Medical imaging: tomography Books

Book SynopsisAn essential guide to designing, conducting, and analyzing event-related potential (ERP) experiments, completely updated for this edition.The event-related potential (ERP) technique, in which neural responses to specific events are extracted from the EEG, provides a powerful noninvasive tool for exploring the human brain. This volume describes practical methods for ERP research along with the underlying theoretical rationale. It offers researchers and students an essential guide to designing, conducting, and analyzing ERP experiments. This second edition has been completely updated, with additional material, new chapters, and more accessible explanations. Freely available supplementary material, including several online-only chapters, offer expanded or advanced treatment of selected topics.The first half of the book presents essential background information, describing the origins of ERPs, the nature of ERP components, and the design of ERP experiments. The second half of the book offers a detailed treatment of the main steps involved in conducting ERP experiments, covering such topics as recording the EEG, filtering the EEG and ERP waveforms, and quantifying amplitudes and latencies. Throughout, the emphasis is on rigorous experimental design and relatively simple analyses. New material in the second edition includes entire chapters devoted to components, artifacts, measuring amplitudes and latencies, and statistical analysis; updated coverage of recording technologies; concrete examples of experimental design; and many more figures. Online chapters cover such topics as overlap, localization, writing and reviewing ERP papers, and setting up and running an ERP lab.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPlant remains can preserve a critical part of history of life on Earth. While telling the fascinating evolutionary story of plants and vegetation across the last 500 million years, this book also crucially offers non-specialists a practical guide to studying, dealing with and interpreting plant fossils. It shows how various techniques can be used to reveal the secrets of plant fossils and how to identify common types, such as compressions and impressions. Incorporating the concepts of evolutionary floras, this second edition includes revised data on all main plant groups, the latest approaches to naming plant fossils using fossil-taxa and techniques such as tomography. With extensive illustrations of plant fossils and living plants, the book encourages readers to think of fossils as once-living organisms. It is written for students on introductory or intermediate courses in palaeobotany, palaeontology, plant evolutionary biology and plant science, and for amateurs interested in studyinTrade Review'… affording quick access to the world of fossil plants to any interested reader. Their direct approach is refreshing, making the book eminently useful for the basic identification of fossil plants, in some cases down to species-level determinations … Undergraduate students willing to read this book will quickly gain a core understanding of an important subject that is rarely included in today's college curriculum.' P. K. Strother, Choice'This edition is great for everyone interested in fossils, plants, and (specially) fossil plants, being especially useful for those starting to study plant evolution and paleobotany. It may also be of interest for everyone who ever found a piece of petrified wood and wanted to learn more about it, and about all of the wonderful and strange plants that inhabited the earth a long time ago.' Andrés Elgorriaga, Plant Science BulletinTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Highlights of palaeobotanical study; 3. Studying plant fossils; 4. Early land plants; 5. Lycophytes; 6. Sphenophytes; 7. Ferns; 8. Early gymnosperms; 9. Modern gymnosperms; 10. Angiosperms; 11. The history of land vegetation.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWritten for the clinician, Cone Beam Computed Tomographyhelps the reader understand how CBCT machines operate, perform advanced diagnosis using CT data, have a working knowledge of CBCT-related treatment planning for specific clinical tasks, and integrate these new technologies in daily practice. This comprehensive text lays the foundation of CBCT technologies, explains how to interpret the data, recognize main pathologies, and utilize CBCT for diagnosis, treatment planning, and execution. Dr. Sarment first addresses technology and principles, radiobiologic risks, and CBCT for head and neck anatomy. The bulk of the text discusses diagnosis of pathologies and uses of CBCT technology in maxillofacial surgical planning, orthodontic and orthognathic planning, implant surgical site preparation, CAD/CAM surgical guidance, surgical navigation, endodontics airway measurements, and periodontal disease.Trade Review"As a hospital core trainee with rotations in maxillofacial surgery and dentistry; this book is a useful companion for providing guidance when determining the indications and uses of CBCT. The fact that it is a straightforward read combined with a fully evidence-based approach makes this text easy to recommend to surgical and dental colleagues within the primary and secondary sectors.” (British Dental Journal, 25 April 2014) Table of ContentsContributors ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii 1 Technology and Principles of Cone Beam Computed Tomography 3 Matthew W. Jacobson 2 The Nature of Ionizing Radiation and the Risks from Maxillofacial Cone Beam Computed Tomography 25 Sanjay M. Mallya and Stuart C. White 3 Diagnosis of Jaw Pathologies Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography 43 Sharon L. Brooks 4 Diagnosis of Sinus Pathologies Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography 65 Aaron Miracle and Christian Güldner 5 Orthodontic and Orthognathic Planning Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography 91 Lucia H. S. Cevidanes, Martin Styner, Beatriz Paniagua, and João Roberto Gonçalves 6 Three-Dimensional Planning in Maxillofacial Reconstruction of Large Defects Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography 109 Rutger Schepers, Gerry M. Raghoebar, Lars U. Lahoda, Harry Reintsema, Arjan Vissink, and Max J. Witjes 7 Implant Planning Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography 127 David Sarment 8 CAD/CAM Surgical Guidance Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography 147 George A. Mandelaris and Alan L. Rosenfeld 9 Assessment of the Airway and Supporting Structures Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography 197 David C. Hatcher 10 Endodontics Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography 211 Martin D. Levin 11 Periodontal Disease Diagnosis Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography 249 Bart Vandenberghe and David Sarment Index 271

Read more less

Book SynopsisCone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics provides timely, impartial, and state-of-the-art information on the indications and protocols for CBCT imaging in orthodontics, clinical insights gained from these images, and innovations driven by these insights.Table of ContentsList of Contributors ix Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv Part 1 Technology Assessment and Enhancements 3 1 Contemporary Concepts of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics 5Sunil D. Kapila 2 Functional and Technical Characteristics of Different Cone Beam Computed Tomography Units 43Om P. Kharbanda, Neeraj Wadhawan, Rajiv Balachandran, Devasenathipathy Kandasamy, and Sunil D. Kapila 3 Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics: Perspectives on Radiation Risk 67Sharon L. Brooks and John B. Ludlow 4 Rational Basis for Transitioning from 2D to 3D Radiographic Imaging in Orthodontic Practice and Research 81Birte Melsen and Michel Dalstra 5 The Future of Cone Beam Computed Tomography and 3D Imaging in Orthodontics 103Michael W. Vannier and Bin Jiang Part 2 Protocols and Principles for Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging in Orthodontics 113 6 Development of Evidence-Based Selection Criteria for Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics 115William C. Scarfe, Kirt E. Simmons, and Carla A. Evans 7 To Scan or Not to Scan: Medico-Legal Implications 127Bernard Friedland 8 Protocols for the Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontic Practice 139Aaron D. Molen Part 3 Diagnosis and Treatment Planning 165 9 How to Interpret Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans 167Christos Angelopoulos 10 Detection of Incidental Findings in Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging and Their Clinical Implications 185Erika Benavides and Paul C. Edwards 11 3D Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning 221Juan Martin Palomo, Manish Valiathan, and Mark G. Hans 12 Application of 3D TMJ Imaging to TMJDs, TMJ Functional Analyses, and Orthodontic Treatment Outcomes 247Anna-Kari Hajati, Lucia H.S. Cevidanes, Laura Iwasaki, Jeffrey C. Nickel, and Sunil D. Kapila 13 Characterization of the Upper Airway Morphology and Its Changes in the Apneic Patient Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography 273R. Scott Conley, Paolo M. Cattaneo, and Bruce S. Haskell 14 Alveolar Boundary Conditions in Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning 293Sunil D. Kapila and Jeanne M. Nervina Part 4 Clinical Applications and Treatment Outcomes 317 15 Assessment of Root Position and Morphology by Cone Beam Computed Tomography 319Jeanne M. Nervina and Sunil D. Kapila 16 3D Image-Aided Diagnosis and Treatment of Impacted and Transposed Teeth 349Sunil D. Kapila and Jeanne M. Nervina 17 Assessment of Maxillary Transverse Deficiency and Treatment Outcomes by Cone Beam Computed Tomography 383Jeanne M. Nervina, Sunil D. Kapila, and Carlos Flores-Mir 18 Planning and Placing Temporary Anchorage Devices with the Aid of Cone Beam Computed TomographyImaging 411Sebastian Baumgaertel 19 3D Planning and Treatment Outcomes of Bone Anchored Maxillary Protraction 427Tung Nguyen 20 Applications of Cone Beam Computed Tomography to Orthognathic Surgery Treatment Planning 437Sean P. Edwards and R. Scott Conley 21 3D Diagnosis and Management of Facial Asymmetries 453Abeer AlHadidi, Lucia H.S. Cevidanes, and Beatriz Paniagua 22 3D Assessment of Orthognathic Surgical Outcomes 463Yoon-Ji R. Kim, Yang-Ho Park, Leonardo Koerich de Paula, and R. Scott Conley 23 3D Imaging in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning of Craniofacial Anomalies 485Snehlata Oberoi, Jeanne M. Nervina, and Karin Vargervik Index 509

Read more less

Book SynopsisCT at a Glancegets readers quickly up to speed with the core knowledge and competencies required for computed tomography (CT) scanning, as established by the major radiography organizations around the world, including the ASRT and the CAMRT. This brand new title describes the basic science behind CT with an emphasis on the theory that is essential for practice. Featuring an abundance of illustrations, succinct, straightforward explanations and clear, step-by-step guidance, it includes the fundamental physics, technical principles, and imaging strategies and procedures involved in CT scanning. Over the course of twenty four, concise modular chapters,CT at a Glancecovers all the bases for entry-to-practice students, including: The basic physics underlying CT scanningState-of-the-art multi-slice technologiesData acquisition strategiesEquipment componentstheir functions and applicationsImage reconstruction and image quality controlCT dose and dose optimization proceduresQuality control fundamentals CT at a Glanceis an indispensable learning resource for students in medical imaging technology courses, including those covering radiography, nuclear medicine, and radiation therapy, as well as for biomedical engineering technology students. Table of ContentsForeword viii Preface ix Acknowledgements x 1 Computed tomography: an overview 2 2 Major components of a CT scanner 6 3 How CT scanners work 9 4 Data acquisition principles 12 5 X-ray tubes and generator technologies 15 6 X-ray beam filtration and collimation 18 7 Essential physics: radiation attenuation 21 8 Attenuation measurements and CT numbers 24 9 CT detector technology basics 27 10 CT image reconstruction basics 30 11 CT image display and storage 33 12 CT and picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) 36 13 CT image postprocessing 38 14 Multislice CT – essential principles: part 1 42 15 Multislice CT – essential principles: part 2 46 16 Image quality: part 1 50 17 Image quality: part 2 – spatial resolution 53 18 Image quality: part 3 – contrast resolution 56 19 Image quality: part 4 – noise 59 20 Image quality: part 5 – artifacts 62 21 CT dose optimization: part 1 65 22 CT dose optimization: part 2 68 23 Optimization of radiation protection in CT 70 24 CT quality control basics 73 Index 76

Read more less

Book SynopsisElectron microscope tomography (EMT) has emerged as the leading technique for three-dimensional (3D) structural analysis of unique complex biological specimens. This book reviews the different computational stages involved in EMT, from image acquisition to interpretation of the 3D reconstruction. The high performance computing (HPC) techniques normally used to cope with the computational demands are also described. Moreover, combining the holographic methods with the methods for digital image processing has made it possible to develop the digital holographic interference microscope (DHIM) for real-time 3D imaging of phase microscopic objects and measurement of their morphological parameters. In this book, the classical and holographic methods of phase microobject visualisation are considered. In addition, 3D imaging has become commonplace in the medical field, with its routine use in the better established institutions for pre-natal observations, diagnosis of ailments, work-up prior to surgery, recovery monitoring and many other medical procedures. This book discusses the research methodology required in the reconstruction of 3D volume and employing computer-aided diagnosis to identify various diseases. Details of the different stages of processing, along with the promising results achieved are presented. Also discussed are some considerations for future trends of 3D imaging in the medical field. Other chapters cover detailed derivations of reconstruction algorithms in 2D and modern 3D cone-beam CT (CBCT), evaluate geometric parameters of bone in 3D using CT scans or a new low-radiating device (EOS), and CT based 3D- display providing accurate preoperative visualisation and computerised risk analyses for safety margins of pancreatic- and biliary- tract tumours, as well as for the assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA).

Read more less

Book SynopsisComputed tomography (CT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) are useful tools for the accurate assessment of medical, dental and orthodontic patients. Traditionally, the diagnosis and treatment planning of these patients have used two-dimensional radiographs. The clinical value of CT and CBCT lies in their ability to provide comprehensive information about anatomical relationships for improved diagnosis, treatment planning and a prediction of treatment outcomes. This book includes new research from authors across the globe, with a focus on aiding researchers and practising professionals on the use of CT and CBCT.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe principle of tomography is to explore the structure and composition of objects non-destructively along spatial and temporal dimensions, using penetrating radiation, such as X- and gamma-rays, or waves, such as electromagnetic and acoustic waves. Based on computer-assisted image reconstruction, tomography provides maps of parameters that characterize the emission of the employed radiation or waves, or their interaction with the examined objects, for one or several cross-sections. Thus, it gives access to the inner structure of inert objects and living organisms in their full complexity. In this book, multidisciplinary specialists explain the foundations and principles of tomographic imaging and describe a broad range of applications. The content is organized in five parts, which are dedicated to image reconstruction, microtomography, industrial tomography, morphological medical tomography and functional medical tomography.Table of ContentsPreface xvii Notation xxi Chapter 1. Introduction to Tomography 1 Pierre GRANGEAT 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Observing contrasts 2 1.3. Localization in space and time 7 1.4. Image reconstruction 9 1.5. Application domains 12 1.6. Bibliography 17 PART 1. IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION 21 Chapter 2. Analytical Methods 23 Michel DEFRISE and Pierre GRANGEAT 2.1. Introduction 23 2.2. 2D Radon transform in parallel-beam geometry 25 2.3. 2D Radon transform in fan-beam geometry 32 2.4. 3D X-ray transform in parallel-beam geometry 37 2.5. 3D Radon transform 40 2.6. 3D positron emission tomography 42 2.7. X-ray tomography in cone-beam geometry 46 2.8. Dynamic tomography 54 2.9. Bibliography . 58 Chapter 3. Sampling Conditions in Tomography 63 Laurent DESBAT and Catherine MENNESSIER 3.1. Sampling of functions in R6ᶰ 3 3.2. Sampling of the 2D Radon transform 71 3.3. Sampling in 3D tomography 79 3.4. Bibliography 85 Chapter 4. Discrete Methods 89 Habib BENALI and Françoise PEYRIN 4.1. Introduction 89 4.2. Discrete models 90 4.3. Algebraic methods 92 4.4. Statistical methods 99 4.5. Example of tomographic reconstruction 110 4.6. Discussion and conclusion 110 4.7. Bibliography 112 PART 2. MICROTOMOGRAPHY 117 Chapter 5. Tomographic Microscopy 119 Yves USSON and Catherine SOUCHIER 5.1. Introduction 119 5.2. Projection tomography in electron microscopy 120 5.3. Tomography by optical sectioning 121 5.4. 3D data processing, reconstruction and analysis 129 5.5. Bibliography 138 Chapter 6. Optical Tomography 141 Christian DEPEURSINGE 6.1. Introduction 141 6.2. Interaction of light with matter 142 6.3. Propagation of photons in diffuse media 150 6.4. Optical tomography methods 164 6.5. Optical tomography in highly diffuse media 181 6.6. Bibliography 190 Chapter 7. Synchrotron Tomography 197 Anne-Marie CHARVET and Françoise PEYRIN 7.1. Introduction 197 7.2. Synchrotron radiation 197 7.3. Quantitative tomography 202 7.4. Microtomography using synchrotron radiation 206 7.5. Extensions 210 7.6. Conclusion 211 7.7. Bibliography 212 PART 3. INDUSTRIAL TOMOGRAPHY 215 Chapter 8. X-ray Tomography in Industrial Non-destructive Testing 217 Gilles PEIX, Philippe DUVAUCHELLE and Jean-Michel LETANG 8.1. Introduction 217 8.2. Physics of the measurement 218 8.3. Sources of radiation 219 8.4. Detection 220 8.5. Reconstruction algorithms and artifacts 223 8.6. Applications 224 8.7. Conclusion 235 8.8. Bibliography 236 Chapter 9. Industrial Applications of Emission Tomography for Flow Visualization 239 Samuel LEGOUPIL and Ghislain PASCAL 9.1. Industrial applications of emission tomography 239 9.2. Examples of applications 242 9.3. Physical model of data acquisition 247 9.4. Definition and characterization of a system 252 9.5. Conclusion 255 9.6. Bibliography 255 PART 4.MORPHOLOGICAL MEDICAL TOMOGRAPHY 257 Chapter 10. Computed Tomography 259 Jean-Louis AMANS and Gilbert FERRETTI 10.1. Introduction 259 10.2. Physics of helical tomography 265 10.3. Applications of volume CT 272 10.4. Conclusion 279 10.5. Bibliography 280 Chapter 11. Interventional X-ray Volume Tomography 287 Michael GRASS, RégisGUILLEMAUD and Volker RASCHE 11.1. Introduction 287 11.2. Example of 3D angiography 290 11.3. Clinical examples 297 11.4. Conclusion 302 11.5. Bibliography 303 Chapter 12. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 307 André BRIGUET and Didier REVEL 12.1. Introduction 307 12.2. Nuclear paramagnetism and its measurement 308 12.3. Spatial encoding of the signal and image reconstruction 312 12.4. Contrast factors and examples of applications 318 12.5. Tomography or volumetry? 323 12.6. Bibliography 323 PART 5. FUNCTIONAL MEDICAL TOMOGRAPHY 327 Chapter 13. Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography 329 Irène BUVAT, Jacques DARCOURT and Philippe FRANKEN 13.1. Introduction 329 13.2. Radiopharmaceuticals 330 13.3. Detector 331 13.4. Image reconstruction 336 13.5. Example of myocardial SPECT 343 13.6. Conclusion 346 13.7. Bibliography 348 Chapter 14. Positron Emission Tomography 351 Michel DEFRISE and Régine TRÉBOSSEN 14.1. Introduction 351 14.2. Data acquisition 353 14.3. Data processing 363 14.4. Research and clinical applications of PET 370 14.5. Conclusion 373 14.6. Bibliography 374 Chapter 15. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging 377 Christoph SEGEBARTH andMichel DÉCORPS 15.1. Introduction 377 15.2. Functional MRI of cerebrovascular responses 378 15.3. fMRI of BOLD contrasts 380 15.4. Different protocols 383 15.5. Bibliography 389 Chapter 16. Tomography of Electrical Cerebral Activity in Magneto- and Electro-encephalography 393 Line Garnero 16.1. Introduction 393 16.2. Principles of MEG and EEG 394 16.3. Imaging of electrical activity of the brain based on MEG and EEG signals 398 16.4. Conclusion 407 16.5. Bibliography 408 List of Authors 411 Index 417

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe key for any beginning radiologist who wishes to recognize pathological findings is to first acquire an ability to distinguish them from normal ones. This outstanding guide gives beginning radiologists the tools they need to systematically approach and recognize normal MR and CT images. Highlights include: Reference-quality images from the author's own teaching files show all standard normal findings as seen in CT and MRI Checklists in each section offer the reader a systematic way to approach the images Thorough guidelines to help beginning radiologists dictate their reports Lists of standard measurements and tips for ruling out pathology Trade ReviewThe descriptive interpretation and the checklist can be especially valuable for radiologists in training because it helps them to systematically evaluate and describe normal CT and MR findings...will help everyone differentiate normal from pathological findings.' --European RadiologyTable of ContentsComputer Tomography CT: Head and Neck CT: Chest CT: Abdomen CT: Spinal Column Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI: Head and Neck MRI: Chest MRI: Abdomen MRI: Spinal Column MRI: Joints MRI: Special Investigations

Read more less

Book SynopsisWhile the use of positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET–CT) is a standard of care in oncological practice in many developed countries, it is still limited in many low to middle income nations. To make reliable information more widely available, the IAEA convened an expert consultant group to review, based on the most recent developments of PET radiopharmaceuticals, Human Health Series No. 9, Appropriate Use of FDG-PET for the Management of Cancer Patients. This, the resulting publication, provides up to date recommendations on the optimal use of PET–CT imaging procedures in oncology. It is written for policy makers and decision makers who allocate resources dedicated to the health care system, a critical issue in the development of nuclear medicine in low and middle income countries. It will also benefit medical imaging practitioners as well as referring physicians.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIndustrial computed tomography for advanced industrial non-destructive evaluation is a complex technological area, encompassing nuclear radiation detectors, mechanical engineering, computational mathematics and radiation physics. Additionally, the cost of applying this technology may be prohibitive. This guidebook provides an introduction to gamma computed tomography for non-destructive evaluation imaging in the simplest configuration. It is intended to be of use to the non-destructive testing community, currently practicing conventional radiography techniques. It provides clear information on the relevant practical issues and problems related to setting up computed tomography for industrial non-destructive testing and establishes a basis for understanding the intricacies of the technology

Read more less