Mechanical engineering and materials Books

Book SynopsisMajor changes in gas turbine design, especially in the design and complexity of engine control systems, have led to the need for an up to date, systems-oriented treatment of gas turbine propulsion.Trade Review“Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above.” (Choice, 1 March 2012)Table of ContentsAbout the Authors x Preface xii Series Preface xiv Acknowledgements xvi List of Acronyms xviii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Gas Turbine Concepts 1 1.2 Gas Turbine Systems Overview 6 References 9 2 Basic Gas Turbine Operation 11 2.1 Turbojet Engine Performance 11 2.1.1 Engine Performance Characteristics 18 2.1.2 Compressor Surge Control 22 2.1.3 Variable Nozzles 28 2.2 Concluding Commentary 35 References 35 3 Gas Generator Fuel Control Systems 37 3.1 Basic Concepts of the Gas Generator Fuel Control System 37 3.2 Gas Generator Control Modes 40 3.2.1 Fuel Schedule Definition 42 3.2.2 Overall Gas Generator Control Logic 45 3.2.3 Speed Governing with Acceleration and Deceleration Limiting 46 3.2.4 Compressor Geometry Control 62 3.2.5 Turbine Gas Temperature Limiting 63 3.2.6 Overspeed Limiting 65 3.3 Fuel System Design and Implementation 65 3.3.1 A Historical Review of Fuel Control Technologies 67 3.3.2 Fuel Pumping and Metering Systems 72 3.4 The Concept of Error Budgets in Control Design 77 3.4.1 Measurement Uncertainty 79 3.4.2 Sources of Error 80 3.5 Installation, Qualification, and Certification Considerations 84 3.5.1 Fuel Handling Equipment 84 3.5.2 Full-authority Digital Engine Controls (FADEC) 86 3.6 Concluding Commentary 88 References 88 4 Thrust Engine Control and Augmentation Systems 89 4.1 Thrust Engine Concepts 89 4.2 Thrust Management and Control 92 4.3 Thrust Augmentation 95 4.3.1 Water Injection 96 4.3.2 Afterburning 97 Reference 103 5 Shaft Power Propulsion Control Systems 105 5.1 Turboprop Applications 110 5.1.1 The Single-shaft Engine 110 5.1.2 The Free Turbine Turboprop 112 5.2 Turboshaft Engine Applications 119 Reference 130 6 Engine Inlet, Exhaust, and Nacelle Systems 131 6.1 Subsonic Engine Air Inlets 131 6.1.1 Basic Principles 132 6.1.2 Turboprop Inlet Configurations 133 6.1.3 Inlet Filtration Systems 135 6.2 Supersonic Engine Air Inlets 136 6.2.1 Oblique Shockwaves 137 6.2.2 Combined Oblique/Normal Shock Pressure Recovery Systems 139 6.2.3 Supersonic Inlet Control 141 6.2.4 Overall System Development and Operation 143 6.2.5 Concorde Air Inlet Control System (AICS) Example 144 6.3 Inlet Anti-icing 150 6.3.1 Bleed-air Anti-icing Systems 151 6.3.2 Electrical Anti-icing Systems 151 6.4 Exhaust Systems 151 6.4.1 Thrust Reversing Systems 152 6.4.2 Thrust Vectoring Concepts 155 References 160 7 Lubrication Systems 161 7.1 Basic Principles 161 7.2 Lubrication System Operation 169 7.2.1 System Design Concept 170 7.2.2 System Design Considerations 174 7.2.3 System Monitoring 174 7.2.4 Ceramic Bearings 179 References 179 8 Power Extraction and Starting Systems 181 8.1 Mechanical Power Extraction 181 8.1.1 Fuel Control Systems Equipment 181 8.1.2 Hydraulic Power Extraction 183 8.1.3 Lubrication and Scavenge Pumps 184 8.1.4 Electrical Power Generation 184 8.2 Engine Starting 187 8.3 Bleed-air-powered Systems and Equipment 189 8.3.1 Bleed-air-driven Pumps 191 8.3.2 Bleed Air for Environmental Control, Pressurization and Anti-icing Systems 192 8.3.3 Fuel Tank Inerting 193 References 194 9 Marine Propulsion Systems 195 9.1 Propulsion System Designation 197 9.2 The Aero-derivative Gas Turbine Engine 198 9.3 The Marine Environment 199 9.3.1 Marine Propulsion Inlets 200 9.3.2 Marine Exhaust Systems 203 9.3.3 Marine Propellers 204 9.4 The Engine Enclosure 206 9.4.1 The Engine Support System 207 9.4.2 Enclosure Air Handling 208 9.4.3 Enclosure Protection 208 9.5 Engine Ancillary Equipment 209 9.5.1 Engine Starting System 209 9.5.2 Engine Lubrication System 211 9.5.3 Fuel Supply System 212 9.6 Marine Propulsion Control 214 9.6.1 Ship Operations 214 9.6.2 Overall Propulsion Control 217 9.6.3 Propulsion System Monitoring 219 9.6.4 Propulsion System Controller 222 9.6.5 Propulsion System Sequencer 224 9.7 Concluding Commentary 224 References 225 10 Prognostics and Health Monitoring Systems 227 10.1 Basic Concepts in Engine Operational Support Systems 229 10.1.1 Material Life Limits 229 10.1.2 Performance-related Issues 232 10.1.3 Unscheduled Events 234 10.2 The Role of Design in Engine Maintenance 234 10.2.1 Reliability 235 10.2.2 Maintainability 237 10.2.3 Availability 239 10.2.4 Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis 241 10.3 Prognostics and Health Monitoring (PHM) 243 10.3.1 The Concept of a Diagnostic Algorithm 244 10.3.2 Qualification of a Fault Indicator 245 10.3.3 The Element of Time in Diagnostics 250 10.3.4 Data Management Issues 251 References 255 11 New and Future Gas Turbine Propulsion System Technologies 257 11.1 Thermal Efficiency 257 11.2 Improvements in Propulsive Efficiency 260 11.2.1 The Pratt & Whitney PW1000G Geared Turbofan Engine 261 11.2.2 The CFM International Leap Engine 264 11.2.3 The Propfan Concept 265 11.3 Other Engine Technology Initiatives 268 11.3.1 The Boeing 787 Bleedless Engine Concept 268 11.3.2 New Engine Systems Technologies 271 11.3.3 Emergency Power Generation 276 11.3.4 On-board Diagnostics 277 References 277 Appendix A Compressor Stage Performance 279 A.1 The Origin of Compressor Stage Characteristics 279 A.2 Energy Transfer from Rotor to Air 281 References 284 Appendix B Estimation of Compressor Maps 285 B.1 Design Point Analysis 288 B.2 Stage Stacking Analysis 291 References 293 Appendix C Thermodynamic Modeling of Gas Turbines 295 C.1 Linear Small-perturbation Modeling 295 C.1.1 Rotor Dynamics 296 C.1.2 Rotor Dynamics with Pressure Term 297 C.1.3 Pressure Dynamics 298 C.2 Full-range Model: Extended Linear Approach 298 C.3 Component-based Thermodynamic Models 299 C.3.1 Inlet 301 C.3.2 Compressor 302 C.3.3 Combustor 302 C.3.4 Turbine 304 C.3.5 Jet Pipe 305 C.3.6 Nozzle 306 C.3.7 Rotor 306 References 306 Appendix D Introduction to Classical Feedback Control 307 D.1 Closing the Loop 307 D.2 Block Diagrams and Transfer Functions 308 D.3 The Concept of Stability 310 D.3.1 The Rule for Stability 310 D.4 Frequency Response 311 D.4.1 Calculating Frequency Response 311 D.5 Laplace Transforms 315 D.5.1 Root Locus 317 D.5.2 Root Locus Construction Rules 318 Reference 321 Index 323

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Book SynopsisProvides an introductory survey of nanotechnology. Based on the highly acclaimed 2003 Wiley title Introduction to Nanotechnology , This new textbook includes problem sets for each chapter, updated material from the earlier book, and rewritten sections to be more pedagogical in nature. .Trade Review"This book would be an excellent choice for a one- or two-semester course in a materials science, chemistry, or physics course. It would also be of interest to any of our readers interested in learning about nanotechnology. It is written to provide the reader with a sound foundation for understanding the key fundamentals of nanotechnology. This book will be popular." (IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, January/February 2009)Table of ContentsPreface xv 1. Physics of Bulk Solids 1 1.1 Structure 1 1.1.1 Size Dependence of Properties 1 1.1.2 Crystal Structures 2 1.1.3 Face-Centered Cubic Nanoparticles 7 1.1.4 Large Face-Centered Cubic Nanoparticles 9 1.1.5 Tetrahedrally Bonded Semiconductor Structures 10 1.1.6 Lattice Vibrations 14 1.2 Surfaces of Crystals 16 1.2.1 Surface Characteristics 16 1.2.2 Surface Energy 17 1.2.3 Face-Centered Cubic Surface Layers 18 1.2.4 Surfaces of Zinc Blende and Diamond Structures 21 1.2.5 Adsorption of Gases 23 1.2.6 Electronic Structure of a Surface 25 1.2.7 Surface Quantum Well 26 1.3 Energy Bands 26 1.3.1 Insulators, Semiconductors, and Conductors 26 1.3.2 Reciprocal Space 27 1.3.3 Energy Bands and Gaps of Semiconductors 28 1.3.4 Effective Mass 34 1.3.5 Fermi Surfaces 35 1.4 Localized Particles 36 1.4.1 Donors, Acceptors, and Deep Traps 36 1.4.2 Mobility 37 1.4.3 Excitons 38 Problems 40 References 41 2. Methods of Measuring Properties of Nanostructures 43 2.1 Introduction 43 2.2 Structure 44 2.2.1 Atomic Structures 44 2.2.2 Crystallography 45 2.2.3 Particle Size Determination 50 2.2.4 Surface Structure 54 2.3 Microscopy 54 2.3.1 Transmission Electron Microscopy 54 2.3.2 Field Ion Microscopy 59 2.3.3 Scanning Microscopy 59 2.4 Spectroscopy 66 2.4.1 Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy 66 2.4.2 Photoemission, X-Ray, and Auger Spectroscopy 72 2.4.3 Magnetic Resonance 78 2.5 Various Bulk Properties 81 2.5.1 Mechanical Properties 81 2.5.2 Electrical Properties 81 2.5.3 Magnetic Properties 82 2.5.4 Other Properties 82 Problems 82 References 83 3. Properties of Individual Nanoparticles 85 3.1 Introduction 85 3.2 Metal Nanoclusters 86 3.2.1 Magic Numbers 86 3.2.2 Theoretical Modeling of Nanoparticles 88 3.2.3 Geometric Structure 91 3.2.4 Electronic Structure 94 3.2.5 Reactivity 97 3.2.6 Fluctuations 100 3.2.7 Magnetic Clusters 100 3.2.8 Bulk-to-Nano Transition 103 3.3 Semiconducting Nanoparticles 104 3.3.1 Optical Properties 104 3.3.2 Photofragmentation 106 3.3.3 Coulomb Explosion 107 3.4 Rare-Gas and Molecular Clusters 107 3.4.1 Inert-Gas Clusters 107 3.4.2 Superfluid Clusters 108 3.4.3 Molecular Clusters 109 3.4.4 Nanosized Organic Crystals 111 3.5 Methods of Synthesis 111 3.5.1 RF Plasma 111 3.5.2 Chemical Methods 111 3.5.3 Thermolysis 112 3.5.4 Pulsed-Laser Methods 114 3.5.5 Synthesis of Nanosized Organic Crystals 114 3.6 Summary 118 Problems 118 4. The Chemistry of Nanostructures 121 4.1 Chemical Synthesis of Nanostructures 121 4.1.1 Solution Synthesis 121 4.1.2 Capped Nanoclusters 122 4.1.3 Solgel Processing 124 4.1.4 Electrochemical Synthesis of Nanostructures 125 4.2 Reactivity of Nanostructures 125 4.3 Catalysis 127 4.3.1 Nature of Catalysis 127 4.3.2 Surface Area of Nanoparticles 127 4.3.3 Porous Materials 131 4.4 Self-Assembly 135 4.4.1 The Self-Assembly Process 135 4.4.2 Semiconductor Islands 136 4.4.3 Monolayers 139 Problems 141 5. Polymer and Biological Nanostructures 143 5.1 Polymers 143 5.1.1 Polymer Structure 143 5.1.2 Sizes of Polymers 146 5.1.3 Nanocrystals of Polymers 148 5.1.4 Conductive Polymers 151 5.1.5 Block Copolymers 152 5.2 Biological Nanostructures 154 5.2.1 Sizes of Biological Nanostructures 154 5.2.2 Polypeptide Nanowire and Protein Nanoparticles 160 5.2.3 Nucleic Acids 162 5.2.3.1 DNA Double Nanowire 162 5.2.3.2 Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis 166 5.2.3.3 Proteins 167 5.2.3.4 Micelles and Vesicles 169 5.2.3.5 Multilayer Films 172 Problems 174 References 174 6. Cohesive Energy 177 6.1 Ionic Solids 177 6.2 Defects in Ionic Solids 183 6.3 Covalently Bonded Solids 185 6.4 Organic Crystals 186 6.5 Inert-Gas Solids 190 6.6 Metals 191 6.7 Conclusion 193 Problems 193 7. Vibrational Properties 195 7.1 The Finite One-Dimensional Monatomic Lattice 195 7.2 Ionic Solids 197 7.3 Experimental Observations 199 7.3.1 Optical and Acoustical Modes 199 7.3.2 Vibrational Spectroscopy of Surface Layers of Nanoparticles 201 7.3.2.1 Raman Spectroscopy of Surface Layers 201 7.3.2.2 Infrared Spectroscopy of Surface Layers 201 7.4 Phonon Confinement 207 7.5 Effect of Dimension on Lattice Vibrations 209 7.6 Effect of Dimension on Vibrational Density of States 211 7.7 Effect of Size on Debye Frequency 215 7.8 Melting Temperature 216 7.9 Specific Heat 218 7.10 Plasmons 220 7.11 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 222 7.12 Phase Transitions 223 Problems 226 References 227 8. Electronic Properties 229 8.1 Ionic Solids 229 8.2 Covalently Bonded Solids 232 8.3 Metals 234 8.3.1 Effect of Lattice Parameter on Electronic Structure 235 8.3.2 Free-Electron Model 235 8.3.3 The Tight-Binding Model 239 8.4 Measurements of Electronic Structure of Nanoparticles 242 8.4.1 Semiconducting Nanoparticles 242 8.4.2 Organic Solids 248 8.4.3 Metals 250 Problems 251 9. Quantum Wells, Wires, and Dots 253 9.1 Introduction 253 9.2 Fabricating Quantum Nanostructures 253 9.2.1 Solution Fabrication 254 9.2.2 Lithography 257 9.3 Size and Dimensionality Effects 261 9.3.1 Size Effects 261 9.3.2 Size Effects on Conduction Electrons 263 9.3.3 Conduction Electrons and Dimensionality 264 9.3.4 Fermi Gas and Density of States 265 9.3.5 Potential Wells 268 9.3.6 Partial Confinement 272 9.3.7 Properties Dependent on Density of States 273 9.4 Excitons 275 9.5 Single-Electron Tunneling 276 9.6 Applications 280 9.6.1 Infrared Detectors 280 9.6.2 Quantum Dot Lasers 280 Problems 285 References 285 10. Carbon Nanostructures 287 10.1 Introduction 287 10.2 Carbon Molecules 287 10.2.1 Nature of the Carbon Bond 287 10.2.2 New Carbon Structures 289 10.3 Carbon Clusters 289 10.3.1 Small Carbon Clusters 289 10.3.2 Buckyball 292 10.3.3 The Structure of Molecular C60 293 10.3.4 Crystalline C60 296 10.3.5 Larger and Smaller Buckyballs 300 10.3.6 Buckyballs of Other Atoms 300 10.4 Carbon Nanotubes 301 10.4.1 Fabrication 301 10.4.2 Structure 304 10.4.3 Electronic Properties 306 10.4.4 Vibrational Properties 312 10.4.5 Functionalization 314 10.4.6 Doped Carbon Nanotubes 322 10.4.7 Mechanical Properties 325 10.5 Nanotube Composites 327 10.5.1 Polymer–Carbon Nanotube Composites 327 10.5.2 Metal–Carbon Nanotube Composites 329 10.6 Graphene Nanostructures 330 Problems 335 11. Bulk Nanostructured Materials 337 11.1 Solid Methods for Preparation of Disordered Nanostructures 337 11.1.1 Methods of Synthesis 337 11.1.2 Metal Nanocluster Composite Glasses 340 11.1.3 Porous Silicon 343 11.2 Nanocomposites 347 11.2.1 Layered Nanocomposites 347 11.2.2 Nanowire Composites 349 11.2.3 Composites of Nanoparticles 350 11.3 Nanostructured Crystals 351 11.3.1 Natural Nanocrystals 351 11.3.2 Crystals of Metal Nanoparticles 352 11.3.3 Arrays of Nanoparticles in Zeolites 355 11.3.4 Nanoparticle Lattices in Colloidal Suspensions 357 11.3.5 Computational Prediction of Cluster Lattices 358 11.4 Electrical Conduction in Bulk Nanostructured Materials 359 11.4.1 Bulk Materials Consisting of Nanosized Grains 359 11.4.2 Nanometer-Thick Amorphous Films 364 11.5 Other Properties 364 Problems 365 12. Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Materials 367 12.1 Stress–Strain Behavior of Materials 367 12.2 Failure Mechanisms of Conventional Grain-Sized Materials 370 12.3 Mechanical Properties of Consolidated Nano-Grained Materials 371 12.4 Nanostructured Multilayers 374 12.5 Mechanical and Dynamical Properties of Nanosized Devices 376 12.5.1 General Considerations 376 12.5.2 Nanopendulum 378 12.5.3 Vibrations of a Nanometer String 380 12.5.4 The Nanospring 381 12.5.5 The Clamped Beam 382 12.5.6 The Challenges and Possibilities of Nanomechanical Sensors 385 12.5.7 Methods of Fabrication of Nanosized Devices 387 Problems 390 13. Magnetism in Nanostructures 393 13.1 Basics of Ferromagnetism 393 13.2 Behavior of Powders of Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles 398 13.2.1 Properties of a Single Ferromagnetic Nanoparticle 398 13.2.2 Dynamics of Individual Magnetic Nanoparticles 400 13.2.3 Measurements of Superparamagnetism and the Blocking Temperature 402 13.2.4 Nanopore Containment of Magnetic Particles 405 13.3 Ferrofluids 406 13.4 Bulk Nanostructured Magnetic Materials 413 13.4.1 Effect of Nanosized Grain Structure on Magnetic Properties 413 13.4.2 Magnetoresistive Materials 416 13.4.3 Carbon Nanostructured Ferromagnets 424 13.5 Antiferromagnetic Nanoparticles 429 Problems 430 14. Nanoelectronics, Spintronics, Molecular Electronics, and Photonics 433 14.1 Nanoelectronics 433 14.1.1 N and P Doping and PN Junctions 433 14.1.2 MOSFET 435 14.1.3 Scaling of MOSFETs 436 14.2 Spintronics 440 14.2.1 Definition and Examples of Spintronic Devices 440 14.2.2 Magnetic Storage and Spin Valves 440 14.2.3 Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors 445 14.3 Molecular Switches and Electronics 449 14.3.1 Molecular Switches 449 14.3.2 Molecular Electronics 453 14.3.3 Mechanism of Conduction through a Molecule 458 14.4 Photonic Crystals 459 Problems 465 Reference 466 15. Superconductivity in Nanomaterials 467 15.1 Introduction 467 15.2 Zero Resistance 467 15.2.1 The Superconducting Gap 469 15.2.2 Cooper Pairs 470 15.3 The Meissner Effect 472 15.3.1 Magnetic Field Exclusion 472 15.3.2 Type I and Type II Superconductors 474 15.4 Properties of Flux 478 15.4.1 Quantization of Flux 478 15.4.2 Vortex Configurations 479 15.4.3 Flux Creep and Flux Flow 480 15.4.4 Vortex Pinning 484 15.5 Dependence of Superconducting Properties on Size Effects 484 15.6 Resistivity and Sheet Resistance 484 15.7 Proximity Effect 488 15.8 Superconductors as Nanomaterials 490 15.9 Tunneling and Josephson Junctions 491 15.9.1 Tunneling 491 15.9.2 Weak Links 491 15.9.3 Josephson Effect 493 15.9.4 Josephson Junctions 494 15.9.5 Ultrasmall Josephson Junctions 494 15.10 Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (Squid) 495 15.11 Buckministerfullerenes 496 15.11.1 The Structure of C60 and Its Crystal 496 15.11.2 Alkali-Doped C60 496 15.11.3 Superconductivity in C60 497 Problems 498 References 499 Appendix A Formulas for Dimensionality 501 A.1 Introduction 501 A.2 Delocalization 501 A.3 Square and Parabolic Wells 502 A.4 Partial Confinement 503 Appendix B Tabulations of Semiconducting Material Properties 507 Appendix C Face-Centered Cubic and Hexagonal Close-Packed Nanoparticles 515 C.1 Introduction 515 C.2 Face-Centered Cubic Nanoparticles 515 C.3 Hexagonal Close-Packed Nanoparticles 519 Index 521

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Book SynopsisProvides an organized and carefully selected collection of current research papers from two recent symposia, including The Characterization and Processing of Nanosize Powders and Particles and Nanoscale and Multifunctional Materials symposia both held at the 6th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology in Fall 2005. The topics covered include techniques to characterize nanosize powders and nanoparticle dispersions, green processing of nanopowders, and the sintering and microstructure of nanoparticle assemblies.Table of ContentsPreface ix Synthesis Synthesis of High Purity ß-SiAION Nanopowder From a Zeolite by Gas-Reduction-Nitridation 3 Tomohiro Yamakawa, Tom Wakihara, Junichi Tatami, Katsutoshi Komeya, and Takeshi Meguro Electrospinning of Ceramic Nanofibers and Nanofiber Composites 9 Junhan Yuh, Hyun Park, and Wolfgang M. Sigmund Melt Synthesis and Characterization of (A1-xA'x)(B1-yB'y)03 Complexed Oxide Perovskites 21 Tadashi Ishigaki, Kazumasa Seki, Shunji Araki, Naonori Sakamoto, Tomoaki Watanabe, and Masahiro Yoshimura Carbon Derived Si3N4+SiC Micro/Nano Composite 29 Jan Dusza, Monika Kasiarova, Alexandra Vysocka, Jana Spakova, Miroslav Hnatko, and Pavol Sajgalik Dispersion Modification of Nanosize Silica Particle Surfaces to Improve Dispersion in a Polymer Matrix 39 Chika Takai, Masayoshi Fuji, and Minoru Takahashi Possibility of Comb-Graft Copolymers as Dispersants for SiC Suspensions in Ethanol 47 Toshio Kakui, Mitsuru Ishii, and Hidehiro Kamiya Dispersion Control and Microstructure Design of Nanoparticles by Using Microbial Derived Surfacant 61 Hidehiro Kamiya, Yuichi tida, Kenjiro Gomi, Yuichi Yonemochi, Shigekazu Kobiyama, Motoyuki lijima, and Mayumi Tsukada Forming Analysis of Consolidation Behavior of 68 nm-Yttha-Stabilized Zirconia Particles During Pressure Filtration 73 Yoshihiro Hirata and Yosuke Tanaka Colloidal Processing and Sintering of Nano-Zr02 Powders Using Polyethylenimine (PEI) 85 Yuji Hotta, Cihangir Duran, Kimiyasu Sato, and Koji Watari Importance of Primary Powder Selection in Aerosol Deposition of Aluminum Nitride 95 Atsushi Iwata and Jun Akedo Preparation of 3D Colloidal Sphere Arrays Using Barium Titanate Fine Particles and Their Dielectric Properties 105 Satoshi Wada, Hiroaki Yasuno, Aki Yazawa, Takuya Hoshina, Hirofumi Kakemoto, and Takaaki Tsurumi Sintering and Properties Sintering and Mechanical Properties of SiC Using Nanometer-Size Powder 117 Nobuhiro Hidaka and Yoshihiro Hirata Mechanical Properties of Ce-Doped Zirconia Ceramics Sintered at Low Temperature 129 Michihito Muroi and Geoff Trotter Using Master Curve Model on the Sintering of Nanocrystalline Titania 141 Mao-Hua Teng and Mong-Hsia Chen Mechanical Properties and Hardness of Advanced Superhard Nanocrystalline Films and Nanomaterials 151 Murli H. Manghnani, Pavel V. Zinin, Sergey N. Tkachev, Pavla Karvankova, and Stan Veprek Nanocomposites and Nanostructures Initial Investigation of Nano-TiC/Ni and TiC/NigAI Cermets for SOFC Interconnect Applications 163 Hua Xie and Rasit Koc Intra-Type Nanocomposites for Strengthened and Toughened Ceramic Materials 173 Seong-min Choi, Sawao Honda, Shinobu Hashimoto, and Hideo Awaji Periodic Nanovoid Structure in Glass Via Femtosecond Laser Irradiation 181 Shingo Kanehira, Koji Fujita, Kazuyuki Hirao, Jinhai Si, and Jianrong Qiu Materials Properties of Nano-Sized FeAIN Particles in Thin Films 191 Yuandan Liu, R.E. Miller, Dingqiang Li, Qiquan Feng, W. Votava, Tao Zhang, L.N. Dunkleberger, X.W. Wang, R. Gray, T. Bibens, J. Heifer, K. Mooney, R. Nowak, and P. Lubitz Preparation and Properties of Mullite-Based Iron Multi-Functional Nanocomposites 203 Hao Wang, Weimin Wang, Zhengyi Fu, Tohru Sekino, and Koichi Niihara Design of Nanohybrid Materials With Dual Functions 213 Jin-Ho Choy Single-Crystal SiC Nanotubes: Molecular-Dynamic Modeling of Structure and Thermal Behavior 227 V.L. Bekenev, V.V. Kartuzov, and Y. Gogotsi Vibrational Spectrum of a Diamond-Like Film on SiC Substrate 233 V. Shevchenko, Y. Gogotsi, and E. Kartuzov Author Index 237

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Book SynopsisAdvances in nanotechnology offer great new promise in new multifunctional systems that experts predict to be a major economic force within the next decade. Ceramic materials enable new developments in such areas as electronics and displays, portable power systems and personnel protection.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Nanoparticle Colloidal Suspension Optimization and Freeze-Cast Forming (Kathy Lu and Chris S. Kessler). Synthesis, Characterization and Measurements of Electrical Properties of Alumina-Titania Nano-Composites (Vikas Somani and Samar J. Kalita). Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Barium Strontium Titanate Ceramics (Vikas Somani and Samar J. Kalita). Nanoparticle Hydroxyapatite Crystallization Control by using Polyelectrolytes (Mualla dner and dzlem Dogan). Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes and Silicon Carbide Nanofibers as Composite Reinforcing Materials (Hao Li, Abhishek Kothari, and Brian W. Sheldon). 3-D Microparticles of BaTiO, and Zn,SiO, via the Chemical (Sol-Gel, Acetate, or Hydrothermal) Conversion of Biological (Diatom) Templates (Ye Cai, Michael R. Weatherspoon, Eric Ernst, Michael S. Haluska, Robert L. Snyder, and Kenneth H. Sandhage) Polymer Fiber Assisted Processing of Ceramic Oxide Nano and Submicron Fibers (Satyajit Shukla, Erik Brinley, Hyoung J. Cho, and Sudipta Seal). Phase Development in the Catalytic System V205/Ti02 under Oxidizing Conditions (D. Habel, E. Feike, C. Schroder, H. Schubert, A. Hosch, J.,Stelzer, J. Caro, C. Hess, and A. Knop-Gericke). Synthesis and Characterization of Cubic Silicon Carbide (O-Sic) and Trigonal Silicon Nitride (a-Si,N,) Nanowires (K. Saulig-Wenger, M. Bechelany, D. Cornu, S. Bernard, F. Chassagneux, P. Miele, and T. Epicier). High Energy Milling Behavior of Alpha Silicon Carbide (M. Aparecida Pinheiro dos Santos and C. Albano da.Costa Neto). Synthesis of Boron Nitride Nanotubes for Engineering Applications (J. Hurst, D. Hull, and D. Gorican). Comparison of Electromagnetic Shielding in GFR-Nano Composites (W.-K. Jung, S.-H. Ahn, and M.-S. Won). Densification Behavior of Zirconia Ceramics Sintered Using High-Frequency Microwaves (M. Wolff, G. Falk, R. Clasen, G. Link, S. Takayama, and M. Thumm). Manufacturing of Doped Glasses Using Reactive Electrophoretic Deposition (REPD) (D. Jung, J. Tabellion, and R. Clasen). Shaping of Bulk Glasses and Ceramics with Nanosized Particles (J. Tabellion and R. Clasen). Author Index.

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Book SynopsisPart of the proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 22-27, 2006, Cocoa Beach, Florida. Organized and sponsored by The American Ceramic Society and The American Ceramic Society's Engineering Ceramics Division in conjunction with the Nuclear and Environmental Technology Division.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Advanced Thermal Barrier Coating Development and Testing. Relation of Thermal Conductivity with Process Induced Anisotropic Void Systems in EB-PVD PYSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings (A. Flores Renteria, B. Saruhan, and J. llavsky). Segmentation Cracks in Plasma Sprayed Thin Thermal Barrier Coatings (Hongbo Guo, Hideyuki Murakami, and Seiji Kuroda). Design of Alternative Multilayer Thick Thermal Barrier Coatings (H. Samadi and T. W. Coyle). Creep Behaviour of Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings (Reza Soltani, Thomas W. Coyle, and Javad Mostaghimi). Corrosion Rig Testing of Thermal Barrier Coating Systems (Robert VaOen, Doris Sebold, Gerhard Pracht, and Detlev Stover). Thermal Properties of Nanoporous YSZ Coatings Fabricated by EB-PVD (Byung-Koog Jang, Norio Yamaguchi, and Hideaki Matsubara). Oxidation Behavior and Main Causes for Accelerated Oxidation in Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings (Hideyuki Arikawa, Yoshitaka Kojima, Mitsutoshi Okada, Takayuki Yoshioka, and Tohru Hisamatsu). Crack Growth and Delamination of Air Plasma-Sprayed Y203-ZrO, 8 1 TBC After Formation of TGO Layer (Makoto Hasegawa, Yu-Fu Liu, and Yutaka Kagawa). Lanthanum-Lithium Hexaaluminate-A New Material for Thermal Barrier Coatings in Magnetoplumbite Structure-Material and Process Development (Gerhard Pracht, Robert VaOen and Detlev Stover). Modeling and Life Prediction of Thermal Barrier Coatings. Simulation of Stress Development and Crack Formation in APS-TBCS For Cyclic Oxidation Loading and Comparison with Experimental Observations (R. Herzog, P. Bednarz, E. Trunova, V. Shernet, R. W. Steinbrech, F. Schubert, and L. Singheiser). Numerical Simulation of Crack Growth Mechanisms Occurring Near the Bondcoat Surface in Air Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings (A. Casu, J.-L. Marques, R. VaOen, and D. Stover). Comparison of the Radiative Two-Flux and Diffusion Approximations (Charles M. Spuckler). Damage Prediction of Thermal Barrier Coating (Y. Ohtake). Environmental Barrier Coatings for Si-Based Ceramics. The Water-Vapour Hot Gas Corrosion Behavior of AI,03-Y,03 Materials, Y,SiO, and Y3Al,0,,-Coated Alumina in a Combustion Environment (Marco Fritsch and Hagen Klernm). Evaluation of Environmental Barrier Coatings for SiC/SiC Composites (H. Nakayama, K. Morishita, S. Ochiai, T. Sekigawa, K. Aoyarna, and A. lkawa). Life Limiting Properties of Uncoated and Environmental-Barrier Coated Silicon Nitride at Higher Temperature (Sung R. Choi, Dongrning Zhu, and Rarnakrishna T. Bhatt). Multilayer EBC for Silicon Nitride (C. A. Lewinsohn, Q. Zhao, and B. Nair). Non-Destructive Evaluation of Thermal and Environmental Barrier Coatings. Characterization of Cracks in Thermal Barrier Coatings Using Impedance Spectroscopy (Lifen Deng, Xiaofeng Zhao, and Ping Xiao). Nondestructive Evaluation Methods for High Temperature Ceramic Coatings (William A. Ellingson, Rachel Lipanovich, Stacie Hopson, and Robert Visher). Nondestructive Evaluation of Environmental Barrier Coatings in CFCC Combustor Liners (J. G. Sun, J. Benz, W. A. Ellingson, J. G. Kimmel, and J. R. Price). Ceramic Coatings for Spacecraft Applications. Charging of Ceramic Materials Due to Space-Based Radiation Environment (Jennifer L. Sample, Ashish Nedungadi, Jordan Wilkerson, Don King, David Drewry, Ken Potocki, and Doug Eng). Spacecraft Thermal Management via Control of Optical Properties in the Near Solar Environment (David Drewry, Don King, Jennifer Sample, Dale Clemons, Keith Caruso, Ken Potocki, Doug Eng, Doug Mehoke, Michael Mattix, Michael Thomas, and Denis Nagle). Multifunctional Coatings and Interfaces. Preparation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Silicon Oxycarbide Composite by Polyphenylsilsesquioxane Impregnation and Their Fracture Behavior (Manabu Fukushima, Satoshi Kobayashi, and Hideki Kita). Interfacial Processing Via CVD For Nicalon Based Ceramic Matrix Composites (Christopher L. Hill, Justin W. Reutenauer, Kevin A. Arpin, Steven L. Suib, and Michael A. Kmetz). Coatings of Fe/FeAIN Thin Films (Yuandan Liu, R. E. Miller, Tao Zhang, Qiquan Feng, W. Votava, Dingqiang Li, L. N. Dunkleberger, X. W. Wang, R. Gray, T. Bibens, J. Helfer, K. Mooney, R. Nowak, P. Lubitz, and Yanwen Zhang). Polymeric and Ceramic-Like Coatings on the Basis of SiN(C) Precursors for Protection of Metals Against Corrosion and Oxidation (M. Gunthner, Y. Albrecht, and G. Motz). Effect of Temperature and Spin-Coating Cycles on Microstructure Evolution for Tb-Substituted SrCeO, Thin Membrane Films (Satyajit Shukla, Mohamed M. Elbaccouch, Sudipta Seal, and Ali T-Raissi). Development of Boridized Passivation Layer for Use in PEM Fuel Cells Bipolar Plates (K. Scott Weil, Jin Yong Kim, Gordon Xia, Jim Coleman, and Z. Gary Yang). Functionally Graded Materials. Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Low Thermal Expansion Ceramic Matrix Composites (C. M. Chan and A. J. Ruys). Development of the Impeller-Dry-Blending Process for the Fabrication of Metal-Ceramic Functionally Graded Materials (D. T. Chavara and A. J. Ruys). Author Index.

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Book SynopsisDue to its many potential benefits, including high electrical efficiency and low environmental emissions, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology is the subject of extensive research and development efforts by national laboratories, universities, and private industries.Table of ContentsPreface xi Introduction xiii Overview and Current Status Development of Two Types of Tubular SOFCs at TOT0 3Akira Kawakami, Satoshi Matsuoka, Naoki Watanabe, Takeshi Saito, Akira Ueno, Tatsumi Ishihara, Natsuko Sakai, and Harumi Yokokawa Cell and Stack Development Development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Using Lanthanum Gallate-Based Oxide as an Electrolyte 17T. Yamada, N. Chitose, H. Etou, M. Yamada, K. Hosoi, N. Komada, T. Inagaki, F. Nishiwaki, K. Hashino, H. Yoshida, M. Kawano, S. Yamasaki, and T. lshihara Anode Supported LSCM-LSGM-LSM Solid Oxide Fuel Cell 27Alidad Mohammadi, Nigel M. Sammes, Jakub Pusz, and Alevtina L. Smirnova Characterization/Testing Influence of Anode Thickness on the Electrochemical Performance of Single Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 37B. E. Buergler, Y. Santschi, M. Felberbaum, and L. J. Gauckler Investigation of Performance Degradation of SOFC Using Chromium-Containing Alloy Interconnects 47D. R. Beeaff, A. Dinesen, and P. V. Hendriksen Degradation Mechanism of Metal Supported Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 55D. Hathiramani, R. VaOen, J. Mertens, D. Sebold, V. A. C. Haanappel, and D. Stover Effect of Transition Metal Ions on the Conductivity and Stability of Stabilized Zirconia 67D. Lybye and M. Mogensen Thermophysical Properties of YSZ and Ni-YSZ as a Function of Temperature and Porosity 79M. Radovic, E. Lara-Curzio, R. M. Trejo, H. Wang, and W. D. Porter Physical Properties in the Bi2O3-Fe2O3S ystem Containing Y2O3 and CaO Dopants 87Hsin-Chai Huang, Yu-Chen Chang, and Tzer-Shin Sheu Electrical Properties of Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 Ceramics Prepared by an Aqueous Process 95Toshiaki Yamaguchi, Yasufumi Suzuki, Wataru Sakamoto, and Shin-ichi Hirano Structural Study and Conductivity of BaZr0.90Ga0.10O2.95 105lstaq Ahmed, Elisabet Ahlberg, Sten Eriksson, Christoper Knee, Maths Karlsson, Aleksandar Matic, and Lars Borjesson Hydrogen Flux in Terbium Doped Strontium Cerate Membrane 119Mohamed M. Elbaccouch and Ali T-Raissi A Mechanical-Electrochemical Theory of Defects in Ionic Solids 125Narasimhan Swaminathan and Jianmin Qu Electrodes Nanostructured Ceramic Suspensions for Electrodes and the Brazilian SOFC Network "Rede PaCOS" 139R. C. Cordeiro, G. S. Trindade, R. N. S. H. MagalhSies, G. C. Silva, P. R. Villalobos, M. C. R. S. Varela, and P. E. V. de Miranda Modeling of MlEC Cathodes: The Effect of Sheet Resistance 153David S. Mebane, Erik Koep, and Meilin Liu Cathode Thermal Delamination Study for a Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with Functional Graded Properties: Experimental Investigation and Numerical Results 161Gang Ju, Kenneth Reifsnider, and Jeong-Ho Kim Electrochemical Characteristics of Ni/Gd-Doped Ceria and Ni/Sm-Doped Ceria Anodes for SOFC Using Dry Methane Fuel 175Caroline Levy, Shinichi Hasegawa, Shiko Nakamura, Manabu Ihara, and Keiji Yamahara Control of Microstructure of NiO-SDC Composite Particles for Development of High Performance SOFC Anodes 183Koichi Kawahara, Seiichi Suda, Seiji Takahashi, Mitsunobu Kawano, Hiroyuki Yoshida, and Toru lnagaki Electrochemical Characterization and Identification of Reaction Sites in Oxide Anodes 193T. Nakamura, K. Yashiro, A. Kairnai, T. Otake, K. Sato, G.J . Park, T. Kawada, and J. Mizusaki Interconnects and Protective Coatings Corrosion Performance of Ferritic Steel for SOFC Interconnect Applications 201M. Ziomek-Moroz, G. R. Holcomb, B. S. Covino, Jr., S. J. Bullard, P. D. Jablonski, and D. E. Alrnan High Temperature Corrosion Behavior of Oxidation Resistant Alloys Under SOFC Interconnect Dual Exposures 211Zhenguo Yang, Greg W. Coffey, Joseph P. Rice, Prabhakar Singh, Jeffry W. Stevenson, and Guan-Guang Xia Electro-Deposited Protective Coatings for Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnects 223Christopher Johnson, Chad Schaeffer, Heidi Barron, and Randall Gemmen Properties of (Mn,Co)3O4 Spinel Protection Layers for SOFC Interconnects 231Zhenguo Yang, Xiao-Hong Li, Gary D. Maupin, Prabhakar Singh, Steve P. Sirnner, Jeffry W. Stevenson, Guan-Guang Xia, and Xiaodong Zhou Fuel Cell Interconnecting Coatings Produced by Different Thermal Spray Techniques 241E. Garcia and T. W. Coyle Surface Modification of Alloys for Improved Oxidation Resistance in SOFC Applications 253David E. Alman, Paul D. Jablonski, and Steven C. Kung Seals Composite Seal Development and Evaluation 265Matthew M. Seabaugh, Kathy Sabolsky, Gene B. Arkenberg, and Jerry L. Jayjohn Investigation of SOFC-Gaskets Containing Compressive Mica Layers Under Dual Atmosphere Conditions 273F. Wiener, M. Brarn, H.-P. Buchkrerner, and D. Sebold Performance of Self-Healing Seals for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) 287Raj N. Singh and Shailendra S. Parihar Properties of Glass-Ceramic for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 297S. T. Reis, R. K. Brow, T. Zhang, and P. Jasinski Mechanical Behavior of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Seal Glass-Boron Nitride Nanotubes Composite 305Sung R. Choi, Narottam P. Bansal, Janet B. Hurst, and Anita Garg Mechanical Behaviour of Glassy Composite Seals for IT-SOFC Application 315K. A. Nielsen, M. Solvang, S. B. L. Nielsen, and D. Beeaff Mechanical Property Characterizations and Performance Modeling of SOFC Seals 325Brian J. Koeppel, John S. Vetrano, Ba Nghiep Nguyen, Xin Sun, and Moe A. Khaleel Mechanical Properties Fracture Test of Thin Sheet Electrolytes 339Jurgen Malzbender, Rolf W. Steinbrech, and Lorenz Singheiser Failure Modes of Thin Supported Membranes 347P. V. Hendriksen, J. R. Hprgsberg, A. M. Kjeldsen, B. F. Sorensena, and H. G. Pedersen Comparison of Mechanical Properties of NiO/YSZ by Different Methods 361Dustin R. Beeaff, S. Ramousse, and Peter V. Hendriksen Fracture Toughness and Slow Crack Growth Behavior of Ni-YSZ and YSZ as a Function of Porosity and Temperature 373M. Radovic, E. Lara-Curzio, and G. Nelson Effect of Thermal Cycling and Thermal Aging on the Mechanical Properties of, and Residual Stresses in, Ni-YSZ/YSZ Bi-Layers 383E. Lara-Curzio, M. Radovic, R. M. Trejo, C. Cofer, T. R. Watkins, and K. L. More Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation Tools for Fracture Analysis in Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) 393Janine Johnson and Jianmin Qu Modeling Electrochemistry and On-Cell Reformation Modeling for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks 409K. P. Recknagle, D. T. Jarboe, K. I. Johnson, V. Korolev, M. A. Khaleel, and P. Singh Modeling of HeaVMass Transport and Electrochemistry of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell 419Yan Ji, J. N. Chung, and Kun Yuan Author Index 435

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Book SynopsisThis volume focuses on recent developments and advances of ceramics and ceramic matrix composites for use in fission and fusion reactors, nuclear fuels and alternative energy applications. With the continued increasing demands for energy, nuclear energy has experienced a renewed interest. Recent developments associated with advanced fuel cycles have resulted in new research efforts on nuclear fuel materials. The effects of radiation on the properties of ceramics and ceramic matrix composites are also addressed.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Irradiation Effects in Ceramics. (GenlV) Next Generation Nuclear Power and Requirements for Standards, Codes and Data Bases for Ceramic Matrix Composites (Michael G. Jenkins, Edgar Lara-Curzio, and William E. Windes). Determination of Promising Inert Matrix Fuel Compounds (C. R. Stanek, J. A. Valdez, K. E. Sickafus, K. J. McClellan, and R. W. Grimes). Densification Mechanism and Microstructural Evolution of Sic Matrix in NlTE Process (Kazuya Shimoda, Joon-Soon Park, Tatsuya Hinoki, and Akira Kohyama). Optimization of Sintering Parameters for Nitride Transmutation Fuels (John T. Dunwoody, Christopher R. Stanek, Kenneth J. McClellan, Stewart L. Voit, Thomas Hartmann, Kirk Wheeler, Manuel Parra, and Pedro D. Peralta). Ceramics in Non-Thermal Plasma Discharges for Hydrogen Generation (R. Vintila, G. Mendoza-Suarez, J. A. Kozinski, and R. A. L. Drew). Piezoelectric Ceramic Fiber Composites for Energy Harvesting to Power Electronic Components (Richard Cass, Farhad Mohammadi, and Stephen Leschin). Design Factor Using a SiC/SiC Composites for Core Component of Gas Cooled Fast Reactor. I: Hoop Stress (Jae-Kwang Lee and Masayuki Naganuma). Characterizations of Ti,SiC, as Candidate for the Structural Materials of High Temperature Reactors (Fabienne Audubert, Guillaume Abrivard, and Christophe Tallaron). Influence of Specimen Type and Loading Configuration on the Fracture Strength of Sic Layer in Coated Particle Fuel (T. S. Byun, S. G. Hong, L. L. Snead, and Y. Katoh). Investigation of Aluminides as Potential Matrix Materials for Inert Matrix Nuclear Fuels (Darrin D. Byler, Kenneth J. McClellan, James A. Valdez, Pedro D. Peralta, and Kirk Wheeler). Fluidised Bed Chemical Vapour Deposition of Pyrolytic Carbon (E. Lopez Honorato, P. Xiao, G. Marsh, and T. Abram). Ceramics for Advanced Nuclear and Alternative Energy Applications. Strength Testing of Monolithic and Duplex Silicon Carbide Cylinders in Support of Use as Nuclear Fuel Cladding (Denwood F. Ross, Jr. and William R. Hendrich). Subcritical Crack Growth in Hi-Nicalon Type-S Fiber CVI-SiC/SiC Composites (Charles H. Henager, Jr.). Electrical Conductivity of Proton Conductive Ceramics Under Reactor Irradiation (Tatsuo Shikama, Bun Tsuchiya, Shinji Nagata, and Kentaro Toh). The Effects of Irradiation-Induced Swelling of Constituents on Mechanical Properties of Advanced SiCISiC Composites (Kazumi Ozawa, Takashi Nozawa, and Tatsuya Hinoki, and Akira Kohyama). Behaviors of Radioluminescence of Optical Ceramics for Nuclear Applications (T. Shikama, S. Nagata, K. Toh, 6. Tsuchiya, and A. lnouye). Author Index.

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Book SynopsisThe use of ceramics in biological environments and biomedical applications is of increasing importance, as is the understanding of how biology works with minerals to develop strong materials.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. In Vitro Evaluation. Initial In Vitro Interaction of Human Osteoblasts with Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite (NHA) (Xingyuan Guo, Julie Gough, Ping Xiao, Jing Liu, and Zhijian Shen). Osteoblast Response to Zinc-Doped Sintered p-Tricalcium Phosphate (Sahil Jalota, Sarit 8. Bhaduri, and A. Cuneyt Tas). Determination of the Spatial Resolution of Micro-Focus X-Ray CT System with a Standard Specimen (Mineo Mizuno, Yasutoshi Mizuta, Takeharu). Kato, and Yasushi lkeda Processing of Biomaterials. Hydroxyapatite Hybridized with Metal Oxides for Biomedical Applications (Akiyoshi Osaka, Eiji Fujii, Koji Kawabata, Hideyuki Yoshirnatsu, Satoshi Hayakawa, Kanji Tsuru, Christian Bonhornrne, and Florence Babonneau). Preparation of Self-setting Cement-Based Micro- and Macroporous Granules of Carbonated Apatitic Calcium Phosphate (A. Cuneyt Tas). A Self-setting, Monetite (CaHPO,) Cement for Skeletal Repair (Tarang R. Desai, Sarit B. Bhaduri, and A. Cuneyt Tas). Chemically Bonded Ceramics Based on Ca-Aluminates as Biomaterials (L. Herrnansson and H. Engqvist). A Theoretical and Mathematical Basis Towards Dispersing Nanoparticles and Biological Agents in a Non Polar Solvent for Fabricating Porous Materials (Navin J. Manjooran and Gary R. Pickrell). Preparation of Hydroxyapatite and Calcium Phosphate Bioceramic Materials from the Aqueous Solution at Room Temperature (Jia-Hui Liao, Yu-Chen Chang, and Tzer-Shin Sheu). Hydroxyapatite Coatings Produced by Plasma Spraying of Organic Based Solution Precursor (E. Garcia, Z. B. Zhang, T. W. Coyle, L. Gan, and R. Pilliar). Visible-Light Photocatalytic Fibers for Inactivation of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (P. G. Wu, R. C. Xie, J. Irnlay, and J. K. Shang). Precipitation Mechanisms of Hydroxyapatite Powder in the Different Aqueous Solutions (Yu-Chen Chang and Tzer-Shin Sheu). Conversion of Bioactive Silicate (45S5), Borate, and Borosilicate Glasses to Hydroxyapatite in Dilute Phosphate Solution (Wenhai Huang, Moharned N. Raharnan, and Delbert E. Day). Dental Ceramics. Variable Frequency Microwave (VFM) Processing: A New Tool to Crystallize Lithium Disilicate Glass (Morsi Mahmoud, Diane Folz, Carlos Suchicital, David Clark, and Zak Fathi). Author Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a state-of-the-art collection of papers presented at the 6th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology presented in Maui, Hawaii in September of 2005. .

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Book SynopsisTechnology/Engineering/Mechanical Provides all the tools needed to begin solving optimization problems using MATLAB The Second Edition of Applied Optimization with MATLAB Programming enables readers to harness all the features of MATLAB to solve optimization problems using a variety of linear and nonlinear design optimization techniques. By breaking down complex mathematical concepts into simple ideas and offering plenty of easy-to-follow examples, this text is an ideal introduction to the field. Examples come from all engineering disciplines as well as science, economics, operations research, and mathematics, helping readers understand how to apply optimization techniques to solve actual problems. This Second Edition has been thoroughly revised, incorporating current optimization techniques as well as the improved MATLAB tools. Two important new features of the text are: Introduction to the scan and zoom method, providing a simple, effective teTable of ContentsPreface to the Second Edition. Preface. Chapter 1: Introduction. 1.1 Optimization Fundamentals. 1.2 Introduction to MATLAB. Problems. Chapter 2: Graphical Optimization. 2.1 Problem Definition. 2.2 Graphical Solution. 2.3 Additional Examples. 2.4 Additional MATLAB Graphics. References. Problems. Chapter 3: Linear Programming. 3.1 Problem Definition. 3.2 Graphical Solution. 3.3 Numerical Solution - The Simplex Method. 3.4 Additional Examples. 3.5.Additional Topics in Linear Programming. References. Problems. Chapter 4: Nonlinear Programming. 4.1 Problem Definition. 4.2 Mathematical Concepts. 4.3 Analytical Conditions. 4.4 Examples. 4.5 Additional Topics. References. Problems. Chapter 5: Numerical Techniques - The One Dimensional Problem. 5.1 Problem Definition. 5.2 Numerical Techniques. 5.3 Importance of the One Dimensional Problem. 5.4 Additional Examples. References. Problems. Chapter 6: Numerical Techniques for Unconstrained Optimization. 6.1 Problem Definition. 6.2 Numerical Techniques: Non Gradient Methods. 6.3 Numerical Technique: Gradient Based Methods. 6.4 Numerical Technique: Second Order. 6.5 Additional Examples. 6.6 Summary. References. Problems. Chapter 7: Numerical Techniques for Constrained Optimization. 7.1 Problem Definition. 7.2 Indirect Methods for Constrained Optimization. 7.3 Direct Methods for Constrained Optimization. 7.4 Additional Examples. References. Problems. Chapter 8: Discrete Optimization. 8.1 Concepts in Discrete Programming. 8.2 Discrete Optimization Techniques. 8.3 Additional Examples. References. Problems. Chapter 9: Global Optimization. 9.1 Problem Definition. 9.2 Numerical Techniques and Additional Examples. References. Problems. Chapter 10: Optimization Toolbox from MATLAB. 10.1 The Optimization Toolbox. 10.2 Examples. References. Chapter 11: Hybrid Mathematics: An Application of. 11.1 Central Idea. 11.2 Data Handling Examples. 11.3. Solutions to Differential Systems. 11.4 Summary. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis CD-ROM is a compilation of eight CESP volumes in 2006 consisting of 211 papers presented at the 6th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology. Leading scientists and industrial technologists presented advancements in traditional and advanced ceramics and glass research, manufacturing, and processing.

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Book SynopsisActuators are devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical work, traditionally used in electrical, pneumatic and hydraulic systems. As the demand for actuator technologies grows in biomedical, prosthetic and orthotic applications, there is an increasing need for complex and sophisticated products that perform efficiently also when scaled to micro and nano domains. Providing a comprehensive overview of actuators for novel applications, this excellent book: * Presents a mechatronic approach to the design, control and integration of a range of technologies covering piezoelectric actuators, shape memory actuators, electro-active polymers, magnetostrictive actuators and electro- and magnetorheological actuators. * Examines the characteristics and performance of emerging actuators upon scaling to micro and nano domains. * Assesses the relative merits of each actuator technology and outlines prospective application fields. Offering a detaiTable of ContentsForeword. Preface. List of Figures. List of Tables. 1 Actuators in motion control systems: mechatronics. 1.1 What is an actuator? 1.2 Transducing materials as a basis for actuator design. 1.3 The role of the actuator in a control system: sensing, processing and acting. 1.4 What is mechatronics? Principles and biomimesis. 1.5 Concomitant actuation and sensing: smart structures. 1.6 Figures of merit of actuator technologies. 1.7 A classification of actuator technologies. 1.8 Emerging versus traditional actuator technologies. 1.9 Scope of the book: emerging actuators. 1.10 Other actuator technologies. 2 Piezoelectric actuators. 2.1 Piezoelectricity and piezoelectric materials. 2.2 Constitutive equations of piezoelectric materials. 2.3 Resonant piezoelectric actuators. 2.4 Nonresonant piezoelectric actuators.7 2.5 Control aspects of piezoelectric motors. 2.6 Figures of merit of piezoelectric actuators. 2.7 Applications. 3 Shape Memory Actuators (SMAs). 3.1 Shape memory alloys. 3.2 Design of shape memory actuators. 3.3 Control of SMAs. 3.4 Figures of merit of shape memory actuators. 3.5 Applications. 4 Electroactive polymer actuators (EAPs). 4.1 Principles. 4.2 Design issues. 4.3 Control of EAPs. 4.4 Figures of merit of EAPs. 4.5 Applications. 5 Magnetostrictive actuators (MSs). 5.1 Principles of magnetostriction. 5.2 Magnetostrictive materials: giant magnetostriction. 5.3 Design of magnetostrictive actuators. 5.4 Control of magnetostrictive actuators: vibration absorption. 5.5 Figures of merit of MS actuators. 5.6 Applications. 6 Electro- and magnetorheological actuators (ERFs, MRFs). 6.1 Active rheology: transducing materials. 6.2 Mechatronic design concepts. 6.3 Control of ERF and MRF. 6.4 Figures of merit of ER and MR devices. 6.5 Applications. 7 Summary, conclusions and outlook. 7.1 Brief summary. 7.2 Comparative position of emerging actuators. 7.3 Research trends and application trends. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe field of charge conduction in disordered materials is a rapidly evolving area owing to current and potential applications of these materials in various electronic devices.Table of ContentsIntroduction. 1. “Charge Transport via Delocalized States in Disordered Materials” (Igor P. Zvyagin). 2. “Description of Charge Transport in Amorphous Semiconductors” (S. D. Baranovskii and O. Rubel). 3. “Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon – Material Properties and Device Applications” (W. Fuhs). 4. “Applications of Disordered Semiconductors in Modern Electronics: Selected Examples” (Safa Kasap, J.A. Rowlands, Kenkichi Tanioka, Arokia Nathan). 5. “The investigation of charge carrier recombination and hopping transport with pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance techniques” (Ch. Böhme and K. Lips). 6. “Description of Charge Transport in Disordered Organic Materials” (S. D. Baranovskii and O. Rubel). 7. “Device applications of organic materials” (Elizabeth von Hauff, Carsten Deibel and Vladimir Dyakonov). 8. “Generation, Recombination and Transport of Non-Equilibrium Carriers in Polymer-Semiconductor Nanocomposites” (H. E. Ruda and A. Shik). 9. “AC Hopping Transport in Disordered Materials” (Igor P. Zvyagin). 10. “Mechanisms of Ion Transport in Amorphous and Nanostructured Materials” (Bernhard Roling). 11. “Applications of Ion Transport in Disordered Solids. Electrochemical Micro-ionics” (Philippe Vinatier and Yohann Hamon). 12. "DNA Conduction: the Issue of Static Disorder, Dynamic Fluctuations and Environmental Effects" (Rafael Gutierrez, Danny Porath, Gianaurelio Cuniberti).

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisPatterning or lithography is at the core of modern science and technology and cuts across all disciplines. With the emergence of nanotechnology, conventional methods based on electron beam lithography and extreme ultraviolet photolithography have become prohibitively expensive.Table of ContentsPREFACE xv I NANOPATTERNING TECHNIQUES 1 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 MATERIALS 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Mold Materials and Mold Preparation 8 2.2.1 Soft Molds 8 2.2.2 Hard Molds 19 2.2.3 Rigiflex Molds 19 2.3 Surface Treatment and Modification 21 References 23 3 PATTERNING BASED ON NATURAL FORCE 27 3.1 Introduction 27 3.2 Capillary Force 28 3.2.1 Open-Ended Capillary 29 3.2.2 Closed Permeable Capillary 31 3.2.3 Completely Closed Capillary 40 3.2.4 Fast Patterning 43 3.2.5 Capillary Kinetics 45 3.3 London Force and Liquid Filament Stability 48 3.3.1 Patterning by Selective Dewetting 49 3.3.2 Liquid Filament Stability: Filling and Patterning 51 3.4 Mechanical Stress: Patterning of A Metal Surface 56 References 63 4 PATTERNING BASED ON WORK OF ADHESION 67 4.1 Introduction 67 4.2 Work of Adhesion 68 4.3 Kinetic Effects 71 4.4 Transfer Patterning 74 4.5 Subtractive Transfer Patterning 79 4.6 Transfer Printing 82 References 91 5 PATTERNING BASED ON LIGHT: OPTICAL SOFT LITHOGRAPHY 95 5.1 Introduction 95 5.2 System Elements 96 5.2.1 Overview 96 5.2.2 Elastomeric Photomasks 96 5.2.3 Photosensitive Materials 99 5.3 Two-Dimensional Optical Soft Lithography (OSL) 100 5.3.1 Two-Dimensional OSL with Phase Masks 100 5.3.2 Two-Dimensional OSL with Embossed Masks 104 5.3.3 Two-Dimensional OSL with Amplitude Masks 105 5.3.4 Two-Dimensional OSL with AmplitudePhase Masks 109 5.4 Three-Dimensional Optical Soft Lithography 110 5.4.1 Optics 111 5.4.2 Patterning Results 112 5.5 Applications 117 5.5.1 Low-Voltage Organic Electronics 117 5.5.2 Filters and Mixers for Microfluidics 118 5.5.3 High Energy Fusion Targets and Media for Chemical Release 118 5.5.4 Photonic Bandgap Materials 120 References 122 6 PATTERNING BASED ON EXTERNAL FORCE: NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY 129L. Jay Guo 6.1 Introduction 129 6.2 NIL MOLD 133 6.2.1 Mold Fabrication 133 6.2.2 Mold Surface Preparation 137 6.2.3 Flexible Fluoropolymer Mold 137 6.3 NIL Resist 138 6.3.1 Thermoplastic Resist 139 6.3.2 Copolymer Thermoplastic Resists 141 6.3.3 Thermal-Curable Resists 142 6.3.4 UV-Curable Resist 146 6.3.5 Other Imprintable Materials 148 6.4 The Nanoimprint Process 149 6.4.1 Cavity Fill Process 149 6.5 Variations of NIL Processes 152 6.5.1 Reverse Nanoimprint 152 6.5.2 Combined Nanoimprint and Photolithography 155 6.5.3 Roll-to-Roll Nanoimprint Lithography (R2RNIL) 156 6.6 Conclusion 159 References 160 7 PATTERNING BASED ON EDGE EFFECTS: EDGE LITHOGRAPHY 167Matthias Geissler, Joseph M. McLellan, Eric P. Lee and Younan Xia 7.1 Introduction 167 7.2 Topography-Directed Pattern Transfer 169 7.2.1 Photolithography with Phase-Shifting Masks 170 7.2.2 Use of Edge-Defined Defects in SAMs 172 7.2.3 Controlled Undercutting 175 7.2.4 Edge-Spreading Lithography 176 7.2.5 Edge Transfer Lithography 178 7.2.6 Step-Edge Decoration 180 7.3 Exposure of Nanoscale Edges 181 7.3.1 Fracturing of Thin Films 182 7.3.2 Sectioning of Encapsulated Thin Films 182 7.3.3 Thin Metallic Films along Sidewalls of Patterned Stamps 184 7.3.4 Topographic Reorientation 186 7.4 Conclusion and Outlook 187 References 188 8 PATTERNING WITH ELECTROLYTE: SOLID-STATE SUPERIONIC STAMPING 195Keng H. Hsu, Peter L. Schultz, Nicholas X. Fang, and Placid M. Ferreira 8.1 Introduction 195 8.2 Solid-State Superionic Stamping 197 8.3 Process Technology 199 8.4 Process Capabilities 203 8.5 Examples of Electrochemically Imprinted Nanostructures Using the S4 Process 208 Acknowledgments 211 References 211 9 PATTERNING WITH GELS: LATTICE-GAS MODELS 215Paul J. Wesson and Bartosz A. Grzybowski 9.1 Introduction 215 9.2 The RDF Method 218 9.3 Microlenses: Fabrication 218 9.4 Microlenses: Modeling Aspects 220 9.4.1 Modeling Using PDEs 220 9.4.2 Modeling Using Lattice-Gas Method 221 9.5 RDF at the Nanoscale 222 9.5.1 Nanoscopic Features from Counter-Propagating RD Fronts 222 9.5.2 Failure of Continuum Description 225 9.5.3 Lattice-Gas Models at the Nanoscale 227 9.6 Summary and Outlook 229 References 230 10 PATTERNING WITH BLOCK COPOLYMERS 233Jia-Yu Wang, Wei Chen, and Thomas P. Russell 10.1 Introduction 233 10.2 Orientation 235 10.2.1 Self-Assembling 235 10.2.2 Self-Directing 247 10.3 Long-Range 254 10.3.1 Solvent Annealing 254 10.3.2 Graphoepitaxy 256 10.3.3 Sequential, Orthogonal Fields 260 10.4 Nanoporous BCP Films 262 10.4.1 Ozonolysis 264 10.4.2 Thermal Degradation 264 10.4.3 UV Degradation 267 10.4.4 Selective Extraction 271 10.4.5 “Soft” Chemical Etch 272 10.4.6 Cleavable Junction 272 10.4.7 Solvent-Induced Film Reconstruction 274 References 276 11 PERSPECTIVE ON APPLICATIONS 291 II APPLICATIONS 293 12 SOFT LITHOGRAPHY FOR MICROFLUIDIC MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS)AND OPTICAL DEVICES 295Svetlana M. Mitrovski, Shraddha Avasthy, Evan M. Erickson, Matthew E. Stewart, John A. Rogers, and Ralph G. Nuzzo 12.1 Introduction 295 12.2 Microfluidic Devices for Concentration Gradients 297 12.3 Electrochemistry and Microfluidics 300 12.4 PDMS and Electrochemistry 302 12.5 Optics and Microfluidics 306 12.6 Unconventional Soft Lithographic Fabrication of Optical Sensors 314 Acknowledgments 317 References 318 13 UNCONVENTIONAL PATTERNING METHODS FOR BIONEMS 325Pilnam Kim, Yanan Du, Ali Khademhosseini, Robert Langer, and Kahp Y. Suh 13.1 Introduction 325 13.2 Fabrication of Nanofluidic System for Biological Applications 326 13.2.1 Unconventional Methods for Fabrication of Nanochannel 326 13.2.2 Application of Nanofluidic System 332 13.3 Fabrication of Biomolecular Nanoarrays for Biological Applications 338 13.3.1 DNA Nanoarray 338 13.3.2 Protein Arrays 340 13.3.3 Lipid Array 345 13.4 Fabrication of Nanoscale Topographies for Tissue Engineering Applications 347 13.4.1 Nanotopography-Induced Changes in Cell Adhesion 347 13.4.2 Nanotopography-Induced Changes in Cell Morphology 348 References 349 14 MICRO TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM 359Yuki Tanaka and Takehiko Kitamori 14.1 Introduction 359 14.1.1 Historical Backgrounds 359 14.2 Fundamentals on Microchip Chemistry 361 14.2.1 Characteristics of Liquid Microspace 361 14.2.2 Liquid Handling 362 14.2.3 Concepts of Micro Unit Operation and Continuous-Flow Chemical Processing 362 14.3 Key Technologies 365 14.3.1 Fabrication of Microchips 365 14.3.2 Patterning for Fluid Control 366 14.3.3 Detection 366 14.4 Applications 368 14.4.1 Synthesis 368 14.4.2 Cell Adhesion Control 369 14.4.3 Liquid Handling: Valve Using Wettability 370 References 372 15 COMBINATIONS OF TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP NANOFABRICATION TECHNIQUES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO CREATE FUNCTIONAL DEVICES 379Pascale Maury, David N. Reinhoudt, and Jurriaan Huskens 15.1 Introduction 379 15.2 Top-Down and Bottom-Up Techniques 380 15.2.1 Top-Down Techniques 380 15.2.2 Bottom-Up Techniques 383 15.2.3 Mixed Techniques 384 15.3 Combining Top-Down and Bottom-Up Techniques for High Resolution Patterning 385 15.3.1 Top-Down Nanofabrication and Polymerization 386 15.3.2 Top-Down Nanofabrication and Micelles 387 15.3.3 Top-Down Nanofabrication and Block Copolymer Assembly 387 15.3.4 Top-Down Nanofabrication and NP Assembly 389 15.3.5 Top-Down Nanofabrication and Layer-by-Layer Assembly 392 15.4 Applicaion of Combined Top-Down and Bottom-Up Nanofabrication for Creating Functional Devices 397 15.4.1 Photonic Crystal Devices 397 15.4.2 Protein Assays 400 References 406 16 ORGANIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES 419 16.1 Introduction 419 16.2 Organic Light-Emitting Diodes 420 16.3 Organic Thin Film Transistors 429 References 439 17 INORGANIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES 445 17.1 Introduction 445 17.2 Inorganic Semiconductor Materials for Flexible Electronics 446 17.2.1 “Bottom-Up” Approaches 447 17.2.2 “Top-Down” Approaches 449 17.3 Soft Lithography Techniques for Generating Inorganic Electronic Systems 452 17.3.1 Micromolding in Capillaries 453 17.3.2 Imprint Lithography 454 17.3.3 Dry Transfer Printing 454 17.4 Fabrication of Electronic Devices 459 17.4.1 Transistors on Rigid Substrates via MIMIC Processing 459 17.4.2 Flexible Inorganic Transistors 459 17.4.3 Flexible Integrated Circuits 463 17.4.4 Heterogeneous Electronics 466 17.4.5 Stretchable Electronics 469 References 475 18 MECHANICS OF STRETCHABLE SILICON FILMS ON ELASTOMERIC SUBSTRATES 483Hanqing Jiang, Jizhou Song, Yonggang Huang, and John A. Rogers 18.1 Introduction 483 18.2 Buckling Analysis of Stiff Thin Ribbons on Compliant Substrates 484 18.3 Finite-Deformation Buckling Analysis of Stiff Thin Ribbons on Compliant Substrates 488 18.4 Edge Effects 495 18.5 Effect of Ribbon Width and Spacing 498 18.6 Buckling Analysis of Stiff Thin Membranes on Compliant Substrates 502 18.6.1 One-Dimensional Buckling Mode 504 18.6.2 Checkerboard Buckling Mode 506 18.6.3 Herrington Buckling Mode 506 18.7 Precisely Controlled Buckling of Stiff Thin Ribbons on Compliant Substrates 507 18.8 Concluding Remarks 512 Acknowledgments 512 References 512 19 MULTISCALE FABRICATION OF PLASMONIC STRUCTURES 515Joel Henzie, Min H. Lee, and Teri W. Odom 19.1 Introduction 515 19.1.1 Brief Primer on Surface Plasmons 517 19.1.2 Conventional Methods to Plasmonic Structures 518 19.2 Soft Lithography and Metal Nanostructures 518 19.3 A Platform for Multiscale Patterning 520 19.3.1 Soft Interference Lithography: Patterns on a Nanoscale Pitch 520 19.3.2 Phase-Shifting Photolithography: Patterns on a Microscale Pitch 520 19.3.3 PEEL: Transferring Photoresist Patterns to Plasmonic Materials 521 19.4 Subwavelength Arrays of Nanoholes: Plasmonic Materials 522 19.4.1 Infinite Arrays of Nanoholes 523 19.4.2 Finite Arrays (Patches) of Nanoholes 525 19.5 Microscale Arrays of Nanoscale Holes 526 19.6 Plasmonic Particle Arrays 528 19.6.1 Metal and Dielectric Nanoparticles 528 19.6.2 Anisotropic Nanoparticles 531 19.6.3 Pyramidal Nanostructures 531 Acknowledgments 533 References 533 20 A RIGIFLEX MOLD AND ITS APPLICATIONS 539Se-Jin Choi, Tae-Wan Kim, and Seung-Jun Baek 20.1 Introduction 539 20.2 Modulus-Tunable Rigiflex Mold 540 20.3 Applications of Rigiflex Mold 544 20.3.1 From Nanoimprint to Microcontact Printing 544 20.3.2 Rapid Flash Patterning for Residue-Free Patterning 547 20.3.3 Continuous Rigiflex Imprinting 549 20.3.4 Soft Molding Application 553 20.3.5 Capillary Force Lithography Applications 556 20.3.6 Transfer Fabrication Technique 558 References 561 21 NANOIMPRINT TECHNOLOGY FOR FUTURE LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY 565Jong M. Kim, Hwan Y. Choi, Moon-G. Lee, Seungho Nam, Jin H. Kim, Seongmo Whang, Soo M. Lee, Byoung H. Cheong, Hyuk Kim, Ji M. Lee, and In T. Han 21.1 Introduction 565 21.2 Holographic LGP 569 21.2.1 Design and Properties of Holographic LGP 570 21.2.2 NI Technology for the Holographic LGP 572 21.3 Polarized LGP 573 21.3.1 Design and Properties of Polarized LGP 574 21.3.2 Fabrication of the Polarized LGP 575 21.3.3 Optical Performance of the Polarized LGP 576 21.4 Reflective Polarizer: Wire Grid Polarizer 579 21.4.1 Design and Properies of WGP 580 21.4.2 Fabrication and Applications 581 21.5 Transflective Display 585 21.5.1 Design and Optical Properties of Reflecting Pattern 587 21.5.2 Fabrication of the Reflecting Pattern 588 References 592 INDEX 595

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Book SynopsisThe foundations of ceramic processing science are found in Chemistry, Physics, and Chemical Engineering. Mathematics has taken on a more important role as a result of the quest to compute and model the responses of colloidal systems, forming processes, sintering, and microstructure evolution.

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Book SynopsisA Step-by-step guide to the synthesis and characterization of metal-polymer nanocomposites Polymer nanocomposites, polymers that are reinforced with nano-sized particles, provide enhanced mechanical, thermal, electrical, and barrier properties. Continued research and development of new polymer nanocomposites promises to provide enhanced materials to a broad range of industries, such as plastics, aerospace, automotive, electronics, packaging, and biomedical devices. Structured as a practical laboratory manual, this book enables readers to expertly synthesize and characterize metal-polymer nanocomposites by clearly setting forth the principles and techniques. Nanocomposites: In Situ Synthesis of Polymer-Embedded Nanostructures features contributions from an international team of materials science and nanotechnology experts. Chapters reflect the authors'' critical review of the literature as well as their own laboratory experience working with polymer nanocoTable of ContentsPreface vii Contributors xiii 1 Metal-polymer nanocomposites by supercritical fluid processing 1 T. Hasell 2 In Situ Synthesis of Polymer-Embedded Nanostructures 45 W. R. Caseri 3 Preparation and characterization of metal–polymer nanocomposites 73 L. Nicolais and G. Carotenuto 4 Macromolecular metal carboxylates as precursors of metallopolymer nanocomposites 97 G. I. Dzhardimalieva and A. D. Pomogailo 5 In-Situ Microwave-Assisted Fabrication of Polymeric Nanocomposites 115 H. SadAbadi, S. Badilescu, M. Packirisamy, and R. Wüthrich 6 Chemistry Inside a Polymer Thin Film: In Situ Soft Chemical Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles and Applications 129 E. Hariprasad and T. P. Radhakrishnan 7 Photoinduced generation of noble metal nanoparticles into polymer matrices and methods for the characterization of the derived nanocomposite films 145 A. Pucci and G. Ruggeri 8 Intermatrix synthesis and characterization of polymer-stabilized functional metal and metal oxide nanoparticles 165 A. Alonso, G.-L. Davies, A. Satti, J. Macanás, Y.K. Gun’ko, M. Muñoz, and D.N. Muraviev 9 Preparation and characterization of antimicrobial silver/polystyrene nanocomposites 195 G. Carotenuto, M. Palomba, L. Cristino, M.A. Di Grazia, S. De Nicola, and F. Nicolais 10 N anomaterial characterization by X-ray scattering techniques 209 C. Giannini, D. Siliqi, and D. Altamura Index 223

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Book SynopsisThis new dynamics book by the highly respected author team of Karnopp and Margolis bridges the gap between dynamics theory as currently presented in colleges and its practical applications in industry. Engineering Applications of Dynamics presents the basic theory by showing how it is used in real-world situations. .Table of ContentsPreface. Chapter 1: Newton's Laws for Particles and Rigid bodies. 1.1 Newton's 2nd Law. 1.2 Coordinate Frames, Velocity and Acceleration Diagrams. 1.3 Free Body diagrams and Force Diagrams. 1.4 Transferring Velocity and Acceleration Components. 1.5 Transferring Motion Components of Rigid Bodies and Generating Kinematic Constraints. 1.6 Review of Center of Mass, Linear Momentum, and Angular Momentum for Rigid Bodies. 1.7 Newton's law Applied to Rigid Bodies . 1.8 References. Chapter 2: Equations of Motion in Second and First Order Form. 2.1 Deriving Equations of Motion for Systems of Particles. 2.2 Deriving Equations of Motion When Rigid Bodies are Part of the System. 2.3 Forms of Equations and their Computational Solution. 2.4 Reducing Sets of Second Order Differential Equations to First Order Form. 2.5 Matrix Forms for Linearized Equations. 2.6 Summary. 2.7 References. Chapter 3: Computer Solution of Equations of Motion. 3.1 Time Step Simulation of Nonlinear Equations of Motion. 3.2 Linear System Response. 3.3 References. Chapter 4: Energy and Lagrange Equation Methods. 4.1 Kinetic and Potential Energy. 4.2 Using Conservation of Energy to Derive Equations of Motion. 4.3 Equations of Motion from Lagrange's Equations. 4.4 Interpretation of Lagrange's Equations. 4.5 Nonlinear Kinematics and Lagrange's Equations. 4.6 First Order Forms for Lagrange's Equations. Chapter 5: Newton's Laws in a Body-Fixed Frame: Application to Vehicle Dynamics. 5.1 The Dynamics of a Shopping Cart. 5.2 Analysis of a Simple Car Model. 5.3 Vehicle Stability. 5.4 Stability, Critical Speed, Understeer and Oversteer. 5.5 Steering Transfer Functions. 5.6 Steady Cornering. 5.7 Summary. 5.8 References. Chapter 6: Mechanical systems under Active Control. 6.1 Basic Concepts. 6.2 State Variables and Active Control. 6.3 Steering Control of Banking Vehicles. 6.4 Active Control of Vehicle Dynamics. 6.5 Summary. 6.6 References. Chapter 7: Rigid Body Motion in Three Dimensions. 7.1 The General Equations of Motion. 7.2 Use of a Body-Fixed Coordinate Frame. 7.3 Use of an Inertial Coordinate Frame. 7.4 Summary. 7.5 References. Chapter 8: Vibration of Multiple Degree-Of-Freedom Systems. 8.1 Natural Frequency and Resonance of a One D-O-F Oscillator. 8.2 Two Degree-of-Freedom Systems. 8.3 Tuned Vibration Absorbers. 8.4 Summary. 8.5 References. Chapter 9: Distributed System Vibrations. 9.1 Stress Waves in a Rod. 9.2 Attaching the Distributed System to External Dynamic Components. 9.3 Tightly Stretched Cable. 9.4 Bernoulli-Euler Beam. 9.5 Summary. 9.6 References. Appendix 1: Three-Dimensional Rigid Body in a Rotating Coordinate System. Appendix 2: Moments of Inertia for Some Common Body Shapes. Appendix 3: The Parallel Axis Theorem. Index.

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Book SynopsisDiscover innovative tools that pave the way from circuit and physical design to fabrication processing Nano-CMOS Design for Manufacturability examines the challenges that design engineers face in the nano-scaled era, such as exacerbated effects and the proven design for manufacturability (DFM) methodology in the midst of increasing variability and design process interactions. In addition to discussing the difficulties brought on by the continued dimensional scaling in conformance with Moore''s law, the authors also tackle complex issues in the design process to overcome the difficulties, including the use of a functional first silicon to support a predictable product ramp. Moreover, they introduce several emerging concepts, including stress proximity effects, contour-based extraction, and design process interactions. This book is the sequel to Nano-CMOS Circuit and Physical Design, taking design to technology nodes beyond 65nm geometries. It is divided into three parts: Table of Contents1. Introduction. 1.1 DFM - Value proposition. 1.2 Deficiencies in Boolean-based Design Rules in the sub-wavelength regime [6]. 1.3 Impact of Variability on Yield and Performance. 1.4 The industry challenge - disappearing process window. 1.5 Mobility enhancement techniques - a new source of variability induced by design process interaction. 1.6 Design dependency of chip surface topology. 1.7 Newly exacerbated narrow width effect in nano-CMOS nodes. 1.8 Well proximity effect. 1.9 Scaling beyond 65nm drives the need for model based DFM solutions. 1.10 Summary. PART 1: NEWLY EXACERBATED EFFECTS. 2. Lithography related Aspects of DFM. 2.1 Economic motivations for DFM. 2.2 Lithographic tools and techniques for advanced technology nodes. 2.3 Lithography limited yield. 2.4 Lithography driven DFM Solutions. 3. Interaction of layout with transistor performance and stress engineering techniques. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Impact of stress on transistor performance. 3.3 Stress propagation. 3.4 Stress sources. 3.5 Introducing stress into transistors. PART 2: DESIGN SOLUTIONS. 4. Signal and Power Integrity. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Interconnect Resistance, Capacitance and Inductance. 4.3 Inductance Effects on Interconnect. 5. Analog and Mixed Signal Circuit Design for Yield and Manufacturability. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Guidelines. 5.3 Device Selection. 5.4 Device Size Heart Beat. 5.5 Device Matching. 5.6 Design Guidelines. 5.7 Layout Guidelines. 5.8 Test. 6. Design for Variability, Performance and Yield. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Impact of variations (introduced by both process and circuit operation) on the design. 6.3 Some Parametric Fluctuations with new implications for design . 6.4 Process Variations in Interconnects. 6.5 Impact of Deep Sub-Micron Integration in SRAMs. 6.6 Impact of Layout Styles on Manufacturability, Yield and Scalability. 6.7 Design for variations. 6.8 Summary. PART 3: THE ROAD TO DFM. 7. Nano-CMOS design tools: Beyond model-based analysis and correction. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Electrical Design for Manufacturability (DFM). 7.3 Criticality Aware DFM. 7.4 On Guardbands, Statistics, and Gaps. 7.5 Opportunistic Mindsets. 7.6 Futures at ó 45nm . 7.7 Summary. 7.8 References.

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Book SynopsisReviews the science and engineering of high-temperature corrosion and provides guidelines for selecting the best materials for an array of system processes High-temperature corrosion (HTC) is a widespread problem in an array of industries, including power generation, aerospace, automotive, and mineral and chemical processing, to name a few. This book provides engineers, physicists, and chemists with a balanced presentation of all relevant basic science and engineering aspects of high-temperature corrosion. It covers most HTC types, including oxidation, sulfidation, nitridation, molten salts, fuel-ash corrosion, H2S/H2 corrosion, molten fluoride/HF corrosion, and carburization. It also provides corrosion data essential for making the appropriate choices of candidate materials for high-temperature service in process conditions. A form of corrosion that does not require the presence of liquids, high-temperature corrosion occurs due to the inteTable of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgments xvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Definition of High Temperature Corrosion 1 1.2 Historical Development 1 1.3 High Temperature Corrosion Phenomena 3 1.4 High Temperature Materials 3 1.5 Corrosive Environments 27 1.6 Films and Scales 31 1.7 Academic Impact of High Temperature Corrosion 33 1.8 Industrial Impact of High Temperature Corrosion 38 1.9 Questions 46 References 46 Further Reading 47 2 Metallurgical Structure and Metals 48 2.1 Imperfections in an Essentially Perfect Structure 48 2.2 Solidification 56 2.3 Alloys 62 2.4 Iron and Steel 72 2.5 Deformation and Recrystallization 79 2.6 Fracture and Fatigue 91 2.7 Questions and Problems 97 References 98 Further Reading 99 3 High Temperature Equilibria 100 3.1 Introduction 100 3.2 Thermochemical Analysis 100 3.3 Electrochemical Analysis 119 References 128 Further Reading 129 4 Lattice Defects in Metal Compounds 130 4.1 Introduction 130 4.2 Defect Reactions 133 4.3 Defect Equilibria 135 4.4 Equilibrium Constants 141 4.5 Questions 144 References 144 Further Reading 145 5 Diffusion in Solid-State Systems 146 5.1 Introduction 146 5.2 General Theory of Diffusion 146 5.3 Diffusion Coefficients 150 5.4 Matano–Boltzmann Analysis 153 5.5 Kirkendall Effect 154 5.6 Darken Analysis 155 5.7 Factors Influencing Diffusion 156 5.8 Impurity Diffusion in Metals 158 5.9 Grain Boundary Diffusion in Metals 158 5.10 Diffusion in Solid Oxides 160 5.11 Morphology of Reaction Products 163 5.12 Measurement of Diffusion Parameters 164 5.13 Questions and Problems 168 References 168 Further Reading 169 6 High Temperature Electrochemistry 171 6.1 Introduction 171 6.2 Electrochemical Nature of Molten Salt Corrosion 171 6.3 The Single Potential of an Electrode 172 6.4 Equilibrium Diagrams 173 6.5 The Tafel Relationship 173 6.6 Corrosion Potential–pO2−Relationship 175 6.7 Electrochemical Polarization and Monitoring 177 6.8 Electrochemical Nature of Metal Oxidation 179 6.9 Usefulness of Electrochemical Cells 181 6.10 Current–Potential Measurements on Solid Electrodes 182 6.11 Simple Concepts of Oxide Semiconductors 183 6.12 Conduction Processes in Ionic Oxides 186 6.13 Common Solid-State Electrochemical Situations 190 References 194 Further Reading 195 7 Oxidation 196 7.1 Introduction 196 7.2 Thermodynamic Considerations 197 7.3 Kinetic Considerations 199 7.4 Defect Structures 201 7.5 Compact Scale Growth 208 7.6 Multilayered Scale Growth 212 7.7 Oxidation Resistance 214 7.8 Oxidation of Engineering Materials 224 7.9 Conclusions 228 7.10 Questions 229 References 229 Further Reading 231 8 Sulfidation 233 8.1 Introduction 233 8.2 The Process of Sulfidation 233 8.3 Sulfidation Kinetics 235 8.4 Sulfidation of Selected Materials 236 8.5 Defect Structures of Metal Sulfides 240 8.6 Questions 243 References 243 Further Reading 244 9 Carburization and Metal Dusting 245 9.1 Introduction 245 9.2 Carburization 245 9.3 Alloy Resistance to Carburization 251 9.4 Metal Dusting Problem 255 9.5 Metal Dusting Mechanisms 256 9.6 Alloy Resistance to Metal Dusting 260 References 262 Further Reading 263 10 Nitridation 264 10.1 Introduction 264 10.2 Nitridation Mechanisms 264 10.3 Nitridation in Industrial Media 265 10.4 Questions and Problems 273 References 274 Further Reading 275 11 Halogenation 276 11.1 Introduction 276 11.2 Metal–Halogen Reactions 277 11.3 Alloy–Halogen Reactions 279 11.4 Laboratory Studies 280 11.5 Conclusions 282 11.6 Questions 282 References 282 Further Reading 283 12 Corrosion by Hydrogen and Water Vapor 284 12.1 Introduction 284 12.2 Corrosion by Hydrogen 284 12.3 Corrosion by Water Vapor 290 12.4 Conclusions 293 References 294 Further Reading 295 13 Corrosion in Molten Salts 296 13.1 Introduction 296 13.2 Corrosion Process 296 13.3 Thermodynamic Diagrams 298 13.4 Corrosion Rate Measurements 299 13.5 Test Methods 299 13.6 Fluorides 303 13.7 Chlorides 304 13.8 Nitrates/nitrites 305 13.9 Hydroxides 309 13.10 Carbonates 309 13.11 Vanadates 312 13.12 Sulfates 314 13.13 Prevention of Molten Salt Corrosion 321 13.14 Summary 321 References 322 Further Reading 324 14 Corrosion in Molten Metals 325 14.1 Introduction 325 14.2 Corrosive Processes 326 14.3 Industrial Liquid Metals 332 14.4 Conclusions 338 References 339 Further Reading 339 15 Hot Corrosion 340 15.1 Introduction 340 15.2 Engine Description and Materials 340 15.3 Early Studies 341 15.4 Mechanisms of Hot Corrosion 349 15.5 Hot Corrosion of Gas Turbine Alloys 351 15.6 Methods of Evaluating Hot Corrosion 354 15.7 Prevention of Corrosion 356 15.8 Conclusions 358 15.9 Questions 358 References 359 Further Reading 360 16 Fireside Corrosion 361 16.1 Introduction 361 16.2 Coal-Fired Boilers 362 16.3 Coal-ash Corrosion 371 16.4 Oil-Fired Boilers 373 16.5 Corrosion in Waste Incinerators 379 16.6 Plant Experience with Fireside Corrosion 380 16.7 Conclusions 388 References 389 Further Reading 389 17 Testing and Evaluation 391 17.1 Introduction 391 17.2 Testing Equipment and Monitoring 392 17.3 Optical Microscopy 394 17.4 Thermogravimetry 395 17.5 Spectroscopy 398 17.6 Diffraction Techniques 402 17.7 Electron Microscopy 409 17.8 Electron Spectroscopy and Ion Scattering 416 17.9 Surface Microscopy 424 17.10 Optical Spectroscopy 428 17.11 Nondestructive Inspection Techniques 439 17.12 Traditional Electrochemical Methods 445 17.13 Nontraditional Electrochemical Methods 453 17.14 Combined Electrochemical Methods 459 References 472 Further Reading 475 18 Protective Coatings 477 18.1 Introduction 477 18.2 Coating Systems 477 18.3 Coating Processes 480 18.4 Coating Degradation 496 18.5 Summary and Future Trends 499 18.6 Questions 500 References 500 Further Reading 501 19 Examples of Engineering Importance 502 19.1 Introduction 502 19.2 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells 504 19.3 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 516 19.4 Direct Carbon Fuel Cells 524 19.5 Nuclear Power Plants 531 References 546 Further Reading 549 20 Case Studies 551 20.1 Making Stainless Steels 551 20.2 Corrosion Protection of Turbine Blades 551 20.3 Oxidation of Silicides for VLSI Applications 556 20.4 Naphthenic Acid Corrosion in Petrochemical Plants 560 20.5 Oxidation of Ceramic Matrix Composites 562 20.6 Shell Corrosion of Rotary Cement Kilns 563 20.7 Corrosion of Steels in a Linear 𝛼Olefin Plant 564 References 565 Further Reading 565 Appendix A 566 List of Acronyms 591 Glossary of Selected Terms Used in High Temperature Corrosion 596 Author Index 615 Subject Index 629

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface. Contributors. Introduction and Overview. Policy Development for Homeland Security. Threats and Challenges to Homeland Security. Terrorist Organizations and Modeling Trends. Risk Communication: An Overlooked Tool in Combating Terrorism. Cross-Cutting Themes and Technologies. Risk Modeling and Vulnerability Assessment. Terrorism Risk: Characteristics and Features. Risk Analysis Frameworks for Counterterrorism. Risk Analysis and Management for Critical Asset Protection. Logic Trees: Fault, Success, Attack, Event, Probability, and Decision Trees. Bayesian Networks. Using Risk Analysis to Inform Intelligence Analysis. Vulnerability Assessment. Risk Communication. Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA). Scenario Analysis, Cognitive Maps, and Concept Maps. Time-Domain Probabilistic Risk Assessment Method for Interdependent Infrastructure Failure and Recovery Modeling. Risk Transfer and Insurance: Insurability Concepts and Programs for Covering Extreme Events. Quantitative Representation of Risk. Qualitative Representation of Risk. Terrorism Risk. Terrorist Threat Analysis. Risk Analysis Methods for Cyber Security. Defeating Surprise Through Threat Anticipation and Possibility Management. Memetics for Threat Reduction in Risk Management. High Consequence Threats: Electromagnetic Pulse. High Consequence Threats: Nuclear. Modeling Population Dynamics for Homeland Security Applications. Sensing and Detection. Protecting Security Sensors and Systems. Threat Signatures of Explosive Materials. Radioactive Materials Sensors. Knowledge Extraction from Surveillance Sensors. RADAR and LiDAR perimeter protection sensors. Design Consideration in Development and Application of Chemical and Biological Agent Detectors. Sensing Dispersal of Chemical and Biological Agents in Urban Environments. Sensing Releases of Highly Toxic and Extremely Toxic Compounds. 2D-to-3D Face Recognition Systems. Eye and Iris Sensors. A Tandem Mobility Spectrometer for Chemical Agent and Toxic Industrial Chemical Monitoring. Dynamic Load Balancing for Robust Distributed Computing in the Presence of Topological Impairments. Passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Chemical Sensors for Homeland Security Applications. Protection, Prevention, Response and Recovery. Protection and Prevention: An Overview. Protection and Prevention: Threats and Challenges from a Homeland Defense Perspective. Consequence Mitigation. Security Assessment Methodologies for U.S. Ports and Waterways. Defending Against Malevolent Insiders Using Access Control. Less-Lethal Payloads for Robotic and Automated Response Systems. Defending Against Directed Energy Weapons: RF Weapons and Lasers. The Sensor Web: Advanced Technology for Situational Awareness. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Overview. Austrialia. Austria. Brazil. Canada. Estonia.

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsContributors. Water Supply and Wastewater Management Regulations, Standards, and Guidance. Roles of Federal, State, and Local Authorities in Water Infrastructure Security. Potential Contamination Agents of Interest. Understanding the Implications of Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies for Water. Surveillance Methods and Technologies for Water and Wastewater Systems. Designing an Optimum Water Monitoring System. Emergency Response Planning for Drinking Water Systems. Treatability if Contaminants in Conventional Systems. Decontamination Methods for Drinking Water Treatment and Distribution Systems. Decontamination Methods for Wastewater and Stormwater Collection and Treatment Systems. Prevention of Contamination of Drinking Water in Buildings and Large Venues. Communications and Information Infrastructure. Critical Infrastructure Protection: Telecommunication. Strategies for Protecting the Telecommunications Sector. Wireless Security. Energy Systems. Comparative Risk Assessment for Energy Systems: A Tool for Comprehensive Assessment of Energy Security. Lessons Learned for Regional and Global Energy Security. Large-Scale Electricity Transmission Grids: Lessons Learned from the European Electricity Blackouts. Interdependent Energy Infrastructure Simulation System. Self-healing and Resilient Energy Systems. Nano-Enabled Power Sources. Public Health. Threat from Emerging Infectious Diseases. Foreign Dengue Virus Presents a Low Risk to U.S. Homeland. Data Sources for Biosurveillance. Biosurveillance Tradecarft. The North Carolina Biosurveillance System. ESSENCE: A Practical Systems for Biosurveillance. Biodefense Priorities in Life-science Research: Chemical Threat Agents. Developing of Radiation Countermeasures. Challenges to Medical Countermeasures against Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Agents. Medical Countermeasures against Emerging Threat Agents. Biodefense Workforce. Health Risk Assessment for Radiological, Chemical, and Biological Attacks. Transportation Security. Roles and Implications of Transportation Systems in Homeland Security. Transportation System as a Security Challenge. Population Evacuations. Emergency Transportation Operations and Control. Ultra-scale Computing for Emergency Evacuation. Harden Security of High-Risk and Critical Supply Chains, Transportation Security Performance Measures. Intelligence Systems. Files Forensics and Conversion. Craniofacial Aging. New Approaches to Iris Recognition: One-Dimensional Algorithms. Spectrally Adaptive Nanoscale Quantum Dot Sensors. Finding Inadvertent Release of Information. Contents. Contributors. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a the only one-stop reference to illustrating design, analysis, and manufacturing concepts for different power devices utilizing HTS. Engineers at OEM, utilities, industry, and universities will be able to understand the basic theory and perform design and analysis for different devices.Table of ContentsPREFACE. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Abbreviations. CHAPTER 1 Introduction. CHAPTER 2 HTS Superconductors. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 HTS Background and Nomenclature. 2.2.1 Background. 2.2.2 Nomenclature. 2.3 BSCCO-2212 Conductors. 2.4 BSCCO-2223 OPIT Wires. 2.4.1 Manufacturing Process. 2.4.2 Characteristics - Electrical and Mechanical. 2.5 YBCO-123 Coated Conductors. 2.6 Magnesium Diboride (MgB2). 2.7 State-of-the-art of Various HTS Conductors. 2.8 Superconducting Magnet Design. 2.9 Summary. References. CHAPTER 3 Cooling and Thermal Insulation Systems. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Anatomy of a Cryostat. 3.3 Cryogenic Fluids for Cooling HTS Magnets. 3.4 Direct Cooling with Cryogens. 3.5 Indirect or Conduction Cooling. 3.6 Refrigeration Systems. 3.6.1 Gifford-McMahon (G-M) Cryocoolers. 3.6.2 Stirling Coolers. 3.6.3 Pulse Tube Coolers. 3.7 Open Loop Cooling with Liquid Nitrogen. 3.8 Magnet Materials. 3.9 Current Leads. 3.9.1 Design of Conduction Cooled Leads. 3.10 Example Cryostat Design. 3.10.1 Configuration. 3.10.2 Thermal Load Calculations. 3.10.2.1 Radiation Thermal Load Through MLI. 3.10.3 Current Leads. 3.10.4 Conduction. 3.10.5 Selection of Refrigerator. 3.11 Summary. References. CHAPTER 4 Rotating AC Machines. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Topology. 4.3 Analysis and Parameter Calculations. 4.3.1 Magnetic Circuit and Harmonic Components. 4.3.2 Parameter Calculations. 4.3.3 Machine Terminal Parameters. 4.4 Design. 4.4.1 Stator Winding Design Issues. 4.4.2 Field Winding Design Issues. 4.4.3 Electromagnetic (EM) Shield Design Issues. 4.4.4 Loss and Efficiency Calculations. 4.4.5 Example Design. 4.5 Manufacturing Issues. 4.5.1 Superconducting Field Winding and Its Cooling Systems. 4.5.2 Torque Transfer from Col Field Winding to Warm Shaft. 4.5.3 Stator Winding. 4.6 Simulation. 4.7 Generators. 4.7.1 High Speed Generators. 4.7.2 Low Speed Generators. 4.8 Motors. 4.8.1 High Speed Motors. 4.8.2 Low Speed Motors. 4.9 Summary. References. CHAPTER 5 Rotating DC Homoploar Machines. 5.1 Introduction. 5.5 Principle. 5.3 Configuration. 5.4 Design Challenges. 5.5 Prototypes. 5.6 Summary. References. CHAPTER 6 Synchronous AC Homoploar Machines. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Principle. 6.3 Design. 6.4 Design Challenges. 6.5 Prototypes. 6.6 Summary. References. CHAPTER 7 Transformers. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Configuration. 7.3 Design Analysis. 7.3.1 50MVA Example Design. 7.4 Challenges. 7.5 Manufacturing Issues. 7.6 Prototypes. 7.7 Summary. References. CHAPTER 8 Fault Current Limiters. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Principle and Configuration. 8.2.1 Resistive Fault Current Limiters (R-FCL). 8.2.2 Inductive FCL with Shielded Iron Core. 8.2.3 Inductive FCL with Saturated Iron Core. 8.3 Design Analysis. 8.3.1 Example Design - Resistive FCL. 8.3.2 Example Design - Saturated Core FCL. 8.4 Challenges. 8.4.1 Challenges of Resistive FCL. 8.4.2 Challenges of Inductive FCL. 8.5 Manufacturing Issues. 8.6 Prototypes. 8.6.1 AMSC’s Fault Current Limiter. 8.6.2 Superpower’s Fault Current Limiter. 8.6.3 Zenergy Power’s Fault Current Limiter. 8.6.4 Nexans’s Fault Current Limiter. 8.7 Summary. References. CHAPTER 9 Power Cables. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Configurations. 9.2.1 Resistive Cryogenic Cable. 9.2.2 HTS Cables. 9.3 Design Analysis. 9.3.1 Cryogenic Cable Analysis. 9.3.2 HTS Cable Analysis. 9.3.2.1 HTS Coaxial Cable - High Voltage. 9.3.2.2 HTS Coaxial Cable - Medium Voltage. 9.3.2.3 TriaxTM HTS Cable - Medium Voltage. 9.4 Challenges. 9.4.1 Resistive Cryogenic Cable. 9.4.2 HTS Cable. 9.5 Manufacturing Issues. 9.5.1 Resistive Cryogenic Cable. 9.5.2 HTS Cable. 9.6 Prototypes. 9.6.1 Resistive Cryogenic Cable. 9.6.2 HTS Cable - High Voltage. 9.6.3 HTS Cable - Medium Voltage. 9.6.4 TriaxTM HTS Cable - Medium Voltage. 9.7 Summary. References. CHAPTER 10 Maglev Transport. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Configuration. 10.2.1 Electro-dynamic Suspension (EDS). 10.2.2 Electro-magnetic Suspension (EMS) . 10.3 Design Analysis. 10.3.1 Electro-dynamic Suspension Maglev. 10.3.2 Electro-magnetic Suspension Maglev. 10.4 Challenges (Technical/Economic). 10.4.1 EDS System Challenges. 10.4.2 EMS System Challenges. 10.5 Manufacturing Issues. 10.6 Prototypes. 10.6.1 Northrop Grumman Concept. 10.7 Summary. References. CHAPTER 11 Other Applications of HTS. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Air-Core Magnets. 11.2.1 High Field Magnets. 11.2.2 Low Field Magnets. 11.3 Iron-Core Magnets. 11.3.1 Beam Bending. 11.3.2 Induction Heating. 11.3.3 Synchrotron. 11.4 Challenges. 11.5 Summary. About the Author. INDEX.

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Book SynopsisThe practical, accessible independent-study guide and text on surface science fundamentals and microelectronics processes Electronic and microelectronic materials are vital to technologies such as semiconductors, integrated circuits, magnetic alloys, insulators, and optical/display materials.Table of ContentsPreface. Part I: Fundamentals of Surfaces and Interfaces. 1. Introduction to Surfaces. 2. Structure of Surfaces. 3. Thermodynamics of Surfaces and Interfaces. 4. Surface Roughness. 5. Surface electronic States. 6. Other Surface Probes. 7. Charged Surfaces. 8.Adsorption. 9. Elliposometry and Optical Properties of Surfaces, Interfaces, and Films. Part II: Microelectronics Applications. 10. Films and Interfaces. 11. Electronic Passivation of Semiconductor-Dielectric Film Interfaces. 12. The Si-SiO2 Interface and Other MOSFET Interfaces. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book reviews the cutting-edge significant research in the field of smart light-responsive materials based on azobenzene polymers and liquid crystals. Emphasis is placed on the discovery of new phenomena from the past 5 years, their underlying mechanisms, new functionalities, and properties achieved through rational design. Edited by leading authorities in the field, Zhao and Ikeda, the chapters are authored by an internationally-recognized team of experts from North America, Europe, and Asia. Smart Light-Responsive Materials will serve to catalyze new research that will lead this field over the next 5-10 years.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Azobenzene Polymers for Photonic Applications (Kevin G. Yager and Christopher J. Barrett). 2. Photo-Induced Phenomena in Supramolecular Azobenzene Materials (Joachim Stumpe, Olga Kulikovska, Leonid M. Goldenberg and Yuriy Zakrevskyy). 3. Photodeformable Materials and Photo-Mechanical Effects Based on Azobenzene-Containing Polymers and Liquid Crystals (Yanlei Yu and Tomiki Ikeda). 4. Amorphous Azobenzene Polymers for Light-Induced Surface Patterning (Kevin G. Yager and Christopher J. Barrett). 5. Azo Polymer Colloidal Spheres: Formation, Two-dimensional Array and Photoresponsive Properties (Xiaogong Wang). 6. Azobenzene-Containing Block Copolymer Micelles: toward Light-Controllable Nanocarriers (Yue Zhao). 7. Associates between Azobenzene-modified Polymers and Surfactants or Nanoparticles to Amplify Macroscopic Photo-transitions in Solution (Christophe Tribet). 8. Light-Responsive 2D Motions and Manipulations in Azobenzene-Containing Liquid Crystalline Polymer Materials (Takahiro Seki). 9. Photo-induced Immobilization of Molecules on the surface of Azobezene Polymers: Principles and Application (Osamu Watanabe). 10. Photo-tuning of Helical Structure of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (Seiji Kurihara). 11. Tunable Diffraction Gratings Based on Azobenzene Polymers and Liquid Crystals (Yue Zhao). 12. Azo Block Copolymers in Solid State (Haifeng Yu and Tomiki Ikeda). 13. Photoresponsive Hybrid Silica Materials Containing Azobenzene Ligands (Nanguo Liu and C. Jeffrey Brinker).

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Book SynopsisUnderstand and apply new concepts regarding Work Breakdown Structures The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) has emerged as a foundational concept and tool in Project Management. It is an enabler that ensures clear definition and communication of project scope while performing a critical role as a monitoring and controlling tool. Created by the three experts who led the development of PMI''s Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures, Second Edition, this much-needed text expands on what the standard covers and describes how to go about successfully implementing the WBS within the project life cycle, from initiation and planning through project closeout. Filling the gap in the literature on the WBS, Work Breakdown Structures: The Foundation for Project Management Excellence gives the reader an understanding of: The background and key concepts of the WBS WBS core characteristics, decomposition, representations, and tools ProTrade Review"This book is written for everyone responsible for project management or product development work. The topic of the book is a critically useful and important technique for describing and understanding any new product or project development. I applaud the efforts of the authors in showing not just the relevance of a WBS (Work Breakdown Structures) and WBS dictionary to planning a project but also to its execution. A significant contribution of this book is the prominent highlighting the scope of the project management function itself as one of the deliverables in the WBS." (Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2010; 778-783)Table of ContentsContents Preface vii Foreword xv Part I Introduction To WBS Concepts 1 1 Background and Key Concepts 3 Chapter Overview 3 Work Breakdown Structures 4 Defining Work Breakdown Structures 5 Importance of the WBS 7 WBS Lesson Learned: A Brief Illustration 8 WBS Concepts 12 Describing the WBS 12 The House Metaphor–A Consistent Example 14 Chapter Summary 15 2 Applying WBS Attributes and Concepts 19 Chapter Overview 19 WBS Attributes 19 WBS Core Characteristics 20 WBS Use-Related Characteristics 25 WBS Decomposition 28 WBS in Projects, Programs, Portfolios, and the Enterprise 30 WBS Representations 32 WBS Tools 36 Chapter Summary 38 Part II WBS Application In Projects 41 3 Project Initiation and the WBS 43 Chapter Overview 43 Project Charter 44 Preliminary Project Scope Statement 46 Contracts, Agreements, Statements of Work (SOW) 49 Chapter Summary 50 4 Defining Scope through the WBS 53 Chapter Overview 53 Product Scope Description 53 Project Scope Statement (Scope Definition) 54 Work Breakdown Structure 55 Beginning with the Elaborated WBS 60 Use-Related Characteristics 62 WBS Dictionary 65 Deliverable-Based Management 67 Activity-Based Management 67 Scope Baseline 68 Acceptance Criteria 68 Chapter Summary 70 5 The WBS in Procurement and Financial Planning 75 Chapter Overview 75 Build versus Buy Decisions 75 Cost Estimating 77 Cost Budgeting 79 Cost Breakdown Structure 80 Chapter Summary 81 6 Quality, Risk, Resource and Communication Planning with the WBS 85 Chapter Overview 85 Approaching Quality, Resource and Risk Planning 87 Using Existing Templates and Processes 89 Creating Processes to Support the Project 92 Utilizing the WBS as a Basis for Process Development 92 Employing the WBS and WBS Dictionary 94 The Whole is not Greater than the Sum of its Parts— it Developing the Communications Plan 101 The Communications Matrix 102 The Hierarchy of Information 103 The Meeting Matrix 107 Chapter Summary 109 7 The WBS as a Starting Point for Schedule Development 111 Chapter Overview 111 Demystifying the Transition from the WBS to the Project Schedule 113 Putting These Concepts to Work 117 The WBS in Hierarchical Outline Form 118 Identifying Dependencies between Scope Elements 119 Representing Scope Sequence and Dependency 119 Creating a High-Level Scope Sequence Representation 120 The Concept of Inclusion 121 The Scope Relationship Diagram 125 Creating a Scope Dependency Plan 129 Chapter Summary 132 8 The WBS in Action 137 Chapter Overview 137 Acquiring the Project Team 138 Directing and Managing Project Execution and Integrated Change Management 140 Performing Scope Management 141 Scope Management and the Triple Constraint 142 Reviewing the Relationship with Other Project Management Processes 143 Performing Quality Assurance 144 Performing Scope Verification 144 Chapter Summary 145 9 Ensuring Success through the WBS 147 Chapter Overview 147 Project Performance Management 148 Scope 149 Schedule 149 Cost 150 Planned versus Actual 151 Stakeholder Management 152 Chapter Summary 153 10 Verifying Project Closeout with the WBS 155 Chapter Overview 155 Project Closeout 155 Acceptance / Turnover / Support / Maintenance 156 Contract Closure 156 Project Closeout 157 Chapter Summary 157 Part III WBS For Project Management Decomposition 159 11 A Project Management WBS 161 Chapter Overview 161 Organization Options for a Project Management WBS 162 Project Management WBS Components Aligned with the PMBOK Guide—Third Edition 165 Project Management WBS Lite 168 Chapter Summary 170 A Final Word 170 Appendix A Project Charter Example 173 Appendix B Project Scope Statement Example 179 Appendix C Project Management WBS Examples 187 Appendix D Answers to Chapter Questions 253 Index 275

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Book SynopsisThe ever expanding market need for information on how to apply project management principles and the PMBOK contents to day-to-day business situations has been met by our case studies book by Harold Kerzner. That book was a spin-off from and ancillary to his best selling text but has gained a life of its own beyond adopters of that textbook. All indications are that the market is hungry for more cases while our own need to expand the content we control, both in-print and online woudl benefit from such an expansion of project management case content. The authors propose to produce a book of cases that compliment Kerzner''s book. A book that offers cases beyond the general project management areas and into PMI''s growth areas of program management and organizational project management. The book will be structured to follow the PMBOK in coverage so that it can not only be used to supplement project management courses, but also for self sudy and training courses for the PMP Exam. (PMI, PTable of ContentsPart I: Case Studies in Project Management. Chapter 1 Introduction. AaronSide Goes to Teams (Dragan Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). Cocable Inc. (Jovana Riddle). A RobustArm Industries’ SledgeHammer (Dragan Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). Another Trojan Horse (Stevan Jovanovic). Call a Truck (Dragan Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). The Project Hand-off Method (Dragan Milosevic, Russ J. Matinelli, and James M. Waddell). Chapter 2 Cultural Aspects of Project Management. Engineering Culture at Beck (Dragan Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). The Jamming (Dragan Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). Chapter 3 Project Management Processes. Special Session (Supachart Iamratanakul and Sabin Srivannaboon). Waterfall Software Development (Osman Osman). Extreme Programming (Mani Ambalan). Do You ZBB (Rabah Kamis)? Chapter 4 Project Integration Management. Abacus Project (Peerasit Patanakul and Jospeph Genduso). Ticketing System (Mathias Sunardi). WRQ Software Development (Peerasit Patanakul and Michael Adams). Chapter 5 Project Scope Management. Workshop: Project Definition (Dragan Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). Work Breakdown Structure as a Skeleton for Integration (Wilson Clark and Dragan Milosevic). Project Anatomy (Joakim Lillieskold and Lars Taxen). Rapid Prototyping (Stevan Jovanovic). Chapter 6 Project Time Management. How Long Does It Take to Catch a Fish – TAD (Ferra Weyhuni)? Workshop: The Jogging Line in Action (Dragan Z. Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). Sequencing (Art Cabanban). The Rolling Wave (Dan Itkes). Schedule Accuracy (Dragan Z. Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). AtlasCom (Dragan Z. Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). Workshop: The Milestone Chart (Dragan Z. Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). Chapter 7 Project Cost Management. The Court House Disaster (Dragan Z. Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). Bad Metrics for Earned Value (Don Hallum). The Museum Company (Jovana Riddle). Workshop: Parametric Estimate (Dragan Z. Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). No Bottom-Up Estimate, No Job (Dragan Z. Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon)! Earned Tree Analysis (Dragan Z. Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). Chapter 8 Project Quality Management. Robots Fail Too (Ferra Weyhuni). The Black Belt that is Peaceful (Marie Anne Lamb). Workshop: Project Quality Program (Dragan Z. Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). Chapter 9 Project Human Resource Management. The Bully, Subversive, Prima Donna, etc. (Diane Yates). Startups Born with Conflict (Priya Venugopal). We Do Not Speak the Same Language (Diane Yates). My Job was to Integrate Two Cultures (Dragan Milosevic, Russ J. Matinelli, and James M. Waddell). Rate and Rank (Rhaba Khamis). Chapter 10 Project Communication Management. The Russians Join Us Late at Night (Dragan Milosevic, Russ J. Matinelli, and James M. Waddell). Quest for Clear (Mathias Sunardi). Electronic Medical Record (Mathius Sunardi and Abdi Mousa). Improving Public Health Informatics (Abdi Mousa). A Simple Metric Goes a Long Way (Art Cabanban). Executive Project Metrics (Dragan Z. Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). Chapter 11 Project Risk Management. Risk Policies in Project Russia (Dragan Z. Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). Risk under the Microscope (Ferra Weyahuni). Monte Carlo in Italy (Meghana Rao). Probability and Impact (Jovana Riddle). Chapter 12 Project Procurement Management. The $30,000 Frigidaire (Dragan Z. Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). Mountain of Iron, Mountain of Dollars (Wail Busaid). Part II: Case Studies in Program Management. Chapter 13 Themes of Program Management. KPI (Sabin Srivannaboon, Dragan Z. Milosevic, and Peerasit Patanakul). The Bounding Box Boxes You (Sabin Srivannaboon, Dragan Z. Milosevic, and Peerasit Patanakul). Chapter 14 Program Initiating Process. Business that Operated without Knowing Where Its profits Came from (Dragan Z. Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). Mega Security® (Sabin Srivannaboon, Dragan Z. Milosevic, and Peerasit Patanakul). Chapter 15 Program Planning Process. Quick Release (Dragan Z. Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). The Budica Program (Diane M. Yates and Dragan Z. Milosevic). Best Practices Overview (Sabin Srivannaboon, Dragan Z. Milosevic, and Peerasit Patanakul). Expected the Unexpected (Sabin Srivannaboon, Dragan Z. Milosevic, and Peerasit Patanakul). Chapter 16 Program Executing Process. Program Strike Zone (Sabin Srivannaboon, Dragan Z. Milosevic, and Peerasit Patanakul). Program Map (Sabin Srivannaboon, Dragan Z. Milosevic, and Peerasit Patanakul). Using Tools on a Mercedes (Sabin Srivannaboon and Dragan Z. Milosevic). Chapter 17 Program Monitoring and Controlling Process. I Have Only Three Minutes a Month (Dragan Z. Milosevic, Russ J. Martinelli, and James M. Waddell)! OSSOP (Sabin Srivannaboon, Dragan Z. Milosevic, and Peerasit Patanakul)! That Which Is Not Earned Is Never Valued (Sabin Srivannaboon, Dragan Z. Milosevic, and Peerasit Patanakul). Chapter 18 Program Closing Process and Programs in Action. A Checklist (Sabin Srivannaboon, Dragan Z. Milosevic, and Peerasit Patanakul). General Public Hospital (Peerasit Patanakul and Dragan Z. Milosevi). American Shogun (Bjoern Bierl and Andrea Hayes-Martinelli). Planet Orbits (Peerasit Patanakul and Dragan Z. Milosevic). ConSoul Software (Andrea Hayes-Martinelli and Dragan Z. Milosevic). Part III: Case Studies in Organizational Project Management. Chapter 19 Alignment and Portfolio Management. LorryMer Information Technology (Sabin Srivannaboon and Dragan Z. Milosevic). Who Owns the Portfolio (Dragan Z. Milosevic and Peerasit Patanakul). Our Portfolio Stinks (Dragan Z. Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). Chapter 20 Standardized Methodologies. Standardized Program Risk Management (Peerasit Patanakul, Sabin Srivannaboon, and Dragan Z. Milosevic). Go with the Template Always (Murugappan Chettiar). We Do Not Need Standard Methodology (Peerasit Patanakul, Sabin Srivannaboon, and Dragan Z. Milosevic). Joy Knows How to Defend (Dragan Z. Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon). Chapter 21 Competencies of Project Managers and Project Management Office (PMO). They Are Business Leader at Spotlight Corporation (Peerasit Patanakul and Dragan Z. Milosevic). The Program Management Office (Sabin Srivannaboon and Dragan Z. Milosevic). We Go One Step at a Time (James Schneidmuller and Peerasit Patanakul). Chapter 22 Information Systems, Organization, and Metrics. Is It Information Systems That We Need (Peerasit Patanakul and Sung Han)? Spreadsheet is Everything (Peerasit Patanakul, Sabin Srivannaboon, and Dragan Z. Milosevic). R&D and Operations: How to Make Them Talk (Priya Venugopal)? Bluedogs USA (Nicolas Charpenel). Point of Contact (Peerasit Patanakul, Sabin Srivannaboon, and Dragan Z. Milosevic). Chapter 23 Organizational Culture and Project Culture. What Help Us Come This Far (Peerasit Patanakul, Sabin Srivannaboon, and Dragan Z. Milosevic). Is It Standard Methodology That We Need (Peerasit Patanakul, Sabin Srivannaboon, and Dragan Z. Milosevic)? Chapter 24 Organizational Project Management in Action. Let’s Go All The Way (James Staffan and Peerasit Patanakul). Are We Ready for Project Portfolio Management (Brian McCabe and Peerasit Patanakul). INDEX.

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Book SynopsisThis volume includes papers from the Second International Conference on Characterization and Control of Interfaces for High Quality Advanced Materials, and Joining Technology for New Metallic Glasses and Inorganic Materials (ICCCI2006) in Kurashiki, Japan, 2006. Interfaces are critically important to a broad spectrum of materials and technologies. This Proceedings of ICCCI 2006 features 71 peer-reviewed papers on interface characterization and control technology for materials synthesis, powder processing, composite processing, joining, and to control airborne particulates.Table of ContentsPreface xiii JOINING TECHNOLOGY FOR NEW METALLIC GLASSES AND INORGANIC MATERIALS The Structure of the Welded Zone and Phase Transformation Behavior of Ni-Based Bulk-Glass Forming Alloy 3 D.V. Louzguine-Luzgin, G. Xie, T. Tsumura, K. Nakata, Y. Murakami, H.M. Kimura, and A. Inoue Brazing of Advanced Ceramic Composites: Issues and Challenges 9 Mrityunjay Singh and Rajiv Asthana Development of a Variable Temperature UHV-Laser Microscope Combined With a Pulsed Laser Deposition for In Situ Studies of Ceramics/Metallic Glass Interfaces 15 Yuji Matsumoto, Takuma Obata, Miki Hiraoka, and Masao Katayama Stress Analysis of Geometrically Complex and Ultra Large Scale Model by Fractal Multi-Grid Method 21 H. Murakawa, H. Serizawa, M. Tejima, K. Taguchi, and S. Itoh Influence of Grain-Grain Interfaces on Heat Transfer in Dense and Porous Oxide Ceramics 27 D.S. Smith, C. Poulier, B. Na'ft-Ali, A. Michot, and J. Absi Fabrication of Colloidal Photonic Crystals from Submicron-Sized Spheres 33 Daisuke Nagao, Mitsuaki Hirose, Ryoji Kameyama, Hideki Matsumoto, Yoshio Kobayashi, and Mikio Konno Spark Plasma Sintering of Al203 Particulate Dispersed Zr55Cu30AI10NÍ5 Metallic Glassy Matrix Composite 39 Guoqiang Xie, Dmitri V. Louzguine-Luzgin, Akira Okubo, Hisamichi Kimura, and Akihisa Inoue Porous Bulk Metallic Glass Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering of Gas Atomized Zr55Cu30AI10Ni5 Glassy Powders 45 Guoqiang Xie, Wei Zhang, Qingsheng Zhang, Dmitri V. Louzguine-Luzgin, Akira Okubo, Hisamichi Kimura, and Akihisa Inoue Mechanical Properties of Friction-Stir Welded Titanium Joint 51 Hidetoshi Fujii, Hideaki Kato, Kazuhiro Nakata, and Kiyoshi Nogi Silica-Coating of Barium Titanate Particles 57 Hideki Matsumoto, Daisuke Nagao, Yoshio Kobayashi, and Mikio Konno Dissolution of Hydrogen into Tungsten Phosphate Glasses through Palladium Coating 63 Hiromasa Tawarayama, Hiroshi Kawazoe, Shouichi Sugata, Futoshi Utsuno,Hiroyuki Inoue, and Hideo Hosono Properties of Metallic Glass Coatings on an Aluminum Alloy Substrate Produced Using a HVOF Spraying Process 69 Hyun-Guen Kim, Kazuhiro Nakata, Takuya Tsumura, Masaharu Sugiyama, Takanori Igarashi, Masahiro Fukumoto, Hisamichi Kimura, and Akihisa Inoue Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of Energy Level Alignment at C12A7:e~ / Alq3 Interfaces 79 Ki-Beom Kim, Maiko Kikuchi, Masashi Miyakawa, Hiroshi Yanagi, Toshio Kamiya, Masahiro Hirano, and Hideo Hosono Development of Nanoceramics: Application to Diffusion Bonding 85 Michiyuki Yoshida, Yutaka Shinoda, Takashi Akatsu, and Fumihiro Wakai Influence of Friction Stir Welding Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy 91 Saad Ahmed Khodir, Toshiya Shibayanagi, and Masaaki Naka Effects of Processing Temperature on Bonding Behavior of Hydroxyapatite Ceramics and Titanium by Hydrothermal Hot-Pressing Method 97 Takamasa Onoki, Tomoaki Watanabe, Eiichi Yasuda, Masahiro Yoshimura,Toshiyuki Hashida, and Yasuhiro Tanabe Orientation Distribution in Friction Stir Processed A6061 Aluminum Alloy 103 Toshiya Shibayanagi and Takamasa Matsumoto Weldability and Mechanical Property of Ni53Nb2oTi10Zr8Co6Cu3 Metallic Glass Foil by Laser Welding 109 Takuya Tsumura, Katsunori Kobayashi, Kazuhiro Nakata, Natsuki Yoneyama,Taichi Murakami, Hisamichi Kimura, and Akihisa Inoue Glass Transition Phenomena and Heat Capacity of Zr0.55"'o.1oNlo.05(-'Uo.3o 117 Yosuke Moriya, Takahiro Yoshida, Hitoshi Kawaji, Tooru Atake, Mikio Fukuhara, Hisamichi Kimura, and Akihisa Inoue Development of Fiber Laser Aided Spot Heating System and its Application to Control of Microstructure in Pure Aluminum 123 Toshiya Shibayanagi, Masahiro Tsukamoto, Nobuyuki Abe, Nobuyuki Matsuda, Yukihiro Soga, and Takamasa Matsumoto Preparation of an MTES Hybrid Bioactive Coating on Metal Surfaces Using the Sol-Gel Method 129 Yasuto Hoshikawa, Eiichi Yasuda, Takamasa Onoki, Masaru Akao, and Yasuhiro Tanabe Synthesis of Si02-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles and Immobilization of Proteins on Them 135 Yoshio Kobayashi, Mayumi Yoshida, Daisuke Nagao, Yasuo Ando,Terunobu Miyazaki, and Mikio Konno NANOPARTICLES AND POWDERS Fabrication of Textured Alumina-Mullite-Silicon Carbide Nano-Composites 145 Yoshio Sakka, Sho Saito, Atsushi Honda, and Tohru S. Suzuki Colloidal Consolidation of Mixed Powders of the Alumina/Indium Tin Oxide System 153 Naoki Matsunaga, Shinji Ueno, Yosuke Tanaka, and Yoshihiro Hirata Improvement of Silica Particle Dispersability in Xylene Using Surface Modification 159 Chika Takai, Masayoshi Fuji, and Minoru Takahashi Self-Dispersible Silica Nanoparticles Modified with Aminoalkylsilane 165 Toshio Kakui, Mitsuru Ishii, Sayaka Sato, Masao Ishiguro, and Koji Hisanaga Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramics (LTCC)—Design and Characterization of Interfaces 173 Torsten Rabe, Markus Eberstein, and Wolfgang A. Schiller Controlling Interfacial Chemistry During the Processing of Micron Scale Surgical Instruments 179 Nicholas Antolino, Gregory Hayes, James H. Adair, Christopher Mühlstein, Mary Frecker, and Eric Mockensturm Development of Nanoencapsulated Curcumin in Chitosan for Cosmetic Use via Evaporation of O/W/O Emulsion 185 W. Tanthapanichakoon, N. Sowasod, and T. Charinpanitkul Structural and Morphological Study of Nanoceramics Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis 193 L.S. Gómez, M.E. Rabanal, J.M. Torralba, L. Mancic, and O. Milosevic Influence of Water Content of Starting Powder Mixture on the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Strontium Doped Lanthanum Manganite 199 Jintawat Chaichanawong, Kazuyoshi Sato, Hiroya Abe, Makio Naito, Tawatchai Charinpanitkul, and Wiwut Tanthapanichakoon Carbon Nanotubes as Photocatalytic Carriers 205 Georgios Pyrgiotakis and Wolfgang Sigmund Anisotropie Sintering Shrinkage and Grain Growth for Spherical Alumina Powder Compacts Aligned in High Magnetic Field 211 Anze Shut, Lingke Zeng, Yanchun Liu, Atsushi Makiya, and Keizo Uematsu Effect of Mo Powder Surface Condition on Fabrication of Mo-Si02 Functionally Graded Materials with Slipcasting Method 219 Ayumu Umemoto, Koichi Hayashi, Kyoko Hayano, Noritaka Saito, Kenji Kaneko, and Kunihiko Nakashima A Mechanically Synthesized La08Sr02Mn03 Fine Powder for the Cathode Material of an Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC) 225 Kazuyoshi Sato, Akira Kondo, Hiroya Abe, Makio Naito, and Jintawat Chaichanawong Hydrothemal Synthesis of Nanostructured Bi2Te3 Powder 231 H. Kaga, Y. Kinemuchi, and K. Watari Influence of Nanoporous Structure on Silane Coupling Surface Modification Behavior and Adhesion Properties of Spherical Silica Particles 237 Toshiyuki Kani, Maki Tamonoki, Takahiro Suzuki, Mayumi Tsukada, and Hidehiro Kamiya Effect of Magnetic Field on Orientation of Diamagnetic Ceramic Particles Dispersed in Slurry 243 Satoshi Tanaka, Atsushi Makiya, Keizo Uematsu, and Yutaka Doshida Micro-Patterning of Tin Oxide by Micro-Molding in Capillaries 251 Junko Imasu, Hiroshi Fudouzi, and Yoshio Sakka Gelcasting Formulation of Alumina Slurry Offering Some Advantages in Ceramic Shaping 257 Ruben L. Menchavez, Masayoshi Fuji, Hiroaki Takegami, Tomohiro Yamakawa, and Minoru Takahashi Effect of Surfactants on the Formation of Hollow CaC03 Particle by Bubble Template Method 263 Yong Sheng Han, Li Wei Lin, Masayoshi Fuji, Takeshi Endo, Hideo Watanabe, and Minoru Takahashi A Facile Method to Synthesize ZnO Tubes by Involving Ammonia Bubbles 269 Liwei Lin, Yongsheng Han, Masayoshi Fuji, Takeshi Endo, Hideo Watanabe, and Minoru Takahashi Rapid Drying Technique for Slip Cast Body 275 Takashi Shirai, Masaki Yasuoka, Yoshiaki Kinemuchi, Yuji Hotta, and Koji Watari INTERFACE CHARACTERIZATION AND CONTROL Improvement of Molten-Metal Wettability on Ceramics by Micro-Macro Level Morphology Control 283 Hideki Kita, Hideki Hyuga, Katsumi Yoshida, and Naoki Kondo Ceramic Surface Roughness Modification Using a Polymethylsilsesquioxane and Silicon Oxycarbide Film Coating 289 Manabu Fukushima, Seiji Nakano, and Hideki Kita An AFM Study of the Interaction Between an a-Alumina Particle and a Flat Sapphire Surface in High Ionic Strength Electrolyte Solutions 295 Huseyin Yilmaz, Kimiyasu Sato, and Koji Watari ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Cohesive Dust Cake Formation on a Ceramic Tube Filter as the Main Cause of a Pressure Drop Increase in a High Temperature Gas Cleaning Process 303 Nobuhiro Misawa, Hiroshi Sasatsu, Shinichi Sakuno, and Hidehiro Kamiya Simulation of the Filtration Process for a Flat Fabric Filter 309 Yuping Yao, Ning Mao, Masashi Wada, Hidehiro Kamiya, and Chikao Kanaoka Evaluation of the Long Term Stability of LSM/ScSZ Composite Powder Materials for SOFC Cathodes 317 Akifusa Hagiwara, Natsuro Hobara, Hiroyuki Shimada, Koichi Takizawa, Kazuyoshi Sato, Hiroya Abe, and Makio Naito A Novel Concept and Approach to Fabricate Protective KB/PVdF Composite Films on Metallic Bipolar Plates for PEM Fuel Cells 325 Jingtian Yin, Takehisa Fukui, Kenji Murata, T. Hirabayashi, S. Yamamuro, M. Matsuda, and M. Miyake Study of an Alum-Ceramic Heat Storage Material 333 Xuetan Ren, Anze Shui, Lingke Zeng, Yanchun Liu, and Junsheng Wu Development of Filtration Technology for PM2.5 in Diesel Exhaust 339 Masahiro Yoshikawa, Tomihiko Uemura, Daiki Kan, Takehisa Fukui, Tawatchai Charinpanitkul, Makio Naito, and Wiwut Tanthapanichakoon SMART PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY Nanoscale Particle Processing Through Aerosol Routes 347 Olivera B. Milosevic, Lidija T. Mancic, Maria Eugenia Rabanal, Luz Gomez, and Jose Manuel Torralba A Treatment of Carbonaceous Waste Containing Metals by Steam Plasma 353 Hiroshi Nisikawa, Sumihiro Higuchi, Manabu Tanaka, and Tadashi Takemoto Effect of Ultrasonication on Dispersion and Aggregate Size of Ti02 Nanoparticles in Concentrated Aqueous Suspension Kimitoshi Sato, Ji-Guang Li, Takamasa Ishigaki, and Hidehiro Kamiya Investigation of Bonding Mechanism Between Plasma Sprayed Al203 Top Coating and Ti-AI Undercoating on Steel Substrate 369 Shinichiro Adachi and Kazuhiro Nakata Mechanochemical Synthesis of Barium Titanate From Nanocrystalline BaC03 and Ti02 375 Akira Kondo, Kazuyoshi Sato, Hiroya Abe, Makio Naito, and Hirofumi Shimoda The Effect of Direct Diode Laser Beam Size in Heat Conduction Lap Welding of a Thin Film on a Thick Substrate 381 Nobuyuki Abe, Naoyuki Nakamura, Yoshinori Fuñada, and Masahiro Tsukamoto Mictostructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings 389 M. F. Morks and Akira Kobayashi Measurements of Cathode Surface Temperature of Plasma Torch 395 Shinichi Tashiro, Hiroshi Nishikawa, and Manabu Tanaka Topology Analysis of the Cu3Sn Phase in Electronic Interconnections 401 Feng Gao, Hiroshi Nishikawa, and Tadashi Takemoto Freeform Fabrication of Photonic Crystals with 3-Dimensional Diamond Structure by Micro-Stereolithography 407 Weiwu Chen, Soshu Kirihara, and Yoshinari Miyamoto Properties of Inductivety-Coupled RF Plasmas Sustained with Internal Antenna for Deposition of Carbon-Related Films 413 Kosuke Takenaka, Yuichi Setsuhara, Kazuaki Nishisaka, and Akinori Ebe MATERIALS DESIGN Characteristics of ITO Films Deposited by dc Magnetron Sputtering Using Various Sintered Indium-Tin-Oxide Targets 421 Joon Hong Park, Sang Chul Lee, Jin Ho Lee, and Pung Keun Song Sintering and Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Densified Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/TiN Composites 427 Lian Gao and Linqin Jiang Characterization of the Surface Morphology of Organic and Inorganic Hybrid Thin Films—A First Step to Fabricate an Artificial Cell Membrane 433 Wakako Manabe, Hiroshi Takano, and Masayuki Itoh Ion Permeability and Membrane Potential of Organic and Inorganic Hybrid Thin Films-Characterization of Artificial Cell Membrane 439 Ryuji Okamura, Masayuki Itoh, and Hiroshi Takano Corrosion Resistance of TiAIN/CrN, TiAIN, and CrN Coatings Prepared By RF Magnetron Sputtering 445 Dong Hwan Song, Woo Yang Jang, and Jong Kook Lee Plasma Thermal Deposition of Aluminum on Mg-Li Work-Hardened Alloy 453 Masato Tsujikawa, Shin-ichiro Adachi, Kazuhiro Nakata, Masaichiro Kamita, and Sachio Oki Behavior of Superficial Oxide at Diffusion-Bonded Interface of TiN and its Influence on Bond Strength 461 Shinji Koyama, Makoto Takahashi, and Kenji Ikeuchi The Effects of Functional Groups of Surface Modifier on Internal Friction and Young's Modulus of Ceramic Composites 467 T. Shimazu, N. Isu, M. Miura, and E.H. Ishida Author Index 473

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a state-of-the-art collection of papers presented at the 67th Conference on Glass Problems at The Ohio State University, October 31-November 1, 2006. Provides a state-of-the-art collection of recent papers on glass problems as presented at the 67th Conference on Glass Problems. Sections on furnaces, refractories, raw materials, and environmental issues are included.Table of ContentsForeword ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii MARKET TRENDS Container Glass Update 3Rick Bayer SAFETY Safety in Construction 15Laura Gray Elimination of Heat Stress in the Glass Manufacturing Environment 27Pat Pride The Gravity of Gravity--Safety's Number One Enemy 31Terry Berg The Legacy of Glass Research Activities by the U.S. Department of Energy's Industrial Technologies Program 35Elliott P. Levine and Keith Jamison MODELING Application of Rigorous Model-Based Predictive Process Control in the Glass Industry 49O.S. Verheijen, O.M.G.C. Op den Camp, A.C.M. Backx, and L. Husiman Use and Application of Modeling and Their Reliability 55H.P.H. Muysenberg, J. Chmelar, and G. Neff ENVIRONMENT Air Emission Requirements - Past, Present and Future 73C. Philip Ross Dry Sorbent Injection of Trona for SOx Mitigation 85John Maziuk ENERGY Energy Balances of Glass Furnaces: Parameters Determining Energy Consumption of Glass Melt Process 103Ruud Beerkens Leone Industries: Experience with Cullet Filter/Preheater 117Larry Barrickman and Peter Leone Petroleum Coke Technology for Glass Melting Furnaces 127M.A. Olin, R. Cabrera, I. Solis, and R. Valadez Coal Gasification 139John Brown Preheating Devices for Future Glass Making -- A 2nd Generation Approach 149Ann-Katrin Glusing MELTING AND REFRACTORIES Melting and Refining Conditions in an all Electric Melter for Borosilicate Glass 167Matthias Lindig Recent Developments in Submerged Combustion Melting 175David Rue, John Wagner, and Grigory Aronchik New Solutions for Checkers Working under Oxidizing and Reducing Conditions 183G. Heilemann, B. Schmalenbach, T. Weichert, S. Postrach, A. Lynker, and G. Gelbmann ER 2001 SLX: Very Low Exudation AZS Product for Glass Furnace Superstructure 195M. Gaubil, I. Cabodi, C. Morand, and B. Escaravage Author Index 203

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Book SynopsisProviding a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art advanced research in the field, Polymer Physics explores the interrelationships among polymer structure, morphology, and physical and mechanical behavior. Featuring contributions from renowned experts, the book covers the basics of important areas in polymer physics while projecting into the future, making it a valuable resource for students and chemists, chemical engineers, materials scientists, and polymer scientists as well as professionals in related industries.Trade Review"Featuring contributions from renowned experts, the book coers the basics of important areas in polymer plastics while projecting into the future, making it a valuable resource for students and chemists, chemical engineers, materials scientists, and polymer scientists as well as professionals in related industries." (Book Circle, 1 September 2011) "Providing a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art advanced research in the field, Polymer Physics: From suspensions to nanocomposites and beyond explores the interrelationships among polymer structure, morphology, and physical and mechanical behavior ." (PU Magazine, 1 June 2011) "Featuring contributions from renowned experts, the book covers the basics of important areas in polymer physics while projecting into the future, making it a valuable resource for students and chemists, chemical engineers, materials scientists and polymer scientists as well as professionals in related industries.". (ET Polymers, 8 November 2010)Table of ContentsContributors ix Preface xiii Robert Simha: A Life with Polymers 1 Ivan G. Otterness and Alexander M. Jamieson Part I Rheology 15 1 Newtonian Viscosity of Dilute, Semidilute, and Concentrated Polymer Solutions 17 Alexander M. Jamieson and Robert Simha 2 Polymer and Surfactant Drag Reduction in Turbulent Flows 89 Jacques L. Zakin and Wu Ge 3 Nanorheology of Polymer Nanoalloys and Nanocomposites 129 Ken Nakajima and Toshio Nishi 4 Volume Relaxation and the Lattice–Hole Model 161 Richard E. Robertson and Robert Simha 5 Dynamics of Materials at the Nanoscale: Small-Molecule Liquids and Polymer Films 191 Gregory B. McKenna Part II Thermodynamics 225 6 Equations of State and Free-Volume Content 227 Pierre Moulinié and Leszek A. Utracki 7 Spatial Configuration and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Main-Chain Liquid Crystals 283 Akihiro Abe and Hidemine Furuya 8 Bulk and Surface Properties of Random Copolymers in View of the Simha–Somcynsky Equation ofState 323 Hans-Werner Kammer and Jörg Kressler 9 Physical Aging 357 John (Iain) M. G. Cowie and Valeria Arrighi Part III Position Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy 391 10 Morphology of Free-Volume Holes in Amorphous Polymers by Means of Positron AnnihilationLifetime Spectroscopy 393 Giovanni Consolati and Fiorenza Quasso 11 Local Free-Volume Distribution from PALS and Dynamics of Polymers 421 Günter Dlubek 12 Positron Annihilation Lifetime Studies of Free Volume in Heterogeneous Polymer Systems 473 Alexander M. Jamieson, Brian G. Olson, and Sergei Nazarenko Part IV Physics of the Polymeric Nanocomposites 523 13 Structure–Property Relationships of Nanocomposites 525 Cyril Sender, Jean Fabien Capsal, Antoine Lonjon, Alain Bernès, Philippe Demont, Éric Dantras, Valérie Samouillan, Jany Dandurand, Colette Lacabanne, and Lydia Laffont 14 Free Volume in Molten and Glassy Polymers and Nanocomposites 553 Leszek A. Utracki 15 Metal Particles Confined in Polymeric Matrices 605 Luigi Nicolais and Gianfranco Carotenuto 16 Rheology of Polymers with Nanofillers 639 Leszek A. Utracki, Maryam M. Sepehr, and Pierre J. Carreau Appendix A: Abbreviations and Notations 709 Appendix B: Robert Simha Publications 737 Subject Index 755

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Book SynopsisPolyolefins is the collective name for polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) which are amongst the most widely used plastics today, accounting for more than half of total plastics consumption in the developed world. Available for the first time as a two-volume set, Polyolefin Blends and Polyolefin Composites comprehensively summarize and collect many of the technical research accomplishments conducted on blends and composites of polyolefin. The first books to focus exclusively on this subject, they serve as a one stop reference resource for the important research advances and accomplishments in recent years, with major emphasis given to the new area of polyolefin nano-blends and polyolefin nano-composites.

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Book SynopsisPapers from The American Ceramic Society''s 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, held in Daytona Beach, Florida, January 21-26, 2007. Content includes fundamental links among processing, microstructure, properties and performance of ceramics and composites, and how these change as a function of time, temperature and environment. Reviews progress on ternary compounds, ultra-high temperature ceramics, innovative processing techniques to achieve multifunctional properties and materials for power generation and nuclear energy applications.Table of ContentsPreface xi Introduction xiii Processing 3 Silicon-Based Ceramics 55 Properties of Monolithic Ceramics 79 Fiber-Reinforced CMCS 119 Particulate Reinforced and Laminated Composites 237 Environmental Effects 289 NDE and TEST Methods 361 Fracture 391 Joining and Brazing 463 Author Index 513

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Book SynopsisPapers from The American Ceramic Society''s 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, held in Daytona Beach, Florida, January 21-26, 2007. Topics include advances in dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials; electroceramic materials for sensors; thermoelectric materials for power conversion applications; and transparent conductive oxides.Table of ContentsPreface xi Introduction xiii Advanced Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Materials 3 Electroceramic Materials for Sensors 101 Thermoelectric Materials for Power Conversion Applications 151 Transparent Electronic Ceramics 243 Author Index 257

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Book SynopsisThis book is a follow-on to the author's bestseller, Principles of Combustion, Second Edition published in 2005. The text covers advanced topics of combustion and flame that are not covered anywhere else.Table of ContentsPreface xix 1 Introduction and Conservation Equations 1 1.1 Why Is Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion Important?, 3 1.2 Different Applications for Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion, 3 1.2.1 Applications in High Rates of Combustion of Materials for Propulsion Systems, 5 1.2.2 Applications in Power Generation, 7 1.2.3 Applications in Process Industry, 7 1.2.4 Applications in Household and Industrial Heating, 7 1.2.5 Applications in Safety Protections for Unwanted Combustion, 7 1.2.6 Applications in Ignition of Various Combustible Materials, 8 1.2.7 Applications in Emission Control of Combustion Products, 8 1.2.8 Applications in Active Control of Combustion Processes, 8 1.3 Objectives of Combustion Modeling, 8 1.4 Combustion-Related Constituent Disciplines, 9 1.5 General Approach for Solving Combustion Problems, 9 1.6 Governing Equations for Combustion Models, 11 1.6.1 Conservation Equations, 11 1.6.2 Transport Equations, 11 1.6.3 Common Assumptions Made in Combustion Models, 11 1.6.4 Equation of State, 12 1.6.4.1 High-Pressure Correction, 13 1.7 Definitions of Concentrations, 14 1.8 Definitions of Energy and Enthalpy Forms, 16 1.9 Velocities of Chemical Species, 19 1.9.1 Definitions of Absolute and Relative Mass and Molar Fluxes, 20 1.10 Dimensionless Numbers, 23 1.11 Derivation of Species Mass Conservation Equation and Continuity Equation for Multicomponent Mixtures, 23 1.12 Momentum Conservation Equation for Mixture, 29 1.13 Energy Conservation Equation for Multicomponent Mixture, 33 1.14 Total Unknowns versus Governing Equations, 40 Homework Problems, 41 2 Laminar Premixed Flames 43 2.1 Basic Structure of One-Dimensional Premixed Laminar Flames, 46 2.2 Conservation Equations for One-Dimensional Premixed Laminar Flames, 47 2.2.1 Various Models for Diffusion Velocities, 49 2.2.1.1 Multicomponent Diffusion Velocities (First-Order Approximation), 49 2.2.1.2 Various Models for Describing Source Terms due to Chemical Reactions, 54 2.2.2 Sensitivity Analysis, 66 2.3 Analytical Relationships for Premixed Laminar Flames with a Global Reaction, 68 2.3.1 Three Analysis Procedures for Premixed Laminar Flames, 77 2.3.2 Generalized Expression for Laminar Flame Speeds, 80 2.3.2.1 Reduced Reaction Mechanism for HC-Air Flame, 81 2.3.3 Dependency of Laminar Flame Speed on Temperature and Pressure, 82 2.3.4 Premixed Laminar Flame Thickness, 84 2.4 Effect of Flame Stretch on Laminar Flame Speed, 86 2.4.1 Definitions of Stretch Factor and Karlovitz Number, 86 2.4.2 Governing Equation for Premixed Laminar Flame Surface Area, 94 2.4.3 Determination of Unstretched Premixed Laminar Flame Speeds and Markstein Lengths, 95 2.5 Modeling of Soot Formation in Laminar Premixed Flames, 103 2.5.1 Reaction Mechanisms for Soot Formation and Oxidation, 104 2.5.1.1 Empirical Models for Soot Formation, 106 2.5.1.2 Detailed Models for Soot Formation and Oxidation, 108 2.5.1.3 Formation of Aromatics, 109 2.5.1.4 Growth of Aromatics, 110 2.5.1.5 Migration Reactions, 112 2.5.1.6 Oxidation of Aromatics, 113 2.5.2 Mathematical Formulation of Soot Formation Model, 114 Homework Problems, 124 3 Laminar Non-Premixed Flames 125 3.1 Basic Structure of Non-Premixed Laminar Flames, 128 3.2 Flame Sheet Model, 129 3.3 Mixture Fraction Definition and Examples, 130 3.3.1 Balance Equations for Element Mass Fractions, 134 3.3.2 Temperature-Mixture Fraction Relationship, 138 3.4 Flamelet Structure of a Diffusion Flame, 142 3.4.1 Physical Significance of the Instantaneous Scalar Dissipation Rate, 145 3.4.2 Steady-State Combustion and Critical Scalar Dissipation Rate, 147 3.5 Time and Length Scales in Diffusion Flames, 151 3.6 Examples of Laminar Diffusion Flames, 153 3.6.1 Unsteady Mixing Layer, 153 3.6.2 Counterflow Diffusion Flames, 155 3.6.3 Coflow Diffusion Flame or Jet Flames, 165 3.7 Soot Formation in Laminar Diffusion Flames, 172 3.7.1 Soot Formation Model, 173 3.7.1.1 Particle Inception, 174 3.7.1.2 Surface Growth and Oxidation, 174 3.7.2 Appearance of Soot, 175 3.7.3 Experimental Studies by Using Coflow Burners, 176 3.7.3.1 Sooting Zone, 178 3.7.3.2 Effect of Fuel Structure, 182 3.7.3.3 Influence of Additives, 183 3.7.3.4 Coflow Ethylene/Air Laminar Diffusion Flames, 186 3.7.3.5 Modeling of Soot Formation, 191 Homework Problems, 204 4 Background in Turbulent Flows 206 4.1 Characteristics of Turbulent Flows, 210 4.1.1 Some Pictures, 212 4.2 Statistical Understanding of Turbulence, 213 4.2.1 Ensemble Averaging, 214 4.2.2 Time Averaging, 215 4.2.3 Spatial Averaging, 215 4.2.4 Statistical Moments, 215 4.2.5 Homogeneous Turbulence, 216 4.2.6 Isotropic Turbulence, 217 4.3 Conventional Averaging Methods, 217 4.3.1 Reynolds Averaging, 218 4.3.1.1 Correlation Functions, 222 4.3.2 Favre Averaging, 225 4.3.3 Relation between Time Averaged-Quantities and Mass-Weighted Averaged Quantities, 227 4.3.4 Mass-Weighted Conservation and Transport Equations, 228 4.3.4.1 Continuity and Momentum Equations, 228 4.3.4.2 Energy Equation, 230 4.3.4.3 Mean Kinetic Energy Equation, 231 4.3.4.4 Reynolds-Stress Transport Equations, 232 4.3.4.5 Turbulence-Kinetic-Energy Equation, 234 4.3.4.6 Turbulent Dissipation Rate Equation, 236 4.3.4.7 Species Mass Conservation Equation, 242 4.3.5 Vorticity Equation, 243 4.3.6 Relationship between Enstrophy and the Turbulent Dissipation Rate, 246 4.4 Turbulence Models, 247 4.5 Probability Density Function, 249 4.5.1 Distribution Function, 250 4.5.2 Joint Probability Density Function, 252 4.5.3 Bayes’ Theorem, 254 4.6 Turbulent Scales, 256 4.6.1 Comment on Kolmogorov Hypotheses, 260 4.7 Large Eddy Simulation, 266 4.7.1 Filtering, 268 4.7.2 Filtered Momentum Equations and Subgrid Scale Stresses, 270 4.7.3 Modeling of Subgrid-Scale Stress Tensors, 274 4.8 Direct Numerical Simulation, 279 Homework Problems, 280 5 Turbulent Premixed Flames 283 5.1 Physical Interpretation, 289 5.2 Some Early Studies in Correlation Development, 291 5.2.1 Damk¨ohler’s Analysis (1940), 292 5.2.2 Schelkin’s Analysis (1943), 295 5.2.3 Karlovitz, Denniston, and Wells’s Analysis (1951), 296 5.2.4 Summerfield’s Analysis (1955), 297 5.2.5 Kovasznay’s Characteristic Time Approach (1956), 298 5.2.6 Limitations of the Preceding Approaches, 299 5.3 Characteristic Scale of Wrinkles in Turbulent Premixed Flames, 304 5.3.1 Schlieren Photographs, 305 5.3.2 Observations on the Structure of Wrinkled Laminar Flames, 305 5.3.3 Measurements of Scales of Unburned and Burned Gas Lumps, 307 5.3.4 Length Scale of Wrinkles, 310 5.4 Development of Borghi Diagram for Premixed Turbulent Flames, 310 5.4.1 Physical Interpretation of Various Regimes in Borghi’s Diagram, 311 5.4.1.1 Wrinkled Flame Regime, 311 5.4.1.2 Wrinkled Flame with Pockets Regime (also Called Corrugated Flame Regime), 311 5.4.1.3 Thickened Wrinkled Flames, 313 5.4.1.4 Thickened Flames with Possible Extinctions/Thick Flames, 314 5.4.2 Klimov-Williams Criterion, 314 5.4.3 Construction of Borghi Diagram, 316 5.4.3.1 Thick Flames (or Distributed Reaction Zone or Well-Stirred Reaction Zone), 318 5.4.4 Wrinkled Flames, 318 5.4.4.1 Wrinkled Flamelets (Weak Turbulence), 320 5.4.4.2 Corrugated Flamelets (Strong Turbulence), 322 5.5 Measurements in Premixed Turbulent Flames, 324 5.6 Eddy-Break-up Model, 324 5.6.1 Spalding’s EBU Model, 335 5.6.2 Magnussen and Hjertager’s EBU Model, 336 5.7 Intermittency, 337 5.8 Flame-Turbulence Interaction, 339 5.8.1 Effects of Flame on Turbulence, 341 5.9 Bray-Moss-Libby Model, 342 5.9.1 Governing Equations, 349 5.9.2 Gradient Transport, 353 5.9.3 Countergradient Transport, 354 5.9.4 Closure of Transport Terms, 357 5.9.4.1 Gradient Closure, 357 5.9.4.2 BML Closure, 358 5.9.5 Effect of Pressure Fluctuations Gradients, 361 5.9.6 Summary of DNS Results, 364 5.10 Turbulent Combustion Modeling Approaches, 368 5.11 Geometrical Description of Turbulent Premixed Flames and G-Equation, 368 5.11.1 Level Set Approach for the Corrugated Flamelets Regime, 371 5.11.2 Level Set Approach for the Thin Reaction Zone Regime, 374 5.12 Scales in Turbulent Combustion, 376 5.13 Closure of Chemical Reaction Source Term, 380 5.14 Probability Density Function Approach to Turbulent Combustion, 381 5.14.1 Derivation of the Transport Equation for Probability Density Function, 386 5.14.2 Moment Equations and PDF Equations, 391 5.14.3 Lagrangian Equations for Fluid Particles, 392 5.14.4 Gradient Transport Model in Composition PDF Method, 395 5.14.5 Determination of Overall Reaction Rate, 397 5.14.6 Lagrangian Monte Carlo Particle Methods, 398 5.14.7 Filtered Density Function Approach, 398 5.14.8 Prospect of PDF Methods, 399 Homework Problems, 400 Project No. 1, 400 Project No. 2, 401 6 Non-premixed Turbulent Flames 402 6.1 Major Issues in Non-premixed Turbulent Flames, 404 6.2 Turbulent Damk¨ohler number, 406 6.3 Turbulent Reynolds Number, 407 6.4 Scales in Non-premixed Turbulent Flames, 407 6.4.1 Direct Numerical Simulation and Scales, 411 6.5 Turbulent Non-premixed Combustion Regime Diagram, 414 6.6 Turbulent Non-premixed Target Flames, 418 6.6.1 Simple Jet Flames, 419 6.6.1.1 CH4/H2/N2 Jet Flame, 420 6.6.1.2 Effect of Jet Velocity, 430 6.6.2 Piloted Jet Flames, 432 6.6.2.1 Comparison of Simple Jet Flame and Sandia Flames D and F, 448 6.6.3 Bluff Body Flames, 452 6.6.4 Swirl Stabilized Flames, 455 6.7 Turbulence-Chemistry Interaction, 456 6.7.1 Infinite Chemistry Assumption, 456 6.7.1.1 Unity Lewis Number, 457 6.7.1.2 Nonunity Lewis Number, 458 6.7.2 Finite-Rate Chemistry, 458 6.8 Probability Density Approach for Turbulent Non-premixed Combustion, 462 6.8.1 Physical Models, 465 6.8.2 Turbulent Transport in Velocity-Composition Pdf Methods, 466 6.8.2.1 Stochastic Mixing Model, 467 6.8.2.2 Stochastic Reorientation Model, 468 6.8.3 Molecular Transport and Scalar Mixing Models, 469 6.8.3.1 Interaction by Exchange with the Mean Model, 471 6.8.3.2 Modified Curl Mixing Model, 471 6.8.3.3 Euclidean Minimum Spanning Tree Model, 472 6.9 Flamelet Models, 476 6.9.1 Laminar Flamelet Assumption, 477 6.9.2 Unsteady Flamelet Modeling, 478 6.9.3 Flamelet Models and PDF, 479 6.10 Interactions of Flame and Vortices, 480 6.10.1 Flame Rolled Up in a Single Vortex, 482 6.10.2 Flame in a Shear Layer, 483 6.10.3 Jet Flames, 483 6.10.4 K´arm´an Vortex Street/V-Shaped Flame Interaction, 484 6.10.5 Burning Vortex Ring, 484 6.10.6 Head-on Flame/Vortex Interaction, 485 6.10.7 Experimental Setups for Flame/Vortex Interaction Studies, 486 6.10.7.1 Reaction Front/Vortex Interaction in Liquids, 486 6.10.7.2 Jet Flames, 487 6.10.7.3 Counterflow Diffusion Flames, 488 6.11 Generation and Dissipation of Vorticity Effects, 492 6.12 Non-premixed Flame–Vortex Interaction Combustion Diagram, 493 6.13 Flame Instability in Non-premixed Turbulent Flames, 496 6.14 Partially Premixed Flames or Edge Flames, 500 6.14.1 Formation of Edge Flames, 501 6.14.2 Triple Flame Stabilization of Lifted Diffusion Flame, 502 6.14.3 Analysis of Edge Flames, 503 Homework Problems, 506 Project No. 6.1, 506 Project No. 6.2, 507 Project No. 6.3, 507 7 Background in Multiphase flows with Reactions 509 7.1 Classification of Multiphase Flow Systems, 512 7.2 Practical Problems Involving Multiphase Systems, 514 7.3 Homogeneous versus Multi-component/Multiphase Mixtures, 515 7.4 CFD and Multiphase Simulation, 516 7.5 Averaging Methods, 520 7.5.1 Eulerian Average—Eulerian Mean Values, 522 7.5.2 Lagrangian Average—Lagrangian Mean Values, 523 7.5.3 Boltzmann Statistical Average, 524 7.5.4 Anderson and Jackson’s Averaging for Dense Fluidized Beds, 525 7.6 Local Instant Formulation, 533 7.7 Eulerian-Eulerian Modeling, 536 7.7.1 Fluid-Fluid Modeling, 536 7.7.1.1 Closure Models, 538 7.7.2 Fluid-Solid Modeling, 540 7.7.2.1 Closure Models, 541 7.7.2.2 Dense Particle Flows, 547 7.7.2.3 Dilute Particle Flows, 549 7.8 Eulerian-Lagrangian Modeling, 550 7.8.1 Fluid-Solid Modeling, 551 7.8.1.1 Fluid Phase, 551 7.8.1.2 Solid Phase, 552 7.9 Interfacial Transport (Jump Conditions), 555 7.10 Interface-Tracking/Capturing, 561 7.10.1 Interface Tracking, 563 7.10.1.1 Markers on Interface (Surface Marker Techniques), 564 7.10.1.2 Surface-Fitted Method, 567 7.10.2 Interface Capturing, 568 7.10.2.1 Markers in Fluid (MAC Formulation), 568 7.10.2.2 Volume of Fluid Method, 569 7.11 Discrete Particle Methods, 573 Homework Problems, 575 8 Spray Atomization and Combustion 576 8.1 Introduction to Spray Combustion, 578 8.2 Spray-Combustion Systems, 580 8.3 Fuel Atomization, 582 8.3.1 Injector Types, 582 8.3.2 Atomization Characteristics, 584 8.4 Spray Statistics, 584 8.4.1 Particle Characterization, 584 8.4.2 Distribution Function, 585 8.4.2.1 Logarithmic Probability Distribution Function, 588 8.4.2.2 Rosin-Rammler Distribution Function, 588 8.4.2.3 Nukiyama-Tanasawa Distribution Function, 589 8.4.2.4 Upper-Limit Distribution Function of Mugele and Evans, 589 8.4.3 Transport Equation of the Distribution Function, 590 8.4.4 Simplified Spray Combustion Model for Liquid-Fuel Rocket Engines, 591 8.5 Spray Combustion Characteristics, 594 8.6 Classification of Models Developed for Spray Combustion Processes, 602 8.6.1 Simple Correlations, 602 8.6.2 Droplet Ballistic Models, 603 8.6.3 One-Dimensional Models, 603 8.6.4 Stirred-Reactor Models, 604 8.6.5 Locally Homogeneous-Flow Models, 605 8.6.6 Two-Phase-Flow (Dispersed-Flow) Models, 605 8.7 Locally Homogeneous Flow Models, 605 8.7.1 Classification of LHF Models, 606 8.7.2 Mathematical Formulation of LHF Models, 609 8.7.2.1 Basic Assumptions, 609 8.7.2.2 Equation of State, 609 8.7.2.3 Conservation Equations, 615 8.7.2.4 Turbulent Transport Equations, 619 8.7.2.5 Boundary Conditions, 620 8.7.2.6 Solution Procedures, 620 8.7.2.7 Comparison of LHF-Model Predictions with Experimental Data, 626 8.8 Two-Phase-Flow (Dispersed-Flow) Models, 634 8.8.1 Particle-Source-in-Cell Model (Discrete-Droplet Model), 637 8.8.1.1 Models for Single Drop Behavior, 639 8.8.2 Drop Breakup Process and Mechanism, 654 8.8.2.1 Drop Breakup Process, 654 8.8.2.2 Multi-component Droplet Breakup by Microexplosion, 659 8.8.3 Deterministic Discrete Droplet Models, 662 8.8.3.1 Gas-Phase Treatment in DDDMs, 664 8.8.3.2 Liquid-Phase Treatment in DDDMs, 666 8.8.3.3 Results of DDDMs, 667 8.8.4 Stochastic Discrete Droplet Models, 669 8.8.5 Comparison of Results between DDDMs and SDDMs, 671 8.8.6 Dense Sprays, 682 8.8.6.1 Introduction, 682 8.8.6.2 Background, 684 8.8.6.3 Jet Breakup Models, 690 8.8.6.4 Impinging Jet Atomization, 699 8.9 Group-Combustion Models of Chiu, 700 8.9.1 Group-Combustion Numbers, 701 8.9.2 Modes of Group Burning in Spray Flames, 703 8.10 Droplet Collison, 706 8.10.1 Droplet-Droplet Collisions, 707 8.10.2 Droplet-Wall Collision, 708 8.10.3 Interacting Droplet in a Many-Droplet System, 710 8.11 Optical Techniques for Particle Size Measurements, 710 8.11.1 Types of Optical Particle Sizing Methods, 711 8.11.2 Single Particle Counting Methods, 711 8.11.2.1 Scattering Ratio Technique, 712 8.11.2.2 Intensity Deconvolution Method, 713 8.11.2.3 Interferometric Method (Phase-Shift Method), 713 8.11.2.4 Visibility Method Using a Laser Doppler Velocimeter LDV, 713 8.11.2.5 Phase Doppler Sizing Anemometer, 713 8.11.3 Ensemble Particle Sizing Techniques, 714 8.11.3.1 Extinction Measurement Techniques, 714 8.11.3.2 Multiple Angle Scattering Technique, 714 8.11.3.3 Fraunhofer Diffraction Particle Analyzer, 715 8.11.3.4 Integral Transform Solutions for Near-Forward Scattering, 716 8.12 Effect of Droplet Spacing on Spray Combustion, 717 8.12.1 Evaporation and Combustion of Droplet Arrays, 717 Homework Problems, 720 Appendix A: Useful Vector and Tensor Operations 723 Appendix B: Constants and Conversion Factors Often Used in Combustion 751 Appendix C: Naming of Hydrocarbons 755 Appendix D: Detailed Gas-Phase Reaction Mechanism for Aromatics Formation 759 Appendix E: Particle Size–U.S. Sieve Size and Tyler Screen Mesh Equivalents 795 Bibliography 799 Index 869

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Book SynopsisMuch of project management writing addresses only the basics of time, cost, and scope management (or people and organizational issues) and fails to address the day-to-day nuances that become so important in practice. The reality is that there is far more than this to managing projects successfully.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. 1: Project Control (Peter Harpum). 2: Time and Cost (Asbjørn Rolstadås). 3: Critical Chain Project Management (Lawrence P. Leach). 4: Project Performance Measurement (Daniel M. Brandon). 5: Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Management (Stephen J. Simister). 6: Making Risk Management More Effective (Stephen Ward and Chris Chapman). 7: Improving Quality in Projects and Programs (Martina Huemann). 8: The Project Management Support Office (Martin Powell and James Young). Index.

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Book SynopsisPhysical Properties of Macromolecules integrates years of detailed research in physical properties of polymers with more traditional ?classroom topics.Trade Review"This resource serves as the ideal companion for government laboratories, industrial research scientists, engineers and professionals in polymer science fields who are interested in fully grasping all aspects of physical polymer science". (ET Polymers, 8 January 2011) Table of ContentsPreface. Part One Glass Transitions in Amorphous Polymers. 1. Glass Transitions in Amorphous Polymers: Basic Concepts. 2. Diffusion in Amorphous Polymers Near the Glass Transition Temperature. 3. Lattice Theories for Polymer–Small-Molecule Mixtures and the Conformational Entropy Description of the Glass Transition Temperature. 4. dc Electric Field Effects on First- and Second-Order Phase Transitions in Pure Materials and Binary Mixtures. 5. Order Parameters for Glasses: Pressure and Compositional Dependence of the Glass Transition Temperature. 6. Macromolecule–Metal Complexes: Ligand Field Stabilization and Glass Transition Temperature Enhancement. Part Two Semicrystalline Polymers and Melting Transitions. 7. Basic Concepts and Molecular Optical Anisotropy in Semicrystalline Polymers. 8. Crystallization Kinetics via Spherulitic Growth. 9. Experimental Analysis of Semicrystalline Polymers. Part Three Mechanical Properties of Linear and Crosslinked Polymers. 10. Mechanical Properties of Viscoelastic Materials: Basic Concepts in Linear Viscoelasticity. 11. Nonlinear Stress Relaxation in Macromolecule–Metal Complexes. 12. Kinetic Analysis of Molecular Weight Distribution Functions in Linear Polymers. 13. Gaussian Statistics of Linear Chain Molecules and Crosslinked Elastomers. 14. Classical and Statistical Thermodynamics of Rubber-Like Materials. Part Four Solid State Dynamics of Polymeric Materials. 15. Molecular Dynamics via Magnetic Resonance, Viscoelastic, and Dielectric Relaxation Phenomena. 16. Magnetic Spin Diffusion at the Nanoscale in Multiphase Polymers and Molecular Complexes. Index. Postface.

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Book SynopsisPart of the Wiley's Environmentally Conscious Engineering series, Environmentally Conscious Fossil Energy Production, the seventh volume, provides environmental and economic impacts of conventional power generation technologies.Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. 1 Environmentally Conscious Petroleum Engineering (M. Rafiqul Awal). 2 Carbon Management and Hydrogen Requirements in Oil Sands Operations (Ali Elkamel, J. Guillermo Ordorica-Garcia, Peter Douglas, and Eric Croiset). 3 Environmentally Conscious Coal Mining (R. Larry Grayson). 4 Maritime Oil Transport and Pollution Prevention (Sabah A. Abdul-Wahab). 5 Accidental Oil Spills Behavior and Control (M. R. Riazi). 6 Geological Sequestration of Greenhouse Gases (Ahmed Shafeen and Terry Carter). 7 Clean-Coal Technology: Gasification Pathway (J. Guillermo Ordorica-Garcia, Ali Elkamel, Peter L. Douglas, and Eric Croiset). 8 An Integrated Approach for Carbon Mitigation in the Electric Power Generation Sector (Ali Elkamel, Haslenda Hashim, Peter L. Douglas, and Eric Croiset). 9 Energy and Exergy Analyses of Natural Gas-Fired Combined Cycle Power Generation Systems (K. Mohammed and B. V. Reddy). Index.

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Book SynopsisProvides a compilation of meeting proceedings pertaining to the processing, properties, and behaviour of structural and multifunctional ceramics and composites, emerging ceramic technologies and applications of engineering ceramics. This CD contains papers that were submitted and accepted from the meeting after a peer review process.

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Book SynopsisUnderstanding structures is core to the education of the professional architect and engineer. Using three-dimensional computer generated models, animations, audio narration, and interactive quizzes, this unique product explains the fundamentals of structural behaviour and analysis in an easy-to-understand manner.Table of ContentsIntroduction Architects Concepts Systems Tutorial

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Book SynopsisEnterprise Excellence refers to drawing upon a variety of tools beyond Six Sigma to improve a business. Taking a holistic view of product and process improvement, here is a step-by-step guide to deploying Enterprise Excellence in an organization and integrating the methodologies and tools for business process improvement. This innovative approach covers all aspects of EE and provides practical applications appropriate for multiple levels within an organization. Its lessons apply to a broad range of readers, from graduate students in engineering to entrepreneurs in small businesses, from management to workshops and seminars to front line supervisors.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction. Law of Unintended Consequences. Enterprise Excellence. Enterprise Excellence Model. Continuous Measurable Improvement. Achieving Enterprise Excellence. Key Points. Chapter 2: Managing and Leading Enterprise Excellence. Lead People - Manage Things. Management Systems. Leading Enterprise Excellence. The Leadership Model . Leading and Managing Teams. Effective Meetings. Understanding and Overcoming Resistance to Change. The 3Cs: Communication, Cooperation, and Coordination. Key Points. Chapter 3: Enterprise Excellence Deployment. Enterprise Excellence Infrastructure . Deployment Measurement, Analysis and Reporting. Enterprise Excellence Deployment Planning. Establishing Enterprise Excellence Policies, Guidelines and Infrastructure. Key Points. Chapter 4: Enterprise Excellence Implementation. Management and Operations Plans. Enterprise Excellence Projects. Enterprise Excellence Project Decision Process . Planning The Enterprise Excellence Project. Tollgate Reviews. Project Notebook. Key Points. Chapter 5: Listening to the Voice of the Customer. Voice of the Customer (VOC). Answering the Voice of the Customer. Technology Development. Development of Products, Services and Processes. Quality Function Deployment. CDOV Process. Key Points. Chapter 6: Define (Knowing and Understanding Your Processes). Understanding Process Variation. Acquire All Process Documentation. Process Mapping. Value Stream Mapping. Value Stream Analysis. Process Walkthrough. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. Key Points. Chapter 7: Measure. Process Measurement. Statistical Process Control. Statistical Process Control Charts. Control Charts Analysis. Variation. Type of Control Charts & Applications. Attribute Control Charts. Process Capability Analysis. Measurement Systems Evaluation (MSE). Gauge Reproducibility & Repeatability (R&R). Transactional MSE. Key Points. Chapter 8: Analyze and Improve Effectiveness. Analysis of Variance. One-Way ANOVA. Two-Way ANOVA. Linear Contrasts. Design of Experiments. Key Points. Chapter 9: Analyzing and Improving Efficiency. 5S Process. The Seven Forms of Waste. Takt Time. Cycle Time. Routing Analysis. Spaghetti Diagram. Work Content Analysis. Process Availability Analysis. Process Yield Measures. Cycle Time. Just in Time. Kanban. Mixed-Model Production. A B C Material Handling. Workable Work. Workload Balancing. One Piece Flow. Work Cell Design. Kanban Sizing. Key Points. Chapter 10: Control and Continuous Measurable Improvement. Management Systems. Statistical Process Control. Visual Controls. Graphic Work Instructions. Mistake Proofing (Poka-Yoke). Single-Minute Exchange of Die (SMED). Total Productive Maintenance. Rapid Improvement Events. Continuous Measurable Improvement. Key Points. Appendix A: Bibliography. Appendix B: Glossary. Appendix C: Basic Math Symbols. Appendix D: List of Acronyms.

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Book SynopsisThis dictionary provides a tool for translating research results, promotes the exchange of information, and enhances scientists' understanding of the wealth of data published in different languages. It includes 7,000 terms translated into nine languages: English, Chinese, French, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian.Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Preface. Prefaces to National Language Versions. Scientific and Lexicographic References. Structure of the Dictionary. Nine Language Dictionary. National Language Keys. Annex 1 English and National abbreviations. Annex 2 Standard testing techniques.

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Book SynopsisThis volume provides a one-stop resource, compiling current research on bioceramics and porous ceramics. It is a collection of papers from The American Ceramic Society s 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 27-February 1, 2008. It includes papers from two symposia: Porous Ceramics: Novel Developments and Applications and Next Generation Bioceramics. Articles are logically organized to provide insight into various aspects of bioceramics and porous ceramics. This is a valuable, up-to-date resource for researchers working in ceramics engineering.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. BIOCERAMICS. Thermal Interface Stresses Including 3D Microstructures in Layered Free-Form Ceramics (Hrishikesh Bale, Jay C. Hanan, and James E. Smay). Preparation and Biomineralization of Silica-Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Hollow Nanoparticles for Bone Tissue Generation (Song Chen, Akiyoshi Osaka, Kanji Tsuru, and Satoshi Hayakawa). Effect of Wollastonite on the In Vitro Bioactivity and Mechanical Properties of PMMA Bone Cements (Dora A. Cortes, David Renteria, M. Isabel Villarreal, Sergio Escobedo, J.M. Alrnanza, and Jose C. Escobedo). Titanium Surface Modification to Titania Nanotube for Next Generation Orthopedic Applications (Kakoli Das, Susmita Bose, and Amit Bandyopadhyay). Calcium Phosphate Nanocarrier in BSA Delivery (Sudip Dasgupta, Amit Bandyopadhyay and Susmita Bose). Machinable Tricalcium Phosphate/Lanthanum Phosphate Composites (Celaletdin Ergun). Location of Carbonate Ions in Structure of Biological Apatite (Michael E. Fleet and Xi Liu). Nanoindentation of Yttria Doped Zirconia Under Hydrothermal Degradation (Y. Gaillard, E. Jirnenez-Pique, J. A. Muiioz, J. Valle, and M. Anglada). Influence of Sintering Conditions on the Microstructure of Chemically Precipitated Hydroxyapatite Nanopowder (Hoda Arnani Harnedani, Hiva Baradari, Sara Karimi, Harnidreza Rezaie, and Jafar Javadpour). Hydrothermal Treatment of Alpha Tricalcium Phosphate Porous Ceramics in Various Aqueous Solutions (Masanobu Karnitakahara, Koji loku, Giichiro Kawachi, and Chikara Ohtsuki). Electrochemical Deposition of Hydroxyapatite on Titanium Substrates in Metastable Calcium Phosphate Solution under Pulse Current (M. Kawashita, T. Hayakawa, and G.H. Takaoka). Hydroxyapatite/GEMOSIL Nanocomposite (Ching-Chang KO, Tzy-Jiun Mark Luo, Lu Chi, and Alice Ma). Challenge Toward Microstructure Optimization of Irregular Porous Materials by Three-Dimentional Porous Structure Simulator (Michihisa Koyarna, Hiroshi Fukunaga, Kei Ogiya, Tatsuya Hattori, Ai Suzuki, Riadh Sahnoun, Hideyuki Tsuboi, Nozornu Hatakeyarna, Akira Endou, Hirornitsu Takaba, Carlos A. Del Carpio, Rarnesh C. Deka, Mornoji Kubo, and Akira Miyamoto). Synthesis of Rhenanite (p-NaCaP0,)-Apatitic Calcium Phosphate Biphasics for Skeletal Repair (R.M. Knotts, S. Jalota, S.B. Bhaduri, and A.C. Tas). Nanomaterials as Improved Implants: A Review of Recent Studies(Huinan Liu and Thomas J. Webster). Apatite-Polyglutamic Acid Composites Prepared Through Biomimetic Process (Toshiki Miyazaki, Atsushi Sugino, and Chikara Ohtsuki). Formation of Bone-Like Apatite on Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramics in a Solution Mimicking Body Fluid (Chikara Ohtsuki, Kohei Yarnaguchi, Tornohiro Uchino, Giichiro Kawachi, Koichi Kikuta, and Masanobu Karnitakahara). Ultraviolet Irradiation Had Limited Effects on Enhancing In Vitro Apatite Formation on Sol-Gel Derived Titania Films (Akiyoshi Osaka, Tetsuya Shozui, Kanji Tsuru, and Satoshi Hayakawa). Nanostructured Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Bone Repair (Mohamed N. Rahaman, Delbert E. Day, Roger F. Brown, Qiang Fu, and Steven B. Jung). Development of Novel Biocompatible Hydroxyapatite Coated Nanotubular Titania for Implant Application (K. S. Raja, G.L. Craviso, M. Misra, A.M. Raichur, and A. Kar). Low Temperature Degradation and Biomedical Properties of Y-TZP Ceramics (Yumi Tanaka, Nami Ukai, Keishi Nishio, and Kimihiro Yamashita). Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite for Bioceramic Applications (Tien B. Tran, Joanna R. Groza, and James F. Shackelford). Rheology and Properties of Bioactive Orthopedic Cement (Noah Wiese, Stanley D. Wagner, and Thomas D. McGee). POROUS CERAMICS. Cellular Ceramics Made of Silicon Carbide Ceramics for Burner Technology (J. Adler, G. Standke, M. Jahn, and F. Marschallek). A Modified Gelcasting Procedure to Prepare Alumina Porous Components: Process Optimization and Preliminary Mechanical Tests (Mariangela Lombardi, Laura Montanaro, Laurent Gremillard, and J e r h e Chevalier). Experimental Investigation of the Oxidation Behavior of SiSiC Foams (F.R.A. Mach, F.V. Issendorff, A. Delgado). New Technology with Porous Materials: Progress in the Development of the Diesel Vehicle Business (Kazushige Ohno). Porous Alumina and Zirconia Bodies Obtained by a Novel Gel Casting Process (Jean-Marc Tulliani, Valentina Naglieri, Mariangela Lombardi, and Laura Montanaro). R-Curve Behavior in Porous Cordierite Honeycombs (James E. Webb and Sujanto Widjaja). Fabrication of Porous Silicon Nitride Ceramics with Gradient Microstructure (Xiaowei Yin, Xiangming Li, Litong Zhang, Laifei Cheng, Yongsheng Liu, and Tianhao Pan). Author Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume provides a one-stop resource, compiling current research on ceramic armor and addressing the challenges facing armor manufacturers. It is a collection of papers from The American Ceramic Society s 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 27-February 1, 2008.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. TRANSPARENT GLASSES AND CERAMICS. Mesomechanical Constitutive Relations for Glass and Ceramic Armor (D.R. Curran, D.A. Shockey, and J.W. Simons). Optimizing Transparent Armor Design Subject to Projectile Impact Conditions (Xin Sun, Kevin C. Lai, Tara Gorsich, and Douglas W. Templeton). Physics of Glass Failure during Rod Penetration (D.A. Shockey, D. Bergmannshoff, D.R. Curran, and J.W. Simons). Adhesive Bond Evaluation in Laminated Safety Glass using Guided Wave Attenuation Measurements (S. Hou and H. Reis). Applying Modeling Tools to Predict Performance of Transparent Ceramic Laminate Armors (C.G. Fountzoulas, J.M. Sands, G.A. Gilde, and P.J. Patel). An Economic Comparison of Hot Pressing vs. Pressureless Sintering for Transparent Spinel Armor (A. LaRoche, K. Rozenburg, J. Voyles, L. Fehrenbacher, and Gary Gilde). Advances in Ballistic Performance of Commercially Available Saint-Gobain Sapphire Transparent Armor Composites (Christopher D. Jones, Jeffrey B. Rioux, John W. Locher, Vincent Pluen, and Matthias Mandelartz). Defect Free Spinel Ceramics of High Strength and High Transparency (Juan L. Sepulveda, Raouf 0. Loutfy, and Sekyung Chang). OPAQUE CERAMICS. Recent Results on the Fundamental Performance of a Hot-Pressed Silicon Carbide Impacted by Sub-scale Long-Rod Penetrators (Jeny C. LaSalvia, Brian Leavy, Herbert T. Miller, Joshua R. Houskamp, and Ryan C. McCuiston). Instrumented Hertzian Indentation Study of Two Commerical Silicon Carbides (H.T. Miller, R.C. McCuiston, and J.C. LaSalvia). Apparent Yield Strength of Hot-Pressed Sics (W.L. Daloz, A.A. Wereszczak, and O.M. Jadaan). Microstructural Examination and Quasi-Static Property Determination of Sintered Armor Grade Sic (Memduh V. Demirbas, Richard A. Haber, and Raymond E. Brennan). Quantitative Characterization of Localized Amplitude Variations in Silicon Carbide Ceramics using Ultrasound C-Scan Imaging (Raymond Brennan, James McCauley, Richard Haber, and Dale Niesz). Grain Boundary Engineering of Silicon Carbide by Means of Coprecipitation (Steven Mercurio, Mihaela Jitianu, and Richard A. Haber). The Possible Roles of Stoichiometry, Microstructure, and Defects on the Mechanical Behavior of Boron Carbide (Ryan McCuiston, Jeny LaSalvia, James McCauley, and William Mayo). A Review of Ceramics for Armor Applications (P.G. Karandikar, G. Evans, S. Wong, M.K. Aghajanian, and M. Sennett). NOVEL EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION. A Portable Microwave Scanning Technique for Nondestructive Testing of Multilayered Dielectric Materials (Karl Schmidt, Jack Little, and William A. Ellingson). Ballistic Damage Assessment of a Thin Compound Curved B4C Ceramic Plate using XCT (J.M. Wells and N.L. Rupert). Evaluation of Ballistically-Induced Damage in Ceramic Targets by X-Ray Computed Tomography (William H. Green, Herbert T. Miller, Jerry C. LaSalvia, Datta P. Dandekar, and Daniel Casem). Automated Nondestructive Evaluation System for Hard Armor Protective Inserts of Body Armor (Nicholas Haynes, Karl Masters, Chris Perritt, David Simmons, James Zheng, and James E. Youngberg). Analysis of Hardness Indentation Size Effect (ISE) Curves in Ceramics: A New Approach to Determine Plasticity (Trevor E. Wilantewicz and James W. McCauley). Author Index.

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Book SynopsisA collection of papers from The American Ceramic Society s 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, held in Daytona Beach, Florida, January 27-February 1, 2008. Topics include basic and applied research in nanomaterials such as synthesis, functionalization, processing, and characterization; structure-property correlations; bio- and magnetic nanomaterials; nanostructured materials for chemical mechanical planarization, display, health, and cosmetic applications; nanotubes and nanowires; and industrial development.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. One-Dimensional Nanostructured Ceramics for Healthcare, Energy and Sensor Applications (S. Rarnakrishna, Rarnakrishnan Rarnaseshan, Rajan Jose, Liao Susan, Barhate Rajendrakurnar Suresh, and Raj Bordia). What Makes a Good TiO, Photocatalyst? (Lars Osterlund, A. Mattsson, and P. O. Andersson). Manufacturing of Ceramic Membranes Consisting of ZrO, with Tailored Microporous Structures for Nanofiltration and Gas Separation Membranes (Tim Van Gestel, Wilhelrn A. Meulenberg, Martin Brarn, and Hans-Peter Buchkrerner). Electrical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Alumina Composites (Kaleern Ahrnad and Wei Pan). Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of Nanostructured TiO, Ceramics Processed by Tape Casting (Sheng Chao, Vladirnir Petrovsky, Fatih Dogan). The Simulation in the Real Conditions of Antibacterial Activity of TiO, (Fe) Films with Optimized Morphology (M. Gartner, C. Anastasescu, M. Zaharescu, M. Enache, L. Durnitru, TStoica, T.F. Stoica, and C. Trapalis). Polyethylene/Boron Containing Composites for Radiation Shielding Applications (Courtney Harrison, Eric Burgett, Nolan Hertel, and Eric Grulke). Synthesis and Optical Properties of SiC,&3i02 Nanocomposite Thin Films (Karakuscu, R. Guider, L. Paved, and G. D. Sora). Strength and Related Phenomenon of Bulk Nanocrystalline Ceramic Synthesized via Non-Equilibrium Solid State P/M Processing (Hiroshi Kirnura). Properties of Nanostructured Carbon Nitride Films for Semiconductor Process Applications (Jigong Lee, Choongwon Chang, Junarn Kim, and Sung Pi1 Lee). Applying Nickel Nanolayer Coating onto BB4& Particles for Processing Improvement (Xiaojing Zhu, Kathy Lu, Hongying Dong, Chris Glornb, Elizabeth Logan, and Karthik Nagarathnarn). Effect of Carbon Nanotubes Addition on Matrix Microstructure and Thermal Conductivity of Pitch Based Carbon-Carbon Composites (Lalit Mohan Manocha, Rajesh Pande, Harshad Patel, S. Manocha, Ajit Roy, and J.P. Singh) Microstructure and Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Titania Matrix Composites Prepared under Different Sintering Conditions (S.Manocha, L.M.Manocha, E.Yasuda, and Chhavi Manocha). Elaboration of Alumina-YAG Nanocomposites from Pressureless Sintered Y-Doped Alumina Powders (Paola Palrnero, Laura Montanaro, Claude Esnouf, and Gilbert Fantoui). Nanoscale Pinning Media in Bulk Melt-Textured High-T, Superconductors and their Importance for Super-Magnet Applications (M. Muralidhar, N. Sakai, M. Jirsa, M. Murakarni, and I. Hirabayashi). Novel Nano-Material for Opto-Electrochemical Application (P.C. Pandey and Dheeraj S. Chauhan). Kaolinite-Dimethylsulfoxide Nanocomposite Precursors (Jefferson Leixas Capitaneo, Valeska da Rocha Caffarena, Flavio Teixeira da Silva, Magali Silveira Pinho, and Maria Aparecida Pinheiro dos Santos). Raman Spectroscopy of Anatase Coated Carbon Nanotubes (Georgios Pyrgiotakis and Wolfgang M. Sigmund). Structural and Optical Properties of Sol-Gel Derived Hydroxyapatite Films in Different Stages of Crystallization and Densification Processes (Tionica Stoica, Mariuca Gartner, Adelina lanculescu, Mihai Anastasescu, Adrian Slav, luliana Pasuk, Toma Stoica, and Maria Zaharescu). Evaluation of Aggregate Breakdown in Nanosized Titanium Dioxide via Mercury Porosimetry (Navin Venugopal and Richard A. Haber). Enrichment and Vacuum-Sintering Activity of Colloidal Carbon Submicro-Spheres (Jianjun Hu, Zhong Lu, and Qiang Wang). Nitrogen Doped Diamond Like Carbon Thin Films on PTFE for Enhanced Hernocompatibility (S. Srinivasan, O. Yang, and V.N. Vasilets). Nanostructured Nitride Surface via Advanced Plasma Nitriding and Its Applications (Sehoon Yoo, Yong-Ki Cho, Sang Gweon Kim, and Sung-Wan Kim). Author Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume provides a one-stop resource, compiling current research on advanced processing and manufacturing technologies for structural and multifunctional materials. It is a collection of papers from The American Ceramic Society s 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 27-February 1, 2008. Topics include advanced processing and manufacturing technologies for a wide variety of non-oxide and oxide based structural ceramics, ultra-high temperature ceramics and composites, particulate and fiber reinforced composites, and multifunctional materials. This is a valuable, up-to-date resource for researchers in the field.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Development and Characterization of the Bonding and Integration Technologies Needed for Fabricating Silicon Carbide Based Injector Components (Michael C. Halbig and Mrityunjay Singh). Bonding and Integration of C-C Composite to Cu-Clad-Molybdenum for Thermal Management Applications (R. Asthana and M. Singh). Polymer Impregnation and Pyrolysis Process Combined with Powder Space Holder Technique (PSH-PIP) (Masaki Kotani, Aline Zimmer, Satoru Matsuzaki, and Kazuaki Nishiyabu). Oxidation Behavior of C/C-Sic Composites in Open Atmosphere (V.K. Srivastava and Shraddha Singh). Processing Method for Interpenetrating Network Metal-Ceramic Composites with a Non-Linear Compositional Gradient (M. Neukam and M. Willert-Porada). 3-D Simulation of Self-propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode Materials (Sidney Lin and Jiri Selig). Influence of Green Part Microstructure and Sintering Atmosphere on the Formation of Porous Silicon Nitride Ceramics with Yb-Silicate Matrix (M. Knoll and M. Willert-Porada). R-SIC for Novel Gel-Cast Cross Flow Filter (J. Horna, S. Zellhofer, A. Liersch, and J. Starnpfl). Reaction Bonded Sic Processed with Two Different Types of Carbon Precursors (Cristiane Evelise Ribeiro da Silva, Celio A. Costa, and Maria Cecilia de Sousa N6brega). Evidence of Uniform Microstructure in Microwave Sintered Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) by Impedance Analysis (Kanchan Lata Singh, Ajay Kurnar, Anirudh P. Singh, and S.S. Sekhon). Modeling of Field Assisted Sintering Technology (FAST) and Its Application to Electro-Conductive Systems (K. Vanrneensel, S.H. Huang, A. Laptev, J. Vleugels, and 0. Van der Biest). Polydimethylsiloxane Derived Ceramics: Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature on Ceramic Phases (Marilia SBrgio da Silva Beltrlo, Marysilvia Ferreira, and Celio A. Costa). Freeform Fabrication of Alumina Dental-Crown Models by Using Stereolithography (Masahito Ishikawa, Soshu Kirihara, Yoshinari Miyarnoto, and Taiji Sohrnura). Silicon Nitride Rapid Decomposition for Formation of Nanosized Powders for Shaping Microdevices (Dariusz Kata and Jerzy Lis). The Relation between Peierls and Mott-Hubbard Transition in V02 by Tunneling Spectroscopy (Changman Kim, Tornoya Ohno, Takashi Tamura, Yasushi Oikawa, Jae-Soo Shin, and Hajirne Ozaki). Localization of Terahertz Waves in Photonic Fractal Arrays of Alumina Fabricated by Micro-Stereolithography (T. Hibino, S. Kirihara, and Y. Miyarnoto). Anisotropic Varistor via Magnetic Texturing (Yoshiaki Kinernuchi, Kurni Okanoue, Hisashi Kaga, Juan P. Wiff, Satoshi Tanaka, Keizo Uernatsu, and Koji Watari). Faradayic Process for Electrophoretic Deposition of Thermal Barrier Coatings (Joseph Kell, Heather McCrabb, and Binod Kurnar). Indium Tin Oxide Ceramic Rotary Sputtering Targets for Transparent Conductive Film Preparation (Eugene Medvedovski, Christopher J. Szepesi, Olga Yankov, and Maryarn K. Olsson). The Effect of Doping with Titania and Calcium Titanate on the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of the Giant Dielectric Constant Ceramic CaCu3Ti4OI2 (Bany A. Bender, Ed Gorzkowski, and Ming-Jen Pan). Synthesis and Characterization of Electrodeposited Nickel Nanowires (Valeska da Rocha Caffarena, Alberto Passos Guirnaraes, Magali Silveira Pinho, Elizandra Martins Silva, Jefferson Leixas Capitaneo, and Marilia Sergio da Silva Beltrao). Crystallization of Titania Films in Aqueous Solutions and Their Dye Adsorption Properties (Yoshitake Masuda, Tatsuo Kirnura, Xiulan Hu, Xiangju Meng, Kazumi Kato, and Tatsuki Ohji). Micro Scale Measurement of Thermal Effusivity/Conductivity of SIC by Thermal Microscope (lkuko Yarnada, Shoichi Kurne, Koji Watari, Kirnihito Hatori, and Genzo Matsui). Author Index.

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Book SynopsisAn accessible treatment of the modeling and solution of integer programming problems, featuring modern applications and software In order to fully comprehend the algorithms associated with integer programming, it is important to understand not only how algorithms work, but also why they work. Applied Integer Programming features a unique emphasis on this point, focusing on problem modeling and solution using commercial software. Taking an application-oriented approach, this book addresses the art and science of mathematical modeling related to the mixed integer programming (MIP) framework and discusses the algorithms and associated practices that enable those models to be solved most efficiently. The book begins with coverage of successful applications, systematic modeling procedures, typical model types, transformation of non-MIP models, combinatorial optimization problem models, and automatic preprocessing to obtain a better formulation. SubsequTrade Review"Thoroughly classroom-tested, Applied integer programming is an excellent book for integer programming courses at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels." (Mathematical Reviews, 2011) "The book is intended as a textbook for an application oriented course for senior undergraduate or postgraduate students, mainly with an engineering, business school, or applied mathematics background. Each chapter comes with several exercises, solutions of which are provided in an appendix. Many figures illustrate the flow of algorithms and other concepts." (Zentralblatt MATH, 2010)Table of ContentsPREFACE. PART I MODELING. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Integer Programming. 1.2 Standard Versus Nonstandard Forms. 1.3 Combinatorial Optimization Problems. 1.4 Successful Integer Programming Applications. 1.5 Text Organization and Chapter Preview. 1.6 Notes. 1.7 Exercises. 2 Modeling and Models. 2.1 Assumptions on Mixed Integer Programs. 2.2 Modeling Process. 2.3 Project Selection Problems. 2.4 Production Planning Problems. 2.5 Workforce/Staff Scheduling Problems. 2.6 Fixed-Charge Transportation and Distribution Problems. 2.7 Multicommodity Network Flow Problem. 2.8 Network Optimization Problems with Side Constraints. 2.9 Supply Chain Planning Problems. 2.10 Notes. 2.11 Exercises. 3 Transformation Using 0–1 Variables. 3.1 Transform Logical (Boolean) Expressions. 3.2 Transform Nonbinary to 0–1 Variable. 3.3 Transform Piecewise Linear Functions. 3.4 Transform 0–1 Polynomial Functions. 3.5 Transform Functions with Products of Binary and Continuous Variables: Bundle Pricing Problem. 3.6 Transform Nonsimultaneous Constraints. 3.7 Notes. 3.8 Exercises. 4 Better Formulation by Preprocessing. 4.1 Better Formulation. 4.2 Automatic Problem Preprocessing. 4.3 Tightening Bounds on Variables. 4.4 Preprocessing Pure 0–1 Integer Programs. 4.5 Decomposing a Problem into Independent Subproblems. 4.6 Scaling the Coefficient Matrix. 4.7 Notes. 4.8 Exercises. 5 Modeling Combinatorial Optimization Problems I. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Set Covering and Set Partitioning. 5.3 Matching Problem. 5.4 Cutting Stock Problem. 5.5 Comparisons for Above Problems. 5.6 Computational Complexity of COP. 5.7 Notes. 5.8 Exercises. 6 Modeling Combinatorial Optimization Problems II. 6.1 Importance of Traveling Salesman Problem. 6.2 Transformations to Traveling Salesman Problem. 6.3 Applications of TSP. 6.4 Formulating Asymmetric TSP. 6.5 Formulating Symmetric TSP. 6.6 Notes. 6.7 Exercises. PART II REVIEW OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING AND NETWORK FLOWS. 7 Linear Programming—Fundamentals. 7.1 Review of Basic Linear Algebra. 7.2 Uses of Elementary Row Operations. 7.3 The Dual Linear Program. 7.4 Relationships Between Primal and Dual Solutions. 7.5 Notes. 7.6 Exercises. 8 Linear Programming: Geometric Concepts. 8.1 Geometric Solution. 8.2 Convex Sets. 8.3 Describing a Bounded Polyhedron. 8.4 Describing Unbounded Polyhedron. 8.5 Faces, Facets, and Dimension of a Polyhedron. 8.6 Describing a Polyhedron by Facets. 8.7 Correspondence Between Algebraic and Geometric Terms. 8.8 Notes. 8.9 Exercises. 9 Linear Programming: Solution Methods. 9.1 Linear Programs in Canonical Form. 9.2 Basic Feasible Solutions and Reduced Costs. 9.3 The Simplex Method. 9.4 Interpreting the Simplex Tableau. 9.5 Geometric Interpretation of the Simplex Method. 9.6 The Simplex Method for Upper Bounded Variables. 9.7 The Dual Simplex Method. 9.8 The Revised Simplex Method. 9.9 Notes. 9.10 Exercises. 10 Network Optimization Problems and Solutions. 10.1 Network Fundamentals. 10.2 A Class of Easy Network Problems. 10.3 Totally Unimodular Matrices. 10.4 The Network Simplex Method. 10.5 Solution via LINGO. 10.6 Notes. 10.7 Exercises. PART III SOLUTIONS. 11 Classical Solution Approaches. 11.1 Branch-and-Bound Approach. 11.2 Cutting Plane Approach. 11.3 Group Theoretic Approach. 11.4 Geometric Concepts. 11.5 Notes. 11.6 Exercises. 12 Branch-and-Cut Approach. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Valid Inequalities. 12.3 Cut Generating Techniques. 12.4 Cuts Generated from Sets Involving Pure Integer Variables. 12.5 Cuts Generated from Sets Involving Mixed Integer Variables. 12.6 Cuts Generated from 0–1 Knapsack Sets. 12.7 Cuts Generated from Sets Containing 0–1 Coefficients and 0–1 Variables. 12.8 Cuts Generated from Sets with Special Structures. 12.9 Notes. 12.10 Exercises. 13 Branch-and-Price Approach. 13.1 Concepts of Branch-and-Price. 13.2 Dantzig–Wolfe Decomposition. 13.3 Generalized Assignment Problem. 13.4 GAP Example. 13.5 Other Application Areas. 13.6 Notes. 13.7 Exercises. 14 Solution via Heuristics, Relaxations, and Partitioning. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Overall Solution Strategy. 14.3 Primal Solution via Heuristics. 14.4 Dual Solution via Relaxation. 14.5 Lagrangian Dual. 14.6 Primal–Dual Solution via Benders’ Partitioning. 14.7 Notes. 14.8 Exercises. 15 Solutions with Commercial Software. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Typical IP Software Components. 15.3 The AMPL Modeling Language. 15.4 LINGO Modeling Language. 15.5 MPL Modeling Language. REFERENCES. APPENDIX: ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES. INDEX.

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Book SynopsisA Convincing and Controversial Alternative Explanation of Metamaterials with a Negative Index of Refraction In a book that will generate both support and controversy, one of the world''s foremost authorities on periodic structures addresses several of the current fashions in antenna designmost specifically, the popular subject of double negative metamaterials. Professor Munk provides a comprehensive theoretical electromagnetic investigation of the issues and concludes that many of the phenomena claimed by researchers may be impossible. While denying the existence of negative refraction, the author provides convincing alternative explanations for some of the experimental examples in the literature. Although the debate on this subject is just beginning, Professor Munk has received support by various numerical simulations, winning him the encouragement of numerous experts in the field. The issues that are raised here have not been addressed thoroughly by the metamaterialTable of ContentsForeword. Preface. Chapter 1: Why Periodic Structures Cannot Synthesize Negative Indices of Refraction. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 What Currently is Assumed about Veselago’s Medium. 1.3. Fantastic Designs Could be Realized if Veselago’s Material Existed. 1.4. How Veselago’s Medium is Envisioned to be Synthesized Using Periodic Structures. 1.5. How Does A Periodic Structure Refract. 1.6. On the Field Surrounding an Infinite Periodic Structure of Arbitrary Wire Elements Located in One or More Arrays. 1.7. On Increasing "Evanescent" Waves: a Fatal Misconception. 1.8 Preliminary Conclusion: Synthesizing Veselago’s Medium by a Periodic Structure Is Not Feasible. 1.9. On Transmission Line Dispersion: Backward Traveling Waves. 1.10. Regarding Veselago’s Conclusion: are There Deficiencies? 1.11. Conclusions. 1.12. Common Misconceptions. References. Chapter 2: On Cloaks and Reactive Radomes. 2.1. Cloaks. 2.2. Reactive Radomes. 2.3. Common Misconceptions. 2.4. Concluding Remarks. References. Chapter 3: Absorbers with Windows: Absorb at Some Frequencies While Transparent at Others. also Rasorbers. 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Statement of the Problem. 3.3. Concept. 3.4. Conceptual Designs. 3.5. Extension to Arbitrary Polarization. 3.6. The High Frequency Band. 3.7. Complete Conceptual Rasorber Design. 3.8. Practical Designs. 3.9. Other applications of traps: multiband arrays. References. Chapter 4: On Designing Absorbers for Oblique Angle of Incidence. 4.1. Lagarkov’s and Classical Designs. 4.2. The Salisbury Screen. 4.3. Scan Compensation. 4.4. Frequency Compensation. 4.5. The Circuit Analog Absorbers. 4.6. Other Designs: Comparison and Discussion. 4.7. Conclusion. References. Chapter 5. The Titan Antenna: An Alternative to Magnetic Ground Planes. 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Layout of the Antenna. 5.3. On Double-Band Matching in General. 5.4. Matching of the Sleeve Elements. 5.5. Further Matching: The Main Distribution Network. 5.6. The Balun. 5.7. The Radiation Pattern. 5.8. Something that Sounds Too Good To Be True, It Usually Is! 5.9. Efficiency Measurements. 5.10. A Common Misconception. 5.11. We Put the magnetic Ground Plane to Rest! 5.12. Conclusions. References. Chapter 6: Summary and Concluding Remarks. 6.1 Background. 6.2 The Features of Veselago’s Material. 6.3 What Can a Periodic Structure Actually Simulate? 6.4 Did Veselago Choose the Wrong Branch Cut? 6.5 Could we Ever Have a Negative Index of Refraction? 6.6 Could Veselago Have Avoided the Wrong Solution? 6.7 So What Came Out Of It? 6.8 Is Publishing the Ultimate Goal in Scientific Research? 6.9 What Excites a Scientist? 6.10 How Far Have We Gone in Our Self-Deception? 6.11 But Didn’t Anyone Suspect Anything? 6.12 How Realistic Are Small Arrays? References. Appendix A: The Paper Rejected in 2003. A.1. Comments Written in 2007 Concerning My Rejected Paper Submitted in 2003. A.2. The Paper Rejected in 2003. Appendix B. A Cavity-Type Broadband Antenna with a Steerable Cardioid Pattern. B.1. Introduction. B.2. Design 1. B.3. Design 2. B.4. Development of Design 2b. B.5. Conclusion. References. Appendix C: How to Measure the Characteristic Impedance and Attenuation of a Cable. C.1. Background. C.2 Input Connector Effect. C.3. Do the Formulas Hold in the Smith Charts? C.4. How to Measure the Cable Loss. Reference. Appendix D: Can Negative Refraction be Observed Using a Wedge of Lossy Material? D.1. Introduction. D.2. Refraction for Planar Slabs. D.3. Wedge Shaped Dielectric. D.4. Asymmetric Aperture Distributions in General. D.5. Conclusion. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisCollege graduates need to gain new skills to thrive in a service business environment. Compiled by an editorial board of specialists in the various areas and edited by a best-selling author, Introduction to Service Engineering is the ideal textbook as well as reference for professionals interested in service engineering.Table of ContentsPreface vi Contributor viii I Introduction 1 1 Service Science: Toward a Smarter Planet 3J. Spohrer and P. P. Maglio 2 A Unified Service Theory 31S. E. Sampson 3 Work in the Service Economy 48J. Blomberg II Service Enterprises 71 4 Development of Hybrid Solutions—A Challenge for Organizations in a Competitive Environment 73K. J. Zink, T. Baudach, and M. Kramp 5 Enterprise Value Creation in the Global Service Economy 100A. Herman 6 Architecture of Service Organizations 109M. Cases, D. A. Bodner, and B. Mutnury 7 Service Enterprise Modeling 135Y. Yih and A. Chaturvedi 8 Applying the Methods of Systems Engineering to Services Engineering 159M. R. Mott III Service Design 177 9 Customer-Centered Design of Service Organizations 179W. Karwowski, G. Salvendy, and T. Ahram 10 Design of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) 207L.-J. Zhang and F. Bernardini 11 Design of Collaborative e-Service Systems 227H. S. Ko and S. Y. Nof 12 New Service Development Process 253K. J. Kim and T. Meiren 13 A Methodology for Designing Services: A Modeling Method, Design Method, CAD Tool, and Their Industrial Applications 268T. Sakao, E. Sundin, M. Lindahl, and Y. Shimomura IV Service Operations 295 14 Service Operations and Management 297S. McLaughlin 15 A Service Perspective of Marketing, Operations, and Value Creation 316M. A. Akaka, S. L. Vargo, and R. F. Lusch 16 Service Processes 338P. Lillrank 17 Service Call Centers: Design and Operation 365R. Feinberg and C. Briggs V Customer Service and Service Quality 379 18 Lean Service 381F. Voehl and A. Elshennawy 19 Designing for Service: Creating an Experience Advantage 403S. Evenson and H. Dubberly 20 Complaint Management 414B. Stauss and W. Seidel 21 Integrating Service Quality and Human Factors 433C. Drury VI Web Services 445 22 Designing Web-Based Services 447N. Partarakis, C. Doulgeraki, M. Antona, and C. Stephanidis 23 Web Service Technology 488C. Pautasso 24 The Development of Web-Based Services 502N. Partarakis, C. Doulgeraki, M. Antona, and C. Stephanidis 25 Global e-Organization 533N. Dholakia and R. R. Dholakia VII Innovation in Service Systems 545 26 The Evolution of Service Engineering—Toward the Implementation of Designing Integrative Solutions 547H. Luczak and G. Gudergan 27 Managing Service Innovation 576J. Tidd and F. Hull 28 Streamlining the Delivery of Complex SOA Solutions with Global Resources 602K. Ratakonda, Y.-M. Chee, D. Oppenheim, and F. Bernardini 29 Technology Transfer Streams in Service Industry 621W. M. Grudzewski and I. K. Hejduk Index 645

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