Medical physics Books

Book SynopsisImaging for Students delivers step-by-step guidance to the range of imaging techniques available, providing a clear explanation of how each imaging modality actually works, and including information on the associated risks and hazards. Trade Review"I would have found this book invaluable at medical school, but as a now qualified GP I think it is a fabulous resource. The fact it covers so much is remarkable … It is so comprehensive – great images, well explained." Donna Pilkington, GP with an interest in medical education, Northern Ireland, UK"It is direct and succinct. Just what you need in a portable book that aims to give you the essentials [it does] a great job of incorporating a huge amount of information covering the wide range of radiology examinations and procedures into a readable and practical book for students. A good introduction for year 1 radiology residents too." Dr Mike Hurrell, Clinical Senior Lecturer and Consultant Radiologist, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"The text works very well for the Medical Imaging Students – providing an overview of each modality and key insights into the clinical question to be resolved … the information is presented in an accessible fashion and well-illustrated." Associate Professor Debbie Starkey, Discipline Leader, Medical Radiation Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, AustraliaTable of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. Author biographies. Introduction to medical imaging. Safety in medical imaging. Selected concepts in medical imaging. How to read a chest X-ray. Respiratory system and chest. Cardiovascular system. Gastrointestinal system. Urogenital tract. Central nervous system: brain. Central nervous system: spine. Head and neck. Non-orthopaedic trauma. Musculoskeletal system. Breast imaging. Obstetrics and gynaecology. Paediatrics. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisFosters a thorough understand of radiation dosimetry concepts: detailed solutions to the exercises in the textbook "Fundamentals of Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry"!Table of ContentsPreface vii 1 Background and Essentials 1 2 Charged Particle Interactions 5 3 Uncharged Particle Interactions with Matter 23 4 Field and Dosimetric Quantities and Radiation Equilibrium: Definitions and Interrelations 35 5 Elementary Aspects of the Attenuation of Uncharged Particles through Matter 47 6 Macroscopic Aspects of the Transport of Radiation through Matter 53 Implementation 54 Normalization of Results 55 7 Characterization of Radiation Quality 57 8 The Monte Carlo Simulation of the Transport of Radiation through Matter 69 9 Cavity Theory 85 10 Overview of Radiation Detectors and Measurements 93 11 Primary Radiation Standards 99 12 Ionization Chambers 109 13 Chemical Dosimeters 117 14 Solid-State Dosimeters 123 15 Reference Dosimetry for External Beam Radiation Therapy 129 16 Dosimetry of Small and Composite Radiotherapy Photon Beams 143 17 Reference Dosimetry for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology 145 18 Absorbed-Dose Determination for Radionuclides 153 19 Neutron Dosimetry 169

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Electrolytics 3. Dielectrics 4. Passive Tissue Electrical Properties 5. Excitable Tissue Electrical Properties 6. Geometrical Analysis 7. Instrumentation and Measurement Data and Models 8. Selected Applications 9. History of Bioimpedance and Bioelectricity

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides insight into an unconventional modality of imaging where several spectral images are captured by a single snapshot under multi-laser illumination, ensuring high-speed imaging within extremely narrow spectral bands. This method has three distinct advantages, if compared to common commercial multispectral imaging systems - considerably improved spectral selectivity (or colour sensitivity) of imaging, avoided motion artefacts in the spectral image sets, and simpler/faster image processing as integrals over the spectral bands of imaging are replaced by numbers of the fixed working wavelengths.The basic principles and progress in this field are reviewed, focusing on applications for human skin diagnostics and printed forgery detection. The designs of ten different lab-developed prototypes that implement this method are described, along with results of their laboratory, clinical and/or forensic tests. This research leads to the development of new equipment and pr

Read more less

Book SynopsisModern medical imaging and radiation therapy technologies are so complex and computer driven that it is difficult for physicians and technologists to know exactly what is happening at the point-of-care. Medical physicists responsible for filling this gap in knowledge must stay abreast of the latest advances at the intersection of medical imaging and radiation therapy. This book provides medical physicists and radiation oncologists current and relevant information on Adaptive Radiation Therapy (ART), a state-of-the-art approach that uses a feedback process to account for patient-specific anatomic and/or biological changes, thus delivering highly individualized radiation therapy for cancer patients. The book should also benefit medical dosimetrists and radiation therapists.Adaptive Radiation Therapy describes technological and methodological advances in the field of ART, as well as initial clinical experiences using ART for selected anatomic sites. DividTrade ReviewThe authors have succeeded in creating a single compendium which covers nearly every aspect of this complex subject. There is a great need for such a book given the scope and variety of techniques involved, and the lack of any clear consensus on how to implement adaptive therapy regimes. … It is well laid out, with lots of diagrams, worked examples and case studies as well as referencing all the key documents on the subject. … an excellent one-stop resource for any centre considering implementing adaptive radiotherapy techniques. —Keri Owen, Scope, December 2011The breadth of the book is impressive, and the authors of each chapter provide a wealth of up-to-date references making it easy for readers who are interested in exploring certain ART techniques and technologies in more detail … The editor and the authors are to be commended for producing a valuable work on a very dynamic field that offers a chance for meaningful clinical benefits to many patients receiving radiation therapy for a variety of cancer types and clinical indications.—Moyed Miften, Ph.D., University of Colorado School of Medicine, Medical Physics The editor and authors are to be commended for putting together this excellent book describing the rationale, technologies, implementation, and future research for adaptive radiation therapy (ART). This topic is very timely as ART is the most logical approach to personalized medicine for cancer patients requiring radiation therapy as a single or combined modality treatment. The book contains a wealth of useful information ranging from practical workflow issues to directions of future research. I recommend this book for medical physicists and radiation oncologists who are interested in clinical practice and research utilizing advanced imaging and radiation therapy technology.—James C.H. Chu, Ph.D., Professor and Director of Medical Physics, Rush University Medical CenterDr. Li and his colleagues are to be commended for assembling within a single volume a compendium of recent vast technological progress that advances us towards this paramount goal [of individualized radiation therapy].—From the Foreword by J. Frank WilsonThe authors have succeeded in creating a single compendium which covers nearly every aspect of this complex subject. There is a great need for such a book given the scope and variety of techniques involved, and the lack of any clear consensus on how to implement adaptive therapy regimes. … It is well laid out, with lots of diagrams, worked examples and case studies as well as referencing all the key documents on the subject. … an excellent one-stop resource for any centre considering implementing adaptive radiotherapy techniques. —Keri Owen, Scope, December 2011The breadth of the book is impressive, and the authors of each chapter provide a wealth of up-to-date references making it easy for readers who are interested in exploring certain ART techniques and technologies in more detail … The editor and the authors are to be commended for producing a valuable work on a very dynamic field that offers a chance for meaningful clinical benefits to many patients receiving radiation therapy for a variety of cancer types and clinical indications.—Moyed Miften, Ph.D., University of Colorado School of Medicine, Medical Physics The editor and authors are to be commended for putting together this excellent book describing the rationale, technologies, implementation, and future research for adaptive radiation therapy (ART). This topic is very timely as ART is the most logical approach to personalized medicine for cancer patients requiring radiation therapy as a single or combined modality treatment. The book contains a wealth of useful information ranging from practical workflow issues to directions of future research. I recommend this book for medical physicists and radiation oncologists who are interested in clinical practice and research utilizing advanced imaging and radiation therapy technology.—James C.H. Chu, Ph.D., Professor and Director of Medical Physics, Rush University Medical CenterDr. Li and his colleagues are to be commended for assembling within a single volume a compendium of recent vast technological progress that advances us towards this paramount goal [of individualized radiation therapy].—From the Foreword by J. Frank WilsonTable of ContentsTreatment planning and delivery of physically and biologically adaptive radiation therapy: An introduction. Part I. Treatment Planning. Goals of radiation therapy. 3D and 4D Morphological imaging for radiation treatment planning. Biological Imaging for Radiation Treatment Planning. Biomarkers for early radiation response. Inverse treatment planning. Biologically-based models for treatment planning. Tumor Radiation Response assessment and feedback for treatment planning. Normal Tissue Radiation Response Assessment and Feedback for treatment planning. Part II. Treatment Delivery. IMRT delivery. CT-based IGRT technology. Non-CT based IGRT. Off-line Correction Strategies for interfraction variations. Online Correction strategies for interfraction variations. Intrafraction Variations and Management Technologies. Stereotactic radiation therapy delivery. Image-guide brachytherapy. Quality Assurance in Adaptive Radiation Therapy. Part III. Clinical Applications. Adaptive Radiation Therapy for Central Nervous System. Adaptive Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck. Adaptive Radiation therapy for Breast. Adaptive Radiation Therapy for Lung. Adaptive Radiation Therapy for Liver. Adaptive Radiation Therapy for Prostate. Adaptive Radiation Therapy for Sarcoma.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe book sets out to inform a broad range of professionals working in medicine and healthcare about how creative thinking and design concepts can be used to innovate in providing an enhanced patient experience. It outlines these concepts as a primary means to identify, clarify and resolve some of the process improvement and enhancement challenges in healthcare delivery. It demonstrates by example how such challenges can be addressed, drawing on case examples from healthcare and other industries, and from the authors' own experiences as innovators and educators. It emphasizes the value of learning in action. For the reader who already has a leaning towards novel approaches to addressing healthcare delivery challenges, it provides guidance on harnessing team inputs and engaging with a network of contributors. It is an ideal resource for all working in medicine and healthcare, from managers, nurses, doctors, administrators, executives, and allied health professionals to medical engineeTable of ContentsChapter 1: The Opportunity and Challenge. Chapter 2: Understanding Creative Thinking, Design and Innovation. Chapter 3: Developing the Potential of Healthcare Professionals. Chapter 4: Understanding Multifaceted Problems and Challenges in Healthcare and Setting About Solving Them. Chapter 5: Understanding Creative Confidence, Design and Innovation. Chapter 6: Where do Mindset and Climate Fit? Chapter 7: Creating an Environment for Creative Thinking, Design and Innovation. Chapter 8: Putting it All together – How might you move your healthcare setting towards an innovation culture and mindset?

Read more less

Book SynopsisDeconditioning is an integrated physiological response of the body to a reduction in metabolic rate, that is, to a reduction in energy use or in exercise level. Deconditioning and Reconditioning presents selected background information on the many aspects of ground-based and in-flight physiological research and applications. This multi-author volume emphasizes human research programs on prolonged bed rest, immersion and confinement studies simulating conditions of space flight, as well as data from humans in space. Consolidating this research, chapters cover the psycho-sociological aspects of confinement deconditioning, the effects of deconditioning and reconditioning on aerobic power, thermoregulation during deconditioning, and practical applications.Trade Review"This book is a valuable contribution to the field. Each contributing author presents a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge regarding their specific topic. … This book contains much useful information about the physiological deconditioning response associated with bed rest, prolonged water immersion, and prolonged space flight and weightlessness. The book is a good starting point for all students interested in understanding where good health begins, i.e., being physically active." - Doody's Review "[T]he volume offers a global experience in the understanding of maintaining optimal physiology. Dr. Greenleaf and his collaborators have created a useful primer and reference text on the physiology of conditioning and deconditioning … The editor and the various authors have made an admirable effort in keeping the reading both engaging and understandable for an audience not necessarily limited to medical personnel. … [T]his work offers a wealth of information for a wide audience or readers: aerospace physiologists, physicians, nurses, and technicians … . ." - Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine "The individual chapters are informative… .The text will provide useful graduate-level reading…."-Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, Roy J. ShephardTable of ContentsIntroduction. Psycho-Sociological Aspects of Confinement Deconditioning. Effects of Deconditioning and Reconditioning on Aerobic Power. Physiological Consequences of Deconditioning in Physically Active Populations. Immobilization and Disuse Muscular Atrophy. Free Radical Processes in Conditioning and Deconditioning. Water Immersion Deconditioning in Medicine. The Brittle Bones of Deconditioning. Bed Rest Muscular Atrophy. Bed Rest and Orthostatic-Hypotensive Intolerance. Thermoregulation During Deconditioning.

Read more less

Book SynopsisLinear Accelerators for Radiation Therapy, Second Edition focuses on the fundamentals of accelerator systems, explaining the underlying physics and the different features of these systems. This edition includes expanded sections on the treatment head, on x-ray production via multileaf and dynamic collimation for the production of wedged and other intensity modulated beams, on electron scattering systems, and on dosimetry. With high-quality illustrations and practical examples throughout, it contains a detailed description of electron beam optics and linear accelerator components. The final chapter explains how to use other equipment, such as scanners and simulators, in conjunction with linear accelerators for optimum treatment of cancers.Trade Review"… a very welcome second edition … thoroughly up to date with sections on MLCs, EPIDs, computer control of LINACs, dosimetry protocols, imaging, and costs … intensely practical and useful volume …" -Professor S. Webb, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Trust "… excellent … clearly written for medical physicists in the field." -Professor S. Lillicrap, Head of Medical Physics, Wessex Regional Medical Physics Service "… notable improvements include … technology of state-of-the-art radiotherapy techniques, more in-depth treatment of specialist topics such as waveguide theory and electron beam optics … marked increase in the number and quality of diagrams." -J.B. Tuohy, Head of Radiotherapy Technology, Cookridge Hospital "… a useful book for the indicated readership…" -A.N.L. Kay, Director, Varian Oncology Systems "… a reasonably sized and priced textbook that should be on every therapy department bookshelf and in every medical and radiography school. Radiographers, radiotherapists, medical technical officers, manufacturers, and clinical scientists would all benefit from this book." -P.H. Smithson, Principal Physicist, Medical Equipment Management Organisation, Bristol Oncology Centre, RAD Magazine, April 1998Table of ContentsGeneral description of a linear accelerator and its component systems. Basic processes in electron acceleration - the accelerating waveguide. The microwave system and its high voltage supplies. The vacuum, cooling and ancillary systems. The electron beam (its production and transport). The treatment head. The dose monitoring and control system. Beam direction and beam shaping devices. Mechanical systems. Control and interlock systems. Treatment verification. Specification, performance and calibration. Radiation protection and room design. Accelerator operation. Simulators and tomographic scanners. Contemporary developments.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA state-of-the-art review of key topics in medical image perception science and practice, including associated techniques, illustrations and examples. This second edition contains extensive updates and substantial new content. Written by key figures in the field, it covers a wide range of topics including signal detection, image interpretation and advanced image analysis (e.g. deep learning) techniques for interpretive and computational perception. It provides an overview of the key techniques of medical image perception and observer performance research, and includes examples and applications across clinical disciplines including radiology, pathology and oncology. A final chapter discusses the future prospects of medical image perception and assesses upcoming challenges and possibilities, enabling readers to identify new areas for research. Written for both newcomers to the field and experienced researchers and clinicians, this book provides a comprehensive reference for those interesTrade Review'In The Handbook of Medical Image Perception and Techniques, Samei and Krupinski have assembled a group of internationally-recognized experts to address an important but under-emphasized stage in the process of medical imaging.' William Hendee, Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Medical College of Wisconsin'A concise text that offers a unique collection of chapters from all the leading authors in medical perception. I would highly recommend this text for anyone wanting to know more about medical perception from its historical perspective to current research. A must have reference for anyone wanting to join in this exciting discipline.' Lonie R. Salkowski, University of Wisconsin, Madison'Drs Elizabeth Krupinski and Ehsan Samei have given us a wonderful new edition of their landmark textbook on medical image perception, with updated chapters throughout and with approximately thirty percent new material added since the first edition was published in 2010. This new volume comprehensively updates and extends the 'keystone' publication in the field of medical image perception research. Each chapter is the definitive reference on its topic, authored by a foremost expert. With this new edition, Drs Krupinski and Samei have assembled a compendium of what amounts to decades of research and accumulated wisdom in a compact package-comprehensive and yet still very accessible for a broad audience. … Anyone with an interest in this topic will find this book to be an invaluable resource.' Michael A. Bruno, Pennsylvania State UniversityTable of Contents1. Medical image perception Ehsan Samei and Elizabeth Krupinski; 2. A short history of image perception in medical radiology Harold Kundel and Calvin Nodine; 3. Spatial vision research without noise Arthur Burgess; 4. Signal detection theory – a brief history Arthur Burgess; 5. Signal detection in radiology Arthur Burgess; 6. Lessons from dinners with the giants of modern image science Robert Wagner; 7. Perception in context David Manning; 8. Perceptual factors in reading medical images Elizabeth A Krupinski; 9. Cognitive factors in reading medical images David Manning; 10. Satisfaction of search in radiology Kevib Berbaum, Edmund Franken, Robert Caldwell, Kevin Schartz and Mark Madsen; 11. Acquiring expertise in radiologic image interpretation Calvin F. Nodine and Claudia Mello-Thoms; 12. The first moments of medical image perception Jeremy M. Wolfe, Karla K. Evans and Trafton Drew; 13. Image quality and its clinical relevance Justin Solomon, Robert Saunders, Jr and Ehsan Samei; 14. Designing perception experiments Ehsan Samei; 15. Receiver operating characteristic analysis: basic concepts and practical applications Georgia Tourassi; 16. Multireader ROC analysis Stephen L. Hillis; 17. Memory effects and experimental design Tamara Miner Haygood and Karla K. Evans; 18. Observer models as a surrogate to perception experiments Craig K. Abbey and Miguel P. Eckstein; 19. Implementation of observer models Matthew A. Kupinski; 20. Value and limitations of observer models Lucretiu M. Popescu; 21. Perception of volumetric data Geoffrey D. Rubin, Trafton Drew and Lauren H. Williams; 22. Performance assessment using standardized data sets: the PERFORMS® scheme in breast screening and other domains Yan Chen and Alastair Gale; 23. Breast screen reader assessment strategy (BREAST): a research infrastructure with a translational objective Patrick Brennan, Lee Warwick and Kriscia Tapia; 24. CAD: an image perception perspective Maryellen Giger and Weijie Chen; 25. Common designs of CAD studies Yulei Jiang; 26. Evaluation of CAD and radiomic tools Berkman Sahiner and Nicholas Petrick; 27. Quantitative imaging – images to numbers Daniel C. Sullivan and Edward F. Jackson; 28. Optimization of 2D and 3D radiographic imaging systems Jeffrey H. Siewerdsen; 29. Display optimization from a physics perspective Alisa Walz-Flannigan and Scott Stekel; 30. Display optimisation from a perception perspective Mark Mcentee and Rachel Toomey; 31. Perception and training William F. Auffermann and Maciej Mazurowski; 32. Ergonomics 2.0: fatigue in medical imaging Sian Taylor-Phillips, Chris Stinton and Elizabeth Krupinski; 33. Perception issues in pathology Liron Pananowitz, Claudia Mello-Thoms and Elizabeth A. Krupinski; 34. Medical image perception from a clinical perspective Francine L. Jacobson; 35. Future of medical image perception Elizabeth A. Krupinski and Ehsan Samei.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe study of dielectric properties of biological systems and their components is important not only for fundamental scientific knowledge but also for its applications in medicine, biology, and biotechnology. The associated technique - known as dielectric spectroscopy - has enabled researchers to quickly and accurately acquire time- or frequency-spectra of permittivity and conductivity and permitted the derivation and testing of realistic electrical models for cells and organelles. This text covers the theoretical basis and practical aspects of the study of dielectric properties of biological systems, such as water, electrolyte and polyelectrolytes, solutions of biological macromolecules, cells suspensions and cellular systems. The authors'' combined efforts provide a comprehensive and cohesive book that takes advantage of the expertise of multiple scientists involved in cutting-edge research in the specific sub-fields of bio-dielectric spectroscopy while maintaining its self-consistencTrade ReviewThis book is a tremendously useful tool for researchers who wish to understand dielectric relaxation methods aimed at studying biological materials. It covers experimental techniques, data analyses, as well as models, in each case ranging from historical backgrounds to state-of-the-art approaches. Challenging features of biological materials such as interfacial dielectric effects and the role of water are covered in detail by experts in the field. The book provides many examples of dielectric signatures of biological processes and illustrates these by informative figures. * Ranko Richert, *The textbook presents a view of dielectric theory, analysis and associated experimental techniques with a focus on biological applications. It addresses the determination of permittivity over a wide range of frequencies and conductivities and presents the methodology for dealing with electrode polarization by experimental techniques and analysis. The text presents a compendium of data, contemporary analyses and results that delineate the system dynamics on biologically interesting systems, ranging from water to macromolecules to membranes to cells. This text is intended for scientists who need information on such systems and/or who want to augment their research arsenal with dielectric measurements. This text is well annotated with useful references. * John G. Berberian *Table of ContentsPART I: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND; PART II: EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND TECHNIQUES; PART III: APPLICATIONS

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisLooking at the politics of nuclear waste, this book examines the subject from an international standpoint. Other works by the author Andrew Blowers include "The Limits of Power" and "Something in the Air", and he has been co-editor on books such as "Nuclear Power in Crisis".Table of ContentsAn Achilles Heel; from scientific serendipity to scientific problem; the battle of the dumps - part 1, the causes of the conflict; the battle of the dumps - part 2, the causes of the conflict; the United States - in search of the nuclear oasis; nuclear waste in Western Europe; the way forward.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisCollagen: Structure and Mechanics provides a cohesive introduction to this biological macromolecule and its many applications in biomaterials and tissue engineering. Graduate students and postdoctoral researchers in the fields of materials, (bio-)engineering, physics, chemistry and biology will gain an understanding of the structure and mechanical behavior of type I collagen and collagen-based tissues in vertebrates, across all length scales from the molecular (nano) to the organ (macro) level. Written in a clear and didactic manner, this volume includes current knowledge on the hierarchical structure, mechanical properties, in addition to a review of deformation and strengthening mechanisms. Collagen: Structure and Mechanics is an excellent reference for new researchers entering this areaand serves as a basis for lecturing in the interdisciplinary field of biological materials science.Table of ContentsCollagen: Structure and Mechanics, an Introduction.- Collagen Diversity, Synthesis and Assembly.- Collagen Fibrillar Structure and Hierarchies.- Restraining Cross-Links Responsible for the Mechanical Properties of Collagen Fibers: Natural and Artificial.- Damage and Fatigue.- Viscoelasticity, Energy Storage and Transmission and Dissipation by Extracellular Matrices in Vertebrates.- Nanoscale Deformation Mechanisms in Collagen.- Hierarchical Nanomechanics of Collagen Fibrils: Atomistic and Molecular Modeling.- Mechanical Adaptation and Tissue Remodeling.- Tendons and Ligaments: Structure, Mechanical Behavior and Biological Function.- Collagen in Arterial Walls: Biomechanical Aspects.- The Extracellular Matrix of Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle.- The Cornea and Sclera.- Collagen and the Mechanical Properties of Bone and Calcified Cartilage.- Dentin.- Genetic Collagen Diseases: Influence of Collagen Mutations on Structure and Mechanical Behavior.- Biomimetic Collagen Tissues: Collagenous Tissue Engineering and Other Applications.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChapter 1. Brief Outline of the Development of Medical Physics.- Chapter 2. Feynman's Classification of Three Stages in the Study of Natural Phenomena.- Chapter 3. Basic principles of synergetics and its medical application.- Chapter 4. Physical Foundations of Neurophysiology: Non-Linear Models of Action Potential Propagation and Synaptic Transmission.- Chapter 5. Thermal Radiation of the Human Body and its Medical Applications??????.- Chapter 6. Physical Principles of Radiation Medicine.- Chapter 7. Application of Quantum Mechanics Methods in Medical Diagnostics.- Chapter 8. Physics and Possibilities of Human Extrasensory Perception.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe textbook begins with exercises related to radioactive sources and decay schemes. The problems covered include series decay and how to determine the frequency and energy of emitted particles in disintegrations. The next chapter deals with the interaction of ionizing radiation, including the treatment of photons and charged particles. The main focus is on applications based on the knowledge of interaction, to be used in subsequent work and courses. The textbook then examines detectors and measurements, including both counting statistics and properties of pulse detectors. The chapter that follows is dedicated to dosimetry, which is a major subject in medical radiation physics. It covers theoretical applications, such as different equilibrium situations and cavity theories, as well as experimental dosimetry, including ionization chambers and solid state and liquid dosimeters. A shorter chapter deals with radiobiology, where different cell survival models are considered. The last chapter concerns radiation protection and health physics. Both radioecology and radiation shielding calculations are covered. The textbook includes tables to simplify the solutions of the exercises, but the reader is mainly referred to important websites for importing necessary data.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe basic logic is very simple. Countries around the globe have a need for more electrical generating capacity because of increases in population and increases in energy use per capita. The needs are constrained by the requirement that the ba- load energy source be economical, secure, and not emit climate-changing gases. Nuclear power fits this description. Therefore, many countries that have not had a nuclear power program (or only had a small program) see a need to develop one in the future. However, the development of a national nuclear energy program is not so simple. The purpose of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nuclear Power and Energy Security was to contribute to our understanding of how these programs might evolve. The workshop took place 26–29 May 2009 in Yerevan, Armenia. Approximately 50 participants discussed the infrastructure that is needed and some of the reactor options that might be considered. The papers in this book helped define the discussion that took place. The infrastructure that is needed includes a legal framework, a functioning regulator, a plan for waste disposal, a plan for emergency response, etc. These needs were explained and just as importantly, it was explained what international, bilateral, and regional cooperation is available. Although there were many co- tries represented, the Armenian experience was of particular interest because of where the meeting was located. The papers on reactor options covered both innovative and evolutionary designs.Table of ContentsPreface.- RA President’s Message.- Opening Remarks NATO Advanced Research Workshop; D. Diamond.- -Developing The Necessary Infrastructure. IAEA Activities in Support of Countries Considering Embarking on Nuclear Power Programme; O. Akira.-Creating a National Nuclear Regulatory Authority; R. Way.- Building Safeguards Infrastructure; J. McClelland-Kerr et al.- Regulatory Challenges Related To The Licensing Of A New Nuclear Power Plant; M. Maris.- Infrastructure Development Through Civil Nuclear Cooperation; M. Humphrey, A. Burkart.-Nuclear Safety Infrastructure; R. Moffitt.- Upgrading Nuclear Regulatory Infrastructure in Armenia; A. Martirosyan et al.- Seven Principles of Highly Effective Nuclear Energy Programs; Ch. Ferguson, Ph. Reed.- The Case For Nuclear Energy. Nuclear Safety and Energy Security; G. Trosman.-Nuclear Energy and Social Impact; N. Carpintero-Santamaria.-The Role of Nuclear Power in the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions; A. Baratta.-Nuclear Energy & Energy Security; J. Mamasakhlisi.- Overview Of The Electricity Market Of Estonia And The Plausibility Of Nuclear Energy Production; M. Lehtveer, A. Tkaczyk.-The role of Small and Medium Reactors in the Energy Security of a Country, IRIS Example; N. Cavlina.-- Applicable Technology. Status Report on the Safety of Operating US Nuclear Power Plants; R. Budnitz.- NATO-ASTEC-MATRIX -Research Environment, Information Sharing and MC&A; S. Apikyan et al.- Establishing Control Over Nuclear Materials And Radiation Sources In Georgia; G. Basilia.- Nuclear Energy In Armenia History, Problems, Possibilities And Outlook; G. Sevikya et al.-Development of Nuclear Energy in Armenia; A. Gevorgyan, A.Galstyan.- Some Neutron Absorbing Elements and Devices for Fast Nuclear Reactors Regulation Systems; P. Kervalishvili.- Development of Design of a Radioisotope Switchable Neutron Source and New Portable Detector of Smuggling; L. Meskhi, L.Kurdadze.- New designs of medium power VVER reactor plants; S.B.Ryzhov et al.-National Assessment Study In Armenia Using Innovative Nuclear Reactors And Fuel Cycles Methodology For An Innovative Nuclear Systems In A Country With Small Grid; V. Sargysan et al.- CANDLE Reactor: An Option For Simple, Safe, High Nuclear Proliferation Resistant, Small Waste And Efficient Fuel Use Reactor; H. Sekimoto.- Emissions of the corrosion radionucides in an atmosphere; M. Vardanyan.- IAEA Support for Operating Nuclear Reactors; O. Akira.-The Solid Coolant and Prospects of Its Use in Innovative Reactors; A.M Dmitriev, V. Deniskin.- Innovation Projects of Atomic Energy Institute of National Nuclear Center RK in the Area of Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy; E.Kenzhin et al.- Innovative Designs of Nuclear Reactors; B. Gabaraev, Y. Cherepnin.- Development of Devices for Handling with BN-350 Radioactive Waste; A.G. Ikanov et al.- Institutional Support to the Nuclear Power Based on Transportable Installations; V. Kuznetsov, Y. Cherepnin.-International Cooperation and Security in the Field of Nuclear Energy in Armenia; D. Khachatryan et al.- Applied Model of Through-Wall Crack of Coolant Vessels of VVER-type Reactors; V.Petrosyan et al.-Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIntroduction.- Bone.- Bone Cells.-  Bone Extracellular Matrix.- Bone ECM Proteins Part I.- Bone ECM Proteins Part II.- Bioactivity and Osteogenic Features.- Nano-Bioceramics.- Composites for BTE.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDevelopment of a Web-Based Maternal Health Monitoring System: Advancing Beyond Manual Record-keeping.- Development and Testing of a Home-based Phototherapy System for Neonatal Jaundice.- Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Via Infrared Absorbance.- mpowering Predictive Maintenance of Medical Equipment through AI[1]Driven Condition Monitoring.- Multi-Label Convolutional Neural Network For Multiple Diseases Detection In Chest Radiographs.- Artificial Intelligence in Prosthetic Gait Assessment and Prosthesis Control: Present and Future.- Preliminary Analysis of Ultrasound Features for Detection of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Women.- Mechanomyography Analysis of Respiratory Muscle Function while Singing in Spinal Cord Injury.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMould's Medical Anecdotes: Omnibus Edition is a fabulous collection of anecdotes on the humorous, intriguing, unusual, mysterious, and historical aspects of medicine. It combines the hugely successful Mould's Medical Anecdotes and More Mould's Medical Anecdotes and includes a selection of more recently collected material. Dr. Mould searched newspapers, advertisements, case histories, monologues, and medical journals on both sides of the Atlantic for this treasure trove.Trade Review"… You do not need to have this edition on your office desk but inside the drawer, within easy reach. It will be of great value and you will love it! … you may sit in your armchair for hours, smiling, laughing, and learning unusual things with astonishment. … You should buy the book, order another one as a gift for your friend(s) … you will get a lot of information, entertainment, and pleasure." -O. Pohlenz, European Radiology, Vol. 7, Issue 7, 1997 Praise for the previous edition:"A delightful collection of medical quips, quirks, and quackeries." -Daily Express "…a mine of fun, charm, and poignancy." -RAD Magazine "There is something to interest everyone here." -Clinical Biochemist "Excellent-don't pinch your colleague's; buy your own!" -HPA BulletinTable of ContentsA selection of ancedotes: King's Evil. A Royal Malady. Royal Baths. The King is Dead. Queen Anne's Oculist. Optician's Advertisement. Ivan the Terrible's Skeleton. Napoleon III's Bladder Stone. One of the Favourite Jokes of Suicidal Patients. A King as Dentist. Dentistry, 1523. The Guinea Jaw. Oliver Cromwell's Head. Head Shrinking. Why are the Heads of Men Hairy? Holes in Their Heads. The Esau Lady. Traffic in Human Hair. The Brothers Tocci. Ear Surgery. The Safety Tomb. Irish Export Trade in Dead Bodies. Skeletons for Sale. Kuda Bax and the Indian Fire Walk. Letter on Corpulence. Spinach as a Source of Iron. The Human Dustbin. Self-Induced Excess Iron Therapy. Foreign Bodies. Curing Piles with Petrol. Early Medical X-Rays. Tavern of the Dead. The Sufferer. Medical Diploma. Marriage and X-Rays. Real and Fake Diamonds. The Madman's Will. Gas Bulb Surrounded by Profanity. Who Made the Hospital Kettle Radioactive? Early Medical Radium. Sir William Gull. Tutankhamun's Head. The Yin and the Yang. Circumcision, 2340 BC. Birth of Twins, 2340 BC. Medical Handwriting. Lead Poisoning in the Ancient World. Inheritance Pattern of Death. Life and Death of Mok the Gorilla. Internal Combustion. Surgical Instruments, 2340 Bc. Surgical Instruments, AD 1739. Siberian Shaman. Why the Pill's Success Rate is Low in Asia. American Indian Medicine Man. Mapuche Medicine Women. Plus more...

Read more less

Book SynopsisBone is a complex biological material that consists of both an inorganic and organic phase, which undergoes continuous dynamic biological processes within the body. This complex structure and the need to acquire accurate data have resulted in a wide variety of methods applied in the physical analysis of bone in vivo and in vitro. Each method has its own strengths and applications depending on the information sought by the clinician or researcher.The Physical Measurement of Bone provides a detailed description of all the major methods of bone analysis, including brief comments on clinical evaluation. The physics of each method are introduced as well as a summary of practical procedures. The book is essential reading for practicing medical physicists and technicians who need to know about the many methods of bone analysis open to them, and, more importantly, the wide coverage provides a good introductory framework for students of medical physics and biomedical engineering.Table of ContentsLIST OF CONTRIBUTORS, PREFACE, SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION, 1. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND DISEASE, 1.1. Introduction, 1.2. Bone morphology and organization, 1.3. Bone tissue I: the role of bone cells, 1.3.1. The osteoclast, 1.3.2. The osteoblast, 1.3.3. The osteocytes, 1.4. Bone tissue II: the bony matrix, 1.5. Bone composition: mineralization of bone matrix, 1.6. Metabolic disorders of bone, 1.6.1. Introduction, 1.7. Osteoporosis, 1.7.1. Introduction, 1.7.2. Pathophysiology of osteoporosis, 1.7.3. Etiologic factors in osteoporosis, 1.7.4. Epidemiology, 1.8. Summary, References, 2. BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS, 2.1. Introduction, 2.2. Duties and responsibilities, 2.3. Environmental protection, 2.4. Risk assessment, 2.5. Quantifying risk, 2.6. Acceptable risk, 2.7. Risk reduction, 2.8. Hierarchy of risk reduction, 2.9. Specific risks associated with the processing of bone, 2.9.1. Hazard identification, 2.10. Mechanical hazards, 2.10.1. Sawing bone, 2.10.2. Electrical hazards, 2.10.3. Chemical hazards, 2.11. Hazard identification, 2.11.1. Toxicity hazard, 2.11.2. Corrosive hazards, 2.11.3. Exposure limits, 2.11.4. Reactive hazards, 2.11.5. Flammability hazards, 2.12. Extinguishers, 2.13. Risk reduction and control: chemicals, 2.13.1. Fume cupboards, 2.13.2. Biological hazards, 2.14. Hazard categories of biological agents, 2.15. Hazard identification and hazard reduction at source, 2.15.1. For human bone, 2.15.2. For animal bone, 2.16. Prion diseases, 2.17. Biological control measures, 2.17.1. Allergens: control of exposure, 2.17.2. Microbiological safety cabinets, 2.17.3. Disinfectants, 2.17.4. Disinfection of cryostats, 2.17.5. Fumigation, 2.17.6. Disinfection of mechanical testing equipment and machine tools, 2.17.7. Autoclaves, 2.17.8. Disposal of biological waste, 2.17.9. Removal of equipment, 2.18. Use of personal protective equipment, 2.19. General managerial considerations, 2.19.1. Restricted access and permits to work, 2.19.2. Occupational health screening, 2.19.3

Read more less

Book SynopsisDiscover the Applicability, Benefits, and Potential of New Technologies As advances in algorithms and computer technology have bolstered the digital signal processing capabilities of real-time sonar, radar, and non-invasive medical diagnostics systems, cutting-edge military and defense research has established conceptual similarities in these areas. Now civilian enterprises can use government innovations to facilitate optimal functionality of complex real-time systems. Advanced Signal Processing details a cost-efficient generic processing structure that exploits these commonalities to benefit commercial applications. Learn from a Renowned Defense Scientist, Researcher, and InnovatorThe author preserves the mathematical focus and key information from the first edition that provided invaluable coverage of topics including adaptive systems, advanced beamformers, and volume visualization methods in medicine. Integrating the bTable of ContentsSignal Processing Concept Similarities among Sonar, Radar, and Non-Invasive Medical Diagnostics Systems. GENERIC TOPICS PROCESSING. Adapting Systems In Signal Processing. Advanced Beamformers. Advanced Applications of Volume Visualization Methods in Medicine. Non-Destructive Computed Tomography. Blind Deconvolution in Image Processing. A Review of Medical Image Registration and Fusion Techniques. SONAR AND RADAR SYSTEM APPLICATIONS. Sonar Systems. Advanced Sonar Signal Processing, Theory and Implementation. Phased Array Radars. NON-INVASIVE MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS. Correction of Motion Artifacts in x-ray CT Medical Imaging Applications. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Systems)Functional Imaging of Tissues by Kinetic Modeling of Contrast Agents in MRI. Technologies on Non-Invasive Monitoring of Vital Signs.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWhile there are many excellent texts focused on clinical medical imaging, there are few books that approach in vivo imaging technologies from the perspective of a scientist or physicianscientist using, or interested in using, these techniques in research. It is for these individuals that Essentials of In Vivo Biomedical Imaging is written.Featuring contributions from leading experts in the field, this authoritative reference text helps answer the following often-asked questions: Can imaging address my question? Which technique should I use? How does it work? What information does it provide? What are its strengths and limitations? What applications is it best suited for? How can I analyze the data? By explaining what each imaging technology can measure, describing major methods and approaches, and giving examples demonstrating the rich repertoire of modern biomedical imaging to address a wide range of morphological, functional, metabolic, and molecTrade Review"This is an excellent introductory book, valuable in its recognition of the interdisciplinary biomedical scientist researcher, and notable for its readability and well-balanced coverage. It will be appreciated by scientific researchers finding themselves involved in a project with an unfamiliar imaging technique, or by the more experienced researcher preparing to meet with an imaging specialist. It is also an attractive introductory text for a medical physicist."—Scope, September 2015"While material is presented at some depth, using appropriate mathematics, physics, and engineering when necessary for those who really want to dig into a particular imaging technique, it also is a book for the more casual user of imaging. Large fractions of the text are accessible to researchers independent of their specific scientific background, where the emphasis is on explaining what each imaging technology can measure, describing major methods and approaches, and giving examples demonstrating the rich repertoire of modern biomedical imaging to address a wide range of morphological, functional, metabolic, and molecular parameters in a safe and noninvasive manner."—SirReadaLot.org, October 2015"The book is well written and attractively produced and I believe it will prove genuinely useful to the target audience and also to a wider range of scientists who make use of imaging for their work or find the topic interesting." –Contemporary Physics (2016), review by Prof. Peter V. E. McClintock"This textbook … makes biomedical imaging accessible to researchers from a wide variety of academic disciplines."—Steven Meikle, Professor of Medical Imaging Physics, The University of Sydney, Australia"… a very good overview of in vivo biomedical imaging technologies … appropriate for biomedical engineering, electrical engineering, and medical physics students. The inclusion of the chapter on quantitative image analysis methods is timely."—John D. Hazle, Professor and Chairman, Department of Imaging Physics, and Bernard W. Biedenharn Chair in Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA"Terrific book. It is essential reading for anyone using imaging as a research tool."—Michael F. Insana, Willett Professor of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA"An ideal overview of medical imaging systems for anyone looking for clarity in presentation of the systems and a simple elegance to understanding them. The authors have achieved a balance of getting to the point and yet providing just enough text and illustration to understand it."—Brian W. Pogue, Professor of Engineering, Physics & Astronomy, and Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA"An excellent book … very comprehensive with ample color figures, which make it easy to read. I strongly recommend this book to students, scientists, and faculty that work in the field of biomedical imaging."—Weibo Cai, Associate Professor of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA"This is an excellent introductory book, valuable in its recognition of the interdisciplinary biomedical scientist researcher, and notable for its readability and well-balanced coverage. It will be appreciated by scientific researchers finding themselves involved in a project with an unfamiliar imaging technique, or by the more experienced researcher preparing to meet with an imaging specialist. It is also an attractive introductory text for a medical physicist."—Scope, September 2015"While material is presented at some depth, using appropriate mathematics, physics, and engineering when necessary for those who really want to dig into a particular imaging technique, it also is a book for the more casual user of imaging. Large fractions of the text are accessible to researchers independent of their specific scientific background, where the emphasis is on explaining what each imaging technology can measure, describing major methods and approaches, and giving examples demonstrating the rich repertoire of modern biomedical imaging to address a wide range of morphological, functional, metabolic, and molecular parameters in a safe and noninvasive manner."—SirReadaLot.org, October 2015"The book is well written and attractively produced and I believe it will prove genuinely useful to the target audience and also to a wider range of scientists who make use of imaging for their work or find the topic interesting." –Contemporary Physics (2016), review by Prof. Peter V. E. McClintock"This textbook … makes biomedical imaging accessible to researchers from a wide variety of academic disciplines."—Steven Meikle, Professor of Medical Imaging Physics, The University of Sydney, Australia"… a very good overview of in vivo biomedical imaging technologies … appropriate for biomedical engineering, electrical engineering, and medical physics students. The inclusion of the chapter on quantitative image analysis methods is timely."—John D. Hazle, Professor and Chairman, Department of Imaging Physics, and Bernard W. Biedenharn Chair in Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA"Terrific book. It is essential reading for anyone using imaging as a research tool."—Michael F. Insana, Willett Professor of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA"An ideal overview of medical imaging systems for anyone looking for clarity in presentation of the systems and a simple elegance to understanding them. The authors have achieved a balance of getting to the point and yet providing just enough text and illustration to understand it."—Brian W. Pogue, Professor of Engineering, Physics & Astronomy, and Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA"An excellent book … very comprehensive with ample color figures, which make it easy to read. I strongly recommend this book to students, scientists, and faculty that work in the field of biomedical imaging."—Weibo Cai, Associate Professor of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, USATable of ContentsOverview. X-Ray Projection Imaging and Computed Tomography. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Ultrasound. Optical and Optoacoustic Imaging. Radionuclide Imaging. Quantitative Image Analysis.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPET and SPECT imaging has improved to such a level that they are opening up exciting new horizons in medical diagnosis and treatment. This book provides a complete introduction to fundamentals and the latest progress in the field, including an overview of new scintillator materials and innovations in photodetector development, as well as the latest system designs and image reconstruction algorithms. It begins with basics of PET and SPECT physics, followed by technology advances and computing methods, quantitative techniques, multimodality imaging, instrumentation, pre-clinical and clinical imaging applications.Trade Review"A well-written, comprehensive, advanced-level book that also provides enough information about the physics, mathematics, instrumentation, quantification, and clinical applications of these imaging modalities."-Jun Zhang, The Ohio State UniversityTable of ContentsPart 1 BASICS. Principles of SPECT and PET Imaging. Part 2 TECHNOLOGY. Scintillators for PET and SPECT. Photodetectors. Acquisition Electronics. SPECT Instrumentation. PET Instrumentation. PART 3 QUANTITATIVE IMAGING. Methodologies for Quantitative SPECT. Data Corrections and Quantitative PET. Image Reconstruction for PET and SPECT. High-Performance Computing in Emission Tomography. Methods and Applications of Dynamic. SPECT Imaging. Dynamic PET Imaging. Part 4 MULTIMODALITY IMAGING. PET/CT. SPECT/CT. PET/MRI. Part 5 PRECLINICAL IMAGING AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS. Preclinical PET and SPECT. Clinical Applications of PET/CT and SPECT/CT Imaging

Read more less

Book SynopsisMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique used in biomedical imaging and radiology to visualize internal structures of the body. Because MRI provides excellent contrast between different soft tissues, the technique is especially useful for diagnostic imaging of the brain, muscles, and heart.In the past 20 years, MRI technology has improved significantly with the introduction of systems up to 7 Tesla (7 T) and with the development of numerous post-processing algorithms such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), functional MRI (fMRI), and spectroscopic imaging. From these developments, the diagnostic potentialities of MRI have improved impressively with an exceptional spatial resolution and the possibility of analyzing the morphology and function of several kinds of pathology.Given these exciting developments, the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Handbook: Imaging of the Pelvis, Musculoskeletal System, and Special Applications to CAD is a timely addiTable of ContentsMagnetic Resonance Imaging of Kidneys and Ureters. Carcinoma of the Bladder and Urethra. Male Pelvis (Prostate, Seminal Vesicles, and Testes). Uterus and Vagina. Benign and Malignant Conditions of the Ovaries and Peritoneum. MRI of the Placenta and the Pregnant Patient. MRI of Pelvic Floor Disorders. Degenerative Disease of the Spine and Other Spondyloarthropathies. Spine Infections. Traumatic Disease of the Spine. Neoplastic Disease of the Spine. MR Pathology of Sacrum and Ilium. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Soft Tissues. Temporomandibular Joints. MR-Guided Interventional Radiology of the Musculoskeletal System. MR of the Lymphatics. Pediatric Applications. Fetal MRI. Postmortem and Forensic Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound. PET/MRI: Concepts and Clinical Applications. Computer-Aided Diagnosis with MR Images of the Brain.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWritten by one of the world''s leading experts in the field of nuclear medicine dosimetry, this text describes in detail the use of internal dose calculations in the practice of nuclear medicine. While radiation therapy with external sources of radiation always employs calculations of dose to optimize therapy for each patient, this is not routinely conducted in nuclear medicine therapy. As the trend towards an increasing role of dosimetry in therapy planning increases, this book reviews the available methods and technologies available to make this a more common practice. The book begins by covering the mathematical fundamentals of internal dose calculations, and uses sample calculations to demonstrate key principles. The book then moves forward to describe anthropomorphic models, dosimetric models, and types and uses of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. The depth of coverage makes it useful reference and guide for researchers performing dose calculations and foTable of ContentsBasic principles of dosimetry calculations. Current anthropomorphic models for dosimetry. Use of animal models in internal dose calculations. Special dosimetry models. Dose calculations for diagnostic pharmaceuticals. Dose calculations for therapeutic pharmaceuticals. Current pharmaceuticals used for therapy. The need for patient-individualized dosimetry in therapy. Normal tissues. Tumors. Future needs and prospects.

Read more less

Book SynopsisBrachytherapy is continuously advancing. Years of accumulated experience have led to clinical evidence of its benefit in numerous clinical sites such as gynecological, prostate, breast, rectum, ocular, and many other cancers. Brachytherapy continues to expand in its scope of practice and complexity, driven by strong academic and commercial research, by advances in competing modalities, and due to the diversity in the political and economic landscape. It is a true challenge for practicing professionals and students to readily grasp the overarching trends of the field, especially of those technologies and innovative practices that are not yet established but are certainly on the rise. Addressing this challenge, Emerging Technologies in Brachytherapy presents a comprehensive collection of chapters on the latest trending/emerging technologies and expert opinions. It is divided into five broad sections: Section I: Physics of Brachytherapy SecTrade Review"Physicians, medical physicists and other members of the brachytherapy team will find this book of value. Beginning with a solid overview of the physics of available radiation sources, brachytherapy applicators, and equipment and planning methods, it looks forward to where these technologies are going and how they might best be applied. Written by international experts, it provides clear authoritative information and practical solutions as to how these methods can be applied in the clinical environment. It includes details of image guided brachytherapy suite designs from around the world, describing how leading centres have incorporated modern advanced imaging into their brachytherapy process. This book is highly readable and provides an authoritative overview of the current state of the art in brachytherapy technologies."—Gerard Morton MD FRCPC, Associate Professor, Dept of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto "Enthusiasm for brachytherapy has waxed and waned over the years with the prevalent popularity of new, external beam approaches. It now stands on the threshold of moving ahead on its own merits. Brachytherapy represents the ultimate radiation therapy, delivering the lowest possible radiation dose to normal tissues, and the highest possible dose to the target. It is now image-guided and quality-assured taking away much of the uncertainty that previously make it so operator dependent. Not only that, it is efficient, limits hospital visits, and is economically smart. These are all attractive features in an era of patient-centered medicine and medical overspending.This book looks at the many emerging technologies that make brachytherapy more attractive than ever. It is an indispensible guide to both physicists and radiation oncologists who want to take their practice to the next level. Rich as it is in exciting technical detail, it does not fail to also arm brachytherapists with the economic arguments they need to advocate for their art. "—Anthony Zietman MD, Shipley Professor of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital; Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics "Expert or novice this book has something for everyone. Enlisting an impressive array of global experts in the field it covers not only the physics basics of brachytherapy use in the modern era, but also explores it’s future. The book describes in detail the use of various imaging modalities and brachytherapy tools. It reviews strengths and weaknesses of each, and describes how modern imaging has transformed brachytherapy. For those new to brachytherapy, or seeking guidance on updating one’s practice, the book details various brachytherapy suites and practices from around the world. Reviewing the existing literature on the role of brachytherapy in various disease sites, authors give a thought-provoking comparative analysis of brachytherapy with other advanced techniques. The book is interesting and approachable with numerous quality illustrations and photos. One can refresh on the basics, refine your technique, or discover new and exciting advances in the field."—Catheryn M. Yashar, Professor, Medical Director, Assistant Vice-Chair of Clinical Affairs, and UCSD Vice Chief of Staff of the University of California, San Diego "Physicians, medical physicists and other members of the brachytherapy team will find this book of value. Beginning with a solid overview of the physics of available radiation sources, brachytherapy applicators, and equipment and planning methods, it looks forward to where these technologies are going and how they might best be applied. Written by international experts, it provides clear authoritative information and practical solutions as to how these methods can be applied in the clinical environment. It includes details of image guided brachytherapy suite designs from around the world, describing how leading centres have incorporated modern advanced imaging into their brachytherapy process. This book is highly readable and provides an authoritative overview of the current state of the art in brachytherapy technologies."—Gerard Morton MD FRCPC, Associate Professor, Dept of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto "Enthusiasm for brachytherapy has waxed and waned over the years with the prevalent popularity of new, external beam approaches. It now stands on the threshold of moving ahead on its own merits. Brachytherapy represents the ultimate radiation therapy, delivering the lowest possible radiation dose to normal tissues, and the highest possible dose to the target. It is now image-guided and quality-assured taking away much of the uncertainty that previously make it so operator dependent. Not only that, it is efficient, limits hospital visits, and is economically smart. These are all attractive features in an era of patient-centered medicine and medical overspending.This book looks at the many emerging technologies that make brachytherapy more attractive than ever. It is an indispensible guide to both physicists and radiation oncologists who want to take their practice to the next level. Rich as it is in exciting technical detail, it does not fail to also arm brachytherapists with the economic arguments they need to advocate for their art. "—Anthony Zietman MD, Shipley Professor of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital; Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics "Expert or novice this book has something for everyone. Enlisting an impressive array of global experts in the field it covers not only the physics basics of brachytherapy use in the modern era, but also explores it’s future. The book describes in detail the use of various imaging modalities and brachytherapy tools. It reviews strengths and weaknesses of each, and describes how modern imaging has transformed brachytherapy. For those new to brachytherapy, or seeking guidance on updating one’s practice, the book details various brachytherapy suites and practices from around the world. Reviewing the existing literature on the role of brachytherapy in various disease sites, authors give a thought-provoking comparative analysis of brachytherapy with other advanced techniques. The book is interesting and approachable with numerous quality illustrations and photos. One can refresh on the basics, refine your technique, or discover new and exciting advances in the field."—Catheryn M. Yashar, Professor, Medical Director, Assistant Vice-Chair of Clinical Affairs, and UCSD Vice Chief of Staff of the University of California, San Diego Table of ContentsIntroduction Sources and Loading Technologies Applicators Applicator Reconstruction Dose Calculation Dose Optimization Image Processing for Brachytherapy FMEA for Brachytherapy Real-Time In Vivo Dosimetry Quality Assurance Technologies Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) in Brachytherapy Robotics in Brachytherapy Optical Imaging and Navigation Technologies Ultrasound X-Ray and Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Positron Emission Tomography Imaging for Treatment Verification Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Emerging Technologies in Brachytherapy Hospital Charles Lemoyne, Montreal, Canada Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India Institut Joliot-Curie Cancer Center, Dakar, Senegal: Implementing a Brachytherapy Program in a Resource Limited Setting EBRT or Brachytherapy? Particle Therapy or Brachytherapy? Is Brachytherapy Cost Effective? Elekta Brachytherapy Eckert & Ziegler BEBIG

Read more less

Book SynopsisRadioactive particles have been released to the environment from a number of sources, including nuclear weapon tests, nuclear accidents and discharges from nuclear installations. Particle characteristics influence the mobility, biological uptake and effects of radionuclides, hence information on these characteristics is essential for assessing environmental impact and risks. This publication presents a series of papers covering sources and source term characterisation, methodologies for characterizing particles, and the impact of particles on the behaviour of radioactive particles in the environment. Sources covered include the Chernobyl accident, nuclear weapons accidents at Thule and Palomares accident, the discharges from Dounreay and Krashnoyarsk, and depleted uranium in Kosovo and Kuwait. The overall aim is that an increased understanding of particle characteristics and behavior will help to reduce some of the uncertainties in environmental impact and risk assessment for particle contaminated areas.Table of Contents1: Sources and Characterisation.Radioactive Particles Released From Different Nuclear Sources; B.Salbu. Single Particles Handling and Analyses; U.Admon. Characterisation of DU Particles from Kosovo and Kuwait; O.Chr.Lind et al. Formation Of The Radioactive Aerosol Particles During Wildland Fires In Chernobyl Zone And Their Radioecological Impact; V.Yoschenko et al. 2: Ecosystem Transfer.Thule Expedition 2003 Studies on Radioactive Contamination and Particles; S.P.Nielsen et al. Hot Particles in the Floodplain of the Yenisei River; A.Bolsunovsky. Migration of Fuel Particles of Chnpp Fallout and Leached Radionuclides in Soils and Soil-to- Plant System; Y.Ivanov. Dissolution Of Particles Of Irradiated Nuclear Fuel In The Temporary Storages Of Radioactive Waste In Chemobyl Zone: Sources For Radionuclide Migration; V.Kashparov et al. Phenomenon of a Fast Migration of Plutonium Radioisotops in Ground Water: Colloids or Soluble Form? S.Levchuk et al. Restoration Of Radiation Events Of The Past By Antedated Lakes Bottom Sediment Layers; E.Kvasnikova, S.Gordeev. 241am And 137cs In Soils Of The Belarus Part Of The Chernobyl Zone; V.Zabrotsk et al. 3: Databases, Platforms and Measurement Techniques.Database 'Hot Particles'; M.Zhurba et al. The Experimental Platform In Chernobyl: An International Research Polygon In The Exclusion Zone For Soil And Groundwater Contamination; N.van Meir et al. Deconvolution Of Alpha Spectra From Hot Particles; R.Pöllänen et al. The Use of 236U as a Tracer of Irradiated Uranium; V.Mironov et al. 4: Biological Uptake and Risk Assessment.Health Effects Of Dounreay Hot Particles: A Benchmark For The Evaluation Of Doses And Risks; M.W.Charles. The Influence Of Hot Particle Contamination On Models For Radiation Exposures Via The Aquatic Pathway; J.T.Smith et al. Hot Particle Behavior in Cow’s at the Peroral Intake; V.Yoschenko et al. TheContribution Of Hot Particles To Uncertainties In Environmental Impact Assessment; D.Oughton, B.Salbu.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe use of ultrasound is increasing rapidly throughout the world, and consequently a knowledge of the underlying scientific principles and instrument operation has become an essential part of medical ultrasound courses.Table of ContentsNature of Ultrasound. Propagation in Tissue. Beam Shapes and Transducers. A-Scan Instruments. Static B-Scan. Real-Time Scanners. M-Mode. Other Scanners and Probes. Measurement of Size. Doppler Ultrasound Physics and Instruments. Doppler Ultrasound Measurement. Digital Storage, Scan Converters and Data Processing. Image Artifacts. Performance Checks. Bioeffects, Dosimetry and Safety. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe objective of this 5th edition of the book, as with the prior editions, is to teach through images a practical approach to magnetic resonance (MR) physics and image quality. Unlike other texts covering this topic, the focus is on clinical images rather than equations. A practical approach to MR physics is developed through images, emphasizing knowledge of fundamentals important to achieve high image quality. Pulse diagrams are also included, which many at first find difficult to understand. Readers are encouraged to glance at these as they go through the text. With time and repetition, as a reader progresses through the book, the value of these and the knowledge thus available will become evident (and the diagrams themselves easier to understand). The text is organized into concise chapters, each discussing an important point relevant to clinical MR and illustrated largely with images from routine patient exams. The topics covered encompass the breadth of the field, from imaging basics and pulse sequences to advanced topics including contrast-enhanced MR angiography, spectroscopy, perfusion and advanced parallel imaging/data sparsity techniques. Discussion of the latest hardware and software innovations, for example next generation low field MR, deep learning, MR-PET, 7 T, interventional MR, 4D flow, CAIPIRINHA, spiral techniques, radial acquisition, simultaneous multislice, compressed sensing and MR fingerprinting, is included because these topics are critical to current clinical practice as well as to future advances. Included in the fifth edition are a large number of new topics, keeping the text up to date in this increasingly complex field. The text has also been thoroughly revised to include additional relevant clinical images, to improve the clarity of descriptions, and to increase the depth of content.The book is highly recommended for radiologists, physicists, and technologists interested in the background of image acquisition used in standard as well as specialized clinical settings. Trade Review“The book remains a comprehensive text, with good quality image reproduction. With the addition of the new section the content is reasonably up to date. … this book … is a good reference book if you want to see clinical examples of a particular concept.” (Martin Graves, RAD Magazine, September, 2023)Table of ContentsSection I. Hardware.- Section II. Basic Imaging Physics.- Section III. Basic Image Acquisition.- Section IV. Advanced Image Acquisition.- Section V. Flow.- Section VI. Tissue-.- Section VII. Artifacts, Including Those Due to Motion, and the Recluction Thereof.- Section VIII. Further Improving Diagnostic Quality, Technologic Innovation.- Section IX Recent Innovations.- Section X Appendix.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book compiles and presents a complete package of open-access Python software code for luminescence signal analysis in the areas of radiation dosimetry, luminescence dosimetry, and luminescence dating. Featuring more than 90 detailed worked examples of Python code, fully integrated into the text, 16 chapters summarize the theory and equations behind the subject matter, while presenting the practical Python codes used to analyze experimental data and extract the various parameters that mathematically describe the luminescence signals. Several examples are provided of how researchers can use and modify the available codes for different practical situations. Types of luminescence signals analyzed in the book are thermoluminescence (TL), isothermal luminescence (ITL), optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL), timeresolved luminescence (TR) and dose response of dosimetric materials. The open-access Python codes are available at GitHub.The book is well suited to the broader scientific audience using the tools of luminescence dosimetry: physicists, geologists, archaeologists, solid-state physicists, medical physicists, and all scientists using luminescence dosimetry in their research. The detailed code provided allows both students and researchers to be trained quickly and efficiently on the practical aspects of their work, while also providing an overview of the theory behind the analytical equations.Table of ContentsTL Signals from Delocalized Transitions: Models.- Analysis of TL Signals from Delocalized Transitions.- TL from Quantum Tunneling Processes: Models.- Analysis of TL from Quantum Tunneling Processes.- Isothermal Luminescene (ITL) Signals: Models and Analysis.- TL Signals from Localized Transitions: Models and Analysis.- OSL from Delocalized Transitions: Models.- Analysis of OSL from Delocalized Transitions.- Infrared Stimulated Luminescene Signals: Models.- Analysis of IRSL Signals.- Time-Resolved Luminescene: Models.- Analysis of Time-Resolved Luminescene Signals L.- Dose Response of Dosimetric Materials: Models.- Analysis of Dose Response of Luminescene Signals.- Radiofluorescene Signals: Models and Analysis.- Radiophotoluminescene Signals: Models and Analysis

Read more less

This book gives a detailed discussion of the initial enthusiasm triggered by the discovery of x-rays and radioactive radiation which later turned into fear and repulsion in a significant part of the global population up to the 21st century.After a historical review, the author discusses the effect of ionizing radiation on living cells, tissues and organisms. He then describes the relationship between the dose of radiation and the effect it produces. He shows how the dose-effect dependence is measured and what models of describing such dependences are used. He also discusses how radiation acts on living organisms: disorders in the genetic apparatus, mutation formation and so on. The book also includes detailed descriptions of the results of numerous health studies of large groups of people who, for one reason or another, were exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation, including those that significantly exceed the natural radiation background. The author concludes that low doses of radiation are safe and can even be beneficial (as known from medical radiation treatment); and also that the natural radiation background is necessary for the normal growth and development and well-being of a living organism. The author also discusses cases and effects of large doses, arguing, however, that dangerous doses of radiation are very unlikely. This book challenges radio-phobia. It not only offers arguments helping to overcome an unreasonable fear but, based on the latest understanding of science, argues to gradually move back, not to the former radio-euphoria, but to a new, conscious attitude towards radiation.

Read more less

Book Synopsis0.Basics.- 1.THE STETHOSCOPE.- 2.THE THERMOMETER.- 3.THE PULSE OXIMETER.- 4.THE SPHYGMOMANOMETER.- 5.X-RAY IMAGING.- 6.COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) or CAT SCAN.- 7.MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI).- 8.POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET SCAN).- 9.ULTRASOUND SCAN.- 10.GLUCOMETER.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume provides an overview of X-ray technology and the historical development of modern CT systems. The main focus of the book is a detailed derivation of reconstruction algorithms in 2D and modern 3D cone-beam systems. A thorough analysis of CT artifacts and a discussion of practical issues such as dose considerations give further insight into current CT systems. Although written mainly for graduate students, practitioners will also benefit from this book.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:"This volume … provide an overview of x-ray technology and reconstruction methods of modern CT scanning systems. … is aimed primarily at post-graduate biomedical engineering and medical physics students. … This is really a book for physicists and medical engineers … ." (Arpan Banerjee, RAD magazine, January, 2009)"This monograph on computed tomography (CT) covers the most recent advances in CT technology, image analysis, and reconstruction methods. It is a well-structured, information rich, and highly technical book. … This is definitely an advanced monograph in CT technology and image reconstruction that will better serve readers with a strong mathematical background. It also can serve as a specialized manual or reference for researchers and experts in the field of medical physics and biomedical engineering." (Dimitris N. Mihailidis, Doody’s Review Service, June, 2009)"This book provides an overview of x-ray technology, describes the historic developmental milestones of modern CT systems, and gives comprehensive insight into reconstruction methods. Its intended audience is graduate students in biomedical engineering, electrical engineering, and medical physics. … I strongly recommend this book for students, scientists, and physicists who are interested in reconstruction theory and algorithms." (Tinsu Pan, The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, July, 2009)“The book is self-contained, covering the fundamentals of X-ray physics including X-ray production, interaction with matter and detection. … the diagrams in the book are of a very high quality and complement the text very well. Another feature of the book is its attention to implementation details. … This book is well written and will serve well as a good CT reference or textbook. The author has succeeded in his aim of presenting both the physics and mathematics behind CT in an accessible way.” (Peter R. T. Munro, Contemporary Physics, Vol. 51 (6), 2010)Table of ContentsFundamentals of X-ray Physics.- Milestones of Computed Tomography.- Fundamentals of Signal Processing.- Two-Dimensional Fourier-Based Reconstruction Methods.- Algebraic and Statistical Reconstruction Methods.- Technical Implementation.- Three-Dimensional Fourier-Based Reconstruction Methods.- Image Quality and Artifacts.- Practical Aspects of Computed Tomography.- Dose.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDas vorliegende Werk bietet eine im deutschsprachigen Raum einzigartige, umfassende und aktuelle Darstellung der Medizinischen Physik. Es liefert damit das Fundament für die Anwendung physikalischer Methoden in der Medizin, der Entwicklung neuer oder verbesserter Verfahren zur Untersuchung und Behandlung von Patienten sowie für die Bereitstellung und den Einsatz physikalischer Methoden in der klinischen Anwendung. Es unterstützt als Lehrbuch den Bedarf nach einer systematischen medizinphysikalischen Aus- und Weiterbildung von Physikern, die an medizinischen Einrichtungen tätig sind.Das Buch orientiert sich am Stoffkatalog der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Physik (DGMP) und legt den Schwerpunkt auf die Medizinische Physik in der Radiologie und Radioonkologie. Das Werk ist in fünf Teile unterteilt:· In Teil I werden die Grundlagen der Strahlenphysik, der biostatistischen Methoden, der Medizinischen Informatik, der organisatorischen und rechtlichen Aspekte sowie des Strahlenschutzes abgehandelt. · Teil II behandelt die radiologische Diagnostik und umfasst die bildgebenden Verfahren der Röntgendiagnostik, der Röntgen-Computertomographie, der Magnetresonanztomographie sowie des Ultraschalls. · Teil III beschreibt die Methoden der nuklearmedizinischen Diagnostik und Therapie. · In Teil IV wird die Medizinische Physik der Strahlentherapie in vertiefter Form dargestellt. · Teil V beschreibt ausgewählte Themen aus dem Gebiet der Medizintechnik. Zu allen Teilen werden Übungsaufgaben und Kontrollfragen angeboten, mit denen der Leser das Gelernte überprüfen kann. Ergänzend werden auf einer Website Musterlösungen, zusätzliches vertiefendes Text- und Bildmaterial sowie Animationen und Videos zur Verfügung gestellt. Das Buch versteht sich als Lehrbuch und Nachschlagewerk, das begleitend zu Weiterbildungsveranstaltungen und Studiengängen oder auch zum Selbststudium auf dem Gebiet der Medizinischen Physik eingesetzt werden kann. Es basiert auf dem Heidelberger Weiterbildungskurs „Medizinische Physik für Physiker“ und richtet sich vornehmlich an Physik-Absolventen und Naturwissenschaftler mit grundlegenden physikalischen Kenntnissen. Die Herausgeber sind als Wissenschaftler am Deutschen Krebsforschungszentrum (dkfz) tätig und lehren als Professoren für Medizinische Physik an der Universität Heidelberg.Trade Review“... Die strukturierte Aufbereitung der Lehrinhalte und das moderne Layout des Buches mit seinen zahlreichen, meist farbigen Abbildungen laden zum Blättern und Lesen ein. Das Buch hat das Potenzial, ein Klassiker unter den Lehrbüchern der Medizinischen Physik zu werden ...” (Prof. Dr. Klemens Zink, in: Physik Journal, Jg. 18, Heft 3, März 2019)Table of ContentsTeil I Grundlagen.- 1 Strahlenphysik.- 2 Grundlagen der Statistik.- 3 Medizinische Informatik.- 4 Organisatorische und Rechtliche Aspekte.- 5 Strahlenschutz.- Teil II Radiologische Diagnostik.- 6 Physikalisch-technische Grundlagen der Röntgendiagnostik.- 7 Röntgendiagnostik.- 8 Computertomographie.- 9 Magnetresonanztomographie und –spektroskopie.- 10 Ultraschall.- 11 Qualitätssicherung in der Röntgendiagnostik.- Teil III Nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik und Therapie.- 12 Physikalisch-technische Grundlagen der Nuklearmedizin.- 13 Planare Gammakamerasysteme.- 14 Single-Photon-Emission-Computed-Tomography.- 15 Positron-Emissions-Tomographie.- 16 Multimodale SPECT- und PET-Bildgebung.- 17 Nuklearmedizinische Therapie.- 18 Qualitätssicherung in der Nuklearmedizin.- Teil IV Strahlentherapie.- 19 Der Strahlentherapie-Prozess.- 20 Bestrahlungsgeräte für die Teletherapie.- 21 Dosimetrie.- 22 Klinische Strahlenbiologie.- 23 Bildgebung für die Strahlentherapie.- 24 Bestrahlungsplanung.- 25 Patientenlagerung und –positionierung.- 26 Bestrahlungsverfahren.- 27 Brachytherapie.- 28 Qualitätssicherung für die Strahlentherapie.- Teil V Medizintechnik.- 29 Optische Bildgebung (Endoskopie/Mikroskopie) in Diagnostik und Therapie.- 30 Patientenüberwachung.- 31 Infusionstechnik.- 32 Beatmung und Narkose.- 33 Kreislaufunterstützung.- 34 Dialyse.- 35 Behandlung mit elektrischen Strom.- 36 Computer-assistierte Chirurgie.- 37 Prothesen und Orthesen.

Read more less

Book SynopsisSingle photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been used in routine diagnostic applications and in research since the 1980s. In the following decades, as the clinical application of hybrid imaging has grown, SPECT–computed tomography (SPECT–CT) has demonstrated improved patient management and become fully integrated in the routine diagnostic approach to a variety of clinical indications, including both oncologic and non-oncologic diseases. This IAEA Human Health Series publication presents a review of the published data from recent applications of SPECT–CT across nine different clinical scenarios including neurology, orthopaedics, endocrinology and cardiology, to demonstrate the variety of hybrid imaging in nuclear medicine and support decision making when allocating resources in the health care system. It provides a relevant source of information for nuclear medicine physicians, radiologists and clinical practitioners.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWhile the use of positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET–CT) is a standard of care in oncological practice in many developed countries, it is still limited in many low to middle income nations. To make reliable information more widely available, the IAEA convened an expert consultant group to review, based on the most recent developments of PET radiopharmaceuticals, Human Health Series No. 9, Appropriate Use of FDG-PET for the Management of Cancer Patients. This, the resulting publication, provides up to date recommendations on the optimal use of PET–CT imaging procedures in oncology. It is written for policy makers and decision makers who allocate resources dedicated to the health care system, a critical issue in the development of nuclear medicine in low and middle income countries. It will also benefit medical imaging practitioners as well as referring physicians.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAccurate measurement of radiation dose received by patients undergoing radiotherapy or medical imaging is essential for ensuring effective and safe healthcare. Equally, accurate measurement of radiation dose is required to guide employers in protecting their workforce from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratories (SSDLs) are specialist laboratories used to provide calibration and guidance for end users in hospitals and industry. This publication provides detailed technical information for countries on how to establish an SSDL, including planning processes, cost estimates and timelines. The technical descriptions and guidelines may also be helpful to existing SSDL radiation metrology staff when upgrading calibration facilities or purchasing new equipment.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWritten to assist the implementation in medical imaging practice of the requirements of the IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 3, Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards, this publication provides consolidated information and detailed advice for setting and implementing patient radiation exposure monitoring programmes at the local or national level. In medical imaging using ionizing radiation, including X ray diagnostic radiology, diagnostic nuclear medicine and image guided interventional procedures, radiation protection of patients is achieved by selecting the most appropriate imaging procedure for the individual needs of the patient and by keeping exposure to the minimum necessary to achieve the diagnostic and interventional objective. Monitoring of radiation exposure of patients provides critical information for health care professionals and authorities who are responsible for ensuring justified and optimized use of radiation in medicine. This Safety Report provides guidance on recording, collecting and analysing relevant patient exposure data by using manual or automatic means. An aim of the publication is to encourage the future use and development of automatic digital systems to improve access to information about patient radiation exposure and thus contribute to improved implementation of the requirements for radiation protection of patients throughout the world.

Read more less

Book SynopsisRadionuclide therapy using bone targeting radiopharmaceuticals is an effective palliative care option to reduce pain associated with advanced disease with bone metastases. Over the last 20 years, suitable therapeutic radionuclides are more widely available, meaning that the benefits of pain palliation therapy could reach more patients. This publication provides a broad overview on the current status of radiopharmaceuticals for bone pain palliation. It covers production of radionuclides, identification of bone seeking carrier molecules, preparation of stable complexes, in vitro and in vivo evaluations and dosimetry studies which are part of the development of these radiopharmaceuticals for clinical use. Details on production and quality control of the currently available products, provided here will be of use to scientists involved in the development of these radiopharmaceuticals.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book aims to explain radiation from a somewhat different aspect than its traditional image as something that is scary, dangerous, hazardous, and so on, to produce the correct understanding that radiation is carrying energy, and to convince readers that radiation is not "scary" but controllable and useful. As for radiation itself, many introductions or textbooks have been published, as in radiochemistry, radiobiology, and radiology. In most of them, the biological effects of radiation exposure are the main subjects, which often enhance the feeling that radiation is dangerous, and the effects produced by lower-dose exposure that are difficult to see are hardly discussed. The present volume mainly focuses on how radiation carries energy, how energy is absorbed in substances as absorbed doses (Gy) or dose equivalents (Sv), how damages or risks appear with the absorbed dose and why the effects of the exposure appear quite differently, depending on properties of the substances that were exposed.Table of ContentsTable of Contents Preface to English edition Preface Chapter 1 Radiation carries energy 1-1 Is radiation scary? 1-2 What is written in this book 1-2-1 Radiation is carries energy 1-2-2 All physical and chemical phenomena accompany energy transfer 1-2-3 “EQ (radiation) exposure” means energy deposition (absorption) or energy transfer from EQ to an object 1-2-4 Deposited or absorbed energy in unit mass or volume are quite different depending the kind of EQ. 1-2-5 Units related to radiation, exposure and radiation measurements 1-2-5-1 Energy and power carried/deposited by EQ (radiation) (J or eV and W) 1-2-5-2 Absorbed dose and dose rate 1-2-5-3 Intensity of EQ or radioactivity 1-2-6 Intensity and energy of EQ (radiation) 1-3 Energy release from a material (Black body radiation and EQ emission) 1-4 EQ sources in nature 1-5 Energy transfer in physical and chemical phenomena 1-6 Radioactive materials and artificial EQ (radiation) sources 1-7 Summary Chapter 2 Radiation (EQ: Energy Quantum) 2-1 Introduction 2-2 Radiation is consisting of EQ 2-3 Sources of EQ and their intensity 2-3-1 Sources 2-3-2 Characteristics of radioisotopes as EQ sources 2-3-3 Geometry of EQ sources (point, planner, volumetric and spatial sources) 2-3-3-1 Point and volumetric sources 2-3-3-2 Planner source 2-3-3-3 Spatial source 2-3-4 Air dose rate 2-4 Energy deposition (absorption) given by EQ exposure 2-5 Energy absorption in living beings exposed to EQ 2-5-1 External exposure 2-5-2 Internal exposure 2-5-3 Absorbed dose, dose rate and dose equivalent 2-5-4 Conversion of units related to EQ exposure (Bq, Gy, Sv and effective dose) 2-6 Shielding and decontamination 2-7 Effects of EQ exposure on a human body Chapter 3 Sources of Energetic Quanta (EQ) (Radiation Sources) 3-1 Radioisotopes 3-1-1 Stable isotopes and radioisotopes 3-1-2 Emission of EQ from radioactive isotopes (Disintegration of radioisotopes) 3-1-3 Radioactive isotopes in nature 3-1-4 EQ exposure of human body in nature 3-1-5 EQ emitted from 131-iodine and 137-cesium and their exposure effects 3-2 Radiation from the sun 3-3 Nuclear reactors 3-4 Release of FPs from the Fukushima power plant after the accident 3-5 Artificial EQ sources 3-5-1 Accelerators 3-5-2 X-ray Generator 3-5-3 Lasers Chapter 4. Irradiation effects of EQ on materials (inorganic- and organic-materials, and living beings) 4-1 Evaluation of the effects of EQ exposure 4-1-1 There is no critical dose to distinguish secure and insecure 4-1-2 Definite and stochastic (probabilistic) effects of exposure 4-1-3 Evaluation of the effects of low-dose exposure and reduction of exposure 4-2 Irradiation effects of EQ on materials 4-2-1 Effects of EQ exposure on inorganic materials 4-2-1-1 Irradiation effects of metals 4-2-1-1-1 Damages caused by nuclear collisions 4-2-1-1-2 Damage caused by electron excitation 4-2-1-2 Irradiation effects of covalent and ionic bonding materials 4-2-2 Irradiation effects of organic materials 4-2-3 Irradiation effects of living beings - from molecular levels in cells, tissues to individuals – 4-3 Resilience to EQ exposure and recovery 4-4 Absorbed does (deposited energy) and volume exposed to EQ Chapter 5 Reduction of exposure, Contamination and Decontamination 5-1 Introduction 5-2 Distribution of EQ sources and their removal 5-3 External and internal exposures 5-4 Reduction of exposure to a human body 5-5 Resilience 5-5-1 Where and how large area are damaged or influence by EQ exposure. 5-5-2 Recovery of damages and resilience 5-5 Short-term and long-term exposure Chapter 6 Detection and measurement of EQ 6-1 Introduction 6-2 Determination of type, intensity and energy of EQ 6-2-1 Measurements of intensities 6-2-2 Accuracy of intensity measurements 6-2-3 Measurements of EQ energy 6-2-4 Calorimetry 6-2-5 Intensity (radio activity) of EQ source 6-3 Absorbed dose measurement 6-4 Visualization of EQ source distribution 6-5 Absorbed dose equivalent -accuracy and assessment of effects of EQ exposure- 6-5-1 Consideration of exposed dose equivalent (Sv) to use for the assessment of the effects of EQ exposure 6-5-2 Accuracy and number of significant figures in EQ measurements Chapter 7 Utilization of EQ 7-1 Introduction 7-2 Sterilization or disinfection 7-3 Medical purposes 7-4 Utilization of EQ energy 7-5 Radiometric dating (14C dating) 7-5 Use of radioisotopes as tracers Chapter 8 Energy and the History of the Earth 8-1 Introduction 8-2 Changes in the global environment 8-3 Development and Evolution of Life Chapter 9 Energy use and radiation 9-1 Introduction 9-2 Sources of energy 9-3 There's no energy to use for free 9-3 Fossil fuels are originally solar energy 9-4 Risks associated with energy use Bibliography (a) Introductory (b) Radiation and Radioactivity (c) Radiation Biology (d) Radiation Physics, Radiochemistry (e) Radiation Measurements (f) Radiation Hormesis (g) Radiation Use Appendix: Q and A relating radiation (EQ) Radiation is explained in a simple form of Q & A, which also serves as summary. Q1: What is radioactivity? Q2: What is radiation? Q3: What is a radiation source? Q4: Is light and radiation the same ?　 Q5: What are particles that carry energy? Q6: What kind of particles and light (photons) are included in radiation (EQ)? Q7: How do EQ move? Q8: What does radiation exposure mean? Q9: What do following units related to EQ exposure mean and how they are different with each other? Count rates (cps, cpm, cph), Becquerel (Bq), Gray (Gy) and Siebert (Sv) Q10: Is the exposure of 20 mSv dangerous? Q11: Does the EQ exposure make objects (substances and/or living beings) radioactive? Q12: Does a substance exposed to EQ glow? Q13: What is internal and external exposures? What is the difference? Q14: What happens on radioactive materials ingested into a body?

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis open access book presents the findings from on-site research into radioactive cesium contamination in various agricultural systems affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011. This fourth volume in the series reports on studies undertaken at contaminated sites such as farmland and forests, focusing on soil, water, mountain, agricultural products, and animals. It also provides additional data collected in the subsequent years to show how the radioactivity levels in agricultural products and their growing environments have changed with time and the route by which radioactive materials entered agricultural products as well as their movement between different components (e.g., soil, water, and trees) within an environmental system (e.g., forests). The book covers various topics, including radioactivity testing of food products; decontamination trials for rice and livestock production; the state of contamination in, trees, mushrooms, and timber; the dynamics of radioactivity distribution in paddy fields and upland forests; damage incurred by the forestry and fishery industries; and the change in consumers’ attitudes. In the series of this book, a real-time radioisotope imaging system has been introduced, a pioneering technique to visualize the movement of cesium in soil and in plants. This is the only book to provide systematic data on the actual change of radioactivity, which is of great value to all researchers who wish to understand the effect of radioactive fallout on agriculture. In addition, it helps the general public better understand radio-contamination issues in the environment. The project is ongoing; the research groups from the Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences of The University of Tokyo continue their work in the field further to evaluate the long-term effects of the Fukushima accident.Table of Contents1. An Overview of our research.- 2. Recovery of Food Production from Radioactive Contamination Caused by the Fukushima Nuclear Accident.- 3. Annual Reduction of Transfer Factors of Radiocesium from Soil to Rice Cultivated in a KCl Fertilized and Straw Plowed-in Paddy Field from 2015 to 2021.- 4. Effects of radiocesium from suspended matter and fallout on agricultural products.- 5. Verification of Uptake and Transport Properties of Cesium in Hydroponically Cultivated Quercus Serrata.- 6. Candidates for breeding target genes related to cesium transport in plants after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident.- 7. Evaluation of the Absorption of Different Forms of Cesium from Soil.- 8. Structure, Composition, and Physicochemical Properties of Radiocesium-Bearing Microparticles Emitted by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident.- 9. Verification of Effects on Crops and Surrounding Environment in Agriculture Using Radioactively Contaminated Grass Silage Compost Made by Aerobic Ultra-High Temperature Fermentation.- 10. Transport of 137Cs into Fruits after External Deposition onto Japanese Persimmon Trees.- 11. Progress Towards Managing Radiocesium Contamination in Orchards.- 12. Overview of Radiocesium Dynamics in Forests: First Decade and Future Perspectives.- 13. Toward the Estimation of Radiocesium Activity Concentration in Trunks of Coppiced Quercus Serrata: Leaf Availability Instead of Felling.- 14. Decomposition of Organic Matters in a Forest Floor Enhanced Downward Migration of Radioactive Cs after the Accident of the FDNPP.- 15. Effect of exchangeable and non-exchangeable potassium in soil on cesium uptake by Quercus serrata seedlings.- 16. Ten-year Transition of Radiocesium Contamination in Wild Mushrooms in the University of Tokyo Forests after the Fukushima Accident.- 17. Challenge to resume production of mushroom bed logs by potassium fertilizer application.- 18. Studies on the revitalization of radioactive-contaminated mushroom log forests: focus on shoots.- 19. Contribution of cesium-bearing microparticles to cesium in soil and river water of the Takase River watershed and their effect on the distribution coefficient.- 20. Global Fallout: Radioactive Materials from Atmospheric Nuclear Tests That Fell Half a Century Ago and Where to Find Them.- 21. Resilience Education Program in Iitate Village for the Young Generation

Read more less