Medical specialties, branches of medicine Books

Book SynopsisCancer Epigenetics: Biomolecular Therapeutics in Human Cancer is the only resource to focus on biomolecular approaches to cancer therapy. Its presentation of the latest research in cancer biology reflects the interdisciplinary nature of the field and aims to facilitate collaboration between the basic, translational, and clinical sciences.Trade Review“In summary, this book provides a useful in-depth review of the molecular mechanisms which underpin epigenetic processes, their clinical linkage to cancer, particularly paediatric indications, and the therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic mechanisms. It is of value to those working in, or entering, this complex and fast-moving field and will be most accessible to those with a biological background and interest.” (ChemMedChem, 1 July 2013)Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. SECTION I: EPIGENETICS AND CELL CYCLE. 1 Epigenetic Modulation of Cell Cycle: An Overview (Micaela Montanari, Antonio Giordano, Marcella Cintorino, and Marcella Macaluso). SECTION II: EPIGENETICS AND CELL DEVELOPMENT, SENESCENCE AND DIFFERENTIATION. 2 Epigenetics in Skeletal Muscle Development (Cristina Giacinti and Antonio Giordano). 3 Epigenetic Control in Cellular Senescence (Heike Helmbold, Wolfgang Deppert, and Wolfgang Bohn). 4 Epigenetic Modulation in Cell Development and Differentiation (Mario Mancino, Claudia Esposito, Raffaella Pasquale, Immacolata Vocca, and Francesca Pentimalli). SECTION III: EPIGENETICS AND GENE TRANSCRIPTION. 5 Epigenetic Control of Gene Transcription (Christian Bronner, Mayada Achour, Thierry Chataigneau,and Valerie B. Schini-Kerth). 6 Epigenetics, MicroRNAs, and Cancer: An Update (Giuseppe Russo, Andrew Puca, Francesco Masulli, Stefano Rovetta,Letizia Cito, Debora Muresu, Flavio Rizzolio, and Antonio Giordano). SECTION IV: EPIGENETICS AND CANCER. 7 The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Cancer (Michael J. Powell, Vladimir M. Popov, Xiang Wang, Steven B. McMahon,Alexander Mazo, and Richard G. Pestell). 8 MBD4/MED1 Protein in DNA Repair and Demethylation, Cancer, and Other Diseases (Serena Buontempo, Mara Sannai, and Alfonso Bellacosa). 9 Epigenetics in Pediatric Cancers (Roberta Ciarapica, Lavinia Raimondi, Federica Verginelli, and Rossella Rota). 10 Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cancer Formation and Progression (Elisabetta Fratta, Luca Sigalotti, Alessia Covre, Giulia Parisi, Riccardo Danielli, Hugues Jean Marie Nicolay, Sandra Coral, and Michele Maio). SECTION V: EPIGENETICS AND ANTICANCER DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY. 11 Recent Advances in the Field of Stem Cell Research: Toward the Definition of the Epigenetic and Genetic Codes of Pluripotency (Gaetano Romano). 12 Potential of Heat Shock Protein Targeting for Human Therapy (Laszlo Otvos, Jr). 13 Advances in Stem Cell Therapy for Cancer Research (Andrew Puca and Antonio Giordano). 14 Epigenetic Targets and Drug Development (Paraskevi Vogiatzi, Maria Irene Scarano, and Pier Paolo Claudio). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChronopharmaceutics covers the fundamentals of the various aspects of chronopharmaceutics in the fields of chronobiology, chronogenetics, chronophysiology, chronopathology, chronopharmacology, chronotherapeutics, chronotoxicology and chronobiotics, and chronopharmaceutical drug delivery research.Table of ContentsPREFACE. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. CONTRIBUTORS. ABBREVATION LIST. INTRODUCTION: TIME, DIAGNOSTICS, AND THERAPEUTICS—BEYOND CIRCADIAN MARKER RHYTHM-GUIDED TREATMENT (Franz Halberg, Germaine Corne lissen, and Othild Schwartzkopff). 1 OVERVIEW OF CHRONOPHARMACEUTICS (Bi-Botti C. Youan). 2 CHRONOGENETICS (Franck Delaunay). 3 CHRONOPHARMACOKINETICS (Bernard Bruguerolle). 4 CHEMICAL OSCILLATOR SYSTEMS FOR CHRONOTHERAPY (Steven A. Giannos). 5 DIFFUCAPS TECHNOLOGY FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE DRUG DELIVERY (Gopi Venkatesh). 6 CHRONOTOPICt TECHNOLOGY (M. E. Sangalli, A. Maroni, L. Zema, M. Cerea, and A. Gazzaniga). 7 CHRONOTHERAPY USING EGALET TECHNOLOGY (Daniel Bar-Shalom, Clive G. Wilson, and Neena Washington). 8 CHRONSETt: AN OROS DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR CHRONOTHERAPY (Liang C. Dong, Crystal Pollock-Dove, and Patrick S.L. Wong). 9 CONTROLLED RELEASE MICROCHIPS (Karen Daniel, Hong Linh Ho Duc, Michael Cima, and Robert Langer). 10 IMPLICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF CIRCADIAN SUSCEPTIBILITY RHYTHMS: CHRONOMICS AND ANESTHESIA (Franz Halberg, Germaine Corne´ lissen, and Othild Schwartzkopff). 11 TREATMENT WITH OPEN EYES: MARKERS-GUIDED CHRONOTHERANOSTICS (Germaine Corne lissen, and Franz Halberg). INDEX.

Read more less

Book SynopsisCosmesis of the Mouth, Face and Jaws provides a unique, whole-face approach to cosmetic procedures, focusing on oral, facial and gnathic components.Table of ContentsContributors Preface Acknowledgment Chapter 1 What Is Beauty? Steven A. Guttenberg DDS, MD Chapter 2 Smile Design and Veneers Peter Rinaldi DDS Chapter 3 Optimal Use of Dental Implants for Cosmesis: Creating Aesthetic Outcomes with Dental Implant Restorations Neil L. Starr DDS Chapter 4 Aesthetic Decisions in Adult Orthodontics Wayne Hickory DMD, MDS and Rohit Sachdeva BDS, MDS Chapter 5 Optimizing Dental Implant Aesthetics Joel Rosenlicht DMD and James Ward DMD Chapter 6 Lip and Perioral Cosmetic Surgery Jon Perenack MD, DDS Chapter 7 Injectable Fillers for Cosmetic Facial Enhancement Bruce N. Epker DDS, MSD, PhD Chapter 8 Aesthetic Facial Implants William J. Binder MD, FACS Chapter 9 Neuromuscular Blockers Paul G. Ruff IV MD, FACS Chapter 10 Skin Rejuvenation Suzan Obagi MD and Shauna Kranendonk MD Chapter 11 Scar Revision Saif S. Al-Bustani MD, DMD and R. Bryan Bell MD, DDS, FACS Chapter 12 Liposuction Douglas M. Monasabian MD, DMD, FACS Chapter 13 Cosmetic Blepharoplasty Lauren Gavaris MD and Paul Gavaris MD Chapter 14 Brow Lifting Matthew R. Hlavacek MD, DDS and Steven J. Prstojevich MD, DDS, FACS Chapter 15 Cosmetic Rhinoplasty Leonard Spector DDS Chapter 16 Otoplasty: Surgical Correction of the Prominent Ear Todd G. Owsley DDS, MD Chapter 17 Rhytidoplasty Robert A. Strauss DDS, MD and Kevin P. Bond DDS Chapter 18 Short-Scar Face-Lift Options Steven B. Hopping MD, FACS Chapter 19 Aesthetic Benefits of Orthognathic Surgery Charles Dennis Hasse DDS, MD Chapter 20 Minimally Invasive Orthognathic and Condylar Surgery Carl Bouchard DMD, MSc, FRCD(C), Matthew Lawler BS, Leonard B. Kaban DMD, MD and Maria J. Troulis DMD, MSc Chapter 21 Hair Transplantation Marc R. Avram MD and Nicole E. Rogers MD Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisRisk Assessment and Oral Diagnostics in Clinical Dentistry aims to enable the dental practitioner to comfortably and capably assess when medical conditions may impact dental care and diagnose oral conditions using routine testing modalities.Trade Review“This book provides generalists at any level a good overview of common oral diseases. Importantly, it provides a useful metric to approaching medically compromised individuals. There are a few other books that may provide a more in-depth review of oral medicine and management of the medically complex patient in dentistry, such as Oral Medicine and Medically Complex Patients, 6th edition, Lockhart (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013), which treats the topic in more depth.” (Doody’s, 3 January 2014)Table of ContentsAuthors vii Preface ix Acknowledgements xi PART A: GUIDELINES FOR RISK ASSESSMENT OF SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS THAT MAY COMPLICATE OR BE COMPLICATED BY DENTAL TREATMENT 1 1 Basics of the Health History, Physical Examination, and Clinical Investigations 3 2 Basic Tests and Evaluation Methods of Systemic Health 27 3 Potential for Bleeding 47 4 Potential for Infection 63 5 Potential for Poor Wound Healing 77 PART B: GUIDELINES FOR DIAGNOSIS OF OROFACIAL CONDITIONS 89 6 Dental Caries and Periodontal Conditions 91 7 Oral Infection 107 8 Salivary Conditions 123 9 Oral Neoplastic Disease 139 10 Oral Complications Associated with Cancer Therapy 151 11 Oral Manifestations of Autoimmune, Immune-Mediated, and Allergic Disorders 171 12 Orofacial Pain Conditions 193 Appendix: Top 10 List of Non-odontogenic Oral Conditions 211 Index 215

Read more less

Book SynopsisOffers a well-designed approach to imaging musculoskeletal trauma Medical imaging plays an important role in identifying fractures and helping the patient return to regular activities as soon as possible. But in order to identify the fracture, and describe all the relevant associated injuries, the radiologist first needs to understand normal anatomy and the mechanisms of fractures. Imaging Musculoskeletal Trauma reviews common fracture and dislocation mechanisms and provides up-to-date guidelines on the use and interpretation of imaging tests. Designed for use by professionals in radiology, orthopedics, emergency medicine, and sports medicine, this book offers a concise, systematic approach to imaging musculoskeletal trauma. Replete with easily accessible information, including well-designed tables and lists, the book features radiology report checklists for each anatomic site, numerous radiographs and CT and MRI images, simple illustrations for common fracture Trade Review“In summary, Imaging Musculoskeletal Trauma Interpretation and Reporting is a very well-written textbook with comprehensive evaluation of fractures and fracture-dislocations of the axial and appendicular skeleton, with minor limitations. This book can be recommended as a useful guideline in radiologic evaluation and interpretation of musculoskeletal trauma cases for radiology trainees, practicing radiologists, and other clinicians with an interest in musculoskeletal trauma.” (Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 25 February 2014)Table of ContentsPreface vi List of Contributors vii 1 Essential Concepts in Imaging Musculoskeletal Trauma 1 Andrea Donovan 2 Pediatric Skeletal Trauma 31 Elka Miller, Jorge Davila, Carmen Rotaru, and Khaldoun Koujok 3 Spine 61 Chris Heyn and Rafael Glikstein 4 Shoulder and Proximal Humerus 109 Andrea Donovan 5 Elbow and Forearm 141 Philip Hodnett and Andrea Donovan 6 Wrist and Hand 171 Deep Chatha 7 Pelvis and Proximal Femur 211 Emad Almusa, Stamatis N. Kantartzis, and Joshua Leeman 8 Knee and Tibia and Fibula Shafts 253 Andrew Lischuk, Edward Smitaman, Kristen Menn, and Andrew Haims 9 Ankle and Foot 289 Adnan Sheikh 10 Fracture Healing and Complications of Fractures 341 Marcos Loreto Sampaio Index 379

Read more less

Book SynopsisPercutaneous renal procedures are highly complex and require a great deal of surgical skill. This book provides urologists, nephrologists and surgeons with the knowledge, confidence and clinical skills required to perform these complex and difficult surgical procedures safely and effectively.Table of ContentsContributor List, vii Preface, xiii About the Companion Website, xiv Section 1: Introduction 1 Percutaneous Renal Access: A Historical Perspective, 3 Simpa S. Salami, Zeph Okeke, and Arthur D. Smith 2 Interventional Imaging and Radiation Safety, 7 Don C. Arnold II, Kirk M. Anderson, and D. Duane Baldwin Section 2: Percutaneous Management of Large Renal Calculi (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy) 3 Epidemiology of Large Renal Stones and Utilization Patterns of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 23 Stephen Faddegon and Margaret S. Pearle 4 Evolution of Evidence-Based Outcomes for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 31 Kirsten Foell and Kenneth T. Pace 5 Patient Selection and Informed Consent, 46 Nader Fahmy and John Denstedt 6 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Percutaneous Access, 59 Naeem Bhojani and James E. Lingeman 7 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Tract Dilation and Endoscopes, 64 Michael J. Metcalfe, Ryan Paterson, and Ben Chew 8 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Intracorporeal Lithotrites, 74 Abhishek P. Patel and Bodo E. Knudsen 9 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Prone, 84 Mantu Gupta and Doh Yoon Cha 10 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Supine, 95 Arvind Ganpule, Amit Doshi, and Mahesh R. Desai 11 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Prone-Flexed/Lateral, 106 Kirsten Foell and R. John D’A. Honey 12 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Endoscopic Guidance, 116 Farhan Khan, Ross Moskowitz, Joseph Graversen, Michael Ordon, Ralph V. Clayman, and Jaime Landman 13 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 126 Gunnar Wendt-Nordahl and Thomas Knoll 14 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Multiple Access, 134 Jessica N. Lange, Patrick W. Mufarrij, and Dean G. Assimos 15 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Tube or Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 143 Andreas Neisius, Michael E. Lipkin, and Glenn M. Preminger 16 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Postoperative Imaging Following Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, 152 Aditya Bagrodia and Margaret S. Pearle 17 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Antegrade Ureteric Stenting, 161 Ravi Kulkarni Section 3: Percutaneous Management of Transitional Cell Cancer (Percutaneous Resection of Tumor) 18 Epidemiology of Disease (Upper Tract Transitional Cell Cancer), 175 Matthew R. Hotston, Sunil Mathur, and Francis X. Keeley 19 Evidence-Based Outcomes for Percutaneous Management of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma, 182 Eric R. Taylor and Marshall L. Stoller 20 Patient Selection and Informed Consent, 190 Michael Conlin and Nicholas Tadros 21 Percutaneous Treatment of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma, 196 Steve Dong, Matthew Dunn, and Mihir Desai Section 4: Percutaneous Ablation of Renal Cell Cancer (Thermal and Nonthermal) 22 Epidemiology and Biology of Small Renal Masses, 205 Paul L. Crispen and Steven C. Campbell 23 Evolution of Evidence-based Outcomes for Percutaneous Management, 215 Matthew J. O’Shaughnessy, David A. Leavitt, and J. Kyle Anderson 24 Patient Selection and Informed Consent, 224 Humberto Laydner and Jihad H. Kaouk 25 Instrumentation and Technique: Cryotherapy, 229 Achim Lusch, Jane Cho, Michael A. Liss, Joseph Graversen, and Jaime Landman 26 Instrumentation and Technique: Hyperthermal Ablation: Radiofrequency and Microwave Ablation, 237 Arturo Castro Jr, Lawrence Jenkins, Obi Ekwenna, John Shields, Nelson Salas, and Raymond Leveillee 27 Instrumentation and Technique: High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound, 253 Robert W. Ritchie, Tom Leslie, David Cranston, and Mark Sullivan 28 Instrumentation and Technique: Laser, 262 Ramakrishna Venkatesh, Jason R. Bylund, and Stephen E. Strup 29 Instrumentation and Technique: Irreversible Electroporation, 268 Chad R. Tracy and Jeffrey A. Cadeddu 30 Instrumentation and Techniques in Renal Radiosurgery, 276 Matthew J. Maurice, Gino J. Vricella, and Lee E. Ponsky 31 Instrumentation and Technique: Renal Histotripsy, 281 William W. Roberts Index, 290

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis comprehensive volume provides the reader valuable insight into the major areas of biomedical nanomaterials, advanced nanomedicine, nanotheragnostics, and cutting-edge nanoscaffolds. The ability to control the structure of materials allows scientists to accomplish what once appeared impossible before the advent of nanotechnology. It is now possible to generate nanoscopic self-assembled and self-destructive robots for effective utilization in therapeutics, diagnostics, and biomedical implants. Nanoscopic therapeutic systems incorporate therapeutic agents, molecular targeting, and diagnostic imaging capabilities and they have emerged as the next generation of multifarious nanomedicine to improve the therapeutic outcome including chemo and translational therapy. Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery, Imaging, and Tissue Engineering comprises fifteen chapters authored by senior scientists, and is one of the first books to cover nanotheragnostics, which is the neTrade Review“The volume was written by many scientists working in the new area of nanotechnology. Each chapter has an extensive reference list and there is a short index at the end.” (Optics & Photonics News, 22 November 2013)Table of ContentsPreface xv Part I: Biomedical nanomaterials 1 Nanoemulsions: Preparation, Stability and Application in Biosciences 1 Thomas Delmas, Nicolas Atrux-Tallau, Mathieu Goutayer, SangHoon Han, Jin Woong Kim, and Jérôme Bibette 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Nanoemulsion:A Thermodynamic Definition and Its Practical Implications 5 1.2.1 Generalities on Emulsions 5 1.2.2 Nanoemulsion vs. Microemulsion, a Thermodynamic Definition 6 1.3 Stable Nanoemulsion Formulation 9 1.3.1 Nanoemulsion Production 9 1.3.2 Nanoemulsion Stability Rules 11 1.3.3 Nanoemulsion Formulation Domain 16 1.3.4 Conclusion on the Formulation of Stable Nanoemulsions 21 1.4 Nanoencapsulation in Lipid Nanoparticles 21 1.4.1 Aim ofActive Encapsulation 21 1.4.2 Lipid Complexity and Influence of Their Physical State 23 1.4.3 Amorphous Lipids for a Large Range of Encapsulated Molecules 27 1.4.4 Lipids Viscosity and Release 31 1.4.5 Conclusion on the Use ofAmorphous Lipid Matrices for Control OverActive Encapsulation and Release 34 1.5 Interactions between Nanoemulsions and the Biological Medium: Applications in Biosciences 35 1.5.1 Nanoemulsion Biocompatibility 35 1.5.2 Classical TargetingApproach by Chemical Grafting – Example of Tumor Cell Targeting by Crgd Peptide for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy 38 1.5.3 New ‘No Synthesis Chemistry’Approach – Example of Pal-KTTKS andAsiaticoside Targeting for CosmeticActives Delivery 41 1.5.4 Conclusion on Nanoemulsions Application in Biosciences 46 1.6 General Conclusion 47 References 48 2 Multifunctional Polymeric Nanostructures for Therapy and Diagnosis 57 Angel Contreras-García and Emilio Bucio 2.1 Introduction 58 2.2 Polymeric-based Core-shell Colloid 61 2.3 Proteins and Peptides 64 2.4 Drug Conjugates and Complexes with Synthetic Polymers 65 2.5 Dendrimers, Vesicles, and Micelles 67 2.5.1 Dendrimers 67 2.5.2 Vesicles 68 2.5.3 Micelles 70 2.6 Smart Nanopolymers 71 2.6.1 Temperature and pH Stimuli-responsive Nanopolymers 72 2.6.2 Hydrogels 72 2.6.3 Stimuli Responsive Biomaterials 73 2.6.4 Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 74 2.7 Stimuli Responsive Polymer-metal Nanocomposites 75 2.8 Enzyme-responsive Nanoparticles 78 Acknowledgements 83 References 83 3 Carbon Nanotubes: Nanotoxicity Testing and Bioapplications 97 R. Sharma and S. Kwon 3.1 Introduction 98 3.1.1 What is Nanotoxicity of Nanomaterials? 98 3.2 Historical Review of Carbon Nanotube 99 3.3 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and Other Carbon Nanomaterials 100 3.3.1 Physical Principles of Carbon Nanotube Surface Science 102 3.4 Motivation – Combining Nanotechnology and Surface Science with Growing Bioapplications 104 3.5 Cytotoxicity Measurement and Mechanisms of CNT Toxicity 111 3.1.6 In Vivo Studies on CNT Toxicity 113 3.1.7 Inflammatory Mechanism of CNT Cytoxicity 114 3.1.8 Characterization and Toxicity of SWCNT and MWCNT Carbon Nanotubes 116 3.6 MSCs Differentiation and Proliferation on Different Types of Scaffolds 120 3.6.1 An In Vivo Model CNT-Induced Inflammatory Response in Alveolar Co-culture System 122 3.6.2 Static Model: 3-Dimensional Tissue Engineered Lung 124 3.6.3 Dynamic Model: Integration of 3D Engineered Tissues into Cyclic Mechanical Strain Device 126 3.6.4 In Vivo MR Microimaging Technique of Rat Skin Exposed to CNT 127 3.7 New Lessons on CNT Nanocomposites 130 3.8 Conclusions 135 Part II: Advanced nanomedicine 4 Discrete Metalla-Assemblies as Drug Delivery Vectors 149 Bruno Therrien 4.1 Introduction 149 4.2 Complex-in-a-Complex Systems 150 4.3 Encapsulation of Pyrenyl-functionalized Derivatives 155 4.4 Exploiting the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect 159 4.5 Incorporation of Photosensitizers in Metalla-assemblies 162 4.6 Conclusion 165 Acknowledgments 165 References 166 5 Nanomaterials for Management of Lung Disorders and Drug Delivery 169 Jyothi U. Menon, Aniket S. Wadajkar, Zhiwe iXie, and Kytai T. Nguyen 5.1 Lung Structure and Physiology 170 5.2 Common Lung DiseasesAnd Treatment Methods 171 5.2.1 Lung Cancer 171 5.2.2 PulmonaryArterial Hypertension 172 5.2.3 Obstructive Lung Diseases 173 5.3 Types of Nanoparticles (NPs) 173 5.3.1 Liposomes 174 5.3.2 Micelles 176 5.3.3 Dendrimers 177 5.3.4 Polymeric Micro/Nanoparticles 177 5.4 Methods for Pulmonary Delivery 179 5.4.1 Nebulization 179 5.4.2 Metered Dose Inhalation (MDI) 182 5.4.3 Dry Powder Inhalation (DPI) 183 5.4.4 IntratrachealAdministration 183 5.5 Targeting Mechanisms 184 5.5.1 Passive Targeting 184 5.5.2 Active Targeting 185 5.5.3 Cellular Uptake Mechanisms 188 5.6 TherapeuticAgents Used for Delivery 188 5.6.1 ChemotherapeuticAgents 188 5.6.2 Bioactive Molecules 190 5.6.3 Combinational Therapy 190 5.7 Applications 191 5.7.1 Imaging/DiagnosticApplications 191 5.7.2 TherapeuticApplications 193 5.7.3 Lung Remodeling and Regeneration 194 5.8 Design Considerations of NPs 195 5.8.1 Half-life of NPs 195 5.8.2 Drug Release Mechanisms 195 5.8.3 Clearance Mechanisms in the Lung 196 5.9 Current Challenges and Future Outlook 197 6 Nano-Sized Calcium Phosphate (CaP) Carriers for Non-Viral Gene/Drug Delivery 199 Donghyun Lee, Geunseon Ahn and Prashant N. Kumta 6.1 Introduction 200 6.2 Vectors for Gene Delivery 202 6.2.1 Viral Vectors 203 6.2.2 Non-viral Vectors 203 6.2.3 Calcium Phosphate Vectors 205 6.3 Modulation of Protection and Release Characteristics of Calcium Phosphate Vector 213 6.4 Calcium Phosphate Carriers for Drug Delivery Systems 219 6.4.1 Antibiotics Delivery 219 6.4.2 Growth Factor Delivery 221 6.5 Variants of Nano-calcium Phosphates: Future Trends of the CaPDelivery Systems 221 Acknowledgements 223 References 223 7 Organics ModifiedMesoporous Silica for Controlled Drug Delivery Systems 233 Jingke Fu, Yang Zhao, Yingchun Zhu and Fang Chen 7.1 Introduction 233 7.2 Controlled Drug Delivery Systems Based on Organics Modified 7.2.1 MSNs-based Drug Delivery Systems Controlled by Physical Stimuli 238 7.2.2 MSNs-based Drug Delivery Systems Controlled by Chemical Stimuli 246 7.3 Conclusions 258 References 259 Part III: Nanotheragnostics 8 Responsive Polymer-Inorganic Hybrid Nanogels for Optical Sensing, Imaging, and Drug Delivery 263 Weitai Wu and Shuiqin Zhou 8.1 Introduction 264 8.2 Mechanisms of Response 268 8.2.1 Reception of an External Signal 268 8.2.2 Volume Phase Transition of the Hybrid Nanogels 275 8.2.4 Regulated Drug Delivery 282 8.3 Synthesis of Responsive Polymer-inorganic Hybrid Nanogels 285 8.3.1 Synthesis of the Hybrid Nanogels from Pre-synthesized Polymer Nanogels 285 8.3.2 Synthesis of the Hybrid Nanogels from Pre-synthesized Inorganic NPs 289 8.3.3 Synthesis of the Hybrid Nanogels by a Heterogeneous Polymerization Method 292 8.4 Applications 293 8.4.1 Responsive Polymer-inorganic Hybrid Nanogels in Optical Sensing 293 8.4.2 Responsive Polymer-inorganic Hybrid Nanogels in Diagnostic Imaging 299 8.4.3 Responsive Polymer-inorganic Hybrid Nanogels in Drug Delivery 301 References 306 9 Core/Shell Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Diagnosis 315 Hwanbum Lee, Jae Yeon Kim, Eun Hee Lee, Young In Park, Keun Sang Oh, Kwangmeyung Kim, Ick Chan Kwonand Soon Hong Yuk 9.2 Core/Shell NPs from Polymeric Micelles 319 9.2.1 Polymeric Micelles with Physical Drug Entrapment 319 9.2.2 Polymeric Micelles with Drug Conjugation 321 9.2.3 Polymeric Micelles Formed by Temperature-Induced Phase Transition 323 9.3 Phospholipid-based Core/Shell Nanoparticles 325 9.4 Layer-by-Layer-Assembled Core/Shell Nanoparticles 329 9.5 Core/Shell NPs for Diagnosis 330 9.4 Conclusions 331 Acknowledgments 331 References 331 10 Dendrimer Nanoparticles and Their Applications in Biomedicine 339 Arghya Paul, Wei Shao, Tom J. Burdon, Dominique Shum-Tim and Satya Prakash 10.1 Introduction 340 10.2 Dendrimers and Their Characteristics 341 10.3 Biomolecular Interactions of Dendrimer Nanocomplexes 343 10.3.1 Genes (siRNA/ANS/DNA) 344 10.3.2 Drugs and Pharmaceutics 345 10.4 PotentialApplications of Dendrimer in Nanomedicine 347 10.4.1 Delivery of Chemotherapeutics 347 10.4.2 Delivery of Biomolecules 348 10.4.3 Imaging 350 10.5 Conclusion 353 Acknowledgements 355 Indexing words 355 References 355 11 Theranostic Nanoparticles for Cancer Imaging and Therapy 363 Mami Murakami, Mark J. Ernsting and Shyh-Dar Li 11.1 Introduction 363 11.2 Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Noninvasive 11.2.1 Radiolabeled Nanoparticles 366 11.2.2 Fluorescence Imaging of Biodistribution 367 11.2.3 Multimodal Radiolabel and Fluorescence Imaging of Biodistribution 368 11.2.4 MRI Imaging of Biodistribution 369 11.2.5 Multimodal MRI and Fluorescence Imaging of Biodistribution 371 11.2.6 Multimodal Optical and CT Imaging of Biodistribution 372 11.2.7 Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Theranostics vs Diagnostics 373 11.3 Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Monitoring Drug Release 375 11.3.1 MRI imaging of Drug Release 375 11.3.2 Fluorescent Imaging of Drug Release 379 11.4 Theranostics to Image Therapeutic Response 380 11.5 Conclusion and Future Directions 382 Acknowledgement 383 References 383 Part IV: Nanoscaffolds technology 12 Nanostructure Polymers in Function Generating Substitute and Organ Transplants 389 S.K. Shukla 12.1 Introduction 389 12.2 Important Nanopolymers 391 12.2.1 Hydrogels 393 12.2.2 Bioceramics 394 12.2.3 Bioelastomers 395 12.2.4 Chitosan and Derivatives 396 12.2.5 Gelatine 396 12.3 MedicalApplications 397 12.3.1 Tissue Engineering for Function Generating 398 12.3.2 Tissue Engineering inArtificial Heart 400 12.3.3 Tissue Engineering in Nervous System 401 12.3.4 Bone Transplants 404 12.3.5 Kidney and Membrane Transplants 406 12.3.6 Miscellaneous 409 Acknowledgement 411 References 411 13 Electrospun Nanofiberfor Three Dimensional Cell Culture 417 Yashpal Sharma, Ashutosh Tiwari and Hisatoshi Kobayashi 13.1 Introduction 417 13.2 Nanofiber Scaffolds Fabrication Techniques 419 13.2.1 Self-Assembly 419 13.2.2 Phase Separation 421 13.2.3 Electrospinning 422 13.3 Parameters of Electrospinning Process 424 13.3.1 Viscosity or Concentration of the Polymeric Solution 424 13.3.2 Conductivity and the Charge Density 425 13.3.3 Molecular Weight of Polymer 425 13.3.4 Flow Rate 425 13.3.5 Distance from Tip to Collector 425 13.3.6 VoltageApplied 426 13.3.7 Environmental Factors 426 13.4 Electrospun Nanofibers for Three-dimensional Cell Culture 426 13.5 Conclusions 429 References 431 14 Magnetic Nanoparticles in Tissue Regeneration 435 Anuj Tripathi, Jose Savio Melo and Stanislaus Francis D’Souza 14.1 Introduction 435 14.2 Magnetic Nanoparticles: Physical Properties 438 14.3 Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles 440 14.4 Design and Structure of Magnetic Nanoparticles 443 14.5 Stability and Functionalization of Magnetic Nanoparticles 445 14.6 Cellular Toxicity of Magnetic Nanoparticles 450 14.7 Tissue EngineeringApplications of Magnetic Nanoparticles 453 14.7.1 Magnetofection 455 14.7.2 Cell-patterning 458 14.7.3 Magnetic Force-induced Tissue Fabrication 461 14.8 Challenges and Future Prospects 473 Acknowledgement 474 References 474 15 Core-sheath Fibersfor Regenerative Medicine 485 Rajesh Vasita and Fabrizio Gelain 15.1 Introduction 486 15.1.1 Tissue Engineering 487 15.1.2 Scaffold Fabrication Technology 488 15.2 Core-sheath Nanofiber Technology 489 15.2.1 Co-axial Electrospinning 491 15.2.2 Emulsion Electrospinning 501 15.2.3 Melt Co-axial Electrospinning 503 15.3Application of Core-sheath Nanofibers 504 15.3.1 Delivery of Bioactive Molecules 504 15.3.2 Tissue Engineering 513 15.4 Conclusions 519 References 519

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book acts as a self-contained resource for understanding the current technological advancement of biomaterials towards tissue engineering applications.Table of ContentsPreface xiii 1. Protocols for Biomaterial Scaffold Fabrication 1 Azadeh Seidi and Murugan Ramalingam 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Scaffolding Materials 4 1.3 Techniques for Biomaterial Scaffolds Fabrication 7 1.4 Summary 19 Acknowledgements 20 2. Ceramic Scaffolds, Current Issues and Future Trends 25 Seyed-Iman Roohani-Esfahani S. I. and Hala Zreiqat H. 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Essential Properties and Current Problems of Ceramic Scaffolds 27 2.3 Approaches to Overcome Ceramic Scaffolds Issues for the Next Generation of Scaffolds 30 2.4 Silk – a Bioactive Material 35 Acknowledgements 36 References 36 3. Preparation of Porous Scaffolds from Ice Particulate Templates for Tissue Engineering 47 Guoping Chen and Naoki Kawazoe 3.1 Introduction 48 3.2 Preparation of Porous Scaffolds Using Ice Particulates as Porogens 48 3.3 Preparation of Funnel-like Porous Scaffolds Using Embossed Ice Particulate Templates 51 3.4 Application of Funnel-like Porous Scaffolds in Three-dimensional Cell Culture 56 3.5 Application of Funnel-like Collagen Sponges in Cartilage Tissue Engineering 57 3.6 Summary 60 References 60 4. Fabrication of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 63 Naznin Sultana and Min Wang 4.1 Introduction 64 4.2 Materials for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 65 4.3 Fabrication Techniques for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 68 4.4 Fabrication of Pure Polymer Scaffolds via Emulsion Freezing/Freeze-drying and Characteristics of the Scaffolds 70 4.5 Fabrication of Polymer Blend Scaffolds via Emulsion Freezing/Freeze-drying and Characteristics of the Scaffolds 78 4.6 Fabrication of Nanocomposite Scaffolds via Emulsion Freezing/Freeze-drying and Characteristics of the Scaffolds 80 4.7 Surface Modification for PHBV-based Scaffolds 85 4.8 Concluding Remarks 87 Acknowledgments 87 References 88 5. Electrospun Nanofiber and Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering 91 Susan Liao, Seeram Ramakrishna and Murugan Ramalingam 5.1 Introduction 92 5.2 Biodegradable Materials for Tissue Engineering 93 5.3 Nanofibrous Scaffolds 97 5.4 Stem Cells: A Potential Tool for Tissue Engineering 109 5.5 Prospects 114 Acknowledgement 116 References 116 6. Materials at the Interface Tissue-implant 121 Antonio Peramo 6.1 Introduction 122 6.2 Description of the Tissue-device Interface 123 6.3 Expected Function of the Materials at the Interface and their Evaluation and Selection 125 6.4 Experimental Techniques for the Tissue-implant Interface 132 6.5 Conclusion 135 References 135 7. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Regeneration 139 Kalpana S. Katti, Avinash A. Ambre, and Dinesh R. Katti 7.1 Introduction 139 7.2 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 144 7.3 Understanding the Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) 149 7.4 Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Culture 152 7.5 Characterization of MSCs 155 7.6 MSCs in Bone Remodeling, Fracture Repair and their Use in Bone Tissue Engineering Applications 158 7.7 Influence of External Stimuli on MSC Behavior 159 7.8 Perspectives on Future of hMSCs in Tissue Engineering 161 References 162 8. Endochondral Bone Tissue Engineering 167 Sanne K. Both, Fang Yang, and John A. Jansen 8.1 Introduction 167 8.2 Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells 171 8.3 Scaffolds 175 8.4 Summary 181 References 182 9. Principles, Applications, and Technology of Craniofacial Bone Engineering 185 Mona K. Marei, Mohamed A. Alkhodary, Rania M. Elbackly, Samer H. Zaky, Admed M. Eweida, Muhammad A. Gad, Maglaa Abdel-Wahed and Yasser M. Kahad 9.1 Introduction 186 9.2 Road Map for the Application of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine for Craniofacial Bone Regeneration 197 9.3 Stem Cell-based Craniofacial Bone Engineering 201 9.4 Biomaterial-based Therapy in Craniofacial Bone Engineering 208 9.5 Principles of Imaging in Craniofacial Bone Regeneration 214 9.6 Current Clinical Application and Future Direction in the Field of Craniofacial Bone Engineering 222 9.7 Future Prospects 227 9.8 Economics and Marketing 227 9.9 Conclusions 228 References 228 10. Functionally-Graded Biomimetic Vascular Grafts for Enhanced Tissue Regeneration and Bio-integration 237 Vinoy Thomas and Yogesh K. Vohra 10.1 Introduction 238 10.2 Approaches in Vascular Tissue Engineering 239 10.3 Nanostructured Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering 241 10.4 Functionally-Graded Tubular Scaffolds 249 10.5 Summary and Future Outlook 268 Acknowledgements 269 List of Abbreviations Used 270 References 271 11. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors in Tissue Engineering: Challenges and Prospects for Therapeutic Angiogenesis 277 Ekaterina S. Lifirsu, Murugan Ramalingam, and Ziyad S. Haidar 11.1 Introduction 278 11.2 VEGF and Angiogenesis 278 11.3 VEGF Family 279 11.4 VEGF Therapy 281 11.5 VEGF Delivery Systems 282 11.6 Soft versus hard Tissues 284 11.7 Concluding Remarks 289 References 292

Read more less

Book SynopsisMost medicines have never been adequately tested for safety and efficacy in pediatric populations and preterm, infants and children are particularly vulnerable to adverse drug reactions.Pediatric Drug Development: Concepts and Applications, Second Edition, addresses the unique challenges in conducting effective drug research and development in pediatric populations.This new edition covers the legal and ethical issues of consent and assent, the additional legal and safety protections for children, and the appropriate methods of surveillance and assessment for children of varying ages and maturity, particularly for patient reported outcomes. It includes new developments in biomarkers and surrogate endpoints, developmental pharmacology and other novel aspects of global pediatric drug development. It also encompasses the new regulatory initiatives across EU, US and ROW designed to encourage improved access to safe and effective medicines for children globaTable of ContentsList of Contributors Preface Part I: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF PEDIATRIC DRUG DEVELOPMENT 1 Pediatric Drug Development and Therapeutics: Continued Progress for Better Drugs for Children Andrew E. Mulberg, Lisa Mathis, Julia Dunne and Dianne Murphy 2 History of Children and the Development of Regulations at the FDA Robert M. Ward and Steven Hirschfeld 3 Population Dynamics, Demographics, and Disease Burden of Infants and Children Across the World Ashley Malins and Christopher-Paul Milne 4 Pharmaceutical Economics and Market Access for Pediatric Medications Christopher-Paul Milne and Ashley Malins 5 The Global Pediatric Market and Drivers of Pediatric Drug Development E. Michael D. Scott 6 Industry Benchmarks in Pediatric Clinical Trials Carolyn A. Campen and Cindy Levy-Petelinkar Part II: ETHICAL UNDERPINNINGS 7 Ethical and practical considerations in conducting neonatal research Michelle Roth-Cline and Robert M. Nelson 8 Ethical considerations in conducting pediatric research Michelle Roth-Cline and Robert M. Nelson 9 The Consent and Assent Process in Pediatric Clinical Trials M. Renee Simar Part III: REGULATORY GUIDELINES FOR PEDIATRIC DRUG DEVELOPMENT 10 A Sponsor’s Perspective of US Regulations Samuel Maldonado 11 FDA experience of extrapolation of efficacy to the pediatric population from adult and other data Julia Dunne, William J. Rodriguez and Dianne Murphy 12 Accelerated Approval and other regulatory approaches to the development of drugs for serious or life-threatening diseases in pediatrics Therese Cvetkovich 13 Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs Anne R. Pariser and Lynne P. Yao 14 European Perspective Agnès Saint-Raymond 15 Five years of pediatric legislation in the European Union Agnès Saint-Raymond and Ralf Herold 16 Japanese Perspective Hidefumi Nakamura and Shunsuke Ono 17 Pediatric Device Development in the United States Priya Venkataraman-Rao and Joy Samuels-Reid Part IV: PRECLINICAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT 18 Introduction and Overview Timothy P. Coogan and Melissa S. Tassinari 19 Juvenile Animal Toxicity Assessments: Decision Strategies and Study Design Luc M. De Schaepdrijver, Graham P. Bailey, Timothy P. Coogan and Jennifer L. Ingram-Ross 20 Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME) and Pharmacokinetic Assessments in Juvenile Animals Loeckie L. de Zwart, Johan G. Monbaliu and Pieter P. Annaert 21 A Global Regulatory Perspective Karen Davis-Bruno, Jacqueline Carleer, Beatriz Silva Lima and Melissa S. Tassinari 22 Disease specific models to enhance Pediatric drug development Niraj R. Mehta and Sruthi King Part V: PHARMACOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES IN PEDIATRIC DRUG DEVELOPMENT 23 Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology in Regulatory and Drug Development Sciences: Lessons learned and the Path Forward Gilbert J. Burckart and Jeremiah Momper 24 Development and Clinical Trial Design Kathleen A. Neville, Ralph E. Kauffman, and Susan M. Abdel-Rahman 25 Developmental Hepatic Pharmacology in Pediatrics Martin Otto Behm 26 Applications of Population Pharmacokinetics for Pediatric Drug Development Jeremiah Momper, Gilbert J. Burckart and Pravin Jadhav 27 Applications of Pharmacogenomics to Pediatric Drug Development Gilbert J. Burckart, Dionna Green and Padmaja Mummaneni 28 Pharmacometrics Applications to Pediatric Trials Devin Pastoor, Mallika Lala, Jogarao V.S. Gobburu Part VI: CLINICAL TRIAL OPERATIONS 29 Brain and Central Nervous System Development: Physiological Considerations for Assessment of Long-Term Safety Kachikwu Illoh 30 Cognitive Development Considerations for Long-Term Safety Exposures in Children Mary Pipan, Paul Wang, and Rebecca Thompson-Penna 31 Cardiovascular and QTc Issues Bert Suys and Luc Dekie 32 Pediatric bone and adult bone – physiological differences Francisco A. Sylvester and Erica L. Wynn 33 Renal Function Issues Katia Boven 34 Growth and Physical Development Alisha J. Rovner and Babette S. Zemel 35 Development of Drugs for Pediatric Cancers Kristen M. Snyder, Martha Donoghue, Whitney S. Helms, and Gregory Reaman Part VII: CLINICAL TRIAL OPERATIONS AND GOOD CLINICAL TRIALS 36 Recruitment and Retention in Pediatric Clinical Trials: Focus on Networks in the US and EU Rosalind L. Smyth, Geetinder Kaur, Daniel Benjamin Jr, and Matthew Laughon 37 Recruitment and Retention of Minority populations in Clinical Trials Benjamin Ortiz and Sergio Guerrero 38 Conducting Clinical Trials in Developing and Emerging Countries: Review and Case Study Kevin D. Hill and Jennifer S. Li 39 The Importance of Geographic Differences in Pediatric Clinical Trials Alexandar Cvetkovich Muntañola Part VIII: CLINICAL EFFICACY AND SAFETY ENDPOINTS 40 Clinical Laboratory Testing in Clinical Trials for Pediatric Subjects Andrew E. Mulberg and Ethan D. Hausman 41 Surrogate Endpoints: Application in Pediatric Clinical Trials Geert Molenberghs 42 Clinical Outcome Assessments for Clinical Trials in Children Elektra J. Papadopoulos, Donald L. Patrick, Melissa S. Tassinari, Andrew E. Mulberg, Carla Epps, Anne R. Pariser and Laurie B. Burke 43 Challenges in Evaluating the Safety of Pediatric Therapeutic Agents in Trials and Post-Marketing Studies Ann W. McMahon, Chris Feudtner and Dianne Murphy 44 Endpoints in Rare Diseases Anne R. Pariser and Lynne P. Yao Part IX: FORMULATION, CHEMISTRY, AND MANUFACTURING CONTROLS 45 Formulation, Chemistry, and Manufacturing Controls Gerard P. McNally and Aniruddha M. Railkar 46 Drug Delivery Challenges for the Pediatric Patient: Novel Forms for Consideration Ann Zajicek 47 The Jelly Bean Test: A Novel Technique To Help Children Swallow Medications Robbyn E. Sockolow and Aliza B. Solomon Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisDiabetes Mellitus and Oral Health: An Interprofessional Approach is a practical tool for dentists and dental hygienists providing oral health care to patients with diabetes mellitus. Firmly grounded in the latest evidence, the book addresses medical considerations, dental considerations, and case scenarios from clinical practice in three easily accessible sections.The first section on medical considerations reviews the definition of diabetes and discusses underlying pathologic mechanisms, classification, diagnosis, and medical complications of the disease. It also promotes the comprehensive management of patients with diabetes in the dental office, with a thorough discussion of lifestyle changes and medications used to treat diabetes.The second section on dental considerations provides guidance on how treat patients with diabetes. Oral complications will be covered in detail, with a focus on management and treatment strategies that can be used in the dTable of ContentsContributors ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction xiii Section 1 Medical considerations 1 1 Etiology of diabetes mellitus 3Ravichandran Ramasamy and Ann Marie Schmidt 2 Classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and risk factors of diabetes 27Jeffrey M. Curtis and William C. Knowler 3 Medical complications of diabetes mellitus 45Lewis W. Johnson and Ruth S. Weinstock 4 Glycemic treatment of diabetes mellitus 69Harpreet Kaur and Ruth S. Weinstock Section 2 Dental considerations 97 5 Management of the patient with diabetes mellitus in the dental office 99Brian L. Mealey 6 Periodontal disease as a complication of diabetes mellitus 121George W. Taylor, Dana T. Graves, and Ira B. Lamster 7 The influence of periodontal disease on glycemic control in diabetes 143Dana Wolf and Evanthia Lalla 8 Non-periodontal oral complications of diabetes mellitus 157Ira B. Lamster 9 Identification of dental patients with undiagnosed diabetes 191Evanthia Lalla, Dana Wolf, and Ira B. Lamster Section 3 Case reports 203 Case 1 A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is seen for dental care 205Ira B. Lamster, Nurit Bittner, and Daniel Lorber Case 2 A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus requires oral surgery 209Ira B. Lamster, Nurit Bittner, and Daniel Lorber Case 3 A patient with diabetes mellitus has a hypoglycemic episode in the dental office 215Ira B. Lamster, Nurit Bittner, and Daniel Lorber Case 4 The patient with diabetes mellitus and xerostomia 221Ira B. Lamster, Nurit Bittner, and Daniel Lorber Case 5 A patient diagnosed with diabetes mellitus after comprehensive prosthodontic rehabilitation 229Ira B. Lamster, Nurit Bittner, and Daniel Lorber Case 6 Prosthodontic treatment for the newly diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus 237Ira B. Lamster, Nurit Bittner, and Daniel Lorber Index 247

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis publication offers a unique approach that links the materials science of bioceramics to clinical needs and applications.Providing a structured account of this highly active area of research, the book reviews the clinical applications in bone tissue engineering, bone regeneration, joint replacement, drug-delivery systems and biomimetism, this book is an ideal resource for materials scientists and engineers, as well as for clinicians.From the contents:Part I Introduction1. Bioceramics2. Biomimetics Part II Materials 3. Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics4. Silica-based Ceramics: Glasses5. Silica-based Ceramics: Mesoporous Silica6. Alumina, Zirconia, and Other Non-oxide Inert Bioceramics7. Carbon-based Materials in Biomedicine Part III Material Shaping 8. Cements9. Bioceramic Coatings for Medical Implants10. Scaffold Designing Part IV Research on Future CeraTable of ContentsList of Contributors xiii Preface xv Part I Introduction 1 1. Bioceramics 3 María Vallet-Regí 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Reactivity of the Bioceramics 4 1.3 First, Second, and Third Generations of Bioceramics 6 1.4 Multidisciplinary Field 7 1.5 Solutions for Bone Repairing 8 1.6 Biomedical Engineering 13 Recommended Reading 15 2. Biomimetics 17 María Vallet-Regí 2.1 Biomimetics 17 2.2 Formation of Hard Tissues 18 2.3 Biominerals versus Biomaterials 19 Recommended Reading 22 Part II Materials 23 3. Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics 25 Daniel Arcos 3.1 History of Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials 25 3.2 Generalities of Calcium Phosphates 26 3.3 In vivo Response of Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics 28 3.4 Calcium Hydroxyapatite-Based Bioceramics 30 3.4.1 Stoichiometric Hydroxyapatite (HA) 31 3.4.2 Calcium Deficient Hydroxyapatites (CDHA) 37 3.4.3 Carbonated Hydroxyapatites (CHA) 39 3.4.4 Silicon-Substituted Hydroxyapatite (Si-HA) 40 3.4.5 Hydroxyapatites of Natural Origin 45 3.5 Tricalcium Phosphate-Based Bioceramics 50 3.5.1 -Tricalcium Phosphate (-TCP) 50 3.5.2 -Tricalcium Phosphate (-TCP) 53 3.6 Biphasic Calcium Phosphates (BCP) 55 3.6.1 Chemical and Structural Properties 55 3.6.2 Preparation Methods 56 3.6.3 Clinical Applications 56 3.7 Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles 57 3.7.1 General Properties and Scope of Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles 57 3.7.2 Preparation Methods of CaP Nanoparticles 58 3.7.3 Clinical Applications 60 3.8 Calcium Phosphate Advanced Biomaterials 60 3.8.1 Scaffolds for in situ Bone Regeneration and Tissue Engineering 60 3.8.2 Drug Delivery Systems 62 References 65 4. Silica-based Ceramics: Glasses 73 Antonio J. Salinas 4.1 Introduction 73 4.1.1 What Is a Glass? 73 4.1.2 Properties of Glasses 75 4.1.3 Structure of Glasses 75 4.1.4 Synthesis of Glasses 76 4.2 Glasses as Biomaterials 78 4.2.1 First Bioactive Glasses (BGs): Melt-Prepared Glasses (MPGs) 79 4.2.2 Other Bioactive MPGs 80 4.2.3 Bioactivity Index and Network Connectivity 80 4.2.4 Mechanism of Bioactivity 81 4.3 Increasing the Bioactivity of Glasses: New Methods of Synthesis 82 4.3.1 Sol–Gel Glasses (SGGs) 82 4.3.2 Composition, Texture, and Bioactivity of SSGs 84 4.3.3 Biocompatibility of SGGs 86 4.3.4 SGGs as Bioactivity Accelerators in Biphasic Materials 86 4.3.5 Template Glasses (TGs) Bioactive Glasses with Ordered Mesoporosity 88 4.3.6 Atomic Length Scale in BGs: How the Local Structure Affects Bioactivity 91 4.3.7 New Reformulation of Hench’s Mechanism for TGs 93 4.3.8 Including Therapeutic Inorganic Ions in the Glass Composition 94 4.4 Strengthening and Adding New Capabilities to Bioactive Glasses 95 4.4.1 Glass Ceramics (GCs) 95 4.4.2 Composites Containing Bioactive Glasses 97 4.4.3 Sol–Gel Organic–Inorganic Hybrids (O-IHs) 98 4.5 Non-silicate Glasses 99 4.5.1 Phosphate Glasses 99 4.5.2 Borate Glasses 100 4.6 Clinical Applications of Glasses 101 4.6.1 Bioactive Silica Glasses 101 4.6.2 Inert Silica Glasses 106 4.6.3 Phosphate Glasses 106 4.6.4 Borate Glasses 107 Recommended Reading 107 5. Silica-based Ceramics: Mesoporous Silica 109 Montserrat Colilla 5.1 Introduction 109 5.2 Discovery of Ordered Mesoporous Silicas 110 5.3 Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Silicas 111 5.3.1 Hydrothermal Synthesis 112 5.3.2 Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly (EISA) Method 119 5.4 Mechanisms of Mesostructure Formation 119 5.5 Tuning the Structural Properties of Mesoporous Silicas 122 5.5.1 Micellar Mesostructure 123 5.5.2 Type of Mesoporous Structure 128 5.5.3 Mesopore Size 131 5.6 Structural Characterization of Mesoporous Silicas 132 5.7 Synthesis of Spherical Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles 135 5.7.1 Aerosol-Assisted Synthesis 136 5.7.2 Modified Stöber Method 137 5.8 Organic Functionalization of Ordered Mesoporous Silicas 138 5.8.1 Post-synthesis Functionalization (“Grafting”) 139 5.8.2 Co-condensation (“One-Pot” Synthesis) 140 5.8.3 Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas 141 References 141 6. Alumina, Zirconia, and Other Non-oxide Inert Bioceramics 153 Juan Peña López 6.1 A Perspective on the Clinical Application of Alumina and Zirconia 153 6.1.1 Alumina 155 6.1.2 Zirconia 158 6.2 Novel Strategies Based on Alumina and Zirconia Ceramics 160 6.2.1 From Alumina Toughened Zirconia to Alumina Matrix Composite 160 6.2.2 Introduction of Different Species in Zirconia 161 6.2.3 Improvement of Surface Adhesion 162 6.3 Non-oxidized Ceramics 163 6.3.1 Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) 163 6.3.2 Silicon Carbide (SiC) 164 References 164 7. Carbon-based Materials in Biomedicine 175 Mercedes Vila 7.1 Introduction 175 7.2 Carbon Allotropes 175 7.2.1 Pyrolytic Carbon 176 7.2.2 Carbon Fibers 177 7.2.3 Fullerenes 177 7.2.4 Carbon Nanotubes 179 7.2.5 Graphene 181 7.2.6 Diamond and Amorphous Carbon 184 7.3 Carbon Compounds 186 7.3.1 Silicon Carbide 186 7.3.2 Boron Carbide 187 7.3.3 Tungsten Carbide 188 References 188 Part III Material Shaping 193 8. Cements 195 Oscar Castaño and Josep A. Planell Abbreviations 195 Glossary 196 8.1 Introduction 197 8.1.1 Brief History 197 8.1.2 Definition and Chemistry 199 8.1.3 Description of the Different CaP Cements 200 8.1.4 State of the Art 201 8.2 Calcium Phosphate Cements 206 8.2.1 Types 206 8.2.2 Mechanisms 206 8.2.3 Relevant Experimental Variables 207 8.2.4 Material Characterization 211 8.2.5 Reaction Evolution of Cements 220 8.2.6 Additives and Strategies to Enhance Properties 222 8.2.7 Biological Characterization and Bioactive Behavior 224 8.3 Applications 229 8.3.1 Bone Defect Repair 229 8.3.2 Drug Delivery Systems 232 8.4 Future Trends 232 8.5 Conclusions 233 References 234 9. Bioceramic Coatings for Medical Implants 249 M. Victoria Cabañas 9.1 Introduction 249 9.2 Methods to Modify the Surface of an Implant 250 9.2.1 Deposited Coatings 251 9.2.2 Conversion Coatings 257 9.3 Bioactive Ceramic Coatings 258 9.3.1 Clinical Applications 259 9.3.2 Calcium Phosphates-Based Coatings 260 9.3.3 Silica-based Coatings: Glass and Glass-Ceramics 268 9.3.4 Bioactive Ceramic Layer Formation on a Metallic Substrate 270 9.4 Bioinert Ceramic Coatings 272 9.4.1 Titanium Nitride and Zirconia Coatings 273 9.4.2 Carbon-based Coatings 275 References 279 10. Scaffold Designing 291 Isabel Izquierdo-Barba 10.1 Introduction 291 10.2 Essential Requirements for Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 293 10.3 Scaffold Processing Techniques 296 10.3.1 Foam Scaffolds 297 10.3.2 Rapid Prototyping Scaffolds 301 10.3.3 Electrospinning Scaffolds 305 References 307 Part IV Research on Future Ceramics 315 11. Bone Biology and Regeneration 317 Soledad Pérez-Amodio and Elisabeth Engel 11.1 Introduction 317 11.2 The Skeleton 318 11.3 Bone Remodeling 320 11.4 Bone Cells 322 11.4.1 Bone Lining Cells 322 11.4.2 Osteoblasts 323 11.4.3 Osteocytes 323 11.4.4 Osteoclasts 324 11.5 Bone Extracellular Matrix 327 11.6 Bone Diseases 327 11.6.1 Osteoporosis 328 11.6.2 Paget’s Disease 329 11.6.3 Osteomalacia 329 11.6.4 Osteogenesis Imperfecta 329 11.7 Bone Mechanics 329 11.8 Bone Tissue Regeneration 333 11.8.1 Calcium Phosphate and Silica-based Bioceramics 333 11.8.2 Bioactive Glasses 334 11.8.3 Calcium Phosphate Cements 335 11.9 Conclusions 336 References 336 12. Ceramics for Drug Delivery 343 Miguel Manzano 12.1 Introduction 343 12.2 Drug Delivery 344 12.3 Drug Delivery from Calcium Phosphates 346 12.3.1 Drug Delivery from Hydroxyapatite 346 12.3.2 Drug Delivery from Tricalcium Phosphates 348 12.3.3 Drug Delivery from Calcium Phosphate Cements 348 12.4 Drug Delivery from Silica-based Ceramics 351 12.4.1 Drug Delivery from Glasses 351 12.4.2 Drug Delivery from Mesoporous Silica 355 12.5 Drug Delivery from Carbon Nanotubes 363 12.6 Drug Delivery from Ceramic Coatings 365 References 366 13. Ceramics for Gene Transfection 383 Blanca González 13.1 Gene Transfection 383 13.2 Gene Transfection Based on Nonviral Vectors 386 13.3 Ceramic Nanoparticles for Gene Transfection 388 13.3.1 Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles 391 13.3.2 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles 393 13.3.3 Carbon Allotropes (Fullerenes, CNTs, Graphene Oxide) 397 13.3.4 Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles 403 References 410 14. Ceramic Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment 421 Alejandro Baeza 14.1 Delivery of Nanocarriers to Solid Tumors 421 14.1.1 Special Issues of Tumor Vasculature: Enhanced Permeation and Retention Effect (EPR) 422 14.1.2 Tumor Microenvironment 423 14.2 Ceramic Nanoparticle Pharmacokinetics in Cancer Treatment 424 14.2.1 Biodistribution and Excretion/Clearance Pathways 424 14.2.2 Toxicity of the Ceramic Nanoparticles 426 14.3 Cancer-targeted Therapy 428 14.3.1 Endocytic Mechanism of Targeted Drug Delivery 428 14.3.2 Specific Tumor Active Targeting 430 14.3.3 Angiogenesis-associated Active Targeting 432 14.4 Ceramic Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment 434 14.4.1 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles 434 14.4.2 Calcium Phosphates Nanoparticles 440 14.4.3 Carbon Allotropes 440 14.4.4 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Hyperthermia 442 14.5 Imaging and Theranostic Applications 443 References 446 Index 457

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Handbook of Dermatology consolidates the essential information required for best-practice patient care into one pocket-sized volume. This indispensable reference guide enables practicing and prospective dermatologists to easily look up information on a wide range of dermatological diseases and quickly access the algorithms, protocols, guidelines, and staging and scoring systems that are vital to both clinical practice and exam success. Written and edited by former residents and attending physicians, the Handbook contains up-to-date information on general dermatology, surgery, and therapeutics.Table of ContentsPreface xv Acknowledgments xvii Part 1 General Dermatology 1 Common Work-Ups, Signs, and Management 3 Dermatologic Differential Algorithm 3 Direct Immunofluorescence (Dif) 3 False positive/negative DIFs 3 Workup Quick Reference Orders 4 Acne 6 Alopecia Workup 7 Telogen effluvium 10 Androgenic alopecia 10 Alopecia areata 11 Other alopecia treatments 12 Aphthosis Workup and Treatment 13 Dermatologic Signs 15 Folliculitis 21 Melasma 22 Immunology and Immunologic Disease 24 Lupus Erythematosus 24 Autoantibody 26 Sensitivities and specificities 26 In connective tissue diseases 28 Anti‐nuclear antibodies 29 ANCA (Anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) 30 Treatment of ANCA‐associated vasculitis 30 Vasculitis 31 Small vessel vasculitis 31 Medium vessel vasculitis 33 Large vessel vasculitis 34 Cryoglobulinemia 34 Bullous Disorders 36 Intracorneal/subcorneal 36 Intraepidermal 36 Suprabasilar 37 Subepidermal with little inflammation 37 Epidermolysis bullosa 39 Major bullous diseases – clinicopathologic findings 42 Complement 46 Angioedema and complement levels 46 Complement deficiencies 47 GVHD 47 HLA associations 48 Th profiles 50 Special Sites: Glands, Nail, Bone, Mucosa 51 Glands 51 Nail terminology 53 Disorders or drugs associated with nail, Bone, or ocular findings 57 Genital ulcers 67 Infection and Infestations 68 Fungal Disease / Mycoses 68 Laboratory tests 68 Superficial mycoses 68 Cutaneous mycoses 69 Subcutaneous mycoses 71 Systemic mycoses 73 Opportunistic mycoses 75 Viruses and diseases 78 Human papilloma virus 79 Other viral diseases 80 Infections/Bugs 83 Vector‐borne diseases 83 Creatures in dermatology 88 Contact and Plant Dermatitis 93 Patch testing 93 Common contact allergens 95 Allergic vs. irritant contact dermatitis 104 Allergens – location specific 105 Features suggestive of specific irritant/toxin 106 Plants and Dermatoses 106 Tumors and Infiltrates 109 Cutaneous T Cell Lyphoma 109 Cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma 113 Leukemia cutis 113 Monoclonal Gammopathies in Dermatology 114 Tumors and gene associations 115 For Melanoma, BCC, and SCC, see Skin Cancer 221 Systemic and Metabolic Diseases 117 Amyloidoses 117 Histiocytosis 119 Xanthomas 124 Hyperlipoproteinemias 125 Vitamin Deficiencies/Hypervitaminoses 127 Pediatric and Pregnancy Dermatology 131 Vascular tumors and malformation 131 Infantile Hemangioma (IH) Management 132 Neonatal vesiculopustular eruptions 137 Genodermatoses 142 Chromosome abnormalities 171 Disorders of cornification 171 Disorders of connective tissue 175 Ehlers–Danlos 177 Collagen types 178 Disorder of hair, Nail, ectoderm 179 Tumor syndromes 185 Disorders of vascularization 186 Disorders of metabolism 189 Porphyrias 191 Disorders of pigmentation 193 Immunodeficiency syndromes 196 Miscellaneous 198 Dermatoses of pregnancy 200 Dermoscopy and Dermatopathology 202 Dermoscopy 202 Dermatopathology 206 Histochemical staining 206 Immunohistochemical staining 207 Pathologic bodies 210 Cysts 214 Other derm path buzzwords, Patterns, DDx 215 Part 2 Surgical and Cosmetic Dermatology 219 Surgical Dermatology 221 Skin cancer 221 Surgical margin guidelines 221 Indication for Mohs micrographic surgery 222 Melanoma 223 Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) 228 Prophylactic antibiotics and antivirals 230 Guideline for Prophylactic antibiotics 230 Algorithm for antibiotic prophylaxis 231 Guideline for prophylactic antivirals 231 Antiseptic scrubs 232 Anesthetics 234 Dose calculation 234 Standard formula for buffered Lidocaine 234 Tumescent anesthesia 234 Topical anesthetic (see drug section pg. 316) 235 Adverse reaction to local anesthetics 235 Local anesthetic 236 Nerve blocks 237 Surgical anatomy 237 Anatomy of the face 237 Danger zones in surgery 242 Dermatomal distribution of sensory nerves 244 Anatomy of the lower extremity venous system 245 Anatomy of the nail 246 Cutaneous reconstruction 247 Undermining depths in reconstruction 248 Reconstruction algorithm: STAIRS 248 Sutures 260 Absorbable 260 Nonabsorbable 261 Suture removal time 262 Electrosurgery 262 Wound healing 262 Wound dressing 263 Cosmetic Dermatology 264 Laser 264 Laser fundamentals 264 Laser treatment of tattoo pigment 266 Photoinduced eye injury 267 Laser wavelength depth of penetration and the electromagnetic spectrum 268 Absorption spectra of major skin chromophores 268 Photodynamic therapy 269 Photosensitizer properties and options 269 PDT Protocol 270 UV spectrum 271 UV spectrum and wavelengths 271 UVB protection vs SPF 272 UV protection measurements 272 UV associations/specificities 273 Glogau wrinkle scale 273 Fitzpatrick skin type 274 Chemical peels 274 Pre‐peel consideration 274 Peeling agents 275 Botulinum toxin 277 Injectable for adipolysis 280 Fillers 281 Protocol for vascular occlusion from fillers 288 Venous disease treatment 288 Vein treatment algorithm 288 Sclerotherapy 289 Preparing dilution of sclerosants 290 CEAP classification for venous disease 292 Venous clinical severity score 292 Part 3 Drugs and Therapies 293 Medication Quick Reference 295 Topical steroids classified by strength 295 Nonsteroidals 297 Commonly used drugs in dermatology 297 Systemic Medications 302 Antimalarials 302 Immunosuppressive agents 303 Systemic retinoids 306 Biologics 307 General Reference 310 Metric measurements 310 Dose calculations 310 Topical medication dispensing and absorption 310 Corticosteroid Dosage Equivalence 311 Acne – Topical 311 Antibiotics/antimicrobial 311 Keratolytics 312 Retinoids 313 Others 313 Acne – Oral 314 Antibiotics 314 Retinoids 315 Others 315 Analgesics 315 Anesthetics – topical (see also topical anesthetic pg. 235) 316 Anesthetics – topical compounded 316 Antibiotics 316 Topical/antiseptic 316 Systemic 317 Preoperative prophylaxis see pg. 230 Postoperative skin infection 319 Sensitivity 321 Regimens 322 STDs 323 Antifungals 324 Topical 324 Oral 325 Antifungal regimens 327 Candidal infection 327 Pityrosporum folliculitis 327 Onychomycosis 327 Tinea versicolor (Malassezia) 328 Tinea capitis 328 Tinea corporis 328 Tinea pedis 329 Antiparasitics 330 Scabies 330 Lice 330 Antivirals 331 HSV 331 Herpes zoster/VZV 333 Genital warts 333 Verruca vulgaris 334 Molluscum 334 Antihistamines 334 Sedating 335 Nonsedating 335 H2‐blockers 335 Antipruritic 336 Topical 336 Oral 336 Anxiolytics/Sedation 338 Benzodiazepines 338 Antihistamines 339 Bleaching Agents/Depigmenting Agents 340 Hair 341 Alopecia – androgenic 341 Alopecia – areata 341 Hypertrichosis 342 Hypotrichosis – eyelash 342 Hyperhidrosis 342 Psoriasis 343 Topical agents 343 Tar 343 Anthralin/dithranol 343 Systemic agents 343 (see also Systemic Medications pg. 306) Rosacea 344 Antibiotics/antimicrobial – topical 344 Keratolytics 344 Vasoconstrictor 344 Other 344 Antibiotics – systemic 344 Seborrheic Dermatitis 345 Skin Cancer – Topical and Oral Chemotherapy 345 Actinic keratoses (AK) 345 Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) 346 CTCL 346 Melanoma 347 Vasoactive/Antiplatelet Agents 347 Vitamins/Nutritional Supplements 348 Wound Care 348 Miscellaneous Meds 348 Cytochrome P‐450 interactions 349 Pregnancy Categories of Commonly Used Dermatologic Agents 350 Common Dermatologic Drugs and Teratogenic Effects 351 Dermatologic Drugs Reportedly Associated with Contraceptive Failure 352 Drug Eruptions 352 Chemotherapeutic Agents and Skin Changes 355 Antidote to extravasation of chemotherapeutic agents 358 UV Light Treatment 359 UVA/UVB dosing 359 NBUVB dosing 359 PUVA 359 Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) Protocol 361 Diagnosis of TEN 361 Triage algorithm for TEN patients 362 Treatment for all TEN patients 363 Appendix I American Burn Assocation Burn Center Referral Criteria 364 Appendix SCORTEN Score 365 Appendix III IVIg 365 Appendix IV Further Reading for TEN/SJS 366 Index 367 Color plate section can be found facing page 208

Read more less

Book SynopsisProvides urologists of all levels with a practical, highly clinical guide to the variety of different symptoms and problems concerning the male lower urinary tract, including benign prostatic hyperplasia, one of the conditions that urologists most regularly encounter.Table of ContentsContributors, vii 1 Etiology and Pathogenesis, 1 Robert H. Getzenberg & Prakash Kulkarni 2 Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Epidemiology, Correlates, and Risk Factors, 10 Raymond C. Rosen & Benjamin N. Breyer 3 Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: United States, 22 Christopher P. Filson & John T. Wei 4 Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Europe, 37 Stavros Gravas & Jean J. M. C. H. de la Rosette 5 Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Primary Care, 47 Matt T. Rosenberg, John B. Riley & Marty M. Miner 6 Watchful Waiting, 59 Reginald Bruskewitz 7 α-Adrenergic Antagonists for Lower Urinary Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, 70 Nathaly François, Raunak D. Patel & Kevin T. McVary 8 5α-Reductase Inhibitors, 90 Claudius Füllhase & Roberto Soler 9 Antimuscarinics, 100 Nadir I. Osman & Christopher R. Chapple 10 The Use of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, 113 Casey Lythgoe & Kevin T. McVary 11 Combination Medical Therapy for Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, 129 Claus G. Roehrborn 12 Complementary Therapy, 154 Aaron E. Katz & Anne Darves-Bornoz 13 Open Simple Prostatectomy, 164 Annika Herlemann, Matthias Oelke & Christian Gratzke 14 Minimally Invasive Therapies, 175 Mauro Gacci, Matteo Salvi and Arcangelo Sebastianelli 15 Holmium Laser Prostatectomy, 184 Simon van Rij & Peter J. Gilling 16 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: GreenLight Laser Therapy, 191 Alexis E. Te & Bilal Chughtai 17 Principles of Electrocautery-Based Techniques, 201 Aaron M. Bernie & Richard Lee Index, 211

Read more less

Book SynopsisOveractive Bladder: Practical Management provides urologists, gynecologists and other health practitioners with acomprehensive clinical guide to this very common problem, resulting in a perfect resource to consult time and time again. Beginning with an introductory section covering the definition and pathophysiolgy of OAB, it then moves on to cover evaluation, first-line management, second-line management and finally surgery. Well-illustrated throughout, each chapter begins with a key points box outlining the most important take-home messages. Also included are clear management algorithms to aid decision-making, ''Do''s and Don''t'' boxes to help avoid errors made, key references to the top journal articles, and the very latest guidelines from the EAU, AUA and other major urology societies. Chapters are written by the top names in the field and the entire book is expertly edited by Jacques Corcos, John Heesakkers and Scott MacDiarmid. The resulTable of ContentsList of Contributors vi Preface viii 1 Adolescent and transitional urology—an introduction 1 Part I: The kidney 2 Anatomical and cystic anomalies of the kidney 13 3 Stones 22 4 Prune]belly syndrome 29 Part II: The ureter 5 Renal function in adolescents 41Dr Kate Hillman and Professor Guy Neild 6 Structural anomalies and reconstruction of the ureter 49 7 Vesico]ureteric reflux 58 Part III: The bladder 8 The neuropathic bladder and spina bifida 75 9 Lower urinary tract replacement and reconstruction 91 10 Urinary diversion and undiversion 116 11 Other bladder conditions 122 12 Exstrophy and epispadias 128 13 Cloacal exstrophy 154 Part IV: The urethra 14 Posterior urethral valves 167 15 Hypospadias 177 Part V: Disorders of sex development 16 Scrotal abnormalities 193 17 The overvirilized female 202 18 The undervirilized male 218 19 Adolescent sexuality and counseling 232 Part VI: Neoplasia 20 Neoplastic disease: outcomes in survivors 239 Index 250

Read more less

Book SynopsisWith increasing numbers of dental patients being elderly or having medical conditions, it is important for the dentist to understand how these conditions may impact dental treatment. The Dentist's Quick Guide to Medical Conditions presents the relevant information dentists needsymptoms, diagnostic tests, medications prescribed, and dental managementfor each disease and condition. Chapters will focus on each major bodily system, including respiratory, cardiovascular, hematologic, endocrine, gastrointestinal, immune, nervous, reproductive, and urinary, as well as chapters on the liver, kidneys, skin, and psychological conditions. Appendices list guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis, additional conditions requiring antibiotics, and a quick list of diagnostic tests.Table of ContentsContributors x Foreword xi Preface xii 1 Gastrointestinal disorders 1 A. Peptic ulcer disease 1 B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease 4 C. Irritable bowel syndrome 6 D. Inflammatory bowel disease 7 a. Crohn’s disease 7 b. Ulcerative colitis 10 E. Diverticular disease 11 F. Acute pancreatitis 12 G. Celiac sprue 13 H. Pseudomembranous colitis 13 2 Medical conditions of the respiratory system 17 A. Respiratory diseases 17 a. Asthma 17 b. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases 23 c. Pulmonary tuberculosis 24 d. Obstructive sleep apnea 27 3 Disorders of the urinary system 30 A. Acute renal injury and chronic kidney disease 30 B. Kidney dialysis 37 C. Kidney transplant 39 D. Polycystic kidney disease 42 E. Benign prostatic hypertrophy 42 4 Diseases of the endocrine system 46 A. Diabetes 46 B. Thyroid diseases 50 C. Adrenal gland disorders 53 5 Disorders of the cardiovascular system 59 A. Hypertension 59 B. Angina Pectoris 68 Clinic 68 C. Myocardial infarction 70 D. Heart failure 73 E. Arrhythmias 75 F. Valvular heart disease 78 G. Epinephrine in cardiac patients 79 6 Pregnancy, lactation, and oral contraceptives 82 A. Pregnancy and lactation 82 B. Oral contraceptives 89 7 Disorders of the liver and gallbladder 93 A. Liver disease 93 a. Alcoholic liver disease and cirrhosis 98 b. Hepatitis 99 c. Liver transplant 103 B. Gallstones 105 8 Diseases of the neurological system 109 A. Parkinson’s disease 109 B. Multiple sclerosis 113 C. Seizures 116 9 Psychiatric disorders 125 Introduction 125 A. Antipsychotics 126 a. Typical antipsychotics 127 b. Atypical antipsychotics 128 c. Anticholinergic medications 128 B. Antidepressants 132 a. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors 133 b. Tricyclics and tetracyclics 134 c. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 135 d. Selective serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) 136 e. Others 136 f. Summary: Dental interactions and side effects 136 C. Mood stabilizers 138 a. Lithium 139 b. Valproic acid (Depakote) 140 c. Lamotrigine (Lamictal) 140 d. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) 141 e. Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) 141 D. Alcohol and other drugs with addictive potential 142 a. Alcohol 142 b. Sedatives and hypnotics 143 c. Opioids 143 d. Cocaine 145 10 Hematologic disorders and drugs that cause bleeding 149 A. Brief overview of the coagulation process 149 a. Thrombocytopenia 152 b. Thrombocytopathy 153 c. Antiplatelet medications 153 B. Bleeding disorders: Coagulation disorders 154 a. von Willebrand disease 154 b. Hemophilias 155 c. End-stage liver disease 156 d. Anticoagulation medications 157 11 Blood dyscrasias 171 A. Red blood cell disorders 174 a. Anemia 174 b. Myeloproliferative disorders 181 B. White blood cell disorders 182 a. Leukemia 182 b. Lymphoma 186 c. Multiple myeloma 187 12 Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders 193 A. Osteoporosis 193 B. Osteoarthritis 197 C. Rheumatoid arthritis 198 D. Gout 201 E. Fibromyalgia syndrome 203 F. Systemic lupus erythematosus 205 G. Sjögren’s syndrome 208 13 HIV and oral health care 214 14 Radiation and chemotherapy 237 Appendices Appendix A Antibiotic prophylaxis of the dental patient 252 Appendix B Common dental drug interactions 255 Appendix C Summary of tables/boxes 266 Appendix D Interpretation of common laboratory values 270 Index 274

Read more less

Book SynopsisIbuprofen has become one of the foremost pain-relieving medications world-wide with its proven safety and efficacy in a wide variety of painful and inflammatory conditions. It has also been widely investigated for application in a variety of painful and non-pain inflammatory states including cancer and neurodegenerative conditions, reflecting the unique and novel properties of the drug that would never have been foreseen from knowledge of the properties when it was initially discovered. Edited by leading world expert with over 40 years record in research, teaching and as a scientific advisor in the field of anti-inflammatory/analgesic agents. Professor Kim Rainsford is also the founding Editor-in-Chief of the journal, Inflammopharmacology, as well as being an Associate Editor of The Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology. Provides a thorough coverage of the medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutics of ibuprofen, and its pharmacokinetics in bTable of ContentsList of Contributors xiii Preface xv 1 History and Development of Ibuprofen 1Kim D. Rainsford Summary 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Historical Background 5 1.3 Initial Stages 7 1.4 Compounds in Development 10 1.5 Ibufenac – Almost There, but for Liver Toxicity 12 1.6 More Setbacks 12 1.7 More Learning 12 1.8 Ibuprofen 12 1.8.1 First Clinical Trials 12 1.8.2 Gastrointestinal Safety 14 1.9 Achievements and Rewards at Last 15 1.10 Ultimate Recognition of Safety – OTC Status 17 1.11 Worldwide Developments 19 1.11.1 Evolving Applications of Ibuprofen 19 Acknowledgements 20 References 20 2 The Medicinal Chemistry of Ibuprofen 22Kenneth J. Nichol and David W. Allen 2.1 Introduction 22 2.2 The Discovery of Ibuprofen 22 2.3 Synthetic Routes to Ibuprofen 27 2.4 Biological Activities of Ibuprofen Analogues 31 2.5 Metabolites of Ibuprofen 36 2.5.1 Metabolites and Enantiomer Inversion 36 2.5.2 Synthesis of Metabolites 37 2.6 Ibuprofen Enantiomers 38 2.7 Physicochemical Aspects 42 Acknowledgements 43 References 43 3 The Pharmaceutics of Ibuprofen 50Fred Higton Summary 50 3.1 Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Ibuprofen 50 3.2 Products Available Worldwide 54 3.3 Solid Dose Presentations 54 3.3.1 Conventional Ibuprofen Tablets 56 3.3.2 In vitro/in vivo Testing 58 3.3.3 Sustained Release Preparations 60 3.3.4 Ibuprofen Fast Acting: Ibuprofen Salts and Derivatives 64 3.4 Liquids 67 3.5 Taste-Masking of Ibuprofen 67 3.6 Suppositories 69 3.7 Topical Presentations 70 3.8 Conclusion 72 References 72 4 The Pharmacokinetics of Ibuprofen in Humans and Animals 81Fakhreddin Jamali and Dion R. Brocks Summary 81 4.1 Absorption 82 4.2 Distribution 83 4.2.1 Protein Binding 83 4.2.2 Tissue Distribution 88 4.3 Clearance 92 4.3.1 Metabolism of Ibuprofen 93 4.3.2 Excretion of Ibuprofen 104 4.4 Interspecies Differences in Pharmacokinetics of (R)- and (S)-Ibuprofen 105 4.5 Relationship between Effect and Plasma Concentrations 106 4.5.1 Therapeutic Effects 106 4.5.2 Toxic Effects 107 4.6 Pharmacokinetics in Special Populations 108 4.6.1 Pharmacokinetics and Analgesic Effects in Patients in Pain 108 4.6.2 Febrile Children and Infants 114 4.6.3 Postoperative Paediatric Patients 115 4.6.4 Premature Infants 115 4.6.5 Juvenile Arthritis 116 4.6.6 Children with Cystic Fibrosis 116 4.6.7 Elderly Adults 117 4.6.8 Rheumatic Disease 117 4.6.9 Renal Insufficiency 118 4.6.10 Hepatic Disease 119 4.6.11 Burn Patients 119 4.6.12 Effect of Gender and Race 119 4.6.13 Effect of Operational Stessors 120 4.7 Drug Interactions 120 4.7.1 Anti-ulcer Medications 120 4.7.2 Zidovudine 121 4.7.3 Codeine and Oxycodone 121 4.7.4 Anti-hyperlipidemic Drugs 121 4.7.5 Oral Contraceptive Steroids 122 4.7.6 Self-interaction; Enantiomer–Enantiomer Interaction 123 4.7.7 Effect of Ibuprofen on the Pharmacokinetics of Other Drugs 123 4.7.8 Other Drugs 123 References 124 5 Pharmacology and Toxicology of Ibuprofen 132Kim D. Rainsford Summary 132 5.1 Introduction 133 5.2 Basic Pharmacology and Toxicology 134 5.2.1 The Relevance of Data from Animal Models to the Clinical Situation in Humans 134 5.2.2 Acute Anti-inflammatory Activity 136 5.2.3 Chronic Anti-inflammatory Activity 141 5.2.4 Analgesic Activity 143 5.2.5 Antipyretic Activity 149 5.2.6 General Toxicology 149 5.2.7 Effects on Prostaglandin Production Related to Pharmacological Activities 164 5.2.8 Effects on Leukotriene Production 180 5.2.9 Smooth Muscle Contractility 181 5.2.10 Effects on Nitric Oxide Production 181 5.2.11 Leucocytes and Vascular Permeability 182 5.2.12 Leukocyte Functions 188 5.2.13 Immune Functions 191 5.2.14 Effects on Articular Joint Integrity 192 5.2.15 Miscellaneous Biochemical and Cellular Actions 194 5.3 Experimental Therapeutics 196 5.3.1 Endotoxin Shock 196 5.3.2 Acute Lung Injury Induced by Exposure to Chemicals 198 5.3.3 Acute Myocardial Injury and Coronary Functions 199 5.3.4 Cerebral Injury 201 5.3.5 Tourniquet Shock Ischemia 202 5.3.6 Transcutaneous Hypoxia 202 5.3.7 Cytokines and Surgical Stress 203 5.3.8 Pleurisy from Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction 203 5.3.9 Abdominal Adhesions 203 5.3.10 Uveitis 204 5.4 Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology 204 5.4.1 Experimental Inflammation 204 5.4.2 Experimental Pain 205 5.4.3 Effects on Platelet Aggregation and Thrombosis 206 5.4.4 Gastrointestinal Injury and Bleeding 208 5.4.5 Hypersensitivity and Other Immunological Reactions 210 5.4.6 Gynaecological and Obstetric Uses 211 5.4.7 Effects on Lung Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis 212 5.4.8 Malignant Conditions 212 5.4.9 Prevention of Cataract 213 5.5 Conclusions 214 References 214 6 Therapeutics of Ibuprofen in Rheumatic and Other Chronic and Painful Diseases 237Walter F. Kean, Kim D. Rainsford and the late William W. Buchanan Summary 237 6.1 Introduction 238 6.2 Overview of Clinical Pharmacology 239 6.2.1 Pharmacokinetics Relevant to Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases and Pain 240 6.2.2 Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activities 245 6.2.3 Criteria for Determining Therapeutic Responses 247 6.3 NSAID-Related Adverse Drug Reactions and Toxicity 248 6.3.1 Gastrointestinal Side-Effects 248 6.3.2 Cardiovascular Reactions 251 6.3.3 Hepatic Reactions 251 6.3.4 Renal Adverse Reactions 251 6.3.5 Miscellaneous Reactions 253 6.4 Rheumatoid Arthritis 254 6.4.1 Early Studies at Low Doses 255 6.4.2 Later Higher]Dose Studies 257 6.5 Juvenile Idiopathic (Rheumatoid) Arthritis 261 6.6 Primary and Secondary Osteoarthritis 262 6.6.1 Acceleration of Cartilage and Bone Destruction 272 6.6.2 Therapeutic Aspects 273 6.6.3 Comparisons with Coxibs 274 6.7 Formulations 276 6.8 Variability in Response 276 6.9 Relation of Drug Kinetics to Clinical Response 277 6.10 Low Back Pain 278 6.11 Shoulder Pain 279 6.12 Reactive Arthritis (Reiter’s Syndrome) 280 6.13 Psoriatic Arthritis 280 6.14 Ankylosing Spondylitis 280 6.15 Gout 280 6.16 Fibromyalgia 281 6.17 Haemophiliac Arthritis 281 6.18 Postoperative Pain 281 6.19 Sports Injuries 282 6.20 Other Painful States 283 6.21 Cancer 284 6.22 Potential Non]analgesic Usage 285 6.23 The Elderly 285 6.24 Dexibuprofen 286 6.25 Conclusions 286 References 287 7 Safety and Efficacy of Non-prescription, Over-the]Counter (OTC) Ibuprofen 313Kim D. Rainsford Summary 313 7.1 Introduction 313 7.2 Analysis of Clinical Trials 315 7.2.1 Studies in Prospective Clinical Trials 317 7.3 Epidemiological Studies and Case Reports 327 7.4 Considerations for Special Groups 330 7.4.1 Use of Drugs in the Elderly 330 7.4.2 Safety in Pregnancy and Lactation 331 7.4.3 Uses and Safety in Sport and Exercise 334 7.5 Conclusions 336 References 336 8 Use of Ibuprofen in Dentistry 346Raymond A. Dionne, Sharon M. Gordon and Stephen A. Cooper Summary 346 8.1 Introduction 346 8.2 Analgesia 347 8.2.1 Preventive Analgesia 348 8.2.2 Analgesic Activity of Ibuprofen Isomers 349 8.2.3 Ibuprofen-Containing Combinations 350 8.2.4 Ibuprofen Formulations 354 8.3 Effects on Oedema 355 8.4 Interactions with Plasma β-Endorphin 356 8.5 Use for Chronic Temporomandibular Pain 356 8.6 Recommendations for the Use of Ibuprofen in Dentistry 358 References 359 9 Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions from Ibuprofen 363Kim D. Rainsford and Ingvar Bjarnason Summary 363 9.1 Background and Introduction 364 9.2 Current Status Concerning NSAID Ulceration 365 9.2.1 Morbidity and Mortality 366 9.3 Occurrence of Ulcers and Complications 369 9.3.1 Epidemiological Studies 369 9.3.2 Large-Scale Mega Trials 376 9.4 Clinical Investigations on Comparative GI Effects of Ibuprofen 378 9.4.1 Early Symptom-Based Studies in GI]Intolerant Subjects 378 9.4.2 Procedures for Assessing GI Injury 379 9.4.3 Upper GI Endoscopy 380 9.4.4 NSAID-Enteropathy: Capsule and Device Assisted Intestinal Endoscopy and Other Techniques 381 9.4.5 Radiochromium [51Cr]-Labelled Red Cell GI Blood Loss 389 9.4.6 Intragastric and Occult Blood Loss and Reduced Haemoglobin 394 9.5 Clinically-Relevant Pathogenesis of NSAID-Associated GI Injury 395 9.5.1 Factors Affecting NSAID-Induced Gastroduodenal Injury 395 9.5.2 Influence of Gastric Acidity 397 9.5.3 Physicochemical Associations, Topical versus Systemic Actions of NSAIDs, Cyclo]oxygenases and Reduced Prostanoids 399 9.5.4 Effects of NSAIDs on Gastric pH and Acid Secretion 402 9.6 Procedures for Reducing GI Symptoms 404 9.6.1 Ibuprofen Formulations 404 9.6.2 Effects of Food or Drinks 406 9.6.3 Mucus Protection Strategies 409 9.6.4 Anti-ulcer Agents 410 9.7 Overall Assessment of GI Safety of Ibuprofen 412 References 412 10 Hepatorenal Effects of Ibuprofen Compared with other NSAIDs and Paracetamol 432Kim D. Rainsford 10.1 Introduction 432 10.2 Hepatorenal Syndromes 433 10.3 NSAID, Analgesic and DMARD-Induced Liver Injury 433 10.3.1 Historical Associations of NSAIDs with Liver Toxicity 433 10.3.2 Awareness of Liver Reactions with Modern NSAIDs 434 10.3.3 Simultaneous Use of Potentially Hepatotoxic Medications 439 10.4 Renal Adverse Reactions Form NSAIDs and Analgesics 442 10.4.1 Renal Adverse Reactions from Ibuprofen 444 10.5 Conclusions 446 References 446 11 Adverse Drug Reactions Attributed to Ibuprofen: Effects Other Than Gastrointestinal 452L.J. Miwa, M. Manenos and Judith K. Jones 11.1 Introduction 452 11.2 Allergy and Hypersensitivity 453 11.2.1 Points to Consider when Evaluating Allergy-Type Reactions to NSAIDs 453 11.2.2 Epidemiology of Allergy or Hypersensitivity with NSAIDs 454 11.3 Adverse Dermatological Effects 457 11.4 Hepatotoxicity 458 11.5 Haematological Adverse Effects 465 11.5.1 Neutropenia, agranulocytosis and aplastic anaemia 465 11.5.2 Other Blood Disorders 466 11.6 Renal Adverse Effects 466 11.7 Cardiovascular Adverse Effects 470 11.8 Adverse Effects on Reproduction 477 11.8.1 Animal Studies of Teratogenic and Reproductive Effects 477 11.8.2 Reports of Teratogenic Effects in Humans 478 11.8.3 Perinatal Adverse Effects Associated with Therapeutic Use 479 11.8.4 Other Reproductive Effects 480 11.9 Endocrine and Metabolic Adverse Effects 480 11.10 Central Nervous System Effects 480 11.10.1 General CNS Effects 480 11.10.2 Aseptic Meningitis 481 11.10.3 Cognitive Dysfunction 481 11.10.4 Psychiatric Adverse Effects 481 11.11 Ocular Adverse Effects 481 11.12 Infection-Related Adverse Event 482 11.13 Drug Interactions 482 11.13.1 NSAID–Anti-hypertensive Interactions 483 11.13.2 NSAID–Diuretic Interactions 484 11.13.3 NSAID–β-Adrenergic Blocker Interactions 484 11.13.4 NSAID–Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Interactions 484 11.13.5 NSAID–Oral Anti-coagulant Interactions 484 11.13.6 NSAID–Aminoglycoside Interactions 485 11.13.7 NSAID–Oral Hypoglycemic Interactions 485 11.13.8 NSAID–Cyclosporin Interactions 485 11.13.9 NSAID–Lithium Interactions 485 11.13.10 NSAID–Methotrexate Interactions 485 11.13.11 Ibuprofen–Aspirin Interactions 486 11.14 Future Needs 486 References 487 12 Human Toxicity of Ibuprofen 500Glyn Volans Summary 500 12.1 Introduction 500 12.2 Mechanism of Toxicity in Overdosage 501 12.3 Epidemiological Reviews of the Effects of Ibuprofen in Overdosage 501 12.4 Reports of Deaths after Ibuprofen Overdose 502 12.5 Dose–Response and Toxicokinetics 502 12.6 Gastrointestinal Effects 508 12.7 Renal Effects 509 12.7.1 Cases of Massive Overdose 509 12.7.2 Cases Affected by Additional Factors 509 12.8 Metabolic Effects 510 12.9 Central Nervous System (CNS) Effects 511 12.10 Cardiovascular Effects 511 12.11 Respiratory Effects 512 12.12 Haematological Effects 512 12.13 Skin Reactions 512 12.14 Ibuprofen Toxicity in Children 512 12.15 Ibuprofen in Pregnancy and Breast Feeding 513 12.16 Chronic Abuse of Ibuprofen 513 12.17 Conclusion 514 12.17.1 Management of Ibuprofen Overdosage 514 12.17.2 Continuing Surveillance 515 12.17.3 Comparative Human Toxicity – Ibuprofen versus Other NSAIDs and Non]opioid Analgesics 516 References 516 13 Ibuprofen in the Prevention and Therapy of Cancer 520Randall E. Harris Summary 520 13.1 Introduction and Background 521 13.2 Ibuprofen, COX-1 and COX-2 522 13.3 COX-2 and the Inflammogenesis of Cancer 522 13.4 Preclinical Efficacy Studies of Ibuprofen and Cancer 523 13.4.1 Preclinical Efficacy Study of Ibuprofen Therapy for Breast Cancer 523 13.4.2 Preclinical Efficacy Study of Ibuprofen versus Retinoic Acid for the Prevention of Breast Cancer 523 13.4.3 Preclinical Efficacy Study of Celecoxib versus Ibuprofen for the Prevention of Breast Cancer 524 13.4.4 Other Animal Studies of NSAIDs and Cancer 524 13.5 Human Epidemiologic Studies of Ibuprofen for the Prevention of Cancers of the Breast, Colon, Prostate and Lung 525 13.5.1 Methods of Analysis 526 13.5.2 Comparative Results for Ibuprofen and Aspirin from Eepidemiologic Studies of Cancers of the Breast, Colon, Prostate and Lung 526 13.5.3 Comparison of Ibuprofen, Aspirin and Selective COX]2 Inhibitors in Cancer Prevention 527 13.5.4 Meta-analyses of Epidemiologic Studies of NSAIDs for Cancer Prevention 528 13.5.5 Discussion of Meta-analyses of NSAIDs and Cancer 530 13.6 Therapeutic Studies of Non-selective COX-2 Inhibitors for Human Cancer 531 13.7 COX-2 and the Inflammogenesis of Cancer 533 13.7.1 COX-2 Blockade of Molecular Carcinogenesis 533 13.7.2 Role of COX-1 in Carcinogenesis 534 13.7.3 Other Molecular Targets of NSAIDs 535 13.8 Safety Profile of Ibuprofen 535 13.8.1 COX-1 and COX-2 Isoforms 535 13.8.2 Gastrointestinal and Renal Effects of Ibuprofen 535 13.8.3 Ibuprofen and Cardiovascular Disease 536 13.9 Future Perspectives for Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors in Cancer Chemoprevention 536 References 537 14 Ibuprofen in Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases 549Kim D. Rainsford Summary 549 14.1 Introduction 550 14.2 Pathogenesis of AD 550 14.3 Early Clinical Observations of Effects of NSAIDs in AD 551 14.4 Cellular and Molecular Effects of Ibuprofen in AD 555 14.4.1 Actions of Ibuprofen in Rodent AD Models 556 14.4.2 In Vitro Effects and Molecular Actions of Ibuprofen in AD 558 14.4.3 Conclusions 559 14.5 Ibuprofen in Parkinson’s Disease 559 14.5.1 Effects of Ibuprofen in Models of PD 561 14.6 Other Neuroprotective Effects of Ibuprofen 561 14.7 Conclusions 562 References 562 Appendix A Some Proprietary Brands and Preparations of Ibuprofen Available Worldwide 573Kim D. Rainsford Appendix B References to Analytical Methods for Determination ofIbuprofen in Biological Fluids, Principally Plasma 583Kim D. Rainsford Index 000

Read more less

Book SynopsisSexual dysfunction affects men of all ages and incidence rates are expected to double by 2025 resulting in a major health burden. Though normal sexual function is an important aspect of health and well-being, sadly, this common condition still carries an associated stigma. As a result, affected men are often reluctant to approach their doctor and, instead, may live for many years with sexual dysfunction, often to the detriment of their personal lives. Male Sexual Dysfunction: A Clinical Guide covers all the common problems encountered by the clinician in this rapidly expanding and developing field. With full color throughout, this easy to read guide provides a comprehensive and systematic approach to patient management. Packed with key features, every chapter will contain flow diagrams and algorithms, key points, clinical pearls, ?what to avoid? boxes, and numerous tables, graphs and photographs . This book provides: Comprehensive focus on the core clinTable of ContentsList of contributors, vii Foreword, x 1 Epidemiology of male sexual dysfunction 1 Raanan Tal 2 Physiology of ejaculation 8 Marcel D. Waldinger 3 Physiology of penile erection 14 Uwais B. Zaid, Xiaoyu Zhang, and Tom F. Lue 4 Anatomy of penile erection 22 Lindsay Yuh and Alan Shindel 5 Endocrinology of male sexual dysfunction 30 Salim Janmohamed and Pierre‐Marc G. Bouloux 6 Pharmacology of drugs used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction 48 Ian Eardley 7 Pharmacology of drugs used in premature ejaculation 56 Michael Grant Wyllie 8 Cardiovascular risk and erectile dysfunction 62 Graham Jackson 9 The evaluation of the patient with erectile dysfunction 69 Geoffrey Hackett 10 Endocrinological investigation of men with erectile dysfunction 79 Giovanni Corona, Linda Vignozzi, and Mario Maggi 11 Duplex ultrasonography and its role in the assessment of male sexual dysfunction 91 Conrad von Stempel and Miles Walkden 12 MRI in men with sexual dysfunction 102 Alex Kirkham 13 The metabolic syndrome and ED 109 Mark Paulos and Martin Miner 14 Psychological assessment of patients with ED 120 Catherine Benedict and Christian J. Nelson 15 Nocturnal penile tumescence study 129 Chi‐Ying Li, Stephen Larsen, and Tet Yap 16 Psychosexual therapy for male sexual dysfunction 133 Angela Gregory 17 Treatment of premature ejaculation and ejaculatory disorders 143 Michael Kirby 18 Erectile dysfunction and infertility 152 Vikram Soni, Alexander W. Pastuszak, and Mohit Khera 19 Drug therapy for erectile dysfunction 172 Francisco J. Garcia, Eric Chung, and Gerald Brock 20 Priapism 194 Varun Sahdev, David Ralph, and Asif Muneer 21 Management of erectile dysfunction after pelvic surgery 203 Kelly A. Chiles and John P. Mulhall 22 Management of erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes 210 Marc Lucky, Suks Minhas, and Jas Kalsi 23 Management of erectile dysfunction in neurological patients 220 Katarina Ivana Tudor and Jalesh N. Panicker 24 Non‐surgical therapy for Peyronie’s disease 229 Rowland Rees and Victoria Dawson 25 Micropenis and penile dysmorphobia: diagnosis, management, outcomes, and future developments in the field 236 Oliver Kayes, Lizzie Chandra, and Andrew Yates 26 Surgical treatment of Peyronie’s disease 246 Ates Kadioglu and Emre Salabas 27 Penile implant surgery 258 Patrick Selph and Culley Carson 28 Vascular surgery for erectile dysfunction 270 Ronny B.W. Tan and Wayne J.G. Hellstrom 29 Penile cancer 276 Majid Shabbir and Paul K. Hegarty 30 Penile reconstruction and trauma 283 C.J. Shukla and Suks Minhas 31 Disorders of sex development 294 Dan Wood 32 Sexual dysfunction and prostate cancer therapy 302 Ashley Ridout, Mark Emberton, and Caroline Moore 33 Assessment and management of the male to female transgender patient 314 Tina G. Rashid, Phillip Thomas, and James Bellringer Index 323

Read more less

Book SynopsisEarly Years Nutrition and Healthy Weight focuses on the early years of childhood as a key period in which eating and exercise habits are formed. Combining current evidence with practical advice, an international group of health specialists advise on the avoidance and management of childhood obesity.Table of ContentsContributors, viii Foreword, x Acknowledgments, xii 1 Importance of good health and nutrition before and during pregnancy, 1Catherine R. Hankey 2 Nutrition and health in the early years, 14Judy More 3 Defining and measuring childhood obesity, 30Charlotte M. Wright 4 Early life risk factors for childhood obesity, 40John J. Reilly and Adrienne R. Hughes 5 Early physical activity and sedentary behaviours, 46Anthony D. Okely and Xanne Janssen 6 Talking about weight with families, 59Paul Chadwick and Helen Croker 7 Parenting strategies for healthy weight in childhood, 71Clare Collins, Tracy Burrows and Kerith Duncanson 8 Pre-school prevention interventions, 81Pinki Sahota 9 Contribution of food provision in primary schools to the prevention of childhood obesity, 91Ethan A. Bergman 10 Early clinical interventions and outcomes, 100Louise A. Baur Index, 112

Read more less

Book SynopsisNeonatal Formulary is a unique publication that provides comprehensive guidance on the safe use of all the drugs prescribed during pregnancy and commonly given to babies during labour, delivery, and the first year of life. This new editionprovides improved and detailed coverage of the many drugs that are given to women during pregnancy and during lactation where the baby''s welfare must be borne in mind as well as that of the mother. Thus the whole ''pregnancy through to parenthood'' journey is treated as a continuous event with information about drug use and the effects of drugs at all stages of the development from fetus to infant. Containing far more detail than is available in the British National Formulary for Children and with a companion website featuring updates related to specific drugs and dosing, Neonatal Formulary is an essential guide for neonatologists, neonatal nurses, hospital pharmacists, obstetric staff, advanced nurse practitioners and Table of ContentsIntroduction viii Important advisory statement xi Further reading xiii Acknowledgements xv Part 1: Drug prescribing and drug administration 1 Terms, symbols, abbreviations and units 3 Drug storage and administration 5 Drugs and the body 12 Drugs and the law 14 The care and use of intravascular lines 17 Minimising IV infusion and other drug hazards 24 Patient safety initiatives 27 Writing a hospital prescription 30 Adverse reactions and overtreatment 33 Maternal drug abuse 36 Renal failure 39 Body weight and surface area 42 Effects of therapeutic hypothermia on medications 44 Useful websites 48 Part 2: Drug monographs 55 Part 3: Maternal medication and its effect on the baby 555 Introduction 556 Further reading 558 Maternal medication and the baby 560 Index 608

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book focuses on educating radiologists, radiation oncologists and others interested in imaging research about how to design and conduct clinical trials to evaluate imaging technology and imaging biomarkers.Table of ContentsContributors, vi Chapter 1 Imaging technology assessment, 1Pari V. Pandharipande and G. Scott Gazelle Chapter 2 Clinical trials of therapy, 10Sayeh Lavasani, Anthony F. Shields and Ali Mahinbakht Chapter 3 Clinical trials of image]guided interventions including radiotherapy studies, 29Gary S. Dorfman and Stephen M. Hahn Chapter 4 Imaging as a predictor of therapeutic response, 57David A. Mankoff and Anthony F. Shields Chapter 5 Screening trials and design, 76Janie M. Lee, Constance D. Lehman and Diana L. Miglioretti Chapter 6 Practicalities of running a clinical trial, 91Michael T. Lu, Elizabeth C. Adami and Udo Hoffmann Chapter 7 Statistical issues in study design, 103Nancy A. Obuchowski Chapter 8 Introduction to biostatistical methods, 126Diana L. Miglioretti, Todd A. Alonzo and Nancy A. Obuchowski Chapter 9 Methods for studies of diagnostic tests, 147Jeffrey D. Blume Chapter 10 Methods for quantitative imaging biomarker studies, 170Alicia Y. Toledano and Nancy A. Obuchowski Chapter 11 Introduction to cost]effectiveness analysis in clinical trials, 189Ruth C. Carlos and G. Scott Gazelle Index, 208

Read more less

Book SynopsisBlandy''s Urology, 3rd edition is set to become a classic in its field, the latest edition of one of the most well-loved general urology textbooks for urologists and surgeons alike, successfully combining both general urology and urologic surgery. Its key strength is the unique Blandy way' of describing urological diseases and their management, consisting of: clear, straightforward, uncomplicated descriptions of disease/conditions, includinghundreds ofclinical photos an abundance of outstanding drawn surgical diagrams to illustrate best technique in the operating theatre a focus on the most commonly seen problems in the clinic organization of each topic underanatomical headings Especially loved by urology and surgery trainees for its straightforward approach to the speciality and as a preparation for speciality urology exams, consultants and specialists also value it as a handy refresher tool.Table of ContentsPreface xxxvii List of Contributors xxxix Part I 1 1 Armaments in Urology 3Shibs Datta 1.1 Principles of Urological Technology 4 1.2 Wound Healing in the Urinary Tract 19 1.3 Simulation in Urology 27 2 Principles of Medical Statistics 39Julie Morris 2.1 Introduction 39 2.2 Descriptive Statistics 39 2.3 Confidence Intervals 41 2.4 Significance Tests 42 2.5 Relationships between Variables 44 2.6 Diagnostic Tests 45 2.7 Study Design 46 2.8 Number Needed to Treat 47 2.9 Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis 47 3 Embryology for the Urologist 49Allan Johnston, Maike F. Eylert, Tarik Amer, and Omar M. Aboumarzouk 3.1 Historical Consideration 50 3.2 Introduction 50 3.3 Embryology of the Kidneys and Ureters 50 3.4 Embryology of the Bladder 57 3.5 Embryology of the Indifferent Genital System 60 3.6 Embryology of the Male Genital System 61 3.7 Embryology of the Prostate 67 3.8 Embryology of the Penis and Urethra 68 3.9 Neuter State 70 3.10 Embryology of the Female Genital System 70 3.11 Embryology of the Adrenal Gland 71 References 4 Principles of Urologic Oncology 75Oliver W. Hakenberg 4.1 The Scope of Urologic Oncology 75 4.2 Carcinogenesis 75 4.3 Molecular Biology of Cancer Growth 79 4.4 Tumour‐ Promoting Inflammation 81 4.5 Reprogramming Energy Metabolism 81 4.6 Evading Immune Destruction 82 4.7 The Tumour Microenvironment 82 4.8 The Rate of Cancer Growth 82 4.9 Principles of Treatment 82 4.10 Oncologic Surgery 84 Part II 91 5 Kidney and Ureter Anatomy 93Hiro Ishii, Omar M. Aboumarzouk, and Hendrik Van Poppel 5.1 Comparative Anatomy 94 5.2 Renal Fasciae 96 5.3 Macroscopic Appearances 96 5.4 Arterial Supply 96 5.5 Renal Veins 98 5.6 Common Vascular and Anatomic Variations 99 5.7 Lymphatics 99 5.8 Innervation of the Kidney 99 6 Kidney and Ureter Physiology 107Motaz ElMahdy Hassan and Mohamed Ismail 6.1 Glomerular Filtration Rate 107 6.2 Renal Tubules 109 6.3 Hormonal Function of the Kidney 110 6.4 Special Disorders of Renal Tubules 111 6.5 Acid–Base Metabolism 111 6.6 Obstructive Uropathy 112 6.7 Ureteric Physiology 113 6.8 Whitaker Test 114 7 Renal Failure 117Pramod Nagaraja and Farid Ghalli 7.1 Acute Kidney Injury 117 7.2 Chronic Kidney Disease 120 7.3 Dialysis 123 8 Renal Transplant 127Oliver W. Hakenberg 8.1 The Patients and the Kidneys 128 8.2 Technique of Removal of Donor Kidneys 130 8.3 Immunology of Organ Transplantation 137 8.4 Graft Rejection 139 8.5 Immunosuppression 141 9 Kidney and Ureter: Congenital and Acquired Anomalies 145Alberto Mantovani, Jane Hendry, and Pankaj Mishra 9.1 Introduction 145 9.2 Congenital Abnormalities of the Kidney 145 9.3 Congenital Abnormalities of the PUJ 153 10 Hydronephrosis 165Maitrey Darrad, Ameet Gupta, and Nick Rukin 10.1 Definition 165 10.2 Incidence 165 10.3 Pathophysiology 166 10.4 Diagnostic Imaging 169 10.5 Complications of Hydronephrosis 171 10.6 Management (General Principles) 171 10.7 Perinatal Hydronephrosis 171 10.8 Pelviureteric Junction Obstruction 172 10.9 Retrocaval Ureter 181 10.10 Duplication Anomalies, Ectopic Ureter, and Ureteroceles 181 10.11 VUR 183 10.12 Megaureter 185 10.13 Ureteral Strictures 185 11 Kidney and Ureter Trauma 189Sarfraz Ahmad and Omar M. Aboumarzouk 11.1 Kidney Injuries 189 11.2 Ureteral Injuries 200 12 Kidney and Ureter Inflammation 209Ameet Gupta and Krishna Narahari 12.1 Medical Inflammatory Conditions of the Kidney 209 12.2 Acute Surgical Inflammatory Conditions of the Kidney 211 12.3 Chronic Surgical Inflammatory Conditions of the Kidney 218 12.4 Other Inflammatory Conditions of the Kidney 223 12.5 Inflammatory Conditions of the Ureters 228 13 Kidney and Ureter Neoplasm 237Jane Hendry, Bhavan P. Rai, Alan S. McNeill, Ghulam Nabi, Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg, Khaver Qureshi, Nkem Umez‐Eronini, Grenville Oades, and Omar M. Aboumarzouk 13.1 Kidney Neoplasms 238 13.2 Benign Renal Masses 258 13.3 Ureter and Renal Pelvis Neoplasms 261 14 Kidney and Ureter Calculi 277Omar M. Aboumarzouk, Paul Cook, Olivier Traxer, Palle J.S. Osther, Luca Villa, Jonathan Cloutier, Helene Jung, Kim H. Andreassen, and Bhaskar K. Somani 14.1 Epidemiology 277 14.2 Pathophysiology 277 14.3 Formation of Calculi in the Kidney 278 14.4 Common Types of Urinary Stones 279 14.5 Clinical Features 281 14.6 Complications of Stones 281 14.7 Investigations 282 14.8 Investigations for Metabolic Stone Disease 288 14.9 Medical Management of Stones 289 14.10 Surgery for Stones 291 15 Kidney and Ureter Vascular Disorders 321Abdullah Zreik and Omar M. Aboumarzouk 15.1 Congenital Anomalies of the Renal Vessels 321 15.2 Renal Artery Disorders 322 15.3 Disorders of the Renal Veins 328 16 The Adrenal Glands 331Michael Stechman and David Scott Coombes 16.1 Principles of Endocrine Surgery 331 16.2 Anatomy 332 16.3 Physiology 333 16.4 Pathology 334 16.5 Pathology of the Adrenal Medulla 340 16.6 Congenital Disorders of the Adrenals 346 16.7 Trauma 346 16.8 Inflammation 346 Part III 349 17 Bladder and Urethra Structure and Function 351Maike F. Eylert and Arjun K. Nambiar 17.1 Anatomy 351 17.2 Physiology 355 18 Bladder Congenital Anomalies 359Katerina Prodromou and Pankaj Mishra 18.1 Embryology 359 18.2 Exstrophy‐ Epispadias Complex 359 18.3 Urachal Anomalies 368 18.4 Bladder Diverticula 370 18.5 Disorders of Development of the Sacrum 371 18.6 UTI in Children 371 19 Bladder Trauma 383Abdullah Zreik, Ahmed Mahrous, and Omar M. Aboumarzouk 19.1 Bladder Injuries 383 20 Bladder Inflammation 391Ameet Gupta, Anna Manwaring, and Krishna Narahari 20.1 Introduction and Definitions 391 20.2 Acute Cystitis or Lower UTI 392 20.3 Chronic Interstitial Cystitis and Bladder Pain Syndrome 400 20.4 Tuberculosis 400 20.5 Parasitic Infections 400 20.6 Amoebiasis 405 20.7 Worm Infestations 406 20.8 Catfish 406 21 Bladder Neoplasm 409Kawa Omar, Nawal Shamim Khan, and Muhammad Shamim Khan 21.1 Bladder Neoplasm 410 21.2 Field Biopsies 417 21.3 Pathology 417 21.4 Malignant Tumours of the Bladder 417 21.5 Grading of Transitional Cell Carcinoma 422 21.6 Staging of Bladder Tumours 422 21.7 Risk Stratification after Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour 422 21.8 Treatment of Transitional Cell Carcinoma 422 21.9 Muscle‐ Invasive Bladder Cancer 427 21.10 Recurrence and Follow‐up of MIBC 435 21.11 Management of Locally Advanced MIBC (T3b/T4) and Metastatic Disease (N1 or M1) 435 21.12 Bladder Cancer Variants 437 22 Urinary Diversion 447Kawa Omar, Nawal Shamim Khan, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Johannes Alfred Witjes, and Muhammad Shamim Khan 22.1 Urinary Diversions 448 22.2 Bladder Urinary Diversion 449 22.3 Functional Follow‐Up 461 22.4 Quality of Life Urinary Diversion after Cystectomy 461 23 Bladder Disorder of Function 465Arjun K. Nambiar, Maike F. Eylert, Lisette A ‘t Hoen, and Bertil F.M. Blok 23.1 Introduction 465 23.2 Investigating Bladder Function 468 23.3 Disorders of Function 476 23.4 Urethral Disorders 489 24 Fistulae and Sinuses 499Jenny Jones and Omar M. Aboumarzouk 24.1 Principles and Definitions 499 24.2 Pathophysiology 499 24.3 General Complications 500 24.4 Organ‐Specific Fistulae 500 Part IV 509 25 Prostate Structure and Function 511Adam Cox, Matthew Jefferies, and Raj Persad 25.1 Comparative Anatomy 511 25.2 Maturation of the Prostate 511 25.3 Anatomy of the Prostate 513 25.4 Prostate Physiology 517 26 Prostate Inflammation 523Mark J. Salji, Truls E. Bjerklund Johansen, and Hing Y. Leung 26.1 Classification of Prostatitis 523 26.2 Investigations 525 26.3 Imaging 525 26.4 Serum Prostate Specific Antigen 526 26.5 Histology 526 26.6 Treatment Options 526 26.7 Upoint Phenotypic Classification of CP/CPPS 527 26.8 Surgical Options 527 26.9 Heat Therapies 527 26.10 Prostate Tuberculosis 528 26.11 Summary 528 27 Prostate Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 531Daniel W. Good, Bashar Nahas, Simon Phipps, Rick Popert, Jens‐Uwe Stolzenburg, and Stuart Alan S. McNeill 27.1 Nomenclature 532 27.2 Aetiology 532 27.3 Pathology of BPH 534 27.4 Complications of BPH 535 27.5 Epidemiology and Natural History of BPH 538 27.6 Investigations 539 27.7 Management 541 27.8 Surgical Management 547 28 Prostate Neoplasm 563Mark J. Salji, Imran Ahmad, Sarah Slater, Fat‐Wui Poon, Abdulla Alhasso, Nadja V. Melquiot, Holly Bekarma, Jane Hendry, and Hing Y. Leung 28.1 Epidemiology 563 28.2 Aetiology 564 28.3 Clinical Features 565 28.4 Prognosis 566 28.5 Investigations 566 28.6 Pathology, Histopathology, and Molecular Pathology 573 28.7 Management, Treatments, and Patient Selection 577 28.8 Androgen‐Deprivation Therapy 587 28.9 Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer 591 28.10 The Role of TURP for Voiding Symptoms Associated with PCa 593 28.11 Controversies, Cutting‐Edge Developments, and Hot Topics 594 Part V 611 29 Penis and Urethra Structure and Penis 613Ayman Younis and Christopher Harding 29.1 Anatomy and Physiology 613 29.2 The Penis 613 29.3 The Scrotum 617 29.4 The Urethra 617 29.5 Erection 619 29.6 Function of the Scrotum 622 30 Penis and Urethra and Prostate Congenital Anomalies 623Anand Upasani, Divyesh Desai, Imran Mushtaq, and Pankaj Mishra 30.1 Foreskin 623 30.2 Hypospadias 628 30.3 Primary Epispadias 632 30.4 Posterior Urethral Valves 635 30.5 Prostatic Utricle 639 30.6 Syringocele 639 30.7 Anterior Urethral Valves 640 30.8 Urethral Duplication 641 30.9 Urethral Anomalies in Anorectal Malformations 642 30.10 Interesting Terminologies 645 31 Penis and Urethra Trauma 651Ayman Younis and Trevor J. Dorkin 31.1 Penis and Scrotum 651 31.2 Urethral Trauma 653 32 Penis and Urethra Inflammation 663Nick Watkin and Asheesh Kaul 32.1 Urethral Inflammation 663 32.2 Penile Inflammation 664 32.3 Other Urethro‐Peno‐Scrotal Pathologies 666 32.4 Stricture Disease of the Urethra 668 32.5 Pelvic Fracture Urethral Injury 676 33 Penis and Urethra Neoplasm 687Tom Swallow and Duncan Summerton 33.1 Penile Neoplasm 687 33.2 Lymph Node Disease 695 33.3 Urethral Neoplasm 699 34 Penis and Urethra Disorders of Function 705Sarfraz Ahmad and Nick Watkin 34.1 Erectile Dysfunction 705 34.2 Premature Ejaculation 712 34.3 Retrograde Ejaculation 715 34.4 Anejaculation 715 34.5 Priapism 716 34.6 Peyronie Disease 719 34.7 Late Onset Hypogonadism 722 Part VI 729 35 Testes Structure and Function 731Tusshyenthan Seevagan, Stephen Hulligan, Jaspal Phull, and Omar M. Aboumarzouk 35.1 Comparative Anatomy 731 35.2 Topographical Anatomy 732 35.3 Blood Supply and Lymphatic Drainage 733 35.4 Epididymis 734 35.5 Vas Deferens 735 35.6 Seminal Vesicle 736 35.7 Verumontanum 736 35.8 Spermatic Cord 736 35.9 Testicular Physiology 736 36 Testes Congenital and Childhood Anomalies 741Eleni Papageorgiou, Abraham Cherian, and Pankaj Mishra 36.1 Congenital Anomalies of the Testis 741 36.2 Inguinoscrotal Masses 749 36.3 The Acute Scrotum 753 37 Testes Trauma and Inflammation 759Senthy Sellaturay, Kamran Ahmed, Muhammad Shamim Khan, and Majed Shabbir 37.1 Testicular Trauma 760 37.2 Inflammatory Diseases of the Testicle 761 37.3 Chronic Inflammation 763 37.4 Treatment 764 38 Testes Benign Swelling 769Jasper Bondad, Piotr L. Chlosta, and Omar M. Aboumarzouk 38.1 Hydrocele 769 38.2 Epididymal Cyst 773 38.3 Benign Testicular Cyst 774 38.4 Testicular Torsion 774 38.5 Polyorchidism 775 38.6 Varicocele 776 38.7 Orchialgia 778 38.8 Nux Amatoris 778 39 Testes Neoplasm 783Michelle Carey, Omar M. Aboumarzouk, and Johannes Alfred Witjes 39.1 History 784 39.2 Incidence 784 39.3 Basic Embryology 784 39.4 Aetiology and Risk Factors 784 39.5 Clinical Features 785 39.6 Diagnosis 785 39.7 Staging 791 39.8 Method of Spread 791 39.9 Prognosis 793 39.10 Treatment 793 39.11 Nongerm Cell Tumours 797 39.12 Tumours Containing Both Germ Cell and Sex Cord or Gonadal Stromal Elements: Gonadoblastoma 798 39.13 Other Tumours of the Testis 798 39.14 Tumours of the Paratesticular Structures 798 40 Male Infertility 803Amr Abdel Raheem, Rowland Rees, and David Ralph 40.1 Incidence 803 40.2 Definitions 803 40.3 History and Examination 804 40.4 Aetiology 804 40.5 Investigations for Male Infertility 807 40.6 Testis Biopsy 809 40.7 Treatment of Male Infertility 811 40.8 Assisted Conception Techniques 812 40.9 Varicocele Repair 812 40.10 Medical Treatment of Male Infertility 813 41 Vasectomy and Seminal Vesicle Disorders 817Omar M. Aboumarzouk, Bryan Jenkins, and Piotr L. Chlosta 41.1 Seminal Vesicles 818 41.2 Vasectomy 820 Index 825

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe only book dedicated to this important area of urology, Ureteric Stenting comprehensively reviews the entire topic, providing highly specialized advice to enable outstanding clinical management of patients.Table of ContentsList of Contributors vii Foreword x Preface xi 1 Anatomy of the Human Ureter 1 2 Anatomic Variations of the Ureter 10 3 The Pathophysiology of Upper Tract Obstruction 16 4 Physiology of the Human Ureter 29 5 Etiology of Ureteric Obstruction 48 6 The Role of the Interventional Radiologist in Managing Ureteric Obstruction 55 7 Emergency Management of Ureteric Obstruction 67 8 The History and Evolution of Ureteral Stents 75 9 Ureteral Stent Materials: Past, Present, and Future 83 10 Physical Characteristics of Stents 91 11 Coated and Drug-Eluting Stents 102 12 Coated and Drug-Eluting Ureteric Stents 110 13 Ureteric Stents: A Perspective from the Developing World 118 14 Ethical Issues in Ureteric Stenting 130 15 Equipment and Technical Considerations During Ureteric Stenting 136 16 Extra-Anatomic Stent Urinary Bypass 149 17 Detour Extra-Anatomical Ureteric Stent 161 18 Tandem Ureteral Stents 175 19 Biodegradable Ureteric Stents 182 20 Metallic Ureteric Stents 192 21 Removal of Ureteric Stents 203 22 Encrustation of Indwelling Urinary Devices 215 23 Stent Migration 227 24 Health-Related Quality of Life and Ureteric Stents 238 25 Evidence Base for Stenting 264 26 Robotic Ureteric Reconstruction 278 27 Indwelling Ureteric Stents – Health Economics Considerations 287 28 Ureteric Stents: The Future 296 Index 298

Read more less

Book SynopsisA new volume in the Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science series from the International Olympic Committee, this volume Canoeing provides an accessible and comprehensive summary of the topic. Provides a concise, authoritative overview of the science, medicine and psycho-social aspects of canoeing Offers guidance on medical aspects unique to the training and coaching of canoe athletes The only book on this subject endorsed by the Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Canoe Federation (ICF) Written and edited by global thought leaders in sports medicine Table of ContentsList of Contributors, vi Foreword by ICF President, viii Foreword by IOC President, ix Preface, x 1 Introduction, 1Ian Mortimer and Don McKenzie 2 Biomechanics and equipment (sprint and slalom): a review of scientifically confirmed information, 12Barney Wainwright 3 The canoe/kayak athlete, 40Petra Lundström, Jorunn Sundgot Borgen, and Don McKenzie 4 Physiology of canoeing, 47Hans Rosdahl, Jose Calbet, A. William Sheel, and Robert Boushel 5 Sport psychology for canoe and kayak, 62Penny Werthner 6 Training for canoeing, 71Martin Hunter and Sylvain Curinier 7 Medical problems in canoeing and kayaking, 91Bo Berglund 8 Orthopaedic injuries in canoeing, 97Jozsef Dobos 9 Paracanoe, 106John Edwards, Anna Bjerkefors, Johanna Rosen,and Olga Tarassova 10 Exercise performance in masters canoeing athletes, 116Bo Berglund 11 Diversity in canoe sport, 122Don McKenzie and Kari‐Jean McKenzie Index, 133

Read more less

Book Synopsis* Peer-reviewed articles from the pages of the Journal of Prosthodontics * Mix of clinical reports, research articles, and reviews .Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgments xi American College of Prosthodontists Position Statement on Dental Implants xiii PART I MANAGEMENT OF THE PARTIALLY EDENTULOUS PATIENT 1 ICK Classification System for Partially Edentulous Arches 3Sulieman S. Al-Johany and Carl Andres 2 A Systematic Approach to Definitive Planning and Designing Single and Multiple Unit Implant Abutments 10Sanjay Karunagaran, Sony Markose, Gregory Paprocki, and Russell Wicks 3 The Digital One-Abutment/One-Time Concept. A Clinical Report 21Florian Beuer, Julian Groesser, Josef Schweiger, Jeremias Hey, Jan-Frederik Güth, and Michael Stimmelmayr 4 Influence of Surgical and Prosthetic Techniques on Marginal Bone Loss around Titanium Implants. Part I: Immediate Loading in Fresh Extraction Sockets 27Antoine N. Berberi, Georges E. Tehini, Ziad F. Noujeim, Alexandre A. Khairallah, Moustafa N. Abousehlib, and Ziad A. Salameh 5 A Prospective Analysis of Immediate Provisionalization of Single Implants 35Thomas J. Balshi, Glenn J. Wolfinger, Daniel Wulc, and Stephen F. Balshi 6 Technique for Removing Cement between a Fixed Prosthesis and Its Substructure 41Abdullah S. Alsiyabi and David A. Felton 7 Immediate Loading of Dental Implants in the Esthetic Region Using Computer-Guided Implant Treatment Software and Stereolithographic Models for a Patient with Eating Disorders 45Daniel F. Galindo and Caesar C. Butura 8 A Screwless and Cementless Technique for the Restoration of Single-Tooth Implants: A Retrospective Cohort Study 52Rainier A. Urdaneta, Mauro Marincola, Meghan Weed, and Sung-Kiang Chuang PART II MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPLETELY EDENTULOUS PATIENT 9 Evidence-Based Criteria for Differential Treatment Planning of Implant Restorations for the Mandibular Edentulous Patient 67Steven J. Sadowsky and Peter W. Hansen 10 Mandibular Implant Overdenture Treatment: Consensus and Controversy 77David R. Burns 11 Evidence-Based Criteria for Differential Treatment Planning of Implant Restorations for the Maxillary Edentulous Patient 87Steven J. Sadowsky, Brian Fitzpatrick, and Donald A. Curtis 12 Relevant Anatomic and Biomechanical Studies for Implant Possibilities on the Atrophic Maxilla: Critical Appraisal and Literature Review 103Paulo Henrique Orlato Rossetti, Wellington Cardoso Bonachela, and Leylha Maria Nunes Rossetti 13 A Retrospective Analysis of 800 Brånemark System Implants Following the All-on-FourTM Protocol 114Thomas J. Balshi, Glenn J. Wolfinger, Robert W. Slauch, and Stephen F. Balshi 14 Practice-Based Evidence from 29-Year Outcome Analysis of Management of the Edentulous Jaw Using Osseointegrated Dental Implants 121Matilda Dhima, Vladimira Paulusova, Christine Lohse, Thomas J. Salinas, and Alan B. Carr 15 Double Full-Arch Versus Single Full-Arch, Four Implant-Supported Rehabilitations: A Retrospective, 5-Year Cohort Study 131Paulo Maló, Miguel De Araújo Nobre, Armando Lopes, and Rolando Rodrigues 16 The Influence of Rehabilitation Characteristics in the Incidence of Peri-Implant Pathology: A Case-Control Study 140Miguel Alexandre de Araújo Nobre and Paulo Maló 17 Concepts for Designing and Fabricating Metal Implant Frameworks for Hybrid Implant Prostheses 152Carl Drago and Kent Howell 18 Complications and Patient-Centered Outcomes with an Implant-Supported Monolithic Zirconia Fixed Dental Prosthesis: 1 Year Results 166Bryan Limmer, Anne E. Sanders, Glenn Reside, and Lyndon F. Cooper 19 Prosthetic Improvement of Pronounced Buccally Positioned Zygomatic Implants: A Clinical Report 177Ataís Bacchi, Mateus Bertolini Fernandes dos Santos, Marcele Jardim Pimentel, Mauro Antonio de Arruda Nóbilo, and Rafael Leonardo Xediek Consani PART III MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH MAXILLOFACIAL DEFECTS 20 Implant-Supported Facial Prostheses Provided by a Maxillofacial Unit in a U.K. Regional Hospital: Longevity and Patient Opinions 185S.M. Hooper, T. Westcott, P.L.L. Evans, A.P. Bocca, and D.C. Jagger 21 Immediate Obturator Stabilization Using Mini Dental Implants 192Gregory C. Bohle, William W. Mitcherling, John J. Mitcherling, Robert M. Johnson, and George C. Bohle III 22 Prosthetic Reconstruction of a Patient with an Acquired Nasal Defect Using Extraoral Implants and a CAD/CAM Copy-Milled Bar 197Carolina Vera, Carlos Barrero, William Shockley, Sandra Rothenberger, Glenn Minsley, and Carl Drago PART IV IN VITRO STUDIES 23 Influence of Implant/Abutment Connection on Stress Distribution to Implant-Surrounding Bone: A Finite Element Analysis 207Marcia Hanaoka, Sergio Alexandre Gehrke, Fabio Mardegan, César Roberto Gennari, Silvio Taschieri,Massimo Del Fabbro, and Stefano Corbella 24 An In Vitro Comparison of Fracture Load of Zirconia Custom Abutments with Internal Connection and Different Angulations and Thickness: Part I 215Abdalah Albosefi, Matthew Finkelman, and Roya Zandparsa 25 Surface Characteristics and Cell Adhesion: A Comparative Study of Four Commercial Dental Implants 221Ruohong Liu, Tianhua Lei, Vladimir Dusevich, Xiamei Yao, Ying Liu, Mary P. Walker, Yong Wang, and Ling Ye PART V GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 26 Outcomes of Dental Implants in Osteoporotic Patients. A Literature Review 237Ioanna N. Tsolaki, Phoebus N. Madianos, and John A. Vrotsos 27 Updated Clinical Considerations for Dental Implant Therapy in Irradiated Head and Neck Cancer Patients 254Takako Imai Tanaka, Hsun-Liang Chan, David Ira Tindle, Mark MacEachern, and Tae-Ju Oh 28 Implant Treatment Record Form 263Tony Daher, Charles J. Goodacre, and Steven M. Morgano Index 267

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn updated and revised resource to evidence-based urology information and a guide for clinical practice The revised and updated second edition of Evidence-Based Urology offers the most current information on the suitability of both medical and surgical treatment options for a broad spectrum of urological conditions based on the best evidence available. The text covers each of the main urologic areas in specific sections such as general urology, oncology, female urology, trauma/reconstruction, pediatric urology, etc. All the evidence presented is rated for quality using the respected GRADE framework. Throughout the text, the authors highlight the most patient-important, clinical questions likely to be encountered by urologists in day-to-day practice. A key title in the Evidence-Based series, this revised and expanded edition of Evidence-Based Urology contains new chapters on a variety of topics including: quality improvement, seminoma, nonseminomatoTrade Review"This is a valuable book for all who care for urological patients. Every provider should have a foundation in evidence-based medicine and be familiar with interpreting and applying clinical knowledge to patient care. This book helps readers to achieve both. It addresses today's most relevant clinical questions in a manner that enables readers to practice evidence-based medicine skills." - Doody's Book Review, April 2019Table of ContentsPart 1 Evidence‐based methodsPhilipp Dahm 1 Searching for evidence, 3Jeanette Buckingham 2 Clinical trials in urology, 19Charles D. Scales, Jr. and David F. Penson 3 Systematic reviews in urology, 25Philipp Dahm, Shahnaz Sultan, and Jae Hung Jung 4 Rating the quality of evidence and making recommendations, 39Philipp Dahm and Shahnaz Sultan 5 Evidence‐based clinical practice guidelinesin urology, 47Steven E. Canfield 6 Understanding concepts related to health economics in urology, 53Yair Lotan and Ryan Hutchinson 7 Quality improvement in urology, 59Nima Almassi and Howard B. Goldman Part 2 General urology and stone diseaseCharles D. Scales, Jr. 8 Antibiotic prophylaxis in urological surgery, 67Roderick Clark and Philippe Violette 9 Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis, 89Vikram Narayan and Philipp Dahm 10 Operative safety, 103Elizabeth Timbrook Brown, Bryan J. Hill, and Roger R. Dmochowski 11 Prophylaxis and treatment of urinary tract infections in adults, 113Gabrielle J. Williams, Angela C. Webster, and Jonathan C. Craig 12 Medical management of stone disease, 133Timothy Y. Tseng and Glenn M. Preminger 13 Surgical management of renal stone disease, 159Justin M. Dersch, Brandon J. Otto, and Benjamin K. Canales 14 Surgical management of ureteral stone disease, 171Aaron H. Lay, Jay D. Raman, and Margaret S. Pearle Part 3 Pediatric urologyLuis H.P. Braga 15 Prenatal hydronephrosis, 187Shawn Dason and Luis H.P. Braga 16 Cryptorchidism, 197David I. Chu and Gregory E. Tasian 17 Vesicoureteral reflux disease, 209Ruiyang Jiang and Jonathan C. Routh 18 Circumcision, 217Roderick Clark and Sumit Dave 19 Nocturnal enuresis, 235Stacy T. Tanaka 20 Management of neurogenic bladder in children with spina bifida, 243Kourosh Afshar, Mir Sohail Fazeli, and Cyrus Chehroodi 21 Wilms tumor, 251Ruiyang Jiang and Jonathan C. Routh Part 4 Prostate cancerJulio M. Pow-Sang 22 Early detection and screening for prostate cancer, 257Pim J. van Leeuwen, Monique J. Roobol, and Phillip D. Stricker 23 Molecular markers for prostate cancer, 265Pranav Sharma, Eric Webb, and Julio M. Pow‐Sang 24 Imaging of the prostate, 279Matthew J. Watson, Francesca V. Mertan, Samuel Borofsky, Arvin K. George,Abhinav Sidana,Peter L. Choyke, Peter A. Pinto, and Baris Turkbey 25 Active surveillance for localized prostate cancer, 289Nathan Perlis and Laurence Klotz 26 Surgical management of prostate cancer,297Daniel A. Barocas and Michael S. Cookson 27 Radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer, 317Michelle Echevarria, Peter A. Johnstone, and Kosj Yamoah 28 Management of metastatic prostate cancer, 331Michael S. Humeniuk, Tian Zhang, Megan A. McNamara,Sundhar Ramalingam, and Michael R. Harrison Part 5 Kidney and bladder cancerRodney H. Breau 29 Treatment of superficial bladder cancer, 349Alexander Kretschmer, Alexander Karl, and Badrinath R. Konety 30 Treatment of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer, 367Justin R. Gregg and Sam S. Chang 31 Management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma, 373Ilaria Lucca, Romain Mathieu, Tobias Klatte, and Shahrokh F. Shariat 32 Metastatic bladder cancer, 383Louise Harris, Caitlin Bowen, Satish Kumar, Bernadette Coles, and Malcolm Mason 33 Treatment of localized kidney cancer, 391Luke T. Lavallée, Frédérick Pouliot, and Rodney H. Breau 34 Treatment of metastatic kidney cancer, 399Przemyslaw W. Twardowski and Robert A. Figlin Part 6 Testis and penile cancerMichael C. Risk 35 Early‐stage (stage I) seminoma, 409Sia Daneshmand and Cory Hugen 36 Advanced (stage II and III) and recurrent seminoma, 417Peter C. Black and Christian Kollmannsberger 37 Early‐stage nonseminomatous germ‑cell tumor, 427Justin T. Matulay and James M. McKiernan 38 Advanced nonseminoma, 443Michael C. Risk and Clint Cary 39 Penile cancer, 457Oliver W. Hakenberg Part 7 Female urology, trauma, and reconstructionRoger R. Dmochowski 40 Medical management of urinary incontinence in women, 467Joshua A. Cohn, Elizabeth Timbrook Brown, W. Stuart Reynolds, Melissa R. Kaufman,Roger R. Dmochowski 41 Surgical treatment of female urinary incontinence, 479Alex Gomelsky 42 Diagnosis and treatment of overactive bladder, 489Nadir I. Osman, Altaf Mangera, and Christopher R. Chapple 43 Urethral stricture disease, 497Robert A. Goldfarb and Sean P. Elliott 44 Genitourinary trauma, 503Paul Chung and Bryan B. Voelzke Part 8 Male LUTS and sexual dysfunctionJohn M. Hollingsworth 45 Medical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia, 511Paholo G. Barboglio Romo and John M. Hollingsworth 46 Surgical management of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hypertrophy, 527Derek J. Lomas and Amy Krambeck 47 Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (NIH category III), 539Giuseppe Magistro and Florian M.E. Wagenlehner 48 Management of erectile dysfunction, 545Hunter Wessells 49 Update on treatment of bladder pain syndrome: does anything work? 555Yahir Santiago‐Lastra, Ann Oldendorf, and J. Quentin Clemens 50 Male infertility, 561Bryan Hinck, Ashok Agarwal, Fnu Deepinder, and Edmund S. Sabanegh, Jr. 51 Premature ejaculation, 569Josip Vukina, J. Abram McBride, Culley C. Carson, and R. Matthew Coward Index 579

Read more less

Book SynopsisDecision Making in Dental Implantology: Atlas of Surgical and Restorative Approaches offers an image-based resource to both the surgical and restorative aspects of implant therapy, presenting more than 2,000 color images with an innovative case-by-case approach. Takes a highly pictorial approach to all aspects of implant dentistry Discusses both the surgical and restorative aspects of implant therapy in a single resource Describes a wide range of clinical scenarios likely to be encountered in daily practice Covers anterior, posterior, and full-mouth restorations Presents more than 2,000 color images showing the basic concepts and clinical cases Table of ContentsForeword vii Decision Making in Dental Implantology ix Preface xi About the Authors xiii 1 Current Status of Clinical Practice with Dental Implants: An Evidence-Based Decision Making Overview 1 This chapter presents general aspects to be used in clinical practice with dental implants based on the most relevant up-to-date themes for implantology and other fields of dentistry. Also descriptions on the evidence quality rating/strength of recommendation of procedures proposed by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) adapted by the American Dental Association are detailed. 2 Treatment Planning for Bone Defects in the Alveolar Ridge 23 This chapter provides details on the characteristics of the mostfrequent osseous defects the use of bone substitutes/grafting materials for bone filling and the mechanisms/dynamics of osseous repair. 3 Treatment of Esthetic Areas 43This chapter details the rational and clinical use of different treatment modalities in esthetically compromised areas. Cases 1–12. 4 Treatment of Posterior Areas 123 This chapter is exclusively dedicated to the presentation of clinical treatment alternatives for the posterior sites of the mandible and maxilla. Cases 13–27. 5 Implant-Supported Rehabilitation of Completely and Partially Edentulous Patients 205 This chapter is explains the role of certain phases of performing successful implant-supported oral rehabilitation.Cases 28–35. 6 Multidisciplinary Decision Making: The Complexity of Some Potential “Real World” Clinical Scenarios 325This chapter presents offers suggestions for the multidisciplinary construction of treatment approaches for cases presenting high esthetical and functional complexity. These therapies are based on the best evidence available on clinicians’ skills and patients’ desires. Cases 36–41. Index 407

Read more less

Book SynopsisQuick Reference to Dental Implant Surgery offers busy practitioners quick access to all the essential information needed for successful dental implant surgery from case selection to radiographic examination, scrub-in to post-operative care.Table of ContentsAbout the Author xi Preface and Introduction xiii Case Selection and Diagnosis 1 Part A: Medical Consideration in Implant Dentistry 1 1 Commonly Ordered Blood Tests in Implant Dentistry 1 2 ASA Classifications 3 3 Medical Conditions 4 4 Recommendations for Medical Consideration in Implant Dentistry 6 Part B: Radiographic Examination and Imaging Modalities 8 1 Imaging Strategies 8 2 Radiographic Examination and Imaging Modalities 12 3 Principles of Imaging for Dental Implant Assessment, with Recommendations 15 Part C: Surgical Stents 20 1 SurgicalStentTypes 20 2 Comparison of Surgical Stents 24 3 Recommendations 25 References 25 Surgical Principles and Protocols 27 Part A: Scrubbing and Gowning 27 1 Preparation Prior to Surgical Scrub 27 2 Surgical Scrubbing Methods 27 3 Steps for Surgical Scrubbing 28 4 DryingtheHands 28 5 Gowning 28 6 De-gowning 30 7 Recommendations 30 Part B: Surgical Report 30 1 Principles 30 2 Recommendations 30 Part C: Commonly Used Medications in Implant Dentistry 31 1 Pain Management 31 2 Antibacterial Infection 32 3 Sinus Bacterial Infection 32 4 Xerostomia 33 5 Recommendations 35 References 35 Surgical Treatment 37 Part A: Immediate Implants 37 1 Classification 37 2 Procedure 39 3 General Advantages and Disadvantages 39 4 Complications and Treatment 40 5 Immediate Loading 40 6 Immediate Loading: When To? 40 7 Recommendations 40 Part B: Sinus Augmentation 43 1 MaxillarySinusAnatomy 43 2 Anatomical Considerations 44 3 Procedure Steps 44 4 Recommendations for Complications 47 Part C: Ridge Augmentation 47 1 Soft Tissue Augmentation 47 2 OnlayGrafts 51 3 Titanium Straps, Cores, and Screws 51 4 TitaniumMesh, Distraction Osteogenesis, J Block, and Ridge Expansion 55 5 Membranes 55 6 Recommendations 56 Part D: Extraction Socket Preservation 56 1 Advantages 56 2 Steps for Good Extraction Socket Development 57 3 Complications 57 4 Recommendations 57 Part E: Suture Materials 58 1 Monofilament and Multifilament Sutures 58 2 Absorbable and Non-absorbable Sutures 59 3 Natural and Synthetic Sutures 59 4 Recommendations 60 References 61 Corrective Implant Surgery 63 Part A: Clinical Recommendations for the Prevention and Treatment of Peri-implant Disease 63 Part B: Peri-implantitis Treatment Recommendations 64 References 71 Errors and Complications 73 Part A: Diagnosis of Complications 73 Part B: Surgical Errors 73 1 Early Implant Failure 73 2 Late Implant Failure 74 Part C: Prosthetic Errors 74 Part D: The Checklist 74 1 Basic Implant Placement 74 References 75 Communication 77 Part A: Sample Consents 77 1 Endosseous Implant Consent 77 2 Maxillary Sinus Augmentation Consent 81 3 Conscious Sedation Consent 83 4 Dental Extraction Consent 84 5 Ridge Augmentation Consent 86 6 Bisphosphonates Consent 88 7 BiopsyConsent 89 8 Blank Consent Form 90 9 Gingivectomy Consent 91 10 Gingival Augmentation Consent 92 Part B: Sample Surgical Report 94 Part C: Sample Postoperative Instructions and How to Clean Implants 95 Part D: Sample Patient Letters 98 Part E: Sample Letters to Physicians 99 Part F: Sample Letters to Referring Dentists 99 Index 101

Read more less

Book SynopsisHow to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis, perform and interpret patch tests, and select the best treatment options Written for a broad range of dermatologic professionals, Common Contact Allergens is a straightforward and useful guide that bridges the gap between detailed reference texts and basic handbooks on contact allergy, making it an ideal addition to general dermatology practices for practical use in the office. The first section of the book leads practitioners through the steps necessary to effectively and accurately perform patch testing. This covers basic immunological knowledge, various ways in which contact allergy can present, patch test techniques, and how to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis. Giving attention to all standard allergens, the second section offers an overview of the current literature on each, with detailed analysis on determining the clinical relevance of a positive patch test reaction. This convenient companion: Table of ContentsList of Contributors ix Preface xi About the Companion Website xiii Section 1: Methodology 1 1 Immunology of Allergic Contact Dermatitis 3 2 Patch Test Technique 5 3 The Detective’s Guide to Contact Dermatitis 15 4 History, Microhistory, and Sources of Contact Allergen Exposure 23 5 Microexamination 55 6 Setting up a Patch Test Practice 89 7 The Role of Providers of Patch Test Products 93 Section 2: Non‐Allergic Dermatoses 99 8 Elimination or Inclusion of Non‐Allergic Skin Diseases 101 9 Irritant Contact Dermatitis 123 Section 3: Common Contact Allergens 127 Metals 129 10 Nickel 129 11 Cobalt 145 12 Chromate 151 13 Gold 161 Fragrances 167 14 Fragrances Incorporating Fragrance Mix 1, Fragrance Mix 2, Hydroxyisoheyl 3‐cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde, Limonene, and Linalool 167 Preservatives 181 15 Formaldehyde 181 16 Quaternium‐15 187 17 Diazolidinyl Urea and Imidazolidinyl Urea 191 18 2‐Bromo‐2‐nitropropane‐1,3‐diol 197 19 Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone 201 20 Methylisothiazolinone 205 21 Parabens 211 Dyes 217 22 para‐Phenylenediamine 217 23 Disperse Blue 106 227 Rubber 233 24 Rubber: Mercaptobenzothiazole, Mercapto Mix, Thiurams, Carbamates, Thioureas, N Isopropyl‐N’‐Phenyl‐pphenylenediamine 233 Resins 245 25 Colophonium 245 26 Epoxy Resin 255 27 Tosylamide Formaldehyde Resin 263 28 para‐Tertiary‐Butylphenol Formaldehyde Resin 267 Plants 273 29 Sesquiterpene Lactone Mix and Compositae Mix 273 30 Primin 281 Medicaments 287 31 Neomycin 287 32 Clioquinol 293 33 Benzocaine 297 34 Tixocortol‐21‐pivalate Budesonide, and Hydrocortisone 17‐butyrate 303 Others 311 35 Lanolin 311 36 Cetearyl Alcohol 317 Index 321 E-Supplements 10 Nickel 11 Cobalt 12 Chromate 14 Fragrances 15 Formaldehyde 16 Quaternium 15 17 Diazolidinyl Urea and Imidazolidinyl Urea 19 Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylsiothiazolinone 20 Methylisothiazolinone 21 Parabens 22 para-Phenylenediamine 24 Rubber 25 Colophonium 26 Epoxy Resin 28 4-tert-Butylphenol Formaldehyde Resin 29 Sesquiterpene Lactone Mix and Compositae Mix 30 Primin 31 Neomycin 32 Clioquinol 33 Benzocaine 34 Corticosteroids: Tixocortol-21-pivalate, Budesonide, and Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 35 Lanolin

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe fourth edition of Implant Restorations: A Step-by-Step Guide provides a wealth of updated and expanded coverage on detailed procedures for restoring dental implants. Focusing on the most common treatment scenarios, it offers concise literature reviews for each chapter and easy-to-follow descriptions of the techniques, along with high-quality clinical photographs demonstrating each step. Comprehensive throughout, this practical guide begins with introductory information on incorporating implant restorative dentistry in clinical practice. It covers diagnosis and treatment planning and digital dentistry, and addresses advances in cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT), treatment planning software, computer generated surgical guides, rapid prototype printing and impression-less implant restorative treatments, intra-oral scanning, laser sintering, and printing/milling polymer materials. Record-keeping, patient compliance, hygiene regimes, and follow-up are also covereTable of ContentsList of Contributors xiii Foreword xv Preface xvii Acknowledgments xix 1 Introduction to Implant Dentistry 1 Introduction 1 Purpose of Textbook 1 Conventional Dentistry Versus Implant Dentistry 2 Predictability of Fixed Prosthodontics 2 Predictability of Implant Prosthodontics 3 Economics of Implant Dentistry 4 Prognostic Indicators for Teeth 5 Periodontal Disease 5 The Heavily Restored Tooth 6 The Furcation-Involved Tooth 8 The Periodontal Prosthesis Patient 9 Difficult Aesthetic Cases 10 Classification of Ridge Defects 12 Treatment Prognosis for the Dentition 15 Summary 18 Bibliography 18 2 Implants and Implant Restorative Components 21 Introduction 21 Implants 21 Implant/Abutment Connections 25 External Implant/Abutment Connections 25 Internal Implant/Abutment Connections 27 Healing Abutments 30 Conventional, Stock Healing Abutments 30 CAD/CAM Healing Abutments 32 Custom Healing Abutments 34 Impression Copings 35 Implant Impression Copings 35 Pickup Impression Copings (Open Tray) 36 Transfer Impression Copings (Closed Tray) 37 Low-Profile Conical Abutment Impression Copings 38 Scan Bodies 38 Abutments 39 Low-Profile Conical Abutments (LPCA) 40 LOCATOR Overdenture Abutments 41 Stock Abutments 42 UCLA Abutments 44 CAD/CAM Abutments 47 Milled Titanium 47 Milled Zirconia 50 Multiunit Abutments 54 Screws (Clinical) 54 Abutment/Retaining Screws 55 Preload Screw Mechanics 56 Cylinders 57 Definitive Cylinders 57 Interim Cylinders 57 Drivers and Placement Instruments 58 Drivers/Driver Tips 58 Laboratory Components 60 Implant Analogs/Replicas 61 Abutment Analogs/Replicas 62 Try-In Screws 63 Abutment Holders 63 Polishing Protectors 64 Bibliography 65 3 Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Implant Restorative Dentistry 69 Patient Selection 69 Medical History 69 Diagnostic Procedures 70 Radiographs 70 CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) Scans 72 Scanning Appliances/Surgical Guides 74 Diagnostic Casts 75 Laboratory-Generated Surgical Guides 75 Physical Examination 78 Extraoral Examination 78 Intraoral Examination 78 Diagnostic Articulator Mounting 79 Diagnostic Wax Patterns 79 Implant Bone Volume 80 Implant Restorative Volume 83 Treatment Planning 85 Edentulous Patients 86 Overdentures 87 Restorative Volume 87 Fixed Implant-Retained, Full-Arch Prostheses-Edentulous Jaws 89 Milled Titanium Frameworks 92 Milled Zirconia Frameworks 94 High-Performance Polymers (HPP) 95 Crown-and-Bridge Type Prostheses 95 Partially Edentulous Patients 96 Screw-Retained Restorations 96 Treatment Goals 96 Benefits 96 Limitations 97 Cement-Retained Restorations 98 Benefits 98 Limitations 99 Angled Screw Channel Abutments 99 Peri-Implant Disease 99 Implant Loading Protocols 101 Unloaded Healing, Two-Stage Surgical Protocol 101 Unloaded Healing, Single-Stage Surgical Protocol 102 Early Loading 102 Immediate Occlusal Loading 103 Immediate Non-Occlusal Loading 103 Patient Consultation 104 Principles of Treatment Planning 104 Informed Consent 104 Summary 105 Bibliography 105 4 Treatment of Edentulous Mandibular Patients: (1) Implant-Retained Framework Overdenture and Resilient Attachments; (2) Resilient Attachments and Two Interforaminal Implants 111 Literature Review 111 Clinical Case Presentation Mandibular Implant-Supported Overdenture with CAD/CAM Framework and Resilient Attachments 117 Clinical Case Presentation Implant-Supported Overdenture with Resilient Attachments and Two Interforaminal Implants 142 Bibliography 156 5 Replacement of Single Teeth with CAD/CAM Implant Restorations: Implant-Level Impressions, Intraoral Scanning, Cement and Screw-Retained Crowns 159 Literature Review 159 Replacement of Individual Teeth 159 Single-Unit Implant Restorations 161 Computer-Assisted Design/Computer-Assisted Machining (CAD/CAM) Healing Abutments/Scan Bodies 162 Intraoral Scanning 167 Models from Digital Impressions 169 Clinical Case Presentation Posterior, Cement-Retained Single-Implant Restoration 170 Clinical Case Presentation Anterior, Screw-Retained Single-Implant Restoration (Angled Screw Channel) 185 Bibliography 197 6 Fixed Dental Prostheses: Retreatment of a Patient with a Fractured Implant-Retained Fixed Dental Prosthesis; CAD/CAM Abutments and a Cement-Retained Fixed Dental Prosthesis; Intraoral Scanning and Screw-Retained Fixed Dental Prosthesis (Atlantis™ Bridge Patient-Specific Suprastructures) 199 Literature Review 199 Clinical Case Presentation Implant-Level Impression/Screw-Retained Fixed Dental Prosthesis 204 Clinical Case Presentation Intraoral Scanning/Screw-Retained Fixed Dental Prosthesis (Atlantis™ Bridge Patient-Specific Suprastructure) 219 Bibliography 235 7 Accelerated Treatment Protocol of a Patient with Edentulous Jaws and CAD/CAM Titanium Framework/Fixed Hybrid Prostheses 237 Literature Review 237 Original Treatment Protocol 239 Accelerated Treatment Protocol 242 Clinical Case Presentation Four Months Post Implant Placement and Immediate Occlusal Loading 243 Bibliography 275 8 Treatment of Edentulous Patients with Immediate Occlusal Loading: Conventional Surgical and Computer-Generated Surgical Guides 279 Literature Review 279 Introduction 279 The Preosseointegration Era 280 The Osseointegration Era 281 Immediate Occlusal Loading in the Edentulous Mandible 282 Immediate Occlusal Loading in Edentulous Maxillae 285 Clinical Case Presentation Mandibular Immediate Occlusal Loading with Clinical Conversion of Mandibular Immediate Denture 286 Clinical Case Presentation Maxillary Immediate Occlusal Loading Using Computer-Generated Surgical Guide with Clinical Conversion of Maxillary Immediate Denture 312 Bibliography 324 9 Treatment of Edentulous Patients with Immediate Occlusal Loading: Conventional Surgical/Prosthetic Protocols 327 Literature Review 327 Immediate Occlusal Loading 327 Computer-Guided Surgery 328 Clinical Case Presentation Conventional Surgical and Restorative Protocols 332 Bibliography 367 10 Treatment of Partially Edentulous Patients with Immediate Non-Occlusal Loading Protocols (Intraoral Scanning, CAD/CAM Abutment, and Definitive Maxillary Central Incisor Restoration; Co-Axis Implant and Restoration) 371 Literature Review 371 Clinical Case Presentation INOL Protocol and Intraoral Scanning 375 Clinical Case Presentation INOL Protocol with Co-Axis Implant 396 Bibliography 408 11 Computed Tomography (CT) Guided Surgery/Immediate Occlusal Loading with Full-Arch Prostheses in Edentulous Patients 411 Literature Review 411 Immediate Occlusal Loading 411 Tilted Implants 412 Diagnostic Imaging 413 Computed Tomography (CT) 415 Interactive Computed Tomography (ICT) 417 Interactive Computer Software 418 Computer-Guided Surgery 418 Overview of CT Guided Surgical and Prosthetic Protocols 419 Surgical Guides 419 Master Tubes 419 Prosthetic Laboratory Kit-Implant Analog Mounts 420 Surgical Kit Components 420 Fabrication of Master Cast for Immediate, Fixed Provisional Prosthesis 421 Abutment Selection for Fixed, Screw-Retained Provisional Prostheses 422 Fabrication of a Screw-Retained Provisional Prosthesis 424 Clinical Patient Presentation Ill-Fitting Maxillary Denture; Mandibular Implant-Supported Overdenture 425 Clinical Patient Presentation Maxillary and Mandibular Terminal Dentitions; Computer-Guided Surgery with Metal Surgical Guides 448 Bibliography 463 12 Guidelines and Maintenance Procedures for Fixed, Full-Arch, Implant-Retained Prostheses 465 Introduction 465 Full-Arch Hybrid Prostheses 465 Historical Perspectives 466 Original Protocol 466 Immediate Occlusal Loading for Full-Arch Prostheses 466 Clinical Complications 467 Mechanical 467 Biologic: Peri-Implant Mucositis/Peri-Implantitis 470 Treatment (Peri-Implant Mucositis) 472 Treatment (Peri-Implantitis) 473 Innovations in Full-Arch Designs 475 Prosthesis Design/Materials 476 Hygiene/Maintenance Protocol for Immediately Loaded Full-Arch Prostheses 477 Hygiene/Maintenance Protocol for Definitive Full-Arch Prostheses 478 At-Home Hygiene 478 Plaque Control–Dentifrice 478 Plaque Control–Mechanical 478 Recall Appointments 479 Recall Interval/Schedule 479 Examination 480 Radiographs 481 Professional Maintenance 485 Prosthesis Removal 487 Cleaning the Removed Prosthesis 488 Conclusions 488 Bibliography 488 Index 493

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisTo fulfill the vision for his latest book, Dr. Hamid Shafie compiled technical information from a vast variety of sources, including implant manufacturers and designers, master dental technicians, implant researchers, and expert clinicians leading the field of implant dentistry worldwide.Table of ContentsLIST OF CONTRIBUTORS vii FOREWORDS viii PREFACE xi DEDICATIONS xii 1 Implant Abutment Materials 1Hamid R. Shafi e and Bryan A. White Introduction 1 Mucosal Seal 1 Pellicle Biofi lm and Periodontal Disease 2 Implant Abutment Material Related Research 3 Conclusions 14 References and Additional Reading 14 2 General Information about Implant Abutments 17Hamid R. Shafie Terminology 17 Stock Abutments 17 Customized Abutments 20 References and Additional Reading 22 3 Retaining Abutment Screws 23Hamid R. Shafi e and Scott Martyna Introduction 23 Basic Terminology 23 Abutment Screw Mechanics 24 Abutment Screw Materials 25 Special Considerations 26 Abutment Screw Failure 28 References and Additional Reading 32 4 Different Implant–Abutment Connections 33Hamid R. Shafi e and Bryan A. White Introduction 33 Chronological Development of Abutment Connections 33 External Hex Connections 34 Internal Connections 35 Comparison of Different Internal Connection Designs 37 Conclusions 43 References and Additional Reading 445 Prefabricated Implant Abutments 47Paul P. Binon Introduction 47 Chronological Development of Prefabricated Abutments 47 Examples of Prefabricated Abutments 49 Clinical Examples 54 References and Additional Reading 63 6 Use of CAD/CAM Technology in Custom Abutment Manufacturing 65Julian Osorio and Robert B. Kerstein History of CAD/CAM Technology in Prosthetic Dentistry 65 History of CAD/CAM Technology in Implant Abutment Manufacturing 66 Virtual Design and Manufacture of Abutments 69 Abutment Placement Using Sulcular Stretching 82 Clinical Examples 86 Advantages of CAD/CAM Abutments Versus Regular Cast Custom Abutments 97 Common Problems in CAD/CAM Abutment Manufacturing 99 Conclusions 100 References and Additional Reading 100 7 Relationship between Abutment Geometry and Peri-implant Tissue in Esthetic Zone Cases 102Dean Morton Tamer Abdel-Azim and Wei-Shao Lin Introduction 102 Provisional Restorations Prior to Implant Loading 103 Contouring the Soft Tissue with Provisional and Custom Impressions 107 Different Designs of Final Crowns Supported by Custom and Stock Abutments 111 References and Additional Reading 121 8 Instrumentation for Abutment Modifi cation and Guidelines for their Use 122Hamid R. Shafie Introduction 122 Extra-Oral Adjustment Techniques for a Titanium Abutment 122 Extra-Oral Adjustment Techniques for a Zirconia Abutment 125 Intra-Oral Adjustment Techniques for a Zirconia Abutment 128 References and Further Reading 132 9 Abutment Preparation Techniques for One-Piece Titanium and Zirconia Implants 133Hamid R. Shafi e and Mary L. Ballard Introduction 133 Material Science of One-Piece Implants 136 One-Piece Implant Macro-Geometry 138 One-Piece Implant Micro-Geometry 142 Case Selection Criteria 143 Surgical Techniques 148 One-Piece Implant Abutment Preparation Techniques 163 Principles of Loading 170 Provisionalization and Crown Fabrication 171 References and Additional Reading 175 10 Cleaning Disinfection and Sterilization Techniques for Implant Abutments 177Hamid R. Shafie Introduction 177 Cleaning Disinfecting and Sterilizing Implant Abutments 177 Cleaning and Sterilizing Abutment Adjustment Instruments 178 References and Additional Reading 179 INDEX 181

Read more less

Book SynopsisTreatment-resistant Depress Successful management of patients with treatment-resistant depression requires a thorough understanding of the biological basis for both the depression and its failure to respond to standard treatments. This book clearly and succinctly summarizes the latest scientific research and its applications in clinical practice. A first step is a clear definition of what constitutes treatment-resistant depression so that clinical trials and other studies are using common criteria, enabling comparison and meta-analysis of their outcomes. The opening chapter reviews definitions and predictors of treatment-resistant depression originating from different fields and discusses their usefulness in clinical practice and clinical research. The next chapter proposes a new definition, adapting terminology from medicine. Biological classification requires identification of genetic risk factors and gene variants have been identified as accounting for 50% of the vTrade Review“After all, this book is recommended for the young psychiatrist, who wants to read an easy introduction to the fascinating world of treatment of resistant depression.” (Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 9 November 2013) “This is a monograph, which could be of great interest to psychiatrists managing patients with TRD. The chapters are written clearly, and the references are comprehensive and up-to-date.” (Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental, 6 November 2013) “The editors should be congratulated for accomplishing the amazing feat of presenting so much information in such a compact book. With an investment of just a few hours, readers can be updated on a very complicated subject . . . The editors should be commended on detailing a variety of treatment options, including nonpharmacological options, which other books fail to emphasize.” (Doody’s, 23 August 2013) Table of ContentsList of Contributors vii Foreword ix 1 Definitions and Predictors of Treatment-resistant Depression 1 Daniel Souery and William Pitchot 2 Treatment-resistant Depression: A Separate Disorder – A New Approach 21 Hans-Jürgen Möller, Florian Seemüller, Rebecca Schennach and Ramesh K. Gupta 3 Genetics of Treatment-resistant Depression 43 Chiara Fabbri, Stefano Porcelli and Alessandro Serretti 4 Is There a Role for Switching Antidepressants in Treatment-resistant Depression? 91 Stuart Montgomery 5 The Role of Atypical Antipsychotics in Inadequateresponse and Treatment-resistant Depression 107 Siegfried Kasper and Elena Akimova 6 Lithium, Thyroid Hormones and Further Augmentation Strategies in Treatment-resistant Depression 129 Robert Haußmann and Michael Bauer 7 The Role of Nonpharmacological Interventions in Treatment-resistant Depression 159 Thomas E. Schläpfer and Sarah Kayser 8 The Role of Psychotherapy in the Management of Treatment-resistant Depression 183 Michael E. Thase Index 209

Read more less

Book SynopsisHandbook for the Assessment of Children's Behaviours with Wiley Desktop Edition This ground-breaking book takes a new approach to the assessment of behaviour in children and adolescents. Written by an expert author team, combining one (Jonathan Williams) with higher qualifications in general practice, child neuropsychiatry, and child and adolescent psychiatry, with one (Peter Hill) with higher qualifications in medicine, paediatrics and child and adolescent psychiatry, the book draws on many thousands of multidisciplinary case discussions, at Great Ormond Street Hospital, in the Children's Multispecialty Assessment Clinic in North London, and in private practice. The book is ideal for the busy mental health professional working in a small team. Organised to allow rapid look-up of behaviours with comprehensive lists of their possible causes, it synthesizes research evidence and clinical experience. The authors interpret behaviour broadly, including not jTrade Review“The addition of the Wiley Desktop edition is an excellent way of making the handbook more portable and accessible. The functionality works on a variety of computers, tablets and phones and this makes this handbook all the more appealing to the modern clinician.” (Child & Adolescent Mental Health, 1 August 2013) “This is a very good resource for professionals working in child and adolescent psychiatry. It provides a very thorough and well-organized guide for the assessment of patients with a wide range of complaints . . . The book offers a unique method to reach an accurate diagnosis, amenable to interventions from a biopsychosocial perspective.” (Doody’s, 1 February 2013) "Overall, this is a fantastic resource for anyone that assesses behaviour in children and adolescents. It is comprehensive and covers an amazing variety of topics in an easy to understand, concise way. This is a handbook that covers the depth and breadth of information that is normally reserved for textbooks and encyclopaedias. A clearly well researched and thought through book that would be valuable on the bookshelf or computer of any health professionals that work with children (the review copy has already been borrowed by colleagues and purchased as a leaving present). In particular the handbook would be relevant for child and adolescent psychiatrists, clinical and educational psychologists, paediatricians and CAMHS professionals both working long-term within the field or whilst still in training. The addition of the Wiley Desktop edition is an excellent way of making the handbook more portable and accessible in any setting. The functionality works on a variety of computers, tablets and phones and this makes this handbook all the more appealing to the modern clinician."(Dr Mark Lovell, Consultant Child and Adolescent Learning Disability Psychiatrist, South Tees LDCAMHS, Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust) “A comprehensive and wide ranging book, exploring children’s behaviours from the routine to the quirky, set within a sound developmental framework. The layout with excellent cross-referencing and explanations is accessible and will be of interest to many clinicians working with children, young people and their families.” (Caryn Onions, Psychotherapist, Oxford, UK) "This is an incredibly useful book. It has a comprehensive list of presentations that frequently leave clinicians wondering what is going on. Beneath each entry lies a treasure trove of sophisticated, up to date evidence about conditions, blended with astute clinical wisdom." (Professor Stephen Scott, Professor of Child Health and Behaviour, Institute of Psychiatry, London)Table of ContentsIntroduction 9 Single Symptoms 11 Multiple symptoms occurring together 21 Cognition 27 General temporal patterns 61 Motor (General) 85 Motor (Specific Behaviours) 101 Sensory 121 Communication 143 Social 167 Home 189 School 215 Play 221 Preferences (General) 227 Preferences (Specific) 243 Breaking rules 249 Anger 285 Anxiety 295 Negativeness 309 Languor 321 Digestive / excretory 327 Bizarre experiences and ideas 343 Contradictions 353 Appendix A: Functional analysis 365 Appendix B: Further investigations / assessments 371 Appendix C: Syndromes and partial syndromes 383 Appendix D: DSM-IV behavioural syndromes 385 Appendix E: Catalogue of causes 393 Appendix F: Forms for assessment or monitoring 399 Appendix G: Mini-physical examination 409 Appendix H: Confidentiality 413 Glossary and index 417 References 577

Read more less

Book SynopsisDigital models based on data from medical images have recently become widespread in the field of biomechanics. This book summarizes medical imaging techniques and processing procedures, both of which are necessary for creating bone models with finite element methods. Chapter 1 introduces the main principles and the application of the most commonly used medical imaging techniques. Chapter 2 describes the major methods and steps of medical image analysis and processing. Chapter 3 presents a brief review of recent studies on reconstructed finite element bone models, based on medical images. Finally, Chapter 4 reveals the digital results obtained for the main bone sites that have been targeted by finite element modeling in recent years.Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Chapter 1. Main Medical Imaging Techniques 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. X-ray imaging 2 1.2.1. Definition of X-rays 2 1.2.2. X-ray instrumentation and generation 4 1.2.3. Applications of X-ray imaging 7 1.2.4. Advantages and disadvantages of X-ray imaging 14 1.3. Computed tomography 14 1.3.1. Description of the technique 15 1.3.2. Development of computed tomography 16 1.3.3. Instrumentation 17 1.3.4. Applications 22 1.3.5. Advantages and disadvantages of computed tomography 25 1.4. Magnetic resonance imaging 25 1.4.1. Instrumentation 26 1.4.2. Generation of the resonance effect 27 1.4.3. Relaxation and contrast 30 1.4.4. Applications of magnetic resonance imaging 33 1.4.5. Advantages and disadvantages of magnetic resonance imaging 36 1.5. Ultrasound imaging 36 1.5.1. Definition of ultrasound 36 1.5.2. Development of ultrasound imaging 37 1.5.3. Generation of ultrasound 38 1.5.4. Transducers 39 1.5.5. Applications of ultrasound techniques 42 1.5.6. Advantages and disadvantages of ultrasound imaging 47 1.6. Comparison between the different medical imaging techniques 47 1.7. Conclusion 48 Chapter 2. Medical Image Analysis and Processing 49 2.1. Introduction 49 2.2. Image compression 49 2.3. Image restoration 50 2.4. Image enhancement 50 2.4.1. Window and level 51 2.4.2. Gamma correction 51 2.4.3. Histogram equalization 52 2.4.4. Image subtraction 52 2.4.5. Spatial filtering 52 2.5. Image analysis 53 2.5.1. Texture features 53 2.5.2. Edges and boundaries 55 2.5.3. Shape and structure 57 2.6. Image segmentation 58 2.6.1. Simple methods of image segmentation 58 2.6.2. Active contour segmentation 60 2.6.3. Variational methods 61 2.6.4. Level set methods 62 2.6.5. Active shape and active appearance models 62 2.6.6. Graph cut segmentation 63 2.6.7. Atlas-based segmentation 63 2.6.8. Deformable model-based segmentation 65 2.6.9. Energy minimization-based segmentation 65 2.6.10. Learning-based segmentation 65 2.6.11. Other approaches 66 2.7. Image registration 66 2.7.1. Dimensionality 67 2.7.2. Nature of the registration basis 68 2.7.3. Nature of the transformation 69 2.7.4. Transformation domain 70 2.7.5. Interaction 71 2.7.6. Optimization procedure 72 2.7.7. Modalities involved 72 2.7.8. Subject 73 2.7.9. Object 74 2.8. Image fusion 74 2.8.1. Pixel fusion methods 74 2.8.2. Subspace methods 75 2.8.3. Multi-scale methods 75 2.8.4. Ensemble learning techniques 75 2.8.5. Simultaneous truth and performance level estimation 76 2.9. Image understanding 76 2.10. Conclusion 76 Chapter 3. Recent Methods of Constructing Finite Element Models Based on Medical Images 79 3.1. Introduction 79 3.2. X-ray-based finite element models 79 3.3. CT-based finite element models 89 3.4. MRI-based finite element models 117 3.5. Ultrasound-based finite element models 121 3.6. Conclusion 124 Chapter 4. Main Bone Sites Modeled Using the Finite Element Method 125 4.1. Introduction 125 4.2. FE modeling of the calcaneus 125 4.3. FE modeling of phalanges 127 4.4. FE modeling of the metatarsal 129 4.5. FE modeling of the tibia 131 4.6. FE modeling of the knee 137 4.7. FE modeling of the femur 140 4.8. FE modeling of the vertebrae 143 4.9. FE modeling of the humerus 147 4.10. FE modeling of the elbow 149 4.11. FE modeling of the ulna 149 4.12. FE modeling of the wrist 150 4.13. Conclusion 152 Conclusion 153 References 155 Index 179

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less