Microbiology (non-medical) Books

Book SynopsisStudents get more out of their microbiology lab experience because the manual has thorough introductions that emphasize important concepts and applications---written in a uniquely-engaging authorial voice---and is accompanied by an unparalleled visual program.

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Book SynopsisHomo sapiens rank among the most parasitized of all animals. In part this is because we know so much about all aspects of the biology of our species, but in addition, our varied habitat and diet and our global distribution exposes us to more infections than any other species. Whereas some familiar parasitic infections are responsible for much human disease and suffering, the great majority are rare or obscure forms ignored by all but the most comprehensive texts. The Parasites of Homo sapiens: An Annotated checklist of the Protozoa, Helminths and Arthropods for Which We Are Home, 2nd Edition presents a comprehensive listing of them all. Closely following the pattern of the first edition, this new edition incorporates a wealth of further information and data from the most recently published research findings. An indispensable guide for all parasitologists, it presents a comprehensive checklist of all animals naturally parasitic in or on the human body. Each parasite listed includes a coTable of ContentsProtozoa. Trematoda. Cestoda. Nematoda. Acanthocephala. Arthropoda. Exclusions. Summary. References.

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Book SynopsisLarry Mays' Hydrology is a comprehensive text stressing fundamentals of hydrologic process for both surface water hydrology and groundwater hydrology. The text makes use of internet resources, such as free modeling tools, to help solve more complicated and real-world problems more quickly, and motivate interest in the topics.Table of ContentsAbout the Author v Preface vii Chapter 1 Hydrology, Climate Change, and Sustainability 1 1.1 Introduction to Hydrologic Processes 1 1.1.1 What is Hydrology? 1 1.1.2 Why Study Hydrology? 1 1.1.3 The Hydrologic Cycle 3 1.1.4 Hydrologic Systems 4 1.1.5 Surface Water in the Hydrologic Cycle 5 1.1.6 Groundwater in the Hydrologic Cycle 5 1.1.7 Control Volume Approach for Hydrologic Processes 7 1.2 Climate Change Effects and the Hydrologic Cycle 8 1.2.1 The Climate System 8 1.2.2 What is Climate Change? 10 1.2.3 Climate Change Prediction 11 1.2.4 Hydrologic Effects of Climate Change 12 1.3 Anthropogenic Effects on the Hydrologic Cycle 16 1.3.1 Urbanization 16 1.3.2 Land and Water Management Effects on the Hydrologic Cycle 17 1.4 Water Resources Sustainability 18 1.5 Hydrologic Budgets 19 1.6 Hydrologic Data and Publication Sources 21 1.7 U.S. Geological Survey Publications 22 Problems 25 References 25 Chapter 2 Occurrence of Groundwater 27 2.1 Origin of Groundwater 27 2.2 Rock Properties Affecting Groundwater 27 2.2.1 Aquifers 27 2.2.2 Porosity 28 2.2.3 Soil Classification 31 2.2.4 Porosity and Representative Elementary Volume 33 2.2.5 Specific Surface 33 2.3 Vertical Distribution of Groundwater 36 2.4 Zone of Aeration 37 2.4.1 Soil Water Zone 37 2.4.2 Intermediate Vadose Zone 38 2.4.3 Capillary Zone 38 2.4.4 Measurement of Water Content 40 2.4.5 Available Water 40 2.5 Zone of Saturation 41 2.5.1 Specific Retention 41 2.5.2 Specific Yield 41 2.6 Geologic Formations as Aquifers 42 2.6.1 Alluvial Deposits 43 2.6.2 Limestone 43 2.6.3 Volcanic Rock 44 2.6.4 Sandstone 46 2.6.5 Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks 46 2.6.6 Clay 46 2.7 Types of Aquifers 46 2.7.1 Unconfined Aquifer 46 2.7.2 Confined Aquifers 46 2.7.3 Leaky Aquifer 48 2.7.4 Idealized Aquifer 48 2.8 Storage Coefficient 48 2.9 Groundwater Basins/Regional Groundwater Flow Systems 50 2.9.1 High Plains Aquifer 52 2.9.2 Gulf Coastal Plain Aquifer System 54 2.10 Springs 54 2.10.1 What Are Springs? 54 2.10.2 Edwards Aquifer—Discharge of Springs 61 2.11 Groundwater in the United States 63 Problems 70 References 71 Chapter 3 Groundwater Movement 75 3.1 Darcy’s Law 75 3.1.1 Experimental Verification 75 3.1.2 Darcy Velocity 78 3.1.3 Validity of Darcy’s Law 78 3.2 Permeability 79 3.2.1 Intrinsic Permeability 79 3.2.2 Hydraulic Conductivity 80 3.2.3 Transmissivity 80 3.2.4 Hydraulic Conductivity of Geologic Materials 81 3.3 Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity 82 3.3.1 Formulas 82 3.3.2 Laboratory Methods 83 3.3.3 Tracer Tests 85 3.3.4 Auger Hole Tests 87 3.3.5 Pumping Tests of Wells 88 3.4 Anisotropic Aquifers 89 3.5 Groundwater Flow Rates 91 3.6 General Flow Equations 93 3.7 Unsaturated Flow 95 3.7.1 Flow Through Unsaturated Soils 96 3.7.2 Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity 99 3.7.3 Vertical and Horizontal Flows 103 Problems 104 References 105 Chapter 4 Groundwater and Well Hydraulics 109 4.1 Steady Unidirectional Flow 109 4.1.1 Confined Aquifer 109 4.1.2 Unconfined Aquifer 110 4.1.3 Base Flow to a Stream 112 4.2 Steady Radial Flow to a Well 115 4.2.1 Confined Aquifer 115 4.2.2 Unconfined Aquifer 120 4.2.3 Unconfined Aquifer with Uniform Recharge 122 4.3 Well in a Uniform Flow 124 4.4 Unsteady Radial Flow in a Confined Aquifer 126 4.4.1 Nonequilibrium Well Pumping Equation 126 4.4.2 Theis Method of Solution 127 4.4.3 Cooper–Jacob Method of Solution 129 4.4.4 Chow Method of Solution 132 4.4.5 Recovery Test 132 4.5 Unsteady Radial Flow in an Unconfined Aquifer 135 4.6 Unsteady Radial Flow in a Leaky Aquifer 140 4.7 Well Flow Near Aquifer Boundaries 143 4.7.1 Well Flow Near a Stream 143 4.7.2 Well Flow Near an Impermeable Boundary 148 4.7.3 Well Flow Near Other Boundaries 151 4.7.4 Location of Aquifer Boundary 153 4.8 Multiple Well Systems 154 4.9 Partially Penetrating Wells 158 4.10 Well Flow for Special Conditions 160 4.11 Slug Tests 161 4.11.1 Definition 161 4.11.2 Design Guidelines 161 4.11.3 Performance of Slug Tests 162 4.11.4 Methods for Analyzing Slug-Test Data 164 4.12 Slug Tests for Confined Formations 166 4.12.1 Cooper, Bredehoeft, and Papadopulos Method 166 4.12.2 Hvorslev Method 170 4.13 Slug Tests for Unconfined Formations 172 4.13.1 Bouwer and Rice Method 173 4.13.2 Dagan Method 179 Problems 182 References 189 Chapter 5 Artificial Recharge, Stormwater Infiltration, and Saltwater Intrusion Prevention 193 5.1 Artificial Recharge 193 5.1.1 Recharge Systems 193 5.1.2 Recharge Mounds 195 5.2 Stormwater Infiltration Basin Mound Development 203 5.2.1 Potential Flow Model for a Trench 204 5.2.2 Potential Flow Model for Circular Basin 205 5.2.3 Mound Growth 208 5.2.4 Mound Recession 209 5.3 Saline Water Intrusion in Aquifers 210 5.3.1 Occurrence of Saline Water Intrusion 210 5.3.2 Ghyben–Herzberg Relation Between Freshwater and Saline Water 211 5.3.3 Shape of the Freshwater–Saltwater Interface 213 5.3.4 Structure of the Freshwater–Saltwater Interface 216 5.3.5 Effect of Wells on Seawater Intrusion 219 5.3.6 Upconing of Saline Water 221 5.3.7 Control of Saline Water Intrusion 225 Problems 227 References 228 Chapter 6 Groundwater Flow Modeling 231 6.1 Introduction 231 6.1.1 Why Develop Groundwater Models? 231 6.1.2 Types of Groundwater Models 232 6.1.3 Steps in the Development of a Groundwater Model 232 6.2 Three-Dimensional Groundwater Flow Model 233 6.2.1 Derivation of Finite Difference Equations 233 6.2.2 Simulation of Boundaries 239 6.2.3 Vertical Discretization 239 6.2.4 Hydraulic Conductance Equations 240 6.3 MODFLOW-2005 Description 243 6.3.1 Model Introduction 243 6.3.2 Space and Time Discretization 245 6.3.3 External Sources and Stresses 246 6.3.4 Hydraulic Conductance—Layer-Property Flow (LPF) Package 248 6.3.5 Solver Packages 251 6.3.6 Telescopic Mesh Refinement 252 6.4 Case Study: Using MODFLOW: Lake Five-O, Florida 256 6.4.1 Finite Difference Grid and Boundary Conditions 256 6.4.2 Model Calibration and Sensitivity Analysis 256 6.4.3 Model Results 260 6.5 Example Applications and Input of MODFLOW 261 Problems 270 References 271 Chapter 7 Hydrologic Processes 273 7.1 Introduction to Surface Water Hydrology 273 7.1.1 What is Surface Water Hydrology? 273 7.1.2 The Hydrologic Cycle 273 7.1.3 Hydrologic Systems 273 7.1.4 Atmospheric and Ocean Circulation 278 7.1.5 Hydrologic Budget 280 7.2 Precipitation (Rainfall) 281 7.2.1 Precipitation Formation and Types 281 7.2.2 Rainfall Variability 282 7.2.3 Disposal of Rainfall on a Watershed 283 7.2.4 Design Storms 286 7.2.5 Estimated Limiting Storms 301 7.3 Evaporation 304 7.3.1 Energy Balance Method 304 7.3.2 Aerodynamic Method 307 7.3.3 Combined Method 309 7.4 Infiltration 310 7.4.1 Unsaturated Flow 310 7.4.2 Green–Ampt Method 313 7.4.3 Other Infiltration Methods 319 Problems 321 References 324 Chapter 8 Surface Runoff 327 8.1 Drainage Basins and Storm Hydrographs 327 8.1.1 Drainage Basins and Runoff 327 8.2 Hydrologic Losses, Rainfall Excess, and Hydrograph Components 331 8.2.1 Hydrograph Components 333 8.2.2 F-Index Method 333 8.2.3 Rainfall-Runoff Analysis 335 8.3 Rainfall-Runoff Analysis Using Unit Hydrograph Approach 335 8.4 Synthetic Unit Hydrographs 338 8.4.1 Snyder’s Synthetic Unit Hydrograph 338 8.4.2 Clark Unit Hydrograph 339 8.5 S-Hydrographs 343 8.6 NRCS (SCS) Rainfall-Runoff Relation 345 8.7 Curve Number Estimation and Abstractions 347 8.7.1 Antecedent Moisture Conditions 347 8.7.2 Soil Group Classification 348 8.7.3 Curve Numbers 351 8.8 NRCS (SCS) Unit Hydrograph Procedure 354 8.8.1 Time of Concentration 355 8.8.2 Time to Peak 357 8.8.3 Peak Discharge 357 8.9 Kinematic Wave Overland Flow Runoff Model 358 8.10 Computer Models for Rainfall-Runoff Analysis 363 Problems 365 References 372 Chapter 9 Reservoir and Streamflow Routing 375 9.1 Routing 375 9.2 Hydrologic Reservoir Routing 376 9.3 Hydrologic River Routing 380 9.4 Hydraulic (Distributed) Routing 384 9.4.1 Unsteady Flow Equations: Continuity Equation 385 9.4.2 Momentum Equation 387 9.5 Kinematic Wave Model for Channels 390 9.5.1 Kinematic Wave Equations 390 9.5.2 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Kinematic Wave Model for Overland Flow and Channel Routing 392 9.5.3 KINEROS2 Channel Flow Routing Model 393 9.5.4 Kinematic Wave Celerity 394 9.6 Muskingum–Cunge Model 395 9.7 Implicit Dynamic Wave Model 396 9.8 Distributed Routing in U.S. Army Corps of Engineers HEC-RAS 398 Problems 401 References 406 Chapter 10 Probability, Risk, and Uncertainty Analysis for Hydrologic and Hydraulic Design 407 10.1 Probability Concepts 407 10.2 Commonly Used Probability Distributions 410 10.2.1 Normal Distribution 410 10.2.2 Log-Normal Distribution 410 10.2.3 Gumbel (Extreme Value Type I) Distribution 413 10.3 Hydrologic Design for Water Excess Management 414 10.3.1 Hydrologic Design Scale 414 10.3.2 Hydrologic Design Level (Return Period) 416 10.3.3 Hydrologic Risk 416 10.3.4 Hydrologic Data Series 417 10.4 Hydrologic Frequency Analysis 419 10.4.1 Frequency Factor Equation 419 10.4.2 Application of Log-Pearson III Distribution 420 10.4.3 Extreme Value Distribution 425 10.5 U.S. Water Resources Council Guidelines for Flood Flow Frequency Analysis 425 10.5.1 Procedure 426 10.5.2 Testing for Outliers 427 10.6 Analysis of Uncertainties 430 10.7 Risk Analysis: Composite Hydrologic and Hydraulic Risk 433 10.7.1 Reliability Computation by Direct Integration 434 10.7.2 Reliability Computation Using Safety Margin/Safety Factor 435 10.8 Computer Models for Flood-Flow Frequency Analysis 437 Problems 438 References 441 Chapter 11 Hydrologic Design and Floodplain Analysis 443 11.1 Hydrologic Design for Stormwater Management: Storm Sewers Design 443 11.1.1 Rational Method Design 443 11.1.2 Risk-Based Design of Storm Sewers 451 11.2 Hydrologic Design of Stormwater Detention 453 11.2.1 Why Detention? Effects of Urbanization 453 11.2.2 Sizing Detention 454 11.2.3 Detention Basin Routing 455 11.2.4 Preliminary Sizing of Detention: Modified Rational Method 456 11.2.5 Infiltration Basin Design 460 11.3 Floodplain Analysis 461 11.3.1 Floodplain Analysis Components 461 11.3.2 Floodplain Hydraulics 464 11.3.3 Water Surface Profile Computation 468 11.4 Flood-Control Alternatives 472 11.4.1 Structural Alternatives 473 11.4.2 Nonstructural Alternatives 477 11.4.3 Flood Damage and Net Benefit Estimation 478 11.5 Urban Flood Management: A Matter of Water Resources Sustainability 480 11.5.1 Urban Flood Management and Sustainability 480 11.5.2 Climate Change, Urbanization, and Integrated Management 481 11.5.3 Developing Countries and Flood Management 482 11.5.4 Developed Countries and Flood Disasters 482 11.6 Water Supply for Crop Water Requirements: Evapotranspiration Calculations 483 11.6.1 Combination Equation 483 11.6.2 FAO-56 Penman–Monteith Equation 484 11.6.3 Meteorological Data and Factors 485 11.6.4 Radiation Calculations 489 11.6.5 ASCE-EWRI Standardized Penman-Monteith Equation 493 11.7 Hydrologic Design for Water Supply 494 11.7.1 Surface Water Reservoir Systems 494 11.7.2 Storage—Firm Yield Analysis forWater Supply 495 11.7.3 Reservoir Simulation 503 Problems 505 References 508 Chapter 12 Hydrologic Measurement 511 12.1 Atmosphere-Land Interface 511 12.1.1 Wind, Humidity, and Solar Radiation 512 12.1.2 Precipitation 515 12.1.3 Evaporation 519 12.1.4 Weather/Climate Stations 521 12.1.5 Infiltration 522 12.2 Discharge Measurement 523 12.2.1 Weir 523 12.2.2 Flumes 527 12.3 Streamflow Measurement 528 12.3.1 Measuring Stage 528 12.3.2 Velocity-Area-Integration Method 531 12.3.3 Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler 533 12.4 Groundwater Measurement 534 12.5 Automated Data Acquisition and Transmission Systems 536 12.6 Hydrologic Monitoring Systems 538 12.6.1 Urban Stormwater Systems 538 12.6.2 Flood Early-Warning Systems 541 Problems 541 References 542 Chapter 13 Hydrology of Specific Climates 543 13.1 Hydrology of Arid and Semiarid Climates 543 13.1.1 Physical Features 543 13.1.2 Hydrologic Processes 545 13.1.3 Rainfall Hyetographs for Arabian Gulf States 548 13.1.4 Design Rainfall Patterns for Arizona 549 13.1.5 Hydrology of Alluvial Fan Flooding 549 13.2 Hydrology of Cold Climates 555 13.2.1 Snowpack, Snow Water Equivalent, and Snowmelt Runoff 556 13.2.2 Snowmelt—Energy Budget Solutions 558 13.2.3 Snowmelt—Temperature Index Solutions 561 13.2.4 Models for Snowmelt Runoff 562 13.3 Hydrology of Humid Tropical Climates 562 13.3.1 ENSO: El Ni~no-Southern Oscillation 563 13.3.2 Rainfall for Drainage Design 565 13.3.3 Rainfall Interception—Vegetation Canopy 567 13.4 Introduction to Watershed Hydrology Models 569 13.4.1 What are Watershed Models? 570 13.4.2 Classification of Watershed Models 571 13.4.3 Distributed Model Spatial Configurations 572 13.4.4 Discussion of Selected Models 573 References 574 Appendix A Control Volume Approach for Hydrosystems 577 Continuity 580 Energy 581 Momentum 583 Appendix B NWS Precipitation Frequency Documents 585 Appendix C U.S. Army Corps of Engineers HEC-HMS 589 Watershed and Meteorological Description 589 Example Application 591 References 597 Appendix D U.S. Army Corps of Engineers HEC-RAS 599 HEC-RAS Model Features 599 Cross-Sections 599 Cross-Section Description for Conveyance Calculation 600 Cross-Section Interpolation 600 Cross-Sections at Junctions 601 Bridge Description 601 Encroachment Methods Floodplain Analysis 602 Reference 606 Index

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Book SynopsisLaurens Baas Becking was a pioneer in the field of microbial ecology and the father of Geobiology. This is the first English translation of Baas Becking's Geobiologie: of Inleiding tot de Millieukunde published in Dutch in 1934. This book provides a fascinating view of how organisms have both adapted to and shaped their environment, from all types of settings ranging from lakes to the oceans, to acidic peats and salt ponds, drawing heavily on Baas Becking's own keen observations. Although written 80 years ago, Baas Becking's insights feel surprisingly modern and provide a unique insight into the fields of evolution of microbial ecology and geobiology. This book should appeal to anyone interested in microbial ecology, geobiology, biogeochemistry and the history of science. The translated text is accompanied by extensive footnotes and by an Editor's summary at the end of each chapter placing Baas Becking's writing in the context of modern developments in the field.Table of ContentsEditor’s Introduction, vii I Introduction, 1 II The Environment, 4 III Environmental Factors: Solar Radiation, 17 IV Environmental Factors: Temperature, 28 V Environmental Factors: The Chemical Environment, 38 VI Cycles, 59 VII Oligotrophic Water, 72 VIII Eutrophic Fresh Water, 82 IX Oceans, 92 X Brine, 103 Appendix, 127 References, 129 Index, 133

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Book SynopsisAlgae are some of the fastest growing organisms in the world, with up to 90% of their weight made up from carbohydrate, protein and oil. As well as these macromolecules, microalgae are also rich in other high-value compounds, such as vitamins, pigments, and biologically active compounds, All these compounds can be extracted for use by the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food industries, and the algae itself can be used for feeding of livestock, in particular fish, where on-going research is dedicated to increasing the percentage of fish and shellfish feed not derived from fish meal. Microalgae are also applied to wastewater bioremediation and carbon capture from industrial flue gases, and can be used as organic fertilizer. So far, only a few species of microalgae, including cyanobacteria, are under mass cultivation. The potential for expansion is enormous, considering the existing hundreds of thousands of species and subspecies, in which a large gene-pool offersTable of ContentsList of Contributors vi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction xiv Part 1: The Microalgal Cell with Reference to Mass Cultures 1 1 The Microalgal Cell 3 Robert A. Andersen 2 Photosynthesis in Microalgae 21 Jirý Masojýdek, Giuseppe Torzillo, and Michal Koblýzek 3 Basic Culturing and Analytical Measurement Techniques 37 Yuan-Kun Lee, Wei Chen, Hui Shen, Danxiang Han, Yantao Li, Howland D. T. Jones, Jerilyn A. Timlin, and Qiang Hu 4 Strategies for Bioprospecting Microalgae for Potential Commercial Applications 69 William Barclay and Kirk Apt 5 Maintenance of Microalgae in Culture Collections 80 Jerry J. Brand, Robert A. Andersen, and David R. Nobles Jr. 6 Environmental Stress Physiology with Reference to Mass Cultures 90 Giuseppe Torzillo and Avigad Vonshak 7 Environmental Effects on Cell Composition 114 Qiang Hu 8 Inorganic Algal Nutrition 123 Johan U. Grobbelaar 9 Commercial Production of Microalgae via Fermentation 134 William Barclay, Kirk Apt, and X. Daniel Dong 10 Molecular Genetic Manipulation of Microalgae: Principles and Applications 146 Roshan Prakash Shrestha, Farzad Haerizadeh, and Mark Hildebrand Part 2: Mass Cultivation and Processing of Microalgae 169 11 Biological Principles of Mass Cultivation of Photoautotrophic Microalgae 171 Amos Richmond 12 Theoretical Analysis of Culture Growth in Flat-Plate Bioreactors: The Essential Role of Timescales 205 Y. Zarmi, G. Bel, and C. Aflalo 13 Photobioreactors for Mass Production of Microalgae 225 Graziella C. Zittelli, Natascia Biondi, Liliana Rodolfi, and Mario R. Tredici 14 Downstream Processing of Cell Mass and Products 267 Emilio Molina Grima, Francisco Gabriel Aci´en Fern´andez, and Alfonso Robles Medina 15 First Principles of Techno-Economic Analysis of Algal Mass Culture 310 C. Meghan Downes and Qiang Hu Part 3: Commercial Species of Industrial Production 327 16 Chlorella: Industrial Production of Cell Mass and Chemicals 329 Jin Liu and Qiang Hu 17 Biology and Industrial Production of Arthrospira (Spirulina) 339 Amha Belay 18 Dunaliella: Biology, Production, and Markets 359 Michael A. Borowitzka 19 Biology and Industrial Potential of Botryococcus braunii 369 Makoto M. Watanabe and Yuuhiko Tanabe 20 Biology and Commercial Aspects of Haematococcus pluvialis 388 Danxiang Han, Yantao Li, and Qiang Hu 21 Novel Sulfated Polysaccharides of Red Microalgae: Basics and Applications 406 Shoshana (Malis) Arad and Dorit van Moppes 22 Hydrogen Production by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 417 Giuseppe Torzillo and Michael Seibert 23 Biology and Biotechnology of Edible Nostoc 433 Danxiang Han, Zhongyang Deng, Fan Lu, and Zhengyu Hu 24 IGV GmbH Experience Report, Industrial Production of Microalgae Under Controlled Conditions: Innovative Prospects 445 O. Pulz, J. Broneske, and P. Waldeck 25 Microalgae for Human and Animal Nutrition 461 E. Wolfgang Becker 26 Bioactive and Novel Chemicals from Microalgae 504 R. Cameron Coates, Emily Trentacoste, and William H. Gerwick 27 High-value Recombinant Protein Production in Microalgae 532 Daniel J. Barrera and Stephen P. Mayfield 28 Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms for Lipid Synthesis and Accumulation in Microalgae: Biotechnological Implications 545 Yantao Li, Danxiang Han, Kangsup Yoon, Shunni Zhu, Milton Sommerfeld, and Qiang Hu 29 Biofuels from Microalgae 566 Maria J. Barbosa and Rene H. Wijffels Part 4: Water Pollution and Bioremediation by Microalgae 579 30 Eutrophication and Water Poisons 581 Susan Blackburn 31 Water Purification: Algae in Wastewater Oxidation Ponds 595 Asher Brenner and Aharon Abeliovich 32 Absorption and Adsorption of Heavy Metals by Microalgae 602 Drora Kaplan Part 5: Microalgae for Aquaculture 613 33 Microalgae for Aquaculture: The Current Global Situation and Future Trends 615 Arnaud Muller-Feuga 34 Microalga for Aquaculture: Practical Implications 628 Oded Zmora, Dan J. Grosse, Ning Zou, and Tzachi M. Samocha 35 Transgenic Marine Microalgae: A Value-Enhanced Fishmeal and Fish Oil Replacement 653 Jonathan Gressel 36 Microalgae for Aquaculture: Nutritional Aspects 671 E. Wolfgang Becker 37 The Enhancement of Marine Productivity for Climate Stabilization and Food Security 692 Ian S.F. Jones and Daniel P. Harrison Index 705

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Book SynopsisWith petroleum-related spills, explosions, and health issues in the headlines almost every day, the issue of remediation of petroleum and petroleum products is taking on increasing importance, for the survival of our environment, our planet, and our future.Table of ContentsPreface xv 1. Introduction to Bioremediation 1 1. Introduction 1 2. Principles of Bioremediation 7 3. Bioremediation and Biodegradation 10 4. Mechanism of Biodegradation 15 5. Bioremediation Methods 22 6. Test Methods for Biodegradation 30 7. References 31 2. Petroleum Composition and Properties 39 1. Introduction 39 2. Composition 46 3. Properties 62 4. References 76 3. Refinery Products and By-Products 79 1. Introduction 79 2. Refinery Products 81 3. Refinery Chemicals 106 4. References 113 4. Composition and Properties of Gaseous Products 115 1. Introduction 115 2. Gaseous Products 118 3. Environmental Effects 129 4. Analysis 134 5. References 143 5. Composition and Properties of Liquid Products 147 1. Introduction 147 2. Naphtha 148 3. Fuel Oil 162 4. Wastewaters 177 5. References 180 6. Composition and Properties of Solid Products 183 1. Introduction 183 2. Residua and Asphalt 184 3. Coke 199 4. Sludge 208 5. References 210 7. Sample Collection and Preparation 213 1. Introduction 213 2. Petroleum Chemicals 215 3. Sample Collection and Preparation 218 4. Measurement 240 5. Accuracy 242 6. Precision 243 7. Method Validation 245 8. Quality Control and Quality Assurance 252 9. Method Detection Limit 256 10. References 256 8. Analytical Methods 259 1. Introduction 259 2. Chemical And Physical Properties 262 3. Petroleum Group Analyses 279 4. Other Analytical Methods 289 5. References 298 9. Biodegradation of Petroleum 305 1. Introduction 305 2. Biodegradation of Specific Constituents 307 3. Petroleum Biodegradation 319 4. Application to Spills 333 5. References 339 10. Biodegradation of Naphtha and Gasoline 361 1. Introduction 361 2. Identity and Origin 361 3. Remediation 363 4. BTEX and MTBE 377 5. References 382 11. Biodegradation of Kerosene and Diesel 385 1. Introduction 385 2. Identity and Origin of Kerosene and Diesel 385 3. Bioremediation 389 4. Jet Fuel 402 5. References 404 12. Biodegradation of Fuel Oil 413 1. Introduction 413 2. Identity and Origin of Fuel Oil 416 3. Biodegradation 421 4. References 427 13. Biodegradation of Lubricating Oil 431 1. Introduction 431 2. Identity and Origin of Lubricating Oil 434 3. Composition and Properties of Lubricating Oil 436 4. Biodegradation of Lubricating Oils 440 5. Bioremediation – The Challenge 452 6. Conclusion 453 7. References 453 14. Biodegradation of Residua and Asphalt 463 1. Introduction 463 2. Identity and Origin of Residua and Asphalt 467 3. Biodegradation of Residua and Asphalt 469 4. References 477 15. Bioremediation Methods 483 1. Land Ecosystems 486 2. Water Ecosystems 498 3. References 507 16. The Future of Bioremediation 515 1. Introduction 515 2. Status 517 3. Advantages and Disadvantages 524 4. Conclusion 526 5. References 528 Glossary 535 Conversion Factors 555 Index 559

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Book SynopsisPlants and microbes interact in a complex relationship that can have both harmful and beneficial impacts on both plant and microbial communities. Effectors, secreted microbial molecules that alter plant processes and facilitate colonization, are central to understanding the complicated interplay between plants and microbes. Effectors in Plant-Microbe Interactions unlocks the molecular basis of this important class of microbial molecules and describes their diverse and complex interactions with host plants. Effectors in Plant Microbe Interactions is divided into five sections that take stock of the current knowledge on effectors of plant-associated organisms. Coverage ranges from the impact of bacterial, fungal and oomycete effectors on plant immunity and high-throughput genomic analysis of effectors to the function and trafficking of these microbial molecules. The final section looks at effectors secreted by other eukaryotic microbes that are the focus of current and Table of ContentsContributors vii Foreword xiii Preface xv Section 1 Plant Immune Response Pathways 1 Innate Immunity: Pattern Recognition in Plants 3Delphine Chinchilla and Thomas Boller 2 Microbial Effectors and Their Role in Plant Defense Suppression 33Dagmar Hann and Thomas Boller Section 2 Genome-Wide Analyses of Microbial Effectors and Effector Evolution 3 Comparative Genomics and Evolution of Bacterial Type III Effectors 55Ralf Koebnik and Magdalen Lindeberg 4 The Effectors of Smut Fungi 77Gunther Doehlemann, Kerstin Schipper and Regine Kahmann 5 Evolutionary and Functional Dynamics of Oomycete Effector Genes 101Mireille van Damme, Liliana M. Cano, Ricardo Oliva,Sebastian Schornack, Marίa Eugenia Segretin, Sophien Kamoun,and Sylvain Raffaele Section 3 Microbial Effector Functions: Virulence and Avirulence 6 Suppression and Activation of the Plant Immune System by Pseudomonas syringae Effectors AvrPto and AvrPtoB 123Gregory Martin 7 Rust Effectors 155Sébastien Duplessis, David L. Joly, and Peter N. Dodds 8 Dothideomycete Effectors Facilitating Biotrophic and Necrotrophic Lifestyles 195Thierry Rouxel and Pierre J.G.M. de Wit Section 4 Effector Trafficking: Processing/Uptake by Plants and Secretion/Delivery by Microbes 9 Effector Translocation and Delivery by the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae 221Thomas A. Mentlak, Nicholas J. Talbot, and Thomas Kroj 10 Entry of Oomycete and Fungal Effectors into Host Cells 243Brett M. Tyler Section 5 Emerging Effectors—Symbionts, Nematodes, Insects, Metabolites 11 Roles of Effector Proteins in the Legume–Rhizobia Symbiosis 279Silvia Ardissone and William James Deakin 12 Mutualistic Effectors: Architects of Symbiosis 295Jonathan M. Plett and Francis Martin 13 Nematode Effector Proteins: Targets and Functions in Plant Parasitism 327Marie-Noëlle Rosso, Richard S. Hussey, Eric L. Davis,Geert Smant, Thomas J. Baum, Pierre Abad, and Melissa G. Mitchum 14 Effectors in Plant–Insect Interactions 355Jorunn I.B. Bos and Saskia A. Hogenhout 15 Fungal Secondary Metabolites: Ancient Toxins and Novel Effectors in Plant–Microbe Interactions 377Jérôme Collemare and Marc-Henri Lebrun Index 401

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Book SynopsisThis is the only book available that provides an integrated picture of what starter cultures are and what they do. It provides an up-to-date discussion of the characteristics, metabolism, production, and role of starter cultures in the manufacture of fermented dairy products.Table of ContentsHistory of Cultures. Starter Genetics. Metabolism. Types of Culture. Bacteriophage. Other Inhibitors of Growth. Commercial Production of Cultures. Roles of Cultures in Ripening Cheese. Special Additional Cultures. Future Prospects of Culture Improvement.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first book to present a topical overview of the research and development of microbial polyesters. Comprehensive and amply illustrated, it covers the * biosynthesis * structure * properties * applications of these biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastics. The book provides the reader with the necessary background to understand the nature and mechanism of biological polymerization. It unites aspects from both the biological and polymer sciences and is a typical modern example of the analysis of biological macromolecules.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Microbial Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) 1.2 Microbial Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) 1.3 Environmentally Degradable Polyesters References Chapter 2 Fermentation and Analysis of Microbial Polyesters 2.1 Fermentation Production 2.1.1 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) 2.1.2 Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) 2.2 Polymer Isolation 2.2.1 Solvent Extraction 2.2.2 Alkaline Hypochlorite Treatment 2.2.3 Enzyme Treatment 2.3 Analysis 2.3.1 Polyester Content of Cells 2.3.2 Composition of Copolymers 2.3.3 Molecular Weight References Chapter 3 Microorganisms and Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) 3.1 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in Microorganisms 3.1.1 Functions of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) 3.1.2 Structure of Native P(3HB) Granules 3.2 Biosynthesis of Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) 3.2.1 Alcaligenes eutrophus 3.2.2 Pseudomonas oleovorans 3.2.3 Other Bacterial Strains 3.3 Molecular Structures of Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) 3.3.1 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyalerate) 3.3.2 Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates-co-3-hydroxy--chloroalkanoates) References Chapter 4 Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) Metabolism 4.1 Pathways of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Synthesis 4.2 Pathways of Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) Synthesis 4.3 Enzymology of Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) Synthesis 4.3.1 3-Ketothiolase 4.3.2 Acetoacetyl-CoA Reductase 4.3.3 P(3HB) Synthase 4.4 Pathways of P(3-hydroxybutyrate) Degradation 4.5 Cyclic Nature of Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) Metabolism 4.5.1 Replacement of P(3HB) by P(3HB-co-3HV) 4.5.2 Replacement of P(3HB-co-3HV) by P(3HB) 4.5.3 Application to PHA Fermentation References Chapter 5 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) 5.1 Alcaligenes eutrophus and Carbon Substrates 5.2 Molecular Structure 5.3 Biosynthetic Pathway References Chapter 6 Structure and Properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) 6.1 Crystal Structure and Properties 6.1.1 Crystal Structure 6.1.2 Solid-State Properties 6.2 Solution Properties References Chapter 7 Solid-State Properties of Copolyesters 7.1 Composition and Physical Properties 7.1.1 X-Ray Diffraction Analysis 7.1.2 Solid-State CP/MAS 13C-NMR Analysis 7.1.3 Mechanical Properties 7.2 Thermal Properties 7.2.1 Melting Temperatures 7.2.2 Glass-Transition Temperatures 7.2.3 Thermal Stability 7.3 Kinetics of Crystallization References Chapter 8 Biodegradation of Microbial Polyesters 8.1 Extracellular P(3HB) Depolymerase 8.1.1 Pseudomonas lemoignei 8.1.2 Alcaligenes faecalis 8.2 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Copolyesters 8.3 Simple Hydrolysis of Polyesters 8.4 Applications and Prospects 8.4.1 Environmentally Degradable Plastics 8.4.2 Medical Applications References Index

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Book SynopsisThe activated sludge process is the most versatile, commonly used wastewater treatment system in North America; however, many activated sludge processes frequently experience operational problems related to poor compaction or settleability of secondary solids and loss of secondary solids from the clarifier. This work covers this topic.Trade Review"...All in all it is an excellent example of applied and troubleshooting microbiology." (Microbiology Today, August 2003)Table of ContentsPreface. PART I: OVERVIEW. The Activated Sludge Process. Floc Formation. A Floc Formation Model. Interruption of Floc Formation. PART II: SETTLEABILITY PROBLEMS AND LOSS OF SOLIDS. Introduction. Undesired Filamentous Growth. Nutrient-Deficient Floc Particles. Denitrification. Sheared Floc Particles. Dispersed Floc Particles. Heavy Metals and Congealed Floc Particles. Low Dissolved Oxygen Concentration. Young Sludge Age. Floc Particles Lost Through Sludge Aging. Slug Discharge of Soluble cBOD. Viscous Bulking or Zoogloeal Growth. Increase in Percent MLVSS. Colloidal Floc Particles. Temperature. PART III: FOAM AND SCUM. Production and Accumulation of Foam and Scum. Identification of Foam. Controlling Foam Production and Accumulation. PART IV: SETTLEABILITY TESTING. Settleability Testing and Settling Rate. Settleability Testing: Microscopic Analyses. Appendix I: F/M, HRT, MCRT, MLVSS, Sludge Age, SVI. Appendix II: Microscopic Techniques. References. Abbreviations and Acronyms. Chemical Compounds and Elements. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisThroughout the world, milk and milk products are indispensable components of the food chain. Not only do individual consumers use liquid milk for beverages and cooking, but food manufacturers use vast quantities of milk powder, concentrated milks, butter, and cream as raw materials for further processing.Trade Review“…a very valuable reference book covering basically all aspects relevant to the microbiology of milk and milk products” (Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Vol. 84, No., 12 September 2004)Table of ContentsMilk and Milk Processing. Microbiology of Raw Milk. Microbiology of Market Milks. Microbiology of Cream and Butter. Microbiology of Condensed and Dried Milk Powders. Microbiology of Frozen Milk Products. Starter Cultures: Practical Applications. Microbiology of Fermented Milks. Microbiology of Therapeutic Milks. Microbiology of Soft Cheeses. Microbiology of Hard-Pressed Cheeses. Maintaining a Clean Working Environment. Application of Process Control. Quality Control in the Dairy Industry.

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Book SynopsisNot only an invaluable reference to what is known about lichen bionts and their interactions but also a guide to future studies. Compares various aspects of lichen-forming bionts with those of other fungi, algae and cyanobacteria. Features in-depth descriptions of culture methods.Table of ContentsThe Mycobiont (Fungal Symbiont). The Photobiont (Photosynthetic Symbiont). Biont Interactions I--Development of Synthetic and NaturalLichens. Biont Interactions II--Carbohydrate Movement. Biont Interactions III--Physiology of Lichens. Lichens, Bionts, and Air Pollution. Molecular Biology of Lichens. Appendix. Literature Cited. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisYeasts are the world''s premier industrial micro-organisms. In addition to their wide exploitation in the production of foods, beverages and pharmaceuticals, yeasts also play significant roles as model eukaryotic cells in furthering our knowledge in the biological and biomedical sciences. In order for modern biotechnology to fully exploit the activities of yeasts, it is essential to appreciate aspects of yeast cell physiology. In recent years, however, our knowledge of yeast physiological phenomena has lagged behind that of yeast genetics and molecular biology. Yeast Physiology and Biotechnology redresses the balance by linking key aspects of yeast physiology with yeast biotechnology. Individual chapters provide broad and timely coverage of yeast cytology, nutrition, growth and metabolism - important aspects of yeast cell physiology which are pertinent to the practical uses of yeasts in industry. The final chapter reviews traditional, modern and emerging biotechnologies in which roles Table of ContentsIntroduction to Yeasts. Yeast Cytology. Yeast Nutrition. Yeast Growth. Yeast Metabolism. Yeast Technology. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis text is for advanced undergraduates of microbiology and medical microbiology, presenting a comprehensive introduction to late-1990s molecular biology of the interactions between bacteria and eukaryotic cells, and their relevance to human diseases.Trade Review"A splendidly written book...""...the authors have achieved their goal and the book should be useful to students and researchers in many subject areas." --Microbiology Today, November 2000Table of ContentsBACKGROUND TO CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY. An Introduction to Cellular Microbiology. The Cellular Biology Underlying Prokaryotic-Eukaryotic Interactions. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Signalling Mechanisms. Molecular Techniques Defining Bacterial Virulence Mechanisms. PROKARYOTIC-EUKARYOTIC INTERACTIONS IN INFECTION. Bacterial Adhesion to Host Cells. Bacterial Invasion of Host Cells. Bacterial Protein Toxins: Agents of Disease and Probes of Eukaryotic Cell Behaviour. The Innate Immune Response and Bacterial Infections. Acquired Immunity in the Defence Against Bacteria. Future Developments in Cellular Microbiology. Index.

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Book SynopsisOriginally published in 1989, this book presents a detailed analysis of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur utilization by fungi. Based on the 1988 British Mycological Society symposium, it is broadly based, covering four basic areas: physiology and metabolism of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur by fungi; role of these minerals in pathogenic relationships with plants; their role in mutualistic relationships with plants; and the role of saprotrophic fungi in cycling of the elements through ecosystems. This book will be of interest to research workers, advanced students and teachers of mycology, plant pathology, plant nutrition and soil ecology.Table of ContentsContributors; Preface; 1. Some perspectives on nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism in fungi D. H. Jennings; 2. The genetics and biochemistry of nitrate assimilation in ascomycete fungi A. B. Tomsett; 3. Transport and metabolism of suphur dioxide in yeasts and filamentous fungi Anthony H. Rose; 4. Inorganic sulphur oxidation by fungi M. Wainwright; 5. Sulphur compounds in fungi J. C. Slaughter; 6. Phosphonates: antifungal compounds against Oomycetes M. D. Coffey and D. G. Ouimette; 7. Phosphorus and nitrogen fluxes between plant and fungus in parasitic associations D. R. Walters; 8. Effects of fungal pathogens on nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur relations of individual plants and populations N. D. Paul; 9. The nitrogen nutrition of mycorrhizal fungi and their host plants D. J. Read, J. R. Leake and A. R. Langdale; 10. Acquisition of phosphorus by VA mycorrhizal fungi and the growth responses of their host plants B. A. D. Hetrick; 11. Phosphorus metabolism in mycorrhizas V. Gianinazzi-Pearson and S. Gianinazzi; 12. Nitrogen relations of mat-forming lichens P. D. Crittenden; 13. Role of fungi in nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur cycling in temperate forest ecosystems J. Dighton and Lynne Boddy; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis 1988 volume brought together for the first time a wealth of information for those using yeasts in biotechnology. The volume is a guide to the preservation and identification of yeasts and their deposit for patent purposes; it describes the data centres and culture collection organisations from which information and expert help was obtained.Table of ContentsContributors; Series introduction; Preface; Acknowledgements; 1. Resource centres B. E. Kirsop; 2. Information centres M. I. Krichevsky, B. -O. Fabricus and H. Sugawara; 3. Administration and safety B. E. Kirsop, C. P. Kurtzman and K. Allner; 4. Culture and preservations B. E. Kirsop; 5. Identification and taxonomy C. P. Kurtzman; 6. Patent protection for biotechnical inventions I. J. Bousfield; 7. Culture collection services D. Allsopp and F. P. Simione; 8. Organisation of resource centres B. E. Kirsop and E. J. DaSilva; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book is intended to give a non-specialist a comprehensive introduction to the science of biotransformations, the practice of harnessing biological catalysts for the preparation of useful fine chemicals such as pharmaceuticals, fragrances and flavours.Trade Review' … the book is well presented and has few errors. It is a readable and affordable introduction for those new to this area, particularly synthetic chemists, and would also be useful for an advanced undergraduate or a postgraduate course in the subject.' Chemistry in BritainTable of ContentsPreface; 1. An historical introduction to biocatalysis using enzymes and microorganisms; 2. The inter-relationship between enzymes and cells with particular reference to whole-cell biotransformations using bacteria and fungi; 3. Useful intermediates and end-products obtained from whole-cell/enzyme catalysed hydrolysis and esterification reactions; 4. Useful intermediates and end-products obtained from biocatalysed oxidation and reduction reactions; 5. Useful intermediates and end-products obtained from biocatalysed carbon–carbon, carbon–oxygen, carbon–nitrogen, and carbon–chalcogen bond-forming reactions; 6. The application of biocatalysis to the manufacture of fine chemicals; Index.

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Book SynopsisNamed a Best Book of 2020 by NPR and Vanity FairOne of Smithsonian''s Ten Best Science Books of 2020?A searching and vital explication of germ theory, social norms, and what the modern era is really doing to our bodies and our psyches.? ?Vanity FairA preventative medicine physician and staff writer for The Atlanticexplains thesurprising and unintended effects of our hygiene practicesin this informative andentertaining introduction to the new science of skin microbes and probiotics. Keeping skin healthy is a booming industry, and yet it seems like almost no one agrees on what actually works.Confusing messages from health authoritiesand ineffectivetreatments haveleft many people desperate for reliable solutions. An enormous alternative industry is filling the void, selling products that are often of questionable safety and totally unknown effectiveness. InClean, doctor and journalist James Hamblin explores how we got here, examining the science and culture of how we care for our skin today. He talks to dermatologists, microbiologists, allergists, immunologists, aestheticians, bar-soap enthusiasts, venture capitalists, Amish people, theologians, and straight-up scam artists, trying to figure out what it really means to be clean. He even experiments with giving up showers entirely, and discovers that he is not alone. Along the way, he realizes that most of our standards of cleanliness are less related to health than most people think.Amajor part of the picture has been missing: a little-known ecosystem known as the skin microbiome?the trillions of microbes that live on our skin and in our pores. These microbes are not dangerous; they?re more like an outer layer of skin that no one knew we had, and theyinfluence everything from acne, eczema, and dry skin, to how we smell. The new goal of skin care will be to cultivate a healthy biome?and to embrace the meaning of ?clean? in the natural sense. This can mean doing much less, saving time, money, energy, water, and plastic bottles in the process.Lucid, accessible, and deeply researched,Cleanexplores the ongoing, radical change in the way we think about our skin, introducing readers to the emerging science that will be at the forefront of health and wellness conversations in coming years.

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Book SynopsisThe essential pocket primer on climate change that will leave an indelible impact on everyone who reads it. “Hope Jahren asks the central question of our time: how can we learn to live on a finite planet? (Elizabeth Kolbert, author of The Sixth Extinction).“Hope Jahren is the voice that science has been waiting for.” —Nature Hope Jahren is an award-winning scientist, a brilliant writer, a passionate teacher, and one of the seven billion people with whom we share this earth. In The Story of More, she illuminates the link between human habits and our imperiled planet. In concise, highly readable chapters, she takes us through the science behind the key inventions—from electric power to large-scale farming to automobiles—that, even as they help us, release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere like never before. She explains the current and projected consequences of global warming—from superstorms to rising sea levels—and the actions that we all can take to fight back. At once an explainer on the mechanisms of global change and a lively, personal narrative given to us in Jahren’s inimitable voice, The Story of More is “a superb account of the deadly struggle between humanity and what may prove the only life-bearing planet within ten light years (E. O. Wilson).

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Book SynopsisThe centuries-long quest to discover the critical role of germs in disease reveals as much about human reasoning?and the pitfalls of ego?as it does about microbes.?Essential reading . . . Thomas Levenson brings to brilliant life the social history of medical detective work and illuminates the fascinating world of pathogenic microbes.??Deborah Blum, New York Times bestselling author of The Poison SquadScientists and enthusiastic amateurs first confirmed the existence of living things invisible to the human eye in the late seventeenth century. So why did it take two centuries to connect microbes to disease? As late as the Civil War in the 1860s, most soldiers who perished died not on the battlefield but of infected wounds, typhoid, and other diseases. Twenty years later, the outcome might have been different, following one of the most radical intellectual transformations in history: germ theory, the recognition that the tiniest forms of life have been humankind?s greatest killers. It was a discovery centuries in the making, and it transformed modern life and public health.As Thomas Levenson reveals in this globe-spanning history, it has everything to do with how we see ourselves. For centuries, people in the West, believing themselves to hold God-given dominion over nature, thought too much of humanity and too little of microbes to believe they could take us down. When nineteenth-century scientists finally made the connection, life-saving methods to control infections and contain outbreaks soon followed. The next big break came with the birth of the antibiotic era in the 1930s. And yet, less than a century later, the promise of the antibiotic revolution is already receding due to years of overuse. Is our self-confidence getting the better of us again?So Very Small follows the thread of human ingenuity and hubris across centuries?along the way peering into microscopes, spelunking down sewers, visiting army hospitals, traipsing across sheep fields, and more?to show how we came to understand the microbial environment and how little we understand ourselves. Levenson traces how and why ideas are pursued, accepted, or ignored?and hence how human habits of mind can, so often, make it terribly hard to ask the right questions.

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Book SynopsisIntended for students at the undergraduate level, this book is split into two parts, the first of which explains why bacteria are classified and how they are named, while the second illustrates the applications of these methods.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Phenotypic Characters. Genotypic Characters. Similarity And Arrangement. Identification. Evolution And The Archaea. The Spirochaetes. Helical And Curved Bacteria. The Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria. The Gram-Negative, Facultatively And Strictly Anaerobic Bacteria. The Gram-Positive Rods. The Gram-Positive Cocci. The Mollicutes. The Actinomycetes. Further Reading. Index

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Book SynopsisIntroduction to Geomicrobiology is a timely and comprehensive overview of how microbial life has affected Earth's environment through time. It shows how the ubiquity of microorganisms, their high chemical reactivity, and their metabolic diversity make them a significant factor controlling the chemical composition of our planet.Trade Review“I recommend the book to anyone who is interested in where particular microbes live, how they live and what effects they may exert on our planet Earth. Certainly I will be using the book when preparing my lectures.” (Geology Today, 1 May 2011) "This text is well illustrated with clear, informative and well-described diagrams and some splendid electron micrographs with convincing evidence for mineral deposition by bacterial action. A good index and up-to-date references make this a book that undergraduates of any biological discipline could use as an introductory text that would be useful throughout their course." Times Higher Education Supplement "A thorough and informative overview of the subject…comprehensively referenced throughout. …Dr Kohnhauser has done an excellent job in integrating the diverse aspects of geomicrobiology and making them accessible and interesting to...a wide range of readers." European Journal of Soil Science “The most comprehensive general book in geomicrobiology, showing the great advances made in geomicrobiology during the past few years … Packed with information.” Journal of Sedimentary Research "I would recommend this book to any upper undergraduate / graduate students who wish to study geomicrobiology, as well as to researchers in geomicrobiology who may find here either a nice way to fill possible gaps in their knowledge or a starting point for new research." Journal of Sedimentary ResearchTable of ContentsPreface. 1. Microbial properties and diversity. 2. Microbial metabolism. 3. Cell surface reactivity and metal sorption. 4. Biomineralization. 5. Microbial weathering. 6. Microbial zonation. 7. Early microbial life. References. Index

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Book SynopsisInspired by the pace of change in the taxonomy of the aerobic endospore-forming bacteria, the Bacillus 2000 symposium on which this book is based was held in Bruges, Belgium, in August 2000, and was supported by the Federation of European Microbiological Societies, the Belgian Society for Microbiology, and several commercial sponsors. Bringing taxonomists interested in Bacillus and its relatives together with people who work with these organisms in medicine, agriculture, and industry, allowed those attending to appreciate the overlaps and interactions of their areas of expertise, in the absence of any comprehensive treatment of the current systematics of the group. The meeting was a great success, and has resulted in the production of these proceedings, Applications and Systematics of Bacillus and Relatives, providing an up-to-date and comprehensive treatise on the classification, identification and applications of the aerobic endospore-forming bacteria; it is an essential refTrade Review"Rarely does a book of 19 chapters by 31 authors attain such high quality, wide interest and immediate relevance." Quarterly Review of Biology, June 2003 "Applications and Systematics of Bacillus and Relatives is indeed a source of current and compiled information on systematics and applications ... This will be a highly useful resource for academic, special, and public libraries." Mohan Ramaswamy, Kansas State University Library, E-Streams, April 2003Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Foreword. 1. Whither Bacillus? (Berkeley). 2. From Phylogeny To Systematics: Dissection Of The Genus Bacillus (Stackebrandt & Swiderski). 3. Longstanding Taxonomic Enigmas Within The 'Bacillus Cereus Group' Are On The Verge Of Being Resolved By Far-Reaching Molecular Developments: Forecasts On The Possible Outcome By An Ad Hoc Team. (Turnbull, Jackson, Hill, Keim, Kolsto & Beecher). 4. Bacillus Cereus And Food Poisoning (Granum). 5. Thermophilic Bacillus Isolates From Antarctic Environments (Nicolaus, Lama & Gambacorta). 6. Bacilli Associated With Spoilage In Dairy Products And Other Foods (Heyndrickx & Scheldeman). 7. Moderately Halophilic And Halotolerant Species Of Bacillus And Related Genera (Arahal & Ventosa). 8. Bacillus Identification - Traditional Approaches (Fritze). 9. Modern Methods For Identification (Logan). 10. Nucleic Acid Analysis And SDS-PAGE Of Whole-Cell Proteins In Bacillus Taxonomy (De Vos). 11. Bacillus Thuringiensis Insecticides (Bishop). 12. Bt Crops: A Novel Insect Control Tool (Van Rie). 13. Bacillus Sphaericus And Its Insecticidal Toxins (Priest). 14. The Importance Of Bacillus Species In The Production Of Industrial Enzymes (Outtrop & Jorgensen). 15. Plant Growth Promotion By Bacillus And Relatives (Chanway). 16. Insertion Sequence Elements And Transposons In Bacillus (Mahillon). 17. Fingerprint Spectrometry Methods In Bacillus Systematics (Magee & Goodacre). 18. Whole-Cell Fatty Acid Analysis In The Systematics Of Bacillus And Related Genera (Kampfer). 19. Some Concluding Observations (Norris). Index

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Book SynopsisSimon & Schuster''s Guide to Mushrooms is indispensable to anyone fascinated by mushrooms and other fungi. Lavishly illustrated, it contains detailed information about 420 types of mushrooms and other fungi found in the United States and Europe. The comprehensive introduction provides general information on the structure, reproduction, life cycles, classification, and distribution of the various species and describes the individual parts of the fungus as well. The entries describe the appearance, habitat, and geographic distribution of each species of fungi. The easy-to-use visual key provides each entry with immediately recognizable symbols that indicate spore color, ecological environment, and whether the species is edible or poisonous. A glossary and analytical index, plus an Index to Genera for locating particular subjects, help make this the most beautiful, valuable, and authoritative book in the field.

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Book SynopsisTheobald Smith (18591934) is widely considered to be America's first significant medical scientist and the world's leading comparative pathologist. This is the first book-length biography of Smith to appear in print, and is based primarily on personal papers and correspondence that have remained in the possession of his family until now.Trade ReviewThis dedication to microbiologist Smith provides a detailed account of a lifelong passion for using science to alleviate human suffering. Dolman and Wolfe meticulously investigate factors in Smith’s upbringing that led him to studying medicine… The authors recount Smith’s associations with notable scientists who led him to pursue medical studies emphasizing pathology. The list of colleagues who influenced Smith’s research reads like a who’s who of microbiology. Smith’s collaborations include other famous microbiologists who investigated infectious bacterial diseases of animal and humans. Each chapter presents Smith’s research according to the chronology of his life and concurrent developments in medicine and microbiology, and discusses his contributions to controlling tragic livestock diseases such as cattle fever, hog cholera, and swine plague. -- B. R. Shmaefsky * Choice *

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Book SynopsisThough we might not be able to see microbes, the consequences of their activities are readily apparent to our unaided senses. This book shows us how to examine, study, and appreciate microbes in the manner of a birdwatcher, by making sightings of microbial activities and thereby identifying particular microbes and understanding their behavior.Trade ReviewMarch of the Microbes is an impressive, entertaining tour of life's invisible realm. Combining history with new scientific discoveries, John Ingraham shows how microbes make their presence felt everywhere. You just have to know how to look for it. After reading this book, you will. -- Carl Zimmer, author of Microcosm: E. coli and the New Science of LifeTraverse the eclectic landscapes of soil, champagne, a Yellowstone spring, Italian salad dressing, and even the human stomach with microbiologist John L. Ingraham as your guide. This remarkable tour will transform novices into keen microbe-watchers in a mere 300 pages--which sounds like a lot, until you realize how much ground there is to cover in humanity's relationship with our most minuscule "friends." For instance, it was microbes that transformed the entire face of our planet, via the "Oxygen Revolution" some 3 billion years ago. We have them to thank for literally every breath we take. This is but one example. With the Earth estimated to have a nonillion (that's one followed by 30 zeros) microbes in and around it, we might as well get to know our tiny neighbors. * Seed *From the mundane (a smelly fish, a child with earache) to the exotic (hydrothermal vents), Ingraham presents the microbes behind so much of the world around us. He drives home the point that without these overlooked life forms we wouldn't be here at all...Ingraham's fresh perspective makes it an engaging read. -- Jo Marchant * New Scientist *Though most people are only familiar with microbes that cause disease (germs, etc.), those "felonious" microbes actually constitute a tiny percent of all microbes, and just a single chapter in this fascinating survey of single-celled organisms and their role in shaping life on Earth...Among other processes, Ingraham explains how vaccines have been developed, frequently with the aid of other microbes; the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles which make life possible; and how microbes give us cheese, wine, and other foodstuffs (though some, like xanthan gum, readers may not want to know about). Ingraham also discusses recently-discovered microbes inhabiting extreme environments (hot, cold, salty, etc.) that promise to tell us much about the evolution of life on Earth and what life on other planets might look like. Ingraham's entertaining, breezy style makes even difficult topics accessible, and every chapter contains intriguing anecdotes about microbes in history (did the CIA try to poison Castro's cigars with botulinum toxin?). Highly readable, engrossing, and endlessly informative, this is a standout example of science writing for general audiences. * Publishers Weekly online (starred review) *In this engaging treatment, the microbiologist shows readers the invisible world through observations about its macroscopic manifestations in a range of environments, from the kitchen to the abyss of the sea...Ingraham describes some of their malicious cousins who blight crops, kill trees, and sicken humans. Ingraham's clarity, plus touches of humor, augments the appeal of this fine contribution to popularizing science. -- Gilbert Taylor * Booklist *John Ingraham has written the definitive field guide for microbe watching, a branch of natural history that, to the uninitiated, might seem oxymoronic. Microorganisms being, by definition, creatures too small to be seen by the unaided eye, one might wonder...why anyone would need a guide to seeing the unseeable. Read just a few pages, however, and the puzzle is solved. Sure, microbes are tiny, but they are so prolific that their effects on the world are both profound and highly visible--from the black mold on bathroom walls to the red tide that sporadically discolors and poisons long expanses of shoreline...He blends the deep knowledge of an academic with the passion of a microbe watcher extraordinaire--which makes this guide as entertaining as it is informative. -- Laurence A. Marschall * Natural History *Table of Contents* Foreword * The Microbial Landscape * Just Acquiring Metabolic Energy * Food and Drink * Living Together * Cycling Nitrogen * Cycling Sulfur * Cycling Carbon * Hostile Environments * Fungi, Hostile and Benign * Viruses * Felonious Bacteria * Shapers of Weather, Geology, and the Environment * Closer to Us * Survivors * Notes * Glossary * Index

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Onstott so beautifully conveys his excitement that laypeople and scientists alike will find [Deep Life] a worthwhile read."--Publishers Weekly "Deep Life tackles one of the most mysterious, sexiest questions in science today: Is there life beyond Earth? ... Onstott's argument is both profound--we can't understand life on other planets without understanding life on our own--and surprising, pleasing any amateur extraterrestrial beep hunter."--Sarah Sloat, Inverse "Extreme environments beneath Earth's surface could well be the crucible where life was forged, and studying the weird creatures that live in such locales could well shed light on how life could endure in Mars' deep crust or Europa's hidden ocean. Geoscientist Tullis C. Onstott brings you along on the hunt."--Alan Boyle, GeekWire "Life can thrive in the most inhospitable places. And finding out just how inhospitable has been the life's work of Tullis Onstott... While rooted in the earth, the study may also help in the quest to find life in the solar system and beyond. This amazing journey takes us from deep in a South African gold mine, to the ancient seabed below a desert floor to travel deep beneath the frozen Arctic tundra."--Cosmos MagazineTable of ContentsFOREWORD ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii ABBREVIATIONS xv INTRODUCTION 1 1 Triassic Park 12 2 The Treasure of Cerro Negro 56 3 Bikers, Bombs, and the Death-o-Meter 103 4 Microbes in Meteorites! 126 5 Life in Deepest, Darkest Africa 143 6 Hunting for Water and Carbon 172 7 The Subterranauts 198 8 A Lot of Breaks and One Lucky Strike 234 9 Life beneath the Ice 265 10 The Worm from Hell 333 EPILOGUE 357 APPENDIX A: Chronology of the Exploration of Subsurface Life 365 APPENDIX B: Chronology of the Meeting of the U.S. DOE's SSP Meetings 377 NOTES 381 REFERENCES 463 INDEX 473

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Winner of the Nature Guidebook Award, National Outdoor Book Awards""I highly recommend this book. It may change your life in ways you never imagined possible."---David Gascoigne, Travels with Birds"An excellent resource for learning about the bees in these areas." * Bees for Development Journal *

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"A Choice Outstanding Academic Title of the Year""An entry-level introduction to virology that fascinated me"---Leon Vlieger, Inquisitive Biologist"This book offers an excellent overview of the main tenets of viral biology, designed to help readers better understand why viruses cause infection while also highlighting how our environment could not function properly without them."---C. Kale, Choice"Throughout her infectiously enthusiastic, irresistibly illustrated analysis, [Roossinck] emphasizes viral complexity.`"---Andrew Robinson, Nature"[This book] will surely inspire future generations of scientists."---William P. Hanage, The Quarterly Review of Biology

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Book SynopsisThis text is a comprehensive guide to the highly varied mycoflora of Cape Cod. It contains accurate and up-to-date descriptions and over 150 colour illustrations that help the reader identify over 250 indigenous mushroom species.

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Book SynopsisResponding to an estimated 14 million cases of food-borne disease that occur every year in the United States alone, the Food and Drug Administration and US Department of Agriculture have begun implementing new regulations and guidance for the microbial testing of foods. Similarly, Europe and other regions are implementing stricter oversight, as foodborne pathogens that cause deadly diseases such as e. coli 0157:H7 have raised the stakes everywhere. Food safety scientists have acted on this growing public health risk by developing improved media for the cultivation of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, much of it geared toward specific rapid detection.Reflecting the development of these new media and the latest FDA recommendations, the second edition of the Handbook of Microbiological Media for the Examination of Foodprovides an essential resource for anyone involved with the monitoring of both food production and post-production quality control. Organized alphTrade Review“This book provides descriptions and recipes for a very wide range of media… There is also a short introduction to food microbiology. … a useful reference source in a media laboratory or departmental library…” — Alan Varnam, London Metropolitan University, in Society for General Microbiology, (SGM), current Issue, Quarterly Review"This book is undoubtedly a valuable resource for investigators of foodborne pathogens." – Christian T. K. –H. Stadtländer, University of St. Thomas, in Microbe, 2007, Vol. 2, No. 7Table of ContentsIntroduction to Food Microbiology. Alphabetical Listing of Media. Appendix. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume presents information and techniques which are at the leading edge of microbial acid rain research and addresses a number of topical and important issues of global concern. Topics discussed include microbial responses to low pH and biogeochemical processes. Cycling of organic matter, microbial interactions with higher forms of biota, and the factors affecting these processes and interactions are described. This book is of special interest to researchers and those involved in management of acid - stressed waters.Table of ContentsMicrobes, Sediments, and Acidified Water: The Importance of Biological Buffering. Effects of Lake Acidification on Microbial Populations and Processes. Biogeochemical Cycling of Organic Matter in Acidic Environments: Are Microbial Degradative Processes Adapted to low pH? Microbial Biogeochemical Processes in a Naturally Acidic Wetland, The Okefenokee Swamp. Sulfur Biogeochemistry of an Acidic Lake in the Adirondack Region of New York. Epilithic Microbial Populations and Leaf Decomposition in Acid Stressed Streams. Algal Assemblages in Acid Stressed Lakes with Particular Emphasis on Diatoms and Chrysophytes. Diatom Stratigraphy in Acid Stressed Lakes in The Netherlands, Canada, and China. Protozoan Bacterivory in Acidified Waters: Methods of Analysis and the Effect of pH. Index. Highlights:

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Book SynopsisThe first edition of this book, published in 1982 by the University of Queensland Press, established itself as the main introductory textbook on marine parasitology. The second edition has been revised to take account of recent advances and includes an additional chapter on the structure of marine parasite communities. There are also new sections on pollution, translocations of hosts and parasites, and on the effects of parasites on the aquaculture of marine fish, molluscs and crustacea. The chapters covering ecological, zoogeographical and economic aspects have also been significantly changed. Aimed particularly at students and research workers in parasitology and marine biology, the book will also be of interest to ecologists, biologists concerned with zoogeographical problems, and to aquaculturists, fish and fisheries biologists.Table of Contents1: The nature of parasitism 2: The types of marine parasites 3: The variety of hosts of marine parasites 4: Parasites of parasites 5: General adaptations of parasitic animals 6: Host-parasite interactions 7: The ecological niches of parasites 8: The structure of parasite communities 9: Characteristics of parasite faunas of different seas 10: Economic and hygienic importance of marine parasites 11: Future research

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Book SynopsisMost previous publications on the classification of tapeworms (cestodes) have been based on compilations from the literature and are now dated. Thus there is a real need for up-to-date keys based on the re-examination of specimens and on a re-evaluation of the characters employed in cestode taxonomy. This book fulfils this need and provides keys to enable specialists and non-specialists to identify cestodes to generic level. The keys are dichotomous and are based largely on morphological characters. The authors have re-examined many specimens, including type specimens where possible. As a result, the keys reflect new ideas and have lead to reappraisals of cestode taxonomy, particularly at family and generic level, with many reallocations and synonymies. The authors include 19 international authorities from the UK, USA, Australia, Brazil, France, Norway, Italy, Switzerland, Poland, Bulgaria and the Ukraine. The book includes approximately 1700 illustrations and is a standard work on tapTable of Contents1: Key to the orders of the cestoda, A Jones, R A Bray, and L F Khalil 2: Order Amphilinidea, D I Gibson 3: Order Gyrocotylidea, D I Gibson 4: Order Spathebothriidea, D I Gibson 5: Order Caryophyllidea, J S Mackiewicz 6: Order Diphyllidea, L F Khalil 7: Order Trypanorhyncha, R A Campbell and I Beveridge 8: Order Tetraphyllidea, L Euzet 9: Order Lecanicephalidea, L Euzet 10: Order Pseudophyllidea, R A Bray, A Jones and K I Anderson 11: Order Haplobothriidea, A Jones 12: Order Nippotaeniidea, R A Bray 13: Order Proteocephalidea, A A Rego 14: Order Tetrabothriidea, E P Hoberg 15: Order Cyclophyllidea. Key to families, A Jones, R A Bray and L F Khalil 16: Family Mesocestoididae, R L Rausch 17: Family Anoplocephalidae, I Beveridge 18: Family Catenotaeniidae, J C Quentin 19: Family Nematotaeniidae, M K Jones 20: Family Progynotaeniidae, L F Khalil 21: Family Acoleidae, L F Khalil 22: Family Dioecocestidae, A Jones 23: Family Amabiliidae, A Jones 24: Family Davaineidae, A Jones and R A Bray 25: Family Dilepididae, F V Bona 26: Family Dipylidiidae, A Jones 27: Family Paruterinidae, B B Georgiev and V V Kornyushin 28: Family Metadilepididae, V V Kornyushin and B B Georgiev 29: Family Hymenolepididae, B Czaplinski and C Vaucher 30: Family Taeniidae, R L Rausch 31: Lists of genera, A Jones, R A Bray and L F Khalil

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Book SynopsisThe first comprehensive monograph on periphyton, this book contains contributions by scientists from around the globe. Multi-disciplinary in nature, it covers both basic and applied aspects of periphyton, and is applicable worldwide in natural, extensive and intensive managed systems. Periphyton, as described in this book, refers to the entire complex of attached aquatic biota on submerged substrates, including associated non-attached organisms and detritus. Thus the periphyton community comprises bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, zooplankton and other invertebrates. Periphyton is important for various reasons: as a major contributor to carbon fixation and nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems; as an important source of food in aquatic systems; as an indicator of environmental change. It can also be managed to improve water quality in lakes and reservoirs; it can greatly increase aquaculture production; it can be used in waste water treatment. The book provides an international reviewTable of Contents1: Periphyton and Aquatic Production: An Introduction, M E Azim, SaitamaUniversity, Japan, M C M Beveridge, A A van Dam, The Netherlandsand M C J Verdegem, 2: Periphyton Structure, Diversity and Colonization, M E Azim and T Asaeda,Saitama University, Japan 3: Periphyton Dynamics and Influencing Factors, J E Vermaat, VrijeUniversiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands 4: Periphyton in the Aquatic Ecosystem and Food Webs, R G Wetzel,University of North Carolina, USA 4: Periphyton in Freshwater Lakes and Wetlands, L G Goldsborough,University of Manitoba, Canada, R L McDougal, Ducks Unlimited Canada,Canada and A K North, Red River Basin Commission, CanadaEXPLOITATION 5: Utilization of Periphyton for Fish Production in Ponds: a Systems EcologyPerspective, A A van Dam and M C J Verdegem 6: Adaptations to Feeding in Herbivorous Fish (Cyprinidae and Cichlidae),F A Sibbing, Wageningen University, The Netherlands and F Witte, LeidenUniversity, The Netherlands 7: Traditional Brush Park Fisheries in Natural Waters, R L Welcomme,Imperial College of Science, Technology and Engineering, London, UK 8: Periphyton (Biofilms) as Biological Indicators in Managed AquaticEcosystems, S Sabater, University of Girona, Spain and W Admiraal,University of Amsterdam, The NetherlandsMANAGEMENT 9: Effect of Periphyton on Water Quality, A Milstein, Agriculture ResearchOrganization (ARO), Israel 10: Similarities between Microbial and Periphytic Biofilms in AquacultureSystems, M C J Verdegem, E H Eding, V Sereti, R N Munubi, R A Santacruz-Reyes, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, and A A van Dam 11: Periphyton-based Pond Polyculture, M E Azim and M A Wahab, BangladeshAgricultural University, Bangladesh 12: Research on Periphyton-based Aquaculture in India, P Keshavanath andB Gangadhar, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India 13: Periphyton-based Cage Aquaculture, S M H Huchette, University of Melbourne, Australia and M C M Beveridge 14: Utility of Added Substrates in Shrimp Culture, J H Tidwell,Kentucky State University, USA and D Bratvold, University of Georgia, USA 15: Importance of Periphyton in Abalone Culture, T Kawamura,University of Tokyo, Japan, R D Roberts, Cawthron Institute,New Zealand and H Takami, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute,Japan 14: Periphyton-based Aquaculture in Asia: Livelihoods and Sustainability,S W Bunting, M Karim, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK andM A Wahab 15: Periphyton Ecology, Exploitation and Management: Knowledge Gapsand Directions for Future Research, M C J Verdegem, A A van Dam,M E Azim and M C M Beveridge"

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Book SynopsisThe increasing use of integrated crop management, often requiring a reduction in the reliance upon chemical control, means that the need to rapidly identify pest nematodes has never been greater. This second edition of this standard reference work familiar to all plant nematologists is therefore even more useful than its predecessor published in 1986.The in-depth description of the life histories of the genera of the Tylenchida have been retained and brought up-to-date through the inclusion of all the research carried out between the publication of the last edition and this new edition. This expanded edition includes detailed diagnoses of well over 200 genera and familial and ordinal groups, and is well-illustrated with drawings of type or representative species. These, together with comprehensive lists of species and genera and their synonymies provide the foundation for the status and validation of each taxon within the Tylenchida. A considerable amount of information is provided regTable of Contents1: Introduction, historical review and techniques 2: Morphological characters and taxonomic methods 3: Order Tylenchida 4: Suborder Tylenchina 5: Infraorder Anguinata 6: Suborder Hoplolaimina 7: Superfamily Dolichodoroidea 8: Suborder Criconematina 9: Family Criconematidae 10: Suborder Hexatylina

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Book SynopsisFire blight is a major disease of apples, pears and certain woody ornamental plants. It is caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora. This organism was one of the first plant pathogenic bacteria to be extensively investigated, and has become a model for study by bacteriologists in the development of their subject. Written by leading research workers from the USA, Europe and New Zealand, this book is the first comprehensive volume for twenty years to address this subject.Table of Contents1: What is Fire Blight? Who is Erwinia amylovora? How to Control It? Joël L Vanneste, HortResearch, New Zealand Part I: The Disease 2: Epidemiology of Fire Blight, 3: Distribution and Economic Importance of Fire Blight, 4: Genetic Diversity and Host Range of Erwinia amylovora, 5: Migration of Erwinia amylovora in Host Plant Tissues, Part II: The Pathogen 6: Erwinia amylovora: General Characteristics, Biochemistry and Serology, 7: Exopolysaccharides of Erwinia amylovora: Structure, Biosynthesis, Regulation, Role in Pathogenicity of Amylovoran and Levan, 8: hrp Genes and Harpins of Erwinia amylovora: a Decade of Discovery, 9: Disease-specific Genes of Erwinia amylovora: Keys to Understanding Pathogenesis and Potential Targets for Disease Control, 10: Iron and Fire Blight: Role in Pathogenicity of Desferrioxamine E, the Main Siderophore of Erwinia amylovora, Part III: Control of Fire Blight 11: Chemical Control of Fire Blight, 12: The Development of Streptomycin-resistant Strains of Erwinia amylovora, 13: Breeding for Resistance to Fire Blight, 14: Transgenic Varieties and Rootstocks Resistant to Fire Blight, 15: Fire Blight Risk Assessment Systems and Models, 16: Biological Control of Fire Blight, 17: Integrated Orchard and Nursery Management for the Control of Fire Blight,

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Book SynopsisThis well illustrated book provides an historical and unified overview of a century and a half of research on the development, life cycles, transmission and evolution of the nematodes found in vertebrates throughout the world. This second, expanded edition includes relevant data from some 450 new references that have appeared from 1989 to 1999. The volume includes nematode parasites of humans, domestic animals and wildlife including fish. After an introductory chapter outlining general principles, the author systematically describes the biological characteristics of the 27 superfamilies of nematodes, followed by families, subfamilies, genera and species.Table of Contents1: Introduction PART I: CLASS SECERNENTEA 1: Order Rhabditida 2: Order Strongylida (The Bursate Nematodes) 3: Order Oxyurida 4: Order Ascaridida 5: Order Spirurida - Suborder Camallanina 6: Order Spirurida - Suborder SpirurinaPART II - CLASS ADENOPHOREA 7: Order Enoplida - Suborder Dioctophymatina 8: Order Enoplida - Suborder Trichinellina

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Book SynopsisThis volume provides background theory and practical protocols for bioassays of bacteria, viruses, fungi, microsporidia and nematodes that can be used as biological control agents against insect pests of agricultural and medical importance. In addition, experimental design and statistics, computational modelling for bioassay analysis, and relevant legislation are described. With contributions from internationally recognised scientists from their respective fields, this book will be of particular value to researchers both experienced and inexperienced in this area.Table of Contents1: Bioassays of Bacillus thuringiensis 2: Bioassays of Bacillus thuringiensis products used against agricultural pests, A Navon, The Volcani Center, Israel 3: Bioassays of genetically engineered Bacillus thuringiensis plant products, SR Sims, Whitmire Micro-Gen, USA 4: Bioassays of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, O Skovmand, Laboratoire de Lutte Contre Les Insects Nuisible, France and N Becker, German Mosquito Control Association, Germany 5: Production of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticides for experimental uses, S Braun, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel 6: Bioassays of replicating bacteria against soil-dwelling insect pests, TA Jackson and DJ Saville, Agresearch, New Zealand 7: Bioassays of entomopathogenic viruses, KA Jones, University of Greenwich, UK 8: Bioassays of entomogenous fungi, TM Butt, University of Wales, UK and MS Goettel, Lethbridge Research Centre, Canada 9: Bioassays of microsporidia, JV Maddox, WM Brooks, North Carolina State University, USA and LF Solter, Illinois Natural History Survey & Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, USA 10: Bioassays of entomopathogenic nematodes, I Glazer, The Volcani Center, Israel and EE Lewis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA 11: Statistical and computational analysis of bioassay data, R Marcus, The Volcani Center, Israel and DM Eaves, Simon Frazer University, Canada 12: Legislation affecting the collection, use and safe handling of entomopathogenic microbes and nematodes, D Smith, CABI Bioscience UK Centre (Egham), UK

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Book SynopsisThis major reference work contains essential information on arthropod-borne infections affecting humans and domesticated animals. The encyclopedia is a key reference source for anyone working in medical and veterinary science, and related fields. Features of The Encyclopedia of Arthropod-transmitted Infections are:150 entries, describing arboviral, viral, bacterial and rickettsial, spirochaetal, protozoal and filarial infections, and the vectors that transmit themInformation on disease distribution, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, transmission cycles, vector life-cycles, and treatment and control measures. Figures, tables and photographs illustrate the text. Following each entry is a selected bibliography, to aid further reading on the topicOver 80 different international authors, with expertise in medicine, veterinary science, parasitology, entomology, epidemiology, microbiology, and zoology have contributed to the encyclopedia.Table of Contents1: African horse sickness 2: Blackflies 3: Cat scratch disease 4: Epidemic haemorrhagic fever 5: Getah virus disease 6: Hepatozoonosis - canine 7: Louse-borne typhus 8: Malaria - avian 9: Malaria - human 10: Nairobi sheep disease 11: Omsk haemorrhagic fever 12: Powassan encephalitis 13: Q fever 14: Rickettsial pox 15: Stratford virus 16: Tataguine virus 17: Triatomine bugs 18: West Nile virus 19: Zika virus

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Book SynopsisThis second edition of the popular advanced student textbook (previously published as Worms and Disease: A Manual of Medical Helminthology) has been thoroughly updated and revised since it was first published in 1975. It includes contributions and a chapter by Prof. Derek Wakelin, University of Nottingham, UK. An authoritative handbook covering all human helminth infections with particular emphasis on diagnosis, treatment, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, epidemiology and control. Practical guidelines are given for estimating the clinical and public significance of helminthiases, vital in areas where the majority of inhabitants are infected with many helminths but only a few are sick.Table of Contents1: The Trematodes 2: The Cestodes 3: The Acanthocephalans 4: The Nematodes 5: Oher Groups 6: Immunology of Helminths 7: Epidemiological Aspects of Helminth Infections 8: Helminthological Techniques

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Book SynopsisThis book, in three volumes, presents a detailed revision of the systematics and taxonomy of the platyhelminth class Trematoda, subclasses Aspidogastrea and Digenea, with keys for the identification of these parasites at the superfamily, family, subfamily and generic levels.The trematodes are parasitic worms infecting all vertebrate groups and include families of significance to human and animal health, with considerable economic impact. Volume 1 covers the subclass Aspidogastrea and order Strigeida, while the second and third volumes will cover the orders Echinostomida and Plagiorchiida.Table of Contents1: Class Trematoda Rudolphi, 1808 2: Subclass Aspidogastrea Faust & Tang, 1936 3: Subclass Digenea Carus, 1863 4: Superfamily Azygioidea Liihe, 1909 5: Superfamily Bivesiculoidea Yamaguti, 1934 6: Superfamily BrachylaimoideaJoyeux & Foley, 1930 7: Family Brachylaimidae Joyeux & Foley, 1930 8: Family Hasstilesiidae Hall, 1916 9: Family Leucochloridiidae Poche, 1907 10: Family Leucochloridiomorphidae Yamaguti, 1958 11: Family Moreauiidae Johnston, 1915 12: Family Ovariopteridae Leonov, Spasskii & Kulikov, 1963 13: Family Panopistidae Yamaguti, 1958 14: Family Thapariellidae Srivastava 15: Superfamily Bucephaloidea Poche, 1907 16: Superfamily Clinostomoidea Lühe, 1901 17: Family Clinostomidae Lühe, 1901 18: Family Liolopidae Odhner, 1912 19: Superfamily Cyclocoeloidea Stossich, 1902 20: Family Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902 21: Family Eucotylidae Cohn, 1904 22: Family Typhlocoelidae Harrah, 1922 23: Superfamily Diplostomoidea Poirier, 1886 24: Family Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886 25: Family Bolbocephalodidae Strand, 1935 26: Family Brauninidae Wolf, 1903 27: Family Cyathocotylidae Mühling, 1898 28: Family Proterodiplostomidae Dubois, 1936 29: Family Strigeidae Railliet, 1919 30: Superfamily Gymnophalloidea Odhner, 1905 31: Family Gymnophallidae Odhner, 1905 32: Family Botulisaccidae Yamaguti, 1971 33: Family Callodistomidae Odhner, 1910 34: Family Fellodistomidae Nicoll, 1909 35: Family Tandanicolidae Johnston, 1927 36: Superfamily Hemiuroidea Looss, 1899 37: Family Hemiuridae Looss, 1899 38: Family Accacoeliidae Odhner, 1911 39: Family Bathycotylidae Dollfus, 1932 40: Family Derogenidae Nicoll, 1910 41: Family Dictysarcidae Skrjabin & Guschanskaja, 1955 42: Family Hirudinellidae Dollfus, 1932 43: Family Isoparorchiidae Travassos, 1922 44: Family Lecithasteridae Odhner, 1905 45: Family Ptychogonimidae Dollfus, 1937 46: Family Sclerodistomidae Odhner, 1927 47: Family Sclerodistomoididae Gibson & Bray, 1979 48: Family Syncoeliidae Looss, 1899 49: Superfamily Schistosomatoidea Stiles & Hassall, 1898 50: Family Schistosomatidae Stiles & Hassall, 1898 51: Family Sanguinicolidae von Graff, 1907 52: Family Spirorchiidae Stunkard, 1921 53: Superfamily Transversotrematoidea Witenberg, 1944

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Book SynopsisThis is the third of three volumes of Keys to the Trematoda, a series on the systematics and identification of the Class Trematoda. It covers five superfamilies with the Order Plagiorchiida and the family Didymozoidae, with the keys for their identification at the family, subfamily and generic levels. It also includes a key to all dignean superfamilies, including those treated in detail in volumes oneand two.Trade Review"Keys to the Trematoda will become the standard reference on the group for many years. Given the infrequency of appearance of such large works, this is likely to remain the definitive work for the first half of this century and to find a place on book-shelves all over the planet." David Blair, School of Tropical Biology, Australia "...we consider the Keys to represent a valuable contribution to taxonomic research on trematodes...Keys to the Trematoda will undoubtedly represent an indispensable source of basic information about the systematics of these helminths." Scholz & Horak, Folia Parasitologica, 2003 "The editors and the authors have succeeded in preparing a book which is valuable to experts, practising Parasitologists and beginners, and they should be congratulated on their great success" Zdzislaw Swiderski & Boyko B. Georgiev Acta Parasitologica, 2005, 50(4)"Table of Contents1: Introduction and Key to Superfamilies 2: Superfamily Opisthorchioidea Looss, 1899 3: Family Opisthorchiidae Looss, 1899 4: Family Cryptogonimidae Ward, 1917 5: Family Heterophyidae Leiper, 1909 6: Superfamily Monorchioidea Odhner, 1911 7: Family Monorchiidae Odhner, 1911 8: Family Lissorchiidae Magath, 1917 9: Superfamily Gorgoderoidea Looss, 1899 10: Family Gorgoderidae Looss, 1899 11: Family Anchitrematidae Mehra, 1935 12: Family Brachycoeliidae Looss, 1899 13: Family Braunotrematidae Yamaguti, 1958 14: Family Collyriclidae Ward, 1917 15: Family Cortrematidae Yamaguti, 1958 16: Family Dicrocoeliidae Looss, 1899 17: Family Mesocoeliidae Dollfus, 1929 18: Family Orchipedidae Skrjabin, 1913 19: Family Paragonimidae Dollfus, 1939 20: Family Prouterinidae Foreyt, Schell & Beyer, 1996 21: Family Troglotrematidae Odhner, 1914 22: Superfamily Plagiorchioidea Lühe, 1901 23: Family Plagiorchiidae Luhe, 1901 24: Family Auridistomidae Stunkard, 1924 25: Family Cephalogonimidae Looss, 1899 26: Family Choanocotylidae Jue Sue & Platt, 1998 27: Family Dolichoperoididae Johnston & Angel, 1940 28: Family Echinoporidae Krasnolobova & Timofeeva, 1965 29: Family Encyclometridae Mehra, 1931 30: Family Gekkonotrematidae Yamaguti, 1971 31: Family Glypthelminthidae Cheng, 1959 32: Family Haematoloechidae Freitas & Lent, 1939 33: Family Leptophallidae Dayal, 1938 34: Family Macroderoididae McMullen, 1937 35: Family Meristocotylidae Fischthal & Kuntz, 1964 36: Family Mesotretidae Poche, 1926 37: Family Ocadiatrematidae Fischthal & Kuntz, 1981 38: Family Omphalometridae Looss, 1899 39: Family Opisthogonimidae Travassos, 1928 40: Family Orientocreadiidae Yamaguti, 1958 41: Family Reniferidae Pratt, 1902 42: Family Styphlotrematidae Baer, 1924 43: Family Telorchiidae Looss, 1899 44: Family Thrinascotrematidae Jue Sue & Platt, 1999 45: Family Urotrematidae Poche, 1926 46: Superfamily Microphalloidea Ward, 1901 47: Family Microphallidae Ward, 1901 48: Family Anenterotrematidae Yamaguti, 1958 49: Family Diplangidae Yamaguti, 1971 50: Family Eumegacetidae Travassos, 1922 51: Family Exotidendriidae Mehra, 1935 52: Family Faustulidae Poche, 1926 53: Family Gyrabascidae Macy, 1935 54: Family Lecithodendriidae Luhe, 1901 55: Family Leyogonimidae Dollfus, 1951 56: Family Pachypsolidae Yamaguti, 1958 57: Family Phaneropsolidae Mehra, 1935 58: Family Pleurogenidae Looss, 1899 59: Family Prosthogonimidae Luhe, 1909 60: Family Renicolidae Dollfus, 1939 61: Family Renschetrematidae Yamaguti, 1971 62: Family Stomylotrematidae Poche, 1926 63: Family Taiwantrematidae Fischthal & Kuntz, 1981 64: Family Zoogonidae Odhner, 1902 65: Family Didymozoidae Monticelli, 1888 66: Genera incertae sedis, genera inquirenda, nomina nuda, larval or collective names and recently erected genera

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Book SynopsisParasites have evolved numerous complex and fascinating ways of interacting with their hosts. The subject attracts the interest of numerous biologists from the perspective of ecology and behavioural biology, as well as from those concerned with more applied aspects of parasitology. However, until now there has been no recent book to synthesize this field.This book, written by leading authorities from the USA, Europe, Australia and New Zealand, provides the most comprehensive coverage of this important topic on the market.Table of ContentsPart I: Foraging for Hosts 1: Trematode transmission strategies, C Combes, Université Perpignan, France, P Bartoli, Campus Universitaire de Luminy, France and A Théron, Université Perpignan, France 2: Entomopathogenic nematode host-search strategies, J F Campbell and E E Lewis 3: Flexibility in host-search and patch-use strategies of insect parasitoids, L E M Vet, L Hemerik, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, M E Visser, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, The Netherlands and F L Wäckers, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Part II: Host Acceptance and Infection 4: Host discrimination by seed parasites, F J Messina, Utah State University, USA 5: Soil and plant interactions’ impact on plant-parasitic nematode host finding and recognition, A F Robinson, USDA-ARS, USA 6: Environmental control of nematode life cycles, M E Viney, University of Bristol, UK Part III: Interactions among parasites within host 7: The interactions between larval parasitoids and their hosts, M R Strand, University of Georgia, USA 8: Inter-specific interactions in trematode communities, K Lafferty, University of California, USA 9: Niche restriction and mate finding in vertebrate hosts, K Rohde, University of New England, Australia 10: Parasite sex determination, R E L Paul, Institut Pasteur, France Part IV: Parasite-Host Interactions 11: Interactions between intestinal nematodes and vertebrate hosts, M V K Sukhdeo, S C Sukhdeo and A D Bansemir, Rutgers University, USA 12: Parasite manipulation of host behaviour, R Poulin, University of Otago, New Zealand 13: Parasite manipulation of vector behaviour, J G C Hamilton and H Hurd, Keele University, UK 14: Parasite virulence, J Schall, University of Vermont, USA 15: The behavioural ecology of social parasitism in ants, R J Stuart, University of Florida, USA Part V: Synthesis 16: Parasite behavioural ecology in a field of diverse perspectives, E E Lewis, J F Campbell and M V K Sukhdeo

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