Migration, immigration and emigration Books

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Book SynopsisIn the fall of 1831, Mrs McIndoe and her children left Scotland to join her husband, William, a labourer on the Rideau Canal. When they arrived they discovered that William had already moved on, forcing Mrs McIndoe to appeal to the public to help reunite her family.Trade Review"Firmly grounded in the journals, diaries, and letters of emigrants who sailed from Britain and Ireland for Upper Canada between 1815 and 1845, Emigrant Worlds and Transatlantic Communities is a marvellously empathetic account of the emigrant experience." Catharine Wilson, University of Guelph

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Book SynopsisA timely analysis of Canadian temporary labour migration policies.Table of ContentsContributors include Abigail B. Bakan (Queen's University), Tom Carter (University of Manitoba), Sarah D'Aoust (University of Ottawa), Christina Gabriel (Carleton University), Jill Hanley (McGill University), Jenna Hennebry (Wilfrid Laurier University), Christine Hughes (Carleton University), Karen D. Hughes (University of Alberta), Jahhon Koo (McGill University), Patti Tamara Lenard (University of Ottawa), Laura Macdonald (Carleton University), Janet McLaughlin (Wilfrid Laurier University), Delphine Nakache (University of Ottawa), Jacqueline Oxman-Martinez (Universit de Montral), Kerry Priebisch (University of Guelph), Andr Rivard (University of Windsor), Nandita Sharma (University of Hawaii), Eric Shragge (Concordia University), Denise Spitzer (University of Ottawa), Daiva Stasuilus (Carleton University) Christine Straehle (University of Ottawa), Patricia Tomic (University of British Columbia, Okanagan), Sarah Torres (University of Ottawa), and Richard Trumper (University of British Columbia, Okanagan).

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Book SynopsisThis book chronicles the struggles of undocumented migrant women in France as they fight to become rights-bearing citizens, revealing how concepts of citizenship and nationality intersect with gender, sexuality, and immigration.Trade Review"Raissiguier makes a passionate and rigorous contribution to the contemporary debate on how traditionally universalist France treats and defines subjects who do not fall neatly within Republican categories. This is a compelling and timely study about who has the right or power to symbolize Frenchness. Raissiguier provides us with a careful and detailed history of grassroots movements, working at the intersection between ethnic, gender, and queer issues, and showing exactly how a Western democracy is forced to reevaluate its core values as it seeks to respond to significant changes in its social fabric." -- Mireille Rosello * University of Amsterdam *"What a smart, engaging book. By taking seriously the experiences, ideas and strategies of African women in France, Catherine Raissiguier makes visible the women activists inside the vibrant sans-papiers immigrant rights movement. She shows us why social movements cannot be understood without a feminist curiosity. In the process, she reveals the gendered racialized fissures in contemporary French political culture." -- Cynthia Enloe * author of The Curious Feminist *"[T]his book makes an important contribution to work on gender, migration, race, and nation in France and Europe. . . . It should be widely read by all those who are interested in French and European immigration policies as well as by those who want a better understanding of how discrimination works in the law and politics in the global North today." -- Susan Terrio * Journal of Women, Politics & Policy *"This book provides an insightful and much needed analysis of the sans papières—the women of the sans papiers movement. Raissiguier persuasively argues for the exclusionary nature of French republicanism by exposing the links between the struggles of the sans papières and those for parité and Pactes Civils de Solidarité; in the process, she shows how racism, homophobia, and sexism work together to create outsiders within." -- Miriam Ticktin * The New School *"[Reinventing the Republic makes] an important contribution to the study of the struggle for rights by migrant movements in Europe . . . Catherine Raissiguier takes a novel approach to the French debate by substituting the central concept of personhood for the normative considerations defined by elite national politics." -- Catherine Lloyd * SIGNS *"By adopting a feminist approach to her analysis, Raissiguier highlights the often overlooked role and contributions of the sans-papières in the movement, as well as the hurdles, such as gender bias, that they had to overcome. This rigourous study brings to the fore the precarious situations that many sans-papières face in France." -- Leslie Kealhopper * French Studies *

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Book SynopsisThis work examines how Indian and Vietnamese immigrants in the Dallas-Arlington-Fort Worth area of Texas learn and practice civic engagement.Trade Review"Civic Engagements is a well-written and analytically astute book that will interest scholars in a variety of fields dealing with immigration, race and ethnicity, and civic and political participation, as well as religion, cultural studies, gender, and the family."—Sofya Aptekar, Journal of American Studies"Overall, this is a well-written and well-organized book."—Helen B. Marrow, International Migration Review"Brettell and Reed-Danahay have written an insightful, inventive, and thought-provoking book. Exploring how immigrants to the US from Vietnam and India carve out places of civic engagement in the process of becoming American, their work reveals that immigrant incorporation into mainstream America begins in an unexpected place: the ethnic enclave. . . . Highly recommended."—R. A. Harper, CHOICE"Brettell and Reed-Danahay have written a thoughtful and enlightening book based on detailed ethnographic research in one of America's new immigrant gateways. Through wonderfully rich case studies and careful analysis, Civic Engagements provides important insights into how Vietnamese and Indian immigrants are learning to become American while also maintaining strong ethnic identities."—Nancy Foner, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York"Civic Engagements is a graceful comparative look at two 'new American' communities. This book illustrates a crucial point about citizenship—that it is not to be measured simply by attainment of legal status but by engagement with others in activities that demonstrate belonging."—Karen Isaksen Leonard, University of California, Irvine"Civic Engagements is an eye-opening study of how Indians and Vietnamese 'become American' in distinct ways while reinforcing a strong sense of their own ethnic identity. This is no zero-sum story of mainstream assimilation as a vanishing act of ethnicity, but of active involvement in the multiple centers that make up the civic sphere. Citizenship, as it emerges here, is not just about rights granted, but participatory actions taken by immigrants to establish a dual sense of belonging, in Dallas and in diaspora."—Rubén G. Rumbaut, University of California, Irvine; co-author of Immigrant America: A Portrait

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Book SynopsisRevised and expanded edition of the groundbreaking book which demystifies twenty-one of the most widespread myths and beliefs about immigrants and immigrations.Aviva Chomsky dismantles twenty-one of the most widespread and pernicious myths and beliefs about immigrants and immigration in this incisive book. They Take Our Jobs! challenges the underlying assumptions that fuel misinformed claims about immigrants, radically altering our notions of citizenship, discrimination, and US history. With fresh material including a new introduction, revised timeline, and updated terminology section, this expanded edition is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand how these myths are used to promote aggressive anti-immigrant policies.

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Book SynopsisIn the last decade, the South African state has been transformed dramatically, but the stubborn, menacing geography of apartheid still stands in the way of that country’s visions of change. Environmentally degraded old homelands still scar the rural geography of South Africa.FormerlyTrade Review“An excellent example of anti-racist and anti-sexist works with strong, practical policy implications for development.”

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Book SynopsisAddresses some of the most vexing and pressing issues of contemporary transnational migration - citizenship, cultural belonging, language, and family relationships - and highlights their affective dimensions. Using accounts gleaned through interviews, Ji-Yeon Jo situates migrant experiences within the historical context of each diaspora.

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Book SynopsisMIGRATION AND RACISM IN AOTEAROA NEW ZEALANDTrade Review'timely, passionate, highly readable and deeply challenging.' - Jane Buckingham, New Zealand Journal of History

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Book SynopsisThe topic of ''illegal'' immigration has been a major aspect of public discourse in the United States and many other immigrant-receiving countries. From the beginning of its modern invocation in the early twentieth century, the often ill-defined epithet of human ''illegality'' has figured prominently in the media; in vigorous public debates at the national, state, and local levels; and in presidential campaigns. In this collection of essays, contributors from a variety of disciplines - anthropology, law, political science, religious studies, and sociology - examine how immigration law shapes immigrant illegality, how the concept of immigrant illegality is deployed and lived, and how its power is wielded and resisted. The authors conclude that the current concept of immigrant illegality is in need of sustained critique, as careful analysis will aid policy discussions and lead to more just solutions.Trade Review"This is an important and timely book. An array of distinguished scholars from a variety of disciplines - inter alia, anthropology, psychology, and sociology, but also education, law, and religious studies - come together and perform the best a sharply focused and intelligent interdisciplinary dialogue can offer on the phenomena of ‘illegality’ in contemporary American immigration. The individual chapters - some eloquent but all indispensable - engage, with rigorous data and conceptual clarity, the empire of suffering created by our anachronistic and barbarian immigration system. It is a book every concerned citizen should read before opining on the decisive immigration challenge of our era." Marcelo M. Suárez-Orozco, Dean and Distinguished Professor, UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies"Owing to America’s dysfunctional immigration system, mass illegality has become the new norm for Latino immigrants in the United States. Not since the days of slavery have so many people lacked any rights in this country. In Constructing Illegality in America, Cecilia Menjívar and Daniel Kanstroom offer a definitive account of how misplaced US policies led to this lamentable state of affairs and the horrific costs it imposes on Latino immigrants and their families, as well as the responses undertaken by immigrants and natives to this untenable status quo, and possible pathways forward to a humane and practical resolution. It should be read by all Americans who care about the fate of civil and human rights in the United States." Douglas S. Massey, Henry G. Bryant Professor of Sociology and Public Affairs, Princeton University"More than eleven million people live in the United States with the constant fear of deportation, the lack of most civil and political rights, and a very uncertain future. How do they live? How does this affect their children? What are the consequences of this human rights disaster for our democracy? This book brings together the very best scholars from many disciplines to begin to answer these questions. Comprehensive in scope, rich in the analysis and description of the everyday lives of those defined as ‘illegal', this collection defines the field of immigrant illegality studies. It documents the human, legal, and civic costs of our broken immigration system and brings lives lived in the shadows out into the open. This groundbreaking book should be required reading for policy makers, students and scholars of immigration, and anyone who cares about the future of American society." Mary C. Waters, M. E. Zukerman Professor of Sociology, Harvard University"At the core of debates about immigration reform - and indeed about immigration and immigrants in the United States - is what it means to be without lawful immigration status. Constructing Illegality in America, edited by Cecilia Menjívar and Daniel Kanstroom, is a pathbreaking study of the role of law in the American immigration system, showing that the very idea of illegality is far more complex than is often appreciated. Menjívar and Kanstroom have brought together a superbly perceptive set of analyses by leading scholars from a rich variety of disciplinary perspectives. Just as importantly, Menjívar and Kanstroom have deftly assembled these individual contributions into a must-read volume of remarkable comprehensiveness and depth." Hiroshi Motomura, UCLA School of LawTable of Contents1. Introduction: 'immigrant illegality': constructions, critiques, resistance Cecilia Menjívar and Daniel Kanstroom; Part I. The Construction of 'Illegality': 2. Immigration 'reform' and the production of migrant 'illegality' Nicholas De Genova; 3. Coercive immigration enforcement and bureaucratic ideology Nestor Rodriguez and Cristian Paredes; 4. 'Illegality' across generations: public discourse and the children of undocumented immigrants Leo R. Chavez; 5. 'Illegality' and the US-Mexico border: how it is produced and resisted Josiah McC. Heyman; Part II. Complicating Lived Experiences of 'Illegality': 6. Latino immigrants' diverse experiences of 'illegality' Leisy Abrego; 7. Challenging the transition to new 'illegalities': undocumented young adults and the shifting boundaries of inclusion Roberto G. Gonzales, Luisa Laura Heredia and Genevieve Negrón-Gonzales; 8. The modern deportation regime and Mexican families: the indirect consequences for children in new destination communities Joanna Dreby; 9. From legal to 'illegal': the deportation of legal permanent residents from the United States Tanya Golash-Boza; Part III. Responses and Resistance: 10. Voice and power in the immigrant rights movement Walter J. Nicholls; 11. 'Illegality' and the spaces of sanctuary: belonging and homeland-making in urban community gardens Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo and Jose Miguel Ruiz; 12. Challenging laws: faith-based engagement with unauthorized immigration Marie Friedmann Marquardt, Susanna J. Snyder and Manuel A. Vásquez; 13. Shades of blue: local policing, legality, and immigration law Doris Marie Provine and Paul G. Lewis; Part IV. Policy the Future: 14. 'Illegal' people and the rule of law Donald Kerwin; 15. Developing a new mindset on immigration reform Bill Ong Hing.

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Book SynopsisOf the many issues polarizing societies today, immigration is one of the most contentious. In the United States, as in Europe, immigration was a defining issue in recent national elections. Immigration not only involves government policies but also the human rights of millions of people. American Presidents, Deportations, and Human Rights Violations studies how recent immigration policies in the United States developed during the Obama administration and are now being expanded in the first months of the Trump presidency. Documenting the harsh treatment of immigrants over the past twenty years, Bill Ong Hing shows how mass detention and deportation of immigrants, from Clinton''s two terms and the Bush administration, have escalated even higher. This book questions what price the United States is willing to pay for such harsh immigration policies in terms of our national values, and the impact on the lives of the millions of immigrants who deserve the full protection of universal human rTrade Review'In this tour de force, Bill Ong Hing critically analyzes the immigration records of American Presidents from Jimmy Carter to Donald Trump, with a particular focus on the harsh treatment of immigrants during the presidency of Barack Obama; often thought of as a friend of immigrants. With stories of the harsh treatment of the immigrants themselves, American Presidents, Deportations, and Human Rights Violations reveals the cruel realities of American immigration policy, which President Trump has taken to new and frightening heights.' Kevin R. Johnson, Dean, University of California, Davis School of Law'Through the lens of unaccompanied migrant children experiences, Bill Ong Hing unearths the infrastructure laid out by the previous six presidential administrations on which the Trump administration has built its enforcement policies. In lucid, engaging prose seeped with humanity, Ong Hing makes accessible a wealth of legal knowledge interspersed with vivid stories in the immigrants' own voices, in the process offering possibilities for action. The result is a powerful tour de force that should be of interest to anyone who cares about immigrants, law, and justice. Highly recommended!' Cecilia Menjívar, Dorothy Meier Endowed Chair, Department of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles'Bill Ong Hing's timely work assesses contemporary immigration enforcement policies within a rich historical framework. Lawyers and legal scholars will learn from Ong Hing's expert legal analysis, but his frank prose also ensures that this work will be accessible to scholars across disciplines and to policy makers interested in taking on the injustices of the current system.' Jennifer M. Chacón, Chancellor's Professor of Law, University of Califorania, Irvine School of Law'Remarkably knowledgeable about immigration history and on-the-ground practice, Bill Ong Hing lets no one off the hook – not Clinton, not Bush, not Obama, not Trump – for the trauma the US has imposed on immigrants and immigrant communities. Have the courage to read what Ong Hing writes, precisely because you'll feel as enraged as you are sad, perhaps because then we'll rise up to declare the status quo downright immoral, often illegal, and utterly unacceptable.' Gerald P. López, author of Rebellious Lawyering: One Chicano's Vision of Progressive Law Practice'A timely and invaluable contribution to our national discussion on immigration issues, American Presidents, Deportations, and Human Rights Violations should have as wide a readership as possible.' James A. Cox, Midwest Book Review'The book offers a moral urgency about the human rights violations embedded in U.S. immigration policies over the last 50 years. It will resonate within and beyond the academy: for lawyers, law students, political scientists, and policymakers. The book is accessible to college students and advocates.' Law and Politics Book Review (www.lpbr.net)Table of ContentsIntroduction – deportation champion: Part I. Clinton and Bush Lead the Way for Others: 1. Nightmarish ICE enforcement tools; Part II. Obama's Shame: 2. Deporting unaccompanied children; 3. Family detention centers: creation, conditions, and continued detention; 4. Country conditions: why women and children flee the Northern Triangle; 5. Challenges to obtaining relief – asylum, right to counsel, due process, and mental health considerations; Part III. Entering the Trump ICE Age: 6. Contextualizing the Trump immigration enforcement regime; Part IV. And the Winner Is …: 7. Closing – a new deportation king; Epilogue – disrupting the deportation royalty.

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Book SynopsisIn this ground-breaking work, Gerasimos Tsourapas examines how migration and political power are inextricably linked, and enhances our understanding of how authoritarian regimes rely on labour emigration across the Middle East and the Global South. Dr Tsourapas identifies how autocracies develop strategies to tie cross-border mobility to their own survival, highlighting domestic political struggles and the shifting regional and international landscape. In Egypt, the ruling elite has long shaped labour emigration policy in accordance with internal and external tactics aimed at regime survival. Dr Tsourapas draws on a wealth of previously-unavailable archival sources in Arabic and English, as well as extensive original interviews with Egyptian elites and policy-makers in order to produce a novel account of authoritarian politics in the Arab world. The book offersa new insight into the evolution and political rationale behind regime strategies towards migration, from Gamal Abdel Nasser''s 1952 Revolution to the 2011 Arab Uprisings.Trade Review'Labour immigration policies have been largely researched but not their counterpart emigration policies. In this book, Gerasimos Tsourapas fills this void, theorising and bringing out the political rationale of these policies over three articulations of Egyptian authoritarianism between the 1950s and 2011. Based on impressive primary and secondary sources, the book will be essential material for researchers in migration studies, Egyptian politics and politics of authoritarianism more generally.' Ibrahim Awad, The American University in Cairo'This is an important and insightful book that develops an original argument around the politics and the political economy of migration in modern Egypt. Gerasimos Tsourapas unravels with consummate skill the threads that bind the fate of Egyptian governments to the success or otherwise of Egypt's export of human capital over the course of the past sixty years. In a lucid and highly readable account he explores the ways in which this phenomenon has been a key factor in Egypt's regional as well as domestic political predicaments.' Charles Tripp, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'A unique book on how the most sedentary people on earth suddenly discovered exodus, and the world's oldest nation its citizens abroad. Tsourapas offers a major contribution to both the history of contemporary Egypt and the scientific study of international migration.' Philippe Fargues, European University Institute, Florence'A pioneer study theorizing across a spectrum of non-democratic regimes and perceptively tracing the relationships in Egypt (1952–2011) between different policies (de)regulating the emigration of workers and professionals and regime legitimation, the policy priority being political survival.' Clement M. Henry, University of Texas, Austin'The Politics of Migration in Modern Egypt makes a major contribution to the nascent literature on migration states beyond the Global North. Melding analytical insights from immigration and emigration, as well as diasporas and development, Tsourapas provides a framework for thinking about migration policy as a multidimensional set of strategic decisions. His study offers an invaluable benchmark, especially for comparisons to other authoritarian regimes.' Audie Klotz, Syracuse University, New YorkTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. 'Egyptians don't emigrate' – the domestic politics of migration restriction, 1952–1970; 3. Exporting the free officers' revolution – migration and external regime legitimacy under Nasser; 4. 'Our most precious asset' – the domestic politics of migration liberalisation, 1970–2011; 5. The rich hive invaded by foreign bees' – migration and external regime legitimacy under Sadat and Mubarak; 6. Egypt's road to the 'Arab spring'; 7. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisIrish emigration to America is one of the clichés of modern Irish history; much less familiar is the reverse process. Who were the people who chose to return to Ireland? What motivated them? How did this affect Irish society? While many European countries were somewhat Americanised in this period, the Irish case was unique as so many Irish families had members in America. The most powerful agency for Americanisation, therefore, was not popular culture but circumstantial knowledge and personal contact. David Fitzpatrick demonstrates the often unexpected ways in which the reverse effects of emigration remoulded Irish society, balancing original demographic research with fascinating individual profiles to assemble a vivid picture of a changing Ireland. He explores the transformative impact of reverse migration from America to post-Famine Ireland, and offers penetrating insights into its growing population of American-born residents.Trade Review'This splendid study is classic Fitzpatrick: a mixture of imaginative, and sometimes provocative, question-framing with rigorous hypothesis testing. Reverse migration is a topic rarely touched in Irish historical work; this will be recognised as a genuinely seminal work.' Donald H. Akenson, Queen's University, Ontario'Historians have assumed that the Irish returned from America in tiny numbers. In a book filled with brilliant insights and vivid details, Fitzpatrick demonstrates that reverse migration was considerable and had a significant impact. Drawing strikingly original conclusions from statistical sources, he offers a major new interpretation of Irish migration history.' Kevin Kenny, New York University'Statistically rich and based on a range of sources, this provocative study challenges how we currently perceive returned migrants and urges a new exploration of the field. Fitzpatrick provides the map and there is no doubt that this book will lead to further reinterpretations of the 'Americanisation' of Irish society.' Maria Luddy, University of Warwick'Challenging orthodoxies of Ireland as an insular sender of emigrants, Fitzpatrick's original study reverses priorities to explore those who came to Ireland. An original study of rich empirical quality, this book reframes our study of migratory cultures in post-Famine Ireland.' Donald M. MacRaild, University of Roehampton'A highly original study by one of Ireland's greatest historians. Making imaginative use of a rich body of archival sources and demographic data, this ground-breaking study of 'the returned Yank' raises important new questions about the relationship between migration and modernity.' Fearghal McGarry, Queen's University, Belfast'Fitzpatrick's methodology of collating statistics, alongside common sense deduction, paints this fascinating picture of America in Ireland.' David Doolin, Family & Community History'In the Americanization of Ireland the late Fitzpatrick (formerly, Trinity College Dublin) breaks new ground in the study of migration to and from Ireland … imaginative and rigorous … suggesting a new area of research for other scholars.' W. H. Mulligan Jr., Choice'Migration historians will have much to ponder as they delve into Fitzpatrick's data. It is as impressive as it is illustrative. But they will not be the only ones. Fitzpatrick has also unearthed an important set of issues that he has engaged in his previous work and that rising generations of scholars would be wise to revisit in light of his data-driven story of return migration.' Patrick Griffin, Journal of British StudiesTable of ContentsPrologue; Ireland's American question; 1. Beyond emigration; 2. Cosmopolitan Ireland, 1841–1911; 3. America on show, 1901–1911: profile; 4. America on show: people; 5. America on show: special cases; 6. Americans in Leitrim, 1901–1911: profile; 7. Americans in Leitrim: people; 8. Visitors from America, 1914–1925: profile; 9. Visitors from America: motives; 10. Visitors from America: faces; Epilogue; Questions unanswered.

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Book SynopsisVolume I reveals how human movement from 1400–1800 shaped the nature of human interactions before the age of modern globalization. An important contribution to the study of pre-industrial global migrations, this volume will interest specialists of migration and world history in the early modern world.Table of ContentsIntroduction Cátia Antunes and Eric Tagliacozzo; Part I. Slavery/Forced Migration: 1. Slavery, captivity and mobilities in the early modern Mediterranean Guillaume Calafat and Mathieu Grenet; 2. Africans on the move: the transatlantic slave trade Damian Alan Pargas; 3. Debt, bondage and indentured labour in land and maritime empires Alessandro Stanzani; Part II. Long Distance Trade: 4. Long-distance trade, the Pacific Paul D'Arcy; 5. Long-distance Japanese trade in the early modern era Adam Clulow; 6. Long-distance trade and migration in Central Asia, 1500-1850 Magnus Marsden; Part III. Short Distance Trade: 7. Maritime migrations of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea Gelina Harlaftis and Katerina Galani; 8. Mobility and migration around the Bay of Bengal David Ludden; 9. Early modern Japan: a state with limited migration Robert Hellyer; Part IV. Migration by Land: 10. Indigenous mobility in the lowlands of South America Cristina Pompa; 11. Chinese expansion in eighteenth-century central Eurasia Peter C. Perdue; 12. Persianate peregrinations: elite migration in Eurasia, from the eleventh to nineteenth centuries James Pickett; Part V. Migration by Sea: 13. Western European long-distance movements Erik Odegard; 14. Emigration, displacement, and forced migration in Indian Ocean Africa Jeremy Prestholdt; 15. Migration by Sea in the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf, 1700–1800 Seema Alavi; Part VI. Rural/Urban Migrations: 16. Urban migration and gender diversity in Eurasia, 1600–1800 Manon van der Heijden; 17. Urbanization and emigration in Coastal South China Steven Miles; 18. Migration in Colonial Latin America Roberta Stumpf; Part VII. Labour Migration: 19. The globality of the Local – (Im)Mobilizing labor regimes under early capitalism and European colonial expansion Matthias van Rossum; 20. Afro-India migrations and the Indianization of East Africa 5000 BCE to 1900 CE Nidhi Mahajan; 21. Labour migration in Sub-Saharan Africa Before 1800 Filipa Ribeiro da Silva; Part VIII. Settler Migration: 22. North America: migrations and settlement (c. 1600 – c. 1800) Bertrand Van Ruymbeke; 23. Turkish migrations in the Greater Turkic-Speaking World, 1450–1830 Suraiya Faroqhi; 24. Dynamics of mobility and settlement in Africa: the horn of Africa, 13th – 19th Centuries Deresse Ayenachew Woldetsadik; Part IX. Religious Migrations: 25. Early modern diasporas Natalia Muchnik; 26. Religious components of Southeast Asian migration Francis R. Bradley; 27. Migrant clerics going East and West José Pedro Paiva; Part X. Refugees: 28. Refugees in Europe and the Atlantic World Geert H. Janssen; 29. 'Mongol' and 'Manchu' and the great conquest enterprises of Eurasia, 1200–1800 Pamela Kyle Crossley; 30. Refugees in Africa (1490–1820) Rémi Dewière.

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Book SynopsisAn important and topical contribution to the field of Middle East studies, this innovative, provocative, and timely study tackles head-on the main assumptions of the foundation of Israel as a Jewish state. Theoretically sophisticated and empirically rich, Yaacov Yadgar provides a novel analysis of the interplay between Israeli nationalism and Jewish tradition, arriving at a fresh understanding of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict through its focus on internal questions about Israeli identity. By critiquing and transcending the current discourse on religion and politics in Israel, this study brings to an international audience debates within Israel that have been previously inaccessible to non-Hebrew speaking academics. Featuring discussions on Israeli jurisprudence, nation-state law, and rabbinic courts, Israel''s Jewish Identity Crisis will have far-reaching implications, not only within the state of Israel but on politics, society and culture beyond its borders.Trade Review'Readers interested in untangling the many arguments swirling through Israel today may find this addition to Cambridge's 'The Global Middle East' series of interest.' G. M. Massey, Choice'To the large library devoted to modern Jewish-Israeli identity Yaacov Yadgar's newest book is, despite its relative slimness, a weighty addition. As its aim is to expose the root causes of the spiritual crisis Yadgar sees engulfing public life in Israel, the book is indeed innovatively 'radical' in its analytical attitude and breadth of discussion.' Israel Studies Review'… a robust analysis of the politics of identity in Israel, one that connects seemingly abstract and technical theological arguments with contemporary political and social issues within the frame-work of post-secularism.' Glen Rangwala, Journal of Modern Jewish StudiesTable of ContentsPreface; Introduction. Israel's Jewish identity crisis; 1. The politics of religious conversion and the limits of Zionist nationhood; 2. Israel as the nation-state of the Jewish people?; 3. Two contemporary debates on Zionism and secularism; 4. Non-Jewish Israeli nationalism and the limits of Israeliness.

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Book SynopsisDuring the last decade, indigenous youth from Northeast India have migrated in large numbers to the main cities of metropolitan India to find work and study. This migration is facilitated by new work opportunities in the hospitality sector, mainly as service personnel in luxury hotels, shopping malls, restaurants and airlines. Prolonged armed conflicts, militarization, a stagnant economy, corrupt and ineffective governance structures, and the harsh conditions of subsistence agriculture in their home villages or small towns impel the youth to seek future prospects outside their home region. English language skills, a general cosmopolitan outlook as well as a non-Indian physical appearance have proven to be key assets in securing work within the new hospitality industry. Leaving the Land traces the migratory journeys of these youths and engage with their new lives in cities like Bangalore, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Thiruvananthapuram.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements; Introduction; 1. Wayfinding; 2. Light skin and soft skills; 3. Departures and returns; 4. Interlude; 5. Dreams and desserts; 6. Talking about method; Conclusion; Afterword; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisDo states have a duty to assimilate refugees to their own citizens? Are refugees entitled to freedom of movement, to be allowed to work, to have access to public welfare programs, or to be reunited with family members? Indeed, is there even a duty to admit refugees at all? This fundamentally rewritten second edition of the award-winning treatise presents the only comprehensive analysis of the human rights of refugees set by the UN Refugee Convention and international human rights law. It follows the refugee''s journey from flight to solution, examining every rights issue both historically and by reference to the decisions of senior courts from around the world. Nor is this a purely doctrinal book: Hathaway''s incisive legal analysis is tested against and applied to hundreds of protection challenges around the world, ensuring the relevance of this book''s analysis to responding to the hard facts of refugee life on the ground.Trade ReviewPraise for the First Edition: '… painstakingly researched, cogently argued, and beautifully written … An instant classic on the topic of refugee rights.' Penelope Mathew, American Journal of International LawPraise for the First Edition: '… the authoritative comprehensive commentary of the Convention. As usual, the strength of Hathaway's approach lies in the precision of his legal analysis.' Catherine Phuong, Human Rights Law ReviewPraise for the First Edition: 'If there is one book in the area of international refugee law of which it can be properly said that it is indispensable for everybody, working either in practice or academically with international refugee law, it is this new book by Hathaway … It will remain for a long time the fundamental opus of international refugee law.' Kay Hailbronner, International Journal of Refugee Law'… impressive and well-researched … For those interested in the rights of refugees under international law, it would be surprising if there were any authors who had given this topic more detailed consideration than Professor Hathaway.' Paul Keeley, Law Society GazetteTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. The evolution of the refugee rights regime; 2. An interactive approach to interpreting refugee rights; 3. The structure of entitlement under the refugee convention; 4. Rights of refugees physically present; 5. Rights of refugees lawfully or habitually present; 6. Rights of refugees lawfully staying; 7. Rights of solution; Appendices; Select bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisAn important and topical contribution to the field of Middle East studies, this innovative, provocative, and timely study tackles head-on the main assumptions of the foundation of Israel as a Jewish state. Theoretically sophisticated and empirically rich, Yaacov Yadgar provides a novel analysis of the interplay between Israeli nationalism and Jewish tradition, arriving at a fresh understanding of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict through its focus on internal questions about Israeli identity. By critiquing and transcending the current discourse on religion and politics in Israel, this study brings to an international audience debates within Israel that have been previously inaccessible to non-Hebrew speaking academics. Featuring discussions on Israeli jurisprudence, nation-state law, and rabbinic courts, Israel''s Jewish Identity Crisis will have far-reaching implications, not only within the state of Israel but on politics, society and culture beyond its borders.Trade Review'Readers interested in untangling the many arguments swirling through Israel today may find this addition to Cambridge's 'The Global Middle East' series of interest.' G. M. Massey, Choice'To the large library devoted to modern Jewish-Israeli identity Yaacov Yadgar's newest book is, despite its relative slimness, a weighty addition. As its aim is to expose the root causes of the spiritual crisis Yadgar sees engulfing public life in Israel, the book is indeed innovatively 'radical' in its analytical attitude and breadth of discussion.' Israel Studies Review'… a robust analysis of the politics of identity in Israel, one that connects seemingly abstract and technical theological arguments with contemporary political and social issues within the frame-work of post-secularism.' Glen Rangwala, Journal of Modern Jewish StudiesTable of ContentsPreface; Introduction. Israel's Jewish identity crisis; 1. The politics of religious conversion and the limits of Zionist nationhood; 2. Israel as the nation-state of the Jewish people?; 3. Two contemporary debates on Zionism and secularism; 4. Non-Jewish Israeli nationalism and the limits of Israeliness.

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Book SynopsisDo migrants lead to an increase of crime rates in their host societies? This highly contentious issue has become a mainstay in the political debate and a lightning rod for the galvanization of populist movements, despite often lacking any empirical support. In this game-changing book, the authors examine what the existing data actually says, and provide their own novel evidence on the immigration-crime connection. Taking the unusual approach of analysing the subject from an economic perspective, the authors build on the pioneering work of Nobel Prize winner Gary Becker to construct their innovative arguments. By considering evidence from different countries, with a focus on establishing causal relationships, the authors are able to analyse not only if migrants do cause crime but also whether migration policies can play a role in shaping incentives for migrants to engage in crime. This book will appeal to students and academics across the social sciences, as well as citizens interested Trade Review'This excellent book pushes the research frontier by insisting on careful attention to the multiple policy levers available to countries when setting (and enforcing) immigration policy. Despite widely-held concerns of many citizens that immigrants drive crime rates up, in countries with long histories of substantial inflows of immigrants or where immigrants are legally allowed to work in the formal labor market, crime rates have not risen and, in some cases, have fallen. The broad implication that economic, policy, and cultural context can drive crime impacts makes this essential reading for everyone charged with developing immigration policy positions.' Anne Piehl, Director of the Program in Criminal Justice, Rutgers University'… the question of immigrant criminality as a component of overall immigrant value is salient, and this work contributes to the search for an answer, albeit in an extremely scholarly manner.' R. F. Zeidel, ChoiceTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. Immigration and crime: perceptions and reality; 2. Migration policy and crime in Italy; 3. Immigration and crime in the United Kingdom; 4. The case of the United States; 5. Refugee waves and crime: evidence from EU countries; Conclusion; Appendices; References.

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Book SynopsisMigrants cuts through the toxic debates to tell the rich and collective stories of humankind's urge to move. 'Fascinating... Miller's perspective may be just what we need' Daily Telegraph 'Timely and empathetic: a rare combination on this most controversial issue' Remi Adekoya, author of Biracial Britain 'Tremendous: blends the personal and the panoramic to great effect' Robert Winder, author of Bloody Foreigners Humans are, in fundamental ways, a migratory species, more so than any other land mammal. For most of our existence , we were all nomads, and some of us still are. Houses and permanent settlements are a relatively late development - dating back little more than twelve thousand years. Borders and passports are much more recent. From the Neanderthals, Alexander the Great, Christopher Columbus and Pocahontas to the African slave trade, Fu Manchu, and BaTrade ReviewTimely and empathetic: a rare combination on this most controversial issue * Remi Adekoya, author of Biracial Britain *Tremendous: blends the personal and the panoramic to great effect, reminding us - in narrating epic migration stories from Aeneas to the Windrush - that the human urge to move about in search of a better life is as old and natural as time itself * Robert Winder, author of Bloody Foreigners: The Story of Immigration to Britain *Fascinating... Miller's perspective may be just what we need * Daily Telegraph *Enjoyable, provocative and timely * Spectator *Migrants is an important contribution to the topic of human migration... thoughtful... Miller's book offers a whole new way of seeing the world * Financial Times *

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Book Synopsis"Outback noir has a new star" The Times"Highly recommended" Irish IndependentBurnt-out from policework, Detective Sergeant George Manolis flies from Australia to Greece for a holiday. Recently divorced and mourning the death of his father, who emigrated from the turbulent Prespes region which straddles the borders of Greece, Albania and North Macedonia, Manolis hopes to reconnect with his roots and heritage."A brilliant new name in Australian crime" Weekend AustralianOn arrival, Manolis learns of the disappearance of an 'invisible' - a local man who lives without a scrap of paperwork. The police and some locals believe the man's disappearance was pre-planned, while others suspect foul play. Reluctantly, Manolis agrees to work undercover to find the invisible, and must navigate the complicated relationships of a tiny village where grudges run deep."Papathanasiou writes unsparingly, confidently, and compellingly" The Quietus It soon becomes clear to Manolis that he may never locate a man who, for all intents and purposes, doesn't exist. And with the clock ticking, the ghosts of the past continue to haunt the events of today as Manolis's investigation leads him to uncover a dark and long-forgotten practice."Detective Sergeant George Manolis is a great new addition to the Australian crime scene" EMMA VISKIC, award-winning author of the Caleb Zelic crime seriesTrade ReviewLike The Stoning, the new book shows [Papathanasiou's] ability to combine suspense, politics and lyrical descriptive writing -- Joan Smith * The Sunday Times *This second Manolis thriller is a wonderful evocation of a little-known part of Europe with spectacular scenery and dangerous wildlife, not to mention equally dangerous Balkan criminals on the loose. Highly recommended. -- Myles McWeeney * Irish Independent *Detective Sergeant George Manolis is a great new addition to the Australian crime scene -- Emma Viskic * award-winning author of the Caleb Zelic crime series *A brilliant new name in Australian crime -- Cheryl Akle * Weekend Australian *Papathanasiou writes unsparingly, confidently, and compellingly. * The Quietus *Political crime fiction of the highest order -- Joan Smith * Sunday Times *The author effortlessly transports his reader to Southern Europe's borderlands, where a tragic past haunts the villages and towns, fuelling the mystery at the heart of the novel. This is first-rate crime fiction. -- Andrew Pippos * author of LUCKY'S, shortlisted for the 2021 Miles Franklin Award *Marvellous . . . Exciting . . . A great read -- Mark Sanderson * The Times *The Invisible continues an assured, propulsive and atmospheric new series that crime fiction fans will devour -- Sydney Morning Herald * Cameron Woodhead *This story of a difficult investigation is an unusual and interesting contribution to the genre. -- Natasha Cooper * Literary Review *A wonderful evocation of life in the region with spectacular scenery and fearsome wildlife and equally dangerous criminals. Highly recommended. -- Miles McWeeney * Irish Independent Gift Guide *This second novel is very different from the first, a difference that reflects the range of Papathanasiou's talents. The narrative contains some lovely descriptive writing that evokes the beauty of this remote landscape. Students of ethnography are particularly likely to enjoy the setting, since it is at the junction of three cultures and three distinct histories that all feed into the development of the story -- Alison Booth * Canberra Times *It's a fascinating and entirely effective replacement for the desert hellscape setting of Papathanasiou's debut, The Stoning, and he peoples the rugged landscape with plausible characters who each have their own reasons for preferring a life lived on the fringes of 21st-century society -- Angus Batey * The Quietus *While the tone is very different to The Stoning, The Invisible is every bit as enjoyable and Papathanasiou is displaying his diverse talents early on in his career as a novelist -- Anne Cunningham * Meath Chronicle *Papathanasiou adds considerably to the crime literature defined as Australian. He has his own individuality and represents a successful amalgam of Greek and Australian literature. The writing is vivid and atmospheric. The characters are superbly drawn. Papathanasiou doesn't pull any punches as he takes a clear-eyed look at hypocrisies old and new -- Ian Lipke * Queensland Reviewers Collective *Gripping -- Lisa Howells * Crime Monthly *Sumptuously written -- Readings Monthly * Julia Jackson *It has a lot more richness and meaning than your standard thriller. And the reader is seriously enlightened. It will stay with you -- Peter Donoughue * Booknotes *A reflective story with solid characterisation. The pacing is gentle, but this perfectly evokes the setting and way of life. A socially and politically aware novel -- Jane Hunt * Waterstones *An intriguing and tense thriller with a strong sense of place and well-drawn characters -- Jeff Popple * Canberra Weekly *A true pageturner, with a highly satisfying ending -- A.N. Wilson * Tablet *

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Book SynopsisThis book reviews research on the past, present and future of citizenship. Chapter One provides an empirical exploration of citizenship acquisition by region and nation. Chapter Two focuses on citizenship, migration and national sovereignty in Europe. Chapter Three examines innovative educational programs and practices to successfully implement the right to education and integrate culturally-diverse students. Chapter Four analyses civic identity profiling in Hong Kong and Taiwan.

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Book Synopsis"The book and its chapters have been updated in view of the new land acquisitin law and resettlement guidelines..." -- Back cover

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Book SynopsisA very first for Bangladesh, this edited book examines the complex issues of development-induced displacement and resettlement using case studies with good practice examples from a wide range of ongoing projects. The authors, who are largely practitioners in the field of resettlement studies, are well-known in the country and internationally for their expert knowledge. The book establishes a baseline for further research on resettlement and development in Bangladesh. It is rich in well-presented case studies replete with evidence-based strategies to help prevent impoverishment amongst those displaced by development projects. The chapters in this collection address emerging issues and approaches to resettlement and thus have enriched the literature in an era of rapid economic development and change. Thus, the book will remain as a valuable resource and reference or teaching aid in academic and development circles.

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Book SynopsisImmigration and Migration: Trends, Management and Challenges explores the governance of immigrant religious groups. More specifically, the opening paper uses Foucault''s concept of governmentality as an analytical framework to frame a qualitative case study of Ghanaian and Somali immigrants in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The authors go on to analyze gender differences in labor conditions and health, such as access to paid work and health services, disparities in salaries and work sectors and comparative morbidity patterns between male and female immigrants. Next, a mobile-assisted language learning framework (using a language application and a tablet) was developed to assist low-level English migrant women to acquire, expand and enrich their English vocabulary. This was achieved through a research project with 15 migrant women who were grouped into three case studies, where each experienced different learning environments. The final chapter describes the specific migratory phenomenon of children who migrate alone, making a comparison among European areas. Focus is placed on the Italian context (given that Italy is often the country where migrants first arrive) and the US context in order to understand the connection to the broader landscape of globalization.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation opens with a study that seeks to understand the ways in which various parent involvement behaviors impact Hmong elementary students' academic abilities in reading and math, also investigating whether or not Hmong students' English proficiency moderates these relationships. The subsequent study focuses on the interrelation between family factors, child-rearing conditions, parents' mindset and formation of civic and ethnic identity of teenagers in mono-ethnic and interethnic families of migrants. The authors go on to present the systemic and cultural stressors voiced specifically by Mexican-American youth, providing implications for community-based participatory research, intervention work, and advocacy. Following this, they assess the outcomes of a school intervention program aimed at improving interethnic relations among primary school children in Italy through foreign language learning activities. The academic achievements and educational trajectories of the children of immigrants in Austria are examined. In particular, the experiences of second- and third-generation pupils may provide a clearer indication of the long-term prospects for integration than those of first-generation immigrants. In closing, Immigrant and Migrant Children: Current Issues and Challenges reviews the current literature about the harmful implications of arrest, detention, and deportation on undocumented children's mental health, discussing the underlying factors of the harmful consequences.Table of ContentsPreface; Hmong American Childrens Perceptions of Parents Involvement in Their Education; Family Factors of Russian Civic Identity Formation among Migrant Children; Systemic and Cultural Stressors among Mexican American Youth: Immigration, Inequality, and Acculturation; Reducing Ethnic Prejudice through Inclusive Language Learning Practices: A Research and Intervention on Children, Parents and Teachers; Immigration and Social Inequality: Explaining Differences in Educational Trajectories for Ethnic Minority Youths in Austria; Children behind Bars: The Harmful Impact of Arrest, Detention and Deportation on Undocumented Childrens Mental Health; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) processes to identify, collect, document, and share information about family members apprehended at the southwest border are fragmented. DHS's U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) apprehends family members and determines how information about each individual -- and his or her relationship to other family members -- will be collected and documented. Other DHS components, such as U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), use information collected at the time of apprehension to inform how those who are members of a family, including children, will proceed through immigration proceedings. Family members apprehended at the border and placed into expedited removal that indicate an intention to apply for asylum, or a fear of persecution or torture or fear of return to their home country, are referred to DHS's U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) for a credible fear screening. This book discusses key issues related to our southwest border.Table of ContentsPreface; Southwest Border: Actions Needed to Address Fragmentation in DHSs Processes for Apprehended Family Members; Southwest Border: Actions Needed to Improve DHS Processing of Families and Coordination between DHS and HHS; Military Funding for Southwest Border Barriers; Boots at the Border: Examining the National Guard Deployment to the Southwest Border; National Drug Control Strategy: Southwest Border Counternarcotics Strategy 2020 (Office of National Drug Control Policy); Index.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation delves into the attitudes of teachers in the Greek educational system concerning their cooperation with the parents of newcomers through a questionnaire employed as a quantitative tool and results analyzed through a statistical analysis. In one study, the authors examine DREAMers'' motivations for attending college and for persisting throughout the college application process. Particular attention is paid to their parents'' influence during this process. Practices that teachers can use for promoting immigrant students'' social relationships and participation are described using research took place in North-Finland and included immigrant students from a variety of countries. The closing study examines acculturation, a process resulting in the imprinting of the host culture on the non-native culture.

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Book SynopsisThe Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) authorizes and in some cases requires the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to detain non-U.S. nationals (aliens) arrested for immigration violations that render them removable from the United States. An alien may be subject to detention pending an administrative determination as to whether the alien should be removed, and, if subject to a final order of removal, pending efforts to secure the alien's removal from the United States. The immigration detention scheme is multifaceted, with different rules that turn on several factors, such as whether the alien is seeking admission into the United States or has been lawfully admitted into the country; whether the alien has engaged in certain proscribed conduct; and whether the alien has been issued a final order of removal. In many instances DHS maintains discretion to release an alien from custody. But in some instances, such as when an alien has committed specified crimes, the governing statutes have been understood to allow release from detention only in limited circumstances. This book focuses on current topics concerning immigration detention and enforcement.Table of ContentsPreface; Immigration Detention: A Legal Overview; The Law of Immigration Detention: A Brief Introduction; Is Mandatory Detention of Unlawful Entrants Seeking Asylum Constitutional; Immigration Detainers: Background and Recent Legal Developments; Nielsen v. Preap: High Court Clarifies Application of Immigration Detention Statute to Criminal Aliens; Immigration Detention: ICE Should Enhance Its Use of Facility Oversight Data and Management of Detainee Complaints; Immigration Detention: Actions Needed to Improve Planning, Documentation, and Oversight of Detention Facility Contracts; Immigration Enforcement: Arrests, Detentions, and Removals, and Issues Related to Selected Populations; COVID-19s Effect on Interior Immigration Enforcement and Detention; Index.

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Book SynopsisPolitics of Immigration - Current Issues & Future Directions

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the history of the Ukrainian settlement in Australia and associated subjects, such as the role of the Diaspora in maintaining Ukrainian identity, and an analysis of various aspects of Ukrainian literature and culture, both synchronic and diachronic. The conference at which the papers in this volume were presented was one of the many manifestations of a wish by Ukrainian scholars and community members alike, to mark the fiftieth anniversary of Ukrainian settlement in Australia.

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Book SynopsisFrance has taken its own course for centuries and it continues to do so. Its immigration policies have now led to very widespread and very public burnings of automobiles and rioting. Its millions of Arab citizens with their high birth rates, high unemployment rates, and high frustration levels have reached the level of ignition. Can France put this situation back into the bottle or can it change its policies in time to prevent a constant level of civil unrest? This book examines those policies themselves as well as France''s foreign policies which are intertwined with the problems.

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Book SynopsisProvides a much needed theoretical account of socio-cultural and identity issues surrounding middle-class Chinese migration in the changing context of migration policies and issues in Australia and other places. It also offers insights to students studying the current changing face of Chinese migration and provides relevant data to policy-makers, managers and practitioners in the field of immigration and multicultural affairs. This is a cutting edge volume that advances theories, methodologies and policy issues relating to contemporary middle-class Chinese migrants. It reports and discusses multidisciplinary research undertaken in Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The book will not only serve as an introductory textbook for students of migration studies, social sciences and China studies, but also as a reference source for those who are interested in learning about recent Chinese migration in Asia and the Pacific.

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Book SynopsisOne of the hottest topics in America is the burning issue of immigration. On the one hand, immigration is what has kept America growing and prospering. On the other hand, the demographics are politically sensitive, the emotions high and sometimes mean-spirited, and some state government services in as bad shape as America''s bridges. This book presents important issues on this nontrivial issue

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Book SynopsisCongress has repeatedly shown interest in examining and expanding the barriers being deployed along the U.S. international land border. The 109th Congress passed a number of laws affecting these barriers, and oversight of these laws and of the construction process may be of interest to the 110th Congress. The United States Border Patrol (USBP) deploys fencing, which aims to impede the illegal entry of individuals, and vehicle barriers, which aim to impede the illegal entry of vehicles (but not individuals) along the border. The USBP first began erecting barriers in 1990 to deter illegal entries and drug smuggling in its San Diego sector. The ensuing 14 mile-long San Diego "primary fence" formed part of the USBP''s "Prevention Through Deterrence" strategy, which called for reducing unauthorised migration by placing agents and resources directly on the border along population centres in order to deter would-be migrants from entering the country. In 1996, Congress passed the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act which, among other things, explicitly gave the Attorney General (now the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security) broad authority to construct barriers along the border and authorised the construction of a secondary layer of fencing to buttress the completed 14 mile primary fence. Construction of the secondary fence stalled due to environmental concerns raised by the California Coastal Commission. In 2005, Congress passed the REAL ID Act that authorised the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to waive all legal requirements in order to expedite the construction of border barriers. DHS has announced it will use this waiver authority to complete the San Diego fence. The Secure Fence Act of 2006 directed DHS to construct 850 miles of additional border fencing. This requirement was subsequently modified by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (P.L. 110-161), which was enacted into law on December 26, 2007. The act requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to construct fencing along not less than 700 miles of the south-west border. While the San Diego fence, combined with an increase in agents and other resources in the USBP''s San Diego sector, has proven effective in reducing the number of apprehensions made in that sector, there is considerable evidence that the flow of illegal immigration has adapted to this enforcement posture and has shifted to the more remote areas of the Arizona desert. Nationally, the USBP made 1.2 million apprehensions in 1992 and again in 2004, suggesting that the increased enforcement in San Diego sector has had little impact on overall apprehensions. In addition to border fencing, the USBP deploys both permanent and temporary vehicle barriers to the border. Temporary vehicle barriers are typically chained together and can be moved to different locations at the USBP''s discretion. Permanent vehicle barriers are embedded in the ground and are meant to remain in one location. A number of policy issues concerning border barriers generally and fencing specifically may be of interest to Congress, including, but not limited, to their effectiveness, costs versus benefits, location, design, environmental impact, potential diplomatic ramifications, and the costs of acquiring the land needed for construction.

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Book SynopsisThis book encompasses a host of issues of human mobility that has been taking place since the time immemorial. Livelihoods one upon a time would lead humans to certain directions, and at some point of history colonialism gave a different shape of human mobility over the globe. Then after, economic consideration came to the fore as primary driver for such mobility. Global economy and global politics created over the last centuries competitions over land, over water, over oil, over influence, over dominance, and power. This book comprises broadly three areas of refugee studies: the drivers; their rights and humanitarianism; trafficking and response of different policies.

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