Metabolism Books

Book SynopsisTHE NUMBER ONE NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER''The best deep dive into the diseases that plague us all today, and what to do to heal.'' Jessie Inchauspe, The Glucose Goddess''A powerful vision for a brighter future for both people and the planet.'' Jay Shetty''A tour de force'' Dr Mark HymanFix your metabolism to feel better today and prevent disease tomorrow. A bold new vision for optimizing our health now and for the future.What if depression, anxiety, infertility, insomnia, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's, dementia, cancer and many other health conditions actually have the same root cause?Our ability to prevent and reverse these conditions and feel incredible today is under our control and simpler than we think. The key is our metabolic function the most important and least understood factor in our overall health. As Dr Casey Means explains in this groundbreaking book, nearly every health problem we face can be explained by how well the cells in our body create and use en

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Book SynopsisThe instant New York Times bestseller.A groundbreaking method to master all types of diabetes by reversing insulin resistance. Current medical wisdom advises that anyone suffering from diabetes or prediabetes should eat a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet. But in this revolutionary book, Cyrus Khambatta, PhD, and Robby Barbaro, MPH, rely on a century of research to show that advice is misguided. While it may improve short-term blood glucose control, such a diet also increases the long-term risk for chronic diseases like cancer, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, chronic kidney disease, and fatty liver disease.The revolutionary solution is to eat a low-fat plant-based whole-food diet, the most powerful way to reverse insulin resistance in all types of diabetes: type 1, type 1.5, type 2, prediabetes, and gestational diabetes.As the creators of the extraordinary and effective Mastering Diabetes Method, Khambatta and Barbaro lay out a

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Book SynopsisIron is indispensable for the growth, development and well-being of almost all living organisms. Biological systems from bacteria, fungi and plants to humans have evolved systems for the uptake, utilisation, storage and homeostasis of iron. Its importance for microbial growth makes its uptake systems a natural target for pathogenic microorganisms and parasites. Uniquely, humans suffer from both iron deficiency and iron overload, while the capacity of iron to generate highly reactive free radicals, causing oxidative stress, is associated with a wide range of human pathologies, including many neurodegenerative diseases. Whereas some essential metal ions like copper and zinc are closely linked with iron metabolism, toxic metals like aluminium and cadmium can interfere with iron metabolism. Finally, iron metabolism and homeostasis are key targets for the development of new drugs for human health.The 4th edition of Iron Metabolism is written in a lively style by oTrade Review'This textbook is clearly a milestone which should be to hand for every researcher and scholar working on or interested in the biochemistry and clinical aspects of iron. Those needing to go further in depth on some specific aspects will find not only an excellent starting point but also their pathway through the impressive list of references at the end of each chapter.' Acta Cryst (International Union of Crystallography), November 2017Table of ContentsPreface xii 1 Solution Chemistry of Iron 1 1.1 Iron Chemistry 1 1.2 Interactions of Iron with Dioxygen and Chemistry of Oxygen Free Radicals 2 1.3 Hydrolysis of Iron Salts 5 1.4 Formation and Characterisation of Ferrihydrite 7 1.5 Ageing of Amorphous Ferrihydrite to more Crystalline Products 10 1.6 Biomineralisation 11 1.7 Magnetite Biomineralisation by Magnetotactic Bacteria 13 1.7.1 Biogenesis of the Magnetosome Membrane 15 1.7.2 Protein Sorting 15 1.7.3 Chain Formation 16 1.7.4 Biomineralisation 16 1.7.5 A Model for Magnetosome Formation 17 References 18 2 The Essential Role of Iron in Biology 22 2.1 Introduction: Iron an Essential Element in Biology 22 2.2 Physical Techniques for the Study of Iron in Biological Systems 25 2.3 Classes of Iron Proteins 29 2.4 Haemoproteins 29 2.4.1 Oxygen Carriers 30 2.4.2 Activators of Molecular Oxygen 34 2.4.3 Electron Transport Proteins 38 2.5 Iron–Sulphur Proteins 41 2.6 Non]haem, Non]Fe–S Proteins 48 2.6.1 Mononuclear Non]haem Iron Enzymes 48 2.6.1.1 Extradiol]cleaving Catechol Dioxygenases 49 2.6.1.2 Rieske Oxygenases 49 2.6.1.3 α]Ketoglutarate]dependent Enzymes 52 2.6.1.4 Pterin]dependent Hydroxylases 54 2.6.1.5 Miscellaneous Enzymes 55 2.6.2 Dinuclear Non]haem Iron Proteins 55 2.6.3 Proteins of Iron Storage, Transport and Metabolism 61 2.7 The Dark Side of Iron: Ros , Rns and Ntbi 62 2.7.1 ROS and RNS 63 2.7.2 NTBI and LPI 64 References 64 3 Microbial Iron Uptake 71 3.1 Introduction 71 3.2 Iron Uptake from Siderophores 74 3.2.1 Siderophores 74 3.2.2 Iron Transport across the Outer Membrane in Gram]negative Bacteria 78 3.2.3 Transport across the Periplasm and Cytoplasmic Membrane in Gram]negative Bacteria 86 3.2.4 Iron Uptake by Gram]positive Bacteria 92 3.3 Fe2+ Transport Systems 93 3.4 Iron Release from Siderophores in the Cytoplasm 97 3.5 Intracellular Iron Metabolism 98 3.6 Control of Gene Expression by Iron 101 References 108 4 Iron Acquisition by Pathogens 120 4.1 Introduction 120 4.2 Host Defence Mechanisms, Nutritional Immunity 121 4.3 Pathogenicity and PAIs 123 4.4 Pathogen]specific Iron Uptake Systems 125 4.4.1 Siderophores Associated with Virulence 125 4.4.2 Transferrin/lactoferrin Iron Uptake 126 4.4.3 Haem Iron Uptake 133 4.4.4 Ferrous Iron Uptake 138 4.4.5 Ferric Citrate Uptake by Bacillus cereus 141 4.5 Role of Fur and Fur Homologues in Virulence 141 4.6 Role of Pathogen Ecf Sigma Factors 141 4.7 Fungal Pathogens 143 References 146 5 Iron Uptake by Plants and Fungi 155 5.1 Iron Uptake by Plants 155 5.1.1 Introduction 155 5.1.2 Genome Sequencing 157 5.1.2.1 Quantitative Trait Loci 158 5.1.3 Iron Acquisition by the Roots of Plants 160 5.1.3.1 Non]graminaceous Plants 161 5.1.3.2 Graminaceous Plants 164 5.1.4 Long]distance Iron Transport 166 5.2 Iron Metabolism and Homeostasis in Plants 169 5.2.1 New Tools in Plant Research 169 5.2.2 Intracellular Iron Metabolism 170 5.2.3 Plant Iron Homeostasis 171 5.2.4 Diurnal Regulation of Iron Homeostasis 176 5.3 Iron Uptake, Metabolism and Homeostasis in Fungi 178 5.3.1 Introduction 178 5.3.2 High] and Low]affinity Iron Uptake Pathways 179 5.3.3 Siderophore]mediated Iron Uptake 184 5.3.4 Intracellular Iron Metabolism 185 5.3.5 Iron Homeostasis 186 References 190 6 Cellular Iron Uptake and Export in Mammals 205 6.1 The Transferrins 205 6.1.1 Introduction 205 6.1.2 The Transferrin Family 206 6.1.3 Structure of Transferrins 211 6.1.4 Transferrin iron Binding 215 6.1.5 Binding of other Metals by Transferrin 218 6.2 Cellular Iron Uptake 219 6.2.1 The Transferrin Receptors 219 6.2.2 The Transferrin to Cell Cycle and Iron Release 222 6.2.3 Iron Uptake from other Sources 228 6.3 Cellular Iron Export 230 References 236 7 Mammalian Iron Metabolism and Dietary Iron Absorption 247 7.1 An overview of Mammalian Iron Metabolism 247 7.1.1 Introduction 247 7.1.2 The Way Different Cells Handle Iron 249 7.2 Mammalian Iron Absorption 251 7.2.1 Introduction 251 7.2.2 The Intestinal Mucosa 252 7.2.3 Sources of Dietary Iron 253 7.2.4 Iron Loss and Effects on Uptake 255 7.3 Molecular Mechanisms of Mucosal Iron Absorption 256 7.3.1 Iron Uptake at the Apical Pole 256 7.3.2 Iron Transit through and Storage in Enterocytes 259 7.3.3 Iron Efflux across the Basolateral Membrane 259 7.3.4 Regulation of Iron Uptake by the Enterocyte 261 References 261 8 Intracellular Iron Utilisation 265 8.1 Intracellular Iron Pools 265 8.1.1 Introduction 265 8.1.2 The Cytosolic Labile Iron Pool (LIP) 266 8.1.3 Distribution of Iron in the Cytosol 268 8.1.4 Other Intracellular Iron Pools 269 8.2 Mitochondrial Iron Metabolism 271 8.2.1 Mitochondrial Iron Uptake and Storage 271 8.2.2 Mitochondrial Fe–S Protein Biogenesis 271 8.2.3 Maturation of Cytosolic and Nuclear Fe–S Proteins 275 8.2.4 Haem Biosynthesis 283 8.3 Haem Oxygenase 287 8.3.1 Structure and Catalytic Cycle 287 8.3.2 Activation of Haem Oxygenase 1 (HO]1) 292 References 292 9 Iron Storage Proteins 300 9.1 Introduction 300 9.2 The Ferritin Superfamily and Haemosiderins 301 9.2.1 The Ferritin Superfamily 301 9.2.2 Structure of Vertebrate and Invertebrate Ferritins 304 9.2.3 Plant and Bacterial Ferritins 308 9.2.4 Dps Proteins and Rubrerythrins 313 9.2.5 The Mineral Core 319 9.2.6 Haemosiderins 319 9.3 Iron Uptake and Release from Ferritin 320 9.3.1 Iron Uptake in Ferritins 320 9.3.1.1 Entry of Fe(II) into the Protein Shell 321 9.3.1.2 Oxidation of Fe2+ by Ferroxidase Sites 323 9.3.1.3 Mineralisation of the Iron Core 325 9.3.2 Iron Uptake in Dps Proteins 333 9.3.3 Iron Release from Ferritin 333 9.4 Biotechnological Applications of Ferritins 335 References 336 10 Cellular and Systemic Iron Homeostasis 346 10.1 Cellular Iron Homeostasis 346 10.1.1 Translational Control of Protein Synthesis 346 10.1.2 The IRE/IRP System 347 10.1.3 The IREs – distribution and Structure 348 10.1.4 Structural Features of IRP1 and 2 351 10.1.5 The IRE/IRP System Revisited – Iron Controls Iron 353 10.1.6 Metabolic Consequences of Mutations in Ires 357 10.2 Systemic Iron Homeostasis 357 10.2.1 Introduction 357 10.2.2 Hepcidin, the Key Player 358 10.2.3 Factors which Regulate Hepcidin Synthesis 360 10.2.3.1 Iron Availability 361 10.2.3.2 Inflammatory Stimuli 364 10.2.3.3 Erythropoietic Demand 364 10.2.3.4 Hypoxia 365 10.2.3.5 Endocrine Signals 366 10.3 Integration of Iron Homeostatic Systems 367 References 367 11 Iron Deficiency, Iron Overload and Therapy 376 11.1 Iron]deficiency Anaemia (Ida) 376 11.1.1 Introduction – The Size of the Problem 376 11.1.2 Causes of Ida 378 11.1.3 Clinical Stages and Diagnosis of Ida 380 11.1.4 Therapeutic Approaches 383 11.1.5 Anaemia of Chronic Disease (Acd ), Iron Refractory Ida (Irida ) and Anaemia of Chronic Kidney Disease (Ckd) 384 11.2 Hereditary Iron Overload 386 11.2.1 Introduction 386 11.2.2 Hereditary Haemochromatosis (Hh) 386 11.2.3 Causes of HH 387 11.2.4 Types of Haemochromatosis 388 11.2.4.1 Hfe]related (Type 1) Haemochromatosis 388 11.2.4.2 Juvenile (Type 2) Haemochromatosis 390 11.2.4.3 Tfr2]related (Type 3) Haemochromatosis 390 11.2.4.4 Ferroportin Disease 390 11.2.5 Therapy of Hereditary Haemochromatosis 391 11.3 Acquired Iron Overload 395 11.3.1 Introduction – Causes of Acquired Iron Overload 395 11.3.2 Mechanisms of Iron Toxicity 397 11.3.3 Evaluation of Iron Overload 398 11.3.4 Chelation Therapy for Acquired Iron Overload 400 11.3.5 Other Therapeutic Approaches 405 References 406 12 Iron and Immunity 418 12.1 Introduction 418 12.1.1 Innate Immunity 419 12.2 The Key Role of Macrophages 422 12.2.1 Overview 422 12.2.2 Macrophage Phenotypes 425 12.2.3 Microglia 426 12.3 Effect of Iron Status on Phagocytic Cell Function 429 12.3.1 Iron Deficiency 429 12.3.2 Iron Overload 430 12.4 Effect of Phagocytic Cell Function on Iron Metabolism 431 12.4.1 The IRE–Iron Regulatory Protein (IRP) System 431 12.5 Effector Molecules of the Innate Immune System 433 12.5.1 Toll]like Receptors 433 12.5.2 NF]κB 433 12.5.3 Hypoxia]Inducible Factor 1 (Hif 1) 434 12.5.4 Haem Oxygenase 435 12.5.5 DMT1, Nramp1 437 12.6 Adaptive Immunity 437 12.6.1 Cd8+ Lymphocytes and Cytotoxicity 438 12.6.2 CD4+ lymphocytes 438 12.7 Immune Function and other Factors 438 12.7.1 Iron Supplementation and Immune Function 438 12.7.2 Immune Function in the Elderly Population 439 12.7.3 Iron Overload and Immune Function 439 12.7.4 Thalassaemia 440 12.8 Concluding Remarks 440 References 440 13 Iron and Oxidative Stress 444 13.1 Oxidative stress 444 13.1.1 Introduction – Milestones in the History of Life 444 13.1.2 Reactive Oxygen Species (Ros ) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (Rns) 447 13.1.3 Cellular Defence Mechanisms Against Oxidative Stress 450 13.1.4 Role of ROS and RNS in Cell Signalling 460 13.1.5 ROS, RNS and Oxidative Damage 466 References 476 14 Interactions between Iron and other Metals 482 14.1 Introduction 482 14.2 Iron Interactions with Essential Metals 483 14.2.1 Copper 483 14.2.1.1 Introduction 483 14.2.1.2 Copper Acquisition and Metabolism 485 14.2.1.3 Copper Chaperones 486 14.2.1.4 Iron–copper Interactions 487 14.2.2 Zinc 494 14.2.2.1 Introduction 494 14.2.2.2 Iron–zinc Interactions 496 14.2.3 Cobalt 497 14.2.3.1 Introduction 497 14.2.3.2 Iron–cobalt Interactions 498 14.2.4 Manganese 500 14.2.4.1 Iron–manganese Interactions 500 14.2.5 Calcium 501 14.2.5.1 Iron–calcium Interactions 501 14.3 Iron Interactions with Toxic Metals 502 14.3.1 Lead 502 14.3.2 Cadmium 503 14.3.3 Aluminium 505 References 507 15 Iron Homeostasis and Neurodegeneration 516 15.1 Introduction 516 15.2 Brain iron 517 15.2.1 Brain Iron Homeostasis 517 15.2.2 Aging and Brain Iron Content 518 15.3 Iron and Neurodegeneration 522 15.3.1 Introduction 522 15.3.2 Adverse Effects of Iron in Neurodegeneration 522 15.3.2.1 Toxicity of ROS and RNS 522 15.3.2.2 Iron and Mitochondrial Function 523 15.3.2.3 Protein Aggregation 523 15.4 Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation 524 15.4.1 Aceruloplasminaemia 524 15.4.2 Neuroferritinopathy 526 15.4.3 Other NBIAs 528 15.5 Other Monogenic Neurodegenerative Diseases 530 15.5.1 Huntington’s Disease 530 15.5.2 Friedreich’s Ataxia 532 15.6 Neurodegeneration Involving Multiple Genes 533 15.6.1 Parkinson’s Disease (PD) 533 15.6.2 Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) 535 15.6.3 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) 537 15.7 Intracerebral Haemorrhage 538 References 539 Concluding Remarks 544 Index 547

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Book SynopsisDesigned as reference material to increase knowledge of the human body. Beautiful full-colour illustrations help enhance understanding of the body or illness. Suitable for healthcare professions, patients, students, educators and parents.

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Book SynopsisDrs Michael F. Roizen and Mehmet C. Oz, authors of the million-copy bestseller ‘YOU: The Owner's Manual’, have devised a diet that is so effective you'll notice changes in your body immediately. Starting with a Two-Week Reboot that will help you lose up to two inches around your waist, you will shed your unwanted weight forever.Trade Review‘The new “zero-effort” diet’ GRAZIA ‘A revolutionary new fat-busting plan that actually trains your body into dropping a dress size. And the catch? There isn’t one. All you need to do is eat 100 calories less a day.’ GRAZIA ‘This diet is about losing inches, not pounds. 8/10’ DAILY MIRROR

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Book SynopsisA New Scientist Best Book of 2020How is it that a baboon and a blob of slime mould instinctively know what to eat for optimal health, balancing their protein, fat and carb intake in perfect proportions?In new, groundbreaking research that is transforming our understanding of nutrition, animals from locusts to lions and yes, humans too, demonstrate the remarkable science behind appetite.Appetite communicates the body''s nutritional needs to the brain, and eating in accordance with your body''s demands, like the animals, should ensure optimal health, but the modern fast food world wreaks havoc on this evolutionarily honed system.In several landmark studies, Raubenheimer and Simpson prove that appetite can be hacked we can eat for optimal health, for increased fertility or for a longer lifespan. Understanding the science of the appetite offers tremendous power in shaping our bodies and controlling our lives.** Previously published as Eat Like the Animals **Trade ReviewPraise for The Five Appetites‘Raubenheimer and Simpson are known for their deep knowledge of biology and its application to areas of nutrition that are of exceptional interest these days: evolution, feeding behavior, proteins, and insects. These, they weave together into a compelling narrative that should fascinate readers concerned about the science of what we eat as well as the influence of our food environment on our biology.’ Marion Nestle, author of What to Eat Praise for David Raubenheimer and Stephen J. Simpson‘This outstanding book provides the first comprehensive theoretical framework for analyzing the roles of nutrition across a huge swath of fields, from ecology and evolution to conservation and human health. The Nature of Nutrition is creative and scholarly yet approachable. I know of no other book like it.’ Bernard J. Crespi, Simon Fraser University ‘Strikingly well-written … The clear language and enlightening examples allow for the educated layman interested in biology to be astonished by the enormous implications of the nature of nutrition.’ American Journal of Human Biology ‘A really good read.’ Bulletin of the British Ecological Society

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Book SynopsisNew York Times bestsellerBestselling author Dr. Sara Gottfried shares a new, female-friendly keto diet that addresses women’s unique hormonal needs, so readers can shed pounds and maintain the loss more easily.It’s no surprise that most diet plans don’t work for women—most health studies are based on men instead of women, so women have no choice but to follow plans that were created by and for men. The trouble is: women’s bodies don’t work the same way. Popular programs can actually make it harder for women to lose weight, because they can wreak havoc on a woman’s complex and delicate hormonal system. New York Times bestselling author Dr. Sara Gottfried has spent her career demystifying hormones and helping patients improve their health with personalized medicine. In Women, Food, and Hormones, she presents the Gottfried Protocol, a science-based, road-tested plan designed to reset and balance your hormones and accelerate fat loss. Featuring a female-friendly fasting protocol and ketogenic diet that’s tailor-made for women, the Gottfried Protocol is designed to: Work with, not against, women’s hormones—unlike other keto plans. Improve detoxification and blood sugar levels while decreasing stress, hunger, and cravings.  Target belly fat and reduce inflammation. Increase levels of key anti-aging hormones. Complete with essential troubleshooting tips and more than 50 delicious and filling recipes, Women, Food, and Hormones is your all-in-one-guide to hormonal balance and a healthy new you. 

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"This book is a good refresher for budding endocrinologists in training or even primary care physicians/specialists. I enjoyed reading it. This edition, published 13 years after the previous edition, is more reader-friendly with lots of references and figures. The website lets readers access the book on the go, a need of the hour of medical professionals today." --© Doody’s Review Service, 2021, Deepika Arvind Panday, MD, reviewer, expert opinion "Goodman's Basic Medical Endocrinology, Fifth Edition, has been student tested and approved for decades. This essential textbook provides up-to-date coverage of rapidly unfolding advances in the understanding of hormones involved in regulating most aspects of bodily functions. It is richly illustrated in full color with both descriptive schematic diagrams and laboratory findings obtained in clinical studies. This is a classic reference for moving forward into advanced study." --Anticancer Research Praise for previous editions: "...provides a solid overview of endocrine function and control...an introductory text that provides a solid basis of background information for the aspiring clinician, or for students planning to progress in a direction that investigates a broader range of organisms." --GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY "...presents the subject of human endocrinology in a way that actually makes the reader want more...this is an outstanding text for medical students, graduate students, and researchers who need a good reference book in the field." --LIFE SCIENCE BOOK REVIEWTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Pituitary gland 3. Thyroid gland 4. The adrenal glands 5. Principles of hormone integration 6. Hormones of the gastrointestinal tract 7. The pancreatic islets 8. Hormonal regulation of fuel metabolism 9. Regulation of salt and water balance 10. Hormonal regulation of calcium balance 11. Hormonal control of growth 12. Hormonal control of reproduction in the male 13. Hormonal control of reproduction in the female: the menstrual cycle 14. Hormonal control of pregnancy and lactation

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction: The human hypothalamus and neuroendocrine disorders SECTION 15 Structural disorders of the hypothalamo-pituitary region 2. Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome 3. Empty sella syndrome: Multiple endocrine disorders 4. Pituitary dysfunction after aneurysmal subarachnoidal hemorrhage 5. Septo-optic dysplasia SECTION 16 Tumors of the hypothalamus 6. Hypothalamic hormone-producing tumors 7. Craniopharyngiomas primarily affecting the hypothalamus SECTION 17 Neuroimmunological disorders 8. The stress-axis in multiple sclerosis: Clinical, cellular, and molecular aspects 9. Neuroendocrine manifestations of Langerhans cell histiocytosis 10. Neuroendocrine manifestations of Erdheim–Chester disease 11. Hypothalamitis and pituitary atrophy 12. Narcolepsy Type I as an autoimmune disorder 13. Neuromyelitis optica, aquaporin-4 antibodies, and neuroendocrine disorders 14. Antibodies against the pituitary and hypothalamus in boxers 15. Autoimmune diabetes insipidus SECTION 18 Drinking disorders 16. Neuroimaging of central diabetes insipidus 17. Differential diagnosis of familial diabetes insipidus 18. The vasopressin–aquaporin-2 pathway syndromes 19. Adipsic diabetes insipidus 20. Animal models for diabetes insipidus 21. Nocturnal enuresis in children: The role of arginine–vasopressin SECTION 19 Eating disorders 22. Monogenic human obesity syndromes 23. Hypothalamic microinflammation 24. Glucose and fat sensing in the human hypothalamus 25. Hypothalamus and neuroendocrine diseases: The use of human-induced pluripotent stem cells for disease modeling 26. Prader–Willi syndrome: Hormone therapies 27. Transcriptomics of the Prader–Willi syndrome hypothalamus 28. Disorders of hypothalamic function: Insights from Prader–Willi syndrome and the effects of craniopharyngioma 29. Animal models for Prader–Willi syndrome 30. Is there a hypothalamic basis for anorexia nervosa? SECTION 20 Reproduction, olfaction and sexual behavior 31. Sexual differentiation of the human hypothalamus: Relationship to gender identity and sexual orientation 32. Klinefelter syndrome or testicular dysgenesis: Genetics, endocrinology, and neuropsychology 33. Neurobiology of puberty and its disorders

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSection I. Introduction 1. Introduction: On brain and crime Section II. Structure and Function 2. Genetics and epigenetics of human aggression 3. Network localization of antisocial behavior in neurological patients: Evidence and implications 4. Prison and the brain 5. Forensically relevant challenging behaviours and the genetics domain 6. Social-affective functioning and learning in psychopathy 7. Amygdala connectivity and ggression 8. The "(a)moral brain": When things go wrong Section III. Brain dysfunction 9. Illicit drug use and violence 10. Child maltreatment and victimization 11. Sexual offenses and the brain 12. The risk of criminal behavior in the elderly and patients with neurodegenerative disease 13. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and the risk of crime Section IV. Assessment and Treatment 14. Cognition, criminal conduct, and virtual reality: Understanding and reducing offending using simulated environments 15. Added value of neurotechnology for forensic psychiatric and psychological assessment Section V. Ethics and Law 16. Neurolaw: Challenges and limits 17. Why neuroscience changes some things but not everything for the law 18. Neurotechnology to reduce recidivism: Ethical and legal challenges

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSection I. Introduction to Mitochondrial Diseases 1. Mitochondrial disease in neurology – Past, present, and future Section II. Most Common Neurological Manifestations of Mitochondrial Disease 2. Progressive external ophthalmoplegia 3. Mitochondrial optic neuropathies 4. Leigh syndrome 5. Stroke-like episodes in adult mitochondrial disease 6. Ataxia and spastic paraplegia in mitochondrial disease 7. Peripheral neuropathy in mitochondrial disease 8. Complex neurological and multisystem presentations in mitochondrial disease Section III. Diagnosing Mitochondrial Disease 9. Investigation of oxidative phosphorylation activity and composition in mitochondrial disease 10. Genetics of mitochondrial diseases: Current approaches for the molecular diagnosis 11. Laboratory and metabolic investigations 12. Neuroimaging in mitochondrial disease Section IV. Therapy and Future Challenges 13. Currently available therapies in mitochondrial disease 14. Reproductive options in mitochondrial disease 15. Clinical trials in mitochondrial disease 16. Blood biomarkers of mitochondrial disease – One for all or all for one? 17. Experimental therapy for mitochondrial diseases

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Book SynopsisThis second and final volume of the biography of Hans Krebs covers his early years in England, 1933-1937, when he laid the foundations of our modern understanding of intermediary metabolism.Trade Review'This is not only a study of Krebs's research, it is also a comprehensive biography of Krebs's personal as well as scientific life ... These two volumes represent an extraordinary achievement, as a biography of a man, living in a time of turmoil and upheaval, who emerged as a great scientists. The story of both the man and the science is full and rewarding. Among studies of biochemists, I know of nothing in the least comparable with Holmes's achievement here, in its depth and breadth.' John T. Edsall, Harvard University, Nature, Vol. 366, December 1993'This is the second and concluding volume of Holmes' biography of Hans Krebs ... a remarkable ad detailed account of a significant period in the development of biochemistry, reflected in the work of a major "architect."' Nathaniel I. Berlin, University of Miami, JAMA, Vol. 271, No. 14, 1994'Tis is a substantial scientific biography covering four years of the life of Krebs ... There is an enormous amount of detail and the book will be of interest mainly to scientific historians.' Aslib Book Guide, Vol. 59, No. 6, June 1994Table of ContentsIntroduction ; 1. A new home for a career ; 2. Laboratory life in Cambridge ; 3. Progress under pressure ; 4. New moves ; 5. Arrivals and partings ; 6. The "Great Work" ; 7. Relocations and dismutations ; 8. Main routes and carriers ; 9. Full circle ; 10. Reflections ; Guide to structural formulas ; Notes

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Book SynopsisEnzymes are the astonishing, tiny molecular machines that make life possible. Each one of these small proteins speeds up a single chemical reaction inside a living organism many millionfold. Working together, teams of enzymes carry out all the processes that collectively we recognise as life, from making DNA to digesting food. This Very Short Introduction explains the why and the how of speeding up these reactions - catalysis - before going on to reveal how we have evolved these catalysts of such extraordinary power and exquisite selectivity. Paul Engel shows how X-ray crystallography has revealed the complex molecular shapes that allow enzymes to function at an extraordinarily sophisticated level. He also examines medical aspects of enzymes, both in the way faulty enzymes cause disease and in the way enzymes can be used for diagnosis and therapy. Finally, he looks at the many varied ways in which individual enzymes, taken out of their biological context, are used nowadays as tools - in washing powders, food production, waste treatment, and chemical synthesis.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.Trade ReviewA fairly comprehensive textbook that provides a decent technical grounding in enzymology and will no doubt teach many professional biologists a thing or two * Nadia Abbott AMRSB, The Biologist *This book would be an excellent accompaniment to an undergraduate biology student or someone with a scientific background who wishes to know more about enzymology. * Lucy Elphick, The Biochemist *It would be perfect for students who want to have a (somewhat more than) basic understanding of the subject before delving deeper ... my overall understanding of the subject is more rounded. Thanks Professor Engel! * Mary Staunton, University College Dublin Today *Table of Contents1: No Enzymes, No Life 2: Making Things Happen - Catalysis 3: The Chemical Nature of Enzymes 4: Structure for Catalysis 5: Enzymes in Action 6: Metabolic Pathways and Enzyme Evolution 7: Enzymes and Disease 8: Enzymes as Tools 9: Enzymes and Genes - New Horizons References Further reading Index

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewDoody's Core Titles® 2022 Doody's Core Titles® 2022 Essential Purchase "This is a high-quality book that will be an essential reference for practitioners in a variety of fields. Clarity of writing and completeness of detail, as well as the focus on emergency situations, make it a unique resource." ©Doody's Review Service, 2022, Carol Scott-Conner, MD, PhD, MBA (University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics)Table of ContentsI. Thyroid 1. Thyroid storm: acute thyrotoxicosis Trevor E. Angell and Melissa G. Lechner 2. Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis Anupam Kotwal and Marius Stan 3. Ocular emergencies in Graves' ophthalmopathy Ann Tran and Michael Kazim 4. Myxedema coma Dorina Ylli and Leonard Wartofsky 5. Acute Suppurative Thyroiditis Sara Ahmadi and Erik K. Alexander 6. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: a review and suggestions for treatment Svetlana L. Krasnova, Jan Calissendorff and Henrik Falhammar II. Postoperative thyroid surgical emergencies 7. Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis - management of the recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries Yasuhiro Ito, Akira Miyauchi and Hiroo Masuoka 8. Post thyroidectomy emergencies: management of tracheal and esophageal injuries Gustavo Romero-Velez and Randall P. Owen 9. Radioactive Iodine (131I) Thyroid Ablation and the Salivary Glands Louis Mandel III. Parathyroid 10. Hypercalcemic crisis Tariq Chukir, Azeez Farooki and John Bilezikian 11. Hypocalcemic crisis: acute postoperative and chronic management of hypocalcemia Stuart Campbell, Tara Corrigan, John Bilezikian and Alexander Shifrin IV. Adrenal Glands 12. Acute adrenal hypertensive emergencies: pheochromocytoma, Cushing's, hyperaldosteronism Monika Akula, Raquel Kristin Sanchez Ong, Alexander Shifrin and William F. Young Jr. 13. Pheochromocytoma: perioperative and Intraoperative management Maureen McCartney Anderson, Tara Corrigan and Alexander Shifrin 14. Acute Adrenal insufficiency Ramya Punati, Raquel Kristin Sanchez Ong and Stefan Richard Bornstein V. Endocrine Pancreas and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors 15. Diabetic emergencies: ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state and hypoglycaemia Heidi Guzman and David W. Lam 16. Pancreatic neuroendocrine emergencies (gastrinoma, insulinoma, glucoganoma, VIPoma, somatostatinoma, PPoma) Jason D. Prescott VI. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs): gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors 17. Carcinoid Syndrome and Carcinoid Crisis Sarah Wonn and Rodney Pommier VII. Pituitary 18. Post-Surgical and Post-Traumatic Hyponatremia Ansha Goel and Joseph G. Verbalis 19. Diabetes Insipidus and Acute Hypernatremia Chelsi Flippo, Christina Tatsi and Constantine Stratakis 20. Hypopituitarism Sara Elisabeth Lubitz 21. Pituitary Apoplexy Alison P. Seitz and Makoto Ishii VIII. Endocrine emergencies during pregnancy 22. Endocrine emergencies during pregnancy Christopher Goodier and Aundrea Eason Loftley 23. Graves' hyperthyroidism in pregnancy Caroline T. Nguyen and Jorge H. Mestman IX. Immunotherapy - associated endocrinopathies 24. Endocrinopathies Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Monica Girotra X. Endocrine emergencies in children 25. Endocrine Responses in Critically ill and Trauma Patients Lane Frasier, Jane J. Keating and Adam Michael Shiroff 26. Use of Potassium Iodide Ingestion in a Nuclear Emergency Daniel Toft and Arthur B. Schneider

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"This book highlights the most important, up-to-date information as a whole, providing an easy-to-access resource for physicians of all levels." ©Doody's Review Service, 2022, Maria Aguilera, MD (Cook County Health) Doody's Score: 4 Stars!Table of ContentsTop 100 Secrets 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Classification, Etiology and Pathogenesis 2 Comprehensive Medical Evaluation of Persons with Diabetes 3 Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome 4 Diabetic Nephropathy 5 Diabetic Retinopathy 6 Diabetic Neuropathies 7 Prevention of Macrovascular Complications 8 Diabetes and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 9 Diabetes Management: Lifestyle Measures - Nutrition 10 Exercise and Diabetes 11 Diabetes Management: Insulin Therapy 12 Diabetes Management: Non-Insulin Therapies 13 Carbohydrate Counting and Precise Insulin Dosing 14 Type 2 Diabetes Management: Selecting Glycemic Targets and Choosing the Right Therapy 15 Diabetes Prevention 16 Diabetes and Pregnancy 17 Diabetes Management in Cancer Patients 18 Diabetes in Older Adults 19 Diabetes Management During Exercise, Sports and Competition 20 Diabetes Management in Hospitalized Patients 21 Continuous Glucose Monitoring 22 Continuous Glucose Monitoring Interpretation: Practice Cases 23 Insulin Pumps and Integrated Systems 24 Looping 25 Hypoglycemia 26 Weight Management in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 27 Identifying and Overcoming Barriers to Achieving Glucose Control 28 Diabetes in Africa FM BM 29 Diabetes Diagnosis and Management in New Zealand

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"This book provides practical guidance and clinical insight for the assessment and management of a wide variety of adrenal disorders using cased-based learning. It is a helpful resource for practitioners and trainees alike, especially for reviewing rarely seen cases with expert advice." ©Doody's Review Service, 2022, Marcelo Ramirez, M.D. (Cook County Health)Table of ContentsSection A. Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Mass Case #1: 45-Year Old Woman with an Incidentally Discovered Large Adrenal Mass Case #2: Adrenal Mass in a Patient with History of Extra-adrenal Malignancy: the Role of Imaging Case #3: Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Mass in a Patient with History of Extra-adrenal Malignancy: the Role of Adrenal Biopsy Case #4: Nonfunctioning Lipid Rich Adrenocortical Adenoma-Role of Follow-up Case #5: 54-Year Old Woman with an Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Mass and Abnormal Dexamethasone Suppression Test: Role of Adrenalectomy Case #6: Lipid Poor Adrenal Masses-The Case for Aggressive Management Section B. Primary Aldosteronism Case #7: Primary Aldosteronism-When Adrenal Venous Sampling is not Needed Before Unilateral Adrenalectomy Case #8: Primary Aldosteronism with Unilateral Adrenal Nodule on Computed Tomography Case #9: Primary Aldosteronism with Bilateral Adrenal Nodules on Computed Tomography Case #10: Primary Aldosteronism Caused by Unilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia Case #11: Primary Aldosteronism in a Patient with Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia and Associated Clinically Important Cortisol Co-secretion Case #12: Primary Aldosteronism in a Patient with an Adrenal Macroadenoma and Clinically Important Cortisol Co-secretion Case #13: Primary Aldosteronism in a Patient Treated with Spironolactone Case #14: Failed Catheterization of the Right Adrenal Vein-When Incomplete Adrenal Venous Sampling Data Can Be Used to Direct a Surgical Cure Case #15: Primary Aldosteronism: When Adrenal Venous Sampling Shows Suppressed Aldosterone Secretion From Both Adrenal Glands Section C. ACTH-Independent Cushing Syndrome Case #16: 28-Year-Old Woman with Remote History of Adrenal Mass Presenting with New Onset Hypertension and Weight Gain Case #17: 26-Year-Old Woman with a Discrepant Work-up for Cushing Syndrome Subtype Case #18: 45-Year-Old Woman with Corticotropin-Independent Cushing Syndrome and Bilateral Adrenal Adenomas Case #19: Corticotropin-Independent Cushing Syndrome in a Patient with "Normal” Adrenal Imaging Case #20: 66-Year-Old Woman with Corticotropin-Independent Hypercortisolism and Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia Case #21: 35-Year-Old Woman with Low Bone Density and Fractures Case #22: Carney Triad (Pentad) and Adrenal Adenoma with Clinically Important Cortisol Secretory Autonomy Section D. Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma and Oncocytic Neoplasm Case #23: Adrenal cortical carcinoma in a patient with history of adrenal incidentaloma Case #24: Unexpected Diagnosis of Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma: Role of Urinary Steroid Profiling Case #25: Oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma Case #26: Mitotane therapy in the ENSAT Stage II Adrenocortical Carcinoma Case #27: Cortisol-Secreting Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma-Role for Surgical Debulking of the Primary Tumor Case #28: Adrenocortical Carcinoma and Severe Cushing Syndrome Case #29: Pure Aldosterone-Secreting Adrenocortical Carcinoma Case #30: Long-standing Primary Aldosteronism in a Patient Diagnosed with Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma Case #31: Adrenocortical Carcinoma Associated with Lynch Syndrome Case #32: Adrenocortical Carcinoma Associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Case #33: Adrenocortical Carcinoma Presenting with Inferior Vena Cava Thrombus Case #34: Management of Mitotane Therapy in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Section E. Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Case #35: Most Pheochromocytomas Grow Slowly Case #36: The "Prebiochemical” Pheochromocytoma Case #37: Huge Catecholamine-Secreting Tumor Case#38: Metyrosine Use in a Patient with Metastatic Pheochromocytoma Case #39: Pheochromocytoma in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Case #40: New Diagnosis of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A in a Patient with Bilateral Pheochromocytomas Case #41: Pheochromocytoma in a Patient with von Hippel Lindau Disease Case #42: Bilateral Pheochromocytoma in a Patient with MYC-associated Protein X (MAX) Genetic Predisposition Case #43: The Cystic Pheochromocytoma Case #44: Skull Base and Neck Paragangliomas-Considerations for the Endocrinologist Case #45: Cardiac Paraganglioma. Case #46: Pheochromocytoma in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B Case #47: Metastatic Paraganglioma-An Approach to Management and the Use Serial Imaging to Assess Rate of Tumor Progression Case #48: Metastatic Pheochromocytoma-Role for 68-Ga DOTATATE PET CT Case #49: Carney Triad (Pentad) and Catecholamine-Secreting Paragangliomas Case #50: Metastatic Paraganglioma-Role For Systemic Chemotherapy Case #51: Cryoablation Therapy for Metastatic Paraganglioma Case #52: Paraganglioma in a patient with cyanotic cardiac disease Case #53: Metastatic Paraganglioma-Role For External Beam Radiation Therapy Section F. Corticotropin (ACTH)-Dependent Hypercortisolism Case #54:ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome can be frequently misdiagnosed Case #55: ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome-Role for Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling Case #56: ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome-When Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling is Not Needed Case #57: Severe ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome Due to a Pituitary Adenoma Ectopic Cushing Syndrome Associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B Case #59: Ectopic Cushing Syndrome Treated with Cryoablation Case #60: Cyclical Ectopic Cushing Syndrome Case #61: Mild Cushing Syndrome Associated with Ectopic Corticotropin Secretion Case #62: Bilateral Adrenal Cryoablation in Corticotropin-dependent Cushing Syndrome Case #63: Cushing Syndrome Associated with Ectopic Corticotropin and Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Secreting Pheochromocytoma Case #64: Cushing Syndrome in the Setting of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Section G. Other Adrenal Masses Case #65: Adrenal Myelolipoma-A Computed Tomography Diagnosis Case #66: Adrenal Schwannoma Case #67: Trauma-Related Unilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage Case #68: Bilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage Case #69: Primary Adrenal Teratoma Case #70: The Adrenal Stone Case #71: Simple Adrenal Cyst Case #72: Adrenal Cystic Lymphangioma Case #73: Adrenal Hemangioma Case #74: Adrenal Ganglioneuroma Case #75: 42-Year-Old Woman with a Large Adrenal Mass Case #76: Primary Adrenal Leiomyosarcoma Case #77: Primary Adrenal Lymphoma Case #78. 39-Year-Old Man with a Large Adrenal Mass Case # 79: 59-Year-Old Man with Enlarging Bilateral Adrenal Masses Case # 80: 65-Year-Old Man with Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Case #81: 47-Year-Old Man with Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Case #82: Bilateral Adrenal Myelolipoma-Think of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Case #83: A Unilateral Lipid Poor Adrenal Mass-An Atypical Presentation of Adrenal Histoplasmosis Case #84: Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (BMAH) in the Setting of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Case #85: Pseudo-Adrenal Masses Section H. Adrenal and Ovarian Hyperandrogenism Case #86: A Huge Adrenal Myelolipoma in a Patient with a Suboptimally Controlled Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Case #87: Balancing Glucocorticoid and Androgen Excess in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Case #88: Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S): The "Love it” or "Hate it” Hormone Case #89: Sorting out the Source of Androgen Excess in a Postmenopausal Woman with an Adrenal and an Ovarian Mass Case #90: Primary Testosterone-Secreting Adrenocortical Carcinoma in a Premenopausal Woman. Case #91: Premenopausal Woman with Testosterone-secreting Ovarian Tumor Case #92: Sorting out the Source of Androgen Excess in a Postmenopausal Woman with an Adrenal Mass Case #93: Testosterone-Secreting Benign Adrenal Adenoma in a Postmenopausal Woman Section I. Adrenal Disorders in Pregnancy Case #94: Malignant Pheochromocytoma in Pregnancy Case #95: Catecholamine-Secreting Paraganglioma in Pregnancy Case #96: The Peripartum Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma and a Genetic Mystery Solved Case #97. History of Pregnancy in a 41-Year-Old Woman with Undiagnosed Cushing syndrome Case #98: Pregnancy in a Patient with Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Case #99: Pregnancy in a Patient with 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency Case #100: Primary Aldosteronism in Pregnancy

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"This book covers reproductive endocrinology with bulleted lists under the chapter headings, providing excellent summaries of the content for quick and easy review. This ninth edition is an update to the previous version, which was published in 2017." ©Doody's Review Service, 2023, Prathayini Subarajan, DO (Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine) Doody's Score: 5 Stars!Table of ContentsPART 1: THE FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN REPRODUCTION Chapter 1 Neuroendocrinology of Reproduction Chapter 2 Gonadotropic Hormones and Their Receptors Chapter 3 Prolactin Chapter 4 Steroidogenesis and Lipid Mediators Chapter 5 Steroid Hormone Action Chapter 6 Growth Factors Chapter 7 Neuroendocrine Control of the Menstrual Cycle Chapter 8 The Ovarian Life Cycle Chapter 9 Meiosis, Fertilization and Embryo Development- NEW Chapter 10 Structure and Function of the Female Reproductive Tract Chapter 11 Endocrinology of Pregnancy Chapter 12 The Breast Chapter 13 The Hypothalamic-Pituitary Unit, Testis and Male Accessory Organs Chapter 14 Menopause and Aging Chapter 15 Male Reproductive Aging Chapter 16 Immunology of Reproduction :PART 2: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND THERAPY Chapter 17 Disorders of Sexual Development Chapter 18 Puberty Chapter 19 Nutrition and Reproduction Chapter 20 Environmental Factors and Reproduction Chapter 21 Pathophysiology of Neuroendocrine Disorders of Reproduction Chapter 22 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hyperandrogenic States Chapter 23 Female Infertility Chapter 24 Male Infertility Chapter 25 Endocrine Diseases Affecting Reproduction Chapter 26 Benign Uterine Diseases Chapter 27 Endometriosis Chapter 28 Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Chapter 29 Endocrine Diseases in Pregnancy Chapter 30 Hormone Responsive Cancers PART 3: REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES Chapter 31 Medical Approaches to Ovarian Stimulation Chapter 32 Assisted Reproduction Chapter 33 Gamete and Embryo Manipulation Chapter 34 Laboratory Assessment Chapter 35 Imaging Chapter 36 Emerging Technologies- NEW Chapter 37 Contraception

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart 1 Conceptual Framework 1. The definition of precision medicine in neurodegenerative disorders and the one disease-many-diseases tension 2. Models of precision medicine for neurodegeneration 3. Pathology vs pathogenesis: Rationale and pitfalls in the clinicopathology model of neurodegeneration 4. Mixed pathology as a rule, not exception: Time to reconsider disease nosology? 5. Neurodegenerative disorders: From clinicopathology convergence to systems biology divergence 6. The emergence of genotypic divergence and future precision medicine applications 7. Lessons from other fields of medicine, Part 1: Breast cancer 8. Lessons from other fields of medicine, Part 2: Cystic fibrosis 9. Lessons learned from evolving frameworks in adult glioblastoma Part 2 Pitfalls in Definitions, Cohorts, and Measures of Progression 10. Finding the falsification threshold of the toxic proteinopathy hypothesis in neurodegeneration 11. The theoretical problems of “prodrome” and “phenoconversion” in neurodegeneration 12. The dilemma between milestones of progression vs. clinical scales in Parkinson disease 13. Biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis, pathogenesis, response to therapy: Convergence or divergence? Lessons from Alzheimer Disease and synucleinopathies 14. Challenges in the study of individuals at risk for Parkinson disease 15. The challenging quest of neuroimaging: From clinical to molecular-based subtyping of Parkinson disease and atypical parkinsonisms

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart 3 Basic Science Development 1. Role of rodent models in advancing precision medicine for Parkinson disease 2. The allure and pitfalls of the prion-like aggregation in neurodegeneration 3. The shift to a proteinopenia paradigm in neurodegeneration 4. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Lysosomal dysfunction in the endolysosomal Parkinson disease subtype 5. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Mitochondrial and bioenergetic dysfunction 6. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Immune dysfunction in Parkinson disease 7. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Inflammation in Parkinson disease and related disorders 8. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Microbiome 9. LRRK2: Genetic mechanisms vs genetic subtypes 10. Genetic mechanism vs genetic subtypes: The example of GBA 11. Subtyping monogenic disorders: Huntington disease Part 4 Clinical Trials and Therapeutic Approaches 12. Disease-modifying vs symptomatic treatments: splitting over lumping 13. Restorative cell and gene therapies for Parkinson disease 14. The promise and challenges of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases 15. Therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative disorders 16. Lessons from antiamyloid-ß immunotherapies in Alzheimer disease 17. Lessons from immunotherapies in multiple sclerosis 18. Adaptive clinical trials and master protocols 19. Role of novel endpoints and evaluations of response in Parkinson Disease 20. Leveraging the regulatory framework to facilitate drug development in Parkinson disease

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSECTION I Overview of Polycystic Syndrome 1 Introduction to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 2 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes 3 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Adolescents SECTION II Pathogenesis and Clinical Presentation 4 Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 5 Interplay of Adipocytokines With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 6 Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Chronic Inflammation in Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 7 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Subfertility: Ovulation Dysregulation and Fertility Problems (Clinical Features and Pathophysiology) 8 Clinical Features and Presentation of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 56 9 Diagnostic Criteria for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 10 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome: Risks in Later Life 11 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Mental Health 12 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 13 Male Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Equivalent SECTION III Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Associated Comorbidities 14 Pharmacologic Management of PCOS: Menstrual Irregularities 15 Pharmacologic Management for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Hirsutism and Acne 16 Pharmacologic Management for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Weight Loss 17 Role of Insulin Sensitizers in the Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 18 Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 19 Management of Subfertility in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 20 Management of Associated Risks of Pregnancy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 21 Importance of Lifestyle Modifications 22 Role of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 23 Evidence-Based Recommendations for Clinical Practice (Future Directions: Research and Practice) SECTION IV Global Approach to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 24 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in South Asians 25 Situation Analysis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Central and East Asia 26 Situational Analysis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Southeast Asia 27 Situation Analysis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Western Asia 28 Situation Analysis, Cultural Beliefs, Lifestyle,and the Psychological Impact of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Europe 29 Global Approach to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Africa 30 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in North America

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Book SynopsisEXHAUSTION DOESN’T HAVE TO BE YOUR NEW NORMAL.Discover how to conquer burnout and increase energy from a leading medical doctor. Ready to go from feeling effing tired to effing fantastic? Does it feel like your life is too busy and your days are too short? Are you feeling overworked, overstressed, and overtired? Chances are you’ve asked your doctor for help, only to be told that it’s because of your age, or your workload, or, worse, that it’s just “normal.” If so, you’re not alone. Women of all ages are suffering from an epidemic of fatigue and burnout. But exhaustion doesn’t have to be your new normal. Inspired by her personal wellness journey, integrative medical doctor Amy Shah has created this program so that you can regain your energy and reclaim your life. The key is tapping into the powerful energy trifecta: the complex relationship between your gut, your immune system,

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Book SynopsisThis updated text is a pictorial atlas of endocrine and metabolic disorders. Each chapter focuses on providing multiple illustrations as well as a thorough discussion of the diagnosis and management of a variety of endocrine diseases with their appropriate treatment plans. Using updated guidelines, it provides a comprehensive discussion of the latest therapies, including diabetes technology. Presenting a large number of clinical images, including imaging of thyroid ultrasounds, DXA images, bone scans, and new technologies in diabetes mellitus, this atlas aims to provide the reader with the information needed to make accurate diagnoses, making it an updated source of highly illustrated information for endocrinologists, clinicians, residents, fellows and trainees. With new chapters on transgender medicine and obesity, this textbook is a valuable resource for the contemporary endocrine practitioner.Features new chapters such as transgender medicine and inborn errors of metaTable of Contents1. Thyroid Disorders. 2. Diabetes Mellitus. 3. Obesity. 4. Metabolic Bone Disorders. 5. Hypothalamic-pituitary Disorders. 6. Adrenal Disorders. 7. Female Reproductive Disorders. 8. Male Reproductive Disorders. 9. Lipid Disorders. 10. Errors of Inborn Metabolism. 11. Neuroendocrine Tumors. 12. Endocrinologic Care of Transgender Patients. 13. Genetic Endocrine Disorders.

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Book SynopsisThis updated text is a pictorial atlas of endocrine and metabolic disorders. Each chapter focuses on providing multiple illustrations as well as a thorough discussion of the diagnosis and management of a variety of endocrine diseases with their appropriate treatment plans. Using updated guidelines, it provides a comprehensive discussion of the latest therapies, including diabetes technology. Presenting a large number of clinical images, including imaging of thyroid ultrasounds, DXA images, bone scans, and new technologies in diabetes mellitus, this atlas aims to provide the reader with the information needed to make accurate diagnoses, making it an updated source of highly illustrated information for endocrinologists, clinicians, residents, fellows and trainees. With new chapters on transgender medicine and obesity, this textbook is a valuable resource for the contemporary endocrine practitioner.Features new chapters such as transgender medicine and inborn errors of metaTable of Contents1. Thyroid Disorders. 2. Diabetes Mellitus. 3. Obesity. 4. Metabolic Bone Disorders. 5. Hypothalamic-pituitary Disorders. 6. Adrenal Disorders. 7. Female Reproductive Disorders. 8. Male Reproductive Disorders. 9. Lipid Disorders. 10. Errors of Inborn Metabolism. 11. Neuroendocrine Tumors. 12. Endocrinologic Care of Transgender Patients. 13. Genetic Endocrine Disorders.

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Book SynopsisA guided tour through the strange science of hormones and the age-old quest to control them.Trade Review"A rollicking history certain to get your intellectual and physiologic juices flowing. Adrenaline-tinged tales and hot flashes of history—just what the doctor ordered." -- Lisa Sanders, New York Times Magazine Diagnosis columnist"A sweeping, glorious story of hormones, threaded through with sex, suffering, neurology, biology, medicine and self-discovery, Randi Hutter Epstein’s book manages to excite the imagination as well as calm it. The story is grippingly told, and Epstein manages to bring a whole system of science alive to her reading public." -- Siddhartha Mukherjee, author of The Gene: An Intimate History"Hormones may be ringmasters of the bodily circus, controlling everything from sex to metabolic function, but in this invigorating history they become stars of the show." -- Nature"Congratulations to my friend @randihepstein on the publication of her book! I loved reading it and highly recommend it to anyone interested in public health or your own health!" -- Chelsea Clinton"I’m hitting up the public library for two. The first is Randi Hutter Epstein’s Aroused: The history of hormones and how they control just about everything (Norton), which I hope will answer the most banal of questions as I continue my reluctant march through midlife: What the hell is happening to me?" -- Jennie Erin Smith, Summer Books 2018 - Times Literary Supplement"The field of endocrinology, as this compelling history shows, has manifested extremes of ingenuity and hubristic error." -- The New Yorker"A well-written and informative book on the history of hormone research." -- The New York Times Book Review

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Book SynopsisDiabetes research on models comprising intact animal tissues, cell cultures and isolated pancreatic islets is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease as well as the mechanisms responsible for the chronic complications associated with it. Enormous advances in the understanding of the development of diabetes and its prevention have recently been derived from work with such animal models. This book presents the state-of-the-art knowledge in the field of diabetes research directed at understanding the mechanisms governing the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Muscle Metabolism will be of significant interest for those researching diabetes at an experimental level in both academia and the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, it will also be of interest to researchers in the fields of obesity, metabolism, endocrinology and molecular biology.Table of ContentsInsulin Signaling. Overview: Tyrosine Kinase Signaling in Insulin Action. Defects in Early Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle. Defects in Intermediate Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle: (PI) 3-kinase and Glucose Transport. Glucose Transport. Glucose Transport in Muscle. The GLUT4 Compartments of Skeletal Muscle. Substrate Utilization. Adverse Metabolic Consequences of Hyperglycemia ("Glucose Toxicity"): Implications for the Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus. Cellular Mediators of Glucose-Induced Autoregulation of Hexose Transport. Physiological Adaptations in Glucose Utilization of Skeletal Muscle. Fatty Acids and Muscle Insulin Resistance. Role of AMP Kinase and Malonyl CoA in Exercise-stimulated Skeletal Muscle Metabolism and Insulin Action. Transgenic and Genetic Models. The Use of Mouse Transgenic and Homologous Recombination Technologies to Analyze the Physiologic Basis of Glucose Homeostasis. Transgenic Approaches to Insulin Signaling. Transgenic Models to Study Glucose Transport and Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle. Diabetic Animals. Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle: a Role for Impaired Insulin Activation of Glycogen Synthase. Muscle GLUT4 Traffic and Insulin Resistant States. Glucose Transport in Heart: Special Emphasis on Insulin Resistance and NIDM. Cellular Redox State and Insulin Sensitivity: Potential Role of Lipoic Acid. Exercise and Aging. Exercise Training and Muscle Insulin Resistance: Cellular Adaptations. Effects of Physical Exercise on the Decreased Insulin Action Caused by Aging. Effects of Aging on Glucose Homeostasis: Cellular Approaches. Application to Humans. Insulin Resistance: Whole Body Mechanisms in Humans. Cellular Mechanisms.

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Book SynopsisMETABOLIC SYNDROME A comprehensive look at the fight against the metabolic syndrome epidemic Increasing risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, the metabolic syndrome is a world health problem that demands attention from all levels of the health care industry. Metabolic Syndrome: Underlying Mechanisms and Drug therapies extensively covers the metabolic syndrome with an emphasis on drug discovery efforts, providing a context of molecular mechanisms and drug pharmacology for pharmaceutical scientists. The book starts by examining the physiology of metabolic tissues under normal and disease states, followed by discussions of metabolic diseases and clinical complications. The development of drug therapies based on emerging science is then covered extensively. In addition, there is an in-depth look into the metabolic pathways and dysfunctions in metabolic disease, especially type 2 diabetes and lipid disorders. Finally, a chapter is devoted to past succTrade Review"This is an outstanding addition to the current body of work on the metabolic syndrome. I thought it particularly exhaustive in its review of the literature, making it an excellent resource for scouring the primary literature, and found the duality of current and future treatment approaches particularly insightful." (Doody's, 21 October 2011) "The book offers a comprehensive and in-depth view of energy metabolism, metabolic tissues and pathways, molecular mechanism-based drug discovery and clinical implications." (Pharmiweb, 1 March 2011)Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Minghan Wang Contributors xi Part One The Physiology of Metabolic Tissues Under Normal and Disease States 1. Gut as an Endocrine Organ: the Role of Nutrient Sensing in Energy Metabolism 3 Minghan Wang 2. Central Glucose Sensing and Control of Food Intake and Energy Homeostasis 29 Lourdes Mounien and Bernard Thorens 3. Abnormalities in Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 53 Taly Meas and Pierre-Jean Guillausseau 4. Adipokine Production by Adipose Tissue: A Novel Target for Treating Metabolic Syndrome and its Sequelae 73 Vanessa DeClercq, Danielle Stringer, Ryan Hunt, Carla G. Taylor, and Peter Zahradka 5. Hepatic Metabolic Dysfunctions in Type 2 Diabetes: Insulin Resistance and Impaired Glucose Production and Lipid Synthesis 133 Ruojing Yang 6. Energy Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle and its Link to Insulin Resistance 157 Minghan Wang Part Two Metabolic Diseases and Current Therapies 7. Mechanisms and Complications of Metabolic Syndrome 179 Minghan Wang 8. Emerging Therapeutic Approaches for Dyslipidemias Associated with High LDL and Low HDL 199 Margrit Schwarz and Jae B. Kim 9. Mechanism of Action of Niacin: Implications for Atherosclerosis and Drug Discovery 235 Devan Marar, Shobha H. Ganji, Vaijinath S. Kamanna, and Moti L. Kashyap 10. Current Antidiabetic Therapies and Mechanisms 253 Minghan Wang Part Three Drug Targets for Antidiabetic Therapies 11. GLP-1 Biology, Signaling Mechanisms, Physiology, and Clinical Studies 281 Remy Burcelin, Cendrine Cabou, Christophe Magnan, and Pierre Gourdy 12. Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors for Treatment of Diabetes 327 C.H.S. McIntosh, S.-J. Kim, R.A. Pederson, U. Heiser, and H.-U. Demuth 13. Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors 359 Margaret Ryan and Serge A. Jabbour 14. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 as a Novel Metabolic Regulator 377 Radmila Micanovic, James D. Dunbar, and Alexei Kharitonenkov 15. Sirtuins as Potential Drug Targets for Metabolic Diseases 391 Qiang Tong 16. 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 as a Therapeutic Target for Type 2 Diabetes 423 Clarence Hale and David J. St. Jean, Jr. 17. Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Case Study with Glucagon Receptor Blockade 459 Hai Yan, Wei Gu, and Murielle Veniant-Ellison Part Four Lessons Learned and Future Outlook 18. Drug Development for Metabolic Diseases: Past, Present and Future 471 Minghan Wang Index 489

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Book SynopsisMetabolism at a Glance presents a concise, illustrated summary of metabolism in health and disease. This essential text is progressively appropriate for introductory through to advanced medical and biochemistry courses.Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgements x Part 1 Energy metabolism 1 Introduction to metabolic pathways 2 2 Biosynthesis of ATP I: ATP, the molecule that powers metabolism 4 3 Biosynthesis of ATP II: mitochondrial respiratory chain 6 4 Oxidation of cytosolic NADH: the malate/aspartate shuttle and glycerol phosphate shuttle 8 5 Metabolism of glucose to provide energy 10 6 Metabolism of one molecule of glucose yields 31 (or should it be 38?) molecules of ATP 12 7 Anaerobic metabolism of glucose and glycogen to yield energy as ATP 14 8 2,3‐Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3‐BPG) and the red blood cell 16 9 Metabolism of triacylglycerol to provide energy as ATP 18 Part 2 Carbohydrate metabolism 10 Metabolism of glucose to glycogen 20 11 Glycogen metabolism I 22 12 Glycogen metabolism II 24 13 Glycogen metabolism III: regulation of glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) 26 14 Glycogen metabolism IV: regulation of glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis) 28 15 Pentose phosphate pathway: the production of NADPH and reduced glutathione 30 16 Regulation of glycolysis: overview exemplified by glycolysis in cardiac muscle 32 17 Glycolysis in skeletal muscle: biochemistry of sport and exercise 34 18 Regulation of gluconeogenesis 36 19 Regulation of Krebs cycle 38 20 Mammals cannot synthesize glucose from fatty acids 40 21 Supermouse: overexpression of cytosolic PEPCK in skeletal muscle causes super‐athletic performance 42 22 Sorbitol, galactitol, glucuronate and xylitol 44 23 Fructose metabolism 46 24 Ethanol metabolism 48 Part 3 Fat metabolism 25 Pyruvate/malate cycle and the production of NADPH 50 26 Metabolism of glucose to fat (triacylglycerol) 52 27 Metabolism of glucose to fatty acids and triacylglycerol 54 28 Glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway collaborate in liver to make fat 56 29 Esterification of fatty acids to triacylglycerol in liver and white adipose tissue 58 30 Mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue I: regulation of lipolysis 60 31 Mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue II: triacylglycerol/fatty acid cycle 62 32 Glyceroneogenesis 64 33 Metabolism of protein to fat after feeding 66 34 Elongation and desaturation of fatty acids 68 35 Fatty acid oxidation and the carnitine shuttle 70 36 Ketone bodies 72 37 Ketone body utilization 74 38 β-Oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids 76 39 Peroxisomal β‐oxidation 78 40 α‐ and β‐oxidation 80 41 ω-Oxidation 82 Part 4 Steroid metabolism 42 Cholesterol 84 43 Steroid hormones and bile salts 86 Part 5 Amino acid metabolism 44 Biosynthesis of the non‐essential amino acids 88 45 Catabolism of amino acids I 90 46 Catabolism of Amino Acids II 92 47 Metabolism of amino acids to glucose in starvation and during the period immediately after refeeding 94 48 Disorders of amino acid metabolism 96 49 Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism 98 50 Tryptophan metabolism: the biosynthesis of NAD + , serotonin and melatonin 100 51 Ornithine cycle for the production of urea: the ‘urea cycle’ 102 Part 6 Metabolic channelling 52 Metabolic channelling I: enzymes are organized to enable channelling of metabolic intermediates 104 53 Metabolic channelling II: fatty acid synthase 106 Part 7 Purines, pyrimidines and porphyrins 54 Amino acid metabolism, folate metabolism and the ‘1‐carbon pool’ I: purine biosynthesis 108 55 Amino acid metabolism, folate metabolism and the ‘1‐carbon pool’ II: pyrimidine biosynthesis 110 56 Krebs uric acid cycle for the disposal of nitrogenous waste 112 57 Porphyrin metabolism, haem and the bile pigments 114 Part 8 Integration of metabolic pathways and diabetes 58 Metabolic pathways in fasting liver and their disorder in Reye’s syndrome 116 59 Diabetes I: metabolic changes in diabetes 118 60 Diabetes II: types I and II diabetes, MODY and pancreatic β‐cell metabolism 120 61 Diabetes III: type 2 diabetes and dysfunctional liver metabolism 122 Index 125

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Book SynopsisThe long awaited update to this classic text, McDonald''s Veterinary Endocrinology and Reproduction provides students of veterinary medicine and animal science a concise and practical textbook specifically for endocrinology and reproduction in domestic animals. The text brings together material only previously available as scattered resources. This fifth edition is completely reworked and updated, from chapter text to artwork. Topics include domestic species, llamas, and South American camelids with all aspects of reproductive anatomy and physiology incorporated.Table of Contents1. Introduction. 2. The Pituitary Gland. 3. The Thyroid Gland. 4. The Calcium Regulating Hormones: Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin, and Cholecalciferol. 5. The Endorcrine Pancreas. 6. The Adrenal Gland. 7. The Biology of Sex. 8. Male Reproductive System. 9. Female Reproductive System. 10. Artificial Insemination. 11. Patterns of Reproduction. 12. Reproductive Patterns of Cattle. 13. Reproductive Patterns of Horses. 14. Reproductive Patterns of Sheep and Goats. 15. Reproductive Patterns of Swine. 16. Reproductive Patterns of Dogs. 17. Reproductive Patterns of Cats. 18. Reproductive Patterns of Alpaca and Llamas, with Reference to the Vicuna and Guanaco. 19. Embryo Transfer in Domestic Animals. Index

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Book SynopsisIn Metabolic Living Harris Solomon studies obesity and diabetes in Mumbai, India, presenting a new narrative of metabolic illness in which it is less about the overconsumption of food than it is about the body's relationship to its environment and the substances it absorbs. Trade Review"Metabolic Living is an important contribution to contemporary medical anthropology, especially in regards to the study of disease chronicity and to contemporary South Asian studies. In addition, Solomon provides a welcome challenge to the existing universalizing public health discourse on 'globesity.' Even while describing the seeming inevitability of metabolic disease in Mumbai, he uncovers the complex elements of social life that contribute to and circulate around it, and the suffering that stems from it. The focus on metabolism and absorption opens up new ways of viewing intersections between bodies and their environments, as well as new ways of thinking about urban vitality in 21st century India." -- Andrea S. Wiley * Anthropological Quarterly *"The book offers a novel way to talk about metabolic illnesses in urban space, often directly or indirectly talking back to medical and public health discourses on food, bodies, and urban and urbanizing spaces.... The poetic humanity of metabolic precariousness in India is visible in every page of this rich ethnographic narrative, making it a valuable contribution to literatures in medical anthropology, science studies, area studies, food studies, and public health policy." -- Nayantara Sheoran Appleton * Medical Anthropology Quarterly *“A wonderfully evocative ethnography, Solomon’s book makes one reflect on the very nature of metabolic syndrome.... Through this book, Solomon ... challeng[es] medical experts to consider a multi-layered approach to solving the issues of obesity and diabetes that plague contemporary India." -- Gauri Anilkumar Pitale * FoodAnthropology *"Pointing out that food is never just food—that it incorporates joyous and toxic social lives and historical traces—the book effectively shifts the conversation about metabolism away from junk food or obese bodies and towards absorptive and thoroughly social processes. Metabolic Living provides health-care professionals valuable insight into how people are living with metabolic illness." -- Emily Yates-Doerr * The Lancet *"In the sophistication of its crafting, Metabolic Living achieves its tricky aspiration to understand metabolism both as a tool for ethnographic observation and as a site of anthropological analysis. Indeed, it is this blurring of instrument and object, the ethnographer and the ethnographic, that gives Metabolic Living its persuasive force." -- Dwaipayan Banerjee * American Anthropologist *"This study is an excellent observation of current anxieties over prosperity diseases in urban India, locating the connections between food, bodies, and environments. While Solomon’s ethnographical accounts revolve around different sets of frameworks and narrations of common people, patients, nutritionists and experts, he cautiously avoided stigmatic fears and pain and presented metabolic suffering throughout within a cultural context." -- Santhosh Abraham * South Asia Research *"Solomon takes us through domestic kitchens and social service centers, slaughterhouses and food processing plants, streets and street-side food stalls, and waiting rooms and hospitals to provide nuanced and insightful descriptions of life in Mumbai." -- GauriI Pathak * Journal of Anthropological Research *"Metabolic Living is the first ethnographic monograph on the diabetes epidemic in South Asia, and this alone marks it as an important contribution to the study of health and illness in the subcontinent. It also provides an evocative and complex picture of being a person with a metabolic illness in Mumbai." -- Lesley Jo Weaver * Journal of Asian Studies *"Metabolic Living is a rich, ambitious book whose theoretical and ethnographic model builds bridges across chapters with disparate topics and actors. . . . For readers curious about how to research and write the complexities of embodiment – and are open to experimenting with how to get there – Metabolic Living is a productive and exhilarating read." -- Stephanie Maroney * Senses and Society *"Solomon’s book is compelling, palpable in fact, in its stories about the invisible and ineluctable ways that medicines or contaminants enter foods and bodies. The ethnography brings the reader into environments that are dangerous and mundane, pleasurable, and unalterable. Metabolic Living brings into focus the ways that people navigate these dynamic alchemies." -- Jessica Hardin * Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Introduction 1Interlude. Birthday Cakes 27 1. The Thin-Fat Indian 31Interlude. Mango Madness 65 2. The Taste No Chef Can Give 69Interlude. The Ration Card 99 3. Readying the Home 105Interlude. Stamps 141 4. Lines of Therapy 145Interlude. Waiting Room Walls 187 5. Gut Attachments 193 Conclusion. Metabolic Mumbai 225 Notes 235 Bibliography 253 Index 271

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Book SynopsisIn Metabolic Living Harris Solomon studies obesity and diabetes in Mumbai, India, presenting a new narrative of metabolic illness in which it is less about the overconsumption of food than it is about the body's relationship to its environment and the substances it absorbs. Trade Review"Metabolic Living is an important contribution to contemporary medical anthropology, especially in regards to the study of disease chronicity and to contemporary South Asian studies. In addition, Solomon provides a welcome challenge to the existing universalizing public health discourse on 'globesity.' Even while describing the seeming inevitability of metabolic disease in Mumbai, he uncovers the complex elements of social life that contribute to and circulate around it, and the suffering that stems from it. The focus on metabolism and absorption opens up new ways of viewing intersections between bodies and their environments, as well as new ways of thinking about urban vitality in 21st century India." -- Andrea S. Wiley * Anthropological Quarterly *"The book offers a novel way to talk about metabolic illnesses in urban space, often directly or indirectly talking back to medical and public health discourses on food, bodies, and urban and urbanizing spaces.... The poetic humanity of metabolic precariousness in India is visible in every page of this rich ethnographic narrative, making it a valuable contribution to literatures in medical anthropology, science studies, area studies, food studies, and public health policy." -- Nayantara Sheoran Appleton * Medical Anthropology Quarterly *“A wonderfully evocative ethnography, Solomon’s book makes one reflect on the very nature of metabolic syndrome.... Through this book, Solomon ... challeng[es] medical experts to consider a multi-layered approach to solving the issues of obesity and diabetes that plague contemporary India." -- Gauri Anilkumar Pitale * FoodAnthropology *"Pointing out that food is never just food—that it incorporates joyous and toxic social lives and historical traces—the book effectively shifts the conversation about metabolism away from junk food or obese bodies and towards absorptive and thoroughly social processes. Metabolic Living provides health-care professionals valuable insight into how people are living with metabolic illness." -- Emily Yates-Doerr * The Lancet *"In the sophistication of its crafting, Metabolic Living achieves its tricky aspiration to understand metabolism both as a tool for ethnographic observation and as a site of anthropological analysis. Indeed, it is this blurring of instrument and object, the ethnographer and the ethnographic, that gives Metabolic Living its persuasive force." -- Dwaipayan Banerjee * American Anthropologist *"This study is an excellent observation of current anxieties over prosperity diseases in urban India, locating the connections between food, bodies, and environments. While Solomon’s ethnographical accounts revolve around different sets of frameworks and narrations of common people, patients, nutritionists and experts, he cautiously avoided stigmatic fears and pain and presented metabolic suffering throughout within a cultural context." -- Santhosh Abraham * South Asia Research *"Solomon takes us through domestic kitchens and social service centers, slaughterhouses and food processing plants, streets and street-side food stalls, and waiting rooms and hospitals to provide nuanced and insightful descriptions of life in Mumbai." -- GauriI Pathak * Journal of Anthropological Research *"Metabolic Living is the first ethnographic monograph on the diabetes epidemic in South Asia, and this alone marks it as an important contribution to the study of health and illness in the subcontinent. It also provides an evocative and complex picture of being a person with a metabolic illness in Mumbai." -- Lesley Jo Weaver * Journal of Asian Studies *"Metabolic Living is a rich, ambitious book whose theoretical and ethnographic model builds bridges across chapters with disparate topics and actors. . . . For readers curious about how to research and write the complexities of embodiment – and are open to experimenting with how to get there – Metabolic Living is a productive and exhilarating read." -- Stephanie Maroney * Senses and Society *"Solomon’s book is compelling, palpable in fact, in its stories about the invisible and ineluctable ways that medicines or contaminants enter foods and bodies. The ethnography brings the reader into environments that are dangerous and mundane, pleasurable, and unalterable. Metabolic Living brings into focus the ways that people navigate these dynamic alchemies." -- Jessica Hardin * Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Introduction 1Interlude. Birthday Cakes 27 1. The Thin-Fat Indian 31Interlude. Mango Madness 65 2. The Taste No Chef Can Give 69Interlude. The Ration Card 99 3. Readying the Home 105Interlude. Stamps 141 4. Lines of Therapy 145Interlude. Waiting Room Walls 187 5. Gut Attachments 193 Conclusion. Metabolic Mumbai 225 Notes 235 Bibliography 253 Index 271

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Book SynopsisChildhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and continues to increase in prevalence in almost all countries in which it has been studied, including developed and developing countries around the globe. The causes of obesity are complex and multi-factorial. Childhood obesity becomes a life-long problem in most cases and is associated with long term chronic disease risk for a variety of diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as psychosocial as issues and obesity seems to affect almost every organ system in the body. In recent years there has been tremendous progress in the understanding of this problem and in strategies for prevention and treatment in the pediatric years. Childhood Obesity: Causes, Consequences, and Intervention Approaches presents current reviews on the complex problem of obesity from the multi-level causes throughout early life before adTrade ReviewGoran presents readers with a collection of academic and research perspectives on the causes and consequences of childhood obesity as well as various intervention approaches. Table of ContentsContributing Factors. Assessment. Environment. Nutrition. Host Factors. Interventions/Treatment. Consequences. Public Health and Policy Based Interventions.

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Book SynopsisThe Hunt for the Parathyroid Gland is a part fact, part fiction overview of the discovery of the parathyroid gland by a Swedish scientist in 1880. The discovery of the parathyroid gland in humans in 1880 by an unknown Swedish medical student, Ivar Viktor Sandström, ended a 30 year search for its exact location within the human body, following its discovery in an Indian rhino 30 years before. It is one of the most engaging and remarkable stories in the history of medicine. This book offers a fascinating insight into its discovery. Endocrinologists and ENT health professionals, both in clinical practice and researchers, as well as anyone with an interest in the history of medicine, will find this a fascinating insight into one of the 19th century's key medical discoveries.Table of ContentsForeword 4 Introduction 7 1. Sandström's Discovery 11 2. Unexpected Problems 26 3. The Age of Glorious Discoveries 38 4. A Gland in Search of a Function 44 5. The Calcium Connection 51 6. Hormones and Organotherapy 64 7. The Priority Dispute 71 8. Immortal Patients 85 9. A Disease in Disguise 98 10. The Elusive Hormone 109 11. The Language of God 121 12. The Pharmacological Paradox 130 References and Notes 138

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Book SynopsisHyaluronic acid is an essential part of connective, epithelial and neural tissues, and contributes to cell proliferation and migration. It is used as a stimulating agent for collagen synthesis and is a common ingredient in skin-care products, a multi-billion dollar industry, as it is believed to be a key factor in fighting the aging process. Hyaluronic Acid: Production, Properties, Application in Biology and Medicine consists of six chapters discussing the various issues of hyaluronic acid research. In Chapter 1, a historical analysis recounts the discovery and milestones of the research leading to the practical applications of hyaluronan. Chapter 2 is dedicated to biological role of the hyaluronic acid in nature, in particular in the human body. The chapter starts from the phylogenesis of hyaluronic acid, then describes hyaluronan functions in human ontogenesis and especially the role which hyaluronan plays in extracellular matrix of the different tissues. Chapter 3 dTable of ContentsForeword xi Introduction xiii 1 The History of Hyaluronic Acid Discovery, Foundational Research and Initial Use 1 1.1 Discovery 1 1.2 Foundational Research 2 1.3 Initial Medical Applications 3 1.4 Sources of Hyaluronan 4 1.5 Current Medical Study and Use 6 1.6 Impact and Future Directions 7 References 7 2 The Biological Role of Hyaluronic Acid 9 2.1 Hyaluronic Acid Phylogenesis 9 2.1.1 Polysaccharide Structure and the Problems of Phylogenesis 13 2.1.2 Physico-Chemical and Functional Differences of Polysaccharides 18 2.1.3 Biochemical Features of Hyaluronic Acid and Other Glycosaminoglycans 20 2.2 Functions of Hyaluronan in Human Ontogenesis 22 2.2.1 Role of Hyaluronic Acid in Fertilization 22 2.2.2 Hyaluronan and Other Glucosaminoglycans in Cell Division, Migration and Differentiation 25 2.2.3 Hyaluronic Acid and Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans in Maintaining a Differentiated Status of Cells 33 2.2.4 Hyaluronan and Induction of Cellular Cycles for Differentiated Cells 35 2.2.5 The Source of Hyaluronic Acid’s Functional Properties and the Dynamics of its Synthesis and Degradation 44 2.2.6 The Rules of Biopolymer Functional Cleavage 52 2.3 Hyaluronan Signalling Systems 53 2.4 Hyaluronan Functions in the Extracellular Matrix 59 2.4.1 Extracellular Space 60 2.4.2 Composition and Functioning of the Extracellular Matrix 60 2.4.3 The Role of Hyaluronan in Transportation of Substances through the Extracellular Matrix: Diffusion, Osmosis, Electro-Osmosis and Vesicular Transportation 63 2.4.4 Hyaluronan in the Extracellular Matrix of Different Connective Tissues 65 References 67 3 Methods of Hyaluronic Acid Production 77 3.1 Hyaluronan Sources and Extraction 77 3.1.1 Hyaluronan Production from Animal Sources: General Methods 77 3.1.2 Hyaluronan Purification 78 3.1.3 The Chemical Production of Hyaluronan from Chicken Combs 81 3.1.4 HA Production for Ophthalmology 82 3.2 Bacterial Methods of Hyaluronic Acid Production 84 3.3 Hyaluronan Destruction during Production, Storage and Sterilization 85 3.4 Enzymatic Destruction of Hyaluronan 86 3.4.1 Hyaluronidase Classification 86 3.4.2 Properties and Functions of Hyaluronidases 87 3.5 Non-Enzymatic Destruction of Hyaluronan 88 3.5.1 Acid-Base Hydrolysis of Hyaluronan 88 3.5.2 Oxidation-Reduction Depolymerization of Hyaluronan 88 3.6 Quality of Hyaluronan Commercial Products of Animal and Bacterial Origin 89 References 92 4 Molecular and Supramolecular Structure of Hyaluronic Acid 97 4.1 Primary Structure of Hyaluronic Acid 97 4.2 Structure of Hyaluronan in Solution 101 4.3 Rheological Properties of Hyaluronic Acid 104 References 116 5 Chemical Modifications, Solid Phase, Radio-Chemical and Enzymatic Transformations of Hyaluronic Acid 121 5.1 Main Characteristics of Cross-Linked Hydrogels 122 5.2 Methods of Hyaluronic Acid Cross-Linking 124 5.2.1 Cross-Linking with Carbodiimides 124 5.2.2 Cross-Linking with Aldehydes 126 5.2.3 Cross-Linking with Divinylsulfone 126 5.2.4 Cross-Linking by the Ions of Polyvalent Metals 127 5.2.5 Cross-Linking with Epoxides 127 5.2.6 Photo-Cross-Linking 128 5.2.7 Solid-State Cross-Linking under High Pressure and Shear Deformation (Solid-State Reactive Blending: SSRB) 130 5.3 Radiochemical Transformations (Radiolysis) of Hyaluronan Aqueous Solutions 134 References 137 6 Medical Applications of Hyaluronan 143 6.1 Hyaluronan and Aesthetic Medicine 143 6.1.1 Intradermal Hyaluronan-Based Microimplants 143 6.1.2 Cross-Linking of Hyaluronan into a Three-Dimensional Network 144 6.1.3 Hyaluronic Acid in Injection Cosmetology (Biorevitalization) 150 6.1.4 Molecular Weight of Hyaluronan in Biorevitalization Products 151 6.1.5 Antioxidant Efficiency of Hyaluronan and other Biologically Active Compounds as Potential Products for Aesthetic Medicine 154 6.1.6 Bio-Repairants as a New Class of Injectable Products Based on Hyaluronic Acid Modified with Low Molecular Weight Bio-Regulators 161 6.2 Hyaluronan in Arthrology 170 6.3 Hyaluronan in Ophthalmology 176 6.4 Hyaluronan in Oncology 176 6.5 The Role of Hyaluronan in Healing Wounds 183 6.6 Hyaluronan in Immunology 186 References 186 Conclusion 193 Index 195

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Book SynopsisThe authoritative reference to bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism, revised and updated Now in its ninth edition,The Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolismoffers anupdated and comprehensive guide tobone and mineral health. Since it was first published 30 years ago, the Primer has become the leading reference on the topic. With contributions from noted experts, the text explores basic biological factors of healthy development and disease states and makes the information accessible for clinical interventions. The ninth edition provides concise coverage of the widest possible spectrum of metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. The new edition of this invaluable reference expands coverage and includes the most recent developments in the field that help to strengthen its usefulness and ensure that thePrimer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolismmaintains its place as the pre-eminent referencTable of ContentsContributors xi Preface to the Ninth Edition of the Primer:John P. Bilezikian xxiv About ASBMR xxv President’s Preface Michael J. Econs xxvi About the Companion Website xxvii Section I Molecular and Cellular Determinants of Bone Structure and Function 1Section Editor Karen Lyons 1 Early Skeletal Morphogenesis in Embryonic Development 3Yingzi Yang 2 Endochondral Ossification 12Courtney M. Karner and Matthew J. Hilton 3 Local and Circulating Osteoprogenitor Cells and Lineages 20Naomi Dirckx and Christa Maes 4 Osteoblasts Function, Development, and Regulation 31Elizabeth W. Bradley, Jennifer J. Westendorf, Andre J. van Wijnen, and Amel Dudakovic 5 Osteocytes 38Lynda F. Bonewald 6 Osteoclast Biology and Bone Resorption 46Hiroshi Takayanagi 7 Signal Transduction Cascades Controlling Osteoblast Differentiation 54David J.J. de Gorter, Gonzalo Sánchez‐Duffhues, and Peter ten Dijke 8 The TGF‐β Superfamily in Bone Formation and Maintenance 60Ce Shi and Yuji Mishina 9 Recent Developments in Understanding the Role of Wnt Signaling in Skeletal Development and Disease 68Zhendong A. Zhong, Nicole J. Ethen, and Bart O. Williams 10 Mechanotransduction in Bone Formation and Maintenance 75Whitney A. Bullock, Lilian I. Plotkin, Alexander G. Robling, and Fredrick M. Pavalko 11 The Composition of Bone 84Adele L. Boskey and Pamela G. Robey 12 Assessment of Bone Mass, Structure, and Quality in Rodents 93Jeffry S. Nyman and Deepak Vashishth 13 Skeletal Healing Cellular and Molecular Determinants 101Alayna E. Loiselle and Michael J. Zuscik 14 Biomechanics of Fracture Healing 108Elise F. Morgan, Amira I. Hussein, and Thomas A. Einhorn Section II Skeletal Physiology 115Section Editor Ego Seeman 15 Human Fetal and Neonatal Bone Development 117Tao Yang, Monica Grover, Kyu Sang Joeng, and Brendan Lee 16 Skeletal Growth a Major Determinant of Bone’s Structural Diversity in Women and Men 123Ego Seeman 17 Racial Differences in the Acquisition and Age‐related Loss of Bone Strength 131Shane A. Norris, Marcella D. Walker, Kate Ward, Lisa K. Micklesfield, and John M. Pettifor 18 Calcium, Vitamin D, and Other Nutrients During Growth 135Tania Winzenberg and Graeme Jones 19 Mechanical Loading and the Developing Skeleton 141Mark R. Forwood 20 Pregnancy and Lactation 147Christopher S. Kovacs and Henry M. Kronenberg 21 Menopause and Age‐related Bone Loss 155Carlos M. Isales and Ego Seeman Section III Mineral Homeostasis 163Section Editors David Goltzman and Harald Jüppner 22 Regulation of Calcium Homeostasis 165Line Vautour and David Goltzman 23 Magnesium Homeostasis 173Aliya Aziz Khan, Asiya Sbayi, and Karl Peter Schlingmann 24 Fetal Calcium Metabolism 179Christopher S. Kovacs 25 FGF23 and the Regulation of Phosphorus Metabolism 187Kenneth E. White and Michael J. Econs 26 Gonadal Steroids 194Stavros C. Manolagas and Maria Schuller Almeida 27 Parathyroid Hormone 205Thomas J. Gardella, Robert A. Nissenson, and Harald Jüppner 28 Parathyroid Hormone‐Related Protein 212John J. Wysolmerski and T. John Martin 29 Calcium‐Sensing Receptor 221Geoffrey N. Hendy 30 Vitamin D Production, Metabolism, Action, and Clinical Requirements 230Daniel D. Bikle, John S. Adams, and Sylvia Christakos Section IV Investigation of Metabolic Bone Diseases 241Section Editors Douglas C. Bauer and Klaus Engelke 31 Techniques of Bone Mass Measurement in Children with Risk Factors for Osteoporosis 243Nicola J. Crabtree and Leanne M. Ward 32 Standard Techniques of Bone Mass Measurement in Adults 252E. Michael Lewiecki, Paul D. Miller, and Nelson B. Watts 33 Advanced Techniques of Bone Mass Measurements and Strength in Adults 260Kyle K. Nishiyama, Enrico Dall’Ara, and Klaus Engelke 34 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bone 272Sharmila Majumdar 35 Trabecular Bone Score 277Barbara C. Silva and William D. Leslie 36 Reference Point Indentation 287Adolfo Diez‐Perez and Joshua N. Farr 37 Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Osteoporosis 293Pawel Szulc, Douglas C. Bauer, and Richard Eastell 38 Scintigraphy and PET in Metabolic Bone Disease 302Lorenzo Nardo, Paola A. Erba, and Benjamin L. Franc 39 Bone Histomorphometry in Clinical Practice 310Robert R. Recker and Carolina Aguiar Moreira 40 Diagnosis and Classification of Vertebral Fracture 319James F. Griffith and Harry K. Genant 41 FRAX Assessment of Fracture Risk 331John A. Kanis, Eugene V. McCloskey, Nicholas C. Harvey, and William D. Leslie Section V Genetics of Bone 341Section Editor Rajesh V. Thakker 42 Introduction to Genetics 343Paul J. Newey, Michael P. Whyte, and Rajesh V. Thakker 43 Animal Models Genetic Manipulation 351Karen Lyons 44 Animal Models Allelic Determinants for Bone Mineral Density 359J. H. Duncan Bassett, Graham R. Williams, and Robert D. Blank 45 Transcriptional Profiling for Genetic Assessment 367Aimy Sebastian and Gabriela G. Loots 46 Approaches to Genetic Testing 373Christina Jacobsen, Yiping Shen, and Ingrid A. Holm 47 Human Genome‐Wide Association Studies 378Douglas P. Kiel, Emma L. Duncan, and Fernando Rivadeneira 48 Translational Genetics of Osteoporosis From Population Association to Individualized Assessment 385Bich Tran, Jacqueline R. Center, and Tuan V. Nguyen Section VI Osteoporosis 393Section Editors Paul D. Miller, Socrates E. Papapoulos, and Michael R. McClung 49 Osteoporosis an Overview 395Michael R. McClung, Paul D. Miller, and Socrates E. Papapoulos 50 The Epidemiology of Osteoporotic Fractures 398Nicholas C. Harvey, Elizabeth M. Curtis, Elaine M. Dennison, and Cyrus Cooper 51 Fracture Liaison Service 405Piet Geusens, John A. Eisman, Andrea Singer, and Joop van den Bergh 52 Sex Steroids and the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis 412Matthew T. Drake and Sundeep Khosla 53 Juvenile Osteoporosis 419Francis H. Glorieux and Craig Munns 54 Transplantation Osteoporosis 424Peter R. Ebeling 55 Premenopausal Osteoporosis 436Adi Cohen and Elizabeth Shane 56 Osteoporosis in Men 443Eric S. Orwoll and Robert A. Adler 57 Bone Stress Injuries 450Stuart J. Warden and David B. Burr 58 Inflammation‐Induced Bone Loss in the Rheumatic Diseases 459 Ellen M. Gravallese and Steven R. Goldring 59 Glucocorticoid‐Induced Osteoporosis 467Kenneth Saag and Robert A. Adler 60 Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Bone 474Michael T. Yin and Todd T. Brown 61 Effects on the Skeleton from Medications Used to Treat Nonskeletal Disorders 482Nelson B. Watts 62 Diabetes and Fracture Risk 487Serge Ferrari, Nicola Napoli, and Ann Schwartz 63 Obesity and Skeletal Health 492Juliet Compston 64 Sarcopenia and Osteoporosis 498Gustavo Duque and Neil Binkley 65 Management of Osteoporosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease 505Paul D. Miller 66 Other Secondary Causes of Osteoporosis 510Neveen A. T. Hamdy and Natasha M. Appelman‐Dijkstra 67 Exercise for Osteoporotic Fracture Prevention and Management 517Robin M. Daly and Lora Giangregorio 68 Prevention of Falls 526Heike A. Bischoff‐Ferrari 69 Nutritional Support for Osteoporosis 534Connie M. Weaver, Bess Dawson‐Hughes, Rene Rizzoli, and Robert P. Heaney 70 Estrogens, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, and Tissue‐Selective Estrogen Complex 541Tobias J. de Villiers 71 Bisphosphonates for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis 545Andrea Giusti and Socrates E. Papapoulos 72 Denosumab 553Aline Granja Costa, E. Michael Lewiecki, and John P. Bilezikian 73 Parathyroid Hormone and Abaloparatide Treatment for Osteoporosis 559Felicia Cosman and Susan L. Greenspan 74 Combination Anabolic and Antiresorptive Therapy for Osteoporosis 567Joy N. Tsai and Benjamin Z. Leder 75 Strontium Ranelate and Calcitonin 573Leonardo Bandeira and E. Michael Lewiecki 76 Adverse Effects of Drugs for Osteoporosis 579Bo Abrahamsen and Daniel Prieto‐Alhambra 77 Orthopedic Principles of Fracture Management 588Manoj Ramachandran and David G. Little 78 Adherence to Osteoporosis Therapies 593Stuart L. Silverman and Deborah T. Gold 79 Cost‐Effectiveness of Osteoporosis Treatment 597Anna N.A. Tosteson 80 Future Therapies 603Michael R. McClung Section VII Metabolic Bone Diseases 611Section Editors Suzanne M. Jan de Beur and Peter R. Ebeling 81 Approach to Parathyroid Disorders 613John P. Bilezikian 82 Primary Hyperparathyroidism 619Shonni J. Silverberg, Francisco Bandeira, Jianmin Liu, Claudio Marcocci, and Marcella D. Walker 83 Familial States of Primary Hyperparathyroidism 629Andrew Arnold, Sunita K. Agarwal, and Rajesh V. Thakker 84 Non‐Parathyroid Hypercalcemia 639Mara J. Horwitz 85 Hypocalcemia Definition, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management 646Anne L. Schafer and Dolores M. Shoback 86 Hypoparathyroidism 654Tamara Vokes, Mishaela R. Rubin, Karen K. Winer, Michael Mannstadt, Natalie E. Cusano, Harald Jüppner, and John P. Bilezikian 87 Pseudohypoparathyroidism 661Agnès Linglart, Michael A. Levine, and Harald Jüppner 88 Disorders of Phosphate Homeostasis 674Mary D. Ruppe and Suzanne M. Jan de Beur 89 Rickets and Osteomalacia 684Michaël R. Laurent, Nathalie Bravenboer, Natasja M. Van Schoor, Roger Bouillon, John M. Pettifor, and Paul Lips 90 Pathophysiology and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease–Mineral and Bone Disorder 695Mark R. Hanudel, Sharon M. Moe, and Isidro B. Salusky 91 Disorders of Mineral Metabolism in Childhood 705Thomas O. Carpenter and Nina S. Ma 92 Paget Disease of Bone 713Julia F. Charles, Ethel S. Siris, and G. David Roodman 93 Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Nephrolithiasis 721Murray J. Favus and David A. Bushinsky 94 Immobilization and Burns Other Conditions Associated with Osteoporosis 730William A. Bauman, Christopher Cardozo, and Gordon L. Klein Section VIII Cancer and Bone 737Section Editors Theresa Guise and G. David Roodman 95 Mechanisms of Osteolytic and Osteoblastic Skeletal Lesions 739G. David Roodman and Theresa Guise 96 Clinical and Preclinical Imaging in Osseous Metastatic Disease 743Siyang Leng and Suzanne Lentzsch 97 Metastatic Tumors and Bone 752Julie A. Sterling and Rachelle W. Johnson 98 Myeloma Bone Disease and Other Hematological Malignancies 760Claire M. Edwards and Rebecca Silbermann 99 Osteogenic Osteosarcoma 768Yangjin Bae, Huan‐Chang Zeng, Linchao Lu, Lisa L. Wang, and Brendan Lee 100 Skeletal Complications of Breast and Prostate Cancer Therapies 775Catherine Van Poznak and Pamela Taxel 101 Bone Cancer and Pain 781Denis Clohisy and Lauren M. MacCormick 102 Radiotherapy‐Induced Osteoporosis 788Laura E. Wright 103 Skeletal Complications of Childhood Cancer 793Manasa Mantravadi and Linda A. DiMeglio 104 Medical Prevention and Treatment of Bone Metastases 799Catherine Handforth, Stella D’Oronzo, and Janet Brown 105 Radiotherapy of Skeletal Metastases 809Srinivas Raman, K. Liang Zeng, Oliver Sartor, Edward Chow, and Øyvind S. Bruland 106 Concepts and Surgical Treatment of Metastatic Bone Disease 816Kristy Weber and Scott L. Kominsky Section IX Sclerosing and Dysplastic Bone Diseases 823Section Editor Michael P. Whyte 107 Sclerosing Bone Disorders 825Michael P. Whyte 108 Fibrous Dysplasia 839Michael T. Collins, Alison M. Boyce, and Mara Riminucci 109 The Osteochondrodysplasias 848Fabiana Csukasi and Deborah Krakow 110 Ischemic and Infiltrative Disorders of Bone 853Michael P. Whyte 111 Tumoral Calcinosis – Dermatomyositis 861Nicholas J. Shaw 112 Genetic Disorders of Heterotopic Ossification: Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva and Progressive OsseousHeteroplasia 865Frederick S. Kaplan, Robert J. Pignolo, Mona Al Mukaddam, and Eileen M. Shore 113 Osteogenesis Imperfecta 871Joan C. Marini 114 Fibrillinopathies Skeletal Manifestations of Marfan Syndrome and Marfan‐Related Conditions 878Gary S. Gottesman and Michael P. Whyte 115 Hypophosphatasia and Other Enzyme Deficiencies Affecting the Skeleton 886Michael P. Whyte Section X Oral and Maxillofacial Biology and Pathology 891Section Editor Laurie McCauley 116 Craniofacial Morphogenesis 893Erin Ealba Bumann and Vesa Kaartinen 117 Development and Structure of Teeth and Periodontal Teeth 901Petros Papagerakis and Thimios Mitsiadis 118 Genetic Craniofacial Disorders Affecting the Dentition 911Yong‐Hee Patricia Chun, Paul H. Krebsbach, and James P. Simmer 119 Pathology of the Hard Tissues of the Jaws 918Paul C. Edwards 120 Osteonecrosis of the Jaw 927Sotirios Tetradis, Laurie McCauley, and Tara Aghaloo 121 Alveolar Bone Homeostasis in Health and Disease 933Chad M. Novince and Keith L. Kirkwood 122 Oral Manifestations of Metabolic Bone Diseases 941Erica L. Scheller, Charles Hildebolt, and Roberto Civitelli 123 Dental Implants and Osseous Healing in the Oral Cavity 949Takashi Matsuura and Junro Yamashita Section XI Integrative Physiology of the Skeleton 957Section Editors Mone Zaidi and Clifford J. Rosen 124 Integrative Physiology of the Skeleton 959Clifford J. Rosen and Mone Zaidi 125 The Hematopoietic Niche and Bone 966Stavroula Kousteni, Benjamin J. Frisch, Marta Galan‐Diez, and Laura M. Calvi 126 Adipocytes and Bone 974Clarissa S. Craft, Natalie K. Wee, and Erica L. Scheller 127 The Vasculature and Bone 983Marie Hélène Lafage‐Proust and Bernard Roche 128 Immunobiology and Bone 992Roberto Pacifici and M. Neale Weitzmann 129 Cellular Bioenergetics of Bone 1004Wen‐Chih Lee and Fanxin Long 130 Endocrine Bioenergetics of Bone 1012Patricia F. Ducy and Gerard Karsenty 131 Central Neuronal Control of Bone Remodeling 1020Hiroki Ochi, Paul Baldock, and Shu Takeda 132 Peripheral Neuronal Control of Bone Remodeling 1028Katherine J. Motyl and Mary F. Barbe 133 The Pituitary–Bone Axis in Health and Disease 1037Mone Zaidi, Tony Yuen, Wahid Abu‐Amer, Peng Liu, Terry F. Davies, Maria I. New, Harry C. Blair, Alberta Zallone, Clifford J. Rosen, and Li Sun 134 Neuropsychiatric Disorders and the Skeleton 1047Madhusmita Misra and Anne Klibanski 135 Interactions Between Muscle and Bone 1055Marco Brotto Index 1063

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Book SynopsisThe Essential Guide to Recognizing and Treating Acute Endocrine and Metabolic Illness Endocrinology covers some of the most common conditions and serious public health challenges facing medicine today, and endocrine and metabolic emergencies constitute a large proportion of the clinical workload. Endocrine and Metabolic Medical Emergencies: A Clinician's Guide provides a singular reference to help endocrinologists, acute and general medicine clinicians, hospitalists and critical care physicians, and general practitioners recognize the symptoms of endocrine emergencies and provide the highest standards of care. Already the definitive and most comprehensive guide to endocrine emergency care, this new second edition: provides acute care guidance for a range of both common and unusual endocrine emergencies; details the effects of acute medical and critical illness on metabolic and endocrine systems, and their impacts on endocrine investigations; discusses special paTable of ContentsNotes on Contributors x Foreword xv Preface xvi List of Abbreviations xviii Part I General Aspects of AcuteMedical Emergencies 1 Introduction: AcuteMedical Care: A Crisis with Solutions 3GlennMatfin 1 Early Management of AcuteMedical Emergencies 10Paul J. Frost and Matt P.Wise Part II General Endocrine and Metabolic Aspects of Acute and Critical Illness 21 Introduction: Endocrine Testing and Responses in Acute and Critical Illness 23David B. Sacks 2 Endocrine Testing in Acute and Critical Illness 28Reza Morovat 3 Endocrine Responses to Critical Illness: Novel Insights and Therapeutic Implications 60Jan Gunst, Eva Boonen, and Greet Van den Berghe Part III Special Populations 83 4 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Pregnancy 85Anita Banerjee and CatherineWilliamson 5 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Inherited Metabolic Diseases: Acute Presentations in Adulthood 98Elaine Murphy and Robin H. Lachmann 6 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Transitional Care 110Mabel Yau andMark A. Sperling 7Emergency Perioperative Diabetes and Endocrine Management 129Glenn Matfin, Kate Evans, and Ketan Dhatariya 8 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in HIV/AIDS 151Katherine Samaras 9 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Late-Effects Patients: Consequences of Cancer Therapy 160Helena Gleeson and Andrew Toogood 10 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Transplantation 171Robert A. Wermers and Pankaj Shah 11 Endocrine and Metabolic Changes with Aging: Endocrin-Aging: Recognizing and Managing Care in Older Frail Persons 182Angela M. Abbatecola and John E.Morley Part IV Pituitary Disorders 195 Introduction: Emergency Management of Pituitary Disorders 197Edward R. Laws and Ursula B. Kaiser 12 Hypopituitarism 203Nicholas A. Tritos and Anne Klibanski 13 Pituitary Apoplexy 218Claire Briet and Philippe Chanson 14 Macroprolactinomas 231Mark E. Molitch Part V Thyroid Disorders 243 Introduction: Emergency Management of Thyroid Disorders 245Hossein Gharib 15 Myxedema Coma 252Natasha Kasid and James V. Hennessey 16 Life-Threatening Thyrotoxicosis: Thyroid Storm and Adverse Effects of Antithyroid Drugs 262Alicia L.Warnock, David S. Cooper, and Henry B. Burch 17 Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis 284Fausto Bogazzi, Luca Tomisti, Luigi Bartalena, and Enio Martino 18 Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis 296Mark Vanderpump 19 Sight-Threatening Graves’Orbitopathy 305Rebecca S. Bahn and James A. Garrity Part VI Adrenal Disorders 313 Introduction: Emergency Management of Adrenal Disorders 315Anand Vaidya 20 Acute Adrenal Insufficiency 321Glenn Matfin 21 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Florid Cushing’s Syndrome 345Krystallenia I. Alexandraki and Ashley B. Grossman 22 Endocrine Hypertensive Emergencies 355Graeme Eisenhofer, Andrzej Januszewicz, Christina Pamporaki, and Jacques W. M. Lenders Part VII Calcium, Phosphate, and Metabolic Bone Diseases 375 Introduction: Emergency Management of Calcium, Phosphate, and Metabolic Bone Diseases 377John P. Bilezikian 23 Hypocalcemia 380Glenn Matfin 24 Hypercalcemia 400Glenn Matfin 25 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Phosphate Disorders 422Anda R. Gonciulea and Suzanne M. Jan de Beur 26 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Osteoporosis and Its Therapy 433Dima L. Diab and Nelson B.Watts 27 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Paget’s Disease of Bone 447Ethel S. Siris and Dorothy A. Fink 28 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Kidney Stones 454Hasan Fattah and David S. Goldfarb Part VIII Neuroendocrine Tumors 465 Introduction: Emergency Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors 467Kjell Oberg 29 Acute Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies Related to Neuroendocrine Tumors 472Gregory Kaltsas, Krystallenia I. Alexandraki, and Ashley B. Grossman Part IX Glucose Disorders 485 Introduction: Emergency Management of Glucose Disorders 487Gerry Rayman 30 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia in Non-Critical Care Hospital Settings 491Rodolfo J. Galindo and Guillermo E. Umpierrez 31 Hypoglycemia 506Elizabeth M. Lamos, Lisa M. Younk, and Stephen N. Davis 32 Severe Hyperglycemia, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State 531Ketan Dhatariya and GlennMatfin 33 Short-Term Intensive Insulin Therapy in Patients with Newly Presenting Type Diabetes 548Wen Xu, David Owens, and JianpingWeng 34 Management of Concentrated Insulins in Acute Care Settings 560Nuha El Sayed, Megan J. Ritter, and Alissa R. Segal 35 Management of Insulin Pumps in Hospitalized Patients 571Bithika M. Thompson, Patricia A. Mackey, and Curtiss B. Cook 36 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia during Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition 584Aidar R. Gosmanov and Niyaz R. Gosmanov 37 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Patients with Renal Insufficiency 598Glenn Matfin 38 Management of Glucocorticoid-Induced Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia 616Han Na Kim and NestorasMathioudakis 39 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia in Acute Coronary Syndrome, Acute Stroke, and Acute Heart Failure 632Miles Fisher 40 Acute Diabetic Foot 648Glenn Matfin Part X Sodium Disorders 673 Introduction: Emergency Management of Sodium Disorders 675Richard H. Sterns 41 Emergency Management of Acute and Chronic Hyponatremia 679Joseph G. Verbalis 42 Emergency Management of Acute and Chronic Hypernatremia 700Aoife Garrahy and Christopher Thompson Part XI Obesity and Clinical Lipidology 717 Introduction: Emergency Management Related to Obesity and Clinical Lipidology 719Robert H. Eckel 43 Acute Emergencies Related to Bariatric Surgery 723Michael A. Via and Jeffrey I. Mechanick 44 Chylomicronemia Syndrome: Very Severe Hypertriglyceridemia and Acute Pancreatitis 742Anthony S. Wierzbicki 45 Statin-Related Myopathy and Rhabdomyolysis 760Connie B. Newman and Jonathan A. Tobert Index 775

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Book SynopsisTextbook of Diabetes Classic textbook providing diabetologists and endocrinologists with illustrated and clinically focused content on diabetes Now in its sixth edition, the Textbook of Diabetes has established itself as the modern, international guide to diabetes. Sensibly organized and easy to navigate, with exceptional illustrations, the textbook hosts an unrivalled blend of clinical and scientific content. Written by highly experienced editors and international contributors all of whom have provided insight on new developments in diabetes care. These include the most recent guidelines from the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), the American Diabetes Association (ADA), Diabetes UK, and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and information on the latest treatment modalities used around the world. The textbook includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition which provides easy-to-use searching across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates. Sample topics covered in Textbook of Diabetes include: Diabetes in its historical and social context, covering the history of diabetes, past classification and diagnosis of diabetes and the global burden of diabetes Normal physiology, covering glucose homeostasis, islet function and insulin secretion, and glucagon in islet and metabolic regulation Pathogenesis of diabetes, covering genetics of diabetes and obesity, autoimmune type 1 diabetes and other disorders with type 1 diabetes phenotype Other types of diabetes, covering endocrine disorders that cause diabetes, pancreatic diseases and diabetes and drug-induced diabetes Beautifully illustrated with a clinical focus, Textbook of Diabetes provides endocrinologists and diabetologists, both consultants/specialists and those in training, with a fresh and comprehensive clinical resource to consult time and time again. The text is also of value to specialist diabetes nurses and researchers in the field.Table of ContentsList of Contributors, viii Preface, xv List of Abbreviations, xvi Part 1 Diabetes in its Historical and Social Context 1 The History of Diabetes Mellitus, 3Robert B. Tattersall and David R. Matthews 2 Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes, 22Ambady Ramachandran, Chamukuttan Snehalatha, Arun Raghavan, and Arun Nanditha 3 The Global Burden of Diabetes, 28Jessica L. Harding, Mary Beth Weber, and Jonathan E. Shaw 4 Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes, 41Lars C. Stene and Jaakko Tuomilehto 5 Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes, 55Ronald C.W. Ma and Peter C.Y. Tong Part 2 Normal Physiology 6 Overview of Glucose Metabolism, 77Richard I.G. Holt 7 Islet Function and Insulin Secretion, 84Peter M. Jones and Shanta J. Persaud 8 Glucagon in Islet and Metabolic Regulation, 99Jonathan E. Campbell and David A. D'Alessio 9 Mechanism of Insulin Action, 111Morris F. White 10 Central Control of Glucose Homeostasis, 128Kimberly M. Alonge, Kendra L. Francis, Nicole E. Richardson, and Michael W. Schwartz 11 Control of Body Weight: How and Why Do We Gain Weight Easier Than We Lose It?, 142Janine Makaronidis and Rachel L. Batterham Part 3 Pathogenesis of Diabetes 12 The Genetics of Diabetes, 157Rashmi B. Prasad 13 Genetics of Obesity, 197I. Sadaf Farooqi 14 Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes, 203Omar Akel and Ake Lernmark 15 Other Disorders with Type 1 Diabetes and Atypical Phenotypes, 216Alice P.S. Kong, Elaine Y.K. Chow, Andrea O.Y. Luk, and Juliana C.N. Chan 16 Abnormalities of Insulin Secretion and β-Cell Defects in Type 2 Diabetes, 225Stefano Del Prato, Cristina Bianchi, and Giuseppe Daniele 17 Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes, 238Michael Roden, Kitt Falk Petersen, and Gerald I. Shulman 18 Obesity and Diabetes, 250Nick Finer 19 The Microbiome and Diabetes, 261Amanda J. Cox, Nicholas P. West, and Allan W. Cripps Part 4 Other Types of Diabetes 20 Monogenic Causes of Diabetes, 275Brittany L. Resnick, Maggie H. Shepherd, and Andrew T. Hattersley 21 Drug-Induced Diabetes, 295Charles D. Ponte and Devra K. Dang 22 Diabetes in Hypersecreting Endocrine Disorders, 304Allan A. Vaag, Neil A. Hanley, and Caroline M. Kistorp 23 Pancreatic Disease and Diabetes, 319Ranjit Unnikrishnan and Viswanathan Mohan 24 Clinical Presentations of Diabetes, 330Ee Lin Lim and Roy Taylor Part 5 Managing the Person with Diabetes 25 The Aims of Diabetes Care, 343Katharine D. Barnard-Kelly and Richard I.G. Holt 26 Education to Empower the Person with Diabetes, 354Ingrid Willaing and Michael Vallis 27 Dietary Management of Diabetes, 368Nicola Guess 28 Physical Activities and Diabetes, 382Emma J. Cockcroft and Robert C. Andrews 29 Monitoring Diabetes, 404Emma English 30 Biomarkers and Precision Medicine in Diabetes, 414Sok Cin Tye, Michele Provenzano, and Hiddo J.L. Heerspink Part 6 Treatment of Diabetes 31 Insulin and Insulin Treatment, 431Roman Vangoitsenhoven, Parth Narendran, and Chantal Mathieu 32 New Technologies for Glucose Monitoring, 444Thomas Danne and Olga Kordonouri 33 New Technologies for Insulin Administration, 459Hannah Forde and Pratik Choudhary 34 Whole Pancreas and Islet Cell Transplantation, 473Braulio A. Marfil-Garza, Peter A. Senior, and A.M. James Shapiro 35 Oral Glucose-Lowering Agents, 492Clifford J. Bailey and Andrew J. Krentz 36 Non-insulin Parenteral Therapies, 520Tina Vilsboll, Mikkel Christensen, Andreas Andersen, and Filip K. Knop 37 How to Use Type 2 Diabetes Treatments in Clinical Practice, 534Thomas Karagiannis, Aris Liakos, and Apostolos Tsapas 38 Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery, 551Alexis Sudlow, Dimitri J. Pournaras, and Carel W. le Roux 39 In-Hospital Treatment and Surgery in People with Diabetes, 559Ketan Dhatariya, Philip Newland-Jones, and Mayank Patel 40 Hypoglycaemia in Diabetes, 579Ahmed Iqbal, Elaine Y.K. Chow, Timothy W. Jones, and Simon R. Heller 41 Acute Metabolic Complications of Diabetes: Diabetic Ketoacidosis and the Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State in Adults, 602Philip Newland-Jones, Mayank Patel, and Ketan Dhatariya Part 7 Microvascular Complications in Diabetes 42 Pathogenesis of Microvascular Complications, 615Allan Flyvbjerg 43 Diabetic Retinopathy, 629Toke Bek 44 Diabetic Nephropathy, 640Peter Rossing and Allan Flyvbjerg 45 Diabetic Neuropathy, 655Shazli Azmi, Uazman Alam, and Rayaz A. Malik Part 8 Macrovascular Complications in Diabetes 46 Pathogenesis of Macrovascular Complications in Diabetes, 681Jakob A. Ostergaard, Tomasz J. Block, Sophia Dahm, Waheed Khan, and Karin A.M. Jandeleit-Dahm 47 Hypertension and Diabetes, 700Peter M. Nilsson 48 Dyslipidaemia and Diabetes, 713Adie Viljoen, Ahmed Handhle, and Anthony S. Wierzbicki 49 Ischaemic Heart Disease in Diabetes, 724Michael Lehrke and Nikolaus Marx 50 Heart Failure and Diabetes, 732Ambarish Pandey, Kershaw V. Patel, and Subodh Verma 51 Cerebrovascular Disease and Diabetes, 745Colum F. Amory, Jesse Weinberger, and Travis S. Smith 52 Peripheral Vascular Disease, 755Henrik H. Sillesen Part 9 Other Complications of Diabetes 53 Foot Problems in People with Diabetes, 771Frank L. Bowling, Keeley J. Foley, and Andrew J.M. Boulton 54 Sexual Function in Men and Women with Diabetes, 780Kirsty Winkley, Camilla Kristensen, Jackie Fosbury, and David Price 55 Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Diabetes, 796Michael Camilleri and Adil E. Bharucha 56 Diabetes and Oral Health, 810Palle Holmstrup, Christian Damgaard, and Allan Flyvbjerg 57 Diabetes and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, 820Alessandro Mantovani, Giovanni Targher, and Christopher D. Byrne 58 The Skin in Diabetes, 838Paul Devakar Yesudian 59 Bone and Rheumatic Disorders in Diabetes, 853Andrew Grey and Nicola Dalbeth 60 Diabetes and Cancer: Risk, Outcomes, and Clinical Implications, 867Ellena Badrick, Emily J. Gallagher, and Andrew G. Renehan 61 Diabetes and Infections, 878Andrea O.Y. Luk and Clive S. Cockram 62 Sleep and Diabetes, 897Sonya Deschênes, Amy McInerney, and Norbert Schmitz Part 10 Psychosocial Aspects of Diabetes 63 Psychosocial and Behavioural Aspects of Diabetes, 907Frans Pouwer and Jane Speight 64 Role of Cognitive Function in Managing People with Diabetes, 922Tamsin Santos, Chelsea Baird, Sally Eastwood, Kerrie Shiell, and Joseph E. Ibrahim 65 Mental Disorders and Diabetes, 933Najma Siddiqi, Marietta Stadler, and Richard I.G. Holt 66 Social Aspects of Diabetes, 956Brian M. Frier and Mark W.J. Strachan 67 Social Determinants of Diabetes, 973Keri F. Kirk, Gerald McKinley, Briana Mezuk, and Erica Spears Part 11 Diabetes in Special Groups 68 Ethnic, Cultural, and Religious Aspects to the Management of Diabetes, 987Wasim Hanif, Sarah N. Ali, and Vinod Patel 69 Diabetes in Childhood, 999Jennifer M. Ikle, Ananta Addala, and David M. Maahs 70 Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Diabetesin Transition, 1019Charlotte W. Chen and Lori M.B. Laffel 71 Diabetes in Pregnancy, 1034David R. McCance and Laura Cassidy 72 Diabetes in Old Age, 1072Ahmed H. Abdelhafiz and Alan J. Sinclair 73 Diabetes at the End of Life, 1085Trisha Dunning and June James Part 12 Delivery and Organization of Diabetes Care 74 The Role of the Multidisciplinary Team across Primary and Secondary Care, 1097Samuel Seidu and Kamlesh Khunti 75 Models of Diabetes Care in Low-and Middle-Income Countries, 1107David Beran, Sigiriya Aebischer Perone, and Maria Lazo-Porras Part 13 Future Directions 76 Immunotherapies for Type 1 Diabetes, 1125Jesper Johannesen and Flemming Pociot 77 Stem Cell Therapy in Diabetes, 1137Angelo Avogaro and Gian Paolo Fadini 78 Gene Therapy for Diabetes, 1144Veronica Jimenez and Fatima Bosch 79 Future Drug Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes, 1154Clifford J. Bailey Index, 1167

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Book SynopsisA full-color guide to the entire field of clinical endocrinology and its scientific underpinnings â updated with the latest breakthroughs and developmentsA Doodyâs Core Title for 2022! Greenspanâs Basic & Clinical Endocrinology delivers a succinct, leading-edge overview of the underlying molecular biology of the endocrine system and the latest perspectives on the diagnosis and treatment of specific diseases and disorders. Featuring an enhanced design that includes hundreds of full-color illustrations and clinical photographs, Greenspanâs is a true must-have during traditional or integrated courses in endocrinology, endocrinology rotation, or exam prep in internal medicine and endocrinology and as reference for disease management.Greenspanâs provides clinically relevant coverage of metabolic bone disease, pancreatic hormones and diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, obesity, geriatric endoc

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Dr. Joseph Mercola has been a shining beacon of health wisdom and freedom for decades. His latest book, Fat for Fuel, is a masterpiece of cutting-edge research and practical application. This information, if applied, holds the key to sustainable weight loss and enhanced energy. More than that, this lifestyle plan can help reverse chronic illness such as heart disease, diabetes, and even cancer."— Christiane Northrup, M.D., New York Times best-selling author of Women’s Bodies, Women’s Wisdom and Goddesses Never Age"I truly believe that the concept of Mitochondrial Metabolic Therapy will have significant impact on health. As I mentioned in my book, cancer is not likely to occur in people with healthy mitochondria. Dr. Mercola has expanded this concept to a broad range of chronic diseases that involve mitochondrial dysfunction. He provides a clear rationale as well as guidelines for implementation of MMT. This book should be read by anyone interested in maintaining their health without toxic pharmaceuticals."— Thomas Seyfried, Ph.D., author of Cancer as a Metabolic Disease and professor of biology at Boston College"Dr. Mercola’s Fat for Fuel eloquently presents the leading edge of science, exploring how best to power your body. This is a life-changing text that not only provides a deep dive into why choosing fat as our primary fuel source powerfully correlates with health and disease resistance, but also delivers in terms of how the reader can easily bring about this fundamentally important change. Health, on a global scale, has suffered profoundly as a consequence of commercially influenced dietary recommendations. Mercola’s science-based refutation of this status quo provides a welcome and compassionate response, allowing readers to regain and maintain optimal health."— David Perlmutter, M.D., F.A.C.N., board-certified neurologist and author of the #1 New York Times bestseller Grain Brain and The Grain Brain Whole Life Plan"This remarkable book presents a truly revolutionary program that can help millions of people achieve optimal health. Dr. Mercola clearly explains the importance of mitochondria for metabolic function and carefully guides his readers with detailed practical advice for enhancing their activity. Fat for Fuel will change the way you think about nutrition and your health."— Leo Galland, M.D., author of The Allergy Solution"In Fat for Fuel, Dr. Mercola beautifully lays out the history—and the myths—behind the high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet that has been at the root of so much illness and death in the last half-century. Dr. Mercola is one of the few who have properly understood and embraced my long-standing belief that one’s health and lifespan is mostly determined by the proportion of fat versus sugar one burns over a lifetime. He also understands that excess protein creates another whole set of health-eroding issues. Anyone who values their health should read this book."— Ron Rosedale, M.D. "The world of nutrition is more confusing than ever. But one thing has become increasingly evident over the past decade: teaching our bodies to use fat instead of glucose as the main fuel source has immense potential to support patients suffering from some of the most devastating chronic diseases. Dr. Mercola’s Fat for Fuel will be an invaluable resource for me in two ways: personally, because I’m a cancer patient myself striving to create an environment that will keep my disease at bay, but also professionally as a nutritional therapist. Fat for Fuel will help me inform, educate, and guide my clients."— Patricia Daly, dipNT, mNTOI, mBANT"Fat for Fuel is another fact-based, insightful book by the visionary Joseph Mercola that will not just change your life, but could literally save it. Dr. Mercola understands how food can preserve wellness or destroy it. Boldly challenging old myths about fat, diet, and healing, he gives practical, step-by-step instructions that will empower you to take control of your health whether you are sick and want to get well, or are healthy and want to stay well."— Barbara Loe Fisher, co-founder, National Vaccine Information Center"Fat for Fuel is required reading for anyone wishing to radically and expeditiously address a current health crisis and also for those of us seeking to ameliorate genetic predispositions as we age."— Karen Becker, D.V.M."Dr. Mercola’s lifetime of research reaches a crescendo with Fat for Fuel. Every page is a distillation of his genuine passion to optimize human health through diet."— Travis Christofferson, author of Tripping over the Truth: How the Metabolic Theory of Cancer Is Overturning One of Medicine’s Most Entrenched Paradigms"Fat for Fuel is a powerhouse of practical, evidence-based information for the clinician and consumer alike. With so much conflicting information in the nutrition world, this book serves as a critical resource for every physician in training or in practice, and for every person eager to avoid the need for those doctors."— Zach Bush, M.D., endocrinologist"Fat for Fuel is a powerful manifesto reexamining the fat-phobic paradigm that has long dominated the thinking about health and nutrition. This is an extremely valuable guidebook for those seeking to understand and implement transformational dietary changes to boost their metabolic and cellular function. By shifting away from the idea of glucose as the optimal source of energy, Dr. Mercola shows how we can harness the benefits of fat and ketones for clean-burning fuel in the quest for optimal health."— Michael Stroka, J.D., M.B.A., M.S., C.N.S., L.D.N., executive director, Board for Certification of Nutrition Specialists"In 2017, we have many chronic illness epidemics in the USA. At the center of most of those epidemics is the toxic, nutrient-depleted, dysfunctional human cell. And research is now showing us that the most important organelle in that cell contributing to most of these diseases is the mitochondria. In his book Fat for Fuel, Joe Mercola has given us a practical blueprint for how to revive our mitochondria using diet as a powerful foundation, with a few other added simple tools, such as intermittent fasting, exercise, light therapy, and some supplemental nutrients. Dr. Mercola tested the Mitochondrial Metabolic Therapy recommendations he makes in this book on himself, with many months of trials and errors and continuous glucose monitoring. He also amassed impressive scientific research from the literature to prove what he recommends on these pages. I highly endorse Fat for Fuel as the most practical do-it-yourself guide available today for people to take back control of their health and resolve chronic illnesses."— W. Lee Cowden, M.D., M.D.(H), chairman of scientific advisory board, Academy of Comprehensive Integrative Medicine"Science has already shown that eating fat can make you thin. In this pathbreaking book, Dr. Joseph Mercola goes a critical step further, revealing that using fat as your main fuel source can heal your body at a mitochondrial level, restoring energy and well-being and even helping fight cancer and other diseases. Impeccably researched and passionately argued, Fat for Fuel dispels dangerous myths about ‘healthful’ diets, reveals truths the food industry won’t tell you about the food you eat, and starts you on a path to radically transforming your health."— Mark Hyman, M.D., #1 New York Times best-selling author of Eat Fat Get Thin and Director of the Cleveland Clinic’s Center for Functional Medicine"Fat for Fuel is a landmark contribution from Dr. Joe Mercola. . . . Metabolism at its core consists of how our mitochondria utilize nutrients, and Dr. Mercola educates his readers on how to choose the nutrients that optimize mitochondrial function. This book will contribute greatly toward our health goals for our entire population as more and more health-care professionals wake up to this understanding of the importance of optimizing mitochondrial metabolism. Fat for Fuel brings mitochondrial function into the mainstream for the healthy benefit of everyone. Bravo!"— J. William (Will) LaValley, M.D."Dr. Mercola is a deep thinker with a passion for seeking knowledge about the inner workings of the human body and an open mind about the role of successful alternative treatments that have hard evidence behind them. Dr. Mercola has a knack for describing difficult scientific concepts in simple and entertaining terms that a non-expert can understand. The information he provides is priceless: the result of decades of searching for, and finding, the truths that will keep you on the path to healthy living. You can’t afford not to read this book!"— Stephanie Seneff, Ph.D., senior research scientist, MIT"Dr. Mercola proves once again that he is at the very forefront of natural healing and wellness. With medical science understanding more and more how mitochondrial dysfunction leads to chronic disease, Dr. Mercola provides a simple, natural healing plan with this important new book."— Jason Fung, M.D., nephrologist and author of The Complete Guide to Fasting"A revolution is growing in medicine, one that revolves around a change from seeing the cell as a membrane-bound bag of water controlled by the all-powerful DNA to a more fluid conception of the cell centered on the central role of the mitochondria. Dr. Mercola is at the forefront of this exciting revolution, and this book gives you both the theoretical basis and practical suggestions for supporting your mitochondria and regaining better health. I would encourage everyone to read this book and strongly consider following Dr. Mercola’s many helpful suggestions and guidelines."— Thomas Cowan, M.D."A book like Fat for Fuel has been a long time coming. Backed by a wealth of research, Dr. Mercola makes the definitive case that fat, not sugar, is the power source on which our bodies are meant to run, and he outlines what changes we can make in our daily lives to use fat as fuel. KU Integrative Medicine has been waiting for this book!"— Jeanne A. Drisko, M.D., C.N.S, F.A.C.N., Director, KU Integrative Medicine, and Riordan endowed professor of orthomolecular medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center"Dr. Mercola is one of the most brilliant minds in modern medicine, and he has achieved a true masterpiece with Fat for Fuel. Why? The book defies the status quo and reveals the truth behind everything from why fasting is a healthy habit to why you need to become a fat-burning machine. He even shocks us with the details on how iron can negatively impact mitochondrial health (you’ll be surprised). This book is a must-read if you want to optimize your body and brain while systematically eliminating a host of risk factors for chronic disease."— Ben Greenfield, BenGreenfieldFitness.com (Dr. Mercola’s favorite fitness podcast)"In a bold voice and in plain language, Dr. Mercola continues his role as nutrition pioneer for America and the world. This book will educate, embolden, and empower consumers to take charge of their health destiny. Dr. Mercola, pro-health instead of pro-industry, shows us how we can bring in healthy fats and take a number of other key steps to right our own ships. This book should be a wake-up call to spur the medical and dental professions to take nutrition counseling seriously."— Charlie Brown, J.D., Consumers for Dental Choice"Fat for Fuel consolidates the latest cutting-edge metabolic discoveries into an easy-to-follow system for optimizing your health at the cellular level. It gives people the tools and the knowledge to empower themselves and customize their own dietary therapy."— Aaron Davidson, founder of Cronometer "Fat for Fuel goes well beyond a book on the health benefits of eating the right types of fat to offer tremendous insights on how to power up your health by ramping up metabolism and boosting cellular energy. It is an incredible book written by a truly insightful thought leader. My hope is that this book will produce the tipping point leading to needed changes in our collective thinking about the power of nutrition as medicine. I highly recommend this book!"— Michael T. Murray, N.D., co-author of The Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine"Dr. Mercola presents a well-thought-out, well-written case for a healthy diet that is surprisingly high in fats. Over the years I taught many a student about mitochondrial function, and it is a pleasure to see proper emphasis on this all-important cellular powerhouse. Fat for Fuel deserves serious consideration by anyone looking for practical, powerful ways to improve their health."— Andrew W. Saul, Ph.D., editor, Orthomolecular Medicine News Service"Fat for Fuel is a crucial read to obtain and maintain health, especially in the modern pandemic of inflammation-driven chronic diseases. This important book teaches principles most people have not yet heard and extends its reach beyond the small group of practitioners around the world who are already utilizing these methods. Implementing the principles outlined in this book has proved life-changing for thousands and I now expect that this information will transform millions. These tools and strategies are ‘the real deal,’ and a proven answer to our current state of dis-ease. The science presented here is clear and well-documented and will change the way you think about what really brings you health and healing."— Daniel Pompa, D.C."Fat for Fuel comes at the perfect time. With the cost of health care soaring, we have to take responsibility for protecting our health instead of simply treating disease. Understanding the mechanisms of how we function is essential to a healthy body and brain, and modern-day revolutionary Dr. Mercola has relentlessly dug through the research to bring this latest and greatest knowledge of our bodies to the bookshelf. Not only does this page-turner highlight the need for fat in our diet, it shows us how to prepare our bodies to process and utilize it most efficiently—a key ingredient in the overall strategy to attain optimal health."— Erin Elizabeth, investigative journalist, author of In the Lymelight, and founder of HealthNutNews.com"I had been playing around with low-carb and keto cooking on and off for a year but not making much progress toward my weight-loss goals. After reading Fat for Fuel I understand that I was limited by a kindergarten-level understanding of the ketogenic diet compared to what I needed to know and do in order to be successful. My father’s recent death due to Alzheimer’s has motivated me to be deadly serious about doing whatever I can to avoid this and other chronic diseases. I’ve read hundreds of nutrition books over my lifetime but this one is my favorite and the one I know will make the biggest impact on your health if you have the commitment to follow it to the letter. Once again, an outstanding contribution from Dr. Mercola!"— Dr. Kendra Pearsall, N.M.D., founder of Enlita.com"Clear the brain fog, build up your energy, prevent disease, be happy! Dr. Mercola shatters the fat myth and shows us the way to ultimate health and healing."— Dr. Alberto Villoldo, co-author of Power Up Your Brain

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Book SynopsisExtraordinary advances in the understanding of the relationships between nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular disease have prompted a systematic reappraisal of recent knowledge in the field.Table of ContentsContributor list. Foreword. Preface. Section I Nutrition and Obesity. 1 Basics of Energy Balance (Luca Scalfi, Fabrizio Pasanisi, & Franco Contaldo). 2 Genotype-Phenotype Associations: Modulation by Diet and Obesity (José M. Ordovas&Mireia Junyent). 3 Etiopathogenesis of Obesity (Marie-Eve Mathieu & Angelo Tremblay). 4 The Epidemiology of Obesity (W. Philip T. James & Rachel Leach). 5 Pre-Diabetes in Obese Adolescents: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms (Anna M.G. Cali & Sonia Caprio). 6 Complications and Comorbidities of Obesity (Franco Contaldo, Fabrizio Pasanisi, & Mario Mancini). 7 Cardiovascular Damage in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome, (Giovanni de Simone, Richard B. Devereux, & Oreste de Divitiis). 8 Treatment of Obesity: Beneficial Effects on Comorbidities and Lifespan (George A. Bray). 9 A Review of Results from Swedish Obese Subjects, SOS (Lars Sjöström). 10 Optimal Nutrition for Health and Longevity (Francesco P. Mancini & Mario Mancini). Section II Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes. 11 Definition and Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome (Wm. James Howard, Giovanni de Simone, & Barbara V. Howard). 12 Cardiac and Vascular Effects of Adipocytokines in Normal and Obese Individuals: The Concept of Cardiometabolic Risk (Roberto Vettor, Claudio Pagano, Marco Rossato, & Giovanni Federspil). 13 Dietary Carbohydrates, Overweight and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of Glycemic Index in a Healthy Diet (Angela Albarosa Rivellese & Rosalba Giacco). 14 Metabolic Effects ofWholegrain Foods in Relation to Composition, Structure and Type of Food (Hannu Mykk¨anen, Marjukka Kolehmainen, Isabel Bondia Pons, & Kaisa Poutanen). 15 Complex Dietary Patterns (Mediterranean Diet, Vegetarian/Vegan Dietary Models): Impact on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism (Jim Mann). 16 Physical Activity and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases (Eduardo Farinaro, Elisabetta Della Valle, & Roberto Grimaldi). 17 Physical Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity, Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome (Virginie Messier, Anne-Sophie Brazeau, Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret, & Antony Karelis). 18 Functional Foods for Diabetes and Obesity (Gabriele Riccardi, Brunella Capaldo, & Olga Vaccaro). Section III Hypercholesterolemia and Early Atherosclerosis. 19 Familial Dyslipidemias: From Genetics to Clinical Picture (Paolo Rubba,Marco Gentile, Salvatore Panico, & Paolo Pauciullo). 20 HDL, Reverse Cholesterol Transport, and Atherosclerosis (Guido Franceschini, Monica Gomaraschi, & Laura Calabresi). 21 Role of Polyunsaturated Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Micronutrient Intake on Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease (Francesco Visioli, Doriane Richard, Pedro Bausero, & Claudio Galli). 22 Alcohol Intake, Dyslipidemia, and CVD (Saverio Stranges & Maurizio Trevisan). 23 Dyslipidemia in Chronic Renal Disease (Carmine Zoccali). 24 Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Dyslipidemia, and Cardiovascular Risk (Jan Kvetny & Jørgen Gram). 25 Genetic Influences on Blood Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease Risk (Jose M. Ordovas & Mireia Junyent). 26 The Relationship between Dyslipidemia and Inflammation (Branislav Vohnout, Giovanni de Gaetano, Maria Benedetta Donati, & Licia Iacoviello). 27 Dyslipidemia in Children: Diagnosis and Management (Leiv Ose). 28 Early Atherosclerotic Lesions in Childhood and Adolescence (Paolo Rubba, Gabriella Iannuzzo, Fabrizio Jossa, Gennaro Marotta, & Arcangelo Iannuzzi). 29 Phytosterols, Plasma Lipids and CVD Risk (Gerd Assmann & Udo Seedorf). 30 Nitric Oxide in the Development of Vascular Diseases and Regenerative Angiogenesis (Claudio Napoli & Louis J. Ignarro). 31 Impact of Treating Dyslipidemia on Cardiovascular Events (? Zeljko Reiner & Diana Mua?cevi´c-Katanec). 32 Evolution of the Lipid Clinic, 1968–2008 (Barry Lewis). Section IV Nutrition, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease. 33 From Abdominal Adiposity to Hypertension: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications (Albert P. Rocchini). 34 Role of the Adipose-Tissue Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Obesity and Obesity-Associated Hypertension (Stefan Engeli). 35 Relationship of Dietary Electrolyte Intake to Blood Pressure Regulation and Hypertension (Francesco P. Cappuccio). 36 Genetic Susceptibility and Metabolic Bases of BP Salt Sensitivity (Ferruccio Galletti & Pasquale Strazzullo). 37 Are Sodium and Potassium Intake Independent Predictors of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events?(Pasquale Strazzullo, Gianvincenzo Barba, & Renato Ippolito). 38 Metabolic and Dietary Influences on Sympathetic Nervous System Activity (Elaine Ku, Tanzina Nasreen, Jeanie Park, & Vito M. Campese). 39 Improved Nutrition: Key to Solving the Populationwide Blood Pressure Problem (Jeremiah Stamler). 40 Alcohol and Coffee Intake, BP, and Cerebrovascular Disorders (Tanika N. Kelly & Jiang He). 41 Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, Hypertension, and Risk of Stroke (Lydia A. Bazzano & Domnica Fotino). 42 Complex Dietary Patterns and Blood Pressure (Alfonso Siani & L. Aldo Ferrara). 43 Role of Obesity and Metabolic Alterations in Hypertensive Renal Disease and in Chronic Kidney Disease (Carmine Zoccali, Daniela Leonardis, & Francesca Mallamaci). 44 Current Experience and Future Perspectives forWorldwide Reduction of Dietary Salt Intake (Naomi M. Marrero, Feng J. He,& Graham A. MacGregor). Section V Hemostasis and Thrombosis: From Nutritional Influences to Cardiovascular Events. 45 Risk Factors for Arterial Thrombosis (Giovanni de Gaetano, Romina di Giuseppe, & Maria Benedetta Donati). 46 Platelets, Leukocytes, and VascularWall Interactions in Cardiovascular Disease: Modulatory Effects of Dietary Polyphenols (Chiara Cerletti, Serenella Rotondo, & Giovanni de Gaetano). 47 Gene–Environment Interaction in the Molecular Regulation of Plasma Coagulation Proteins (Maurizio Margaglione, Elvira Grandone, Matteo N.D. Di Minno, & Giovanni Di Minno). 48 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease: ?-3 PUFA (Elena Tremoli, Matteo Nicola Dario Di Minno & Giovanni Di Minno). 49 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease: Homocysteine (Matteo Nicola Dario Di Minno, Elena Tremoli, & Giovanni Di Minno). Section VI Nutrition, Metabolism, and the Aging Process. 50 Nutrients and Cellular Aging (Roberto Paternò & Francesco P. Mancini). 51 Interaction between Diet and Genes on Longevity (Annibale Alessandro Puca, Chiara Viviani Anselmi, & Thomas Perls). 52 The Role of Diet on Cognitive Decline and Dementia (Alfredo Postiglione & Giovanni Gallotta). 53 Neurovascular Protection in Old Age (Jean-Marc Bugnicourt & Jean-Marc Chillon). 54 Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Their Treatment in the Oldest Old (Kay-Tee Khaw). 55 Nutrition and Lifespan in Developing Countries (Arun Chockalingam). Index.

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Book SynopsisTrends indicate that the metabolic syndrome will become the leading risk factor for heart disease. Now more than ever you need an all-in-one reference that provides the tools and practical advice you need to: Identify at-risk patients Explain individual contributing factors Aid in patient education and motivation Direct comprehensive care and Choose the most appropriate interventions Comprehensively revised to reflect leading-edge research and now organized to facilitate easy access to essential information and clinically-relevant guidance, Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease, 2e offers this and more. Not only will you receive a solid understanding of the pathophysiology underlying the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease but also the rationale for today's most effective treatments. What's new? Filled with timely new content, Table of ContentsPreface viii List of Abbreviations ix 1 The Metabolic Syndrome: A Relevant Concept? 1 2 Mitochondria 3 Background 3 Cellular respiration 6 Modulation of mitochondrial metabolic activity 9 Factors that affect mitochondrial number and activity 10 Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 11 Mitochondrial production of prooxidant species 12 Mitochondria and nitric oxide 15 Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis 17 The mitochondrial permeability transition 18 Apoptosis 22 Causes for mitochondrial dysfunction 22 Implications of mitochondrial dysfunction 27 Mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease 27 Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disease 29 Conclusion 32 Bibliography 34 3 Telomeres 40 Telomere structure 40 Telomere function 41 Telomere shortening 41 Telomere dysfunction 42 Physiologic age 42 Gender differences 43 Telomerase 43 Cell senescence and apoptosis 46 Telomeres in aging 49 Risk factors for cardiometabolic disease 51 Telomeres senescence and chronic disease 54 Cardiovascular disease 54 Insulin resistance and type 2 DM 57 Conclusion 58 Bibliography 60 4 The FoxO Transcription Factors and Sirtuins 64 Forkhead transcription factors 64 Functions of FoxO 68 Cardiovascular forkhead effects 70 Metabolic forkhead effects 72 Histone acetylation and deacetylation 75 Sirtuin deacetylases 76 Sirtuin regulation 78 Antiinflammatory cardiovascular and myocyte sirtuin effects 80 Sirtuin effects on metabolism 81 Sirtuins and cell longevity 83 Forkhead deregulation and insulin resistance 85 Paradoxical effect of nutrition versus stress on cell death suppression 87 Conclusion 89 Bibliography 90 5 Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 96 Anabolism and catabolism 96 Control of plasma glucose 96 Insulin 97 Insulin receptor location 98 Metabolic insulin signaling 101 Insulin-mediated glucose uptake 103 Nutrient storage and metabolism 104 Vascular and antiinflammatory effects 106 Mitogenic action 107 Insulin-like growth factor 108 Insulin and IGF impact on cell longevity 111 Amylin 113 Glucagon 113 Conclusion 113 Bibliography 114 6 Oxidative Stress 120 Free radicals 120 Oxidases 120 Sources for free radicals 123 Endogenous antioxidants 124 Physiologic functions of oxidative stress 126 Mechanisms of oxidative damage 127 Cellular stress-sensitive pathways 127 Cellular targets of oxidative stress 128 Oxidative stress-related diseases 129 Endothelial dysfunction with oxidative stress 129 Cardiovascular disease 130 Insulin resistance and type 2 DM 131 Conclusion 133 Bibliography 134 7 Mental Stress 139 Stress responses 139 Central stress pathways 139 Peripheral stress pathways 140 Fight-flight-fright responses to acute stress 142 Sequelae of sustained passive stress 142 Inflammatory effects of stress pathways 143 Vascular and lipoprotein effects of stress pathways 143 Stress impact on body weight 146 Metabolic effects of stress pathways 146 Depression and other mood disturbances 149 Conclusion 152 Bibliography 153 8 Sleep 159 Stages of sleep 159 Cardiovascular parameters during normal sleep 160 Function of sleep 161 Sleep duration 164 Circadian rhythm 165 Examples of circadian regulation 166 Neurohormonal modulation of wakefulness 168 Neurohormonal modulation of sleep 170 Sleep–arousal transitions 172 Sleep deficit 174 Pathophysiologic effects of sleep debt 175 Sleep debt and risk of cardiometabolic disorder 177 Sleep disorders 179 Conclusion 182 Bibliography 183 9 Inflammation 192 Immune responses 192 Selected participants in the inflammatory response 193 C-reactive protein 198 The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and inflammation 199 Inflammation and chronic diseases 202 Inflammation endothelial and vascular dysfunction 202 Inflammation and atherosclerosis 205 Acute inflammation carbohydrate metabolism and dyslipidemia 210 Chronic inflammation and the metabolic syndrome 213 Causes for systemic inflammation 215 Conclusion 218 Bibliography 219 10 Adipose Tissue and Overweight 228 Energy storage 228 Diverse fat depots 230 Adipose tissue as immune organ 234 Adipose tissue as endocrine organ 236 Adipokines with beneficial cardiometabolic effect 237 Adipokines with detrimental cardiometabolic effect 244 Obesity comorbidities and cardiovascular disease 250 Obesity insulin resistance and diabetes 252 Conclusion 254 Bibliography 255 11 Weight Loss and Diet 266 Homeostatic responses to weight gain and weight loss 266 Adipose weight loss effects 267 Antiinflammatory vasculoprotective and metabolic effects of weight loss 267 Dietary intervention for weight loss 269 Calorie restriction 270 Surgical intervention 277 Diet 279 Exercise as adjunct to weight loss 289 Conclusion 289 Bibliography 291 12 Skeletal Muscle and Exercise 303 Myocyte structure and function 303 Metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle 305 Energy sensors 311 Skeletal muscle in inflammation 317 Skeletal muscle in insulin resistance 318 Exercise effect on inflammation and oxidative stress 320 Exercise effect on metabolism in obesity 322 Exercise effect and cardiovascular health 322 Exercise and insulin resistance 325 Exercise and mortality 328 Exercise recommendation 331 Conclusion 332 Bibliography 334 13 Lipids Atherogenic Dyslipidemia and Therapy 347 Apolipoproteins 347 Lipoproteins 347 Apo A-containing lipoproteins 348 Apo B-containing lipoproteins 355 Apolipoproteins C D and E 360 The triglyceride lipase family 360 The normal metabolism of free fatty acids 363 Inflammation and hepatic insulin resistance 365 Atherogenic dyslipidemia in insulin resistance 369 Lipid-lowering therapy 372 The HMG CoA reductase inhibitors 374 Nicotinic acid 387 The fibric acid derivatives 388 Bile acid sequestrants 391 Ezetimibe 391 CETP inhibition 391 Conclusion 392 Bibliography 393 14 The Endothelium Cardiovascular Disease and Therapy 409 Endothelial function 409 Nitric oxide synthase and eNOS 409 Endothelial NO synthesis 410 Specific enhancers of NO synthesis 413 Functions of nitric oxide 415 Shear stress and vascular function 418 Mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction 420 Insulin insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction 424 Implications of endothelial dysfunction 428 Assessment of endothelial function 430 Hypertension 432 Cardiomyopathy 434 Coronary and peripheral vascular disease 440 Pharmacologic antagonism of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and endothelin-1 443 Beta-adrenergic blockade 448 Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors 449 Conclusion 450 Bibliography 451 15 Insulin Resistance Metabolic Syndrome and Therapy 468 Diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome 468 Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome 470 Insulin resistance 470 Causes of insulin resistance 474 Pathways toward insulin resistance 476 Pharmacologic therapy to improve insulin sensitivity 480 Conclusion 483 Bibliography 484 Index 491

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Book SynopsisMetabolic disorder caused by altered levels of metabolism resulting pathophysiological abnormalities often leads to childhood death. Several new developments on metabolic diseases research have been emerging. Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by glucocerebrosidase gene mutations resulting glucocerebrosidase deficiency. Current studies show that the same gene mutations also contribute to the Parkinson''s disease. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) has been widely used in treating patients with Phenylketonuria over a decade. Recent studies reveal that patients treated with BH4 over one-year period showed reduced levels of serum B12, folate and iron intake and therefore patients under chronic BH4 treatment needed to be advised to have additional micronutrients along with BH4. Macrocephaly was used as one of the important features to diagnose Canavan disease. However, a recent study showing a child with aspartoacylase gene mutation developed microcephaly. Hence, Canavan disease phenotype can be either macrocephaly or microcephaly. These are a few examples of recent developments on metabolic diseases research. Therefore, this book was aimed to compose current developments on metabolic diseases research for the use by broad spectrum of experts including Physicians, Neuroscientists, Neurologists, Biomedical researchers, Biochemists, Molecular biologists, Basic Science Researchers and Medical Students.

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThis book reports updated data from the literature on potential drug-drug interactions occurring between drugs used to treat each individual disease of the metabolic syndrome. The manual is focused on metabolic syndrome drugs. Possible drug-drug interactions and their potential mechanisms are summarised and discussed. Chemical characteristics and mechanisms of action of each drug are also briefly described. Some new anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, lipid lowering and anti-hypertensive drugs were also reported and briefly discussed.

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Book SynopsisSince cardiovascular (heart and blood vessel) disease is the leading cause of death for adults in developed countries, many medical studies focus on treating or preventing heart disease and stroke. The metabolic syndrome, a collection of unhealthy body measurements and abnormal laboratory test results, may identify persons at high risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Aggressive lifestyle modification and possible use of medications to treat the conditions that make up the metabolic syndrome may reduce a person''s chances of developing heart disease or stroke. The metabolic syndrome has also been called syndrome X or insulin resistance syndrome.

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Book SynopsisEnteroviruses have been examined for their possible role in the etiology of type 1 diabetes for nearly 40 years. It is now evident from studies in several countries that enterovirus infection accompanies or precedes the onset of diabetes in many individuals. These evidences include the isolation of coxsackievirus B4 from the pancreas of a child at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, several epidemiological and prospective studies showing that some cases of type 1 diabetes are strongly associated with enterovirus infections, seasonal incidence studies, case-control studies that show an increased prevalence and levels of IgM antibodies to enterovirus in newly diagnosed patients. Other evidences involves several case studies in which diabetes develops after an enterovirus infections, increased T cell response to enterovirus antigens in type 1 diabetic patients, suggestions that enterovirus infections during pregnancy might initiate the events leading to childhood diabetes, and a higher frequency of enterovirus RNA in the serum/blood of type 1 diabetic patients at diagnosis. This book Provides a better understanding of enteroviral biology and the potential alternative pathogenic mechanisms through which enteroviruses may cause diabetes.

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