Meteorology and climatology Books

Book SynopsisThis book aims to provide an advanced R software approach that can carry out rainfall trend analysis using Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator tests. The research study follows a systematic approach while utilizing R software as it can greatly facilitate the analysis of rainfall trends. About 30 stations located in the study area and 41 to 50 years’ time series were selected for the purpose of analysis. The data for the research was collected from the State Water Data Centre (SWDC) in Gujarat, Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) in Pune, DAAC (NASA), and ESRI. Cluster analysis has been performed to analyze the variability of the mean rainfall. The stations have been divided into 2 clusters with 17 and 13 stations in each cluster which significantly differ from each other. This book is aimed at researchers, scientists and government organizations working in the field of climate change. Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Literature survey.- Chapter 3. Study area and data collection.- Chapter 4. Methodology.- Chapter 5. Computations.- Chapter 6. Results and discussion.- Chapter 7. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis revised edition describes the transformation of the environment and landscape of Western Sørkapp Land based on research data collected by Jagiellonian University scientific expeditions in the period 1980–1986 and in 2008. It also outlines potential directions of the transformation of Western Sørkapp Land.Western Sørkapp Land has been experiencing dramatic natural changes such as glacial recession, coastline retreat, emergence of new landforms and Quaternary deposits, as well as changes in the water drainage and network due to global warming. Western Sørkapp Land is a very remote and diverse region, which is representative of the European Arctic. The establishment of South Spitsbergen National Park has led to a regeneration of the local reindeer herd, which has caused overgrazing of the local tundra resulting in altered plant communities and soil erosion. They have also destroyed numerous bird nests. The transformation of Western Sørkapp Land is set to continue. Trade Review"This slim volume (92 pages) reports on approximately 25 years of landscape change in Sørkapp Land, the southern peninsula of Spitsbergen, the largest island of the Svalbard Archipelago. Field research was conducted by a team of Polish scientists from Jagiellonian University, the legacy of an initial visit to the region by physical geographer Zdzislaw Czeppe during the International Geophysical Year 1957–1958. His interest in the research potential of the area was piqued, which led to a series of interdisciplinary summer expeditions beginning in 1980. The emphasis was on mapping abiotic and biotic features at a large scale (1:25 000 – 1:50 000). This resulted in a baseline of spatially detailed data that another team was able to repeat in an effort to detect change after another quarter century had passed." (Bruce Forbes, Polar Record, Vol. 51, Issue 3, 2015)Table of Contents1 Introduction: Study Area and Its Environmental Recognition.- 2 Methods and materials.- 3 Components of natural environment.- 4 Environmental and landscape changes.- 5 Conclusions and prognosis for environmental change.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a unique, transdisciplinary summary of the state of the art of disaster risk reduction (DRR) in Indonesia. It provides a comprehensive overview of disaster risk governance across all levels and multiple actors including diverse perspectives from practitioners and researchers on the challenges and progress of DRR in Indonesia. The book includes novel and emerging topics such as the role of culture, religion, psychology and the media in DRR. It is essential reading for students, researchers, and policy makers seeking to understand the nature and variety of environmental hazards and risk patterns affecting Indonesia.Following the introduction, the book has four main parts of key discussions. Part I presents disaster risk governance from national to local level and its integration into development sectors, Part II focuses on the roles of different actors for DRR, Part III discusses emerging issues in DRR research and practice, and Part IV puts forward variety of methods and studies to measure hazards, risks and community resilience.Table of ContentsPart I: Hazards and risks in Indonesia.- Chapter 1. Volcanic eruption.- Chapter 2. Earthquake.- Chapter 3. Tsunami.- Chapter 4. Landslide.- Chapter 5. Flood.- Chapter 6. Windstorm.- Chapter 7. Forest fire. Chapter 8. Coastal erosion.- Part II: Measuring and Reducing Vulnerability.- Chapter 9. Poverty and disaster.- Chapter 10. Gender and disaster.- Chapter 11. Children, youth and disaster.- Chapter 12. Ethics, culture, religion and disaster.- Chapter 13. Building community resilience at the coastal areas.-Part III: Institutions and governance for DRR.- Chapter 14. Actors and programming/activities at the national level.- Chapter 15. Actors and programming/activities at the sub-national level.- Chapter 16. Actors and programming/activities at the local level: case study of Kendari City.- Chapter 17. Programs by international agencies: UNDP, Mercy Corps, USAID.- Chapter 18. Programs by international agencies: MPBI, HFI.- Chapter 19. Financing DRR: World Bank.- Chapter 20. Research activities: ITB, IPB, TDMCR, UNU.- Part IV: Managing Disaster risks.- Chapter 21. Tsunami Early warning system.- Chapter 22. Community preparedness.- Chapter 23. On physical reconstruction.- Chapter 24. 10 Years of Aceh tsunami.- Part V: DRR and beyond.- Chapter 25. Role of Indonesia in the ASEAN region.- Chapter 26. Review of the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action, and the SFDRR MPBI.- Chapter 27. Latest DRR and CCA Integration in Indonesia.- Chapter 28. The SDGs RD.

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Book SynopsisA study of the fundamental theory of waves appropriate for first year graduate students in oceanography, meteorology and associated sciences. Starting with an elementary overview of the basic wave concept, specific wave phenomena are then examined, including: surface gravity waves, internal gravity waves, lee waves, waves in the presence of rotation, and geostrophic adjustment. Each wave topic is used to introduce either a new technique or concept in general wave theory. Emphasis is placed on connectivity between the various subjects and on the physical interpretation of the mathematical results. The book contains numerous exercises at the end of the respective chapters.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: Praise for Joseph Pedlosky's Waves in the ocean and atmosphere American Meteorological Society "This title presents a study of the fundamental theory of waves appropriate for first year graduate students. After an elementary overview of the basic wave concept, specific phenomena are then examined, including surface and internal gravity waves, lee waves, geostrophic adjustment, wave-mean flow interaction, and unstable waves. Each wave topic is used to introduce either a new technique or concept in general wave theory. Emphasis is placed on connectivity between the various subjects and on the physical interpretation of the mathematical results" "Pedlosky has spent his time well in writing Waves in the Ocean and Atmosphere. … The writing is informal and engaging. … the clarity of the figures and text is uniformly high. … my message to students and researchers working in the fields of atmospheric and oceanic dynamics is ‘buy this book’. You will find it an invaluable reference work." (Andrew J. Willmott, Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, Vol. 99 (4), August, 2005) "This book is based on the author’s lecture notes for a core course on wave theory … . The treatment is avowedly informal, making the presentation more easily accessible to beginning students … . the book is a welcome contribution to the literature by a distinguished investigator … . It can benefit students whether or not it is the required text for a course, and can be used as well as a reference or guide by others. The opportunity to share the insights of a teacher … should not be missed." (John Merrill, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, April, 2005) Table of Contents1 Introduction.- 2 Kinematic Generalization.- 3 Equations of Motion; Surface Gravity Waves.- 4 Fields of Motion in Gravity Waves and Energy.- 5 The Initial Value Problem.- 6 Discussion of Initial Value Problem [Continued).- 7 Internal Gravity Waves.- 8 Internal Waves, Group Velocity and Reflection.- 9 WKB Theory for Internal Gravity Waves.- 10 Vertical Propagation of Waves: Steady Flow and the Radiation Condition.- 11 Rotation and Potential Vorticity.- 12 Large-Scale Hydrostatic Motions.- 13 Shallow Water Waves in a Rotating Fluid; Poincare and Kelvin Waves.- 14 Rossby Waves.- 15 Rossby Waves (Continued), Quasi-Geostrophy.- 16 Energy and Energy Flux in Rossby Waves.- 17 Laplace Tidal Equations and the Vertical Structure Equation.- 18 Equatorial Beta-Plane and Equatorial Waves.- 19 Stratified Quasi-Geostrophic Motion and Instability Waves.- 20 Energy Equation and Necessary Conditions for Instability.- 21 Wave-Mean Flow Interaction.- Problems.- References.

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Book SynopsisClimate Change and the Law is the first scholarly effort to systematically address doctrinal issues related to climate law as an emergent legal discipline. It assembles some of the most recognized experts in the field to identify relevant trends and common themes from a variety of geographic and professional perspectives.In a remarkably short time span, climate change has become deeply embedded in important areas of the law. As a global challenge calling for collective action, climate change has elicited substantial rulemaking at the international plane, percolating through the broader legal system to the regional, national and local levels. More than other areas of law, the normative and practical framework dedicated to climate change has embraced new instruments and softened traditional boundaries between formal and informal, public and private, substantive and procedural; so ubiquitous is the reach of relevant rules nowadays that scholars routinely devote attention to the intersection of climate change and more established fields of legal study, such as international trade law.Climate Change and the Law explores the rich diversity of international, regional, national, sub-national and transnational legal responses to climate change. Is climate law emerging as a new legal discipline? If so, what shared objectives and concepts define it? How does climate law relate to other areas of law? Such questions lie at the heart of this new book, whose thirty chapters cover doctrinal questions as well as a range of thematic and regional case studies. As Christiana Figueres, Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), states in her preface, these chapters collectively provide a “review of the emergence of a new discipline, its core principles and legal techniques, and its relationship and potential interaction with other disciplines.”Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This edited collection provides a unique contribution to the scholarship debate on climate change. … This volume is thus a solid collection of pieces which I would certainly recommend to anyone who wish to gain an improved understanding of the complex web of legal norms addressing climate change. … the book also represents an interesting reference tool for policy makers and practitioners involved in the ongoing discussions on climate change regulation and governance.” (Emanuela Orlando, Cambridge Law Journal, Vol. 72 (3), November, 2013)Table of ContentsTable of Contents.- Contributors.- Abbreviations.- 1. Introduction: Climate Change and the Law; Erkki J. Hollo, Kati Kulovesi and Michael Mehling.- Part I: Climate Law as an Emerging Discipline.- 2. Implementing Climate Law: Instrument Choice and Interaction; Michael Mehling.- 3. Exploring the Landscape of Climate Law and Scholarship: Two Emerging Trends; Kati Kulovesi.- 4. Climate Change and Justice: Perspectives of Legal Theory; Felix Ekardt.- Part II: International Climate Law.- Section I: Architecture and Institutions.- 5. Foundations of International Climate Law: Objectives, Principles and Methods; Rowena Maguire.- 6. Alternative Venues of Climate Cooperation: An Institutional Perspective; Camilla Bausch and Michael Mehling.- 7. Analyzing Soft Law and Hard Law in Climate Change; Antto Vihma.- 8. Compliance and Enforcement in the Climate Change Regime; Meinhard Doelle.- Section II: Cross-Cutting Issues.- 9. The New Framework for Climate Finance under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: A Breakthrough or an Empty Promise?; Yulia Yamineva and Kati Kulovesi.- 10. Climate Justice: The Clean Development Mechanism as a Case Study; Tomilola Eni-ibukun.- 11. Legal Aspects of Climate Change Adaptation; Jonathan Verschuuren.- 12. Climate Change and Human Rights; Timo Koivurova, Sébastien Duyck and Leena Heinämäki.- Section III: Sectoral Issues.- 13. Managing the Fragmentation of International Climate Law; Harro van Asselt.- 14. No Need to Reinvent the Wheel for a Human Rights-Based Approach to Tackling Climate Change: The Contribution of International Biodiversity Law; Elisa Morgera.- 15. The Role of REDD in the Harmonization of Overlapping International Obligations; Annalisa Savaresi.- 16. Climate Change and Trade: At the Intersection of Two International Legal Regimes; Kati Kulovesi.- 17. Climate Law and Geoengineering; Ralph Bodle.- Part III: Comparative Climate Law.- 18. Climate Law in the United States: Facing Structural and Procedural Barriers; Michael Mehling and David Frenkil.- 19. Canada and the Kyoto Protocol: An Aesop Fable; Jane Matthews Glenn and Jose Otero.- 20. Climate Law in the European Union: Accidental Success or Deliberate Leadership?; Michael Mehling and Kati Kulovesi.- 21. Climate Law in Germany; Felix Ekardt.- 22. Climate Law in the United Kingdom; Colin T. Reid.- 23. Climate Law and Policy in Russia: A Peasant Needs Thunder to Cross Himself and Wonder; Yulia Yamineva.- 24. Australia: From ‘No Regrets’ to A Clean Energy Future?; Sharon Mascher and David Hodgkinson.- 25. Climate Law and Policy in Japan; Hitomi Kimura.- 26. Sustainable Development and Climate Policy and Law in China; Christopher Tung.- 27. India’s Evolving Climate Change Strategy; Namrata Patodia Rastogi.- 28. Climate Change Responses in South Africa; Ed Couzens and Michael Kidd.- 29. Climate Change Policy and Legislation in Brazil; Haroldo Machado Filho.- 30. Climate Law in Latin American Countries; Soledad Aguilar and Eugenia Recio.

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on two major challenges in the climate sciences: 1) to describe the decadal-to-centennial variations in instrumental and proxy records; and 2) to distinguish between anthropogenic variations and natural variability. The National Taiwan University invited some of the world's leading experts across the areas of observational analysis, mathematical theory, and modeling to discuss these two issues. The outcome of the meeting is the 23 chapters in this book that review the state of the art in theoretical, observational and modeling research on internal, unforced and externally forced climate variability. The main conclusion of this research is that internal climate variability on decadal and longer time scales is so large that sidestepping it may lead to false estimates of the climate's sensitivity to anthropogenic forcing.World Scientific Series on Asia-Pacific Weather and Climate is indexed in SCOPUS.Table of ContentsIntroduction and Theoretical Approaches: Attribution of Climate Change in the Presence of Internal Variability; Mathematical Theory of Climate Sensitivity; Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem; Parameterization of Cross-Scale Interaction; Dynamics of Nonlinear Error Growth; Adaptive Approach for Nonlinear and Nonstationary Processes; Low-Frequency Oceanic Variability and Atmospheric Impacts: Internal Southern Ocean Centennial Variability; Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation; North Atlantic Multidecadal Variability and Predictability; Pacific Interdecadal Climate Variability; Global-Scale Decadal Hyper Modes; Observational and Modeling Studies: Recurrent Multidecadal Oscillation in Global Temperature and 21st Century Projections; Sea Ice Variability Over Decadal and Longer Timescales; Multi-Year Prediction and Predictability; Decadal Hydroclimate Variability Across the Americas; Interhemispheric and Long-Term Variations in Tropical Climate Over 20th - 21st Centuries; Climate of China in the Holocene; Tropical Cyclones and Monsoons: North Atlantic Hurricane Activity: Past, Present and Future; Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity on Decadal and Longer Scales; Record-Breaking Increase in Taiwan Typhoon Rainfall Since the Late 20th Century; Multidecadal Variability in Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall Using Proxy Data; South-Flood North-Drought Pattern Over Eastern China and the Drying of the Gangetic Plain; Impacts of Aerosols on the Asian Monsoon.

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Book SynopsisWhy is the sky blue? Parents don't know what to say when their children ask. This illustrated work answers this ancient and surprisingly complex question. It takes the reader on a historical and scientific journey to show the various ways people in different times and places have explained why the sky looks blue.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2010 Louis J. Battan Author's Award, American Meteorological Society Honorable Mention for the 2007 Atmospheric Science Librarians International Choice Award, Historical Category "As Gotz Hoeppe's excellent history of our attempts to explain the blue of the sky shows, from moments of wonder...scientific theories grow...A thorough and detailed history."--P. D. Smith, Times Literary Supplement Praise for the original German edition: "Hoeppe has succeeded in something completely special: the book combines the research of the natural sciences with philosophical and cultural reflections--all elegantly expressed."--Saarlandischer Rundfunk "Delivering far more than the title promises, Hoeppe's book describes an intellectual quest that began with the ancients. He details our growing understanding of the sky's light, and the insights and experiments that brought it about... A well-illustrated, rewarding read."--Jon Richfield, New Scientist "Hoeppe offers accessible insights into a question that extends well beyond the realm of science."--Deutsche-Welle "This book could as easily have been titled 'Is the Sky Blue?' And the answer to that is yes and no... One of the interesting things about Why the Sky is Blue is that as a German, Hoeppe spreads credit for the development of physics farther east than most popular scientific histories in English do. He also presents a number of phenomena that readers can try out in their backyards."--Harry Eagar, Maui News "Sure we all know it's blue, and most of us know why. Or, at least we think we know why. This book shows that our sky comes in as many shades of blue as a painter has in their palette. But each shade has a natural explanation, hence the size and value of this enlightening book. Hoeppe's book works through humanity's understanding of the phenomenon of the blue sky by advancing chronologically...[The] attention to detail, the thoroughness of his review and the vibrant style of writing (even though a translation) make this book worthwhile reading."--Mark Mortimer, Universe Today "This wonderful, discursive book begins with a child's common question and proceeds to provide and interdisciplinary answer with historical perspective and insight...[Hoeppe] enhances the very perception of both the immediate and farthest reaches of the universe."--N. Sadanand, Choice "Why the Sky Is Blue is popular science at its best. In fact, it is considerably more than that: in ten chapters, an epilogue, several appendices, notes, and a bibliography of further reading, the book provides a broad overview since classical antiquity of how scholars have grappled with explanations for the intriguing blue color of the sky above us all. As it turns out, the simple question, why the sky is blue, requires a veritable tour de force through western cultural history and the history of science for a complete and satisfactory answer."--Hans J. Rindisbacher, European Legacy "The subject of this book is interesting enough in its own right, but equally importantly, it is an informative case study of the ways that human thinking has progressed in our attempts to understand the world in which we live."--David Kay, Cosmos Magazine "Why the Sky Is Blue answers an ancient and surprisingly complex question in an entertaining and accessible way."--Lunar & Planetary Information Bulletin "Overall, I found the book to be very well written and translated, well illustrated, and an easy and quite enjoyable read. The author makes use of a number of stories to enhance the subject matter that will make this a very useful textbook for those teaching high school or lower-division undergraduate level courses on the subjects of optics, atmospheric science, and history of science. Noting that there are few books that are currently available on the subject that deal with this historical perspective, I would wholeheartedly recommend this book."--Jeffrey S. Gaffney, Bulletin of the American Meteorological SocietyTable of ContentsList of Illustrations ix List of Tables xvii Acknowledgments xix Prologue: Looking at the Sky 1 Chapter 1: Of Philosophers and the Color Blue 9 Chapter 2: A Blue Mixture: Light and Darkness 31 Chapter 3: Aerial Perspective 52 Chapter 4: A Color of the First Order 77 Chapter 5: Basic Phenomenon, or Optical Illusion? 108 Chapter 6: A Polarized Sky 131 Chapter 7: Lord Rayleigh's Scattering 169 Chapter 8: Molecular Reality 203 Chapter 9: Ozone's Blue Hour 235 Chapter 10: The Color of Life 261 Epilogue 289 Appendix A: Determining the Height of the Atmosphere from the Duration of Twilight 291 Appendix B: Blue Eyes as Turbid Media 293 Appendix C: A Simple Derivation of the Inverse Fourth Power Law 295 Appendix D: Atmospheric Extinction and Avogadro's Number 297 Notes 299 Further Reading 311 Index 325

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Book SynopsisThis first modern study to focus on James Cook’s polar adventures, Captain Cook Rediscovered introduces an entirely new explorer who is more at home along the edge of the polar ice packs than the Pacific’s sandy beaches.Trade ReviewDavid Nicandri has ransacked the archives and libraries in order to demonstrate, which he fully does, his view that, although many have seen Cook as an explorer of the tropics, it is in icy wastes and choked channels that Cook was at his best as a careful navigator and observer. -- Barry Gough, Victoria, BC * BC Studies, Issue 209 *Ambitious … courageous … [Nicandri] targets inconsistencies in the scholarly treatment of Cook's actions … an unquestionably strong book. -- Eric Oakley, Kennesaw State University * Pacific Northwest Quarterly *David Nicandri's Introduction to this elegant volume summarises the arguments that he develops at length...few will change their minds entirely on reading Nicandri's arguments, but for many (including this reviewer) the book will make them look afresh at the well-worn accounts of Cook's three voyages. -- Glyn Williams * Cook's Log, Vol. 44 *Captain Cook Rediscovered is an impressively researched book...There is no denying the quality of Nicandri's historical work. When read alongside the works of Ryan Tucker Jones and Bathsheba Demuth, this book proves essential in helping us better understand European exploration of the North Pacific. -- Michael A. Hill, The University of Kansas * Alaska History *Table of ContentsIntroductionPart 1: Prequels1 The North Sea and Canada2 The Republic of Letters 3 The South Pacific Part 2: A Frozen World4 Toward the South Pole 5 The Limit of Ambition6 Temporizing in the Tropics7 Cook and Forster, on IcePart 3: A Third Voyage8 An Ancient Quest: A New Mission9 Southern Staging Grounds10 Terra Borealis11 Blink12 Northern Interlude13 Intimations of MortalityPart 4: Sequels14 Springtime in Kamchatka15 Diminishing Returns16 Seeding the Fur Trade on the Voyage HomeConclusionNotes; Bibliography; Photo Credits; Index

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Book SynopsisThis book is a thorough introduction to climate science and global change. The author is a geologist who has spent much of his life investigating the climate of Earth from a time when it was warm and dinosaurs roamed the land, to today's changing climate. Bill Hay takes you on a journey to understand how the climate system works. He explores how humans are unintentionally conducting a grand uncontrolled experiment which is leading to unanticipated changes. We follow the twisting path of seemingly unrelated discoveries in physics, chemistry, biology, geology, and even mathematics to learn how they led to our present knowledge of how our planet works. He explains why the weather is becoming increasingly chaotic as our planet warms at a rate far faster than at any time in its geologic past. He speculates on possible future outcomes, and suggests that nature itself may make some unexpected course corrections. Although the book is written for the layman with little knowledge of science or mathematics, it includes information from many diverse fields to provide even those actively working in the field of climatology with a broader view of this developing drama. Experimenting on a Small Planet is a must read for anyone having more than a casual interest in global warming and climate change - one of the most important and challenging issues of our time. This new edition includes actual data from climate science into 2021. Numerous Powerpoint slides can be downloaded to allow lecturers and teachers to more effectively use the book as a basis for climate change education.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Discovering Climate.- Chapter 3. The Language of Science.- Chapter 4. Applying Mathematics to Problems.- Chapter 5. Geologic Time.- Chapter 6. Putting Numbers on Geologic Ages.- Chapter 7. Documenting Past Climate Change.- Chapter 8. The Nature of Energy Received From the Sun – The Analogies with Water Waves and Sound.- Chapter 9. The Nature of Energy Received From the Sun---Figuring Out What Light Really Is.- Chapter 10. Exploring the Electromagnetic Spectrum.- Chapter 11. The Origins of Climate Science---The Idea Of Energy Balance.- Chapter 12. The Climate System.- Chapter 13. What’s At The Bottom of Alice’s Rabbit Hole.- Chapter 14. Energy from the Sun---Long-Term Variations.- Chapter 15. Solar Variability and Cosmic Rays.- Chapter 16. Albedo.- Chapter 17. Air.- Chapter 18. HOH---The Keystone Of Earth’s Climate.- Chapter 19. The Atmosphere.- Chapter 20. Oxygen and Ozone---Products and Protectors of Life.- Chapter 21. Water Vapor---The Major Greenhouse Gas.- Chapter 22. Carbon Dioxide.- Chapter 23. Other Greenhouse Gases.- Chapter 24. The Earth Is a Sphere and Rotates.- Chapter 25. The Coriolis Effect.- Chapter 26. The Circulation of Earth’s Atmosphere.- Chapter 27. The Circulation of Earth’s Oceans.- Chapter 28. The Biological Interactions.- Chapter 29. Sea Level.- Chapter 30. Global Climate Change---The Geologically Immediate Past.- Chapter 31. Human Impacts on the Environment and Climate.- Chapter 32. Predictions of the Future of Humanity.- Chapter 33. Is there an Analog for the Future Climate.- Chapter 34. The Instrumental Temperature Record.- Chapter 35. The Changing Climate of the Polar Regions.- Chapter 36. Global, Regional and Local Effects of Our Changing Climate.- Chapter 37. Final Thoughts.

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Book SynopsisThe oceans exert a vital moderating influence on the Earth's climate system. They provide inertia to the global climate, essentially acting as the pacemaker of climate variability and change, and they provide heat to high latitudes, keeping them habitable. This title offers a short, self-contained introduction to the subject.Trade Review"This easy-to-read illustrated book, filled with both data and accessible mathematical equations demonstrating the impact of the oceans on the Earth's climate, offers practitioners and stakeholders' state-of-the-art scientific analysis of how the oceans and climate interact that is both user friendly to the non-expert yet scientifically rigorous enough as bridge material for graduate students as they grapple with the compelling field of climate science and oceanography... These books at Princeton Primers in Climate are a superb resource to find meticulous, detailed, and clearly presented facts on climate change science."--Gabriel Thoumi, MongaBay.com "This is an excellent primer on the physical processes that control interactions within and between the atmosphere and ocean... It is a quick read that would be appropriate for scientists looking for information on the salient points of ocean-atmosphere interactions and climate. It would also serve as a useful complementary resource for an introductory-level course in oceanography."--Choice "I absolutely recommend this book. Those expecting a primer on oceans and climate will be rewarded with much more than a book that teaches the basics of a subject. I have taught about the ocean for more than 20 years and I still found plenty of insights in this text that will enhance my own teaching of undergraduate and graduate students."--Susan Lozier, Bulletin of the American Meteorological SocietyTable of ContentsPreface vii Chapter 1: Basics of Climate 1 Chapter 2: The Oceans: A Descriptive Overview 22 Chapter 3: A Brief Introduction to Dynamics 41 Chapter 4: The Ocean Circulation 75 Chapter 5: The Ocean's Overall Role in Climate 105 Chapter 6: Climate Variability from Weeks to Years 128 Chapter 7: Global Warming and the Ocean 156 Notes 205 Further Reading 211 Glossary 215 References 223 Index 229

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewIn his deeply researched and exciting new book, A Cold Welcome, the historian Sam White focuses on the true stories of the English, Spanish, and French colonial expeditions in North America. He tells strange and surprising tales of drought, famine, bitterly cold winters, desperation, and death, while anchoring his research in the methods and results of the science of climate change and historical climatology…He weaves an intricate, complex tapestry as he examines the effects both of climate—meteorological conditions over relatively long periods of time—and of weather—the conditions of the atmosphere over a short term—on vulnerable colonists in North America in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries…His fresh account of the climatic forces shaping the colonization of North America differs significantly from long-standing interpretations of those early calamities. -- Susan Dunn * New York Review of Books *Meticulous environmental-historical detective work… White’s aim is to show how the patterns of European colonization in North America in the century before 1620 were driven by the engagement between settlers and the climatic and environmental conditions they encountered… A Cold Welcome is a pioneering and precise environmental history of the European settlement of North America. -- Robert J. Mayhew * Times Literary Supplement *Sam White’s aptly named A Cold Welcome is a remarkable journey through the complex impacts of the Little Ice Age on Colonial North America. His compelling narrative takes the study of early America in a new, and potentially highly important, direction that delves into a now vanished world of daunting climatic extremes. This beautifully written, important book leaves us in no doubt that we ignore the chronicle of past climate change at our peril. I found it hard to put down. -- Brian Fagan, author of The Little Ice AgeA Cold Welcome deserves a warm reception from anyone interested in colonial America, the early modern Atlantic, or the history of changing climates. Taking a holistic view of North America, White brilliantly illuminates the history of early Spanish, French, and English settlements as they struggled to come to grips with unexpected climates and a challenging spell during the Little Ice Age. -- J. R. McNeill, coauthor of The Great AccelerationThe period from 1492 to 1620 is the ‘forgotten century’ in American history, with most textbooks offering only a passing mention to early European exploration and settlement in North America. In fact, there were dozens of attempts to penetrate the continent, but all ended in starvation, disease, violence, and death. In A Cold Welcome, White explains how the Little Ice Age contributed to these failures. By combining archival research with the latest findings of climate scientists, he makes a brilliant contribution to both American and environmental history. -- Daniel Headrick, author of Power over PeoplesIn the barbarous early years of European colonization of North America, there have long been three acknowledged Horsemen of the Apocalypse: poor planning, cultural incomprehension, and bad timing. Sam White reminds us of a fourth deadly rider: climate change. His analysis of the Little Ice Age in North America makes the crucial point that failure to understand and adapt to climate change has been fatal. -- Joyce E. Chaplin, author of Round About the EarthWhite presents a fascinating account of Europeans’ 16th and early 17th century incursions into North America to highlight that colonial exploration was impeded by famines, diseases, afflictions and deaths for the British, the French, and the Spanish as they faced storms, icy winters, hurricanes, droughts, and extreme cold spells…In making climate history and climate reconstruction part of a contextualized historical inquiry, White not only stresses what was, but also implies what could have been for the early European expansion into Northern America…Beautifully written and skillfully researched, this book is highly relevant for scholars interested in the ways in which colonial history has been shaped at the intersection of human societies and the natural world, and more widely for all who seek to understand the consequences of present-day climate change on contemporary and future human communities…White’s book constitutes a reminder of the deleterious effects of uncontrolled climatic variations throughout social history, and yet another warning. -- Hélène B. Ducros * EuropeNow *An environmental historian by trade, [White] has produced a highly readable study of how people struggled to exist and gain a foothold in unfamiliar lands. -- Brian Renvall * Library Journal *Today, as we confront an uncertain future from global warming, A Cold Welcome reminds us of the risks of a changing and unfamiliar climate. * Northeastern Naturalist *

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Book SynopsisThis reference volume for academic researchers and industry practitioners provides an overview of the major geophysical techniques for monitoring underground storage of carbon dioxide from major industrial sources. Chapters by eminent researchers, illustrated with key case studies, discuss best practice for carbon management and outlooks for the future.Table of ContentsPart I. Introduction: 1. Climate change and the role of CCS in mitigation John Gale and Malcolm Wilson; 2. The role of geophysics in CCS David Lumley; 3. Goals of CO2 monitoring Thomas M. Daley and William Harbert; Part II. Geophysical Techniques: 4. Rock physics of CO2 storage monitoring in porous media Thomas M. Daley; 5. Multicomponent seismic monitoring Tom Davis and Martin Landrø; 6. Monitoring the deformation associated with the geological storage of CO2 Donald W. Vasco, Alessandro Ferretti, Alessio Rucci, Sergey V. Samsonov and Don White; 7. Gravity – surface and borehole Ola Eiken; 8. Estimating saturation and density changes caused by CO2 injection at Sleipner Martin Landrø and Mark Zumberge; 9. Electrical and electromagnetics methods Erika Gasperikova and Michael Commer; 10. Microseismic imaging of CO2 injection Shawn Maxwell; 11. Well logging Zaki Bassiouni; Part III. Case Studies: 12. CO2 storage offshore Norway Eva K. Halland; 13. Twenty years of monitoring CO2 injection at Sleipner Ola Eiken; 14. Case studies of the value of 4-D, multicomponent seismic monitoring in CO2 EOR and geosequestration Tom Davis, Scott Wehner and Trevor Richards; 15. Integrated geophysical characterization and monitoring at the aquistore CO2 storage site Don White; 16. Development and analysis of a geostatic model for shallow CO2 injection at the field research station, Southern Alberta, Canada Donald C. Lawton, Jessica Dongas, Kirk Osadetz, Amin Saeedfar and Marie Macquet; 17. Seismic and ERT 3D monitoring at the ketzin pilot storage site in Germany Christopher Juhlin, Stefan Lüth, Monika Ivandic and Peter Bergmann; 18. Time-lapse seismic analysis of the CO2 injection into the Tubåen Formation at Snøhvit Sissel Grude and Martin Landrø; 19. Illinois Basin – Decatur Project Robert A. Bauer, Robert Will, Sallie Greenberg and Steven G. Whittaker; Part IV. Summary: 20. What Next? Tom Davis, Martin Landrø and Malcolm Wilson.

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Book SynopsisDieses Buch leistet einen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der konzeptionellen Umsetzung der Hochwasservorbeugung und zur Effektivierung des praktischen Handelns im integrierten Hochwasserrisikomanagement. Dem Autor ist es ein Anliegen, auch den bisher noch nicht von Hochwasser betroffenen Akteuren anhand praktischer Beispiele vor Augen zu führen, dass sie bei vorausschauendem Handeln viele unnötige Hochwasserschäden verhindern können und gleichzeitig einen Beitrag zur Umsetzung der EG-Hochwasserrisikomanagementrichtlinie leisten. Table of ContentsEinleitung - Integriertes Hochwasserrisikomanagement - EG-Hochwasserrisikomanagementrichtlinie - Wasserwirtschaftliche Ausgangslage - Hochwasserereignis 2002 - Risikomanagement während des Ereignisses - Schäden und Sofortmaßnahmen - Hochwassernachsorge und Wiederaufbau - Hochwasservorbeugung - Fachliche Umsetzung der EG-Hochwasserrisikomanagementrichtlinie - Zusammenfassung - Ausblick

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Book SynopsisBased on more than twenty years of research and lecturing, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano and his team''s textbook provides an excellent introduction to the interactions between the atmosphere and the land for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and a reference text for researchers in atmospheric physics and chemistry, hydrology, and plant physiology. The combination of the book, which provides the essential theoretical concepts, and the associated interactive Chemistry Land-surface Atmosphere Soil Slab (CLASS) software, which provides hands-on practical exercises and allows students to design their own numerical experiments, will prove invaluable for learning about many aspects of the soil-vegetation-atmosphere system. This book has a modular and flexible structure, allowing instructors to accommodate it to their own learning-outcome needs.Trade Review'While providing an introduction to the atmospheric boundary layer and the interactions and feedbacks within the land-atmosphere system, Dr. Vila-Guerau de Arellano and colleagues have created a valuable teaching and learning tool. The CLASS software guides and inspires active learning, and is straightforward to acquire and use. I recommend this textbook and software for undergraduate and graduate students, and as a reference for researchers in fields ranging from plant physiology to atmospheric science.' Natalie Schultz, Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology'The book is ideal for undergraduates and graduates majoring in atmospheric science and a perfect text for courses dealing with the physics, chemistry, and ecology of land-atmosphere interactions. The CLASS model and the supplementary videos available from the website … make the book an appealing companion for a short intensive course or a workshop on the topic. … many aspects of the book will be appreciated by meteorologists, hydrologists, ecologists, air pollution and climate scientists involved in courses dealing with the intersection between all these fields.' Gabriel G. Katul and Jose D. Fuentes, Boundary-Layer MeteorologyTable of ContentsPart I. The Land-Atmospheric Boundary Layer System: 1. Seeking interdisciplinary connections; Part II. The Uncoupled System: 2. Atmospheric boundary layer dynamics; 3. Atmospheric boundary layer chemistry; 4. Potential temperature budget: diurnal variation of temperature; 5. Moisture budget: diurnal variation of specific moisture; 6. Momentum budget: diurnal variation of wind; 7. Scalar and CO2 budget: contributions of surface, entrainment and advection; 8. Reactant budget: diurnal variation of ozone; Part III. The Coupled System: 9. Atmosphere-vegetation-soil interaction; 10. Numerical experiments: atmosphere-vegetation-soil interaction; 11. Representing dynamically the vegetation and soil exchanges of carbon dioxide; 12. Sensitivity of the atmosphere-vegetation-soil system to climate perturbations; 13. Case studies of more complex situations; Part IV. Processes Related to Boundary Layer Clouds: 14. The cloud-topped boundary layer: stratocumulus; 15. The scatter cloud-topped boundary layer: shallow cumulus; Part V. User's Guide: CLASS Modules and Variables: 16. CLASS modules; Appendices; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisFocuses on atmospheric chemistry. This book begins with atmospheric structure, design of simple models, atmospheric transport, and the continuity equation, and continues with geochemical cycles, the greenhouse effect, aerosols, stratospheric ozone, the oxidizing power of the atmosphere, smog, and acid rain.Trade Review"The book is well suited to support students in introductory courses and provides a sound physical basis for more advanced work."--ChoiceTable of ContentsPreface xi 1 - Measures of Atmospheric Composition 3 1.1 Mixing Ratio 3 1.2 Number Density 4 1.3 Partial Pressure 8 Further Reading 11 Problems 11 1.1 Fog Formation 11 1.2 Phase Partitioning of Water in Cloud 11 1.3 The Ozone Layer 11 2 - Atmospheric Pressure 14 2.1 Measuring Atmospheric Pressure 14 2.2 Mass of the Atmosphere 14 2.3 Vertical Profiles of Pressure and Temperature 16 2.4 Barometric Law 18 2.5 The Sea-Breeze Circulation 21 Problems 22 2.1 Scale Height of the Martian Atmosphere 22 2.2 Scale Height and Atmospheric Mass 22 3 - Simple Models 24 3.1 One-Box Model 25 3.1.1 Concept of Lifetime 25 3.1.2 Mass Balance Equation 27 3.2 Multibox Models 30 3.3 Puff Models 33 Problems 36 3.1 Atmospheric Steady State 36 3.2 Ventilation of Pollution from the United States 37 3.3 Stratosphere- Troposphere Exchange 37 3.4 Interhemispheric Exchange 39 3.5 Long Range Transport of Acidity 39 3.6 Box versus Column Model for an Urban Airshed 40 3.7 The Montreal Protocol 40 4 - Atmospheric Transport 42 4.1 Geostrophic Flow 42 4.1.1 Coriolis Force 42 4.1.2 Geostrophic Balance 46 4.2 The General Circulation 48 4.3 Vertical Transport 53 4.3.1 Buoyancy 53 4.3.2 Atmospheric Stability 55 4.3.3 Adiabatic Lapse Rate 56 4.3.4 Latent Heat Release from Cloud Formation 58 4.3.5 Atmospheric Lapse Rate 60 4.4 Turbulence 63 4.4.1 Description of Turbulence 64 4.4.2 Turbulent Flux 64 4.4.3 Parameterization of Turbulence 67 4.4.4 Time Scales for Vertical Transport 70 Further Readinng 71 Problems 71 4.1 Dilution of Power Plant Plumes 71 4.2 Short Questions on Atmospheric Transport 72 4.3 Seasonal Motion of the ITCZ 73 4.4 A Simple Boundary Layer Model 74 4.5 Breaking a Nightime Inversion 74 4.6 Wet Convection 75 4.7 Scavenging of Water in a Thunderstorm 76 4.8 Global Source of Methane 76 4.9 Role of Molecular Diffusion in Atmosheric Transport 77 4.10 Vertical Transport Near the Surface 78 5 - The Continuity Equation 79 5.1 Eulerian Form 79 5.1.1 Derivation 79 5.1.2 Discretization 81 5.2 Lagrangian Form 84 Further Reading 85 Problems 85 5.1 Turbulent Diffusion Coefficient 85 6 - Geochemical Cycles 87 6.1 Geochemical Cycling of Elements 87 6.2 Early Evolution of the Atmosphere 89 6.3 The Nitrogen Cycle 90 6.4 The Oxygen Cycle 94 6.5 The Carbon Cycle 97 6.5.1 Mass Balance of Atmospheric CO2 97 6 5.2 Carbonate Chemistry in the Ocean 97 6.5.3 Uptake of CO2 by the Ocean 100 6 5.4 Uptake of CO2 by the Terrestrial Biosphere 104 6 5.5 Box Model of the Carbon Cycle 105 Further Reading 107 Problems 107 6.1 Short Questions on the Oxygen Cycle 107 6.2 Short Questions on the Carbon Cycle 108 6.3 Atmospheric Residence Time of Helium 108 6.4 Methyl Bromide 109 6.5 Global Fertilization of the Biosphere 111 6.6 Ocean pH 111 6.7 Cycling of CO2 with the Terrestrial Biosphere 112 6.8 Sinks of Atmospheric CO2 Deduced from Changes in Atmospheric O2 113 6.9 Fossil Fuel CO2 Neutralization by Marine CaCO3 113 7 - The Greenhouse Effect 115 7.1 Radiation 118 7.2 Effective Temperature of the Earth 121 7.2.1 Solar and Terrestrial Emission Spectra 121 7.2.2 Radiative Balance of the Earth 122 7.3 Absorption of Radiation by the Atmosphere 126 7.3.1 Spectroscopy of Gas Molecules 126 7.3.2 A Simple Greenhouse Model 128 7.3.3 Interpretation of the Terrestrial Radiation Spectrum 131 7.4 Radiative Forcing 133 7.4.1 Definition of Radiative Forcing 133 7.4.2 Application 135 7.4.3 Radiative Forcing and Surface Temperature 137 7.5 Water Vapor and Cloud Feedbacks 138 7.5.1 Water Vapor 138 7.5.2 Clouds 140 7.6 Optical Depth 140 Further Reading 142 Problems 142 7.1 Climate Response to Changes in Ozone 142 7.2 Interpretation of the Terrestrial Radiation Spectrum 143 7.3 Jupiter and Mars 144 7.4 The "Faint Sun " Problem 144 7.5 Planetary Skin 145 7.6 Absorption in the Atmospheric Window 145 8 - Aerosols 146 8.1 Sources and Sinks of Aerosols 146 8.2 Radiative Effects 148 8.2.1 Scattering of Radiation 148 8.2.2 Visibility Reduction 150 8.2.3 Perturbation to Climate 151 Further Reading 154 Problems 155 8.1 Residence Times of Aerosols 155 8.2 Aerosols and Radiation 155 9 - Chemical Kinetics 157 9.1 Rate Expressions for Gas-Phase Reactions 157 9.1.1 Bimolecular Reactions 157 9.1.2 Three-Body Reactions 158 9.2 Reverse Reactions and Chemical Equilibria 159 9.3 Photolysis 160 9.4 Radical-Assisted Reaction Chains 161 Further Reading 163 10 - Stratospheric Ozone 164 10.1 Chapman Mechanism 164 10.1.1 The Mechanism 164 10.1.2 Steady-State Solution 166 10.2 Catalytic Loss Cycles 171 10.2.1 Hydrogen Oxide Radicals (HOx) 171 10.2.2 Nitrogen Oxide Radicals (NOx)) 172 10.2.3 Chlorine Radicals (CIOx) 177 10.3 Polar Ozone Loss 179 10.3.1 Mechanism for Ozone Loss 181 10.3.2 PSC Formation 183 10.3.3 Chronology of the Ozone Hole 185 Problems 191 10.1 Shape of the Ozone Layer 191 10.2 The Chapman Mechanism and Steady State 191 10.3 The Detailed Chapman Mechanism 192 10.4 HOx-Catalyzed Ozone Loss 193 10.5 Chlorine Chemistry at Midlatitudes 193 10.6 Partitioning of Cly 195 10.7 Bromine-Catalyzed Ozone Loss 196 10.8 Limitation of Antarctic Ozone Depletion 197 10.9 Fixing the Ozone Hole 198 10.10 PSC Formation 199 11 - Oxidizing Power of the Troposphere 200 11.1 The Hydroxyl Radical 201 11.1.1 Tropospheric Production of OH 201 11.1.2 Global Mean OH Concentration 203 11.2 Global Budgets of CO and Methane 205 11.3 Cycling of HOx and Production of Ozone 207 11.3.1 The OH Titration Problem 207 11.3.2 CO Oxidation Mechanism 207 11.3.3 Methane Oxidation Mechanism 210 11.4 Global Budget of Nitrogen Oxides 212 11.5 Global Budget of Tropospheric Ozone 215 11.6 Anthropogenic Influence on Ozone and OH 216 Further Reading 219 Problems 219 11.1 Sources of CO 219 11.2 Sources of Tropospheric Ozone 220 11.3 Oxidizing Power of the Atmosphere 221 11.4 OH Concentrations in the Past 223 11.5 Acetone in the Upper Troposphere 223 11.6 Transport, Rainout, and Chemistry in the Marine Upper Troposphere 225 11.7 Bromine Chemistry in the Troposphere 227 11.8 Nighttime Oxidation of NOx 228 11.9 Peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) as a Reservoir for NOx 229 12 - Ozone Air Pollution 231 12.1 Air Pollution and Ozone 231 12.2 Ozone Formation and Control Strategies 233 12.3 Ozone Production Efficiency 240 Further Reading 242 Problems 242 12.1 NOx- and Hydrocarbon-Limited Regimes for Ozone Production 242 12.2 Ozone Titration in a Fresh Plume 243 13 - Acid Rain 245 13.1 Chemical Composition of Precipitation 245 13.1.1 Natural Precipitation 245 13.1.2 Precipitation over North America 246 13.2 Sources of Acids: Sulfur Chemistry 249 13.3 Effects of Acid Rain 250 13.4 Emission Trends 252 Problems 253 13.1 What Goes Up Must Come Down 253 13.2 The True Acidity of Rain 253 13.3 Aqueous-Phase Oxidation of SO2 by Ozone 253 13.4 The Acid Fog Problem 254 13.5 Acid Rain: The Preindustrial Atmosphere Numerical Solutions to Problems 257 Appendix. Physical Data and Units 259 Index 261

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Book SynopsisReconstructing Earth's Climate History There has never been a more critical time for students to understand the record of Earth's climate history, as well as the relevance of that history to understanding Earth's present and likely future climate. There also has never been a more critical time for students, as well as the public-at-large, to understand how we know, as much as what we know, in science. This book addresses these needs by placing you, the student, at the center of learning. In this book, you will actively use inquiry-based explorations of authentic scientific data to develop skills that are essential in all disciplines: making observations, developing and testing hypotheses, reaching conclusions based on the available data, recognizing and acknowledging uncertainty in scientific data and scientific conclusions, and communicating your results to others.The context for understanding global climate change today lies in the records of Earth's past, Table of ContentsThe Authors viii Foreword from First Edition x Acknowledgments xi Book Introduction to the Second Edition for Students and Instructors xii About the Companion Website xvii 1 Chapter 1. Introduction to Paleoclimate Records 3 Part 1.1. Archives and Proxies 13 Part 1.2. Obtaining Cores from Terrestrial and Marine Paleoclimate Archives 27 Part 1.3. Owens Lake – An Introductory Case Study of Paleoclimate Reconstruction 31 Chapter 2. Seafloor Sediments 33 Part 2.1. Sediment Predictions 34 Part 2.2. Core Observation and Description 41 Part 2.3. Sediment Composition 52 Part 2.4. Seafloor Sediment Synthesis 57 Chapter 3. Geologic Time and Geochronology 59 Part 3.1. The Geologic Timescale 62 Part 3.2. Principles of Stratigraphy and Determining Relative Ages 64 Part 3.3. Radiometric Age Dating Fundamentals 69 Part 3.4. Using 40K – 40Ar Dating to Determine the Numerical Ages of Layered Volcanic Rocks 76 Part 3.5. Using Uranium Series Dating to Determine Changes in Growth Rate of Speleothems 89 Chapter 4. Paleomagnetism and Magnetostratigraphy 91 Part 4.1. Earth’s Magnetic Field Today and the Paleomagnetic Record of Deep‐Sea Sediments 100 Part 4.2. History of Discovery: Paleomagnetism in Ocean Crust and Marine Sediments 108 Part 4.3. Using Paleomagnetism to Test the Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis 114 Part 4.4. The Geomagnetic Polarity Timescale 119 Chapter 5. Microfossils and Biostratigraphy 121 Part 5.1. What Are Microfossils? Why Are They Important in Climate Change Science? 130 Part 5.2. Microfossils in Deep‐Sea Sediments 137 Part 5.3. Application of Microfossil First and Last Occurrences 144 Part 5.4. Using Microfossil Datums to Calculate Sedimentation Rates 149 Part 5.5. How Reliable Are Microfossil Datums? 156 Part 5.6. Organic‐Walled Microfossils: Marine Dinoflagellates and Terrestrial Pollen and Spores 165 Chapter 6. CO2 as a Climate Regulator During the Phanerozoic and Today 167 Part 6.1. The Short‐Term Global Carbon Cycle 169 Part 6.2. CO2 and Temperature 179 Part 6.3. Recent Changes in CO2 183 Part 6.4. The Long‐Term Global Carbon Cycle, CO2, and Phanerozoic Climate History 191 Part 6.5. Carbon Isotopes as a Tool for Tracking Changes in the Carbon Cycle 200 Chapter 7. Oxygen Isotopes as Proxies of Climate Change 202 Part 7.1. Introduction to Oxygen Isotope Records from Ice and Ocean Sediments 205 Part 7.2. The Hydrologic Cycle and Isotopic Fractionation 209 Part 7.3. δ18O in Meteoric Water and Glacial Ice 218 Part 7.4. δ18O in Marine Sediments 226 Chapter 8. Climate Cycles 228 Part 8.1. Patterns and Periodicities 245 Part 8.2. Orbital Metronome 250 Part 8.3. Glacial–Interglacial Periods and Modern Climate Change 255 Chapter 9. The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) Event 257 Part 9.1. An Important Discovery 260 Part 9.2. Global Consequences of the PETM 296 Part 9.3. Two Hypotheses for the Cause of the PETM 299 Part 9.4. Rates of Onset and Duration of Event 306 Part 9.5. Global Warming Today and Lessons from the PETM 314 Chapter 10. Glaciation of Antarctica: The Oi1 Event 316 Part 10.1. Initial Evidence 321 Part 10.2. Evidence for Global Change 342 Part 10.3. Mountain Building, Weathering, CO2 and Climate 349 Part 10.4. Legacy of the Oi1 Event: The Development of the Psychrosphere 355 Chapter 11. Antarctic Climate Variability in the Neogene 358 Part 11.1. What Do We Think We Know About the History of Antarctic Climate? 362 Part 11.2. What is Antarctica’s Geographic and Geologic Context? 375 Part 11.3. Selecting Drillsites to Best Answer our Questions 379 Part 11.4. What Sediment Facies are Common on the Antarctic Margin? 390 Part 11.5. The BIG Picture of ANDRILL 1‐B 398 Chapter 12. Pliocene Warmth as an Analog for Our Future 400 Part 12.1. The Last 5 Million Years 407 Part 12.2. Pliocene Latitudinal Temperature Gradient 414 Part 12.3. Estimates of Pliocene CO2 416 Part 12.4. Sea Level Past, Present, and Future 430 Chapter 13. Climate, Climate Change, and Life 432 Part 13.1. Initial Ideas 433 Part 13.2. The Long View: “Precambrian” and Phanerozoic Life and Climate 441 Part 13.3. Examples of Cenozoic Terrestrial Evolution and Climate Connections 458 Part 13.4. Examples of Cenozoic Marine Biotic Evolution and Climate Connections 469 Part 13.5. Humanity, Climate, and Life 481 Part 13.6. Humanity and Future Climate: At a Tipping Point 487 Chapter 14. Climate Change and Civilization 489 Part 14.1. Climate Change Here and Now 497 Part 14.2. Evidence of Climatic Stress on Ancient Maya Civilization 513 Part 14.3. The Precipitation Record of the North American Southwest: The Physical Record and Human Response 536 Index

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisThis text provides a concise, comprehensive and modern development of basic elements of the theory of large-scale ocean circulation, appropriate for graduate students and researchers in oceanic, atmospheric and climate sciences and for other geophysical scientists, as well as physicists and mathematicians with a quantitative interest in the planetary fluid environment.Trade Review'… provides a very nice deductive derivation of the planetary geostrophic equations using scaling analysis, and is one of the most rigorous treatments that this reviewer has seen … There is also a nice selection of exercises at the end of the book relating to each chapter, varying in degree of difficulty. Speaking as an educator, this is a useful and welcome resource for those who plan on using this book as a class text … I would recommend this book to anyone who wishes to gain an understanding of some of the fundamental ideas that underpin our current thinking about the dynamics that govern the large-scale circulation. I would also recommend it as a graduate-level text for a dynamics-based physical oceanography class.' Andrew M. Moore, Bulletin of the American Meteorological SocietyTable of Contents1. Basic physical principles and equations; 2. Reduced equations for large-scale motion; 3. Planetary geostrophic vorticity dynamics; 4. Stratified large-scale flow; 5. Circulation in a rectangular mid-latitude basin; 6. Eddy-driven subsurface motion; 7. Circumpolar flow; 8. Mid-depth meridional overturning; 9. Thermohaline effects; 10. Theory and observation.

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Book SynopsisThis Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will again form the standard scientific reference for all those concerned with climate change and its consequences, including students and researchers in environmental science, meteorology, climatology, biology, ecology and atmospheric chemistry. It provides invaluable material for decision makers and stakeholders at international, national and local level, in government, businesses, and NGOs. This volume provides: â An authoritative and unbiased overview of the physical science basis of climate change â A more extensive assessment of changes observed throughout the climate system than ever before â New dedicated chapters on sea-level change, biogeochemical cycles, clouds and aerosols, and regional climate phenomena â Extensive coverage of model projections, both near-term and long-term climate projections â A detailed assessment of climate change observations, modelling, and attribution for every contTrade ReviewReview of the Fourth Assessment Report – Climate Change 2007: '… a milestone for climate change science and policy.' ScienceReview of the Fourth Assessment Report – Climate Change 2007: '… the world's most authoritative voice on global warming … Every member of Congress should read this report.' The New York TimesReview of the Third Assessment Report – Climate Change 2001: 'The detail is truly amazing … invaluable works of reference … no reference or science library should be without a set [of the IPCC volumes] … unreservedly recommended to all readers.' Journal of MeteorologyReview of the Third Assessment Report – Climate Change 2001: 'The subject is explored in great depth and should prove valuable to policy makers, researchers, analysts, and students.' American Meteorological SocietyReview of the Second Assessment Report – Climate Change 1995: '… essential reading for anyone interested in global environmental change, either past, present or future … These volumes have a deservedly high reputation.' Geological MagazineReview of the Second Assessment Report – Climate Change 1995: '… a wealth of clear, well-organized information that is all in one place … there is much to applaud.' Environment InternationalReview of the Third Assessment Report – Climate Change 2001: '… structured in the well-established format of all former IPCC Assessment Reports … will surely be the standard reference for … arguments related with the science, the impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, and with mitigation and adaptation to global warming and climate change in the next years. It should not be missing in the libraries of atmospheric and climate research institutes and those administrative and political institutions which have to deal with global change and sustainable development.' Meteorologische ZeitschriftReview of the Third Assessment Report – Climate Change 2001: 'The IPCC has conducted what is arguably the largest, most comprehensive and transparent study ever undertaken by mankind … The result is a work of substance and authority, which only the foolish would deride.' Wind EngineeringReview of the Third Assessment Report – Climate Change 2001: '… the weight of evidence presented, the authority that IPCC commands and the breadth of view can hardly fail to impress and earn respect. Each of the volumes is essentially a remarkable work of reference, containing a plethora of information and copious bibliographies. There can be few natural scientists who will not want to have at least one of these volumes to hand on their bookshelves, at least until further research renders the details outdated by the time of the next survey.' The HoloceneTable of ContentsForeword; Preface; Summary for policy makers; Technical summary; 1. Introduction; 2. Observations: atmosphere and surface; 3. Observations: ocean; 4. Observations: cryosphere; 5. Information from paleoclimate archives; 6. Carbon and other biogeochemical cycles; 7. Clouds and aerosols; 8. Anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing; 9. Evaluation of climate models; 10. Detection and attribution of climate change: from global to regional; 11. Near-term climate change: projections and predictability; 12. Long-term climate change: projections, commitments and irreversibility; 13. Sea level change; 14. Climate phenomena and their relevance for future regional climate change; Annex I. Atlas of global and regional climate projections; Annex II. Climate system scenario tables; Annex III. Glossary; Annex IV. Acronyms; Annex V. Contributors; Annex VI. Expert reviewers; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook presents all aspects of climate system dynamics, on all timescales from the Earth''s formation to modern human-induced climate change. It discusses the dominant feedbacks and interactions between all the components of the climate system: atmosphere, ocean, land surface and ice sheets. It addresses one of the key challenges for a course on the climate system: students can come from a range of backgrounds. A glossary of key terms is provided for students with little background in the climate sciences, whilst instructors and students with more expertise will appreciate the book''s modular nature. Exercises are provided at the end of each chapter for readers to test their understanding. This textbook will be invaluable for any course on climate system dynamics and modeling, and will also be useful for scientists and professionals from other disciplines who want a clear introduction to the topic.Trade Review'Hugues Goosse offers a brilliant introduction to climate dynamics and modelling. This comprehensive overview bridges the gap between classical, more focused textbooks on individual aspects of the wide-ranging climate topic, thereby providing an excellent compendium for advanced undergraduate and early masters students in the field of climate science.' Martin Claussen, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg'This is an outstanding new textbook - a superb introduction to climate dynamics and climate systems modelling. The book is tailored masterfully to suit commencing graduate students, spanning all components of Earth's climate, and including a comprehensive glossary and exercises. It is also an ideal reference book for all undergraduates whose degrees require a fundamental knowledge of climate system dynamics. The book is also an outstanding teaching resource - I highly recommend it to all practitioners.' Matthew England, Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, University of New South Wales'Climate System Dynamics and Modelling is a broad, graduate/advanced undergraduate level, introduction to the climate system. It covers important processes and drivers of the climate system. It also provides a nice description of modelling the climate system, forcing and feedbacks. It fills a gap between those books that focus on detailed geophysical fluid dynamics and a descriptive discussion of the climate system. Goosse's book covers a broad range of topics including a detailed description of how orbital changes affect Earth's climate, how to use climate models and key ideas such as radiative forcing and climate feedbacks. As expected, given Goose's interests, changes in Earth's climate on timescales from its formation, the last one thousand years and the near future are all covered. He also discusses how past climates can be inferred from proxies. I like the book for its broad coverage, accessible style and review exercises at the end of each chapter. Students using it as a textbook would need some mathematical skill.' Simon Tett, University of Edinburgh'This is exactly the book I wish I had when I started to study climate change! The book is well illustrated and written in a language clear enough for non-specialists to understand the dynamics of the climate system, but also provides clues on numerical approaches and references useful to specialists. The book offers a comprehensive view of the forcing and mechanisms driving the climate, the Earth's energy budget, and the global hydrological and carbon cycles. It guides the reader towards modelling as a tool for understanding climate change, in response to external forcing or internal dynamics. It also gives an excellent overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge on climate change from the formation of the Earth to the last centuries. Furthermore, it proposes a critical view on anticipated changes in climate, ice and ocean in the near- to long-term future. Beyond its scientific content, the book is written in such a way that it is ideal as handbook for undergraduate and graduate classes in the Earth sciences. In brief, Climate System Dynamics and Modelling by Hugues Goosse is a remarkable work that will serve as a reference for years!' Anne de Vernal, Université du Québec, MontréalTable of Contents1. Description of the climate system and its components; 2. The energy balance, hydrological and carbon cycles; 3. Modelling the climate system; 4. The response of the climate system to a perturbation; 5. Brief history of climate: causes and mechanisms; 6. Future climate changes.

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Book SynopsisThis book is the first to explore the dramatic amplification of global warming underway in cities and the range of actions that individuals and governments can undertake to slow the pace of warming. A core thesis of the book is that the principal strategy currently advocated to mitigate climate change the reduction of greenhouse gases will not prove sufficient to measurably slow the rapid pace of warming in urban environments. Brian Stone explains the science of climate change in terms accessible to the non-scientist and with compelling anecdotes drawn from history and current events. The book is an ideal introduction to climate change and cities for students, policy makers and anyone who wishes to gain insight into an issue critical to the future of our cities and the people who live in them.Trade Review'Cities have begun to feel the sting of a changing climate already. This powerful volume reminds us what we can still do - globally and locally - by adapting to that which we can't prevent, and even more crucially, preventing that to which we can't adapt.' Bill McKibben, Schumann Distinguished Scholar, Middlebury College and author of The End of Nature'In this groundbreaking study, Stone provides the first systematic analysis of what a changing climate will mean for cities. [He] argues convincingly that we must be as concerned about urban warming as global warming … a clarion call for cities to begin to shape their climate destinies.' Timothy Beatley, Teresa Heinz Professor of Sustainable Communities, University of Virginia'… highly significant and unique because it fully bridges the study of cities, climate, and urban heat.' William D. Solecki, City University of New York, and Director, CUNY Institute for Sustainable Cities'A great introduction to how climate change will hit cities and what can be done about it … essential reading for urban planners, city officials, and the general public.' David W. Orr, Oberlin College and author of Down to the Wire: Confronting Climate Collapse'A riveting account.' London Review of Books'… begins with one of the most persuasive and surprising chapters that I have read … Stone's excellent book provides an important service in bringing urban heat island forward as a core and resolvable urban challenge … this is not just a book for climate enthusiasts. Rather, it will be a helpful book for anyone interested in improving human health and safety through better urban form.' Elisabeth Harmin, Journal of the American Planning AssociationTable of ContentsPrologue: la canicule; 1. Keeling's curve; 2. The climate barrier; 3. Islands of heat; 4. The green factor; 5. Leveraging canopy for carbon.

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Book SynopsisHow does culture interact with the way societies understand, live with, and act in relation to climate change? While the importance of the exchanges between culture, society and climate in the context of global environmental change is increasingly recognised, the empirical evidence is fragmented and too often constrained by disciplinary boundaries. Written by an international team of experts, this book provides cutting-edge and critical perspectives on how culture both facilitates and inhibits our ability to address and make sense of climate change and the challenges it poses to societies globally. Through a set of case studies spanning the social sciences and humanities, it explores the role of culture in relation to climate and its changes at different temporal and spatial levels; illustrates how approaching climate change through the cultural dimension enriches the range and depth of societal engagements; and establishes connections between theory and practice, which can stimulate aTrade Review'Multidisciplinary studies by 23 contributing authors who explore how human cultures conceptualize and respond to climate … Though the book does not downplay social, psychological, and economic factors that have slowed climate action at the societal level, its chapters collectively suggest a surprisingly optimistic view: namely, that human cultures throughout history have exhibited curiosity about and resilience to climate … Clear writing and thoughtfully chosen images make this book accessible and engaging for broad audiences.' D. P. Genereux, ChoiceTable of ContentsForeword; 1. Climate and culture: taking stock and moving forward Hilary Geoghegan, Giuseppe Feola and Alex Arnall; 2. Cultures of prediction in climate science Martin Mahony, Gabriele Gramelsberger and Matthias Heymann; 3. Visualising climate and climate change: a longue durée perspective Sebastian Vincent Grevsmühl; 4. Indigenous knowledge regarding climate in Colombia: articulations and complementarities among different knowledges Astrid Ulloa; 5. Thin place: new modes of environmental knowing through contemporary curatorial practice Ciara Healy; 6. Multi-temporal adaptations to change in the Central Andes Julio C. Postigo; 7. Not for the faint of heart: tasks of climate change communication in the context of societal transformation Susanne C. Moser; 8. At the frontline or very close: living with climate change on St Lawrence Island, Alaska, 1999–2017 Igor Krupnik; 9. Localising and historicising climate change: extreme weather histories in the United Kingdom Georgina Endfield and Lucy Veale; 10. From denial to resistance: how emotions and culture shape our responses to climate change Allison Ford and Kari Marie Norgaard; 11. Effective responses to climate change – some wisdom from the Buddhist worldview Peter Daniels; 12. Creating a culture for transformation Karen O'Brien, Gail Hochachka and Irmelin Gram-Hanssen; 13. Back to the future? Satoyama and cultures of transition and sustainability John Clammer; 14. Culture and climate change: experiments and improvisations – an afterword Renata Tyszczuk and Joe Smith; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe polar regions are the ''canary in the coal mine'' of climate change: they are likely to be hit the hardest and fastest. This comprehensive textbook provides an accessible introduction to the scientific study of polar environments against a backdrop of climate change and the wider global environment. The book assembles diverse information on polar environmental characteristics in terrestrial and oceanic domains, and describes the ongoing changes in climate, the oceans, and components of the cryosphere. Recent significant changes in the polar region caused by global warming are explored: shrinking Arctic sea ice, thawing permafrost, accelerating loss of mass from glaciers and ice sheets, and rising ocean temperatures. These rapidly changing conditions are discussed in the context of the paleoclimatic history of the polar regions from the Eocene to the Anthropocene. Future projections for these regions during the twenty-first century are discussed. The text is illustrated with many coTrade Review'The volume effectively covers where we have been, where we are today, and where might we be in the future in terms of the environmental histories on these complex and varied landscapes and oceans that constitute our current day polar environments. It will serve as a significant contribution to Roger Barry's legacy of his many contributions to polar climatology and paleoclimatology. This book can serve as the textbook for a senior-level course on polar environments, and it will be an invaluable source of information for a variety of undergraduate and graduate courses.' John T. Andrews, Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research'Illustrations and figures are frequent and are generally in colour and of high quality as befits a good student text. Chapters follow a user-friendly format geared towards student learning with short, two- to three page summaries at the end of each chapter along with study questions that could be used as springboards for discussion or research topics or even essay questions … Polar Environments and Global Change is a highly readable, up-to-date and useful text. It will no doubt become the mainstay of undergraduate and master's courses on the topic as well as a valuable go-to source for myriad basic information on polar systems and their responses to changing climate. I see this well-written book being a permanent and frequently referred-to fixture on my desk for some time to come.' Mark F. A. Furze, The Holocene'… a comprehensive overview … the text is well supported by figures (mostly in color) and tables. The references emphasize the recent work, keeping the text up-to-date, but also draw attention to seminal early work that established the basis for many of the areas of science that have become major areas of research activity today … The book is well written and it presents a coherent view of the environments of the Earth's Polar regions, of the ways in which they are changing today' Martin Sharp, Environmental Earth SciencesTable of ContentsPreface; About the authors; Acknowledgments; 1. The setting, history of studies, and the climatic role of the cryosphere; 2. Paleoclimatic history; 3. Observing polar environment; 4. Atmospheric and oceanic circulation and climate; 5. Terrestrial environments and surface types of the polar regions; 6. Ice sheets and shelves; 7. Oceanic environments; 8. The Third Pole; 9. Future polar environments; Appendix: polar institutes; Glossary; Select bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisConfronted with the complex environmental crises of the Anthropocene, scientists have moved towards an interdisciplinary approach to address challenges that are both social and ecological. Several arenas are now calling for co-production of new transdisciplinary knowledge by combining Indigenous knowledge and science. This book revisits epistemological debates on the notion of co-production and assesses the relevant methods, principles and values that enable communities to co-produce. It explores the factors that determine how indigenous-scientific knowledge can be rooted in equity, mutual respect and shared benefits. Resilience through Knowledge Co-Production includes several collective papers co-authored by Indigenous experts and scientists, with case studies involving Indigenous communities from the Arctic, Pacific islands, the Amazon, the Sahel and high altitude areas. Offering guidance to indigenous peoples, scientists, decision-makers and NGOs, this book moves towards a decolonisTable of Contents1. Co-production between Indigenous Knowledge and Science: Introducing a Decolonized Approach Marie Roué and Douglas Nakashima; Part I. From Practice to Principles: Methods and Challenges for Decolonized Knowledge Co-Production (DKC): 2. The Progression from Collaboration to Co-Production: Case Studies from Alaska Henry P. Huntington, George Noongwook, Anne K. Salomon, Nick M. Tanape, Sr.; 3. Learning about Sea Ice from the Kifikmiut: A Decade of Ice Seasons at Wales, 2006-2016 Hajo Eicken, Igor Krupnik, Winton Weyapuk, Jr., Matthew L. Druckenmiller; 4. Shaping the Long View: Iñupiat Experts and Scientists Share Ocean Knowledge on Alaska's North Slope Matthew L. Druckenmiller; 5. Indigenous Ice Dictionaries: Sharing Knowledge for a Changing World Igor Krupnik; 6. Mapping Land Use with Sámi Reindeer Herders: Co-Production in an Era of Climate Change Marie Roué, Lars-Evert Nutti, Nils-Johan Utsi, Samuel Roturier; 7. Sámi Herders' Knowledge and Forestry: Ecological Restoration of Reindeer Lichen Pastures in Northern Sweden Samuel Roturier, Lars-Evert Nutti, Hans Winsa; Part II. Indigenous Perspectives on Environmental Change: The Climate Agreements: What We Have Achieved and the Gaps That Remain Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim; 9. Reinforcing Traditional Knowledge in the City: Canoe Building and Navigation in the Changing Pacific Tikoidelaimakotu Tuimoce Fuluna; Reindeer Herding in a Time of Growing Adversity Anders BONGO; 11. Herders and Drought in the Sahel of Burkina Faso: Traditional Knowledge and Resilience Hanafi Amirou DICKO; Part III. Global Change and Indigenous Responses: 12. Competing Paradigms of Himalayan Climate Change and Adaptations: Indigenous Knowledge versus Economics Jan Salick; 13. Coping with a Warming Winter Climate in Arctic Russia: Patterns of Extreme Weather Affecting Nenets Reindeer Nomadism Bruce C. Forbes, Timo Kumpala, Nina Meschtyb, Roza Laptander, Marc Macias-Fauria, Pentti Zetterberg, Mariana Verdonen, Anna Skarin, Kwang-Yul Kim, Linette N. Boisvert, Julienne C. Stroeve, Annett Bartsch; 14. Rising Above the Flood: Modifications in Agricultural Practices and Livelihood Systems in Central Amazonia – Perspectives from Ribeirinho and Indigenous Communities Angela May Steward, Rafael Barbi Costa e Santos, Camille Rognant, Fernanda Maria de Freitas Viana, Julia Vieira da Cunha Ávila, Jessica Poliane Gomes dos Santos, Jacson Rodrigues, Samis Viera; 15. Indigenous Storytelling and Climate Change Adaptation Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares, Mar Cabeza; 16. Indigenous Knowledge and the Coloniality of Reality: Climate Change Otherwise in the Bolivian Andes Anders Burman; 17. Negotiating Co-Production: Climbing the Learning Curve Igor Krupnik; Index.

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Book SynopsisGrasslands are the most extensive terrestrial biome on Earth and are critically important for forage, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. This book brings together an international team of researchers to review scientific knowledge of the effects of climate change on world grasslands, a process we are only just starting to understand. Part I assesses how climate change will impact on the distribution of grasslands, as well as production, biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem services. Part II considers the consequences for the spread of invasive species, demographic change, trophic-level relationships, soil biota, and evolutionary change within grassland biodiversity. Part III proposes how ecologists can respond to climate change effects, focusing on grazing systems, cultural ecology, range management, and restoration. The concluding chapter sets grasslands in the context of the Anthropocene era and identifies the vital research and conservation needs for grassland ecosystems to remaiTrade Review'Grasslands and Climate Change highlights the many uncertainties around changes we will witness. There are unknowns at every level, including how much greenhouse gas will be released, what climatic changes this creates, and how plants animals and humans will respond. None of these factors exist in isolation, and we need many more studies of the interactions between climate variables in order to make accurate predictions … This book points out … [that] there have been many botched policy decisions for traditional grassland, and these must be understood if climate related interventions are to succeed.' Rebecca Nesbit, The Biologist'Gibson and Newman have done a great job in setting the scene in the introductory chapter, so that even those who are not ecologists or plant specialists can quickly and succinctly grasp the extent of grasslands, their importance especially to human health and wellbeing, and the likely threats from climate change before delving deeper in the following chapters.' Sarah Brotherton, The Holocene'… the book is a must-have for ecologists and conservationists working with open landscapes, especially grasslands.' Szabolcs Lengyel, Conservation BiologyTable of ContentsIntroduction: 1. Grasslands and climate change: an overview David J. Gibson and Jonathan A. Newman; 2. Methodology I: detecting and projecting grassland change from plots to the landscape Heather Hager and Jonathan A. Newman; 3. Methodology II: remote sensing and modelling Geoffrey Henebry; Part I. Grassland Dynamics and Climate Change: 4. Projected climate change in global grasslands Mike B. Jones; 5. Production changes in response to climate change Lauchlan Fraser; 6. Will climate change push grasslands past tipping points? Zak Ratajczak and Laura Ladwig; 7. Biochemical cycling in grasslands under climate change Hugh Henry; 8. Climate change effects on grassland ecosystem services Sandra Lavorel; Part II. Species Traits, Functional Groups, and Evolutionary Change: 9. Grassland invasion in a changing climate Jane A. Catford and Lizzie P. Jones; 10. How global change drives demography in grasslands Johan Ehlrén; 11. Impacts of climate change on trophic interactions in grasslands Sue E. Hartley and Colin Beale; 12. Grassland belowground feedbacks and climate change Richard D. Bardgett and Marina Semchenko; 13. Keeping up: climate driven evolutionary change, dispersal, and migration Kathryn A. Yurkonis and William Harris; 14. The future biogeography of C3 and C4 grasslands Elisabeth J. Forrestel and Erika J. Edwards; Part III. Dealing with Climate Change Effects: 15. Altered grazing systems: pastoralism to conventional agriculture Phillip K. Thornton, Mario Herrero and Randall B. Boone; 16. Climate change and the politics and science of traditional grassland management Michael R. Dove; 17. Assessing rangeland health under climate variability and change John Bradford, Mike Duniway and Seth Munson; 18. Restoring grassland in the context of climate change Sara G. Baer, David J. Gibson and Loretta C. Johnson; 19. Grasslands in the Anthropocene: research and conservation needs David J. Gibson and Jonathan A. Newman; Index.

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Book Synopsis'Brimming with knowledge and experience . . . delightful' Daily Telegraph'An extraordinary book by a modern-day Melville whose deep knowledge, boundless curiosity and endearingly wry humour make him the perfect guide to the world beyond our shores' Mark Vanhoenacker, author of Skyfaring: A Journey with a Pilot'Relatable, reflective, and humorous . . . a genuinely immersive read' CountrymanWhat's in a cloud? What separates a tropical storm from a winter blizzard? And what exactly is El Niño? Elliot Rappaport, a professional captain of traditional sailing ships, has spent three decades at sea, where understanding weather could be the difference between life and death. Told through a series of tall ship voyages, Rappaport's narrative takes readers from the icy seas of Greenland to the Roaring Forties, places where one can experience all four seasons in an hour. He navigates the turbulent waters of the Strait of Gibraltar, en route to storied port cities of the Mediterranean. In the vast tropical Pacific, he crosses the equator, where heat, moisture, and unsettled winds churn out powerful squalls, and drops anchor in isolated ports of call. He explores wide swathes of ocean to explain how the trade winds have carried ships westward for centuries, and how ancient Polynesian explorers pushed back the other way. Written in stunning prose, brimming with wisdom, curiosity, and humour, Reading the Glass brilliantly blends science and memoir to reveal how weather has shaped our oceans, our history, and ourselves.Trade ReviewEach chapter is brimming with knowledge and experience. Rappaport can really write - and he's done his research too . . . Some of the most delightful passages have little to do with the sea or weather. They come when we get a real sense of what it's like to lead a crew at sea, and, equally interestingly, when moored up . . . Reading the Glass will be a must-have for serious weather-watchers or sailors with aspirations. -- Tristan Gooley * Daily Telegraph *Evokes panoramas of sea and land with confident flair * Wall Street Journal *Relatable, reflective, and humorous . . . descriptive and insightful, it is perfect for those who love the sea, and wish to know more about the adventures of those who sail upon it . . . a genuinely immersive read * Countryman *An extraordinary book by a modern-day Melville whose deep knowledge, boundless curiosity and endearingly wry humour make him the perfect guide to the world beyond our shores. Elliot Rappaport has completely transformed my awareness of the vast reaches of water that dominate our planet's surface, and of the debt we all owe to our ancestors who made a science and an art out of crossing them. I can't recommend this book highly enough -- Mark Vanhoenacker, author of SKYFARINGWe live on a planet - easy to forget in your secure suburban home, but not out on the open sea. The author provides a gripping account of what weather is, how it feels to be in the middle of it, and what we can expect going forward! -- Bill McKibben, author of THE END OF NATUREPart Bill Nye, part Captain Cook, Elliot Rappaport leads an around-the-world adventure filled with eye-popping insights from the deepest depths to the high atmosphere. For those of us too chicken to cross thousands of miles on ships, Rappaport's action-packed logbook is full of history, wisdom, and hilarious stories from life on the open seas -- Daniel Stone, author of THE FOOD EXPLORERVeteran captain Elliot Rappaport knows firsthand how winds, storms, and currents affect boats, from the smallest dinghies to great ocean liners. Here, he uses his considerable literary gifts to turn meteorology into a living science . . . While sailors will relate at once to Rappaport's prose, this book is a must-read even for landlubbers -- Mark Knoblauch * Booklist *Rappaport, who has been a sea captain since 1992 and teaches at the Maine Maritime Academy, makes his book debut with vibrant accounts of sailing around the world. Central to his spirited, informative narrative is weather . . . Fascinating journeys with an expert guide * Kirkus *I loved this book. What a fabulous compendium it is of terror and disaster, expertise and courage, by a man who knows with true intimacy what he calls "the vast planetary engine" of the weather. Chapter after chapter is filled with a vivid sense of being out at sea in storm and calm and every page has his decades of lived life embedded in it, years and years of looking, responding, making the good and necessary decisions. It feels written, in other words, by a man you would be more than happy to go to sea with -- Adam Nicolson, author of LIFE BETWEEN THE TIDES

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Book SynopsisTurbulence is a fluid regime characterised by chaotic, stochastic property changes. This includes low momentum diffusion, high momentum convection, and rapid variation of pressure and velocity in space and time. This book will give the reader new insights into this natural phenomenon that occurs everyday yet is a puzzle that is not yet fully resolved in classical physics. Climatological estimates of the turbulent exchange is provided. The basic structure of a meteorological model is also given, which uses universal laws of atmospheric physics as well as empirical relationships to calculate wind flow, temperature, humidity, vertical air mixing, and other parameters. Included in this topic is an overview of an alternative approach and artificial intelligence techniques for modelling and forecasting meteorological data. In addition, this book includes aerodynamics research and applications to fields such as offshore wind power and sailing.

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Book SynopsisOver the past 60 years, the world has seen gradual and hard-won progress in reducing child mortality and improving the lives of opportunities of children. Some of this is attributable to medical science, much of it to simple but effective public health measures. Even though 24,000 children continue to die each day from preventable causes, this represents a dramatic improvement, and progress continues to be made. Climate change threatens to undo all of this progress, and wipe out the gains of decades. The threat of rising sea levels, the potential loss of productive farmland and the potential threat to water supplies are all profound concerns, and threaten the well-being of children and communities around the world. This book examines the connection between climate action and the future of childrens'' health.

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Book SynopsisAntarctica is a magnificent display of interaction between air and the various phases of water in a pristine environment. This interaction has led to the formation of many unique features over the Antarctic continent. Antarctica is now emerging as an important key in the understanding of global and environmental concerns. Its unique features have provided scientists with special opportunities to investigate the origin of the continents, pollution at the global level, ozone hole healing and changes in the global climate. However, lack of scientific data remains a major problem for researchers in many areas of Antarctic science. This book fills the gaps in the process of understanding Antarctic science.

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Book SynopsisThe National Weather Service (NWS) plays a significant role in providing weather services to the aviation community. NWS''s weather products and data are vital components of the Federal Aviation Administration''s (FAA) air traffic control system, providing weather information to local, regional, and national air traffic management, navigation, and surveillance systems. NWS aviation weather products include forecasts and warnings of meteorological conditions that could affect air traffic, including thunderstorms, air turbulence, and icing. This book examines options for enhancing the efficiency of aviation weather services provided at en-route centres, with a focus on meteorological services and winter safety.

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Book SynopsisIs the nature of the atmosphere really so predictable that, as James Mahoney confidently said, "we know that humans are influencing the climate. There''s no question about that"? (TE 2013) This view on the atmosphere can be contrasted with an opposing view by James Glassman, who warned us that "the real world is more unpredictable and uncertain than the idealised world that academics push for." (TE 2013a) Contrary to these opposing views (and other ones discussed in the book), aerology or the study of the atmosphere (in relation to predictability and non-predictability) are neither possible (or impossible) nor desirable (or undesirable) to the extent that the respective ideologues (on different sides) would like us to believe. Of course, this questioning of the opposing views on aerology does not mean that the study of predictability and non-predictability is useless, or that those fields (related to aerology) -- like meteorology, climatology, atmospheric physics, atmospheric chemistry, cloud physics, aeronomy, hydrology, atmospheric modelling, climate change, chaos theory, complexity theory, planetary science, and so on -- are unimportant. (WK 2013) In fact, neither of these extreme views is reasonable. Instead, this book offers an alternative (better) way to understand the future of aerology in regard to the dialectic relationship between predictability and non-predictability -- while learning from different approaches in the literature but without favouring any one of them (nor integrating them, since they are not necessarily compatible with each other). More specifically, this book offers a new theory (that is, the constructivist theory of aerology) to go beyond the existing approaches in a novel way and is organised in four chapters. This seminal project will fundamentally change the way that we think about aerology in relation to predictability and non-predictability from the combined perspectives of the mind, nature, society and culture, with enormous implications for the human future and what I originally called its "post-human" fate.

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Book SynopsisIs the nature of the atmosphere really so predictable that, as James Mahoney confidently said, "we know that humans are influencing the climate. There''s no question about that"? (TE 2013) This view on the atmosphere can be contrasted with an opposing view by James Glassman, who warned us that "the real world is more unpredictable and uncertain than the idealised world that academics push for". (TE 2013a) Contrary to these opposing views (and other ones discussed in the book), aerology or the study of the atmosphere (in relation to predictability and non-predictability) are neither possible (or impossible) nor desirable (or undesirable) to the extent that the respective ideologues (on different sides) would like us to believe. Of course, this questioning of the opposing views on aerology does not mean that the study of predictability and non-predictability is useless, or that those fields (related to aerology) -- like meteorology, climatology, atmospheric physics, atmospheric chemistry, cloud physics, aeronomy, hydrology, atmospheric modelling, climate change, chaos theory, complexity theory, planetary science, and so on -- are unimportant. (WK 2013) In fact, neither of these extreme views is reasonable. Instead, this book offers an alternative (better) way to understand the future of aerology in regard to the dialectic relationship between predictability and non-predictability -- while learning from different approaches in the literature but without favouring any one of them (nor integrating them, since they are not necessarily compatible with each other). More specifically, this book offers a new theory (that is, the constructivist theory of aerology) to go beyond the existing approaches in a novel way and is organised in four chapters. This seminal project will fundamentally change the way that we think about aerology in relation to predictability and non-predictability from the combined perspectives of the mind, nature, society and culture, with enormous implications for the human future and what I originally called its "post-human" fate.

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Book SynopsisThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), with the aid of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), is procuring the next generation of geostationary weather satellites. This book assesses progress on program schedule, cost, and functionality; assesses efforts to identify and address issues discovered during integration and testing; and evaluates the likelihood of a gap in satellite coverage and actions to prevent or mitigate such a gap. This book also evaluates NOAA''s progress on the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) satellite program with respect to cost, schedule, and mitigation of key risks; identifies the benefits and challenges of alternatives for polar satellite gap mitigation; and assesses NOAA''s efforts to establish and implement a comprehensive contingency plan for potential gaps in polar satellite data.

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Book SynopsisThis title provides a basic overview of fog and how it forms. Easy-to-read text, labeled photos, and a photo glossary make this title perfect for beginning readers.

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Book SynopsisThis title provides a basic overview of rain and how it forms. Easy-to-read text, labeled photos, and a photo glossary make this title perfect for beginning readers.

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