Microbiology (non-medical) Books

Book SynopsisMichael T. Madigan has taught courses in introductory Microbiology and Bacterial Diversity for 33 years as a Professor of Microbiology at the Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Mike's research focuses on phototrophic bacteria that inhabit extreme environments, and for the past 20 years, his emphasis has been Antarcticmicrobiology. Kelly S. Bender is' an Associate Professor at Southern Illinois University Carbondale and has served as Chair of the SIUC Department of Microbiology since 2018. Kelly teaches courses in introductory Microbiology and Microbial Diversity, and her lab studies a range of topics, including regulation of sulphate-reducing bacteria and the microbial community dynamics of sites impacted by acid mine drainage. Daniel H. Buckley is a Professor at Cornell University in the School of Integrative Plant Science and the Department of Microbiology. He has taught both introductory and advanced courses in Microbiology, Microbial Diversity, and Microbial Genomics. He currently serves on the editorial boards of Applied and Environmental Microbiology and Environmental Microbiology. Matthew Sattleyis a Professor of Biology at the Division of Natural Sciences, Indiana Wesleyan University (IWU), and has served as the Director of the Hodson Summer Research Institute, a faculty-led summer research program for undergraduate students in the Natural Sciences. Matt's research group investigates the ecology, diversity, and genomics of bacteria that inhabit extreme environments. David A. Stahl is a Professor in the Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and M

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Book SynopsisDespite being recognized and fought against over countless centuries, human viral pathogens continue to cause major public health problems worldwidekilling millions of people and costing billions of dollars in medical care and lost productivity each year. With contributions from specialists in their respective areas of viral pathogen research, Molecular Detection of Human Viral Pathogens provides a reliable reference on molecular detection and identification of major human viral pathogens.Each chapter briefly reviews the classification, epidemiology, clinical features, and diagnosis of one related viral pathogen or a group of them. The clinical sample collection and preparation procedures are outlined, and a selection of representative stepwise molecular detection protocols is covered. The chapters conclude with a discussion on further research requirements relating to improved diagnosis. With its judicious selection of streamlined, readyTable of ContentsAndes virus. Astrovirus. Australian bat lassavirus. Avian Influenza virus (eg, H5Nl). BK and JC viruses. Bayou virus. Borna disease virus. Bovine papular stomatitis and pseudocowpox viruses. Bunyamwera virus. California encephalitis virus (and La Crosse virus). Central European encephalitis virus. Cercopithecine herpes virus 1 (B virus). Changuinola virus. Chikungunya virus. Colorado tick fever viruses. Cowpox virus. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (and Hazara virus). Dengue hemorrhagic fever viruses 1-4. Dobrava virus. Eastern equine encephalitis virus. Ebola virus (Zaire, Sudan, Reston and Ivory Coast). Encephalomyocarditis virus. Equine morbillivirus. European bat lyssaviruses I and 2. Foot and mouse disease virus. Guanarito virus (Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever). Hantaan group viruses(eg, Hantaan, Dobrava and Seoul viruses). Hendra virus. Hepatitis A and E viruses. Hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis C virus. Hepatitis D virus. Hepatitis G virus. Human adenovirus serogroups A-F. Human bocavirus. Human coronaviruses (eg, 229E, OC43, NL63 (SARS) and HKU1). Human coxsackieviruses (eg, A-B). Human echoviruses. Human enteroviruses A-D. Human foamy virus. Human herpesviruses 1 and 2 (Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2). Human herpesvirus 3 (Varicella-Zoster virus). Human herpesvirus 4 (Epstein-Barr virus). Human herpesvirus 5 (cytomegalovirus plus HPV 6 and 7). Human herpesvirusse 6 and 7). Human herpesviruses 8 (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus). Human immunodeficiency viruses 1 and 2. Human metapneumovirus. Human papillomaviruses 1-7. Human parainfluenza viruses 1 and 3. Human parainfluenza viruses 2 and 4. Human parechovirus. Human parvovirus BI9 virus. Human respiratory syncytial virus. Human rhino viruses A and B. Human T lymphotropic virus types 1-4. Influenza A-C viruses. Japanese encephalitis virus. Junin virus (Argentine hemorrhagic fever). Kemerovo virus. LagIDla Negra virus. Lassa fever virus. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Marburg viruses. Mayaro virus. Measles virus. Menangle virus. Metapneumovirus. Molluscum contagiosum virus. Monkeypox virus. Mumps virus. Murray Valley encephalitis virus. Newcastle disease virus. Nipah virus. Norovirus. Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus. Orf virus. Oriboca virus. Oropouche virus. Orthoreovirus (eg, TlL, T2J and T3D). Parvovirus B 19. Picobimavirus. Piry virus. Poliovirus. Pseudocowpox virus. Puumala virus. Rabies virus. Rift Valley fever virus. Ross River virus. Rotavirus (groups A-C). Rubella virus. Sapoviruses. Seal parapoxvirus. Sin Nombre group viruses (eg, Sin Nombre and Laguna Negra viruses). Sindbis virus. Slow virus diseases (eg, prions). St. Louis encephalitis virus. Tanapox virus (and Yabapoxvirus). Thogotovirus (influenza D). Tickborne encephalitis virus. Toscana virus. TT virus. Usutu virus. Vaccinia virus. Variola virus. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Vesicular stomatitis virus. West Nile virus. Western equine encephalitis virus. Whitewater Arroyo virus. Yabapox virus. Yellow fever virus. Zika virus.

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Book Synopsis1 Male Homosexuality: Cultural Perspectives.- 2 Bacterial Infections.- 3 Viral Infections.- 4 Protozoal Infections.- 5 Hepatitis.- 6 Genital Warts.- 7 Syphilis.- 8 AIDS: Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects.- 9 AIDS: Counselling and Support.- 1.- 2.- 10 AIDS and Homosexuality in Britain: A Historical Perspective.Table of Contents1 Male Homosexuality: Cultural Perspectives.- 2 Bacterial Infections.- 3 Viral Infections.- 4 Protozoal Infections.- 5 Hepatitis.- 6 Genital Warts.- 7 Syphilis.- 8 AIDS: Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects.- 9 AIDS: Counselling and Support.- 1.- 2.- 10 AIDS and Homosexuality in Britain: A Historical Perspective.

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Book SynopsisStructure of a human rhinovirus complexed with its receptor molecule.- Cascade regulation of vaccinia virus gene expression.- Regulation of alpha and gamma gene expression in cells infected with herpes simplex viruses.- Transcriptional activation by the adenovirus E1A proteins.- Mechanisms regulating nucleocapsid formation of the hepatitis B viruses.- Transcriptional activation by the hepatitis B virus X protein.- Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus structural protein expression and virion formation.- Transcription factors of the ETS family: The example of C-ETS1.- Infectious influenza viruses from cDNA-derived RNA: reverse genetics.- Structure and function of the vesicular stomatitis virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.- RNA Synthesis and mRNA Editing in Paramyxovirus Infections.- Antigenic variation of human respiratory syncytial virus G Glycoprotein: Genetic mechanisms and evolutionary significance.- Translation regulation by reovirus structural proteins.- The regulation of Coronavirus gene expression.- Interaction of initiation factors and capsid protein with the cap structure of chimaeric MRNAS containing the 5? untranslated regions of the RNAS of semliki forest virus.- Aspects of the molecular biology of poliovirus replication.- 3CD Cleavage of the poliovirus P1 precursor: a model for complex proteinase/substrate interactions.- Studies on the mechanism of internal initiation of translation on poliovirus RNA.- Picornavirus Variation.- Modification of membrane permeability by animal viruses.- Miguel Angel Sanz and Ma José Ayala, Poliovirus neurovirulence and its attenuation.Table of ContentsStructure of a Human Rhinovirus Complexed with its Receptor Molecule; N.H. Olson, et al. Cascade Regulation of Vaccinia Virus Gene Expression; B. Moss. Transcriptional Activation by the Adenovirus E1A Proteins; B.A. Lewis, T. Shenk. Mechanisms Regulating Nucleocapsid Formation of the Hepatitis B Viruses; R. Bartenschlager, H. Schaller. Transcriptional Activation by the Hepatitis B Virus X Protein; R. Lucito, R.J. Schneider. Transcription Factors of the ETS Family; K. Macleod, et al. Structure and Function of the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase; S. Barik, et al. RNA Synthesis and mRNA Editing in Paramyxovirus Infections; J. Curran, et al. Translational Regulation by Reovirus Structural Proteins; A.J. Shatkin, et al. The Regulation of Coronavirus Gene Expression; S.G. Siddell. Aspects of the Molecular Biology of Poliovirus Replication; J. Harber, E. Wimmer. 9 additional articles. Index.

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Book SynopsisPopulation genomics is a rapidly emerging field that has the potential to transform our understanding of how evolutionary forces shape genomic diversity among microbes. There have already been considerable advances in understanding gene flow and spread of adaptive traits, and in linking epidemiology with evolutionary biology. The current challenge is to find unifying evolutionary principles for organisms that display a wide range of reproductive biology – from highly clonal to promiscuous – and for which the vast majority have eluded cultivation. This requires interdisciplinary approaches that incorporate novel computational tools, testing of existing and novel population genetic models, and creative new ways of linking genetic diversity to ecological factors. This pioneering book will discuss the advances made and promises of population genomics in microorganisms, outlining some of the key theoretical and practical challenges for microbial population genomics, including defining and identifying populations, genomics-based reverse ecology and building appropriate tools to understand microbes in a variety of complex environments.Table of ContentsPrefaceI. Concepts and perspectives1. Microbial Population Genomics Perspectives and Promises Martin Polz, MITOm Rajora, Umiversity of New Brunswick2. Population Genomics and Microbial Species Concept Jesse Shapiro, University of Montreal3. Population Genomics and Metagenomics Jill Banfield, University of California BerkeleyVincent Denef, University of Michigan4. Reverse Ecology Martin Polz, MIT5. Genomic and Computational Methods in Microbial Population GenomicsXavier Didelot, Imperial CollegeDaniel Falush, Swansea UniversityEric Alm, MITII. Population Genomics of Bacteria 6. Population Genomics of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria David Guttman, University of TorontoBoris Vinatzer, Virginia Tech7. Population Genomics of Human Pathogenic Bacteria Bill Hanage, Harvard School of Public HealthEd Feil, University of BathNick Croucher, Imperial College8. Population Genomics of Symbiotic Bacteria Nancy Moran, University of Texas, Austin9. Population Genomics of Dairy Industrial Bacteria Paul W. O’Toole, University College, CorkPaola Cremonesi, NRC, Italy10. Population Genomics of Environmental Bacteria and Archaea Rachel Whitaker, University of Illinois, Urbana-ChampaignDaniel Buckley, Cornell UniversityThane Papke, University of ConnecticutFrancisco Rodriguez-Valera, University Miguel HernandezIII. Population Genomics of Fungi11. Population Genomics of Plant Pathogenic Fungi Michael G. Milgroom, Cornell University 12. Population Genomics of Human Pathogenic Fungi Bruce McDonald, ETH Zurich Institute of Integrative Biology13. Population Genomics and Yeast Biodiversity and Evolution Cletus P Kurtzman, USDA ARSGianni Liti, Institute of Genetics, University of Nottingham Mathew R. Goddard, University of Auckland, University of Lincoln14. Population Genomics of Domestication in Yeast Edward J. Louis, Institute of Genetics, University of Nottingham;José Paulo Sampaio, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, PortugalIV. Population Genomics of Viruses 15. Population Genomics of Human Viruses Richard A. Neher, Max Planck Institute of Developmental BiologyFrancois Balloux, University of Cambridge16. Population Genomics of Plant Viruses Zhongguo Xiong, University of ArizonaH.C. Prasanna, Indian Institute of Vegetable Research17. Population Genomics of Bacterial Viruses Mathew Sullivan, University of Ohio18. Population Genomics of Insect Viruses Robert S. Cornman, Bee Research Lab, USDA-ARSClement Gilbert, Universite de PoitiersIndex

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the significance of soil microbial diversity to understand its utility in soil functions, ecosystem services, environmental sustainability, and achieving the sustainable development goals. With a focus on agriculture and environment, the book highlights the importance of the microbial world by providing state-of-the-art technologies for examining the structural and functional attributes of soil microbial diversity for applications in healthcare, industrial biotechnology, and bioremediation studies. In seven chapters, the book will act as a primer for students, environmental biotechnologists, microbial ecologists, plant scientists, and agricultural microbiologists. Chapter 1 introduces readers to the soil microbiome, and chapter 2 discusses the below ground microbial world. Chapter 3 addresses various methods for exploring microbial diversity, chapter 4 discusses the genomics methods, chapter 5 provides the metaproteomics and metatranscriptomics approaches and chapter 6 details the bioinformatics tools for soil microbial community analysis, and chapter 7 concludes the text with future perspectives on further soil microbial uses and applications. Table of ContentsChapter1: Introduction.- Chapter2: Belowground microbial communities: A key players for soil and environmental Sustainability.- Chapter3: Methods for exploring soil microbial diversity.- Chapter4: Genomics based methods for microbial diversity analysis from soils.-Chapter5: Metaproteomics and metatranscriptomics for microbial communities profiling.- Chapter6: Bioinformatics tools for soil microbial community analysis.- Chapter7: Conclusion and future perspectives

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Book SynopsisThis book puts emphasis on the isolation, taxonomy, diagnosis (phenotypic, serology and molecular biology), epizootiology, pathogenicity mechanisms, and methods of disease control (by vaccination, immunostimulation, probiotics, prebiotics, plant products, and antimicrobial compounds. Co-infections, which are attributed to more than one microbial species have been discussed. Shortcomings in knowledge have been highlighted. This sixth edition is the successor to the original version, first published in 1987, and which fills the need for an up-to-date comprehensive text on the biological aspects of the bacterial taxa which cause disease in finfish. The book is primarily targeted at researcher workers, including postgraduate students, and diagnosticians. It is anticipated that the readership will include veterinary microbiologists, public health scientists and microbial ecologists. Trade Review“The purpose is to provide up-to-date information on emerging technology available for pathogen identification in farm-raised fish. … This book clearly meets their objectives in defining and describing the bacterial pathogens of fish. The audience is aquatic microbiologists. Any investigator could learn and immediately use the techniques described in this book. … This book presents updates on the exploding technology available for pathogen identification.” (Dennis D. French, Doody's Book Reviews, February, 2017)Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. Gram-positive bacteria (anaerobes and lactic acid bacteria’).- 3. Aerobic Gram-positive rods and cocci.- 4. Aeromonadaceae representatives (motile aeromonads).- 5. Aeromonadaceae representative (Aeromonas salmonicida).- 6. Enterobacteriaceae representatives.- 7. Flavobacteria and cytophagas.- 8.Francisellaceae representatives.- 9. Pseudomonads.- 10.- Vibrios.- 11. Miscellaneous pathogens.- 12. Isolation/detection.- 13.- Diagnosis.- 14. Control.- 15. Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisWeshalb ist ein Frosch grün? Wie viel Energie benötigt ein Bakterium, um sich zu verdoppeln? Von den Grundlagen des Stoffwechsels über die Vielfalt der Mikroorganismen bis hin zu den Prozessen, die sich im Meer oder bei einer Infektionskrankheit abspielen, erläutert der Autor anhand von Beispielen die grundlegenden Zusammenhänge der Mikrobiologie. Kompakt und doch anspruchsvoll, bietet das Buch einen idealen Einstieg in das Fachgebiet. Die 4. Auflage wurde gründlich überarbeitet und erstmals mit vielen farbigen Bildern ausgestattet.Trade ReviewGut gelungen ist der Aufbau der einzelnen Kapitel: Die Formulierung der Lernziele gibt dem Leser sofort einen Überblick über das zu vermittelnde Wissen. Ebenfalls lobenswert ist das Glossar am Ende jedes Kapitels.(...) Insgesamt fasst dieses für Schüler, Studierende und alle Interessierten empfehlenswerte Buch die Mikrobiologie überschaubar zusammen. (wissenschaft-online.de, September 2010)“Das gut eingeführte Lehrbuch … Iiegt nunmehr in der 4., überarbeiteten und aktualisierten Auflage vor ... Viele Abbildungen und Texte wurden überarbeitet und neue Fotos sind hinzugekommen. ... Weiterhin sehr gut geeignet für Bibliotheken an Hochschulstandorten.“ (in: ekz-Informationsdienst, 2010, Vol. 2010/29)“... bietet das Buch eine Grundlage zum Verständnis der Mikrobiologie, vor allem für Schüler der oberen Klassenstufen und Studierende irn Bachelorstudium. ... Der Schreibstil ist gut verständlich. … gibt dem Leser sofort einen Überblick über das zu vermittelnde Wissen. ... lobenswert ist das Glossar am Ende jedes Kapitels. … Wichtige Begriffe oder Schlagwörter sind fett gedruckt … Tabellen ... fassen wichtige Vergleiche und Zusammenhänge übersichtlich, einfach verständlich und textunterstützend zusammen. ... fasst dieses für Schüler, Studierende und alle Interessierten ernpfehlenswerte Buch die Mikrobiologie überschaubar zusammen.“ (Melanie Wirth, in: spektrumdirekt, 20/September/2010)Table of ContentsMikrobiologie – Wissenschaft von unsichtbaren Lebewesen.- Aufbau der Zelle – der Grundbedarf des Lebendigen.- Spezielle Morphologie von Prokaryoten.- Eukaryotische Mikroorganismen.- Viren.- Mikrobiologische Methoden.- Klassifizierung und Grundstruktur des phylogenetischen Stammbaums.- Wachstum von Mikroben.- Allgemeine Bioenergetik.- Transport.- Abbau eines Zuckermoleküls.- Regulation.- Elektronentransport und chemiosmotische Energiekonservierung.- Gärungen.- Anaerobe Atmungsprozesse.- Lithotrophie – Verwertung anorganischer Elektronendonatoren.- Mikrobielle Ökologie und Biogeochemie.- Wie das Leben angefangen haben könnte.- Biotechnologie und Umweltmikrobiologie.- Humanpathogene Mikroben und Viren.- Hundert Namen, die man kennen könnte.

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Book SynopsisDieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.Table of ContentsA. Allgemeiner Teil.- I. Vorschriften, Anleitungen usw. über das Arbeiten und den Verkehr mit Krankheitserregern.- Bekanntmachung des Reichskanzlers, betr. Vorschriften über Krankheitserreger vom 21. 11. 1917 und 17. 12. 1921.- Verfügung des Reichspostministeriums betr. Postversand von Urinproben.- Anweisung des Bundesrats zur Bekämpfung der Cholera vom 9. 12. 1915.- Ratschläge des Kais. Gesundheitsamtes für Ärzte bei Typhus und Ruhr.- Anweisung für die tierärztliche Feststellung der Tuberkulose. Ausführung der bakteriol. Untersuchung. (Ausführungsvorschriften des Bundesrats zum V.S.G. vom 7. 12. 1911.- Vorschriften für die Nachprüfung des amtstierärztlichen Gutachtens bei Milzbrand, Rauschbrand, Wild- und Rinderseuche (Anlage zum preuß. Ausführungsges. zum V.S.G.).- Anweisung für den biologischen Pferdefleischnachweis mittels der Präzipitation (Anlage a zum deutschen Reichsfleischbeschaugesetze vom 3. 6. 1900).- Anleitung für die Ausführung der Wassermannschen Reaktion.- II. Entnahme und Verpackung von Untersuchungsmaterial.- 1. Blut.- 2. Eiter.- 3. Sputum.- 4. Rachen- und Nasensekret und Belag.- 5. Exsudate und Transsudate.- 6. Fäzes.- 7. Harn.- 8. Fleisch für die bakteriologische Fleischbeschau.- 9. Milch.- 10. Wasser.- III. Regeln für bakteriologische Arbeiten.- IV. Das bakteriologische Laboratorium.- 1. Der Arbeitsraum und Arbeitsplatz Laboratorium, Mobiliar, Arbeitstisch, Waseerzu- und -abfluß, Heiz- und Leuchtgas, elektrischer Strom usw., Abfälle..- 2. Das Mikroskop Ankauf, Mikroskop, Dunkelfeld, Mikroskopieren, Mikrometer.- 3. Sonstige Gebrauchsgegenstände für mikroskopische Arbeiten.- Objektträger, Deckgläser, Reinigung derselben, Pinzetten, Färbegestell, Platinnadel, Schätzung von Bakterienmengen, Scheren, Messer, Spatel, Präparatenkästen, Reagenzgläser, Flaschen usw., Meßkolben usw., Pipetten usw., Wagen, Zentrifugen, Luftpumpen..- 4. Sonstige Gebrauchsgegenstände für kulturelle Arbeiten.- Trocken- und Dampfsterilisatoren, sowie deren Einsätze, Petrischalen und sonstige Kulturgefäße, Brutschränke mit Wärmereglern, Kühlanlagen, Bakterienfiltration, Schüttelapparate, Trockenapparate..- 5. Sonstige Gebrauchsgegenstände für Tierversuche.- Versuchstiere, Vorrats- und Zuchtkäfige, Fütterung und Haltung, Züchtung und Ankauf, Operationshalter und -brett, Injektionsspritzen und Infusionsapparat, Inhalations- und Zerstäubungs-apparate, Sektionsbretter und -Instrumente..- B. Bakteriologischer Teil.- I. Die mikroskopische Untersuchung.- 1. Entnahme und Versand von Untersuchungsmaterial.- 2. Anreicherungsverfahren; Ausschleudern, Absetzen, Ausschütteln, Niederschlagen; Homogenisieren, Tuberkelbazillenanreicherung im Sputum, Verfahren mit Ammoniak nach Hammerl, mit Wasserstoffsuperoxyd nach Sachs-Mücke, Doppelmethode nach Ellermann und Erlandsen, Antiforminverfahren nach Uhlenhuth und Xylander, Modifikation von Hundeshagen, Schulte, Distaso, Loeffler; Ligroinverfahren nach Lange und Nitzsche, Abänderung nach Bernhardt, Niederschlagsmethode nach Ditthorn, Schultz, Fejér und Arpad. Mastixemulsionsverfahren nach Pfeiffer und Robitschek; Homogenisierung des Lungenauswurfs vom Rind, des Uterusausflusses vom Rind, der Milch, der Fäzes, tierischer Gewebe und des Blutes; Anreicherungsverfahren nach Hilgermann und Zitek; Anreicherung von Protozoen, Parasiteneiern und Milben.- 3. Das ungefärbte Präparat.- a) Das Deckglaspräparat.- b) Der hängende Tropfen.- c) Das einfache Bewegungspräparat.- d) Untersuchung im Dunkelfeld.- 4. Das gefärbte Deckglas- und Objektträgerpräparat.- a) Herstellung des Ausstriches und dicker Blutstropfen.- b) Trocknen und Fixieren.- c) Auflösung der Blutkörperchen, Fetttröpfchen und Granula.- d) Färben.- e) Entfärben.- f) Auflegen.- 5. Das Schnittpräparat.- a) Das Härten, Fixieren.- ?) Die Gefriermethode.- ?) Die Fixation; Härtung in Alkohol, Formalin, Sublimat, Müllerscher Flüssigkeit, Flemmingscher Lösung, Schnellhärtung nach Henke, Lubarsch, Scholz.- b) Die Entkalkung.- c) Die Paraffin- und Zelloidineinbettung.- d) Das Schneiden.- e) Das Färben des Schnitts.- 6. Die Färbeverfahren.- a) Farben. Anilinfarben, basische, saure und Neutralfarben, Färbeprozeß, Beizen usw.- b) Farblösungen, Beizen, Fixationsmittel usw.- Anhang: Härtungs-, Konservierungsflüssigkeiten usw.- c) Färbeverfahren für Ausstriche und Schnitte; Übersicht.- A. Universalmethoden, vorwiegend für Schnitte.- Nach Loeffler, mit Gentianaviolett, nach Kühne mit Karbolmethylenblau, nach Saathoff-Pappenheim mit Methylgrünpyronin, nach Nicolle mit Karbolthionin oder Methylenblau und Tannin, nach Pfeiffer mit Karbolfuchsin, Burrisches Tuscheverfahren, vitale Färbung..- B. Verfahren zur isolierten und Kontrastfärbung von Bakterien und Blutparasiten.- Orcein-Methylenblaufärbung nach Zieler, mit polychromem Methylenblau nach Fränkel, Doppelfärbung nach Manson, Romanowsky, Laveran, Methylenblau-Eosinfärbung für Ausstriche, mit eosinsaurem Methylenblau nach May- Grünwald, nach Ziemann, Verfahren nach Giemsa, Neißer, Sommerfeld, Pick — Jakobsohn, Malachitgrünfärbung nach Loeffler, Doppelfärbung nach Apel, Eosin — Azurfärbung nach Goodall, mit Fuchsin- und Patentblau nach Frosch, für Nekrosebazillen nach Jensen und Ernst, mit Kadmium-Methylenblau nach Quensel..- C. Gramsche Verfahren.- Gramsche Verfahren für Ausstriche und Schnitte, Abänderungen von Weigert — Kühne, mit Pikrinsäuremethyl — violett nach Claudius, mit Anilinwasser-Safranin nach Babes..- D. Kapselfärbung.- Nach Johne, Olt, Klett, Friedländer, Ribbert, Hoffmann, Boni, Tuscheverfahren nach Gins, v. Riemsdijk, für Schnittpräparate nach Friedländer..- E. Sporenfärbung.- Nach Koch, Hauser, Möller, Klein, Aujesky, Loeffler, Bunge, Waldmann, Weitzmann usw..- F. Geißelfärbung.- Nach Ficker, Loeffler, Zettnow, Peppier, Tribondeau, Fichet und Dubreuil, Bunge, Casares- Gil..- G. Färbung von Tuberkelbazillen und anderen säurefesten Bakterien.- I. Für Ausstrichpräparate. Übersicht über die Leistungsfähigkeit der gebräuchlichsten Verfahren; Verfahren nach Ziehl — Neelsen, Günther; gesetzliche Vorschriften, Verfahren nach Ehrlich, Hüllen- und Pikrinmethode nach Spengler, Verfahren nach Jötten-Haarmann, Bender, Kerssenboom, Schädel, Kayser, Ulrichs, Konrich, Schulte — Tigges, Herman, Kronberger, Czaplewski, Fränkel — Gabbet, Much, Weiß, mit Fettfarbstoffen, Leuchtbildverfahren nach Hoffmann und Koshverfahren nach Preis..- II. Für Schnittpräparate Verfahren nach Koch-Ehrlich, Schmorl, Baumgarten (für Leprabazillen)..- H. Färbung der Spirochäten.- Nachweis im Dunkelfeld, Verfahren nach Shamine, Ölze, Silberstein, Osmium-Giemsa-Tanninverfahren nach Hoff mann, Schnellfärbung mit Giemsalösung nach Hoffmann, Tuscheverfahren nach Burri, Silberimprägnation nach Fontana — Schneemann, Verfahren nach Becker, Schaudinn-Hoffmann, Oppenheim-Sachs, Levaditi — Hoffmann, Giemsa — Schmorl, Eisenalaunhämatoxylinfärbung nach Heidenhain, Verfahren nach Ruppert..- I. Färbung der Negrischen Körperchen Verfahren nach Lentz, Bohne, van Gieson..- K. Färbung von Protozoen.- Verfahren nach Nöller, Riegel, Oehler..- L. Kernfärbung.- Färbeverfahren mit Hämalaun, Bismarckbraun und Hämatoxylin nach Heidenhain..- M. Färberische Differenzierung von Bakterien.- Verfahren von Bezssonof..- N. Darstellung der Guarnierischen Körperchen.- II. Die Untersuchung in der Kultur.- 1. Die Sterilisierung.- Ausglühen, Trocken-, Dampf- und diskontinuierliche Sterilisation, chemische Sterilisation..- 2. Die Nährbodenbereitung.- a) Fertige Nährböden.- Gebrauchsfertige Nährböden, Trocken- und Ragitnährböden.- b) Herstellen der Nährböden.- ?) Das Wasser.- ?) Das Fleischwasser, Fleischextraktlösungen und Ersatzstoffe.- Harn, Knochengallerte, Hefewasser, Hefepepton usw., Abkochung von Blut, Molken und Nährsalzlösungen..- ?) Das Pepton.- Selbstbereitung von Pepton durch Pepsin- und Trypsinver-dauung, Hottingers und Knorrs Verdauungsbrühe, Nährstoff Heyden, Nutrose, Tropon, Nutroseersatz..- ?) Beurteilung der Ersatzpräparate für Fleischwasser und Pepton.- ?) Kochsalz.- ?) Sonstige Zusätze.- c) Reaktion, Neutralisieren und Alkalisieren der Nährböden.- Lackmus, Phenolphthalein, Wasserstoff ionenkonzentration, Komparator, optimale H-Ionenkonzentrationen für die einzelnen Bakterien..- d) Filtration und Klären der Nährböden.- e) Abfüllen und Aufbewahren der Nährböden.- Eingetrocknete und gebrauchte Nährböden wieder verwendungsfähig zu machen, Sterilisierung..- 3. Die Nährböden.- Übersicht über die besprochenen Nährböden..- a) Einfache Bouillon-, Gelatine- und Agarnährböden usw.- Nährbouillon, Hottingers Fleischbrühe, Knorrs Verdauungsbrühe, Flüssige Hefenährböden, Nährgelatine, Nähragar, Heyden-Agar, Ersatzmittel für Gelatine und Agar, besondere Zusätze zu Bouillon, Gelatine und Agar: Glyzerin, Zuckerarten usw..- b) Animalische Nährböden und Nährbodenzusätze.- 1. Nährböden mit Blut bzw. Blutfarbstoff.- 2. Blutserumnährböden, zusammengesetzte Serumnährböden und Serumersatz.- 3. Gekochte Fleisch- und Organscheiben.- 4. Sonstige animalische Nährböden und Nährbodenzusätze.- Galle, Ei, Milch..- c) Vegetabilische Nährböden und Nährbodenzusätze.- 1. Pilznährböden.- 2. Kartoffelnährböden.- 3. Sonstige vegetabilische Nährböden.- d) Besondere Nährböden für Typhus-, Paratyphus-, Koli- und Ruhrbazillen.- e) Besondere Nährböden für Choleravibrionen.- f) Besondere Nährböden für Diphtheriebazillen.- g) Besondere Nährböden für Tuberkel bazillen.- h) Besondere Nährböden für Gono-, Meningokokken usw.- i) Besondere Nährböden für Influenzabazillen.- k) Besondere Nährböden zur Unterdrückung von Proteus.- 1) Besondere Nährböden für azidophile Bakterien.- m) Besondere Nährböden für Eumyzeten.- n) Besondere Nährböden für Knöllchenbakterien.- o) Besondere Nährböden für Amöben.- 4. Die Züchtung der Mikroorganismen.- ?) Die Strichkultur.- ?) Die Stichkultur.- ?) Die Plattenkultur (das Kochsche Plattenverfahren).- Rollkultur usw., Ersatz durch fraktionierte Aussaat..- ?) Die Bestimmung der Keimmenge.- 1. Keimbestimmung durch das Plattenverfahren.- 2. Keimbestimmung durch das Zählkammerverfahren.- Anhang: Keimbestimmung in Vakzinen.- ?) Burrisches Tuscheverfahren, Einzell- oder Einkeimkultur.- ?) Die Hefereinzucht.- ?) Die Schüttelkultur.- ?) Die Bouillontropfenkultur.- ?) Die Anaerobenzüchtung.- a) Anaerobenzüchtung unter Beschränkung des Luftzutritts.- b) Anaerobenzüchtung nach der Buchnerschen Pyrogallol-Methode.- ?) Reagenzglaskultur.- ?) Plattenkultur.- ?) Kultur im hängenden Tropfen.- c) Anaerobenzüchtung unter Ersatz der Luft durch Wasserstoff.- d) Anaerobenzüchtung unter Zugabe tierischen Gewebes.- ?) Die Züchtung des Abortusbazillus Bang.- ?) Die Kultur in vivo.- ?) Das Fortzüchten der Bakterien.- ?) Die Konservierung von Sammlungs-Kulturen.- 5. Die Anreicherung der Bakterien zwecks Züchtung.- Im Harn, Wasser, Fleisch usw..- 6. Die Verfahren zur Feststellung von Lebensäußerungen der Bakterien, soweit sie zur Differentialdiagnose Verwendung finden.- ?) Sauerstoffbedürfnis.- ?) Schwefelwasserstoffprobe.- ?) Gas- und Gärprobe.- ?) Säure- und Baseprobe.- ?) Reduktions- und Oxydationsprobe.- ?) Indolprobe.- ?) Skatolprobe.- ?) Hämolysinprobe.- ?) Proteinochromprobe.- ?) Giftprobe.- ?) Farbstoffbildung.- ?) Lichtentwicklung.- ?) Resistenzprüfung.- ?) Enzymprobe.- ?) Sporenbildung der Hefen.- 7. Prüfung der Wirksamkeit chemischer Desinfektionsmittel.- A. Feststellung des entwicklungshemmenden (antiseptischen) Wertes.- B. Bestimmung des keimtötenden (desinfizierenden) Wertes.- a) Allgemeines.- b) Methodik.- 1. Das Seidenfadenverfahren nach Koch.- 2. Das Granatverfahren nach Krönig und Paul.- 3. Das Batistverfahren nach Hailer.- 4. Das Suspensionsverfahren nach Hueppe und v. Esmarch.- 5. Das Agarverfahren nach Bechhold und Ehrlich.- 6. Das Aufschwemmungsverfahren nach Bechhold und Ehrlich, sowie Reiter und Arndt.- 7. Die Rideal-Walkersche Methode.- 8. Die Lancet-Methode.- 9 The hygienic laboratory Phenolcoefficient method.- Die Berechnung der Wirksamkeit eines Desinfektionsmittels nach Phleps.- III. Der Tierversuch.- 1. Die Infektion.- Fesselung der Tiere, Narkose und Anästhesie, Enthaarung..- a) Die subkutane Impfung.- b) Die intramuskuläre Impfung.- c) Die intraperitoneale Impfung.- d) Die Impfung in die Blutbahn.- e) Die intrakutane Impfung.- f) Die perkutane Impfung.- g) Die intraokuläre Impfung.- h) Die intrastomachale und intraenterale Impfung.- i) Die intraviskale Impfung.- k) Die intraartikuläre Impfung.- l) Die subdurale Impfung.- m) Die intrapulmonäre Impfung.- n) Die intrapleurale Impfung.- 2. Die Behandlung der geimpften Tiere.- Blutabnahme, Tötung..- Virulenzsteigerung.- 3. Die Sektion.- IV. Besondere Untersuchungsmethoden für den Nachweis und die Unterscheidung der wichtigsten pathogenen und einiger anderer Mikroorganismen.- Fast sämtliche pathogenen und die wichtigsten saprophytischen Mikroorganismen in alphabetischer Reihenfolge..- C. Serologischer Teil.- I. Allgemeines.- Gewinnung und Konservierung der Seren, Blutkörperchen usw.- Überblick über die serologischen Verfahren.- II. Die Agglutination.- Bakterienaufschwemmung.- Serumdosen.- Orientierende Agglutinationsprobe.- Hauptversuch.- Schnellagglutination.- Klinische Verwendung der Agglutination.- Normalagglutinine.- Widalsche Probe (Typhus-Agglutination).- Absättigungsversuch nach Castellani.- Weil-Felixsche Reaktion bei Fleckfieber.- Agglutination beim infektiösen Verfohlen.- Agglutination (Agglomeration) von Trypanosomen.- Agglutination von Amöben.- Säureagglutination nach Michaelis.- III. Die Präzipitation.- Gewinnung von Präzipitations-Antigen und präzipitierenden Seren.- Titerbestimmung.- Spezifitätsbestimmung.- Bestimmung des Ursprungs von Blut (nach Uhlenhuth).- Biologischer Nachweis des Ursprungs von Fleisch, Fett und Milch.- Klinische Verwendung der Präzipitation.- Postmortale Verwendung der Präzipitation.- IV. Die Komplementbindung (Bordet-Gengousche Methode).- Rote Blutkörperchen S..- hämolytisches Serum S..- Komplement S..- Antigen S..- Antiserum S. 405..- Komplementbindung zum forensischen Blutnachweis.- Komplementbindung zum Nachweis des Ursprungs von Fleisch, anderen Nahrungs- und Genußmitteln.- Komplementbindung zur klinischen Diagnostik.- Wassermannsche Reaktion.- Abänderungen der Wassermannschen Reaktion.- Kälteverfahren nach Jacobsthal.- V. Die Konglutination und Hämagglutination (K-H-Reaktion.).- VI. Die Ausflockungsreaktion nach Sachs-Georgi.- VII. Ambozeptorbindungsreaktion nach Sachs- Georgi zum Nachweis von Fleischarten.- VIII. Die Lipoidbindungsreaktion nach Meinicke.- M. R. und D. M. bei Syphilis.- M. R. zur Eiweißdifferenzierung (Nachweis des Ursprungs von Blut, Fleisch usw.).- Die Meinickesche Reaktion bei Rotz.- Die Meinicksche Reaktion bei Beschälseuche.- Die Meinicksche Reaktion bei Lungenseuche.- IX. Die Trübungs- und Flockungsreaktion nach Dold.- X. Einige weitere Ausflockungsreaktionen bei Syphilis.- Nach Porges und Meier.- Nach Elias, Neubauer, Porges und Salomon.- Nach Herman und Perutz.- XI. Der Pfeiffersche und Metschnikoffsche Versuch.- XII. Das bakterizide Plattenverfahren.- XIII. Die Bestimmung des opsonischen Index.- XIV. Die Auswertung der Bakteriotropine.- XV. Der Nachweis von Diphtherietoxin im Patientenblut.- XVI. Der Nachweis von Antistaphylolysin.- XVII. Die Anaphylaxic.- XVIII. Die Allergie.- A. Die thermische Tuberkulinprobe.- B. Die Augenprobe (Konjunktival- oder Ophthalmoreaktion).- C. Die Reaktionen der äußeren Haut.- D. Kehllappenreaktion beim Geflügel.- XIX. Die Meiostagminreaktion.- XX. Die Antitrypsinreaktion.- XXI. Die Aggressine.- XXII. Die optische Methode und das Dialysierverfahren nach Abderhalden.- Anhang: Bezugsquellen von Reagenzien usw.- Druckfehlerverzeichnis und Ergänzungen.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisOur country’s cultural legacy is one of the world’s most diverse, drawing millions of visitors every year to our convents and monuments, and to our museums, libraries, concert halls and festivals. In addition, it is a dynamic trigger of economic activity and jobs. Among the various scientific branches, microbial biotechnology offers an innovative and precise approach to the complexity of problems that restorers face in their daily work. This book discusses a range of topics, including the biodiversity of microbial communities from various cultural heritage monuments, microbial biotechnological cleaning techniques, the role of bacterial fungal communities for the conservation of cultural heritage, and microbial enzymes and their potential applications as biorestoration agents. Written by internationally recognized experts, and providing up-to-date and detailed insights into microbial biotechnology approaches to cultural heritage monuments, the book is a valuable resource for biological scientists, especially microbiologists, microbial biotechnologists, biochemists and microbial biotechnologists.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Microbial Community Present on the Reverse Side of a Deteriorated Canvas.- Chapter 2. Microbial Biocleaning Technologies for Cultural Heritage: Current Status and Future Challenges.- Chapter 3. Role of Bacterial Communities to Prevent the Microbial Growth on Cultural Heritage.- Chapter 4. Entomogenous Fungi and the Conservation of the Cultural Heritage.- Chapter 5. Microorganisms and their Enzymes as Biorestoration Agents.- Chapter 6. Bioremediation of Cultural Heritage: Removal of Organic Substances.- Chapter 7. The Role Microorganisms for the Removal of Sulphates on Artistic Stoneworks.- Chapter 8. Microbiological Tools for Cultural Heritage Conservation.- Chapter 9. Biotechnology to Restoration and Conservation.- Chapter 10. Biocement: A novel approach in the restoration of construction materials.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook, which is the first volume in the series Microbial Zoonoses, provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis, treatment and control of zoonotic parasitic diseases. The book is divided into two sections; the first section discusses the classification of parasitic zoonoses and includes general information on the diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, prevention, and control of parasitic zoonoses. It also describes the biological features of these organisms, host-parasite interactions, and the disease spectrum, as well as the importance of public health control measures, such as surveillance, and prophylactic measures in controlling these diseases.The second section explores the important zoonotic diseases caused by ectoparasites, protozoan and helminths parasites. It also reviews the life cycle, pathogenesis, pathology, immunology and clinical manifestations, modern diagnostic methods, treatment regimen, prevention, control, and epidemiology of these parasites.Cutting across the disciplines, this book serves as a guide to postgraduate students, faculty members, public health experts, and medical administrators who are interested in the management of these parasitic zoonotic infections.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Parasite taxonomy, Classification of Zoonoses. - Chapter 2. Host Parasite Relationship and Spectrum of Clinical Manifestations. - Chapter 3. Parasitic Immunology. - Chapter 4. Parasite Genomics. - Chapter 5. Parasite Proteomics. - Chapter 6. Epidemiology of Parasitic Zoonoses. - Chapter 7. Diagnosis of Parasitic Zoonoses. - Chapter 8. Treatment and Management of Parasitic Zoonoses. - Chapter 9. Drug Resistance in Parasites. - Chapter 10. Zoonotic potential of Bioterrorism. - Chapter 11. Prevention, Surveillance, and Control of Parasitic Zoonoses. - Chapter 12. Toxoplasmosis. - Chapter 13. Giardiasis. - Chapter 14. Leishmaniasis. - Chapter 15. Trypanosomiasis. - Chapter 16. Malaria. - Chapter 17. Babesiosis. - Chapter 18. Cryptosporidiosis. - Chapter 19. Sarcocystosis. . - Chapter 20. Balantidiasis. - Chapter 21. Schistosomiasis. - Chapter 22. Fascioliasis. - Chapter 23. Fasciolopsiasis. - Chapter 24. Paragonomiasis. - Chapter 25. Echinostomiasis. - Chapter 26. Ophistorchiasis. - Chapter 27. Clonerchiasis. - Chapter 28. Heterophyes, Metagonimus, Dirocelium, Trogolotrema, and Watsonia infections. - Chapter 29. Diphyllobothriasis. - Chapter 30. Taeniasis. - Chapter 31. Echinococciasis. - Chapter 32. Sparganosis. - Chapter 33. Dipyllidiosis. - Chapter 34. Hymenolepsiasis. - Chapter 35. Coenurosis. - Chapter 36. Bertiella, Inermicapsifer, and Raillietinal infections. - Chapter 37. Trichinellosis. - Chapter 38. Dracunculiasis. - Chapter 39. Capillariasis. - Chapter 40. Strongyloidosis. - Chapter 41. Ancylostomiasis. - Chapter 42. Ascariasis. - Chapter 43. Dioctophymasis. - Chapter 44. Angiostrongylus and Trichostrongylus infections. - Chapter 45. Toxocariasis. - Chapter 46. Anisakiasis. - Chapter 47. Gnathostomiasis. - Chapter 48. Dirofilariasis. - Chapter 49. Thelaziasis. - Chapter 50. Gongylonemiasis. - Chapter 51. Termidens infections. - Chapter 52. Larva Migrans . - Chapter 53. Oesophagostomum and Mammomonogamus infections. - Chapter 54. Pentastomiasis. - Chapter 55. Scabies. - Chapter 56. Myiasis. - Chapter 57. Tungiasis. - Chapter 58. Ticks, Mites, Fleas. - Chapter 59. Allergenic Mites

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Book SynopsisThis text explores the adaptations parasites have evolved in their intimate interactions with their hosts. The author begins with the biology of parasites, before moving on to discuss genetic interactions between hosts and parasites, and ending with a section on the community ecology of parasites.

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Book SynopsisEminent expert in vaccine development John Rhodes offers an essential, up-to-the-minute primer on how scientists test and distribute vaccines.Trade Review"A great book for those wanting to know the background. Rhodes covers many fascinating details in immunology and the history of vaccine discoveries, as well as the basic science behind the development of COVID-19 vaccines, a topic which couldn't be more important."--Daniel M. Davis, author of The Beautiful Cure "Rhodes is undoubtedly the right person to offer this timely and excellent explanation of a very topical story of great public interest. He is not only a well-respected immunologist, but also has personal experience in vaccine development."--Eddy Liew, University of Glasgow "This concise book is wide-ranging in the topics covered; from the history of immunology and vaccinology to the early development of multiple COVID-19 vaccines. It explains many of the areas of vaccine development that are rarely discussed, leaving the public wondering what takes so long, and reminds us that vaccines are a wise investment for both our own health and that of the economy." --Sarah Gilbert, University of OxfordTable of ContentsPreface 1. Understand the Virus 2. Explore the Immune System 3. Discover a Vaccine 4. Develop Vaccines 5. Evaluate the Contenders 6. Don’t Count on the Magic Bullet 7. Overcome the Hurdles 8. Embrace Many Solutions Epilogue Acknowledgments Appendix: COVID-19 Vaccine Candidates Further Reading Index

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Book SynopsisPaul A. Offit shares hard-earned wisdom on the dos and don’ts of battling misinformation. From conspiracy theories linking vaccines to autism to Holocaust and climate-change denial. Bad Advice is a humorous guide to taking on quack experts and self-appointed activists and a must-read for any American disturbed by politicized attacks on science.Trade ReviewIn breezy and deceptively conversational prose that often winks with humor, Bad Advice breaks down complex scientific subjects that have been distorted through several cultural lenses. Offit takes to task actors, network news anchors, quack scientists, and even politicians who, unlike Jolie in her thoughtful article, have opined on scientific subjects in ways that misinform the public, on occasion to a potentially dangerous degree. * Washington Post *Bad advice about your health, firmly grounded in fact-free marketing, greed, and science denialism, is omnipresent in the new and old media these days. One of the few reliable sources of good advice is Dr. Paul A. Offit who, unlike all too many scientists and doctors, is ready to take on the hype and lies of celebrities, charlatans, ideologues, and money-grubbers with logic, evidence, and humor. Take my advice: Bad Advice is just what you need to navigate the murky waters of an unending stream of really bad information about your health. -- Arthur L. Caplan, Drs. William F. and Virginia Connolly Mitty Professor of Bioethics, New York University School of MedicineBad Advice gives us a front row seat to Offit’s role on the leading edge of the vaccine fight as he shows just how important communicating good science can be. The author's rare storytelling blend of equal parts humorous anecdotes and serious facts leads to an entertaining and captivating read that is hard to put down. -- Melissa Stockwell, MD, MPH, Columbia University Medical CenterPaul Offit is a pediatrician, a vaccine scientist, and one of our foremost explainers of science. In Bad Advice, he distills what he has learned—often the hard way—from standing up for science in the face of bogus theories, quack remedies, and the flat-out denial of empirical fact. Skillfully, Offit uses stories of his many missteps in the treacherous public arena to teach us how to confront pseudoscience effectively. In the process, without noticing, we learn fascinating lessons in the relevant science. A forcefully-written, indispensable book, particularly at the present moment. -- Geoffrey Kabat, cancer epidemiologist at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and author of Getting Risk Right: Understanding the Science of Elusive Health RisksWith humor and a unique perspective, Offit takes us step by step through our culture’s missteps (and some of his own), relating stories of real science and the difficulties of communicating complicated concepts clearly to a skeptical and sometimes hostile public. Bad Advice shows us how we can succeed in the battle against pseudoscience, seductive gurus with simple messages, and snake oil-hawking celebrities. -- Adam Ratner, M.D., New York UniversityThe beauty of mass communication in our free society is also our curse. Information flows so quickly, from so many different sources, that one can’t help but be overwhelmed—and too frequently misled. No one has fought harder over the years to educate the public, and to puncture the dangerously false dogmas of pseudoscience, than Paul Offit. Bad Advice is a brilliant extension of his dictate, so aptly stated by Daniel Patrick Moynihan, that one is entitled to his own opinion, but not to his own facts. Celebrities and politicians bear the brunt of Offit’s elegantly written, often hilarious, pinpoint assaults. But what makes this book truly special is its vision of how science can, and must, be defended against its despoilers. Bad Advice is, in every sense, an essential read. -- David Oshinsky, director of the Division of Medical Humanities at NYU School of MedicineBad Advice is a fun and educational book that will leave readers optimistic—as Offit himself is—that fact will ultimately prevail over fiction in the world of science and medicine. “Although science is under siege,” Offit writes toward the end of the book, “science advocates are fighting back.” -- Arlene Weintraub, author of Heal: The Vital Role of Dogs in the Search for Cancer Cures * New York Journal of Books *[Bad Advice] provides a sterling example of this stand in the name of empirical truth. * Publishers Weekly *A well-presented, knowledgeable, and surprisingly engaging look at the pitfalls of the information age. * Foreword Reviews *The author's droll account of attempts to inform the public about vaccines and even before a congressional hearing make for compelling reading....Recommended * Choice *Table of ContentsPrologue: On Being Naïve1. What Science Is—and What It Isn’t2. White Mice and Windowless Rooms3. An Alibi for Ignorance4. Feeding the Beast5. To Debate or Not to Debate6. Make ’Em Laugh7. Science Goes to the Movies8. The Emperor’s New Clothes9. Judgment Day10. The Nuclear Option11. Pharma Shill12. A Ray of HopeEpilogue: The End of the TourAcknowledgmentsAppendix: Blogs and PodcastsNotesSelected BibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisLarry Mays' Hydrology is a comprehensive text stressing fundamentals of hydrologic process for both surface water hydrology and groundwater hydrology. The text makes use of internet resources, such as free modeling tools, to help solve more complicated and real-world problems more quickly, and motivate interest in the topics.Table of ContentsAbout the Author v Preface vii Chapter 1 Hydrology, Climate Change, and Sustainability 1 1.1 Introduction to Hydrologic Processes 1 1.1.1 What is Hydrology? 1 1.1.2 Why Study Hydrology? 1 1.1.3 The Hydrologic Cycle 3 1.1.4 Hydrologic Systems 4 1.1.5 Surface Water in the Hydrologic Cycle 5 1.1.6 Groundwater in the Hydrologic Cycle 5 1.1.7 Control Volume Approach for Hydrologic Processes 7 1.2 Climate Change Effects and the Hydrologic Cycle 8 1.2.1 The Climate System 8 1.2.2 What is Climate Change? 10 1.2.3 Climate Change Prediction 11 1.2.4 Hydrologic Effects of Climate Change 12 1.3 Anthropogenic Effects on the Hydrologic Cycle 16 1.3.1 Urbanization 16 1.3.2 Land and Water Management Effects on the Hydrologic Cycle 17 1.4 Water Resources Sustainability 18 1.5 Hydrologic Budgets 19 1.6 Hydrologic Data and Publication Sources 21 1.7 U.S. Geological Survey Publications 22 Problems 25 References 25 Chapter 2 Occurrence of Groundwater 27 2.1 Origin of Groundwater 27 2.2 Rock Properties Affecting Groundwater 27 2.2.1 Aquifers 27 2.2.2 Porosity 28 2.2.3 Soil Classification 31 2.2.4 Porosity and Representative Elementary Volume 33 2.2.5 Specific Surface 33 2.3 Vertical Distribution of Groundwater 36 2.4 Zone of Aeration 37 2.4.1 Soil Water Zone 37 2.4.2 Intermediate Vadose Zone 38 2.4.3 Capillary Zone 38 2.4.4 Measurement of Water Content 40 2.4.5 Available Water 40 2.5 Zone of Saturation 41 2.5.1 Specific Retention 41 2.5.2 Specific Yield 41 2.6 Geologic Formations as Aquifers 42 2.6.1 Alluvial Deposits 43 2.6.2 Limestone 43 2.6.3 Volcanic Rock 44 2.6.4 Sandstone 46 2.6.5 Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks 46 2.6.6 Clay 46 2.7 Types of Aquifers 46 2.7.1 Unconfined Aquifer 46 2.7.2 Confined Aquifers 46 2.7.3 Leaky Aquifer 48 2.7.4 Idealized Aquifer 48 2.8 Storage Coefficient 48 2.9 Groundwater Basins/Regional Groundwater Flow Systems 50 2.9.1 High Plains Aquifer 52 2.9.2 Gulf Coastal Plain Aquifer System 54 2.10 Springs 54 2.10.1 What Are Springs? 54 2.10.2 Edwards Aquifer—Discharge of Springs 61 2.11 Groundwater in the United States 63 Problems 70 References 71 Chapter 3 Groundwater Movement 75 3.1 Darcy’s Law 75 3.1.1 Experimental Verification 75 3.1.2 Darcy Velocity 78 3.1.3 Validity of Darcy’s Law 78 3.2 Permeability 79 3.2.1 Intrinsic Permeability 79 3.2.2 Hydraulic Conductivity 80 3.2.3 Transmissivity 80 3.2.4 Hydraulic Conductivity of Geologic Materials 81 3.3 Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity 82 3.3.1 Formulas 82 3.3.2 Laboratory Methods 83 3.3.3 Tracer Tests 85 3.3.4 Auger Hole Tests 87 3.3.5 Pumping Tests of Wells 88 3.4 Anisotropic Aquifers 89 3.5 Groundwater Flow Rates 91 3.6 General Flow Equations 93 3.7 Unsaturated Flow 95 3.7.1 Flow Through Unsaturated Soils 96 3.7.2 Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity 99 3.7.3 Vertical and Horizontal Flows 103 Problems 104 References 105 Chapter 4 Groundwater and Well Hydraulics 109 4.1 Steady Unidirectional Flow 109 4.1.1 Confined Aquifer 109 4.1.2 Unconfined Aquifer 110 4.1.3 Base Flow to a Stream 112 4.2 Steady Radial Flow to a Well 115 4.2.1 Confined Aquifer 115 4.2.2 Unconfined Aquifer 120 4.2.3 Unconfined Aquifer with Uniform Recharge 122 4.3 Well in a Uniform Flow 124 4.4 Unsteady Radial Flow in a Confined Aquifer 126 4.4.1 Nonequilibrium Well Pumping Equation 126 4.4.2 Theis Method of Solution 127 4.4.3 Cooper–Jacob Method of Solution 129 4.4.4 Chow Method of Solution 132 4.4.5 Recovery Test 132 4.5 Unsteady Radial Flow in an Unconfined Aquifer 135 4.6 Unsteady Radial Flow in a Leaky Aquifer 140 4.7 Well Flow Near Aquifer Boundaries 143 4.7.1 Well Flow Near a Stream 143 4.7.2 Well Flow Near an Impermeable Boundary 148 4.7.3 Well Flow Near Other Boundaries 151 4.7.4 Location of Aquifer Boundary 153 4.8 Multiple Well Systems 154 4.9 Partially Penetrating Wells 158 4.10 Well Flow for Special Conditions 160 4.11 Slug Tests 161 4.11.1 Definition 161 4.11.2 Design Guidelines 161 4.11.3 Performance of Slug Tests 162 4.11.4 Methods for Analyzing Slug-Test Data 164 4.12 Slug Tests for Confined Formations 166 4.12.1 Cooper, Bredehoeft, and Papadopulos Method 166 4.12.2 Hvorslev Method 170 4.13 Slug Tests for Unconfined Formations 172 4.13.1 Bouwer and Rice Method 173 4.13.2 Dagan Method 179 Problems 182 References 189 Chapter 5 Artificial Recharge, Stormwater Infiltration, and Saltwater Intrusion Prevention 193 5.1 Artificial Recharge 193 5.1.1 Recharge Systems 193 5.1.2 Recharge Mounds 195 5.2 Stormwater Infiltration Basin Mound Development 203 5.2.1 Potential Flow Model for a Trench 204 5.2.2 Potential Flow Model for Circular Basin 205 5.2.3 Mound Growth 208 5.2.4 Mound Recession 209 5.3 Saline Water Intrusion in Aquifers 210 5.3.1 Occurrence of Saline Water Intrusion 210 5.3.2 Ghyben–Herzberg Relation Between Freshwater and Saline Water 211 5.3.3 Shape of the Freshwater–Saltwater Interface 213 5.3.4 Structure of the Freshwater–Saltwater Interface 216 5.3.5 Effect of Wells on Seawater Intrusion 219 5.3.6 Upconing of Saline Water 221 5.3.7 Control of Saline Water Intrusion 225 Problems 227 References 228 Chapter 6 Groundwater Flow Modeling 231 6.1 Introduction 231 6.1.1 Why Develop Groundwater Models? 231 6.1.2 Types of Groundwater Models 232 6.1.3 Steps in the Development of a Groundwater Model 232 6.2 Three-Dimensional Groundwater Flow Model 233 6.2.1 Derivation of Finite Difference Equations 233 6.2.2 Simulation of Boundaries 239 6.2.3 Vertical Discretization 239 6.2.4 Hydraulic Conductance Equations 240 6.3 MODFLOW-2005 Description 243 6.3.1 Model Introduction 243 6.3.2 Space and Time Discretization 245 6.3.3 External Sources and Stresses 246 6.3.4 Hydraulic Conductance—Layer-Property Flow (LPF) Package 248 6.3.5 Solver Packages 251 6.3.6 Telescopic Mesh Refinement 252 6.4 Case Study: Using MODFLOW: Lake Five-O, Florida 256 6.4.1 Finite Difference Grid and Boundary Conditions 256 6.4.2 Model Calibration and Sensitivity Analysis 256 6.4.3 Model Results 260 6.5 Example Applications and Input of MODFLOW 261 Problems 270 References 271 Chapter 7 Hydrologic Processes 273 7.1 Introduction to Surface Water Hydrology 273 7.1.1 What is Surface Water Hydrology? 273 7.1.2 The Hydrologic Cycle 273 7.1.3 Hydrologic Systems 273 7.1.4 Atmospheric and Ocean Circulation 278 7.1.5 Hydrologic Budget 280 7.2 Precipitation (Rainfall) 281 7.2.1 Precipitation Formation and Types 281 7.2.2 Rainfall Variability 282 7.2.3 Disposal of Rainfall on a Watershed 283 7.2.4 Design Storms 286 7.2.5 Estimated Limiting Storms 301 7.3 Evaporation 304 7.3.1 Energy Balance Method 304 7.3.2 Aerodynamic Method 307 7.3.3 Combined Method 309 7.4 Infiltration 310 7.4.1 Unsaturated Flow 310 7.4.2 Green–Ampt Method 313 7.4.3 Other Infiltration Methods 319 Problems 321 References 324 Chapter 8 Surface Runoff 327 8.1 Drainage Basins and Storm Hydrographs 327 8.1.1 Drainage Basins and Runoff 327 8.2 Hydrologic Losses, Rainfall Excess, and Hydrograph Components 331 8.2.1 Hydrograph Components 333 8.2.2 F-Index Method 333 8.2.3 Rainfall-Runoff Analysis 335 8.3 Rainfall-Runoff Analysis Using Unit Hydrograph Approach 335 8.4 Synthetic Unit Hydrographs 338 8.4.1 Snyder’s Synthetic Unit Hydrograph 338 8.4.2 Clark Unit Hydrograph 339 8.5 S-Hydrographs 343 8.6 NRCS (SCS) Rainfall-Runoff Relation 345 8.7 Curve Number Estimation and Abstractions 347 8.7.1 Antecedent Moisture Conditions 347 8.7.2 Soil Group Classification 348 8.7.3 Curve Numbers 351 8.8 NRCS (SCS) Unit Hydrograph Procedure 354 8.8.1 Time of Concentration 355 8.8.2 Time to Peak 357 8.8.3 Peak Discharge 357 8.9 Kinematic Wave Overland Flow Runoff Model 358 8.10 Computer Models for Rainfall-Runoff Analysis 363 Problems 365 References 372 Chapter 9 Reservoir and Streamflow Routing 375 9.1 Routing 375 9.2 Hydrologic Reservoir Routing 376 9.3 Hydrologic River Routing 380 9.4 Hydraulic (Distributed) Routing 384 9.4.1 Unsteady Flow Equations: Continuity Equation 385 9.4.2 Momentum Equation 387 9.5 Kinematic Wave Model for Channels 390 9.5.1 Kinematic Wave Equations 390 9.5.2 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Kinematic Wave Model for Overland Flow and Channel Routing 392 9.5.3 KINEROS2 Channel Flow Routing Model 393 9.5.4 Kinematic Wave Celerity 394 9.6 Muskingum–Cunge Model 395 9.7 Implicit Dynamic Wave Model 396 9.8 Distributed Routing in U.S. Army Corps of Engineers HEC-RAS 398 Problems 401 References 406 Chapter 10 Probability, Risk, and Uncertainty Analysis for Hydrologic and Hydraulic Design 407 10.1 Probability Concepts 407 10.2 Commonly Used Probability Distributions 410 10.2.1 Normal Distribution 410 10.2.2 Log-Normal Distribution 410 10.2.3 Gumbel (Extreme Value Type I) Distribution 413 10.3 Hydrologic Design for Water Excess Management 414 10.3.1 Hydrologic Design Scale 414 10.3.2 Hydrologic Design Level (Return Period) 416 10.3.3 Hydrologic Risk 416 10.3.4 Hydrologic Data Series 417 10.4 Hydrologic Frequency Analysis 419 10.4.1 Frequency Factor Equation 419 10.4.2 Application of Log-Pearson III Distribution 420 10.4.3 Extreme Value Distribution 425 10.5 U.S. Water Resources Council Guidelines for Flood Flow Frequency Analysis 425 10.5.1 Procedure 426 10.5.2 Testing for Outliers 427 10.6 Analysis of Uncertainties 430 10.7 Risk Analysis: Composite Hydrologic and Hydraulic Risk 433 10.7.1 Reliability Computation by Direct Integration 434 10.7.2 Reliability Computation Using Safety Margin/Safety Factor 435 10.8 Computer Models for Flood-Flow Frequency Analysis 437 Problems 438 References 441 Chapter 11 Hydrologic Design and Floodplain Analysis 443 11.1 Hydrologic Design for Stormwater Management: Storm Sewers Design 443 11.1.1 Rational Method Design 443 11.1.2 Risk-Based Design of Storm Sewers 451 11.2 Hydrologic Design of Stormwater Detention 453 11.2.1 Why Detention? Effects of Urbanization 453 11.2.2 Sizing Detention 454 11.2.3 Detention Basin Routing 455 11.2.4 Preliminary Sizing of Detention: Modified Rational Method 456 11.2.5 Infiltration Basin Design 460 11.3 Floodplain Analysis 461 11.3.1 Floodplain Analysis Components 461 11.3.2 Floodplain Hydraulics 464 11.3.3 Water Surface Profile Computation 468 11.4 Flood-Control Alternatives 472 11.4.1 Structural Alternatives 473 11.4.2 Nonstructural Alternatives 477 11.4.3 Flood Damage and Net Benefit Estimation 478 11.5 Urban Flood Management: A Matter of Water Resources Sustainability 480 11.5.1 Urban Flood Management and Sustainability 480 11.5.2 Climate Change, Urbanization, and Integrated Management 481 11.5.3 Developing Countries and Flood Management 482 11.5.4 Developed Countries and Flood Disasters 482 11.6 Water Supply for Crop Water Requirements: Evapotranspiration Calculations 483 11.6.1 Combination Equation 483 11.6.2 FAO-56 Penman–Monteith Equation 484 11.6.3 Meteorological Data and Factors 485 11.6.4 Radiation Calculations 489 11.6.5 ASCE-EWRI Standardized Penman-Monteith Equation 493 11.7 Hydrologic Design for Water Supply 494 11.7.1 Surface Water Reservoir Systems 494 11.7.2 Storage—Firm Yield Analysis forWater Supply 495 11.7.3 Reservoir Simulation 503 Problems 505 References 508 Chapter 12 Hydrologic Measurement 511 12.1 Atmosphere-Land Interface 511 12.1.1 Wind, Humidity, and Solar Radiation 512 12.1.2 Precipitation 515 12.1.3 Evaporation 519 12.1.4 Weather/Climate Stations 521 12.1.5 Infiltration 522 12.2 Discharge Measurement 523 12.2.1 Weir 523 12.2.2 Flumes 527 12.3 Streamflow Measurement 528 12.3.1 Measuring Stage 528 12.3.2 Velocity-Area-Integration Method 531 12.3.3 Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler 533 12.4 Groundwater Measurement 534 12.5 Automated Data Acquisition and Transmission Systems 536 12.6 Hydrologic Monitoring Systems 538 12.6.1 Urban Stormwater Systems 538 12.6.2 Flood Early-Warning Systems 541 Problems 541 References 542 Chapter 13 Hydrology of Specific Climates 543 13.1 Hydrology of Arid and Semiarid Climates 543 13.1.1 Physical Features 543 13.1.2 Hydrologic Processes 545 13.1.3 Rainfall Hyetographs for Arabian Gulf States 548 13.1.4 Design Rainfall Patterns for Arizona 549 13.1.5 Hydrology of Alluvial Fan Flooding 549 13.2 Hydrology of Cold Climates 555 13.2.1 Snowpack, Snow Water Equivalent, and Snowmelt Runoff 556 13.2.2 Snowmelt—Energy Budget Solutions 558 13.2.3 Snowmelt—Temperature Index Solutions 561 13.2.4 Models for Snowmelt Runoff 562 13.3 Hydrology of Humid Tropical Climates 562 13.3.1 ENSO: El Ni~no-Southern Oscillation 563 13.3.2 Rainfall for Drainage Design 565 13.3.3 Rainfall Interception—Vegetation Canopy 567 13.4 Introduction to Watershed Hydrology Models 569 13.4.1 What are Watershed Models? 570 13.4.2 Classification of Watershed Models 571 13.4.3 Distributed Model Spatial Configurations 572 13.4.4 Discussion of Selected Models 573 References 574 Appendix A Control Volume Approach for Hydrosystems 577 Continuity 580 Energy 581 Momentum 583 Appendix B NWS Precipitation Frequency Documents 585 Appendix C U.S. Army Corps of Engineers HEC-HMS 589 Watershed and Meteorological Description 589 Example Application 591 References 597 Appendix D U.S. Army Corps of Engineers HEC-RAS 599 HEC-RAS Model Features 599 Cross-Sections 599 Cross-Section Description for Conveyance Calculation 600 Cross-Section Interpolation 600 Cross-Sections at Junctions 601 Bridge Description 601 Encroachment Methods Floodplain Analysis 602 Reference 606 Index

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Book SynopsisLaurens Baas Becking was a pioneer in the field of microbial ecology and the father of Geobiology. This is the first English translation of Baas Becking's Geobiologie: of Inleiding tot de Millieukunde published in Dutch in 1934. This book provides a fascinating view of how organisms have both adapted to and shaped their environment, from all types of settings ranging from lakes to the oceans, to acidic peats and salt ponds, drawing heavily on Baas Becking's own keen observations. Although written 80 years ago, Baas Becking's insights feel surprisingly modern and provide a unique insight into the fields of evolution of microbial ecology and geobiology. This book should appeal to anyone interested in microbial ecology, geobiology, biogeochemistry and the history of science. The translated text is accompanied by extensive footnotes and by an Editor's summary at the end of each chapter placing Baas Becking's writing in the context of modern developments in the field.Table of ContentsEditor’s Introduction, vii I Introduction, 1 II The Environment, 4 III Environmental Factors: Solar Radiation, 17 IV Environmental Factors: Temperature, 28 V Environmental Factors: The Chemical Environment, 38 VI Cycles, 59 VII Oligotrophic Water, 72 VIII Eutrophic Fresh Water, 82 IX Oceans, 92 X Brine, 103 Appendix, 127 References, 129 Index, 133

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Book SynopsisWith petroleum-related spills, explosions, and health issues in the headlines almost every day, the issue of remediation of petroleum and petroleum products is taking on increasing importance, for the survival of our environment, our planet, and our future.Table of ContentsPreface xv 1. Introduction to Bioremediation 1 1. Introduction 1 2. Principles of Bioremediation 7 3. Bioremediation and Biodegradation 10 4. Mechanism of Biodegradation 15 5. Bioremediation Methods 22 6. Test Methods for Biodegradation 30 7. References 31 2. Petroleum Composition and Properties 39 1. Introduction 39 2. Composition 46 3. Properties 62 4. References 76 3. Refinery Products and By-Products 79 1. Introduction 79 2. Refinery Products 81 3. Refinery Chemicals 106 4. References 113 4. Composition and Properties of Gaseous Products 115 1. Introduction 115 2. Gaseous Products 118 3. Environmental Effects 129 4. Analysis 134 5. References 143 5. Composition and Properties of Liquid Products 147 1. Introduction 147 2. Naphtha 148 3. Fuel Oil 162 4. Wastewaters 177 5. References 180 6. Composition and Properties of Solid Products 183 1. Introduction 183 2. Residua and Asphalt 184 3. Coke 199 4. Sludge 208 5. References 210 7. Sample Collection and Preparation 213 1. Introduction 213 2. Petroleum Chemicals 215 3. Sample Collection and Preparation 218 4. Measurement 240 5. Accuracy 242 6. Precision 243 7. Method Validation 245 8. Quality Control and Quality Assurance 252 9. Method Detection Limit 256 10. References 256 8. Analytical Methods 259 1. Introduction 259 2. Chemical And Physical Properties 262 3. Petroleum Group Analyses 279 4. Other Analytical Methods 289 5. References 298 9. Biodegradation of Petroleum 305 1. Introduction 305 2. Biodegradation of Specific Constituents 307 3. Petroleum Biodegradation 319 4. Application to Spills 333 5. References 339 10. Biodegradation of Naphtha and Gasoline 361 1. Introduction 361 2. Identity and Origin 361 3. Remediation 363 4. BTEX and MTBE 377 5. References 382 11. Biodegradation of Kerosene and Diesel 385 1. Introduction 385 2. Identity and Origin of Kerosene and Diesel 385 3. Bioremediation 389 4. Jet Fuel 402 5. References 404 12. Biodegradation of Fuel Oil 413 1. Introduction 413 2. Identity and Origin of Fuel Oil 416 3. Biodegradation 421 4. References 427 13. Biodegradation of Lubricating Oil 431 1. Introduction 431 2. Identity and Origin of Lubricating Oil 434 3. Composition and Properties of Lubricating Oil 436 4. Biodegradation of Lubricating Oils 440 5. Bioremediation – The Challenge 452 6. Conclusion 453 7. References 453 14. Biodegradation of Residua and Asphalt 463 1. Introduction 463 2. Identity and Origin of Residua and Asphalt 467 3. Biodegradation of Residua and Asphalt 469 4. References 477 15. Bioremediation Methods 483 1. Land Ecosystems 486 2. Water Ecosystems 498 3. References 507 16. The Future of Bioremediation 515 1. Introduction 515 2. Status 517 3. Advantages and Disadvantages 524 4. Conclusion 526 5. References 528 Glossary 535 Conversion Factors 555 Index 559

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Book SynopsisThis is the first book to present a topical overview of the research and development of microbial polyesters. Comprehensive and amply illustrated, it covers the * biosynthesis * structure * properties * applications of these biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastics. The book provides the reader with the necessary background to understand the nature and mechanism of biological polymerization. It unites aspects from both the biological and polymer sciences and is a typical modern example of the analysis of biological macromolecules.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Microbial Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) 1.2 Microbial Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) 1.3 Environmentally Degradable Polyesters References Chapter 2 Fermentation and Analysis of Microbial Polyesters 2.1 Fermentation Production 2.1.1 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) 2.1.2 Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) 2.2 Polymer Isolation 2.2.1 Solvent Extraction 2.2.2 Alkaline Hypochlorite Treatment 2.2.3 Enzyme Treatment 2.3 Analysis 2.3.1 Polyester Content of Cells 2.3.2 Composition of Copolymers 2.3.3 Molecular Weight References Chapter 3 Microorganisms and Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) 3.1 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in Microorganisms 3.1.1 Functions of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) 3.1.2 Structure of Native P(3HB) Granules 3.2 Biosynthesis of Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) 3.2.1 Alcaligenes eutrophus 3.2.2 Pseudomonas oleovorans 3.2.3 Other Bacterial Strains 3.3 Molecular Structures of Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) 3.3.1 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyalerate) 3.3.2 Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates-co-3-hydroxy--chloroalkanoates) References Chapter 4 Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) Metabolism 4.1 Pathways of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Synthesis 4.2 Pathways of Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) Synthesis 4.3 Enzymology of Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) Synthesis 4.3.1 3-Ketothiolase 4.3.2 Acetoacetyl-CoA Reductase 4.3.3 P(3HB) Synthase 4.4 Pathways of P(3-hydroxybutyrate) Degradation 4.5 Cyclic Nature of Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) Metabolism 4.5.1 Replacement of P(3HB) by P(3HB-co-3HV) 4.5.2 Replacement of P(3HB-co-3HV) by P(3HB) 4.5.3 Application to PHA Fermentation References Chapter 5 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) 5.1 Alcaligenes eutrophus and Carbon Substrates 5.2 Molecular Structure 5.3 Biosynthetic Pathway References Chapter 6 Structure and Properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) 6.1 Crystal Structure and Properties 6.1.1 Crystal Structure 6.1.2 Solid-State Properties 6.2 Solution Properties References Chapter 7 Solid-State Properties of Copolyesters 7.1 Composition and Physical Properties 7.1.1 X-Ray Diffraction Analysis 7.1.2 Solid-State CP/MAS 13C-NMR Analysis 7.1.3 Mechanical Properties 7.2 Thermal Properties 7.2.1 Melting Temperatures 7.2.2 Glass-Transition Temperatures 7.2.3 Thermal Stability 7.3 Kinetics of Crystallization References Chapter 8 Biodegradation of Microbial Polyesters 8.1 Extracellular P(3HB) Depolymerase 8.1.1 Pseudomonas lemoignei 8.1.2 Alcaligenes faecalis 8.2 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Copolyesters 8.3 Simple Hydrolysis of Polyesters 8.4 Applications and Prospects 8.4.1 Environmentally Degradable Plastics 8.4.2 Medical Applications References Index

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Book SynopsisThe activated sludge process is the most versatile, commonly used wastewater treatment system in North America; however, many activated sludge processes frequently experience operational problems related to poor compaction or settleability of secondary solids and loss of secondary solids from the clarifier. This work covers this topic.Trade Review"...All in all it is an excellent example of applied and troubleshooting microbiology." (Microbiology Today, August 2003)Table of ContentsPreface. PART I: OVERVIEW. The Activated Sludge Process. Floc Formation. A Floc Formation Model. Interruption of Floc Formation. PART II: SETTLEABILITY PROBLEMS AND LOSS OF SOLIDS. Introduction. Undesired Filamentous Growth. Nutrient-Deficient Floc Particles. Denitrification. Sheared Floc Particles. Dispersed Floc Particles. Heavy Metals and Congealed Floc Particles. Low Dissolved Oxygen Concentration. Young Sludge Age. Floc Particles Lost Through Sludge Aging. Slug Discharge of Soluble cBOD. Viscous Bulking or Zoogloeal Growth. Increase in Percent MLVSS. Colloidal Floc Particles. Temperature. PART III: FOAM AND SCUM. Production and Accumulation of Foam and Scum. Identification of Foam. Controlling Foam Production and Accumulation. PART IV: SETTLEABILITY TESTING. Settleability Testing and Settling Rate. Settleability Testing: Microscopic Analyses. Appendix I: F/M, HRT, MCRT, MLVSS, Sludge Age, SVI. Appendix II: Microscopic Techniques. References. Abbreviations and Acronyms. Chemical Compounds and Elements. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisThroughout the world, milk and milk products are indispensable components of the food chain. Not only do individual consumers use liquid milk for beverages and cooking, but food manufacturers use vast quantities of milk powder, concentrated milks, butter, and cream as raw materials for further processing.Trade Review“…a very valuable reference book covering basically all aspects relevant to the microbiology of milk and milk products” (Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Vol. 84, No., 12 September 2004)Table of ContentsMilk and Milk Processing. Microbiology of Raw Milk. Microbiology of Market Milks. Microbiology of Cream and Butter. Microbiology of Condensed and Dried Milk Powders. Microbiology of Frozen Milk Products. Starter Cultures: Practical Applications. Microbiology of Fermented Milks. Microbiology of Therapeutic Milks. Microbiology of Soft Cheeses. Microbiology of Hard-Pressed Cheeses. Maintaining a Clean Working Environment. Application of Process Control. Quality Control in the Dairy Industry.

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Book SynopsisNot only an invaluable reference to what is known about lichen bionts and their interactions but also a guide to future studies. Compares various aspects of lichen-forming bionts with those of other fungi, algae and cyanobacteria. Features in-depth descriptions of culture methods.Table of ContentsThe Mycobiont (Fungal Symbiont). The Photobiont (Photosynthetic Symbiont). Biont Interactions I--Development of Synthetic and NaturalLichens. Biont Interactions II--Carbohydrate Movement. Biont Interactions III--Physiology of Lichens. Lichens, Bionts, and Air Pollution. Molecular Biology of Lichens. Appendix. Literature Cited. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisYeasts are the world''s premier industrial micro-organisms. In addition to their wide exploitation in the production of foods, beverages and pharmaceuticals, yeasts also play significant roles as model eukaryotic cells in furthering our knowledge in the biological and biomedical sciences. In order for modern biotechnology to fully exploit the activities of yeasts, it is essential to appreciate aspects of yeast cell physiology. In recent years, however, our knowledge of yeast physiological phenomena has lagged behind that of yeast genetics and molecular biology. Yeast Physiology and Biotechnology redresses the balance by linking key aspects of yeast physiology with yeast biotechnology. Individual chapters provide broad and timely coverage of yeast cytology, nutrition, growth and metabolism - important aspects of yeast cell physiology which are pertinent to the practical uses of yeasts in industry. The final chapter reviews traditional, modern and emerging biotechnologies in which roles Table of ContentsIntroduction to Yeasts. Yeast Cytology. Yeast Nutrition. Yeast Growth. Yeast Metabolism. Yeast Technology. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis text is for advanced undergraduates of microbiology and medical microbiology, presenting a comprehensive introduction to late-1990s molecular biology of the interactions between bacteria and eukaryotic cells, and their relevance to human diseases.Trade Review"A splendidly written book...""...the authors have achieved their goal and the book should be useful to students and researchers in many subject areas." --Microbiology Today, November 2000Table of ContentsBACKGROUND TO CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY. An Introduction to Cellular Microbiology. The Cellular Biology Underlying Prokaryotic-Eukaryotic Interactions. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Signalling Mechanisms. Molecular Techniques Defining Bacterial Virulence Mechanisms. PROKARYOTIC-EUKARYOTIC INTERACTIONS IN INFECTION. Bacterial Adhesion to Host Cells. Bacterial Invasion of Host Cells. Bacterial Protein Toxins: Agents of Disease and Probes of Eukaryotic Cell Behaviour. The Innate Immune Response and Bacterial Infections. Acquired Immunity in the Defence Against Bacteria. Future Developments in Cellular Microbiology. Index.

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Book SynopsisIntended for students at the undergraduate level, this book is split into two parts, the first of which explains why bacteria are classified and how they are named, while the second illustrates the applications of these methods.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Phenotypic Characters. Genotypic Characters. Similarity And Arrangement. Identification. Evolution And The Archaea. The Spirochaetes. Helical And Curved Bacteria. The Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria. The Gram-Negative, Facultatively And Strictly Anaerobic Bacteria. The Gram-Positive Rods. The Gram-Positive Cocci. The Mollicutes. The Actinomycetes. Further Reading. Index

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Book SynopsisIntroduction to Geomicrobiology is a timely and comprehensive overview of how microbial life has affected Earth's environment through time. It shows how the ubiquity of microorganisms, their high chemical reactivity, and their metabolic diversity make them a significant factor controlling the chemical composition of our planet.Trade Review“I recommend the book to anyone who is interested in where particular microbes live, how they live and what effects they may exert on our planet Earth. Certainly I will be using the book when preparing my lectures.” (Geology Today, 1 May 2011) "This text is well illustrated with clear, informative and well-described diagrams and some splendid electron micrographs with convincing evidence for mineral deposition by bacterial action. A good index and up-to-date references make this a book that undergraduates of any biological discipline could use as an introductory text that would be useful throughout their course." Times Higher Education Supplement "A thorough and informative overview of the subject…comprehensively referenced throughout. …Dr Kohnhauser has done an excellent job in integrating the diverse aspects of geomicrobiology and making them accessible and interesting to...a wide range of readers." European Journal of Soil Science “The most comprehensive general book in geomicrobiology, showing the great advances made in geomicrobiology during the past few years … Packed with information.” Journal of Sedimentary Research "I would recommend this book to any upper undergraduate / graduate students who wish to study geomicrobiology, as well as to researchers in geomicrobiology who may find here either a nice way to fill possible gaps in their knowledge or a starting point for new research." Journal of Sedimentary ResearchTable of ContentsPreface. 1. Microbial properties and diversity. 2. Microbial metabolism. 3. Cell surface reactivity and metal sorption. 4. Biomineralization. 5. Microbial weathering. 6. Microbial zonation. 7. Early microbial life. References. Index

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Book SynopsisInspired by the pace of change in the taxonomy of the aerobic endospore-forming bacteria, the Bacillus 2000 symposium on which this book is based was held in Bruges, Belgium, in August 2000, and was supported by the Federation of European Microbiological Societies, the Belgian Society for Microbiology, and several commercial sponsors. Bringing taxonomists interested in Bacillus and its relatives together with people who work with these organisms in medicine, agriculture, and industry, allowed those attending to appreciate the overlaps and interactions of their areas of expertise, in the absence of any comprehensive treatment of the current systematics of the group. The meeting was a great success, and has resulted in the production of these proceedings, Applications and Systematics of Bacillus and Relatives, providing an up-to-date and comprehensive treatise on the classification, identification and applications of the aerobic endospore-forming bacteria; it is an essential refTrade Review"Rarely does a book of 19 chapters by 31 authors attain such high quality, wide interest and immediate relevance." Quarterly Review of Biology, June 2003 "Applications and Systematics of Bacillus and Relatives is indeed a source of current and compiled information on systematics and applications ... This will be a highly useful resource for academic, special, and public libraries." Mohan Ramaswamy, Kansas State University Library, E-Streams, April 2003Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Foreword. 1. Whither Bacillus? (Berkeley). 2. From Phylogeny To Systematics: Dissection Of The Genus Bacillus (Stackebrandt & Swiderski). 3. Longstanding Taxonomic Enigmas Within The 'Bacillus Cereus Group' Are On The Verge Of Being Resolved By Far-Reaching Molecular Developments: Forecasts On The Possible Outcome By An Ad Hoc Team. (Turnbull, Jackson, Hill, Keim, Kolsto & Beecher). 4. Bacillus Cereus And Food Poisoning (Granum). 5. Thermophilic Bacillus Isolates From Antarctic Environments (Nicolaus, Lama & Gambacorta). 6. Bacilli Associated With Spoilage In Dairy Products And Other Foods (Heyndrickx & Scheldeman). 7. Moderately Halophilic And Halotolerant Species Of Bacillus And Related Genera (Arahal & Ventosa). 8. Bacillus Identification - Traditional Approaches (Fritze). 9. Modern Methods For Identification (Logan). 10. Nucleic Acid Analysis And SDS-PAGE Of Whole-Cell Proteins In Bacillus Taxonomy (De Vos). 11. Bacillus Thuringiensis Insecticides (Bishop). 12. Bt Crops: A Novel Insect Control Tool (Van Rie). 13. Bacillus Sphaericus And Its Insecticidal Toxins (Priest). 14. The Importance Of Bacillus Species In The Production Of Industrial Enzymes (Outtrop & Jorgensen). 15. Plant Growth Promotion By Bacillus And Relatives (Chanway). 16. Insertion Sequence Elements And Transposons In Bacillus (Mahillon). 17. Fingerprint Spectrometry Methods In Bacillus Systematics (Magee & Goodacre). 18. Whole-Cell Fatty Acid Analysis In The Systematics Of Bacillus And Related Genera (Kampfer). 19. Some Concluding Observations (Norris). Index

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Book SynopsisTheobald Smith (18591934) is widely considered to be America's first significant medical scientist and the world's leading comparative pathologist. This is the first book-length biography of Smith to appear in print, and is based primarily on personal papers and correspondence that have remained in the possession of his family until now.Trade ReviewThis dedication to microbiologist Smith provides a detailed account of a lifelong passion for using science to alleviate human suffering. Dolman and Wolfe meticulously investigate factors in Smith’s upbringing that led him to studying medicine… The authors recount Smith’s associations with notable scientists who led him to pursue medical studies emphasizing pathology. The list of colleagues who influenced Smith’s research reads like a who’s who of microbiology. Smith’s collaborations include other famous microbiologists who investigated infectious bacterial diseases of animal and humans. Each chapter presents Smith’s research according to the chronology of his life and concurrent developments in medicine and microbiology, and discusses his contributions to controlling tragic livestock diseases such as cattle fever, hog cholera, and swine plague. -- B. R. Shmaefsky * Choice *

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Book SynopsisThough we might not be able to see microbes, the consequences of their activities are readily apparent to our unaided senses. This book shows us how to examine, study, and appreciate microbes in the manner of a birdwatcher, by making sightings of microbial activities and thereby identifying particular microbes and understanding their behavior.Trade ReviewMarch of the Microbes is an impressive, entertaining tour of life's invisible realm. Combining history with new scientific discoveries, John Ingraham shows how microbes make their presence felt everywhere. You just have to know how to look for it. After reading this book, you will. -- Carl Zimmer, author of Microcosm: E. coli and the New Science of LifeTraverse the eclectic landscapes of soil, champagne, a Yellowstone spring, Italian salad dressing, and even the human stomach with microbiologist John L. Ingraham as your guide. This remarkable tour will transform novices into keen microbe-watchers in a mere 300 pages--which sounds like a lot, until you realize how much ground there is to cover in humanity's relationship with our most minuscule "friends." For instance, it was microbes that transformed the entire face of our planet, via the "Oxygen Revolution" some 3 billion years ago. We have them to thank for literally every breath we take. This is but one example. With the Earth estimated to have a nonillion (that's one followed by 30 zeros) microbes in and around it, we might as well get to know our tiny neighbors. * Seed *From the mundane (a smelly fish, a child with earache) to the exotic (hydrothermal vents), Ingraham presents the microbes behind so much of the world around us. He drives home the point that without these overlooked life forms we wouldn't be here at all...Ingraham's fresh perspective makes it an engaging read. -- Jo Marchant * New Scientist *Though most people are only familiar with microbes that cause disease (germs, etc.), those "felonious" microbes actually constitute a tiny percent of all microbes, and just a single chapter in this fascinating survey of single-celled organisms and their role in shaping life on Earth...Among other processes, Ingraham explains how vaccines have been developed, frequently with the aid of other microbes; the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles which make life possible; and how microbes give us cheese, wine, and other foodstuffs (though some, like xanthan gum, readers may not want to know about). Ingraham also discusses recently-discovered microbes inhabiting extreme environments (hot, cold, salty, etc.) that promise to tell us much about the evolution of life on Earth and what life on other planets might look like. Ingraham's entertaining, breezy style makes even difficult topics accessible, and every chapter contains intriguing anecdotes about microbes in history (did the CIA try to poison Castro's cigars with botulinum toxin?). Highly readable, engrossing, and endlessly informative, this is a standout example of science writing for general audiences. * Publishers Weekly online (starred review) *In this engaging treatment, the microbiologist shows readers the invisible world through observations about its macroscopic manifestations in a range of environments, from the kitchen to the abyss of the sea...Ingraham describes some of their malicious cousins who blight crops, kill trees, and sicken humans. Ingraham's clarity, plus touches of humor, augments the appeal of this fine contribution to popularizing science. -- Gilbert Taylor * Booklist *John Ingraham has written the definitive field guide for microbe watching, a branch of natural history that, to the uninitiated, might seem oxymoronic. Microorganisms being, by definition, creatures too small to be seen by the unaided eye, one might wonder...why anyone would need a guide to seeing the unseeable. Read just a few pages, however, and the puzzle is solved. Sure, microbes are tiny, but they are so prolific that their effects on the world are both profound and highly visible--from the black mold on bathroom walls to the red tide that sporadically discolors and poisons long expanses of shoreline...He blends the deep knowledge of an academic with the passion of a microbe watcher extraordinaire--which makes this guide as entertaining as it is informative. -- Laurence A. Marschall * Natural History *Table of Contents* Foreword * The Microbial Landscape * Just Acquiring Metabolic Energy * Food and Drink * Living Together * Cycling Nitrogen * Cycling Sulfur * Cycling Carbon * Hostile Environments * Fungi, Hostile and Benign * Viruses * Felonious Bacteria * Shapers of Weather, Geology, and the Environment * Closer to Us * Survivors * Notes * Glossary * Index

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Onstott so beautifully conveys his excitement that laypeople and scientists alike will find [Deep Life] a worthwhile read."--Publishers Weekly "Deep Life tackles one of the most mysterious, sexiest questions in science today: Is there life beyond Earth? ... Onstott's argument is both profound--we can't understand life on other planets without understanding life on our own--and surprising, pleasing any amateur extraterrestrial beep hunter."--Sarah Sloat, Inverse "Extreme environments beneath Earth's surface could well be the crucible where life was forged, and studying the weird creatures that live in such locales could well shed light on how life could endure in Mars' deep crust or Europa's hidden ocean. Geoscientist Tullis C. Onstott brings you along on the hunt."--Alan Boyle, GeekWire "Life can thrive in the most inhospitable places. And finding out just how inhospitable has been the life's work of Tullis Onstott... While rooted in the earth, the study may also help in the quest to find life in the solar system and beyond. This amazing journey takes us from deep in a South African gold mine, to the ancient seabed below a desert floor to travel deep beneath the frozen Arctic tundra."--Cosmos MagazineTable of ContentsFOREWORD ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii ABBREVIATIONS xv INTRODUCTION 1 1 Triassic Park 12 2 The Treasure of Cerro Negro 56 3 Bikers, Bombs, and the Death-o-Meter 103 4 Microbes in Meteorites! 126 5 Life in Deepest, Darkest Africa 143 6 Hunting for Water and Carbon 172 7 The Subterranauts 198 8 A Lot of Breaks and One Lucky Strike 234 9 Life beneath the Ice 265 10 The Worm from Hell 333 EPILOGUE 357 APPENDIX A: Chronology of the Exploration of Subsurface Life 365 APPENDIX B: Chronology of the Meeting of the U.S. DOE's SSP Meetings 377 NOTES 381 REFERENCES 463 INDEX 473

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Book SynopsisThis text is a comprehensive guide to the highly varied mycoflora of Cape Cod. It contains accurate and up-to-date descriptions and over 150 colour illustrations that help the reader identify over 250 indigenous mushroom species.

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Book SynopsisThe first edition of this book, published in 1982 by the University of Queensland Press, established itself as the main introductory textbook on marine parasitology. The second edition has been revised to take account of recent advances and includes an additional chapter on the structure of marine parasite communities. There are also new sections on pollution, translocations of hosts and parasites, and on the effects of parasites on the aquaculture of marine fish, molluscs and crustacea. The chapters covering ecological, zoogeographical and economic aspects have also been significantly changed. Aimed particularly at students and research workers in parasitology and marine biology, the book will also be of interest to ecologists, biologists concerned with zoogeographical problems, and to aquaculturists, fish and fisheries biologists.Table of Contents1: The nature of parasitism 2: The types of marine parasites 3: The variety of hosts of marine parasites 4: Parasites of parasites 5: General adaptations of parasitic animals 6: Host-parasite interactions 7: The ecological niches of parasites 8: The structure of parasite communities 9: Characteristics of parasite faunas of different seas 10: Economic and hygienic importance of marine parasites 11: Future research

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