing property markets and accumulation by dispossession."—Nik Theodore, University of Illinois at Chicago"Dispossession and Dissent is to be commended for combining oral histories and rich analytics to help us understand not only immigrant integration in Spain but also the importance of homeownership writ large.... Dispossession and Dissent enhances our knowledge of housing and its consequences for immigrant integration."—Peter Catron, American Journal of SociologyTable of Contents1. Immigration, Homeownership, and Activism 2. Mortgaged Inclusion 3. Homeownership's Urbanism 4. Citizen Homeowner 5. Debt Sentences 6. Immigrant Capital 7. Waking the Civil Dead 8. Imagining Urban Futures in the Age of Uncertainty

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Book SynopsisToday, the concept of "the refugee" as distinct from other migrants looms large. Immigration laws have developed to reinforce a dichotomy between those viewed as voluntary, often economically motivated, migrants who can be legitimately excluded by potential host states, and those viewed as forced, often politically motivated, refugees who should be let in. In Crossing, Rebecca Hamlin argues against advocacy positions that cling to this distinction. Everything we know about people who decide to move suggests that border crossing is far more complicated than any binary, or even a continuum, can encompass. Drawing on cases of various "border crises" across Europe, North America, South America, and the Middle East, Hamlin outlines major inconsistencies and faulty assumptions on which the binary relies. The migrant/refugee binary is not just an innocuous shorthand—indeed, its power stems from the way in which it is painted as apolitical. In truth, the binary is a dangerous legal fiction, politically constructed with the ultimate goal of making harsh border control measures more ethically palatable to the public. This book is a challenge to all those invested in the rights and study of migrants to move toward more equitable advocacy for all border crossers.Trade Review"Crossing is a theoretically rich, historically informed, and empirically sweeping corrective to misleading narratives about forced versus voluntary migration and the legal realities they generate. Rebecca Hamlin excavates the deep harms done by imposing distorting categories on the diverse realities of migrant lives and shows us how better language and laws will benefit everyone."—Elizabeth F. Cohen, Syracuse University"A remarkable book. Hamlin applies deep insight and meticulous research to explore the expedient but misleading wisdom that sharply distinguishes refugees from migrants. This is essential reading for anyone eager for a pathbreaking and surely influential perspective on migration in the twenty-first century."—Hiroshi Motomura, UCLA School of Law"Hamlin's book indeed wakes interest for these aspects: what is that space called 'beyond binaries' like and how are we to navigate it without use of other concepts that make sense in relation to their origin?"—Aina Backman, Anthropology Book Forum"In this book, Rebecca Hamlin has skillfully brought into view the manifold consequences of the persistent migrant/refugee binary on policy, advocacy, and scholarship. Illuminating both its origins and effects, and offering impulses for challenging it, Crossing is set to become a key point of reference for those seeking to deconstruct the problematic binary 'migrant/refugee' logic – and potentially paves the way for a deconstruction of the logic of the border itself."—Silvester Schlebrügge, Ethnic and Racial StudiesTable of Contents1. The Migrant/Refugee Binary 2. Uneven Sovereignties 3. Academic Study 4. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 5. The Global South 6. Arrivals in Europe 7. American Public Discourse 8. Beyond Binary Thinking

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Book SynopsisThe industrial-port belt of Los Angeles is home to eleven of the top twenty oil refineries in California, the largest ports in the country, and those "racist monuments" we call freeways. In this uncelebrated corner of "La La Land" through which most of America's goods transit, pollution is literally killing the residents. In response, a grassroots movement for environmental justice has grown, predominated by Asian and undocumented Latin@ immigrant women who are transforming our political landscape—yet we know very little about these change makers. In Refusing Death, Nadia Y. Kim tells their stories, finding that the women are influential because of their ability to remap politics, community, and citizenship in the face of the country's nativist racism and system of class injustice, defined not just by disproportionate environmental pollution but also by neglected schools, surveillance and deportation, and political marginalization. The women are highly conscious of how these harms are an assault on their bodies and emotions, and of their resulting reliance on a state they prefer to avoid and ignore. In spite of such challenges and contradictions, however, they have developed creative, unconventional, and loving ways to support and protect one another. They challenge the state's betrayal, demand respect, and, ultimately, refuse death.Trade Review"Immigrant environmental justice movements are at the leading edge of social change in global cities, and yet they are frequently overlooked. Nadia Kim delivers a major intervention for reassessing the impacts of these movements, extending our vision with a keen ethnographic eye, a compelling narrative, and robust theoretical analyses."—David Naguib Pello, author of What is Critical Environmental Justice?"An urgent, much-needed account of the activism of Filipin@ and Latin@ immigrant activists in Los Angeles. Spotlighting gendered resistance and community citizenmaking, Kim effectively recasts environmental justice to mean commitment to care for both physical and emotional lives."—Yen Lê Espiritu, University of California, San Diego"An innovative and close-up look at the ways in which Latin@ and Filipin@ activists mobilize bodies, emotions, and gendered caregiving in their struggle for environmental justice."—Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo, University of Southern California"The author poignantly conveys how aware these women are that pollution in their community is assaulting their bodies and emotions and leading to death. One of the book's major strengths is the respectful and culturally sensitive manner in which Kim employs mixed methods and intersectional approaches to detail how the women-led act of embodied citizenship—emotional support of one's neighbors against the assault of 'bioneglect'—constitutes a key resistance strategy....Highly recommended."—I. Coronado, CHOICE"I found the focus on embodiment and the expansion of Foucauldian thought to bioneglect to be the most compelling parts of this book. In addition, I was struck by Kim's honesty when she reported contradictions in the field."—Sanchita Dasgupta, Sociology of Race and Ethnicity"Kim's book is an essential read and eminently teachable. It will be a new classic in environmental justice, grounded in the original home discipline of the field and drawing from key works of sociologists like Robert Bullard, Beverly Wright, and David Pellow."—Julie Sze, American Journal of SociologyTable of ContentsIntroduction: Fighting for Breath in the Other LA 1. Neoliberal Embodied Assault 2. Emotions as Power 3. Every Body Matters 4. "Our Community Has Boundaries": Race and Class Matter 5. Citizenship as Gendered Caring 6. politics Without the Politics 7. The Kids Will Save Us Afterword: Toward Bioneglect

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Book SynopsisUpon arrival to the United States, Mexican immigrants are racialized as simultaneously non-White and "illegal." This racialization process complicates notions of race that they bring with them, as the "pigmentocracy" of Mexican society, in which their skin color may have afforded them more privileges within their home country, collides with the American racial system. Racial Baggage examines how immigration reconfigures U.S. race relations, illuminating how the immigration experience can transform understandings of race in home and host countries. Drawing on interviews with Mexicans in Los Angeles and Guadalajara, sociologist Sylvia Zamora illustrates how racialization is a transnational process that not only changes immigrants themselves, but also everyday understandings of race and racism within the United States and Mexico. Within their communities and networks that span an international border, Zamora argues, immigrants come to define "race" in a way distinct from both the color-conscious hierarchy of Mexican society and the Black-White binary prevalent within the United States. In the process, their stories demonstrate how race is not static, but rather an evolving social phenomenon forever altered by immigration.Trade Review"During the Mexican Revolution, nationalizing elites forged ideas about the Mexican character, which included the mistaken notions that racism or Black people did not exist in their country. Mexican immigration has since become the largest, longest, and arguably the most marginalized in U.S. history. Through rich interviews, Sylvia Zamora uncovers how immigration and changes in both societies transform immigrant ideas about race and racism."—Edward Telles, author of Pigmentocracies"Racial Baggage demonstrates how racial ideologies travel across the U.S.-Mexico border. This excellent and highly original book challenges many assumptions about how migrants develop racial awareness and offers a compelling transnational framework that represents a critical intervention in the field."—Julie A. Dowling, author of Mexican Americans and the Question of Race"Zamora has produced an important new contribution to the fields of sociology, history, immigration studies, ethnic/minority studies, and political science. Those interested in better understanding the historical and ideological forces shaping immigration and race will want to readRacial Baggage. Highly recommended."—M. G. Urbina, CHOICE"Drawing on a rich set of interview data with 75 non-migrants, return migrants, and immigrants in the United States, Zamora forcefully advances race relations, identity formation and meaning making, and transnational migration social science literature while also shedding new light on how the US–Mexico border operates as a race-making site."—Stephanie L. Canizales, Social Forces"Ideas about race and the attitudes and practices they elicit vary greatly between the United States and Mexico. But what happens with the large-scale migration and fluid mobility of people between both countries? With Racial Baggage, Sylvia Zamora makes a valuable contribution to understand the dynamic ideas and practices regarding race across the border. It is not only that migrants discover themselves as racialized in the eyes of those already living in the United States of America, but also that their experiences North of the border inform anew their relations back in Mexico."—Raúl Acosta, Ethnic and Racial StudiesTable of ContentsIntroduction: Immigration and Racial Transformation in America 1. Race in Mexico: Mestizo Privilege 2. Racial Border Crossings 3. First Encounters with Race in El Norte 4. Settling In: Illegality and the U.S. Color Line Conclusion: From Mestizo to Minority

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Book SynopsisThe global race for talent is on, with countries and businesses competing for the best and brightest. Talented individuals migrate much more frequently than the general population, and the United States has received exceptional inflows of human capital. This foreign talent has transformed U.S. science and engineering, reshaped the economy, and influenced society at large. But America is bogged down in thorny debates on immigration policy, and the world around the United States is rapidly catching up, especially China and India. The future is quite uncertain, and the global talent puzzle deserves close examination. To do this, William R. Kerr uniquely combines insights and lessons from business practice, government policy, and individual decision making. Examining popular ideas that have taken hold and synthesizing rigorous research across fields such as entrepreneurship and innovation, regional advantage, and economic policy, Kerr gives voice to data and ideas that should drive the next wave of policy and business practice. The Gift of Global Talent deftly transports readers from joyous celebrations at the Nobel Prize ceremony to angry airport protests against the Trump administration's travel ban. It explores why talented migration drives the knowledge economy, describes how universities and firms govern skilled admissions, explains the controversies of the H-1B visa used by firms like Google and Apple, and discusses the economic inequalities and superstar firms that global talent flows produce. The United States has been the steward of a global gift, and this book explains the huge leadership decision it now faces and how it can become even more competitive for attracting tomorrow's talent. Please visit www.hbs.edu/managing-the-future-of-work/research/Pages/default.aspx to learn more about the book.Trade Review"This is a clear-eyed exposition of how talent moves around the world and why so much lands in the United States. Chock-full of compelling data, this book shows that the economic stakes in today's over-heated immigration debate couldn't be higher. This is a must-read for policy makers."—Janet Napolitano, President of the University of California, former Secretary of Homeland Security and Governor of Arizona"This book is brilliant, lucid, and timely. William Kerr understands the value of talent, and demonstrates a wealth of it himself in his exploration of why and how smart people migrate and cluster. A must-read for anyone who wants to understand this crucial topic."—Robert Guest, Foreign Editor of The Economist, and author of Borderless Economics"America's small businesses are under pressure when it comes to accessing the skilled workers they need to compete. William Kerr brilliantly illuminates a framework for the critical conversation that we need to have if we want small businesses to continue to drive our nation's economic success."—Karen G. Mills, Former Administrator of the U.S. Small Business Administration and Cabinet Member under President Obama"If immigration is to provide sizable economic gains to a receiving country, the place to look is high-skill. William Kerr gives a comprehensive and objective summary of what we know about its economic impact. The book is an invaluable resource."—George J. Borjas, Harvard Kennedy School, and author of We Wanted Workers"The Gift of Global Talent offers key insights on how immigrant entrepreneurs spur U.S. economic growth, create American jobs, and help to further technological and scientific advancement in the U.S. It is an important addition to our national dialogue on immigration and should be required reading for policymakers."—Bobby Franklin, President and CEO, National Venture Capital Association"Its explanation of the role of high-skilled immigration and the reforms that are needed to maintain US competitiveness make this one of the most important books on policy of our time. As Kerr explains, knowledge and talent are now the world's most important resources."—Vivek Wadhwa, Carnegie Mellon University, author, The Driver in the Driverless Car"By showing how talent shapes economies and impacts organizations, Kerr has created a compelling, essential book for the C-suite, especially CHROs. In the competitive search for diversity and talent, companies will need to understand talent clusters and flow. This book provides valuable context as they develop their strategies."—Scott Rutherford, Senior Partner, McKinsey & Company"The Gift of Global Talent crystalizes how much the American economy benefits from skilled foreign workers. For American innovation to thrive in the 21st century, we must attract the best minds out there, and Kerr's excellent book teaches us how to do just that."—Edward Glaeser, Harvard University and author, Triumph of the City"If you want to understand why Boston and Silicon Valley have created such vibrant ecosystems, read this book! All of the best and brightest don't work in the U.S., and we should do everything we can to attract and keep that talent. This is the fuel for future generations of startups."—Dharmesh Shah, Co-Founder and CTO, HubSpot"As advanced technologies and artificial intelligence reshape business and the future of work, access to great and digitally expert talent is critical. Kerr's powerful book describes how leading companies and countries can attract and leverage this highly mobile and connected professional population for the broader benefit of their organizations and societies."—Vittorio Colao, CEO, Vodafone Group"Kerr's pioneering research on talent coalesces in this essential new book. Talent clusters and an openness to them determine the wealth of cities, nations, and the global economy. A must-read for CEOs, policy makers, and mayors, this is the antidote to the populism threatening the world."—Richard Florida, University of Toronto, Editor-at-Large, CityLab, The Atlantic and author of The Rise of the Creative Class"Kerr's work, based on solid empirical evidence and free of political bias, is easily understandable as he navigates economic theory and public policy. Readers interested in business, economics, sociology, or political science will enjoy this balanced perspective on what Kerr calls the 'defining issue for our time.' Highly recommended."––R. Dupont, CHOICE"You've probably heard the idea that data, not oil, is the most valuable resource of the 21st century. If you read The Gift of Global Talent, and I think you should, you might conclude that skills are our most precious resource.As [the book] amply documents, the U.S. continues to put up barriers that prevent the most skilled and educated individuals from working (and studying) in the U.S."—Joshua Kim, Inside Higher Ed"An especially valuable aspect of [Kerr's] research is the fact that he does indeed effectively connect the academic, analytical approach to the book's subject matter with business- and practice-oriented conclusions, including some very interesting predictions and policy recommendations. In addition, Kerr relies on his family experience (p. 174). He thus has a deep personal knowledge of the subject matter and offers an important human perspective in regard to the issue of brain drain as well as migration in general."—Andrei V. Korobkov, Contemporary SociologyTable of ContentsIntroduction: Why Global Talent Matters to You 1. Talent on the Move 2. The Economics of Talent Clusters 3. Innovation in the United States 4. Points Versus Firms 5. The Education Pathway 6. Talent Clusters to Rule Them All 7. The New HR Challenge 8. Global Diffusion Remade 9. Revenge of the Nerds Conclusions: Fragile U.S. Leadership

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Book SynopsisTens of thousands of Palestinians migrated to the Americas in the final decades of the nineteenth century and early decades of the twentieth. By 1936, an estimated 40,000 Palestinians lived outside geographic Palestine. Transnational Palestine is the first book to explore the history of Palestinian immigration to Latin America, the struggles Palestinian migrants faced to secure Palestinian citizenship in the interwar period, and the ways in which these challenges contributed to the formation of a Palestinian diaspora and to the emergence of Palestinian national consciousness. Nadim Bawalsa considers the migrants' strategies for economic success in the diaspora, for preserving their heritage, and for resisting British mandate legislation, including citizenship rejections meted out to thousands of Palestinian migrants. They did this in newspapers, social and cultural clubs and associations, political organizations and committees, and in hundreds of petitions and pleas delivered to local and international governing bodies demanding justice for Palestinian migrants barred from Palestinian citizenship. As this book shows, Palestinian political consciousness developed as a thoroughly transnational process in the first half of the twentieth century—and the first articulation of a Palestinian right of return emerged well before 1948.Trade Review"A significant contribution to the history of Palestinian transnational activism. Anchoring his story in the lives of Palestinians in Latin America, Nadim Bawalsa amplifies the diasporic dimension of the 'right of return.' A must read for scholar-activists of the modern Middle East, inter-war politics, and national liberation struggles."—Sarah M.A. Gualtieri, author of Arab Routes: Pathways to Syrian California"Transnational Palestine is an extensive and original investigation into the lives of early Palestinian migrants in Latin America. Nadim Bawalsa has an uncanny ability to evoke from submerged archival sources and diaspora presses the adventures and tribulations of those pioneering travelers."—Salim Tamari, author of The Great War and the Remaking of Palestine"Bawalsa succeeds in widening the reader's temporal and geographical horizons when thinking about the right of return, and in doing so, he helps us to better understand the Palestinians history of dispossession."—Marc Martorell Junyent, Mondoweiss"Transnational Palestine tells of the painful struggle of loyal sons and daughters of Palestine against Britain's theft of their national identity, decades before 1948, the first group of marooned, stateless, Palestinian exiles. It's a story of British perfidy and Palestinian persistence, which Bawalsa says no previous book has told. Moreover, he shows how the dogged and sophisticated resistance campaign of these Palestinians contributed to their nation's political organization and identity formation during the British Mandate period."—Steve France, Washington Report on Middle East Affairs"Nadim Bawalsa's Transnational Palestine is a significant contribution to the history of Mandate Palestine, and illuminates the role of British citizenship laws in the dispossession of Palestinians. By exposing the ways Palestinians living abroad (referred to as the mahjar) were denied citizenship by the British Empire during their mandate over Palestine, Bawalsa effectively reframes the fight for right of return of Palestinians both historically and geographically, and reveals its emergence as a response to British imperial governance Transnational Palestine underscores citizenship as a tool in settler colonial projects where relationship to land does not guarantee rights within it or to it."—Randa Tawil, International Journal of Middle East Studies"Through a treasure trove of documents, including applications, appeals, protests and personal correspondence, Bawalsa reveals the relentless struggle of overseas Palestinians, who were torn between their new-found prosperity and peace in the Americas, and their roots in a homeland on the cusp of slipping away."—Omar Ahmed, Middle East Monitor

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Book SynopsisA rich, narrative exploration of the ways love defies, survives, thrives, and dies as lovers contend with US immigration policy. For mixed-citizenship couples, getting married is the easy part. The US Supreme Court has confirmed the universal civil right to marry, guaranteeing every couple's ability to wed. But the Supreme Court has denied that this right to marriage includes married couples' right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness on US soil, creating a challenge for mixed-citizenship couples whose individual-level rights do not translate to family-level protections. While US citizens can extend legal inclusion to their spouses through family reunification, they must prove their worthiness and the worthiness of their love before their relationship will be officially recognized by the state. In Unauthorized Love, Jane López offers a comprehensive, critical look at US family reunification law and its consequences as experienced by 56 mixed-citizenship American couples. These couples' stories––of integration and alienation, of opportunity and inequality, of hope and despair––make tangible the consequences of current US immigration laws that tend to favor Whiteness, wealth, and heteronormativity, as well as the individual rather than the family unit, in awarding membership and official belonging. In examining the experiences of couples struggling to negotiate intimacy under the constraints of immigration policy, López argues for a rethinking of citizenship as a family affair.Trade Review"In the public imaginary, marriage is an easy way to immigrate to the United States and one of the surest and quickest pathways to a green card. This is pure fiction. Through a deeply moving portrayal of (un)authorized love stories, López explains why. From poker game-like strategies for family reunification to the visceral experiences of absence and (dis)integration, López combines analytical clarity with ethnographic insight to illustrate the repercussions of the imagined category of individualized citizenship codified into U.S. immigration law. I have yet to read a book that so deftly—and with such grace—captures the intimate costs of the U.S. immigration system on marital relationships. If this does not convince you of the inequality perpetuated by current immigration policies, I am not sure if anything can."—Joanna Dreby, author of Everyday Illegal: When Policies Undermine Immigrant Families"While Americans may believe that love conquers all, this important, beautifully written book shows how our citizenship and immigration laws function to sever married couples, affecting children, extended families, and communities. Grounded in the lives of everyday people, it contributes to our understanding of immigration, gender and the family, and the sociology of law, and points us toward sensible and fair policy changes that could protect these vulnerable families."—Mary C. Waters, Harvard University"This remarkable study of mixed-citizen unions exposes the difficult terrain couples encounter in their attempts to earn the right to love and live together. Theoretically compelling, empirically rich, and cogently reasoned, Unauthorized Love sheds important light on the family-level consequences of reunification success, failure, and uncertainty. Powerful and enlightening."—Roberto G. Gonzales, author of Lives in Limbo"[López's] study presents compelling life stories of love and family that enrich and complicate understandings of immigration from across the US southern border in an accessible narrative. Recommended."—E. Hu-DeHart, CHOICE"Unauthorized Love: Mixed-Citizenship Couples Negotiating Intimacy, Immigration, and the State, a rich, well-argued, and luminous book by Jane Lilly López, shows how U.S. family reunification policy shapes the intimate and social lives of [mixed-citizenship] married couples. One in 13 U.S. couples must navigate a system in which policy-based definitions of legitimate relationships and deserving individuals menace the process of trying to sponsor a spouse."—Stephen P. Ruszczyk, American Journal of Sociology"The book's primary contributions to the sociological study of mixed-status families is two-fold. First, López illustrates the class dimensions of family reunification.... Second, López shows that although the immigration system ostensibly punishes individuals for individual immigration status violations, the repercussions of these punishments reverberate through an immigrant's family and broader social networks—regardless of citizenship status.... The notion that a whole family becomes unauthorized with the rejection of a noncitizen spouse is a powerful way to elucidate the shortcomings of citizenship as an individual status."—Jennifer Cook, Contemporary SociologyTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. The Same, but Different 2. The Right Kind of Love(r) 3. Navigating the High Stakes of US Family Reunification Law 4. (Dis)Integrated Families, (Dis)Integrated Lives 5. Institutional (In)Visibility 6. Parenthetical Belonging Conclusion

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Book SynopsisMore than one million Indians travel annually to work in oil projects in the Gulf, one of the few international destinations where men without formal education can find lucrative employment. Between Dreams and Ghosts follows their migration, taking readers to sites in India, the United Arab Emirates, and Kuwait, from villages to oilfields and back again. Engaging all parties involved—the migrants themselves, the recruiting agencies that place them, the government bureaucrats that regulate their emigration, and the corporations that hire them—Andrea Wright examines labor migration as a social process as it reshapes global capitalism. With this book, Wright demonstrates how migration is deeply informed both by workers' dreams for the future and the ghosts of history, including the enduring legacies of colonial capitalism. As workers navigate bureaucratic hurdles to migration and working conditions in the Gulf, they in turn influence and inform state policies and corporate practices. Placing migrants at the center of global capital rather than its periphery, Wright shows how migrants are not passive bodies at the mercy of abstract forces—and reveals through their experiences a new understanding of contemporary resource extraction, governance, and global labor.Trade Review"Drawing upon extraordinarily rich fieldwork and a deep knowledge of the region, Andrea Wright brilliantly weaves the transnational connections between India and the Gulf. Between Dreams and Ghosts is a landmark contribution that pushes our understanding of oil, labor, and migrant lives in new and unexpected directions." —Adam Hanieh, author of Money, Markets, and Monarchies: The Gulf Cooperation Council and the Political Economy of the Contemporary Middle East"Andrea Wright's elegantly crafted ethnography of the lived experiences of Indian migrants to the Gulf oil industry is a telling narrative of the poetics and politics of labor migration. Rich with multiple perspectives and based on extensive fieldwork, Between Dreams and Ghosts stands out as a sensitive and stunning account." —Anand Yang, author of Empire of Convicts: Indian Penal Labor in Colonial Southeast Asia"Andrea Wright's compelling work shows that the oil and money on which so many studies focus is inextricably entangled with the bodies and aspirations of labor migrants. Between Dreams and Ghosts takes readers deep into the transnational swirl of moving people and objects that link the Gulf to India." —Douglas Rogers, author of The Depths of Russia: Oil, Power, and Culture after Socialism"Wright presents a fascinating, creatively researched study of Indian migrant workers in the oil industry of the Gulf states... Getting access to the exploiters as well as those exploited—and their ghost stories—is a tribute to the author's daring strategies of research. ... Highly recommended."—C. M. Henry, CHOICE"Even in a book that is in many ways fuelled by oil, the perspective of Wright's story is a very fresh take on the life-worlds that exist inside this massive industry. InBetween Dreams and Ghosts, we get to think about the materiality of the oil industry, and how the materiality itself takes on a transnational and even metaphysical life. The substantive contribution ofBeyond Ghosts and Dreamsto the study of migration in the Gulf is powerfully supported by the ways in which Wright 'passes the mic' and allows migrants to speak throughout, even allowing them to make their mark on the text. One gets the sense that Wright has been exceptionally faithful to her interlocutors and tells a story that would be recognisable to them."—Lindsey Stephenson, South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies"In dealing with migrants' lives and the biopolitics of the Indian state at a granular level, Between Dreams and Ghosts does an excellent job at uncovering the agency embedded in labor migration networks, often concealed by a mounting neoliberal corporate logic that naturalizes both labor inequalities and state intervention."—Nelida Fuccaro, Mashriq & Mahjar"Between Dreams and Ghosts is an essential text for both undergraduate and graduate students of South Asian studies, Gulf and Middle East Studies, political economy, labor, and migration; it also provides an important intervention for a range of non- academic audiences, including policy makers, journalists, labor organizers, and human rights groups."—Neha Vora, Political and Legal Anthropology ReviewTable of ContentsIntroduction: Beyond Surplus and Scarcity Part I: Of Mangoes and Men One: Protecting Vulnerable Citizens Two: Cultivating Entrepreneurs Three: Building Influential Networks Part II: Connective Substances Four: Making Kin with Gold Five: The Rig and the Temple Part III: The Weight of Tradition Six: Blowing Sand Seven: The Demon of Unsafe Acts Conclusion: Enduring Debts

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Book SynopsisA stirring account of the experiences of migrant domestic workers, and what freedom, abuse, and power mean within a vast contract labor system. In the United Arab Emirates, there is an employment sponsorship system known as the kafala. Migrant domestic workers within it must solely work for their employer, secure their approval to leave the country, and obtain their consent to terminate a job. In Unfree, Rhacel Salazar Parreñas examines the labor of women from the Philippines, who represent the largest domestic workforce in the country. She challenges presiding ideas about the kafala, arguing that its reduction to human trafficking is, at best, unproductive, and at worst damaging to genuine efforts to regulate this system that impacts tens of millions of domestic workers across the globe. The kafala system technically renders migrant workers unfree as they are made subject to the arbitrary authority of their employer. Not surprisingly, it has been the focus of intense scrutiny and criticism from human rights advocates and scholars. Yet, contrary to their claims, Parreñas argues that most employers do not abuse domestic workers or maximize the extraction of their labor. Still, the outrage elicited by this possibility dominates much of public discourse and overshadows the more mundane reality of domestic work in the region. Drawing on unparalleled data collected over 4 years,this book diverges from previous studies as it establishes that the kafala system does not necessarily result in abuse, but instead leads to the absence of labor standards. This absence is reflected in the diversity of work conditions across households, ranging from dehumanizing treatment, infantilization, to respect and recognition of domestic workers. Unfree shows how various stakeholders, including sending and receiving states, NGOs, inter-governmental organizations, employers and domestic workers, project moral standards to guide the unregulated labor of domestic work. They can mitigate or aggravate the arbitrary authority of employers. Parreñas offers a deft and rich portrait of how morals mediate work on the ground, warning against the dangers of reducing unfreedom to structural violence.Trade Review"Challenging standard interpretations of migrant women's powerlessness and oppression, Rhacel Salazar Parreñas offers a pathbreaking account of Filipino domestic workers in the United Arab Emirates. A compelling contribution not only to studies of migration and labor but also to economic sociology."—Viviana A. Zelizer, Princeton University"I have long been impressed by the distinctive ways in which Parreñas generates her analysis of diverse social conditions. These analytic modes emerge once again in her latest book Unfree, one phrase that contains a vastness of meanings. This is a must-read."—Saskia Sassen, Columbia University"In this impressive ethnography, Parreñas illuminates moral harms associated with 'unfree labor' and offers new insights into the quandary that arises when redress for those harms lays well beyond the laws of sending states, receiving states, and international organizations."—Mary Hawkesworth, Rutgers UniversityBased on the republican conceptualization of unfreedom, [Unfree] paves the way for understanding a wide range of experiences and conditions of migrant domestic workers in the UAE. This study... both acknowledges the positive experiences of domestic workers in thekafalasystem and includes them in the analysis by complicating the story of exploitation unlike the previous studies on domestic work in the region."—Canan Uçar, International Migration"Locating unfreedom in the sponsorship system that gives free reign to sponsors over their employees,Unfree lays a critical foundation for future scholarly, legal, and policy interventions in migrant domestic work, both in the Arab world and beyond. Excellent for anyone working on labor and migration. Highly Recommended."—J. Alkorani, CHOICE"Unfree guides us through the transnational mobility of these domestic workers and their subsequent economic immobility. Using relatively plain language, the book is accessible to academic and non-academic audiences from disparate disciplinary backgrounds who are interested in understanding Filipino domestic work in the UAE beyond victimhood."—Estella Carpi, Mashriq & Mahar"A powerful, pathbreaking book that upends many (Orientalist) assumptions about migrant domestic work in Arab states, Unfree is set to become a classic."—Victoria Reyes, American Journal of Sociology"Without doubt, [Unfree] sets a new direction for us to understand the work environment of migrant domestic workers and should be read by all who are interested in the topic."—Eric Fong, Social Forces

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Book SynopsisA rich, narrative exploration of the ways love defies, survives, thrives, and dies as lovers contend with US immigration policy. For mixed-citizenship couples, getting married is the easy part. The US Supreme Court has confirmed the universal civil right to marry, guaranteeing every couple's ability to wed. But the Supreme Court has denied that this right to marriage includes married couples' right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness on US soil, creating a challenge for mixed-citizenship couples whose individual-level rights do not translate to family-level protections. While US citizens can extend legal inclusion to their spouses through family reunification, they must prove their worthiness and the worthiness of their love before their relationship will be officially recognized by the state. In Unauthorized Love, Jane López offers a comprehensive, critical look at US family reunification law and its consequences as experienced by 56 mixed-citizenship American couples. These couples' stories––of integration and alienation, of opportunity and inequality, of hope and despair––make tangible the consequences of current US immigration laws that tend to favor Whiteness, wealth, and heteronormativity, as well as the individual rather than the family unit, in awarding membership and official belonging. In examining the experiences of couples struggling to negotiate intimacy under the constraints of immigration policy, López argues for a rethinking of citizenship as a family affair.Trade Review"In the public imaginary, marriage is an easy way to immigrate to the United States and one of the surest and quickest pathways to a green card. This is pure fiction. Through a deeply moving portrayal of (un)authorized love stories, López explains why. From poker game-like strategies for family reunification to the visceral experiences of absence and (dis)integration, López combines analytical clarity with ethnographic insight to illustrate the repercussions of the imagined category of individualized citizenship codified into U.S. immigration law. I have yet to read a book that so deftly—and with such grace—captures the intimate costs of the U.S. immigration system on marital relationships. If this does not convince you of the inequality perpetuated by current immigration policies, I am not sure if anything can."—Joanna Dreby, author of Everyday Illegal: When Policies Undermine Immigrant Families"While Americans may believe that love conquers all, this important, beautifully written book shows how our citizenship and immigration laws function to sever married couples, affecting children, extended families, and communities. Grounded in the lives of everyday people, it contributes to our understanding of immigration, gender and the family, and the sociology of law, and points us toward sensible and fair policy changes that could protect these vulnerable families."—Mary C. Waters, Harvard University"This remarkable study of mixed-citizen unions exposes the difficult terrain couples encounter in their attempts to earn the right to love and live together. Theoretically compelling, empirically rich, and cogently reasoned, Unauthorized Love sheds important light on the family-level consequences of reunification success, failure, and uncertainty. Powerful and enlightening."—Roberto G. Gonzales, author of Lives in Limbo"[López's] study presents compelling life stories of love and family that enrich and complicate understandings of immigration from across the US southern border in an accessible narrative. Recommended."—E. Hu-DeHart, CHOICE"Unauthorized Love: Mixed-Citizenship Couples Negotiating Intimacy, Immigration, and the State, a rich, well-argued, and luminous book by Jane Lilly López, shows how U.S. family reunification policy shapes the intimate and social lives of [mixed-citizenship] married couples. One in 13 U.S. couples must navigate a system in which policy-based definitions of legitimate relationships and deserving individuals menace the process of trying to sponsor a spouse."—Stephen P. Ruszczyk, American Journal of Sociology"The book's primary contributions to the sociological study of mixed-status families is two-fold. First, López illustrates the class dimensions of family reunification.... Second, López shows that although the immigration system ostensibly punishes individuals for individual immigration status violations, the repercussions of these punishments reverberate through an immigrant's family and broader social networks—regardless of citizenship status.... The notion that a whole family becomes unauthorized with the rejection of a noncitizen spouse is a powerful way to elucidate the shortcomings of citizenship as an individual status."—Jennifer Cook, Contemporary SociologyTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. The Same, but Different 2. The Right Kind of Love(r) 3. Navigating the High Stakes of US Family Reunification Law 4. (Dis)Integrated Families, (Dis)Integrated Lives 5. Institutional (In)Visibility 6. Parenthetical Belonging Conclusion

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