Mechanical engineering and materials Books
Wiley Sintered Metallic and Ceramic Materials
Book SynopsisSintering is one of the most important industrial techniques for optimizing the capabilities of different materials and this book deals exclusively with the state-of-the-art on the processing of sintered materials, both metallic and ceramic.Table of ContentsSintered Low-alloy Ferrous Materials. Sintered High-alloy Ferrous Materials. Sintered Copper Alloys. Sintered Aluminium Alloys. Sintered Nickel Alloys. Sintered Titanium and Zirconium Alloys. Sintered Silver and Lead Alloys. Sintered Molybdenum and Tungsten Alloys. Sintered Rare Earth Intermetallics. Sintered Oxide Ceramics. Sintered Non-oxide Ceramics. Sintered Cermets. Applications. Index.
£502.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Gas Dynamics Volume 1
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsReview of Fundamental Principles. Governing Equations for Compressible Fluid Flow. General Features of the Steady One-Dimensional Flow of aCompressible Fluid. Steady One-Dimensional Isentropic Flow with Area Change. Steady One-Dimensional Flow with Friction. Steady One-Dimensional Flow with Heat Transfer. Shock Wave. Expansion Waves. Mass Addition, Combustion Waves, and Generalized SteadyOne-Dimensional Flow. General Features of the Steady Multidimensional Adiabatic Flow ofan Inviscid Compressible Fluid. Introduction to Flow with Small Perturbations. Introduction to the Method of Characteristics with Application toSteady Two-Dimensional Irrotational Supersonic Flow. The Method of Characteristics Applied to Unsteady One-DimensionalHomentropic Flow.
£284.36
John Wiley & Sons Inc ShockCapturing Methods for FreeSurface
Book SynopsisThe first of its kind in the field, this title examines the use of modern, shock-capturing finite volume numerical methods, in the solution of partial differential equations associated with free-surface flows, which satisfy the shallow-water type assumption (including shallow water flows, dense gases and mixtures of materials as special examples).Trade Review"...a well-written book ..... I strongly recommend the book..." (Jnl of Hydraulic Research, Vol.41, No.1, 2003)Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. The Shallow Water Equations. Properties of the Equations. Linearised Shallow Water. Exact Riemann Solver: Wet Bed. Exact Riemann Solver: Dry Bed. Tests with Exact Solution. Basics on Numerical Methods. First-Order Methods. Approximate Riemann Solvers. TVD Methods. Sources and Multi-Dimensions. Dam-Break Modelling. Mach Reflection of Bores. Concluding Remarks. References. Index.
£207.86
John Wiley & Sons Inc Solar Electricity
Book SynopsisSolar Electricity Second Edition Edited by Tomas Markvart University of Southampton, UK .warmly recommended as a comprehensive, introductory text on a subject which should become increasingly important. (Review of the First Edition in Contemporary Physics) The rapid evolution of photovoltaic technology has highlighted the increasing capabilities of solar electricity as a power source for distributed energy generation. Building on the success of the first edition, Solar Electricity presents a balanced introduction to all aspects of solar energy conversion, from cell types to environmental impact and applications. Now fully revised to incorporate the latest industry achievements and featuring: New sections on the role of dye sensitised solar cells, photovoltaics in buildings, diesel hybrid systems, and photovoltaic markets and funding. Solar cell design and manufacturing technology including crystalline silicon and thin film devices. Introduction to a range of photovoltaic applications iTable of ContentsElectricity from the Sun. Solar Radiation. Solar Cells. Photovoltaic System Engineering. Applications. Environmental Impacts of Photovoltaics. Advanced and Specialised Topics. Index.
£174.56
John Wiley & Sons Design with Constructal Theory
Book Synopsis* Applies the theory of constructal design across a number of engineering disciplines. * Begins with the basics and builds to more and more complex systems for better student understanding. * Problems and exercises at the end of each chapter will reinforce the coverage - a solutions manual is also available. .Trade Review"This book represents the outcome of over 12 years of research and teaching by the authors on constructal theory and its application. It provides comprehensive and elegant discussion of a revolutionary new approach for understanding and predicting the designs that arise in both nature and engineering, from the tree and the forest to the cooling of electronics, urban design, decontamination, and vascular smart materials. This book is highly recommended for everyone, especially students and professionals in mechanical, civil, environmental, energy and power, chemical, aerospace, and biomedical engineering, as well in geophysics and biology." (International Journal of Energy Research, 2010) "The constructal law provides a broad coverage of "designedness" everywhere, from engineering to geophysics and biology….it provides the student with strategy for how to pursue and discover design-the configurations or patterns-in both space and time. Constructal theory pushes design thinking closer to science and away from art. It tears down the walls between engineering and natural sciences." (Mechanical Engineering, September 2009) "A balance between individual and institutional approaches is the best idea, according to a new theory by a Duke University engineer Adrian Bejan, who thinks institutions benefit most from the co-existence of large groups that self-organize naturally and lone scientists coming up with brilliant new ideas…. big thinkers didn't disappear. Bejan argues they continued to thrive. He thinks his "constructal theory," which he began describing in 1996, might explain why. The theory states that so-called flow systems evolve to balance and minimize imperfections, reducing friction or other forms of resistance, so that the least amount of useful energy is lost. Examples in nature include rivers and streams that make up a delta or the intricate airways of the lungs. In research done by humans, Bejan sees two main flows: those of ideas in the form of scientific findings, and those of support, measured by tangible factors such as funding and lab space." (Robert Roy Brit, LiveScience.com, Yahoo.news.com, December 2008) "Design with Constructal Theory offers a revolutionary new approach to design based on physics for understanding and predicting the designs that arise in nature and engineering…This book shows how you can use the method of constructal theory to design human-made systems in order to reduce trial and error and increase the system performance. It is beautifully illustrated, in color and black & white. This book is highly recommended to professors, students and professionals in mechanical, civil, environmental, chemical, aerospace and biomedical engineering. It is recommended to all the readers interested in design in nature, and in design as science, strategy, and novel and effective designs." (International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 11/12/08)Table of ContentsAbout the Authors xi Preface xiii List of Symbols xvii 1. Flow Systems 1 1.1 Constructal Law, Vascularization, and Svelteness 1 1.2 Fluid Flow 6 1.2.1 Internal Flow: Distributed Friction Losses 7 1.2.2 Internal Flow: Local Losses 11 1.2.3 External Flow 18 1.3 Heat Transfer 20 1.3.1 Conduction 20 1.3.2 Convection 24 References 31 Problems 31 2. Imperfection 43 2.1 Evolution toward the Least Imperfect Possible 43 2.2 Thermodynamics 44 2.3 Closed Systems 46 2.4 Open Systems 51 2.5 Analysis of Engineering Components 52 2.6 Heat Transfer Imperfection 56 2.7 Fluid Flow Imperfection 57 2.8 Other Imperfections 59 2.9 Optimal Size of Heat Transfer Surface 61 References 62 Problems 63 3. Simple Flow Configurations 73 3.1 Flow Between Two Points 73 3.1.1 Optimal Distribution of Imperfection 73 3.1.2 Duct Cross Sections 75 3.2 River Channel Cross-Sections 78 3.3 Internal Spacings for Natural Convection 81 3.3.1 Learn by Imagining the Competing Extremes 81 3.3.2 Small Spacings 84 3.3.3 Large Spacings 85 3.3.4 Optimal Spacings 86 3.3.5 Staggered Plates and Cylinders 87 3.4 Internal Spacings for Forced Convection 89 3.4.1 Small Spacings 90 3.4.2 Large Spacings 90 3.4.3 Optimal Spacings 91 3.4.4 Staggered Plates, Cylinders, and Pin Fins 92 3.5 Method of Intersecting the Asymptotes 94 3.6 Fitting the Solid to the “Body” of the Flow 96 3.7 Evolution of Technology: From Natural to Forced Convection 98 References 99 Problems 101 4. Tree Networks for Fluid Flow 111 4.1 Optimal Proportions: T –and Y -Shaped Constructs 112 4.2 Optimal Sizes, Not Proportions 119 4.3 Trees Between a Point and a Circle 123 4.3.1 One Pairing Level 124 4.3.2 Free Number of Pairing Levels 127 4.4 Performance versus Freedom to Morph 133 4.5 Minimal-Length Trees 136 4.5.1 Minimal Lengths in a Plane 137 4.5.2 Minimal Lengths in Three Dimensions 139 4.5.3 Minimal Lengths on a Disc 139 4.6 Strategies for Faster Design 144 4.6.1 Miniaturization Requires Construction 144 4.6.2 Optimal Trees versus Minimal-Length Trees 145 4.6.3 75 Degree Angles 149 4.7 Trees Between One Point and an Area 149 4.8 Asymmetry 156 4.9 Three-Dimensional Trees 158 4.10 Loops, Junction Losses and Fractal-Like Trees 161 References 162 Problems 164 5. Configurations for Heat Conduction 171 5.1 Trees for Cooling a Disc-Shaped Body 171 5.1.1 Elemental Volume 173 5.1.2 Optimally Shaped Inserts 177 5.1.3 One Branching Level 178 5.2 Conduction Trees with Loops 189 5.2.1 One Loop Size, One Branching Level 190 5.2.2 Radial, One-Bifurcation and One-Loop Designs 195 5.2.3 Two Loop Sizes, Two Branching Levels 197 5.3 Trees at Micro and Nanoscales 202 5.4 Evolution of Technology: From Forced Convection to Solid-Body Conduction 206 References 209 Problems 210 6. Multiscale Configurations 215 6.1 Distribution of Heat Sources Cooled by Natural Convection 216 6.2 Distribution of Heat Sources Cooled by Forced Convection 224 6.3 Multiscale Plates for Forced Convection 229 6.3.1 Forcing the Entire Flow Volume to Work 229 6.3.2 Heat Transfer 232 6.3.3 Fluid Friction 233 6.3.4 Heat Transfer Rate Density: The Smallest Scale 234 6.4 Multiscale Plates and Spacings for Natural Convection 235 6.5 Multiscale Cylinders in Crossflow 238 6.6 Multiscale Droplets for Maximum Mass Transfer Density 241 References 245 Problems 247 7. Multiobjective Configurations 249 7.1 Thermal Resistance versus Pumping Power 249 7.2 Elemental Volume with Convection 250 7.3 Dendritic Heat Convection on a Disc 257 7.3.1 Radial Flow Pattern 258 7.3.2 One Level of Pairing 265 7.3.3 Two Levels of Pairing 267 7.4 Dendritic Heat Exchangers 274 7.4.1 Geometry 275 7.4.2 Fluid Flow 277 7.4.3 Heat Transfer 278 7.4.4 Radial Sheet Counterflow 284 7.4.5 Tree Counterflow on a Disk 286 7.4.6 Tree Counterflow on a Square 289 7.4.7 Two-Objective Performance 291 7.5 Constructal Heat Exchanger Technology 294 7.6 Tree-Shaped Insulated Designs for Distribution of Hot Water 295 7.6.1 Elemental String of Users 295 7.6.2 Distribution of Pipe Radius 297 7.6.3 Distribution of Insulation 298 7.6.4 Users Distributed Uniformly over an Area 301 7.6.5 Tree Network Generated by Repetitive Pairing 307 7.6.6 One-by-One Tree Growth 313 7.6.7 Complex Flow Structures Are Robust 318 References 325 Problems 328 8. Vascularized Materials 329 8.1 The Future Belongs to the Vascularized: Natural Design Rediscovered 329 8.2 Line-to-Line Trees 330 8.3 Counterflow of Line-to-Line Trees 334 8.4 Self-Healing Materials 343 8.4.1 Grids of Channels 344 8.4.2 Multiple Scales, Loop Shapes, and Body Shapes 352 8.4.3 Trees Matched Canopy to Canopy 355 8.4.4 Diagonal and Orthogonal Channels 362 8.5 Vascularization Fighting against Heating 364 8.6 Vascularization Will Continue to Spread 369 References 371 Problems 373 9. Configurations for Electrokinetic Mass Transfer 381 9.1 Scale Analysis of Transfer of Species through a Porous System 381 9.2 Model 385 9.3 Migration through a Finite Porous Medium 387 9.4 Ionic Extraction 393 9.5 Constructal View of Electrokinetic Transfer 396 9.5.1 Reactive Porous Media 400 9.5.2 Optimization in Time 401 9.5.3 Optimization in Space 403 References 405 10. Mechanical and Flow Structures Combined 409 10.1 Optimal Flow of Stresses 409 10.2 Cantilever Beams 411 10.3 Insulating Wall with Air Cavities and Prescribed Strength 416 10.4 Mechanical Structures Resistant to Thermal Attack 424 10.4.1 Beam in Bending 425 10.4.2 Maximization of Resistance to Sudden Heating 427 10.4.3 Steel-Reinforced Concrete 431 10.5 Vegetation 442 10.5.1 Root Shape 443 10.5.2 Trunk and Canopy Shapes 446 10.5.3 Conical Trunks, Branches and Canopies 449 10.5.4 Forest 453 References 458 Problems 459 11. Quo Vadis Constructal Theory? 467 11.1 The Thermodynamics of Systems with Configuration 467 11.2 Two Ways to Flow Are Better than One 470 11.3 Distributed Energy Systems 473 11.4 Scaling Up 482 11.5 Survival via Greater Performance, Svelteness and Territory 483 11.6 Science as a Consructal Flow Architecture 486 References 488 Problems 490 Appendix 491 A. The Method of Scale Analysis 491 B. Method of Undetermined Coefficients (Lagrange Multipliers) 493 C. Variational Calculus 494 D. Constants 495 E. Conversion Factors 496 F. Dimensionless Groups 499 G. Nonmetallic Solids 499 H. Metallic Solids 503 I. Porous Materials 507 J. Liquids 508 K. Gases 513 References 516 Author Index 519 Subject Index 523
£123.26
Wiley Evolutionary Algorithms in Engineering and Computer Science
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£211.46
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Automatic Flight Control
Book SynopsisThis book provides an introduction to the pinciples of automatic flight of fixed--wing and rotary wing aircraft. Representative types of aircraft (UK and US) are used to show how these principles are applied in their systems. The revised edition includes new material on automatic flight control systems and helicopters.Table of ContentsPreface to First Edition; Preface to Fourth Edition; Principles of flight - fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters; Servomechanisms and automatic control fundamentals; Sensing of attitude changes; Command signal detection; Command signal processing; Outer loop control; Conversion of command signals to powered control; Automatic control of helicopters; Flight director systems; Automatic landing and autothrottle systems; Fly-by-wire (FBW) Control Systems; Appendix - Fixed-wing aircraft/AFCS combinations; Helicopter/ AFCS combinations; Acronyms and abbreviations associated with AFCS equipment and controlling signal functions; Logic circuits; Solutions to multi-choice questions; Index
£71.96
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Climatology for Airline Pilots
Book SynopsisClimatology -- particularly the study of difficult and demanding weather conditions -- is of major importance to pilots now that aeroplanes fly over previously unavailable routes such as the North Pole and take direct routes over very large oceans.Table of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; Introduction; Global air circulation; The global overview; Upper winds and jet streams; Easterly convergence waves; The inter-tropical conference zone or equatorial trough; Tropical storms; Upper air temperature and tropospheric heights; Polar climates; The climatic zones; Route and area climatology - introduction - North Atlantic; Weather in the Arctic; Arctic regions of Norway; Europe; Mediterranean; Africa; Middle East; Arabian Gulf to Singapore; Singapore to Japan; Singapore to Australia; South West Pacific region; Australia; New Zealand; The Pacific; North America; The Caribbean; South America and South Atlantic; Route weather, Dakar to Recefe; El Niño anad La Niña; Appendices; Glossary; Index
£74.66
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Aviation Law for Pilots
Book SynopsisAviation law, with its associated flight rules and procedures, has always been a difficult subject for students and this well established text has provided an authoritative guide to the subject. Now, with the introduction of the Joint Airworthiness Requirements Flight Crew Licensing (JAR - FCL) examinations, it has been completely rewritten to cover the new syllabuses and to take account of the new FCL style of examinations. The opportunity has been taken to simplify presentation of information, with more checklists to aid revision work. Tests are included which are cross referenced to the pages containing the relevant text.Table of ContentsPreface. Abbreviations. 1 International and UK Air Law. 2 Airspace Divisions. 3 Visual Flight Rules and Instrument Flight Rules (VFR and IFR). 4 Altimeter Setting Procedures. 5 Aeronautical Information Service (AIS). 6 Aerodromes - General. 7 Flight Separation, Flight Planning, Carriage of Radio Equipment. 8 Flight at Aerodromes. 9 Flight in Other Types of Airspace. 10 Use of Radar in Air Traffic Services (ATS). 11 Airspace Restrictions, AIRPROX Procedures, Low Level Rules. 12 Meteorology. 13 Communications. 14 Search and Rescue. 15 Entry, Transit and Departure of Aircraft. 16 Aircraft Registration and Airworthiness (ICAO Annex 8). 17 Flight Personnel. 18 Operation of Aircraft (ICAO Annex 6 - Operation of Aircraft). 19 Documents and reports. 20 Rules of the Air, Aircraft Lights and Marshalling Signals. 21 Miscellaneous Information. Test and Answers. Index.
£59.80
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Design of the Aeroplane
Book SynopsisThe new edition of this classic textbook, used by universities, training schools, industry and enthusiasts, has been extended to feature a number of new studies in practical aeroplane design. Mathematics - which general readers may skip - is the minimum needed to work out common sense shapes, aimed at meeting the certification requirements of the three world airworthiness authorities: FAA (USA), British CAA and European JAA. Land and seaplanes are included, from microlight and commuter, to a 30-seat surface-effect (ekranoplan) regional transport, to satisfy specific markets. A new chapter, on Using the back of an envelope, shows how to make ballpark technical judgements. Darrol Stinton MBE, PhD, CEng, FRAeS, FRINA, MIMechE, RAF(Retd) was born in New Zealand and grew up in England. He is qualified test pilot and aeronautical engineer who worked in the design offices of the Blackburn and De Havilland aircraft companies before joining the RAF. His test flying spanned 35 yTrade Review* 'an unusually well written and interesting text by an author with sterling credentials' - W.N. Hubin, 'The Science of Flight' on the first edition "This is a well-written and interesting text that should be enjoyed by a wide spectrum of readers" Light Aviation, Spring 2002Table of ContentsSection 1 - Introduction: Airworthiness the object; Vocabulary of Design. Section 2 - Aerodynamics: The nature of air; Arrangement of surfaces; Drag, flaps and wakes. Section 3 - Performance: Power for flight; Reciprocating engines; Turbine engines - and a range equation. Section 4 - Operational Characteristics: Fuselages, hulls and floats; Choice of landing gear; Longitudinal stability; Control surfaces; Lateral and directional stability and spinning; How big and how heavy. Section 5 - Project Examples: Layout, including 'Using the back of an envelope'; Appendices; Index
£95.36
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Radio Aids
Book SynopsisThis well regarded series for students taking the commercial and airline transport pilot licences has been substantially revised to bring it into line with the new European Joint Aviation Requirements (JARs) for flight crew licensing. Each volume deals with the material required by one of the new JAR papers. This volume covers those subjects traditionally referred to as ''Radio Aids''. It includes not only those systems, ground and airborne equipment, comprising the JAR Radio Navigation paper, but also the basic principles of radio wave propagation and communications required in the Aircraft General paper. The volume also covers those warning systems which use radio principles. It continues to cover basic principles, as well as communications and navigation equipment. Emphasis on obsolete systems has been reduced to allow increased coverage of modern equipment. Coverage has been expanded on displays and satellite communications and navigation systems, as well as warning systeTable of ContentsPreface. List of Abbreviations. Basic Radio. Radio Waves in the Atmosphere. Communications. VHF Direction Finding (VDF). ADF/NDB. VOR (VHF Omnirange). Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI) and Other VOR Indictors. Instrument Landing System and Markers. Basic Radar. Ground Radar Services. Displays. Airborne Weather Radar. Doppler Radar. Secondary Radar Theory and DME. Satellite Navigation Systems. Area Navigation Systems (RNAV). Secondary Surveillance Radar. Collision Warning Systems. Microwave Landing System. Radio Altimeters and Altitude Warnings. Terrain Avoidance Systems. Hyperbolic Principles and LORAN-C. Obsolete Hyperbolic Systems – Decca and Omega. Answers to Sample Questions. Index.
£53.15
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Human Performance and Limitations in Aviation
Book Synopsisaeo includes further recent revisions to the European JAR syllabus aeo a readable guide which avoids too much complexity aeo suitable not only for private but also commercial pilots aeo based on an international syllabus, the book will appeal to overseas training in English aeo a a very useful reference book.Trade Review"...is not only essential reading for those taking examinations but is an invaluable guide for all of us who fly, instruct in the air, teach on the ground and examine." (The Aerospace Professional) "The writing is concise, easy to follow, and enjoyable to read." (Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine) "a very useful reference book...worthwhile and recommended" (Australian Air Pilot)Table of ContentsPreface ix Part 1: Human Factors: Basic Concepts 1 1 Human Factors in Aviation 3 Part 2: Basic Aviation Physiology and Health Maintenance 9 2 The Basics of Flight Physiology 11 3 Man and the Environment - The Sensory System 39 4 Health and Hygiene 69 Part 3: Basic Aviation Psychology 99 5 Human Information Processing 101 6 Human Error and Reliability 116 7 Decision making 125 8 Avoiding and Managing Errors: Cockpit Management 132 9 Personality 149 10 Human Overload and Underload 157 11 Advanced Cockpit Automation 178 In Conclusion 186 Bibliography 187 Index 188
£47.45
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Gas Turbine Performance 2e
Book SynopsisA significant addition to the literature on gas turbine technology, the second edition of Gas Turbine Performance is a lengthy text covering product advances and technological developments. Including extensive figures, charts, tables and formulae, this book will interest everyone concerned with gas turbine technology, whether they are designers, marketing staff or users.Table of Contents1 Gas Turbine Engine Applications. 1.0 Introduction. 1.1 Comparison of gas turbine and high speed diesel engines. 1.2 Power generation applications. 1.3 Industrial mechanical drive applications. 1.4 Automotive applications. 1.5 Marine applications. 1.6 Aircraft applications -- propulsion requirements. 1.7 Shaft powered aircraft -- turboprops and turboshafts. 1.8 Thrust propelled aircraft -- turbofans, turbojets and ramjets. 1.9 Auxiliary power units (APUs). Formulae. Sample calculations. Charts. References. 2 The Operational Envelope. 2.0 Introduction. 2.1 The environmental envelope. 2.2 Installation pressure losses. 2.3 The flight envelope. Formulae. Sample calculations. Charts. References. 3 Properties and Charts for Dry Air, Combustion Products and other Working Fluids. 3.0 Introduction. 3.1 Description of fundamental gas properties. 3.2 Description of key thermodynamic parameters. 3.3 Composition of dry air an combustion products. 3.4 The use of CP and gamma, or specific enthalpy and entropy, in calculations. 3.5 Data base for fundamental and thermodynamic gas properties. 3.6 Charts showing interrelationships of key thermodynamic parameters. Formulae. Sample calculations. Charts. References. 4 Dimensionless, Quasidimensionless, Referred and Scaling Parameter Group. 4.0 Introduction. 4.1 The importance of parameter groups. 4.2 Tables of parameter groups and description. 4.3 Examples of applications. 4.4 Second--order effects -- steady state performance. 4.5 Second--order effects -- engines scaling. 4.6 Second--order effects -- transient performance. 4.7 Why components and engines adhere to the parameter group relationships. Sample calculations. Charts. References. 5 Gas Turbine Engine Components. 5.0 Introduction. 5.1 Axial compressors -- design point performance and basic sizing. 5.2 Axial flow -- off design performance. 5.3 Centrifugal compressors -- design point performance and basic sizing. 5.4 Centrifugal compressors -- off design performance. 5.5 Fans -- design point performance and basic sizing. 5.6 Fans -- off design performance. 5.7 Combustors -- design point performance and basic sizing. 5.8 Combustors -- off design performance. 5.9 Axial flow turbines -- design point performance and basic sizing guidelines. 5.10 Axial flow turbines -- off design performance. 5.11 Radial turbines -- design. 5.12 Radial turbines -- off design performance. 5.13 Ducts -- design. 5.14 Ducts -- off design performance. 5.15 Air systems, turbines NGV and blade cooling -- design point performance. 5.16 Air systems -- off design performance. 5.17 Mechanical losses -- design point performance and basic sizing. 5.18 Mechanical losses -- off design performance. 5.19 Mixers -- design point performance and basic sizing. 5.20 Mixers -- off design performance. 5.21 Afterburners -- design point performance and basic sizing. 5.22 Afterburners -- off design performance. 5.23 Heat exchangers -- design point performance and basic sizing. 5.24 Heat exchangers -- off design performance. 5.25 Alternators -- design point performance. 5.26 Alternators -- off design performance. Formulae. Sample calculations. Charts. References. 6 Design Point Performance and Engine Concept Design. 6.0 Introduction. 6.1 Design point and off design performance calculations. 6.2 Design point performance parameters. 6.3 Design point calculation and diagram. 6.4 Linearly scaling components and engines. 6.5 Design point exchange rates. 6.6 Ground rules for generic design point diagrams. 6.7 Open shaft power cycles: generic design point diagrams and exchange rates. 6.8 Combined heat and power: generic design point diagrams and exchange rates. 6.9 Closed cycles: generic design point diagrams and exchange rates. 6.10 Aircraft engines shaft power cycles: generic design point diagrams and exchange rates. 6.11 Aircraft engine thrust cycles: generic design point diagrams and exchange rates. 6.12 The engine concept design process. 6.13 Margins required when specifying target performance levels. Formulae. Sample calculations. Charts. References. 7 Off Design Performance. 7.0 Introduction. 7.1 Generic off design characteristics. 7.2 Off design performance modelling -- methodology. 7.3 Off design performance modelling -- flow diagrams and sample calculations. 7.4 Geometric variation: modelling and effects. 7.5 Engine scaling and different working fluids. 7.6 Off design matching: physical mechanisms. 7.7 Exchange rates. 7.8 Ratings and control. Formulae. Sample calculations. Charts. References. 8 Transient Performance. 8.0 Introduction. 8.1 The fundamental transient mechanism. 8.2 Transient performance manoeuvres. 8.3 Engine accel and decel requirements. 8.4 Transient performance phenomena. 8.5 Operability concerns. 8.6 Surge, rotating stall and locked stall -- the events and their detection. 8.7 Surge margin requirements and the surge margin stack up. 8.8 Parameter groups and transient performance. 8.9 Scaling parameter groups and transient performance. 8.10 Control strategies during transient manoeuvres. 8.11 Transient performance and control models. Formulae. Sample calculations. References. 9 Starting. 9.0 Introduction. 9.1 The fundamental starting process. 9.2 Start processes for major engine types and applications. 9.3 Engine start requirements. 9.4 The impact of ambient temperature and pressure. 9.5 Operability issues. 9.6 Starting and parameter groups. 9.7 Control Strategies and parameter groups. 9.8 Starter system variants and selection. 9.9 Start and control models. Formulae. Sample calculations. References. 10 Windmilling. 10.0 Introduction. 10.1 Turbojet windmilling. 10.2 Turbofan windmilling. 10.3 Turboprop windmilling. 10.4 Industrial engine windmilling. 10.5 Marine engine windmilling. 10.6 The effect of ambient conditions. 10.7 Scaling an engine. 10.8 Windmill testing. 10.9 Windmill computer modelling. Formulae. Sample calculations. Charts. References. 11 Engine Performance Testing. 11.0 Introduction. 11.1 Types of engine test bed. 11.2 Measurements and instrumentation. 11.3 Test bed calibration. 11.4 Steady state development testing. 11.5 Transient development testing. 11.6 Application testing. 11.7 Production pass off. 11.8 Test data analysis. Formulae. Sample calculations. References. 12 The Effects of Water -- Liquid, Stream and Ice. 12.0 Introduction. 12.1 Gas properties. 12.2 Humidity. 12.3 Water injection. 12.4 Steam injection. 12.5 Condensation. 12.6 Rain and ice ingestion. 12.7 The thermodynamics of water. 12.8 Gas turbine performance modelling and test data analysis. Formulae. Sample calculations. Charts. References. 13 Fuel and Oil Properties and their Impact. 13.0 Introduction. 13.1 The combustion process and gas turbine fuel types. 13.2 Data base of key fuel properties for performance calculations. 13.3 Synthesis exchange rates for primary fuel types. 13.4 Oil types and data base of key properties. Formulae. Sample calculations. Charts. References. 14 Performance of In--service Products. 15 Performance and the Economics of Gas Turbine Engines. Appendix A: Station Numbering and Nomenclature. A.0 Introduction. A.1 International station numbering and nomenclature standards. A.2 ARP 755A station numbering. A.3 Nomenclature. A.4 Customer deck requirements. References. Appendix B: Unit Conversions. B.0 Introduction. B.1 Acceleration. B.2 Area. B.3 Density. B.4 Energy. B.5 Force. B.6 Fuel consumption. B.7 Length. B.8 Mass. B.9 Moment of inertia. B.10 Momentum -- angular. B.11 Momentum -- linear. B.12 Power. B.13 Pressure. B.14 Specific energy. B.15 Specific fuel consumption (SFC)
£99.86
Princeton University Press Aircraft Dynamics and Automatic Control
Book SynopsisAeronautical engineers concerned with the analysis of aircraft dynamics and the synthesis of aircraft flight control systems will find an indispensable tool in this analytical treatment of the subject. Approaching these two fields with the conviction that an understanding of either one can illuminate the other, the authors have summarized selected,Trade Review"Reviews in detail the aerodynamics and mathematical models for predicting longitudinal/lateral aircraft stability and control."--Aeronautical JournalTable of Contents*FrontMatter, pg. i*PREFACE, pg. v*CONTENTS, pg. ix*List of Figures, pg. xiii*LIST OF TABLES, pg. xxiii*1. Introduction and Antecedents, pg. 3*2. Mathematical Models of Linear System Elements, pg. 51*3. Feedback System Analysis, pg. 110*4. Vehicle Equations of Motion, pg. 203*5. Longitudinal Dynamics, pg. 296*6. Lateral Dynamics, pg. 353*7. Elementary Longitudinal Feedback Control, pg. 419*8. Elementary Lateral Feedback Control, pg. 458*9. Requirements, Specifications, and Testing, pg. 491*10. Inputs and System Performance Assessment, pg. 537*11. Multiloop Flight Control Systems, pg. 600*APPENDICES A. Stability Derivatives and Transfer Function Factors for Representative Aircraft, pg. 687*APPENDICES B. Elements of Probability, pg. 744*Supplementary Bibliography for Aircraft Dynamics and Automatic Control, pg. 769*INDEX, pg. 775
£92.65
The Crowood Press Making Small GasFired Boilers for Steam Models
£18.00
John Wiley & Sons Inc Spatial Error Analysis
Book SynopsisSPATIAL ERROR ANALYSIS is an all-in-one sourcebook on error measurements in one-, two-, and three-dimensional spaces. This book features exhaustive, systematic coverage of error measurement relationships, techniques, and solutions used to solve general, correlated cases. It is packed with 62 figures and 24 tables. MATLAB-based M-files* for practical applications created especially for this volume are available on the Web at ftp://ftp.mathworks.com/pub/books/hsu. Solutions to two- and three-dimensional problems are presented without relying on equal standard deviations from each channel. They also make no assumption that the random variables of interest are independent or uncorrelated. * MATLAB (developed by MathWorks, Inc.) must be purchased separately. Sponsored by: IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society.Table of ContentsPreface. List of Figures. List of Tables. Introduction. Prameter Estimation from Samples. One-Dimensional Error Analysis. Two-Dimensional Error Analysis. Three-Dimensional Error Analysis. Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Radial Error PDF. Position Location Problems. Risk Analysis. Appendix A: Probability Density Functions. Appendix B: Method of Confidence Intervals. Appendix C: Function of N Random Variables. Appendix D: GPS Dilution of Precisions. Appendix E: Listing of Author-Generated M-files. Bibliography. Index. About the Author.
£141.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Biaxial and Multiaxial Fatigue EGF 3
Book SynopsisThe 36 paper spresented in this volume were presented at the second international conference on biaxial/multiaxial fatigue.
£347.36
John Wiley & Sons Inc Analysis of Rolling Element Bearings
Book SynopsisAn introduction to the theory and design of rolling element bearings. Broadly falling into two parts, it first of all deals with the fundamental design principles involved - geometric relationships, static and dynamic loads, load distribution, stresses, deformations and lifetimes.Table of ContentsPreface. Chapter 1. Types of rolling bearings. Chapter 2. Geometric relation in rolling bearings. Chapter 3. Contact pressure and deformation. Chapter 4. Load distribution in rolling bearings. Chapter 5. Kinematics of rolling bearings. Chapter 6. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication in rolling bearings. Chapter 7. Contact fatigue. Chapter 8. Dynamic load rating and equivalent dynamic load. Cjapter 9. Statistical treatments of life experiments. Chapter 10. Static load rating of rolling bearings. Chapter 11. Life calculation of rolling bearings and their development. Chapter 12. Grease life in rolling bearings. Chapter 13. Operating performance of rolling bearings - stiffness. Chapter 14. Operating performance of rolling bearings - friction movement. Chapter 15. Optimization of design for rolling bearings. Chapter 16. Computer aided design of high speed ball bearings. Chapter 17. Computer aided design of high speed roller bearings. Index.
£215.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc The Interaction Between Geometry and Performance
Book SynopsisThe design of hydraulic machinery in general and of centrifugal pumps in particular has been essentially empirical. This text attempts to establish a rational step-by-step design procedure including the geometrical aspects of the design, to assist the designer in making appropriate design choices.Table of ContentsForeward. Nomencalture. Chapter 1. Classification of centrifugal pumps. Chapter 2. Pump losses. Chapter 3. Theoretical deviation of pump geometry associated with the maximum attainable efficiency at the design point. Chapter 4. Efficiency penalities due to departures from the optimum configuration. Chapter 5. Pump performance at off-design conditions. Chapter 6. Performance adjustments by modifications and rework of the pump on test. Appendices. References. Index.
£259.15
John Wiley & Sons Inc Mechanical Seal Practice for Improved Performance
Book SynopsisA revised edition of this guide on mechanical seal practice for improved performance. A PC disc is included in the package which covers material discussed in the section dealing with seal function and design. The disc facilitates the review of seal proposals.Table of ContentsPreface to First Edition. Preface to Second Edition. Editor's Comments. Part I. Mechanical Seal Design. Part II. Mechanical Seal Selection. Part III. Pump Considerations. Part IV. Verification of Seal Design. Part V. Practical Considerations in Using Mechanical Seals. Appendices. Index.
£117.85
John Wiley & Sons Inc Process Fan and Compressor Selection IMechE
Book SynopsisA source of information for engineers who are involved in the specification, design, manufacture, selection and procurement of fans and compressors. The book is a practical guide to the selection process and draws on hundreds of examples compiled from the experiences of plant users and designers.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. Biographical Notes. Notation. PART ONE. INTRODUCTION AND PRELIMINARY SELECTION. Chapter 1. Introduction. 1.1 The Purpose of the Guide. 1.2 The Philosophy of Selection. 1.3 Design Procedure. Chapter 2. Preliminary Choice of Fan o0r Compressor Type. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Establishing the Duty. 2.3 Preliminary Choice of Fan or Compressor Type. 2.4 Fan and Compressor Applications. 2.5 Provision of Installed Spares. 2.6 Estimate of Costs. PART TWO. TOTO-DYNAMIC MACHINES. Foreword to Roto-Dynamic Machines. Chapter 3. Fans. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Basic Data. 3.3 Margins. 3.4 Design Point. 3.5 Factors Affecting Centrifugal Fan Selection. 3.6 Axial Fans. 3.7 Control. 3.8 Selecting a Fan. 3.9 Power. 3.10 Drivers. 3.11 Casing. 3.12 Ducting. 3.13 Materials. 3.14 Noise. 3.15 Example. Chapter 4. Centrifugal Compressors. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Characteristic. 4.3 Establish Duties. 4.4 Compressor Configuration. 4.5 Essential Data. 4.6 Tip Speed. 4.7 Flow Coefficient. 4.8 Diameter and Shaft Speed. 4.9 Polytropic Index. 4.10 Total Head. 4.11 Pressure Coefficient. 4.12 Stage Head. 4.13 Number of Impellers/Casings. 4.14 Discharge Temperature. 4.15 Intercooling. 4.16 Discharge Volume. 4.17 Power. 4.18 Compressor Characteristic. 4.19 Anti-surge. 4.20 Rotating Stall. 4.21 Control. 4.22 Operation. 4.23 Rotor Dynamics. 4.24 Shafts. 4.25 Impellers. 4.26 Seals. 4.27 Bearings. 4.28 Axial Unbalance and Bearings. 4.29 Casings. 4.30 Vessels. 4.31 Instrumentation. 4.32 Safety and Availability. 4.33 Couplings. 4.34 Layout. 4.35 Drivers. 4.36 Example. Chapter 5. Axial Compressors. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Characteristic. 5.3 Establish Duty. 5.4 Design of Axial Stage. 5.5 Essential Data. 5.6 Arrangement. 5.7 Sizing. 5.8 Control. 5.9 Surging. 5.10 Casing. 5.11 Overall Dimensions. 5.12 Drivers. 5.13 Example. PART THREE. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES. Chapter 6. Reciprocating Compressors. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 General Description. 6.3 Basic Process Data. 6.4 Number of Compressors. 6.5 Basic Design. 6.6 Throughput Control. 6.7 Number of Stages—Control Included. 6.8 Configuration. 6.9 Mean Piston Speed. 6.10 Frame Size. 6.11 Cylinder Design. 6.12 Volumetric Efficiency. 6.13 Piston Diameter. 6.14 Number of Cylinder Per Stage. 6.15 Compressor Valves. 6.16 Bearings and Lubrication. 6.17 Piston and Rider Rings. 6.18 Piston Glands. 6.19 Crankcase. 6.20 Materials. 6.21 Vessels. 6.22 Instrumentation. 6.23 Layout. 6.24 Noise. 6.25 Safety. 6.26 Drivers. 6.27 Other Considerations. 6.28 Operation. 6.29 Other Types of Reciprocating Compressors. 6.30 Example. Chapter 7. Twin Screw Compressors—General. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Operation. 7.3 Range and Capacity. 7.4 Pressure. 7.5 Volume Ratio. 7.6 Design Details. Chapter 8. Oil-Free Twin Screw Compressors. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Application. 8.3 Staging. 8.4 Clearances. 8.5 Discharge Temperature (t2). 8.6 Selecting the Right Size. 8.7 Control Requirements. 8.8 Power. 8.9 Temperature. 8.10 Noise. 8.11 Noise Attenuation. 8.12 Layout. 8.13 Gas Contamination. Chapter 9. Oil-Injected Twin Screw Compressors. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Application. 9.3 Staging. 9.4 Clearances. 9.5 Discharge Temperature (td). 9.6 Selecting the Right Size. 9.7 Control. 9.8 Economiser. 9.9 Mechanical Details. 9.10 Compound Two-Stage Compressors. 9.11 Contamination. 9.12 Noise. 9.13 Compressor Module Layout. 9.14 Compressor Module Scope of Supply. 9.15 Lubricants. 9.16 Oil Carryover. 9.17 Oil-from-gas Separation. Chapter 10. Positive Displacement Blowers. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Operation. 10.3 Application. 10.4 Range. 10.5 Swept Volume. 10.3 Efficiencies. 10.7 Tip Speed. 10.8 Pressure Rating. 10.9 Clearances. 10.10 Discharge Temperature. 10.11 Control. 10.12 Power. 10.13 Scope of Supply. 10.14 Materials of Construction. 10.15 Gas Contamination. Chapter 11. Rotary, Sliding Vane Compressors. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Operation. 11.3 Applications. 11.4 Built in Volume-ratio. 11.5 Pressure Ratio. 11.6 Discharge Temperature. 11.7 Swept Volume. 11.8 Discharge Pressure Rating. 11.9 Rotor Tip Speed. 11.10 Vane Compressor Package. 11.11 Materials of Construction. 11.12 Gas Contamination. PART FOUR. COMMON FEATURES. Chapter 12. Drivers and Transmissions. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Factors Influencing Driver Selection. 12.3 Motors. 12.4 Steam Turbines. 12.5 Gas Turbines. 12.6 Engines. 12.7 Gas Expanders. 12.8 Driver Specification. 12.9 Gearbox Selection. 12.10 Shaft Coupling Characteristics. Chapter 13. Lubrication. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Duty. 13.3 Oil Unit. 13.4 Oil. Chapter 14. Seals for Rotary Machines. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Labyrinth Seals. 14.3 Positive Seals. 14.4 Other Seals. Chapter 15. Inspection and Testing. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Design Audit. 15.3 Inspection. 15.4 Mechanical Test. 15.5 Performance Test. 15.6 String Test. 15.7 Recommendation. Chapter 16. Containment Safety. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Gas Containment. 16.3 Parts Containment. 16.4 Monitoring. Appendix I. Mechanical Data Sheets. Appendix II. Properties of Gas Mixtures. Bibliography. Index.
£154.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc The Reliability of Mechanical Systems IMechE
Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is to remove the mystique surrounding reliability engineering techniques. It provides practical guidance to the practising engineer who may have a general knowledge of the concepts of reliability, but who lacks a sufficiently precise understanding of the language concerned.Table of ContentsPart One: The philosophy, principles, and concepts of reliability engineering The concept of mechanical reliability; Operational and cost implications; Summary. Part Two: Analysis of in-service reliability experience Analysis of in-service experience for mechanical components; Analysis of in-service experience for repairable systems Part Three: A basic approach to reliability assessment for mechanical process systems Uses of reliability assessment; The analysis of simple systems; Active parallel systems with partial redundancy and systems with standby units Part Four: Techniques for process plant reliability assessment Reliability prediction; Fault Tree Analysis; Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA); Complex systems: some further methods of analysis Part Five: Collection and processing of reliability data Introduction to data collection; Data requirements and reliability parameters; Reliability data collection systems Part Six: Case Studies.
£115.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc High Temperature Lubrication
Book SynopsisBased on a study of lubrications at high temperature, this book aims to provide, in a simple form which can be understood by non-specialists, information which is of value to engineers faced with the problems of lubrication at high temperature.Table of ContentsForeword. Chapter One: Introduction. Chapter Two: Factors Affecting High Temperature Lubrication. Chapter Three: Viscosity. Chapter Four: Thermal Degradation. Chapter Five: Oxidation. Chapter Six: Effects of Heat on Boundary Lubrication. Chapter Seven: Liquid Lubricants. Chapter Eight: Greases and Pastes. Chapter Nine: Solid Lubricants and Composites. Chapter Ten: Advanced Lubrication Techniques. Chapter Eleven: Lubrication of Ceramics. Chapter Twelve: Automotive Lubrication. Chapter Thirteen: Selection of Lubricants. Bibliography. Index.
£107.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Emerging Techniques in Drag Reduction
Book SynopsisDrag reduction is a field of study in many engineering disciplines, and its aim is to reduce the fluid-mechanical forces exerted in an object in order to improve its mechanical and/or fuel efficiency. This book provides a guide to the current state-of-the-art in this area of engineering.Table of ContentsReviews on emerging techniques: riblets - main known and unknown features, E. Coustols; riblets and other methods of controlling near-wall turbulence, A. Pollard; turbulent drag reduction strategies. Riblets and LEBUs: effects of riblets on the growth of laminar and turbulent boundary layers, P. Luchini; near-wall flow structure in a low Reynolds number turbulent boundary layer over misaligned riblets, Y.P. Tang and D.G. Clark; study of the influence of external manipulators on the near-wall turbulence structure using wall-pressure fluctuations, J.A. Astolfi and B.E. Forestier. Compliant walls and polymer additives: improved optimization of compliant walls for transition delay, A.D. Lucey, A.E. Dixon and P.W. Carpenter; analysis of four types of viscoelastic coating for turbulent drag reduction, B.N. Semenov; the measurement of dynamic properties of viscoelastic materials for turbulent drag reduction, V.M. Kulik and B.N. Semenov; degradation effects of dilute polymer solutions on turbulent drag reduction in pipe flows, J.M.J. den Toonder, A.A. Draad, G.D.C. Kuiken and F.T.M. Nieuwstadt. New approaches: the feasibility of using passive porous walls for drag reduction, P.W. Carpenter; variation of skin friction for a turbulent boundary layer interacting with the controlled longitudinal vortex arrays, H. Osaka and C. Fukushima; reduction of parasitic effects related to the turbulent boundary layer on the fuselage using slot suction, E. Merigaud, G. Pailhas, F. Anselmet, J. Cousteix and L. Fulachier. Aircraft applications: HLFC for commercial aircraft - ELFIN 1 results on boundary layer suction, H. Bieler; improvement of aerodynamic characteristics by means of turbulence management - a Fokker view, D.F. Volkers and J. van Hengst; effect of lip configuration on the drag of a circular cavity, E. Savory, N. Toy and L. Gaudet.
£265.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc Economic Management of Physical Assets
Book SynopsisDeals with the science of terotechnology. The book examines how an organization copes with physical assets, how it assesses their value, how it determines their life, and how it deals with maintenance or replacement. And how does it do all of this in the most cost-effective manner?Table of ContentsOrganizations and beneficiaries; sources of assets; types of organization and management principles; life; composition of the asset; economic evaluations; life cycle costing; suppliers; contributors and involvement; effect on working practices; the nature of projects; performance specification for the asset; design of the product; the acquisition of the asset; operational aspects; maintenance aspects; disposal activities.
£111.56
£176.40
ASM International Engineered Materials Handbook Adhesives and Sealants Volume III
£175.50
ASM International Engineered Materials Hdbk Ceramics and Glasses Volume IV Engineered materials handbook
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£175.50
ASM International Engineered Materials Handbook Desk Edition
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£220.00
John Wiley & Sons Inc Alumina as a Ceramic Material
Book SynopsisThis classic review of alumina, covering every aspect of the material from mineral structure and composition to inherent properties, offers a myriad of applications. This book is a timeless reference for anyone involved in the research, application, or sale of this versatile ceramic material. .Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION. NOMENCLATURE. PREPARATION OF ALUMINA PHASES. Bauxite. Preparation of Bayer Alumina. Wet Alkaline Processes. Wet Acid Processes. Furnace Processes. Carbothermic Processes. Electrolytic Processes. Amorphous and Gel Aluminas. Preparation of the Alumina Trihydroxides. Gibbsite. Bayerite. Nordstrandite, Bayerite II, Randomite. Preparation of the Alumina Monohydroxides. Boehmite. Disapore. Transition Aluminas. Dehydration Mechanism. Sequence of Transition. Phases Formed on Aluminum. Rehydration. Alpha Alumina. Preparation. Factors Affecting Alumina Transitions. Special Ceramic Aluminas. Beta and Zeta Aluminas. Suboxides and Gaseous Phases. STRUCTURE AND MINERALOGICAL PROPERTIES. Structure of the Alumina Phases. Pseudomorphosis. Surface Area of Alumina. Porosity. Sorptive Capacity. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINA. General Considerations. Bending, Compressive, Tensile, and Torsional Strength. Impact Strength. Moduli of Elasticity (E), and Rigidity (G). Poisson's Ration (ì). Creep Characteristics. Thermal Shock. Internal Friction. Fatigue. Hardness and Abrasiveness of Alumina THERMAL PROPERTIES. Thermophysical and Thermochemical Constants. Specific Heat. Thermal Expansion. Thermal Conductivity. Thermal Diffusivity SONIC EFFECTS IN ALUMINA. Velocity of Sound in Alumina. Ultrasonic Absorption. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINA. Introduction. Electrical Conductivity of Alumina. Dielectric Constant and Loss Factor of Alumina. Dielectric Strength MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF ALUMINA. Magnet Susceptibility. Magnetic Resonance of Alumina. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINA. Refractive Index of Alumina. Transmission, Emissivity, and Absorption of Alumina. Phosphorescence, Fluorescence, and Thermoluminescence. Optical Spectra of Alumina. Color in Alumina. Chromia-Alumina System, Laser Applications RADIATION AND ALUMINA. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINA. Wet Chemical Reactions of Sintered Alumina. Reaction of the Chemical Elements with Alumina. Slagging Effects. Ash Slags. Slags Containing Sulfates. Steel Furnace Slags. Glass Furnace Reactions. Calcium Aluminate Slags. Aluminum Slag Reactions. Miscellaneous Reactions COLLOIDAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINA. Plasticity. Surface Charge and Zeta Potential of Alumina. Flocculation and Deflocculation Effects. Additives GRINDING CERAMIC ALUMINA. FORMING ALUMINA CERAMICS. Cold Forming of Alumina. Hot-Pressing. Miscellaneous Forming Methods SINTERING. Introduction. Sintering Atmospheres. Sintering Additives ALUMINA IN REFRACTORIES. General. High-Alumina Refractories. Fused Cast Alumina Refractories. Clay-Bonded Alumina Refractories, Mullite Refractories. Spinel, Cordierite, Alumina-Chromite. Refractory Equipment. Refractories for Aluminum and Other Nonferrous Uses. Lightweight Alumina Refractories. Binders for Alumina Refractories ALUMINA AS AN ABRASIVE MATERIAL. Introduction. Loose Grain Abrasive. Grinding Wheels. Ceramic Tools ELECTRICAL APPLICATIONS. Spark Plug Insulators. Electron Tube Elements, High-Frequency Insulation. Alumina Porcelain Insulation. Resistors and Semiconductors CEMENT. Calcium Aluminate Cement. Barium Aluminates ALUMINA IN GLASS. Introduction. Bottle Glass. Devitrified Glasses Containing Alumina. Boron Glasses. Lithium Glasses, Phosphate Glasses. Optical Glasses ALUMINA IN COATINGS. Introduction. Anodic Coatings on Aluminum. Glazes and Enamels. Flame-Sprayed Coatings. Painted, Cast, or Troweled Coatings. Electrolytic Coatings. Evaporated Coatings. Dip Coatings, Cementation Coatings. Coatings on Alumina and Other Ceramic Bases. Alumina Coatings for Electrical Insulation. Alumina Coatings by Sputtering ALUMINA IN CERMETS AND POWDER METALLURGY. Introduction. Chromium-Alumina Cermets. (Iron, Nickel, Cobalt)-Alumina Cermets. Aluminum-Alumina Alloys. Miscellaneous Cermets ALUMINA IN AIRBORNE CERAMICS. Introduction. Gas-Turbine Accessories. Radomes and Rocket Equipment. SEALS, METALLIZING, WELDING. FIBERS, WHISKERS, FILAMENTS. Introduction. Alumina Fibers. Glass Fibers MISCELLANEOUS CERAMIC APPLICATIONS OF ALUMINA. References.
£58.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc Chemistry of Glass
Book SynopsisThis book, originally published in 1979, was derived from courses offered at the Friedrich-Schiller University in Jena, Germany. The American Ceramic Society republished this text in 1985, adding more than 100 new figures and references to demonstrate recent advances in glass technology.Table of ContentsHistorical Development of Glass Chemistry. Freezing of a Melt to a Vitreous Solid. Structural Elements of Silicates. Classical Theories of Glass Structure. Methodology in Glass Research. Microphase Separation. Structure and Properties of Colorless Glasses. Structure and Properties of Colored Glasses. Crystallization of Glasses. Strength of Glass. Interaction Between High-Energy Radiation and Glass. Survey of the Physical Basis of Some Glass Properties.
£99.86
John Wiley & Sons Inc Ceramic Interconnect and Ceramic Microsystems
Book SynopsisThis proceedings collection on CD-ROM is from the 1st International Conference and Exhibition on Ceramic Interconnect and Ceramic Microsystems Technologies (CICMT)held in April, 2005. This is a must-have resource for anyone involved in the Microelectronics field.Table of ContentsKEYNOTE PRESENTATIONS. Present and Future Challenges in Multilayer Ceramic Devices (C.A. Randall, G. Yang, E. Dickey, R. Eitel, E. Semouchkina, G. Semouchkina, A. Baker, M.T. Lanagan, S. Rhee). Current and Future Directions for Ceramic Interconnect (C. Hoffmann, S. Brunner, M. Noren). Materials Process and Manufacturing: Current and Future Directions (A. Roosen). MATERIALS SOLUTION FOR MICROSYSTEMS. On-Board Fiber Alignment in LTCC Optoelectronic Packages (R. Eitel, A. Baker, J. Agraz, M. Lanagan, K. Uchino, C. Randall). Photosensitive Dielectric Paste for Micro-Patterning Technology in LTCC System (H.T. Kim, K.W. Kang, J.-H. Nam, D.H. Yeo, K.J. Kim, J. Kim, T. Masaki). Micro Channel Fabrication in LTCC Substrate (W. Kinzy Jones, S. Kappagantula, J. Wang). Development and Evaluation of Hermetic Ceramic Microwave Packages for Space Applications (J. Mueller, J. Pohlner, D. Schwanke, G. Reppe, H. Thust, R. Perrone). COFIRING PROCESSES. Cofiring of Mixed LTCC Dielectric Laminates (J.-H. Jean, J.-C. Chang, S.-C. Lin). Modeling to Understand, Predict, and Control LTCC Tape Shrinkage and Density During Firing (K. Ewsuk, M. Reiterer, J. Arguello, C. DiAntonio). Densification and Crystallization of DuPont 943 Tape During Firing (K. Ewsuk, M. Reiterer, T. Garino). MICROSYSTEM MATERIALS & INTEGRATION. Integration Concepts for the Fabrication of LTCC Structures (A. Baker, M. Lanagan, C. Randall, E. Semouchkina, G. Semouchkina, K.Z. Rajab, R. Mittra, R. Eitel, S. Rhee, P. Geggler, G. Fuhr). Development and Processing of an Anodic Bondable LTCC Tape (E. Müller, T. Bartnitzek, F. Bechtold, B. Pawlowski, P. Rothe, R. Ehrt, A. Heymel, E. Weiland, T. Schroter, S. Schundau, K. Kaschlik). Fabrication of LTCC Micro-Fludic Devices Using Sacrificial Carbon Layers (H. Birol, T. Maeder, C. Jacq, G. Corradini, R. Passerini, Y. Fourneir, S. Straessler, P. Ryser). LTCC Phase Shifter Modules for RF-MEMS-Switch Integration (T. Bartnitzek, E. Müller, R. van Dijk). DIMENSIONAL CONTROL IN LTCC SYSTEMS Zero Shrinkage of LTCC by Self-Constrained Sintering (T. Rabe, W.A. Schiller, T. Hochheimer, C. Modes, A. Kipka). Self-Constrained Sintering LTCC - A Reliable Solution for Automotive Electronic Application (A. Kipka, C. Modes, Q. Reynolds, M. Neidert, S. Malkmus, F. Gora). Via Fill for Zero X-Y Shrink LTCC Tapes (W. Zhang, D. Malanga, T. Hochheimer, P. Bokalo). Novel Self-Constrained Sintered Composites of Dielectric and Ferrite LTCC Tapes for Microwave Applications (M. Hagymasi, A. Roosen, R. Karmazin, S. Walter, A. Naeini, R. Matz). KEYNOTE PRESENTATION. Ceramic Microstructure for Automotive Applications (G. Schneider) CERAMIC MICROSYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS I. Progress in MEMS and Micro Systems Research (C. Liu). Miniaturized Sensor Elements Based on LTCC Technology for Automotive and Airborne Applications (U. Schmid, H. Seidel, T. Becker). LTCC Sensors for Environmental Monitoring System (M.R. Gongora-Rubio, S.T. Kofuji, A.C. Seabra, E. Del Moral Hernandez, E.W. Simões, P.B. Verdonck, M.B.A. Fontes). PROCESSING INTEGRATED PASSIVES IN LTCC. Post-Thermal Heat Treatment for Adjusting Buried Resistor Values in DuPont 943TM LTCC (D.S. Krueger, E. Parker, G. Barner, H. Morgenstern, F. Uribe, S. Reed). Magnetic Thin Film Technologies for Integrated Passives (K.-K. Choi, S. Sato, R. Chen, N. Mellen). Characterization of Dried Thick-Film Resistors (K. Krueger). Methods to Improve Yield and Efficiency in Laser Trim of Embedded Components (D. Hague). CERAMIC MICROSYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS II. Novel Microsystem Applications with New Techniques in LTCC (K.A. Peterson, K.D. Patel, C.K. Ho, S.B. Rohde, C.D. Nordquist, C.A. Walker, B.W. Wroblewski, M. Okandan). Preparation of Polymeric Microspheres by an Emulsification/Solvent Diffusion Process Employing LTCC Microfluidic Structures (M.R. Gongora-Rubio, M.Rodrigues da Cunha, A. Penido de Oliveira Costa). Development of a Monopropellant Micro-Nozzle in Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic Tape (D.G. Plumee, J. Steciak, A.J. Moll). MATERIALS INTEGRATION IN LTCC. Low Sintering Ni-Cu-Zn-Ferrite Tapes for LTCC Integrated Inductors (S. Barth, F. Bechtold, E. Müller, J. Mürbe, J. Töpfer). Micron Scale Conductors and Integrated Passives in LTCC's (Electrophoretic Deposition by J.J. Van Tassel, C.A. Randall). Bulk Materials in LTCC Multilayers (M. Hintz, R. Perrone, H. Thust). KEYNOTE PRESENTATION. Integrated Design and Simulation Tools for Microsystems Packaging: Current Capabilities and Future Needs (M. Desmulliez). DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF CERAMIC MICROSYSTEMS AND DEVICES. Modular Micro Reaction System Including Ceramic Components (T. Moritz, R. Lenk, J. Adler, M. Zins). Ceramics in Microtechnology - Materials, Processing, Design (H.J. Ritzhaupt-Kleissl, J. Hauβelt, R. Ruprecht). Integrated Design and Simulation Tools for Microfluidic Systems (S. Krishnamoorthy, A.S. Bedekar, J.J. Feng, S. Sundaram). Fabrication of Microfluidic Oscillators by Laser Milling in Sintered LTCC and Quartz Substrates (R. Furlan, M. Perez Tolentino, I. Ramos, J.J. Santiago-Aviles). DESIGN, SIMULATION AND MODELING. Material Selection for Ceramic T/R Module Packages (R. Yamada, A. Piloto, E. Graddy, G. Aguirre, M. Eblen, A. Knudsen). Designing with LTCC in High Frequency Applications (T.P. Mobley, D.I. Amey). High-Performance Co-Planar Ferrite Inductors for RF Applications (M.D. Phillips, R.K. Settaluri). Novel Crosstalk Suppression Schemes Employing Magnetic Thin Films (A. Sligar, R.K. Settaluri, C.-H. Chang). CERAMIC MICROSYSTEMS AND DEVICES. LTCC Microfludic System (L.J. Golonka, T. Zawada, J. Radojewski, H. Roguszczak, M. Stefanow). Meso-Scale Remote Plasma Generator Using LTCC Technology (R.K. Yamamoto, P.B. Verdonck, M.R. Gongora-Rubio). Mini- and Micro-Channel Devices in LTCC (A.J. Moll, J. Youngsman, D.G. Plumlee, M. Schimpf). Processing of Ceramic Micro Parts via Low-Pressure Injection Molding (M. Müller, W. Bauer, H.J. Ritzhaupt-Kleissl). CHARACTERIZING MATERIALS INTEGRATION EFFECTS. Characterization of Dielectrics and Conductors for Ceramic Microsystems at Microwave Frequency (M. Lanagan, L. Haney, S. Perini, K. Rajab, E. Semouchkina). Materials Compatibility Issues in LTCC Technology and Their Effects on Structure and Electrical Properties (H. Birol, T. Maeder, P. Ryser). Sintering Behavior of a LTCC Material and Influence of Silver on the Sintering Behavior (D. Tramosljika, J. Schaefer, C. Rixecker, F. Aldinger). Interfacial Reaction Between Silver Electrode and La-Si-B-O-Mullite Glass Ceramics (Y.-J. Wang, W.-C.J. Wei). KEYNOTE PRESENTATION. Next-Generation Microsystems: Integration Technologies and Opportunities for Ceramics (D. Dimos). CERAMICS: THE MICROSYSTEM DEVICE ENABLER. LTCC Wet Chemical Analysis Meso-Systems (N. Ibáñez-Garcia, J.A. Chamarro, Z. Mendes Rocha, M.R. Gongora-Rubio). Development of Microfluidic Devices Using LTCC Substrates (R.E. Bruzetti Leminski, E.W. Simões, R. Furlan, M.R. Gongora-Rubio, Z. Mendes da Rocha, M. Rodrigues da Cunha, N.I. Morimoto, I. Ramos, J.J. Santiago-Aviles). Hot-Plate Gas Sensors - Are Ceramics Better? (J. Kita, F. Rettig, R. Moos, K.-H. Drüe, H. Thust). A Comparative Study of the Technology and Architecture for Actuators Realized with PZT Layers in LTCC Structures (D. Belavic, M. Santo Zarnik, M. Hrovat, J. Holc, M. Kosec, B. Malic, S. Drnovsek, J. Cilensek). INK JET PRINTING TECHNOLOGY Ink Jet Printing of PZT (B. Derby, T. Wang). DoD-Printing of Conductive Silver Tracks (D. Cibis, K. Krueger ). MICROSYSTEM MATERIALS AND FABRICATION. Via Formation in LTCC Tape: A Comparison of Technologies (K.-J. Wolter, L. Rebenklau, G. Hagen). Direct-Write Laser Exposure of Photosensitive Conductive Inks Using Shaped-Beam Optics (S. Corbett, J. Strole, E. Swenson, W. Lu). High-Volume Print Forming, HVPFTM - A New Method for Manufacturing Large Volumes of Complex Metal-Ceramic and Hybrid Components (A.L. Chait). Cold Low Pressure Lamination of Ceramic Green Tapes (A. Roosen, K. Schindler).
£302.40
John Wiley & Sons Inc Failure Analysis of Brittle Materials Volume 28
Book SynopsisFractures are discussed theoretically and practically. This book represents a conscious effort on the part of the author to detail the life of a crack, from its inception, through its growth, to its culmination. The author is careful to define all key terms within the text, making this book an excellent reference for anyone working with brittle materials.Table of ContentsInitiation and Development of Brittle Failure. Fundamental Markings on Crack Surfaces. Pattern of Forking. Seeds of Failure. Estimation of Stress at Failure. Effects at Inclusions. Anisotropic Materials. Procedures and Techniques. Common Conditions of Failure. Examples in Practice (Case Studies of Ffracture in Consumer Products).
£105.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable
Book SynopsisThis useful, one-stop resource for understanding the most important issues in materials challenges in alternative and renewable energy. The logically organized and carefully selected articles give insight into materials challenges in alternative renewable energy and incorporate the latest developments related to materials challenges in alternative renewable energy, including hydrogen, batteries and energy storage materials, hydropower, and biomass.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. HYDROGEN. Hydrogen Storage Technologies—A Tutorial with Perspectives from the US National Program (Ned T. Stetson and Larry S. Blair). Structural Study and Hydrogen Sorption Kinetics of Ball-Milled Mg-10 wt% Ni Alloy Catalysed by Nb (Sima Aminorroaya, Abbas Ranjbar, Younghee Cho, Hua Liu, and Arne Dahle). Mechanical Processing—Experimental Tool or New Chemistry? (Viktor P. Balema). Production of Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide from Water and Carbon Dioxide through Metal Oxide Thermochemical Cycles (Eric N. Coker, Andrea Ambrosini, Mark A. Rodriguez, Terry J. Garino, and James E. Miller). Ultrasmall Angle X-Ray Scattering (USAXS) Studies of Morphological Changes in NaAlH4 (Shathabish Narase Gowda, Scott A. Gold, Jan llavsky, and Tabbetha A. Dobbins). Carbon Building Materials from Coal Char: Durable Materials for Solid Carbon Sequestration to Enable Hydrogen Production by Coal Pyrolysis (John W. Halloran and Zuimdie Guerra). Thermal Decomposition of t-Butylamine Borane Studied by In Situ Solid State NMR (Jordan Feigerle, Norm Smyrl, Jonathan Morrell, and Ashley C. Stowe). The Performances of Ceramic Based Membranes for Fuel Cells (Uma Thanganathan, and Masayuki Nogami). Microcrack Resistant Polymers Enabling Lightweight Composite Hydrogen Storage Vessels (Kaushik Mallick, John Cronin, Paul Fabian, and Mike Tupper). A Study of the Thermodynamic Destabilization of Sodium Aluminum Hydride (NaAlH4) with Titanium Nitride (TiN) using X-ray Diffraction and Residual Gas Analysis (Whitney Fisher Ukpai and Tabbetha A. Dobbins). BATTERIES AND ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS. Rapid Synthesis of Electrode Materials (Li4Ti5O12 and LiFePO4) for Lithium Ion Batteries through Microwave Enhanced Processing Techniques (K. Cherlan, M. Kirksey, A. Kasik, M. Armenta, X. Sun and S. K. Dey). Lithium Storage Characteristics in Nano-Graphene Platelets (S. L. Cheekati, Y. Xing, Y. Zhuang, and H. Huang). In-Situ Impedance Spectroscopy of LiMn1.5Ni0.4Cr0.1O4 Cathode Material (Kahna Asmar, Rahul Singhal, Rajesh K. Katiyar, Ram S. Katiyar, Andrea Sakla, and A. Manivannan). Cu2(ZnxSn2-x)(SySe1-y)4 Monograin Materials for Photovoltaics (E. Mellikov, M. Altosaar, J. Raudoja, K. Timmo, O. Volobujeva, M. Kauk, J. Krustok, T. Varema, M. Grossberg, M. Danilson, K. Muska, K. Emits, F. Lehner, and D. Meissner). Determination of the Diffusion Coefficient of Lithium Ions in Graphite Coated with Polymer-Derived SiCN Ceramic (Andrzej P. Nowak, Magdalena Graczyk-Zajac, and Ralf Riedel). Nano-Aggregate Synthesis by Gas Condensation in a Magnetron Source for Efficient Energy Conversion Devices (E. Pauliac-Vaujour, E. Quesnel, V. Muffato, O. Sicardy, N. Guillet, R. Bouchmila, P. Fugier, H. Okuno, and L. Guetaz) Modeling Nanoparticle Synthesis by Gas Condensation in a Nanocluster Source for Applications in Photovoltaic and Hydrogen Fuel Cells (E. Pauliac-Vaujour, E. Quesnel, and V. Muffato). Carbon Encapsulated-Iron Lithium Fluoride Nanocomposite as High Cyclic Stability Cathode Material in Lithium Batteries (Raju Prakash, Christian Kübel, and Maximilian Fichtner). The Ortho-Phosphate Arrojadite as a New Material for Cathodes in Li-Ion Batteries (C. Kallfaß, C. Hoch and H. Schier, Wituchowski, O. Görke, and H. Schubert). SOLAR. A Novel Purification Method for Production of Solar Grade Silicon (Shaghayegh Esfahani and Mansoor Barati). Metallurgical Refining of Silicon for Solar Applications by Slagging of Impurity Elements (M. D. Johnston and M. Barati). Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: Heat Exchanger Evaluation and Selection (Manuel A.J. Laboy, Orlando E. Ruiz, and José A. Martí). Synthesis of Solar-Grade Silicon from Rice Husk Ash—An Integrated Process (K. K. Larbi, M. Barati, A. McLean, and R. Roy). Suitability of Pyrolytic Boron Nitride, Hot Pressed Boron Nitride, and Pyrolytic Graphite for CIGS Processes (John T. Mariner). Materials Selection and Processing for Lunar Based Space Solar Power (Peter J. Schubert). Cu2ZnSnSe4 Thin Films Produced by Selenization of Cu-Zn-Sn Composition Precursor Films (O. Volobujeva, E. Mellikov, S. Bereznev, J. Raudoja, A. Opik, and T. Raadik). HYDROPOWER. Martensitic Stainless Steel 0Cr13Ni4Mo for Hydraulic Runner (D. Z. Li, Y. Y. Li, P. Wang, and S. P. Lu). Advanced Composite Materials for Tidal Turbine Blades (Mike Hülse, John Cronin, and Mike Tupper). NUCLEAR. Immobilization of Tc in a Metallic Waste Form (W. L. Ebert, J. C. Cunnane, S. M. Frank, and M. J. Williamson). Development of Iodine Waste Forms using Low-Temperature Sintering Glass (Terry J. Garino, Tina M. Nenoff, James L. Krumhansl, and David Rademacher). WIND. Nanostrength Block Copolymers for Wind Energy (Robert Barsotti, John Chen, and Alexandre Alu). Development of Multifunctional Nanocomposite Coatings for Wind Turbine Blades (Fei Liang, Yong Tang, Jihua Gou, and Jay Kapat). BIOMASS. Volatility of Inorganics during the Gasification of Dried Sludge (C. Bourgel, J. Poirier, F. Defoort, J-M Seiler, and C. Peregrina). Catalysts and Sorbents for Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Renewable Biofuels—Material Development Needs (Singfoong Cheah, Stefan Czernik, Robert M. Baldwin, Kimberly A. Magrlni-Bair, and Jesse E. Hensley). Material Characterization and Analysis for Selection of Refractories used in Black Liquor Gasification (James G. Hemrick and James R. Keiser, and Roberta A. Peascoe-Meisner). Addressing the Materials Challenges in Converting Biomass to Energy (Cynthia Powell, James Bennett, Bryan Morreale, and Todd Gardner). GEOTHERMAL. Experience with the Development of Advanced Materials for Geothermal Systems (Toshifumi Sugama, Thomas Butcher, and Lynne Ecker). Novel High-Temperature Materials Enabling Operation of Equipment in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (Matthew W. Hooker, Craig S. Hazelton, Kimiko S. Kano, Larry G. Adams, Michael L. Tupper, and Steven Breit). Author Index.
£116.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Atmospheric Pressure Plasma for Surface
Book SynopsisThis Book s focus and intent is to impart an understanding of the practical application of atmospheric plasma for the advancement of a wide range of current and emerging technologies.Trade Review“This book is recommended to anyone who wishes to acquire the practical and applied aspects of APP technology.” (Surface Innovations, 1 March 2013)Table of ContentsPreface xi 1. Plasma – The Fourth State of Matter 1 1.1 Fundamentals of Plasmas 1 1.2 Thermal vs. Nonthermal Plasmas 6 1.3 Mechanisms for Surfaces Reactions 22 2. Plasmas for Surface Modification 27 2.1 Low-Pressure Plasmas 28 2.2 Microwave Systems 31 2.3 Physical Vapor Deposition Systems 33 2.4 Atmospheric Plasma Systems 42 2.5 Atmospheric Plasma Precursor Deposition Systems 51 3. Atmospheric Plasma Surface Modification Effects 55 3.1 Surface Cleaning 56 3.2 Surface Etching 63 3.3 Surface Functionalization 66 3.4 Grafting and Surface Polymerization Effects 75 4. Characterization Methods of Atmospheric Plasma Surface Modifications 81 4.1 Surface Characterization Techniques 81 4.2 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 82 4.3 Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry by Time-of-Flight (TOF-SIMS) 86 4.4 Atomic Force Microscopy 89 4.5 Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM) 97 4.7 Visual Methodologies 98 5. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Roll-to-Roll Polymeric Surfaces 109 5.1 Material Classifications and Applications 110 5.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 116 5.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 117 6. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Three-Dimensional Polymeric Surfaces 121 6.1 Material Classifications and Applications 125 6.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 129 6.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 135 7. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Textile Surfaces 139 7.1 Material Classifications and Applications 141 7.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 145 7.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 151 8. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Paper Surfaces 155 8.1 Material Classifications and Applications 157 8.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 162 8.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 164 9. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Metal Surfaces 167 9.1 Material Classifications and Applications 168 9.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 173 9.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 177 10. Atmospheric Plasma Surface Antimicrobial Effects 181 10.1 Antimicrobial Surface Effects 183 10.2 Inactivation and Sterilization Methods – Medical 187 10.3 Inactivation and Sterilization Methods – Food 189 11. Economic and Ecological Considerations 195 11.1 Operating Cost Comparison of Atmospheric Plasma Systems 196 11.2 Environmental/Sustainable Advantages 201 12. Emerging and Future Atmospheric Plasma Applications 205 12.1 Solar and Other Alternative Energy Systems 205 12.2 Energy Storage Technologies 211 12.3 Aviation and Aerospace Applications 215 12.4 Electronic Device Fabrication 216 12.5 Air Purification Applications 220 12.6 Medical Engineering 221 13. Economic and Environmental Assessment 225 13.1 Goal and Scope 226 13.2 Functional Units 227 13.3 System Boundaries 230 13.4 Data Documentation 232 13.5 Lifecycle Interpretation 233
£162.40
John Wiley & Sons Inc Medical Coatings and Deposition Technologies
Book SynopsisMedical Coatings and Deposition Technologies is an important new addition to the libraries of medical device designers and manufacturers. Coatings enable the properties of the surface of a device to be controlled independently from the underlying bulk properties; they are often critical to the performance of the device and their use is rapidly growing. This book provides an introduction to many of the most important types of coatings used on modern medical devices as well as descriptions of the techniques by which they are applied and methods for testing their efficacy. Developers of new medical devices and those responsible for producing them will find it an important reference when deciding if a particular functionality can be provided by a coating and what limitations may apply in a given application. Written as a practical guide and containing many specific coating examples and a large number of references for further reading, the book will also be useful to students in materials science & engineering with an interest in medical devices. Chapters on antimicrobial coatings as well as coatings for biocompatibility, drug delivery, radiopacity and hardness are supported by chapters describing key liquid coating processes, plasma-based processes and chemical vapor deposition. Many types of coatings can be applied by more than one technique and the reader will learn the tradeoffs given the relevant design, manufacturing and economic constraints. The chapter on regulatory considerations provides important perspectives regarding the marketing of these coatings and medical devices.Table of ContentsPreface xxi Part 1 Introduction 1 1 Historical Perspectives on Biomedical Coatings in Medical Devices 3 M. Hendriks and P.T. Cahalan 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Improving Physical Properties of Biomaterials: Hydrophilic, Lubricious Coatings 7 1.3 Modulating Host-Biomaterial Interactions: Biologically Active Coatings 7 1.4 Bioinert Coatings Redressed: Nonfouling Coatings 15 1.5 Future Biomedical Coatings 16 References 18 Part 2 Coating Applications 27 2 Antimicrobial Coatings and Other Surface Modifications for Infection Prevention 29 Marc W. Mittelman and Nimisha Mukherjee 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Genesis of Device-Related Infections 35 2.3 Antimicrobial Coatings 38 2.4 Non-Eluting Antimicrobial Surfaces 49 2.5 Coating and Surface Modification Technologies 53 2.6 Regulatory Considerations 57 2.7 Future Challenges 58 References 61 3 Drug Delivery Coatings for Coronary Stents 75 Shrirang V. Ranade and Kishore Udipi 3.1 Introduction 75 3.2 Polymer Coatings for DES 81 3.3 Biostable (Non-Bioabsorbable) Polymers 86 3.4 Bioabsorbable Polymers 99 3.5 Concluding Remarks 103 References 104 4 Coatings for Radiopacity 115 Scott Schewe and David Glocker 4.1 Principles of Radiography 115 4.2 Use of Radiopaque Materials in Medical Devices 116 4.3 Radiopaque Fillers 117 4.4 Types of Radiopaque Fillers 117 4.5 Other Radiographic Materials and Coating Systems 121 4.6 Radiopaque Coatings by Physical Vapor Deposition 122 4.7 Challenges in Producing Radiopaque Coatings Using PVD 124 4.8 Gold Radiopaque Coatings 125 4.9 Tantalum Radiopaque Coatings 126 4.10 Summary 129 References 130 5 Biocompatibility and Medical Device Coatings 131 Joe McGonigle, Thomas J. Webster, and Garima Bhardwaj 5.1 Introduction 131 5.2 Challenges with Medical Devices 134 5.3 Examples of Products Coated to Improve Biocompatibility 148 5.4 Types of Biocompatible Coatings 157 5.5 Commercialization 170 5.6 Summary 172 References 172 6 Tribological Coatings for Biomedical Devices 181 Peter Martin 6.1 Introduction 181 6.2 Hard Thin Film Coatings for Implants 187 6.3 Binary Carbon-Based Thin Film Materials: Diamond, Hard Carbon and Amorphous Carbon 194 6.4 Progress of DLC, ta-C and a-C:H Films for Hip and Knee Implants 200 6.5 Wear-Resistant Coatings for Stents and Catheters 208 6.6 Wear-Resistant Coatings for Angioplasty Devices 210 6.7 Scalpel Blades and Surgical Instruments 211 6.8 Multifunctional, Nanostructured, Nanolaminate, and Nanocomposite Tribological Materials 211 References 222 Part 3 Coating and Surface Modification Methods 233 7 Dip Coating 235 Donald M. Copenhagen 7.1 Description and Basic Steps 235 7.2 Equipment and Coating Application 236 7.3 Coating Solution Containers 237 7.4 Coating Parameters and Controls 238 7.5 Role of Solution Viscosity 240 7.6 Coating Problems 241 7.7 Process Considerations 244 8 Inkjet Technology and Its Application in Biomedical Coating Bogdan V. Antohe, David B. Wallace, and Patrick W. Cooley 247 8.1 Introduction 247 8.2 Inkjet Background 248 8.3 Equipment Used 260 8.4 Capabilities 268 8.5 Limitations and Ways around Them 280 8.6 Manufacturing Advantages and Future Directions 293 8.7 Conclusions 299 References 300 9 Direct Capillary Printing in Medical Device Manufacture 309 William J. Grande 9.1 Introduction 309 9.2 Fundamental Elements of Direct Capillary Printing 320 9.3 Practical Operational Considerations 337 9.4 Manufacturing Considerations 349 9.5 Medical Device Examples 352 9.6 Conclusions 367 Acknowledgments 369 References 369 10 Sol-Gel Coating Methods in Biomedical Systems 373 Bakul C. Dave 10.1 Introduction 374 10.2 Overview of Sol-Gel Coatings in Biomedical Systems 377 10.3 The Sol-Gel Process 381 10.4 Coating Methods and Processes 385 10.5 Factors influencing Coatings Characteristics/Performance 390 10.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks 394 References 395 11 Chemical Vapor Deposition 403 Kenneth K. S. Lau 11.1 Introduction 403 11.2 Process Description 405 11.3 Process Mechanism 410 11.4 Technology Advances 414 11.5 Future Outlook 442 References 443 12 Introduction to Plasmas Used for Coating Processes 457 David A. Glocker 12.1 Introduction 457 12.2 DC Glow Discharges 459 12.3 RF Glow Discharges 463 12.4 RF Diode Glow Discharges 464 12.5 Ionization in RF Diode Glow Discharges 466 12.6 Inductively Coupled RF Discharges 466 12.7 Mid-Frequency AC Discharges 468 12.8 Pulsed DC Discharges 469 12.9 Comparison of Plasma Properties 470 12.10 Plasma Species 470 12.11 Summary 471 References 472 13 Ion Implantation: Tribological Applications 473 Peter Martin 13.1 Introduction 473 13.2 Applications 474 13.3 Nanocrystalline Diamond 487 Reference 492 14 Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition 495 Kenneth K. S. Lau 14.1 Introduction 495 14.2 Process Description 497 14.3 Plasma Effects on Materials Deposition 501 14.4 Future Outlook 520 References 521 15 Sputter Deposition and Sputtered Coatings for Biomedical Applications 531 David A. Glocker 15.1 Introduction 531 15.2 Overview of Sputter Coating 533 15.3 Characteristics of Sputtered Atoms 536 15.4 Sputtering Cathodes 539 15.5 Relationship between Process Parameters and Coating Properties 541 15.6 Biased Sputtering 544 15.7 Adhesion and Stress in Sputtered Coatings 545 15.8 Sputtering Electrically Insulating Materials 546 15.9 Recent Developments 549 15.10 Summary and Conclusions 549 References 550 16 Cathodic Arc Vapor Deposition 553 Gary Vergason 16.1 Introduction 553 16.2 Medical Uses of Cathodic Arc Titanium Nitride Coatings 556 16.3 Brief History and Commercial Advancement of Cathodic Arcs 557 16.4 Review of Arc Devices 559 16.5 Description of PVD Coating Manufacturing 561 16.6 Macroparticle Generation and Mitigation 567 16.7 Considerations for Coating Success 568 16.8 Materials Used in Biomedical PVD Coatings 576 References 576 Part 4 Functional Tests 581 17 Antimicrobial Coatings Efficacy Evaluation 583 Nimisha Mukherjee and Marc W. Mittelman 17.1 Introduction 583 17.2 In-Vitro Methods 584 17.3 In-Vivo (Animal) Methods 590 17.4 Equipment and Laboratory Resources 590 17.5 Human Clinical Trial Considerations 590 17.6 Regulatory Considerations 590 References 596 18 Mechanical Characterization of Biomaterials: Functional Tests for Hardness 605 Vincent Jardret 18.1 Introduction 605 18.2 Basic Principles of Hardness and Indentation Testing 607 18.3 Depth-Sensing Indentation Testing 611 18.4 Dynamic Indentation Testing: A More Advanced Hardness Measurement Technique for More Complex Material Behavior 617 18.5 Special Case of Coatings Configuration under Indentation Testing 626 18.6 Conclusions 628 References 629 19 Adhesion Measurement of Thin Films and Coatings: Relevance to Biomedical Applications 631 Wei-Sheng Lei, Kash Mittal, and Ajay Kumar 19.1 Introduction 631 19.2 Mechanical Test Methods of Adhesion Measurement 634 19.3 Summary and Remarks 654 Appendix 656 References 665 20 Functional Tests for Biocompatability 671 Joe McConigle and Thomas J. Webster 20.1 Introduction 671 20.2 Inflammation 672 20.3 Blood Compatibility 675 20.4 Wound Healing 685 20.5 Encapsulation 688 20.6 Tissue Integration 691 20.7 Vascularization 692 20.8 Toxicity 699 20.9 Infection 700 20.10 When to Move In Vivo? 701 References 702 21 Analytical Requirements for Drug Eluting Stents 707 Lori Alquier and Shrirang Ranade 21.1 Introduction 707 21.2 Instrumentation 708 21.3 API and Excipient Characterization 709 21.4 Analytical Methods 712 21.5 Conclusion 719 References 719 Part 5 Regulatory Overview 723 22 Regulations for Medical Devices and Coatings 725 Robert J. Klepinski 22.1 Introduction 725 22.2 Types of Regulated Products 726 22.3 Scope of Regulation 732 22.4 Marketing Clearance of Medical Devices 733 22.5 Comparison to EU Regulation 737 22.6 Good Manufacturing Practices 737 Part 6 Future of Coating Technologies 743 23 The Future of Biomedical Coatings Technologies 745 Shrirang Ranade and David Glocker 23.1 Introduction 745 23.2 The Continuing Evolution of Biomaterials 749 23.3 Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 749 23.4 Coating Process Development 750 References 751
£195.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Advances in Bioceramics and Porous Ceramics IV
Book SynopsisThis book is a collection of papers from The American Ceramic Society''s 35th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, held in Daytona Beach, Florida, January 23-28, 2011. This issue includes papers presented in the Next Generation Bioceramics and Porous Ceramics Symposia on topics such as Advanced Processing of Bioceramics; In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Bioceramics; Medical and Dental Applications of Bioceramics; Porous Bioceramics; Structure and Properties of Porous Ceramics; and Processing Methods of Porous Ceramics.Table of ContentsPreface vii Introduction ix BIOCERAMICS Fabrication of Hydroxyapatite-Calcite Nanocomposite 3 E. K. Girija, G. Suresh Kumar, A. Thamizhavel, Y. Yokogawa, and S. Narayana Kalkura Preparation and Protein Adsorption of Silica-Based Composite Particles for Blood Purification Therapy 13 Jie Li, Yuki Shirosaki, Satoshi Hayakawa, and Akiyoshi Osaka Collagen-Templated Sol-Gel Preparation of Ultra-Fine Silica Nanotube Mats and Osteoblastic Cell Proliferation 19 Song Chen, Toshiyuki Ikoma, Jie Li, Hiromi Morita, Akiyoshi Osaka, Masaki Takeguchi, and Nobutaka Hanagata Tissue Ingrowth in Resorbable Porous Tissue Scaffolds 25 Janet Krevolin, James J. Liu, Adam Wallen, Kitu Patel, Rachel Dahl, Hu-Ping Hsu, Cathal Kearney, and Myron Spector Selective Laser Sintered Ca-P/PHBV Nanocomposite Scaffolds with Sustained Release of rhBMP-2 for Bone Tissue Engineering 37 Bin Duan, William W. Lu, and Min Wang Microbeam X-Ray Grain Averaged Residual Stress in Dental Ceramics 49 Hrishikesh A. Bale, Nobumichi Tamura, and Jay c. Hanan Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for the Repair of Load-Bearing Bones 65 M. N. Rahaman, X. Liu, and T. S. Huang Do Cell Culture Solutions Transform Brushite (CaHPO42H2O) to Octacalcium Phosphate (Ca8(HPO4)2(P04)45H2O)? 79 Ibrahim Mert, Selen Mandel, and A. CuneytTas Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering with Controlled Porosity and Mechanical Strength 95 Vincenzo M. Sglavo, Marzio Piccinini, Andrea Madinelli, and Francesco Bucciotti Hollow Hydroxyapatite Microspheres for Controlled Delivery of Proteins 102 H. Fu, M. N. Rahaman, and D. E. Day Expression of Mineralized Tissue-Associated Proteins is Highly Upregulated in MC3T3-E1 Osteoblasts Grown on a Borosilicate Glass Substrate 111 Raina H. Jaina, Jutta Y. Marzilliera, Tia J. Kowala, Shaojie Wangb, Himanshu Jainb, and Matthias M. Falka POROUS CERAMICS High Porosity In Situ Catalyzed Carbon Honeycombs for Mercury Capture in Coal Fired Power Plants 123 Xinyuan Liu, Millicent K. Ruffin, Benedict Y. Johnson, and Millicent 0. Owusu Not All Microcracks are Born Equal: Thermal vs. Mechanical Microcracking in Porous Ceramics 137 Giovanni Bruno, Alexander M. Efremov, Chong An, and Seth Nickerson SiC Foams for High Temperature Applications 153 Alberto Ottona, Sandra Gianella, and Daniele Gaia Porous SiC Ceramic from Wood Charcoal 163 S. Manocha, Hemang Patel, and L. M. Manocha Fabrication of Beta-Cristobalite Porous Material from Diatomite with Some Impurities 177 Osman San, Cem Özgür, and Remzi Gören Microstructural Study of Alumina Porous Ceramic Produced by Reaction Bonding of Aluminium Powder Mixed with Corn Starch 185 Juliana Anggono, Ida A. O. R. S. Shavitri, and Soejono Tjitro Characterization of Ceramic Powders during Compaction using Electrical Measurements 199 Timothy Pruyn and Rosario A. Gerhardt Author Index 21
£70.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Processing and Properties of Advanced Ceramics
Book SynopsisThis book contains 17 papers from the Innovative Processing and Synthesis of Ceramics, Glasses and Composites and Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites symposia held during the 2010 Materials Science and Technology (MS&T''10) meeting, October 17-21, 2010, Houston, Texas. Topics include: Fiber Composites; Modeling and Characterization; Nanomaterials; Testing; Microstructure-Property Relationships; Advanced Coatings; and Processing Methods.Table of ContentsPreface ix FIBER COMPOSITES. Influence of Fiber Orientation on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of C/C-SiC Composite Plates Produced by Wet Filament Winding Technique 3 Fabian Breede, Severin Hof mann, Enrico Klatt, and Sandrine Denis High-Temperature Interlaminar Tension Test Method Development for Ceramic Matrix Composites 11 Todd Z. Engel, Wayne S. Steffier, and Tony Magaldi Life Limiting Behavior of Ceramic Matrix Composites Under Interlaminar Shear at Elevated Temperatures 23 Sung R. Choi NANO-CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES. Effect of Coating Parameters on the Electrodeposition of Nickel Containing Nano-Sized Alumina Particles 41 R. K. Saha, S. Mohamed, and T. I. Khan Synthesis of AI203-TiC Nano-Composite Particles by a Novel Electro-Plasma Process 51 Kaiyang Wang, Peigen Zhang, Jiandong Liang, and S.M. Guo TESTING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND MICROSTRUCTUREPROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS. Research on Tribological Properties of Reactive Sintered Si3N4-Based Composite Ceramic 63 Hai-long Ma, Chong Cui, Xing Li, Yuan-ting Wang, and Hai-jun Zhou Preparation of Nano and Micron Sized ZrO2 Dispersed Al2O3 Ceramic Composites and Study Their Hardness and Fracture Toughnesses 75 Kuntal Maiti and Anjan Sil Influence of Particle Size Distribution of Wollastonite on the Mechanical Properties of CBPCs (Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics) 85 H. A. Colorado, C. Hiel, and H. T. Hahn Foreign Object Damage in an N720/Alumina Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite under Tensile Loading 99 D. Calvin Faucett and Sung R. Choi FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS. Thermally Sprayed Functionally Graded Materials 109 Pavel Chráska and Tomáé Chráska CERAMIC PROCESSING. Development of Ultra-High Temperature Stable Ceramics by Reactive Infiltration Processes* 123 R. Voigt, W. Krenkel, G. Motz, and A. Can Shape Evolution of Spanning Structures Fabricated by Direct-Write Assembly of Concentrated Colloidal Gels 131 Cheng Zhu and James E. Smay COMPOSITES PROCESSING. Colloidal Processing of Ceramic-Ceramic and Ceramic-Metal Composites 147 Rodrigo Moreno Processing of Nitride Porous Ceramic Composites via Hybrid Precursor System Chemical Vapor Deposition (HYSYCVD)/Direct Nitridation (DN) 161 M. I. Pech-Canul and J. C. Flores-García Effect of Nano-SiO2 on Microstructure, Interface and Mechanical Properties of Whisker-Reinforced Cement Composites 173 Mingli Cao and Jianqiang Wei DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION AND MICROWAVE PROCESSING Engineered Self-Organized Microstructures Using Directional Solidification of Eutectics 185 V. M. Orera, J. I Peña, A. Larrea, R. I. Merino, and P. B. Oliete Effect of Different Fuels on the Microwave-Assisted Combustion Synthesis of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe1.95Sm0.05O4 Ferrites 197 A. C. F. M. Costa, D. A. Vieira, V. C. Diniz, H. L. Lira, D. R. Cornejo, and R. H. G. A. Kiminami Author Index 207 *Paper Presented at the 8th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology, May 31-June 5, 2009
£109.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Advances and Applications in Electroceramics
Book SynopsisThis book contains 26 papers from the Magnetoelectric Multiferroic Thin Films and Multilayers; Dielectric Ceramic Materials and Electronic Devices; Recent Developments in High-Temperature Superconductivity; and Multifunctional Oxides symposia held during the 2010 Materials Science and Technology (MS&T''10) meeting, October 17-21, 2010, Houston, Texas. Topics include: Properties; Structures; Synthesis; Characterization; Device Applications; Multiferroics and Magnetoelectrics; YBCO Pinning Methods and Properties; YBCO Processing and Reliability Related Issues; New Superconductors and MgB2.Table of ContentsPreface ix DIELECTRIC MATERIALS AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES. Numerical Simulations of a Back Grinding Process for Silicon Wafers 3 A. H. Abdelnaby, G. P. Potirniche, F. Barlow, B. Poulsen, A. Elshabini, R. Parker, and T. Jiang Sol-Gel Processing of Single Phase BiFeO3 Ceramics: A Structural, Microstructural, Dielectric, and Ferroelectric Study 13 L. F. Cótica, P. V. Sochodolak, V. F. Freitas, I. A. Santos, D. Garcia, and J. A. Eiras Electro Ceramic Properties of Porous Silicon Thin Films on P-Type Crystalline Silicon 19 Faruk Fonthal Tape Cast Dielectric Composites Produced with Camphene as a Freezing Medium 25 E. P. Gorzkowski, M.-J. Pan, and B. A. Bender Electronic Transfer between Low-Dimensional Nanosystems 33 Karel Krai Combined Dilatometer-Mass Spectrometer Analysis of the Sintering of Barium Titanate 41 Murray A. Moss and Stephen J. Lombardo Effect of DC Poling Field on Ferroelectric Properties in Alkali Bismuth Titanate Lead-Free Ceramics 49 Toshio Ogawa, Takayuki Nishina, Masahito Furukawa, and Takeo Tsukada Multifunctional Nature of Modified Iron Titanates and Their Potential Applications 61 R. K. Pandey, P. Padmini, P. Kale, J. Dou, C. Lohn, R. Schad, R. Wilkins, and W. Geerts Long-Term Convergence of Bulk- and Nano-Crystal Properties 77 Sergei L. Pyshkin and John M. Ballato Influence of Magnetic Flux Density and Sintering Process on the Oriented Structure of C-Axis-Oriented Sr2NaNb5O15 Piezoelectric Ceramics 91 Satoshi Tanaka, Takuma Takahashi, Tomoko Kawase, Ryoichi Furushima, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Yutaka Doshida, and Keizo Uematsu Sintering of Defect-Free BaTi0.975Sn0.025O3/BaTi0.85Sn0.15O3 Functionally Graded Materials 97 S. Markovicand D. Uskokovic Applications of High-Throughput Screening Tools for Thermoelectric Materials 107 W. Wong-Ng, H. Joress, J. Martin, Y. Yan, J. Yang, M. Otani, E. L. Thomas, M. L. Green, and J. Hattrick-Simpers DEVELOPMENTS IN HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS Altering Self-Assembly of Second Phase Additions in YBa2Cu3O7-x for Pinning Enhancement 119 Francisco J. Baca, Paul N. Barnes, Timothy J. Haugan, Jack L. Burke, C. V. Varanasi, Rose L. Emergo, and Judy Z. Wu Electrical Properties of Hg0.8TI0.2Ba2Can-1CunO2n+2delta for (n=1-5) HTSC System 129 Ghazala Y. Hermiz and Ebtisam Kh AL-Beyaty Electrodeposited Ag-Stabilization Layer for High Temperature Superconducting Coated Conductors 137 Raghu N. Bhattacharya, Jonathan Mann, Yunfei Qiao, Yue Zhang, and Venkat Selvamanickam The Combined Influence of SiC and Rare-Earth Oxides Doping on Superconducting Properties of MgB2 Wires 145 Hui Fang, Brenden Wiggins, and Gan Liang Fabrication of GdBCO Coated Conductors on Gad-Type Textured Metal Substrates for HTS Cables 155 Kazuya Ohmatsu, Kenji Abiru, Yoshihiro Honda, Yuki Shingai, and Masaya Konishi Characteristics of Superconducting YBCO Phase Formation through Auto Combustion Citrate-Nitrate Sol-Gel 163 Hassan Sheikh, Ebrahim Paimozd, AN Sharbati, and Sedigheh Sheikh Chemical Interactions of the Ba2YCu3O6+x Superconductor with Coated Conductor Buffer Layers 173 W. Wong-Ng, Z. Yang, G. Liu, Q. Huang, L. P. Cook, S. Diwanji, C. Lucas, M-H. Jang, and J. A. Kaduk Chemical Tailoring of Electronic Doping in Y1-xGdxBa1.9Sr0.1Cu3O7-delta High Tc Superconductors 187 M. M. Abbas, M. N. Makadsi, and E.K. Al-Shakarchi Processing-Property Relations for Y1-xGdxBa2Cu3O7-delta High Tc Superconductors 195 Matti N. Makadsi, Emad K. Al-Shakarchi, and Muña M. Abbas MAGNETOELECTRIC MULTIFERROICS. Finite-Size Effects in Nanoscaled Multiferroics 211 J. J. Heremans, J. Zhong, R. Varghese, G. T. Yee, and S. Priya Functionally Graded Piezomagnetic and Piezoelectric Bilayers for Magnetic Field Sensors: Magnetoelectric Interactions at Low-Frequencies and at Bending Modes 223 S. K. Mandal, G. Sreenivasulu, V. M. Petrov, S. Bandekar, and G. Srinivasan Magnetic and Electrical Properties of 0.7Bi0 95Dy0 05FeO3-0.3Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 Multiferroic 231 Agata Stoch, Jan Kulawik, Pawel Stoch, Jan Maurin, Piotr Zachariasz, and Piotr Zielinski Multiferroic Nanofilm with Bilayer of Pb(Zr0 52Ti0 48)03 and CoFe204 Prepared by Electrophoretic Deposition 241 Dongxiang Zhou, Yanan Zheng, Gang Jian, and Fei Shi MULTIFUNCTIONAL OXIDES Synthesis and Characterization of Ternary Cobalt Spinel Oxides for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting to Produce Hydrogen 251 Sudhakar Shet, Yanfa Yan, Todd Deutsch, Heli Wang, Nuggehalli Ravindra, John Turner, and Mowafak Al-Jassim Author Index 259
£109.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Advances in Materials Science for Environmental
Book SynopsisThis book contains 29 papers from the Clean Energy: Fuel Cells, Batteries, Renewables; Green Technologies for Materials Manufacturing and Processing II; and Materials Solutions for the Nuclear Renaissance symposia held during the 2010 Materials Science and Technology (MS&T''10) meeting, October 17-21, 2010, Houston, Texas. Topics include Batteries; Corrosion and Materials Degradation; Fuel Cells & Electrochemistry; Fossil Energy Materials; Solar Energy; Waste Minimization; Green Manufacturing and Materials Processing; Immobilization of Nuclear Wastes; Irradiation and Corrosion Effects; and Materials Performance in Extreme Environments.Table of ContentsPreface ix CLEAN ENERGY: MATERIALS, PROCESSING, AND MANUFACTURING. Slag Characterization for the Development of New and Improved Service Life Materials in Gasifiers using Flexible Carbon Feedstock 3 James Bennett, Seetharaman Sridhar, Jinichiro Nakano, Kyei-Sing Kwong, Tom Lam, Tetsuya Kaneko, Laura Fernandez, Piyamanee Komolwit, Hugh Thomas, and Rick Krabbe Characterization of Electrochemical Cycling Induced Graphite Electrode Damage in Lithium-Ion Cells 17 Sandeep Bhattacharya, A. Reza Riahi, and Ahmet T. Alpas Titanium-Dioxide-Coated Silica Microspheres for High-Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell 27 Devender and Ajay Dangi Effect of Titanium and Iron Additions on the Transport Properties of Manganese Cobalt Spinel Oxide 33 Jeffrey W. Fergus, Kangli Wang, and Yingjia Liu Effect of Hydrogen on Bending Fatigue Life for Materials used in Hydrogen Containment Systems 39 Patrick Ferro Investigation of Secondary Phases Formation Due to PH3 Interaction with SOFC Anode 51 Huang Guo, Gulfam Iqbal, and Bruce Kang PEN Structure Thermal Stress Analysis for Planar-SOFC Configurations under Practical Temperature Field 61 Gulfam Iqbal, Suryanarayana Raju Pakalapati, Francisco Elizalde-Blancas, Huang Guo, Ismail Celik, and Bruce Kang Electroless Coating of Nickel on Electrospun 8YSZ Nanofibers 69 Luping Li, Peigen Zhang, and S.M. Guo Effect of Surface Condition on Spallation Behavior of Oxide Scale on SS 441 Substrate used in SOFC 81 Wenning Liu, Xin Sun, Elizabeth Stephens, and Moe Khaleel Effect of Fuel Impurity on Structural Integrity of Ni-YSZ Anode of SOFCs 87 Wenning Liu, Xin Sun, Olga Marina, Larry Pederson, and Moe Khaleel Strategies to Improve the Reliability of Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Respect to Anode Reoxidation 101 Manuel Ettler, Norbert H. Menzler, Georg Mauer, Frank Tietz, Hans Peter Buchkremer, and Detlev Stöver Mixed Composite Membranes for Low Temperature Fuel Cell Applications 111 Uma Thanganathan Carbonate Fuel Cell Materials and Endurance Results 119 C. Yuh, A. Hilmi, G. Xu, L. Chen, A. Franco, and M. Farooque MATERIALS SOLUTIONS FOR THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE. Characterization of Core Sample Collected from the Saltstone Disposal Facility 135 A.D. Cozzi and A.J. Duncan Incorporation of Mono Sodium Titanate and Crystalline Silicotitanate Feeds in High Level Nuclear Waste Glass 149 K. M. Fox, F. C. Johnson, and T. B. Edwards Radiation Resistance of Nanocrystalline Silicon Carbide 161 Laura Jamison, Peng Xu, Kumar Sridharan, and Todd Allen Performance of a Carbon Steel Container in a Canadian Used Nuclear Fuel Deep Geological Repository 169 Gloria M. Kwong, Steve Wang, and Roger C. Newman Development of Ceramic Waste Forms for an Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycle 183 A. L. Billings, K. S. Brinkman, K. M. Fox and J. C. Marra, M. Tang, and K. E. Sickafus Determination of Stokes Shape Factor for Single Particles and Agglomerates 195 J. Matyáa, M. Schaible, and J. D. Vienna Glassy and Glass Composite Nuclear Wasteforms 203 Michael I. Ojovan and William E. Lee Advances In Materials Corrosion Research in the Yucca Mountain Project 217 Raul B. Rebak Creep Studies of Modified 9Cr-1 Mo Steel for Very High Temperature Reactor Pressure Vessel Applications 231 Triratna Shrestha, Mehdi Basirat, Indrajit Charit, Gabriel Potirniche, and Karl Rink Developing the Plutonium Disposition Option: Ceramic Processing Concerns 241 Jonathan Squire, Ewan R. Maddrell, Neil C Hyatt, and Martin C. Stennett Pore Structure Analysis of Nuclear Graphites IG-110 and NBG-18 251 G. Q. Zheng, P. Xu, K. Sridharan, and T. R. Allen GREEN TECHNOLOGIES FOR MATERIALS MANUFACTURING AND PROCESSING. Modified Powder Processing as a Green Method for Ferrite Synthesis 263 Audrey Vecoven and Allen W. Apblett Novel Method for Waste Analysis using a Highly Luminescent (II) Octaphosphite Complex as a Heavy Metal Detector 279 NisaT. Satumtira, AN Mahdy, Mohamed Chehbouni, Oussama ElBjeirami, and Mohammad A. Omary Geopolymer Products from Jordan for Sustainability of the Environment 289 Hani Khoury, Yousif Abu Salhah, Islam AI Dabsheh, Faten Slaty, Mazen Alshaaer, Hubert Rahier, Muayad Esaifan, and Jan Wastiels Leaching of Calcium Ion (Ca2+) from Calcium Silicate 301 Vandana Mehrotra Green Energy and Green Materials Production Activity and Related Patents 313 J. A. Sekhar, M. C. Connelly, and J. D. Dismukes Micro Patterning of Dielectric Materials by using Stereo-Lithography as Green Process 329 Soshu Kirihara, Naoki Komori, Toshiki Niki, and Masaru Kaneko Author Index 337
£109.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Advances in Nanomaterials and Nanostructures
Book SynopsisThis book contains 17 papers from the Controlled Processing of Nanoparticle-based Materials and Nanostructured Films; Nanotechnology for Energy, Healthcare, and Industry; and Nanolaminated Ternary Carbides and Nitrides (MAX Phases) symposia held during the 2010 Materials Science and Technology (MS&T''10) meeting, October 17-21, 2010, Houston, Texas. Topics include: Direct Manufacturing; Low Dimension Nanomaterials; Processing and Sintering; Thin Films; Nanolaminated Ternary Carbides and Nitrides (MAX Phases); and Novel Nanomaterial Approaches.Table of ContentsPreface ix CONTROLLED PROCESSING OF NANOPARTICLE-BASED MATERIALS AND NANOSTRUCTURED FILMS Effect of Focused Ion Beam Patterning on Enlarging Anodization Window and Interpore Distance for Ordered Porous Anodic Alumina 3 Bo Chen, Kathy Lu, and Zhipeng Tian Thin Films of Ti02 with Au Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue 13 F. Palomar, I. Gomez, and J. Cavazos New Entropie Routes for Nano-Bands and Nano-Particles 21 H. P. Li, G. K. Dey, and J. A. Sekhar Photoinduced Shape Evolution of Silver Nanoparticles: From Nanospheres to Hexagonal and Triangular Nanoprisms 35 Thelma Serrano, Idalia Gomez, and Rafael Colas Synthesis of CdS Nanocrystals Stabilized with Sodium Citrate 45 Thelma Serrano, Idalia Gomez, Rafael Colas, and Jose Cavazos Freezing Behavior and Properties of Freeze Cast Kaolinite-Silica Porous Nanocomposite 57 Wenle Li, Kathy Lu, and John Y. Walz Controlling the Size of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Drug Applications 69 Luiz Fernando Cotica, Valdirlei Fernandes Freitas, Gustavo Sanguino Dias, Ivair Aparecido dos Santos, Sheila Caroline Vendrame, Najeh Maissar Khalil, and Rubiana Mara Mainardes Chemical Growth and Optoelectronic Characteristics of Ti02 Thin Film 77 Chinedu Ekuma, Israel Owate, Eziaku Osarolube, Evelyn Esabunor, and Innocent Otu Synthesis of Manganese Oxides Nanocompounds for Electrodes in Electrochemical Capacitors 83 R. Lucio, I. Gomez, L. Torres, and P. Elizondo NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR ENERGY, HEALTHCARE AND INDUSTRY Finite Element Modeling of Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers 97 Neal T. Pfeiffenberger and Gary R. Pickrell Magnetically-Driven Release Media Comprising of Carbon Nanotube-Nickel/Nickel Oxide Core/Shell Nanoparticle Heterostructures Incorporated in Polyvinyl Alcohol 107 Wenwu Shi and Nitin Chopra Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Dispersion Structures for Improved Energy Density in Supercapacitors 115 Joshua J. Moore and John Z. Wen The Mechanochemical Formation of Functionalized Semiconductor Nanoparticles for Biological, Electronic and Superhydrophobic Surface Applications 129 Steffen Hallmann, Mark J. Fink, and Brian S. Mitchell Synthesis of ZnO Nanostructures and Their Influence on Photoelectrochemical Response for Solar Driven Water Splitting to Produce Hydrogen 143 Sudhakar Shet, Heli Wang, Todd Deutsch, Nuggehalli Ravindra, Yanfa Yan, John Turner, and Mowafak Al-Jassim Capped CoFe204 Nanoparticles: Non-Hydrolytic Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Applications as Magnetic Extractants and in Ferrofluids 155 Tarek M. Trad, Rose M. Alvarez, Edward J. McCumiskey, and Curtis R. Taylor Nanomaterial Fiber Optic Sensors in Healthcare and Industry Applications 163 K. Sun, N. Wu, C. Guthy, and X. Wang Plasmonic Silver Nanoparticles for Energy and Optoelectronic Applications 171 Haoyan Wei NANOLAMINATED TERNARY CARBIDES Tribofilm Formation using Ti2AIC Material 187 P. Kar, S. Kundu, M. Radovic, and H. Liang Author Index 195
£109.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plasmonics
Book SynopsisBased on a popular article in Laser and Photonics Reviews, this book provides an explanation and overview of the techniques used to model, make, and measure metal nanoparticles, detailing results obtained and what they mean. It covers the properties of coupled metal nanoparticles, the nonlinear optical response of metal nanoparticles, and the phenomena that arise when light-emitting materials are coupled to metal nanoparticles. It also provides an overview of key potential applications and offers explanations of computational and experimental techniques giving readers a solid grounding in the field.Trade Review“The present volume will be very useful for graduate students, post-doctoral researchers and advanced undergraduates. The instructors and advisers of such students will benefit from reading this book as well.” (Optics & Photonics News, 8 November 2013)Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Introduction xi I.1 Why All the Excitement? xi I.2 Historical Perspective xiv I.3 Book Outline xvii 1 Modeling: Understanding Metal-Nanoparticle Plasmons 1 1.1 Classical Picture: Solutions of Maxwell’s Equations 2 1.2 Discrete Plasmon Resonances in Particles 13 1.3 Overview of Numerical Methods 25 1.4 A Model System: Gold Nanorods 31 1.5 Size-Dependent Effects in Small Particles 39 References 46 2 Making: Synthesis and Fabrication of Metal Nanoparticles 51 2.1 Top-Down: Lithography 52 2.2 Bottom-Up: Colloidal Synthesis 67 2.3 Self-Assembly and Hybrid Methods 76 2.4 Chemical Assembly 86 References 92 3 Measuring: Characterization of Plasmons in Metal Nanoparticles 97 3.1 Ensemble Optical Measurements 97 3.2 Single-Particle Optical Measurements 102 3.3 Electron Microscopy 125 References 132 4 Coupled Plasmons in Metal Nanoparticles 135 4.1 Pairs of Metal Nanoparticles 136 4.2 Understanding Complex Nanostructures Using Coupled Plasmons 149 References 161 5 Nonlinear Optical Response of Metal Nanoparticles 165 5.1 Review of Optical Nonlinearities 166 5.2 Time-Resolved Spectroscopy 170 5.3 Harmonic Generation 187 References 191 6 Coupling Plasmons in Metal Nanoparticles to Emitters 193 6.1 Plasmon-Modified Emission 193 6.2 Plasmon–Emitter Interactions Beyond Emission Enhancement 210 References 225 7 Some Potential Applications of Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles 229 7.1 Refractive-Index Sensing and Molecular Detection 229 7.2 Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering 233 7.3 Near-Field Microscopy, Photolithography, and Data Storage 239 7.4 Photodetectors and Solar Cells 242 7.5 Optical Tweezers 249 7.6 Optical Metamaterials 254 References 266 Index 271
£92.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Fluids Colloids and Soft Materials
Book SynopsisThis book presents a compilation of self-contained chapters covering a wide range of topics within the broad field of soft condensed matter. Each chapter starts with basic definitions to bring the reader up-to-date on the topic at hand, describing how to use fluid flows to generate soft materials of high value either for applications or for basic research. Coverage includes topics related to colloidal suspensions and soft materials and how they differ in behavior, along with a roadmap for researchers on how to use soft materials to study relevant physics questions related to geometrical frustration.Table of ContentsPreface xv List of Contributors xvii SECTION I FLUID FLOWS 1 1 Drop Generation in Controlled Fluid Flows 3Elena Castro Hernandez, Josefa Guerrero, Alberto Fernandez-Nieves, & Jose M. Gordillo 1.1 Introduction, 3 1.2 Coflow, 4 1.2.1 Problem and Dimensionless Numbers, 4 1.2.2 Dripping and Jetting, 5 1.2.3 Narrowing Jets, 6 1.2.4 Unified Scaling of the Drop Size in Both Narrowing and Widening Regimes, 7 1.2.5 Convective Versus Absolute Instabilities, 9 1.3 Flow Focusing, 12 1.4 Summary and Outlook, 15 References, 15 2 Electric Field Effects 19Francisco J. Higuera 2.1 Introduction, 19 2.2 Mathematical Formulation and Estimates, 20 2.2.1 Conical Meniscus, 22 2.2.2 Cone-to-Jet Transition Region and Beyond, 23 2.2.3 Very Viscous Liquids, 24 2.3 Applications and Extensions, 24 2.3.1 Multiplexing, 24 2.3.2 Coaxial Jet Electrosprays, 25 2.3.3 Electrodispersion in Dielectric Liquid Baths, 26 2.4 Conclusions, 27 References, 27 3 Fluid Flows for Engineering Complex Materials 29Ignacio G. Loscertales 3.1 Introduction, 29 3.2 Single Fluid Micro- or Nanoparticles, 30 3.2.1 Flows Through Micron-Sized Apertures, 31 3.2.2 Microflows Driven by Hydrodynamic Focusing, 33 3.2.3 Micro- and Nanoflows Driven by Electric Forces, 34 3.3 Steady-state Complex Capillary Flows for Particles with Complex Structure, 36 3.3.1 Hydrodynamic Focusing, 36 3.3.2 Electrified Coaxial Jet, 38 3.4 Summary, 39 Acknowledgments, 41 References, 41 SECTION II COLLOIDS IN EXTERNAL FIELDS 43 4 Fluctuations in Particle Sedimentation 45P.N. Segrè 4.1 Introduction, 45 4.2 Mean Sedimentation Rate, 45 4.2.1 Brownian Sedimentation, 46 4.2.2 Non-Brownian Sedimentation, 47 4.3 Velocity Fluctuations, 48 4.3.1 Introduction, 48 Caflisch and Luke Divergence Paradox, 48 4.3.2 Thin Cells and Quasi Steady-State Sedimentation, 49 Hydrodynamic Diffusion, 51 4.3.3 Thick Cells, Time-Dependent Sedimentation, and Stratification, 52 Time-Dependent Sedimentation, 52 Stratification Scaling Model, 54 4.3.4 Stratification Model in a Fluidized Bed, 55 4.4 Summary, 56 References, 57 5 Particles in Electric Fields 59Todd M. Squires 5.1 Electrostatics in Electrolytes, 60 5.1.1 The Poisson–Boltzmann Equation, 61 5.1.2 Assumptions Underlying the Poisson–Boltzmann Equation, 62 5.1.3 Alternate Approach: The Electrochemical Potential, 63 5.1.4 Electrokinetics, 64 5.2 The Poisson–Nernst–Planck–Stokes Equations, 65 5.3 Electro-Osmotic Flows, 66 5.3.1 Alternate Approach: The Electrochemical Potential, 67 5.4 Electrophoresis, 68 5.4.1 Electrophoresis in the Thick Double-Layer Limit, 69 5.4.2 Electrophoresis in the Thin Double-Layer Limit, 69 5.4.3 Electrophoresis for Arbitrary Charge and Screening Length, 71 5.4.4 Concentration Polarization, 72 5.5 Nonlinear Electrokinetic Effects, 75 5.5.1 Induced-Charge Electrokinetics, 75 5.5.2 Dielectrophoresis, 76 5.5.3 Particle Interactions and Electrorheological Fluids, 77 5.6 Conclusions, 77 References, 78 6 Colloidal Dispersions in Shear Flow 81Minne P. Lettinga 6.1 Introduction, 81 6.2 Basic Concepts of Rheology, 82 6.2.1 Definition of Shear Flow, 82 6.2.2 Scaling the Shear Rate, 83 6.2.3 Flow Instabilities, 84 6.3 Effect of Shear Flow on Crystallization of Colloidal Spheres, 86 6.3.1 Equilibrium Phase Behavior, 87 6.3.2 Nonequilibrium Phase Behavior, 87 6.3.3 The Effect on Flow Behavior, 91 6.4 Effect of Shear Flow on Gas–Liquid Phase Separating Colloidal Spheres, 92 6.4.1 Equilibrium Phase Behavior, 92 6.4.2 Nonequilibrium Phase Behavior, 95 6.4.3 The Effect on Flow Behavior, 98 6.5 Effect of Shear Flow on the Isotropic–Nematic Phase Transition of Colloidal Rods, 99 6.5.1 Equilibrium Phase Behavior: Isotropic–Nematic Phase Transition from a Dynamical Viewpoint, 100 6.5.2 Nonequilibrium Phase Behavior of Sheared Rods: Theory, 102 6.5.3 Nonequilibrium Phase Behavior of Sheared Rods: Experiment, 104 6.5.4 The Effect of the Isotropic–Nematic Transition on the Flow Behavior, 107 6.6 Concluding Remarks, 108 References, 109 7 Colloidal Interactions with Optical Fields: Optical Tweezers 111David McGloin, Craig McDonald, & Yuri Belotti 7.1 Introduction, 111 7.2 Theory, 112 7.3 Experimental Systems, 114 7.3.1 Optical Tweezers, 114 7.3.2 Force Measuring Techniques, 116 7.3.3 Radiation Pressure Traps, 120 7.3.4 Beam Shaping Techniques, 121 7.4 Applications, 122 7.4.1 Colloidal Science, 122 7.4.2 Nanoparticles, 123 7.4.3 Colloidal Aerosols, 123 7.5 Conclusions, 125 References, 125 SECTION III EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES 131 8 Scattering Techniques 133Luca Cipelletti, Véronique Trappe, & David J. Pine 8.1 Introduction, 133 8.2 Light and Other Scattering Techniques, 134 8.3 Static Light Scattering, 135 8.3.1 Static Structure Factor, 136 8.3.2 Form Factor, 137 8.4 Dynamic Light Scattering, 138 8.4.1 Conventional Dynamic Light Scattering, 138 8.4.2 Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy, 139 8.4.3 Dynamic Light Scattering from Nonergodic Media, 142 8.4.4 Multispeckle Methods, 143 8.4.5 Time-Resolved Correlation, 143 8.5 Imaging and Scattering, 145 8.5.1 Photon Correlation Imaging, 145 8.5.2 Near Field Scattering, 146 8.5.3 Differential Dynamic Microscopy, 147 References, 148 9 Rheology of Soft Materials 149Hans M. Wyss 9.1 Introduction, 149 9.2 Deformation and Flow: Basic Concepts, 150 9.2.1 Importance of Timescales, 150 9.3 Stress Relaxation Test: Time-Dependent Response, 151 9.3.1 The Linear Response Function G(t), 152 9.4 Oscillatory Rheology: Frequency-Dependent Response, 153 9.4.1 Storage Modulus G′ and Loss Modulus G′′, 153 9.4.2 Relation Between Frequency- and Time-Dependent Measurements, 154 9.5 Steady Shear Rheology, 154 9.6 Nonlinear Rheology, 155 9.6.1 Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (LAOS) Measurements, 155 9.6.2 Lissajous Curves and Geometrical Interpretation of LAOS Data, 155 9.6.3 Fourier Transform Rheology, 157 9.7 Examples of Typical Rheological Behavior for Different Soft Materials, 157 9.7.1 Soft Glassy Materials, 157 9.7.2 Gel Networks, 159 9.7.3 Biopolymer Networks: Strain-Stiffening Behavior, 160 9.8 Rheometers, 160 9.8.1 Rotational Rheometers, 160 9.8.2 Measuring Geometries, 160 9.8.3 Stress- and Strain-Controlled Rheometers, 161 9.9 Conclusions, 162 References, 162 10 Optical Microscopy of Soft Matter Systems 165Taewoo Lee, Bohdan Senyuk, Rahul P. Trivedi, & Ivan I. Smalyukh 10.1 Introduction, 165 10.2 Basics of Optical Microscopy, 166 10.3 Bright Field and Dark Field Microscopy, 167 10.4 Polarizing Microscopy, 169 10.5 Differential Interference Contrast and Phase Contrast Microscopies, 170 10.6 Fluorescence Microscopy, 171 10.7 Fluorescence Confocal Microscopy, 172 10.8 Fluorescence Confocal Polarizing Microscopy, 174 10.9 Nonlinear Optical Microscopy, 176 10.9.1 Multiphoton Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy, 176 10.9.2 Multiharmonic Generation Microscopy, 177 10.9.3 Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy, 178 10.9.4 Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Polarizing Microscopy, 179 10.9.5 Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy, 180 10.10 Three-Dimensional Localization Using Engineered Point Spread Functions, 181 10.11 Integrating Three-Dimensional Imaging Systems With Optical Tweezers, 182 10.12 Outlook and Perspectives, 183 References, 184 SECTION IV COLLOIDAL PHASES 187 11 Colloidal Fluids 189José Luis Arauz-Lara 11.1 Introduction, 189 11.2 Quasi-Two-Dimensional Colloidal Fluids, 190 11.3 Static Structure, 190 11.4 Model Pair Potential, 193 11.5 The Ornstein–Zernike Equation, 195 11.6 Static Structure Factor, 196 11.7 Self-Diffusion, 197 11.8 Dynamic Structure, 198 11.9 Conclusions, 200 Acknowledgments, 200 References, 200 12 Colloidal Crystallization 203Zhengdong Cheng 12.1 Crystallization and Close Packing, 203 12.1.1 van der Waals Equation of State and Hard Spheres as Model for Simple Fluids, 204 12.1.2 The Realization of Colloidal Hard Spheres, 205 12.2 Crystallization of Hard Spheres, 208 12.2.1 Phase Behavior, 208 12.2.2 Equation of State of Hard Spheres, 210 12.2.3 Crystal Structures, 215 12.2.4 Crystallization Kinetics, 218 12.3 Crystallization of Charged Spheres, 229 12.3.1 Phase Behavior, 229 12.3.2 Crystallization Kinetics, 235 12.4 Crystallization of Microgel Particles, 237 12.4.1 Phase Behavior, 238 12.4.2 Crystallization and Melting Kinetics, 238 12.5 Conclusions and New Directions, 241 Acknowledgments, 242 References, 242 13 The Glass Transition 249Johan Mattsson 13.1 Introduction, 249 13.2 Basics of Glass Formation, 250 13.2.1 Basics of Glass Formation in Molecular Systems, 250 13.2.2 Basics of Glass Formation in Colloidal Systems, 252 13.3 Structure of Molecular or Colloidal Glass-Forming Systems, 252 13.4 Dynamics of Glass-Forming Molecular Systems, 254 13.4.1 Relaxation Dynamics as Manifested in the Time Domain, 254 13.4.2 Relaxation Dynamics as Manifested in the Frequency Domain, 256 13.4.3 The Structural Relaxation Time, 258 13.4.4 The Stretching of the Structural Relaxation, 259 13.4.5 The Dynamic Crossover, 259 13.5 Dynamics of Glass-Forming Colloidal Systems, 262 13.5.1 General Behavior, 262 13.5.2 The Structural Relaxation, 263 13.5.3 The Dynamic Crossover, 264 13.5.4 “Fragility” in Colloidal Systems, 265 13.5.5 Glassy “Secondary” Relaxations, 266 13.6 Further Comparisons Between Molecular and Colloidal Glass Formation, 267 13.6.1 Dynamic Heterogeneity, 267 13.6.2 Decoupling of Translational and Rotational Diffusion, 269 13.6.3 The Vibrational Properties and the Boson Peak, 270 13.7 Theoretical Approaches to Understand Glass Formation, 271 13.7.1 Above the Dynamic Crossover: Mode Coupling Theory, 271 13.7.2 Below the Dynamic Crossover: Activated Dynamics, 273 13.8 Conclusions, 275 References, 276 14 Colloidal Gelation 279Emanuela Del Gado, Davide Fiocco, Giuseppe Foffi, Suliana Manley, Veronique Trappe, & Alessio Zaccone 14.1 Introduction: What Is a Gel? 279 14.1.1 An Experimental Summary: How Is a Gel Made? 280 14.2 Colloid Interactions: Two Important Cases, 280 14.2.1 “Strong” Interactions: van der Waals Forces, 280 14.2.2 “Weak” Interactions: Depletion Interactions, 282 14.2.3 Putting It All Together, 285 14.3 Routes to Gelation, 285 14.3.1 Dynamic Scaling, 285 14.3.2 Fractal Aggregation, 287 14.4 Elasticity of Colloidal Gels, 288 14.4.1 Elasticity of Fractal Gels, 288 14.4.2 Deformations and Connectivity, 289 14.5 Conclusions, 290 References, 290 SECTION V OTHER SOFT MATERIALS 293 15 Emulsions 295Sudeep K. Dutta, Elizabeth Knowlton, & Daniel L. Blair 15.1 Introduction, 295 15.1.1 Background, 295 15.2 Processing and Purification, 296 15.2.1 Creation and Stability, 296 15.2.2 Destabilization and Aggregation, 298 15.2.3 Coarsening, 298 15.2.4 Purification: Creaming and Depletion, 299 15.3 Emulsion Science, 300 15.3.1 Microfluidics: Emulsions on a Chip, 300 15.3.2 Dense Emulsions and Jamming, 300 15.3.3 The Jammed State, 301 15.3.4 The Flowing State, 304 15.4 Conclusions, 305 References, 305 16 An Introduction to the Physics of Liquid Crystals 307Jan P. F. Lagerwall 16.1 Overview of This Chapter, 307 16.2 Liquid Crystal Classes and Phases, 308 16.2.1 The Foundations: Long-Range Order, the Nematic Phase, and the Director Concept, 308 16.2.2 Thermotropics and Lyotropics: The Two Liquid Crystal Classes, 308 16.2.3 The Smectic and Lamellar Phases, 311 16.2.4 The Columnar Phases, 313 16.2.5 Chiral Liquid Crystal Phases, 314 16.2.6 Liquid Crystal Polymorphism, 316 16.3 The Anisotropic Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals, 317 16.3.1 The Orientational Order Parameter, 317 16.3.2 Optical Anisotropy, 318 16.3.3 Dielectric, Conductive, and Magnetic Anisotropy and the Response to Electric and Magnetic Fields, 321 16.3.4 The Viscous Properties of Liquid Crystals, 323 16.4 Deformations and Singularities in The Director Field, 325 16.4.1 Liquid Crystal Elasticity, 325 16.4.2 The Characteristic Topological Defects of Liquid Crystals, 327 16.5 The Special Physical Properties of Chiral Liquid Crystals, 330 16.5.1 Optical Activity and Selective Reflection, 330 16.6 Some Examples From Present-Day Liquid Crystal Research, 332 16.6.1 Colloid Particles in Liquid Crystals and Liquid Crystalline Colloid Particles, 333 16.6.2 Biodetection with Liquid Crystals, 333 16.6.3 Templating and Nano-/Microstructuring Using Liquid Crystals, 334 16.6.4 Liquid Crystals for Photovoltaic and Electromechanical Energy Conversion, 334 16.6.5 Lipidomics and the Liquid Crystal Phases of Cell Membranes, 336 16.6.6 Active Nematics, 336 References, 336 17 Entangled Granular Media 341Nick Gravish & Daniel I. Goldman 17.1 Granular Materials, 342 17.1.1 Dry, Convex Particles, 342 17.1.2 Cohesion through Fluids, 343 17.1.3 Cohesion through Shape, 343 17.1.4 Characterize the Rheology of Granular Materials, 344 17.2 Experiment, 345 17.2.1 Experimental Apparatus, 345 17.2.2 Packing Experiments, 346 17.2.3 Collapse Experiments, 346 17.3 Simulation, 348 17.3.1 Random Contact Model of Rods, 348 17.3.2 Packing Simulations, 350 17.4 Conclusions, 352 Acknowledgments, 352 References, 352 18 Foams 355Reinhard Ḧohler & Sylvie Cohen-Addad 18.1 Introduction, 355 18.2 Equilibrium Structures, 356 18.2.1 Equilibrium Conditions, 356 18.2.2 Geometrical and Topological Properties, 358 18.2.3 Static Bubble Interactions, 358 18.3 Aging, 359 18.3.1 Drainage, 359 18.3.2 Coarsening, 360 18.3.3 Coalescence, 361 18.4 Rheology, 361 18.4.1 Elastic Response, 361 18.4.2 Linear Viscoelasticity, 362 18.4.3 Yielding and Plastic Flow, 363 18.4.4 Viscous Flow, 364 18.4.5 Rheology near the Jamming Transition, 365 References, 366 SECTION VI ORDERED MATERIALS IN CURVED SPACES 369 19 Crystals and Liquid Crystals Confined to Curved Geometries 371Vinzenz Koning, & Vincenzo Vitelli 19.1 Introduction, 371 19.2 Crystalline Solids and Liquid Crystals, 373 19.3 Differential Geometry of Surfaces, 373 19.3.1 Preliminaries, 373 19.3.2 Curvature, 374 19.3.3 Monge Gauge, 375 19.4 Elasticity on Curved Surfaces and in Confined Geometries, 375 19.4.1 Elasticity of a Two-Dimensional Nematic Liquid Crystal, 375 19.4.2 Elasticity of a Two-Dimensional Solid, 376 19.4.3 Elasticity of a Three-dimensional Nematic Liquid Crystal, 377 19.5 Topological Defects, 377 19.5.1 Disclinations in a Nematic, 377 19.5.2 Disclinations in a Crystal, 378 19.5.3 Dislocations, 378 19.6 Interaction Between Curvature and Defects, 379 19.6.1 Coupling in Liquid Crystals, 379 19.6.2 Coupling in Crystals, 379 19.6.3 Screening by Dislocations and Pleats, 381 19.6.4 Geometrical Potentials and Forces, 381 19.7 Nematics in Spherical Geometries, 381 19.7.1 Nematic Order on the Sphere, 381 19.7.2 Beyond Two Dimensions: Spherical Nematic Shells, 382 19.8 Toroidal Nematics, 383 19.9 Concluding Remarks, 383 References, 383 20 Nematics on Curved Surfaces – Computer Simulations of Nematic Shells 387Martin Bates 20.1 Introduction, 387 20.2 Theory, 388 20.3 Experiments on Spherical Shells, 389 20.3.1 Nematics, 389 20.3.2 Smectics, 391 20.4 Computer Simulations – Practicalities, 392 20.4.1 Introduction, 392 20.4.2 Monte Carlo Simulations, 393 20.5 Computer Simulations of Nematic Shells, 395 20.5.1 Spherical Shells, 395 20.5.2 Nonspherical Shells, 397 20.6 Conclusions, 399 References, 401 Index 403
£135.80
John Wiley & Sons Inc OneDimensional Nanostructures
Book SynopsisReviews the latest research breakthroughs and applications Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes in 1991, one-dimensional nanostructures have been at the forefront of nanotechnology research, promising to provide the building blocks for a new generation of nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices. With contributions from 68 leading international experts, this book reviews both the underlying principles as well as the latest discoveries and applications in the field, presenting the state of the technology. Readers will find expert coverage of all major classes of one-dimensional nanostructures, including carbon nanotubes, semiconductor nanowires, organic molecule nanostructures, polymer nanofibers, peptide nanostructures, and supramolecular nanostructures. Moreover, the book offers unique insights into the future of one-dimensional nanostructures, with expert forecasts of new research breakthroughs and applications. One-Dimensional Nanostructures Trade Review“The book will be valuable to researchers, academicians, and students of chemistry, physics, materials science, and engineering, and will help chemical engineers advance their own investigations into the next generation of applications.” (Chemical Engineering Progress, 1 September 2013) “It should also help readers to pursue their own investigations to develop the next generation of applications in this exciting and relatively new field.” (Chemistry & Industry, 1 June 2013)Table of ContentsForeword xv Preface xvii Contributors xix 1 One-Dimensional Semiconductor Nanostructure Growth with Templates 1 Zhang Zhang and Stephan Senz 1.1 Introduction, 1 1.2 Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) as Templates, 4 1.2.1 Synthesis of Self-Organized AAO Membrane, 4 1.2.2 Synthesis of Polycrystalline Si Nanotubes, 5 1.2.3 AAO as Template for Si Nanowire Epitaxy, 8 1.3 Conclusion and Outlook, 16 Acknowledgments, 16 References, 16 2 Metal–Ligand Systems for Construction of One-Dimensional Nanostructures 19 Rub´en Mas-Ballest´e and F´elix Zamora 2.1 Introduction, 19 2.2 Microstructures Based on 1D Coordination Polymers, 20 2.2.1 Preparation Methods, 20 2.2.2 Structures, 21 2.2.3 Shape and Size Control, 23 2.2.4 Methods for Study of Microstructures, 24 2.2.5 Formation Mechanisms, 25 2.2.6 Properties and Applications, 26 2.3 Bundles and Single Molecules on Surfaces Based on 1D Coordination Polymers, 28 2.3.1 Isolation Methods and Morphological Characterization, 28 2.3.2 Tools for the Studies at the Molecular Level, 34 2.3.3 Properties Studied at Single-Molecule Level, 36 2.4 Conclusion and Outlook, 37 Acknowledgments, 38 References, 38 3 Supercritical Fluid–Liquid–Solid (SFLS) Growth of Semiconductor Nanowires 41 Brian A. Korgel 3.1 Introduction, 41 3.2 The SFLS Growth Mechanism, 42 3.2.1 Supercritical Fluids as a Reaction Medium for VLS-Like Nanowire Growth, 43 3.2.2 SFLS-Grown Nanowires, 44 3.3 Properties and Applications of SFLS-Grown Nanowires, 51 3.3.1 Mechanical Properties, 52 3.3.2 Printed Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors, 57 3.3.3 Silicon-Nanowire-Based Lithium Ion Battery Anodes, 59 3.3.4 Semiconductor Nanowire Fabric, 60 3.3.5 Other Applications, 61 3.4 Conclusion and Outlook, 61 Acknowledgments, 62 References, 62 4 Colloidal Semiconductor Nanowires 65 Zhen Li, Gaoqing (Max) Lu, Qiao Sun, Sean C. Smith, and Zhonghua Zhu 4.1 Introduction, 65 4.2 Theoretical Calculations, 66 4.2.1 Effective Mass Multiband Method (EMMM), 66 4.2.2 Empirical Pseudopotential Method (EPM), 68 4.2.3 Charge Patching Method (CPM), 69 4.3 Synthesis of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanowires, 70 4.3.1 Oriented Attachment, 71 4.3.2 Template Strategy, 76 4.3.3 Solution–Liquid–Solid Growth, 79 4.4 Properties of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanowires, 85 4.4.1 Optical Properties of Semiconductor Nanowires, 85 4.4.2 Electronic Properties of Semiconductor Nanowires, 87 4.4.3 Magnetic Properties of Semiconductor Nanowires, 89 4.5 Applications of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanowires, 90 4.5.1 Semiconductor Nanowires for Energy Conversion, 90 4.5.2 Semiconductor Nanowires in Life Sciences, 92 4.6 Conclusion and Outlook, 94 Acknowledgments, 95 References, 95 5 Core–Shell Effect on Nucleation and Growth of Epitaxial Silicide in Nanowire of Silicon 105 Yi-Chia Chou and King-Ning Tu 5.1 Introduction, 105 5.2 Core–Shell Effects on Materials, 105 5.3 Nucleation and Growth of Silicides in Silicon Nanowires, 106 5.3.1 Nanoscale Silicide Formation by Point Contact Reaction, 107 5.3.2 Supply Limit Reaction in Point Contact Reactions, 107 5.3.3 Repeating Event of Nucleation, 107 5.4 Core–Shell Effect on Nucleation of Nanoscale Silicides, 109 5.4.1 Introduction to Solid-State Nucleation, 109 5.4.2 Stepflow of Si Nanowire Growth at Silicide/Si Interface, 109 5.4.3 Observation of Homogeneous Nucleation in Silicide Epitaxial Growth, 110 5.4.4 Theory of Homogeneous Nucleation and Correlation with Experiments, 111 5.4.5 Homogeneous Nucleation–Supersaturation, 113 5.4.6 Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Nucleation of Nanoscale Silicides, 113 Acknowledgments, 115 References, 115 6 Selected Properties of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes 119 H. S. S. Ramakrishna Matte, K. S. Subrahmanyam, A. Govindaraj, and C. N. R. Rao 6.1 Introduction, 119 6.2 Structure and Properties of Graphene, 119 6.2.1 Electronic Structure, 119 6.2.2 Raman Spectroscopy, 120 6.2.3 Chemical Doping, 121 6.2.4 Electronic and Magnetic Properties, 122 6.2.5 Molecular Charge Transfer, 127 6.2.6 Decoration with Metal Nanoparticles, 128 6.3 Structure and Properties of Carbon Nanotubes, 130 6.3.1 Structure, 130 6.3.2 Raman Spectroscopy, 132 6.3.3 Electrical Properties, 133 6.3.4 Doping, 134 6.3.5 Molecular Charge Transfer, 136 6.3.6 Decoration with Metal Nanoparticles, 137 6.4 Conclusion and Outlook, 138 References, 138 7 One-Dimensional Semiconductor Nanowires: Synthesis and Raman Scattering 145 Jun Zhang, Jian Wu, and Qihua Xiong 7.1 Introduction, 145 7.2 Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of 1D Semiconductor Nanowires, 146 7.2.1 Nanowire Synthesis, 146 7.2.2 Synthesis of 1D Semiconductor Nanowires, 147 7.2.3 1D Semiconductor Heterostructures, 151 7.3 Raman Scattering in 1D Nanowires, 153 7.3.1 Phonon Confinement Effect, 153 7.3.2 Radial Breathing Modes, 155 7.3.3 Surface Phonon Modes, 156 7.3.4 Antenna Effect, 158 7.3.5 Stimulated Raman Scattering, 160 7.4 Conclusions and Outlook, 161 Acknowledgment, 161 References, 161 8 Optical Properties and Applications of Hematite (α-Fe2O3) Nanostructures 167 Yichuan Ling, Damon A. Wheeler, Jin Zhong Zhang, and Yat Li 8.1 Introduction, 167 8.2 Synthesis of 1D Hematite Nanostructures, 167 8.2.1 Nanowires, 168 8.2.2 Nanotubes, 169 8.2.3 Element-Doped 1D Hematite Structures, 170 8.3 Optical Properties, 171 8.3.1 Electronic Transitions in Hematite, 171 8.3.2 Steady-State Absorption, 172 8.3.3 Photoluminescence, 174 8.4 Charge Carrier Dynamics in Hematite, 175 8.4.1 Background on Time-Resolved Studies of Nanostructures, 175 8.4.2 Carrier Dynamics of Hematite Nanostructures, 175 8.5 Applications, 178 8.5.1 Photocatalysis, 178 8.5.2 Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting, 179 8.5.3 Photovoltaics, 180 8.5.4 Gas Sensors, 181 8.5.5 Conclusion And Outlook, 181 Acknowledgments, 181 References, 181 9 Doping Effect on Novel Optical Properties of Semiconductor Nanowires 185 Bingsuo Zou, Guozhang Dai, and Ruibin Liu 9.1 Introduction, 185 9.2 Results and Discussion, 185 9.2.1 Bound Exciton Condensation in Mn(II)-Doped ZnO Nanowire, 185 9.2.2 Fe(III)-Doped ZnO Nanowire and Visible Emission Cavity Modes, 192 9.2.3 Sn(IV) Periodically Doped CdS Nanowire and Coupled Optical Cavity Modes, 199 9.3 Conclusion and Outlook, 203 Acknowledgment, 203 References, 203 10 Quantum Confinement Phenomena in Bioinspired and Biological Peptide Nanostructures 207 Gil Rosenman and Nadav Amdursky 10.1 Introduction, 207 10.2 Bioinspired Peptide Nanostructures, 208 10.3 Peptide Nanostructured Materials (PNM): Intrinsic Basic Physics, 209 10.4 Experimental Techniques With Peptide Nanotubes (PNTs), 209 10.4.1 PNT Vapor Deposition Method, 209 10.4.2 PNT Patterning, 211 10.5 Quantum Confinement in PNM Structures, 212 10.5.1 Quantum Dot Structure in Peptide Nanotubes and Spheres, 212 10.5.2 Structurally Induced Quantum Dot–to–Quantum Well Transition in Peptide Hydrogels, 219 10.5.3 Quantum Well Structure in Vapor-Deposited Peptide Nanofibers, 221 10.5.4 Thermally Induced Phase Transition in Peptide Quantum Structures, 225 10.5.5 Quantum Confinement in Amyloid Proteins, 229 10.6 Conclusions, 231 Acknowledgment, 233 References, 233 11 One-Dimensional Nanostructures for Energy Harvesting 237 Zhiyong Fan, Johnny C. Ho, and Baoling Huang 11.1 Introduction, 237 11.2 Growth and Fabrication of 1D Nanomaterials, 237 11.2.1 Generic Vapor-Phase Growth, 237 11.2.2 Direct Assembly of 1D Nanomaterials with Template-Based Growth, 238 11.3 1D Nanomaterials for Solar Energy Harvesting, 240 11.3.1 Fundamentals of Nanowire Photovoltaic Devices, 240 11.3.2 Performance Limiting Factors of Nanowire Solar Cells, 241 11.3.3 Investigation of Nanowire Array Properties, 242 11.3.4 Photovoltaic Devices Based on 1D Nanomaterial Arrays, 244 11.4 1D Nanomaterials for Piezoelectric Energy Conversion, 247 11.4.1 Piezoelectric Properties of ZnO Nanowires, 248 11.4.2 ZnO Nanowire Array Nanogenerators, 249 11.5 1D Nanomaterials for Thermoelectric Energy Conversion, 253 11.5.1 Thermoelectric Transport Properties, 254 11.5.2 Enhancement of ZT : From Bulk to Nanoscale, 256 11.5.3 Thermoelectric Nanowires, 257 11.5.4 Characterization of Thermoelectric Behavior of Nanowires, 261 11.6 Summary and Outlook, 263 Acknowledgment, 264 References, 264 12 p –n Junction Silicon Nanowire Arrays For Photovoltaic Applications 271 Jun Luo and Jing Zhu 12.1 Introduction, 271 12.2 Fabrication Of p − n Junction Silicon Nanowire Arrays, 271 12.2.1 Top–Down Approach, 271 12.2.2 Bottom–UP Approach, 273 12.3 Characterization of p − n Junctions in Silicon Nanowire Arrays, 274 12.4 Photovoltaic Application of p − n Junction Silicon Nanowire Arrays, 277 12.4.1 Photovoltaic Devices Based on Axial Junction Nanowire Arrays, 277 12.4.2 Photovoltaic Devices Based on Radial Junction Nanowire Arrays, 282 12.4.3 Photovoltaic Devices Based on Individual Junction Nanowires, 285 12.5 Conclusion and Outlook, 288 Acknowledgment, 291 References, 292 13 One-Dimensional Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Lithium Ion Batteries 295 Huiqiao Li, De Li, and Haoshen Zhou 13.1 Introduction, 295 13.2 Operating Principles of Lithium Ion Batteries, 295 13.3 Advantages of Nanomaterials for Lithium Batteries, 296 13.4 Cathode Materials of 1D Nanostructure, 297 13.4.1 Background, 297 13.4.2 Vanadium-Based Oxides, 298 13.4.3 Manganese-Based Oxides, 303 13.5 Anode Materials of 1D Nanostructure, 307 13.5.1 Background, 307 13.5.2 Titanium Oxides Based on Intercalation Reaction, 307 13.5.3 Metal Oxides Based on Conventional Reaction, 311 13.5.4 Tin- or Silicon-Based Materials, 313 13.6 Challenges and Perspectives of Nanomaterials, 315 13.7 Conclusion, 316 References, 317 14 Carbon Nanotube (CNT)-Based High-Performance Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices 321 Lian-Mao Peng, Zhiyong Zhang, Sheng Wang, and Yan Li 14.1 Introduction, 321 14.2 Controlled Growth Of Single-Walled CNT (SWCNT) Arrays on Substrates, 322 14.2.1 Catalysts for Growth of SWCNT Arrays, 322 14.2.2 Orientation Control of SWCNTs, 323 14.2.3 Position, Density, and Diameter Control of SWCNTs, 323 14.2.4 Bandgap and Property Control of SWCNTs, 323 14.3 Doping-Free Fabrication and Performance of CNT FETs, 324 14.3.1 High-Performance n- and p-Type CNT FETs, 325 14.3.2 Integration of High-κ Materials with CNT FETs, 326 14.3.3 Comparisons between Si- and CNT-Based FETs, 327 14.3.4 Temperature Performance of CNT FETs, 329 14.4 CNT-Based Optoelectronic Devices, 331 14.4.1 CNT-Based p–n Junction and Diode Characteristics, 331 14.4.2 CNT Photodetectors, 331 14.4.3 CNT Light Emitting Diodes, 333 14.5 Outlook, 335 Acknowledgment, 336 References, 336 15 Properties and Devices of Single One-Dimensional Nanostructure: Application of Scanning Probe Microscopy 339 Wei-Guang Xie, Jian-Bin Xu, and Jin An 15.1 Introduction, 339 15.2 Atomic Structures and Density of States, 340 15.2.1 Carbon Nanotubes, 340 15.2.2 Defects, 342 15.2.3 One-Dimensional Nanostructure of Silicon, 343 15.2.4 Other One-Dimensional Nanostructures, 344 15.2.5 Atomic Structure of Carbon Nanotubes by Atomic Force Microscopy, 344 15.3 In situ Device Characterization, 345 15.4 Substrate Effects, 350 15.5 Surface Effects, 351 15.6 Doping, 353 15.7 Summary, 356 Acknowledgments, 356 References, 356 16 More Recent Advances in One-Dimensional Metal Oxide Nanostructures: Optical and Optoelectronic Applications 359 Lei Liao and Xiangfeng Duan 16.1 Introduction, 359 16.2 Synthesis and Physical Properties of 1D Metal Oxide, 359 16.2.1 Top–Down Method, 360 16.2.2 Bottom–Up Approach, 360 16.2.3 Physical Properties of 1D Metal Oxide Nanostructures, 360 16.3 More Recent Advances in Device Application Based on 1D Metal Oxide Nanostructures, 360 16.3.1 Waveguides, 361 16.3.2 LEDs, 363 16.3.3 Lasing, 367 16.3.4 Solar Cells, 371 16.3.5 Photodetectors, 373 16.4 Challenges and Perspectives, 374 Acknowledgments, 375 References, 375 17 Organic One-Dimensional Nanostructures: Construction and Optoelectronic Properties 381 Yong Sheng Zhao and Jiannian Yao 17.1 Introduction, 381 17.2 Construction Strategies, 382 17.2.1 Self-Assembly in Liquid Phase, 382 17.2.2 Template-Induced Growth, 382 17.2.3 Synthesis of Organic 1D Nanocomposites in Liquid Phase, 383 17.2.4 Morphology Control with Molecular Design, 384 17.2.5 Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), 386 17.3 Optoelectronic Properties, 387 17.3.1 Multicolor Emission, 387 17.3.2 Electroluminescence and Field Emission, 387 17.3.3 Optical Waveguides, 388 17.3.4 Lasing, 389 17.3.5 Tunable Emission from Binary Organic Nanowires, 390 17.3.6 Waveguide Modulation, 391 17.3.7 Chemical Vapor Sensors, 392 17.4 Conclusion and Perspectives, 393 Acknowledgment, 393 References, 394 18 Controllable Growth and Assembly of One-Dimensional Structures of Organic Functional Materials for Optoelectronic Applications 397 Lang Jiang, Huanli Dong, and Wenping Hu 18.1 Introduction, 397 18.2 Synthetic Methods for Producing 1D Organic Nanostructures, 398 18.2.1 Vapor Methods, 398 18.2.2 Solution Methods, 399 18.3 Controllable Growth and Assembly of 1D Ordered Nanostructures, 400 18.3.1 Template/Mold-Assisted Methods, 400 18.3.2 Substrate-Induced Methods, 400 18.3.3 External-Force-Assisted Growth, 400 18.4 Optoelectronic Applications of 1D Nanostructures, 405 18.4.1 Organic Photovoltaic Cells, 405 18.4.2 Organic Field-Effect Transistors, 406 18.4.3 Photoswitches and Phototransistors, 408 18.5 Conclusion and Outlook, 408 Acknowledgments, 410 References, 410 19 Type II Antimonide-Based Superlattices: A One-Dimensional Bulk Semiconductor 415 Manijeh Razeghi and Binh-Minh Nguyen 19.1 Introduction, 415 19.2 Material System and Variants of Type II Superlattices, 415 19.2.1 The 6.1 Angstrom Family, 415 19.2.2 Type II InAs/GaSb Superlattices, 416 19.2.3 Variants of Sb-Based Superlattices, 416 19.3 One-Dimensional Physics of Type II Superlattices, 418 19.3.1 Qualitative Description of Type II Superlattices, 418 19.3.2 Numerical Calculation of Type II Superlattice Band Structure, 421 19.3.3 Band Structure Result, 424 19.3.4 M Structure Superlattices, 427 19.4 Type II Superlattices for Infrared Detection and Imaging, 428 19.4.1 Theoretical Modeling and Device Architecture Optimization, 428 19.4.2 Material Growth and Structural Characterization, 428 19.4.3 Device Fabrication, 429 19.4.4 Integrated Measurement System, 429 19.4.5 Focal Plane Arrays and Infrared Imaging, 430 19.5 Summary, 432 Acknowledgments, 432 References, 433 20 Quasi One-Dimensional Metal Oxide Nanostructures for Gas Sensors 435 Andrea Ponzoni, Guido Faglia, and Giorgio Sberveglieri 20.1 Introduction, 435 20.2 Working Principle, 435 20.2.1 Electrical Conduction in Metal Oxides, 435 20.2.2 Adsorption/Desorption Phenomena, 436 20.2.3 Transduction Mechanism, 436 20.2.4 Sensor Response Parameters, 438 20.3 Bundled Nanowire Devices, 438 20.3.1 Integration of Nanowires into Functional Devices, 438 20.3.2 Conductometric Gas Sensors, 439 20.4 Single-Nanowire Devices, 442 20.4.1 Integration of Nanowires into Functional Devices, 442 20.4.2 Role of Electrical Contacts, 442 20.4.3 Conductometric Gas Sensors, 443 20.4.4 Field-Effect Transistor (FET) Devices Based on Single Nanowires, 445 20.5 Electronic Nose, 445 20.5.1 Chemical Sensitization, 446 20.5.2 Gradient Array (KAMINA Platform), 446 20.5.3 Mixed Arrays, 447 20.6 Optical Gas Sensors, 447 20.6.1 Experimental Observations, 448 20.6.2 Working Mechanism, 448 20.7 Conclusions, 450 Acknowledgments, 450 References, 450 21 One-Dimensional Nanostructures in Plasmonics 455 Xuefeng Gu, Teng Qiu, and Paul K. Chu 21.1 Introduction, 455 21.2 1D plasmonic Waveguides, 456 21.2.1 Tradeoff between Light Confinement and Propagation Length, 456 21.2.2 Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) Propagation along Nanoparticle Chains, 456 21.2.3 SPP Propagation along Nanowires, 457 21.2.4 Hybrid Waveguiding Nanostructures, 457 21.2.5 Enhanced SPP Coupling between Nanowires and External Devices, 457 21.3 1D Nanostructures in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering, 459 21.3.1 Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering, 459 21.3.2 Nanowires in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering, 460 21.3.3 Nanorods in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering, 461 21.3.4 Nanotubes in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering, 462 21.4 Plasmonic 1D Nanostructures in Photovoltaics, 464 21.4.1 Solar Cells with 1D Nanostructures as Building Elements, 465 21.4.2 Plasmonic 1D Nanostructures for Improved Photovoltaics, 466 21.5 Conclusion And Outlook, 467 Acknowledgments, 469 References, 469 22 Lateral Metallic Nanostructures for Spintronics 473 Marius V. Costache, Bart J. van Wees, and Sergio O. Valenzuela 22.1 Introduction, 473 22.2 Introduction to Spin Transport in 1D Systems, 474 22.3 Fabrication Techniques For Lateral Spin Devices, 476 22.3.1 Electron Beam Lithography, 476 22.3.2 Multistep Process Using Ion Milling for Clean Interfaces, 476 22.3.3 Shadow Evaporation Technique for Tunnel Barriers, 476 22.4 Examples of Devices Fabricated Using The Shadow Evaporation Technique, 478 Acknowledgments, 481 References, 481 23 One-Dimensional Inorganic Nanostructures for Field Emitters 483 Tianyou Zhai, Xi Wang, Liang Li, Yoshio Bando, and Dmitri Golberg 23.1 Introduction, 483 23.2 Key Factors Affecting Field Emission (FE) Performance of 1D Nanostructures, 484 23.2.1 Morphology Effects, 484 23.2.2 Phase Structure Effects, 490 23.2.3 Temperature Effects, 490 23.2.4 Light Illumination Effects, 491 23.2.5 Gas Exposure Effects, 492 23.2.6 Substrate Effects, 492 23.2.7 Gap Effects, 493 23.2.8 Composition Effects, 493 23.2.9 Hetero/branched Structure Effects, 496 23.3 Conclusion and Outlook, 497 Acknowledgment, 499 References, 499 24 One-Dimensional Field-Effect Transistors 503 Joachim Knoch 24.1 Introduction, 503 24.2 An Introduction to Field-Effect Transistors, 503 24.2.1 Fundamental Properties of Field-Effect Transistors, 503 24.2.2 One-Dimensional Geometry of Nanowires and Nanotubes, 505 24.2.3 Density of States or Quantum Capacitance, 506 24.3 One-Dimensional FETs, 508 24.3.1 Impact of Dimensionality and Dependence on Effective Mass: 1D versus 2D, 508 24.3.2 Scaling to Quantum Capacitance Limit: Intrinsic Device Performance, 508 24.3.3 Extrinsic Device Performance, 510 24.4 Conclusion and Outlook, 512 References, 512 25 Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors for Electrical Interfacing with Cells and Tissue 515 Bozhi Tian 25.1 Introduction, 515 25.1.1 How Nanowire (NW) Sensors Work, 515 25.1.2 Nanoscale Morphology for Cellular Interfacing, 516 25.2 Discussion, 516 25.2.1 Device Fabrication and Basic Characteristics, 516 25.2.2 Advantages of NWFET Sensing and Recording Systems, 517 25.2.3 Extracellular Interfaces of NWFET and Tissue/Cells, 518 25.2.4 Intracellular Interfaces of NWFET and Cells, 524 25.3 Conclusion and Outlook, 526 Acknowledgment, 528 References, 528 Author Biographies 531 Index 551
£128.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc SelfAssembly and Nanotechnology Systems
Book SynopsisA fundamental resource for understanding and developing effective self-assembly and nanotechnology systems Systematically integrating self-assembly, nanoassembly, and nanofabrication into one easy-to-use source, Self-Assembly and Nanotechnology Systems effectively helps students, professors, and researchers comprehend and develop applicable techniques for use in the field. Through case studies, countless examples, clear questions, and general applications, this book provides experiment-oriented techniques for designing, applying, and characterizing self-assembly and nanotechnology systems. Self-Assembly and Nanotechnology Systems includes: Techniques for identifying assembly building units Practical assembly methods to focus on when developing nanomaterials, nanostructures, nanoproperties, nanofabricated systems, and nanomechanics Algorithmic diagrams in each chapter for a general overview Schematics designedTrade Review“While the book may be too challenging for many general readers, it may turn out to be a useful resource for training postgraduate students in the field of self-assembly.” (Chemistry & Industry, 1 June 2012) Table of ContentsPREFACE xvii ABBREVIATIONS xix PART I BUILDING UNITS 1 1 Self-Assembly Systems 3 1.1. Self-Assembly / 4 1.2. Identification of Building Units / 6 1.2.1. What Is a Self-Assembly Building Unit? / 6 1.2.2. Segmental Analysis / 7 1.2.2.1. Three Fundamental Segments / 7 1.2.2.2. Two Additional Segments / 11 1.3. Implication of Building Unit Structures for Self-Assemblies / 15 1.4. General Assembly Diagram / 17 1.5. Collection of Building Units / 23 1.5.1. Basic Building Units / 23 1.5.2. Directionally Assembling Building Units / 26 1.5.3. Asymmetrically Packing Building Units / 28 1.5.4. Functional Building Units / 28 1.6. Concluding Remarks / 30 References / 31 2 Nanotechnology Systems 33 2.1. Nanoassembly / 35 2.2. Identification of Building Units / 37 2.2.1. What Is a Nanoassembly Building Unit? / 37 2.2.2. Fabrication Building Units / 38 2.2.3. Reactive Building Units / 40 2.3. Nanoelements / 41 2.4. Implication of Building Unit Structures for Nanoassemblies / 42 2.5. General Assembly Diagram / 45 2.6. Self-Assembly, Nanoassembly, and Nanofabrication / 51 2.7. Collection of Building Units / 54 2.7.1. Ligand-Protected Nanoparticles / 54 2.7.2. Functional Surfaces / 56 2.7.3. Reactive Precursors / 57 2.7.4. Substrates / 57 2.7.5. Reducing Agents / 58 2.8. Concluding Remarks / 58 References / 60 PART II DESIGN 61 3 Identification of Self-Assembly Capability 63 3.1. Assembly Issue / 63 3.2. General Overview / 64 3.3. Assembly Principles / 65 3.3.1. Molecular Self-Assembly / 65 3.3.1.1. Ionic Surfactants / 69 3.3.1.2. Nonionic Surfactants / 70 3.3.2. Colloidal Self-Assembly / 71 3.3.2.1. Colloids with Different Origins / 74 3.3.2.2. Colloids with Different Sizes / 75 3.3.3. Directionally Assembling Systems / 77 3.3.4. Self-Assembly at Surfaces / 81 3.3.4.1. Hydrophobic Surfaces / 82 3.3.4.2. Hydrophilic Surfaces / 87 3.4. Collection of Primary Self-Assembled Aggregates / 89 3.5. Summary / 89 References / 91 4 Identification of Multi-Step Self-Assemblies 93 4.1. Assembly Issue / 93 4.2. General Overview / 94 4.3. Assembly Principles / 96 4.3.1. Molecular Self-Assembly of Surfactants / 97 4.3.2. Colloidal Self-Assembly / 102 4.4. Collection of Higher-Order Self-Assembled Aggregates / 105 4.5. Collection of Self-Assembled Aggregates within Biological Systems / 107 4.6. Summary / 108 References / 110 5 Control of the Structures of Self-Assembled Aggregates 111 5.1. Assembly Issue / 111 5.2. General Overview / 112 5.2.1. Primary Self-Assembled Aggregates / 112 5.2.2. Higher-Order Self-Assembled Aggregates / 113 5.3. Assembly Principles / 115 5.3.1. Primary Self-Assembled Aggregates / 115 5.3.1.1. Molecular Systems I / 117 5.3.1.2. Molecular Systems II / 121 5.3.1.3. Colloidal Systems / 125 5.3.2. Higher-Order Self-Assembled Aggregates / 130 5.3.2.1. Molecular Systems / 132 5.3.2.2. Colloidal Systems / 134 5.4. Collection of the Structures of Self-Assembled Aggregates / 136 5.4.1. Primary Self-Assembled Aggregates / 136 5.4.2. Higher-Order Self-Assembled Aggregates / 137 5.5. Summary / 139 References / 140 6 Hierarchy and Chirality of Self-Assembled Aggregates 141 6.1. Assembly Issue / 141 6.2. General Overview / 142 6.3. Assembly Principles / 143 6.3.1. Molecular Systems / 145 6.3.2. Surface Systems / 148 6.4. Collection of Hierarchy within Self-Assembled Aggregates / 156 6.5. Collection of Chirality Expressed by Self-Assembled Aggregates / 157 6.6. Summary / 159 References / 160 7 Assembly with Multiple Building Units 161 7.1. Assembly Issue / 161 7.2. General Overview / 163 7.3. Assembly Principles / 164 7.3.1. Analysis of Building Units / 164 7.3.2. Assembly of Nanoassembled Systems / 168 7.3.2.1. Homogeneous Assemblies / 168 7.3.2.2. Sequential Assemblies / 172 7.3.2.3. Hierarchical Assemblies / 177 7.3.3. General Assembly Trends / 180 7.3.3.1. Homogeneous Assemblies / 180 7.3.3.2. Heterogeneous Assemblies I / 182 7.3.3.3. Surface Assemblies / 183 7.3.3.4. Heterogeneous Assemblies II / 184 7.4. Collection of Nanoassembled Systems I / 185 7.5. Collection of Nanoporous Solids / 186 7.5.1. Synthetic Zeolites / 187 7.5.2. Metal-Organic Frameworks / 189 7.6. Summary / 189 References / 189 8 Directed and Forced Assemblies 191 8.1. Assembly Issue / 191 8.2. General Overview / 192 8.3. Assembly Principles / 196 8.3.1. Analysis of Building Units / 196 8.3.2. Assembly under External Forces / 199 8.3.2.1. Forced Assemblies / 199 8.3.2.2. Directed/Forced Assemblies / 204 8.3.2.3. Directed Assemblies / 208 8.3.3. General Assembly Trends under External Forces / 213 8.3.3.1. Forced Assemblies / 214 8.3.3.2. Directed/Forced Assemblies / 215 8.3.3.3. Directed Assemblies / 216 8.3.3.4. Window of Critical External Forces / 218 8.4. Techniques for Directed and Forced Assemblies / 219 8.5. Surface-Induced Directed and Forced Assemblies / 220 8.6. Collection of Nanoassembled Systems II / 220 8.7. Summary / 222 References / 222 PART III APPLICATIONS 225 9 External Signal–Responsive Nanomaterials 227 9.1. Nanoissue / 227 9.2. General Overview / 228 9.3. Assembly Principles / 231 9.3.1. External Signal–Responsive Molecular Assemblies / 231 9.3.1.1. Light-Responsive Assemblies / 232 9.3.1.2. Catalytic Reaction–Responsive Assemblies / 235 9.3.1.3. Electrochemical-Responsive Assemblies / 237 9.3.1.4. Solution pH–Responsive Assemblies / 239 9.3.2. External Signal–Responsive Colloidal Assemblies / 242 9.3.2.1. Thermo-Responsive Assemblies / 244 9.3.2.2. Solution pH–Responsive Assemblies / 245 9.3.2.3. Magnetic Field–Responsive Assemblies / 247 9.4. Collection of External Signal–Responsive Assembly Systems / 250 9.5. From Assembly Systems to Nanomaterials / 250 9.6. Collection of External Signal–Responsive Nanomaterials / 253 9.7. Summary / 254 References / 255 10 Nanomaterials with Intrinsic Functionalities 257 10.1. Nanoissue / 257 10.2. General Overview / 258 10.3. Assembly Principles / 261 10.3.1. Molecular Assembled Systems / 263 10.3.2. Colloidal Assembled Systems / 267 10.4. From Assembled Systems to Nanomaterials / 270 10.5. Collection of Nanomaterials with Intrinsic Functionalities / 270 10.6. Summary / 272 References / 272 11 Nanostructures: Designed to Perform 275 11.1. Nanoissue / 275 11.2. General Overview / 276 11.3. Assembly Principles / 277 11.3.1. Analysis of Building Units / 277 11.3.2. Nanostructure Assemblies / 281 11.3.3. Nanopore-Based Nanostructures / 283 11.3.4. Nanoparticle-Based Nanostructures / 287 11.3.5. Nanofilm-Based Nanostructures / 292 11.3.6. General Trends / 297 11.4. Collection of Common Nanostructure Names / 298 11.5. Collection of Nanostructures and Their Applications / 298 11.6. Summary / 301 References / 303 12 Nanoproperties: Controlled to Express 305 12.1. Nanoissue / 305 12.2. General Overview / 306 12.3. Assembly Principles / 307 12.3.1. Analysis of Building Units / 307 12.3.2. Different Types of Nanoproperties / 313 12.3.3. Assemblies to Obtain Nanoproperties / 316 12.3.4. Individual Types of Nanoproperties / 318 12.3.5. Collective Types of Nanoproperties / 321 12.3.6. Cooperative Types of Nanoproperties / 324 12.3.7. General Trends / 327 12.4. Collection of Nanoproperties and Their Applications / 328 12.5. Summary / 329 References / 331 13 Nanofabricated Systems: Combined to Function 333 13.1. Nanoissue / 333 13.2. General Overview / 334 13.3. Fabrication Principles / 335 13.3.1. Analysis of Building Units / 336 13.3.2. Nanofabrication / 340 13.3.3. Bottom-Up Approach / 342 13.3.4. Top-Down Approach / 345 13.3.5. Bottom-Up/Top-Down Hybrid Approach / 347 13.3.6. General Trends / 350 13.4. Collection of Top-Down Techniques / 352 13.5. Collection of Top-Down Bulk Materials and Functionalizing Agents / 352 13.6. Collection of Nanofabricated Systems and Their Applications / 353 13.7. Summary / 353 References / 356 14 Nanomechanical Movements: Combined to Operate 359 14.1. Nanoissue / 359 14.2. General Overview / 360 14.3. Fabrication Principles / 361 14.3.1. Element Motions / 361 14.3.2. Working Mechanisms / 362 14.3.3. Analysis of Building Units / 364 14.3.4. Periodic Push Motions / 372 14.3.5. Periodic Pull Motions / 374 14.3.6. Push–Pull Motion Cycles / 375 14.3.7. Periodic Push Motions under Guide Motion / 378 14.3.8. Periodic Pull Motions under Guide Motion / 380 14.3.9. Push–Pull Motion Cycles under Guide Motion / 383 14.3.10. General Trends / 385 14.4. Collection of Nanomechanical Movements / 386 14.5. Summary / 390 References / 390 PART IV CHARACTERIZATION 393 15 Assembly Forces and Measurements 395 15.1. Intermolecular and Colloidal Forces / 395 15.2. Collection of Intermolecular and Colloidal Forces / 396 15.3. Measurements of Intermolecular and Colloidal Forces / 396 15.3.1. Atomic Force Microscopy / 396 15.3.2. Surface Forces Apparatus / 398 15.4. Collection of Measurement Techniques / 399 15.5. Implications of Building Unit Structures for Characterization / 399 References / 402 16 Assembly Processes and Critical Behaviors 405 16.1. Critical Behaviors as the Characterization Guide of Assembly Processes / 405 16.2. Characterization Principles / 407 16.2.1. Self-Assembly Capability / 407 16.2.1.1. Molecular Systems / 407 16.2.1.2. Colloidal Systems / 409 16.2.2. Multi-Step Self-Assemblies / 410 16.2.2.1. Molecular Systems / 410 16.2.2.2. Colloidal Systems / 412 16.3. Collection of Physical Properties to Measure / 413 16.4. Collection of Critical Assembly Parameters / 414 References / 414 17 Assembled Systems and Structural Properties 417 17.1. Structural Properties for the Characterization of Assembled Systems / 417 17.2. Characterization Principles / 419 17.2.1. Structures of Primary Assembled Systems / 419 17.2.1.1. Molecular Systems / 419 17.2.1.2. Colloidal Systems / 421 17.2.2. Structures of Higher-Order Assembled Systems / 422 17.2.3. Hierarchy and Chirality / 422 17.2.4. Effect of External Forces / 425 17.2.5. Functional Assembled Systems / 426 17.3. Collection of Structural Properties to Measure / 427 References / 427 18 Modeling and Simulations 429 18.1. Assembly Systems Are Big and Multi-Scaled / 429 18.2. Classic Models / 430 18.2.1. Thermodynamic Models / 430 18.2.2. Colloidal Model / 430 18.2.3. Geometrical Model / 431 18.2.4. Elastic Model / 431 18.2.5. Isotherms / 431 18.3. Simulations / 431 18.3.1. Electronic Simulations / 432 18.3.1.1. Density Functional Theory / 432 18.3.1.2. Mean-Field Theory / 433 18.3.2. Atomistic Simulations / 433 18.3.2.1. Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo Methods / 433 18.3.3. Coarse-Grained Simulations / 433 18.3.3.1. Dissipative Particle Dynamics / 434 18.3.3.2. Patchy Particle Model / 434 18.3.3.3. Brownian Dynamics / 435 18.3.3.4. BRAHMS / 435 18.3.3.5. MARTINI / 436 18.3.4. Continuum Simulations / 436 18.3.5. Multi-Scale Simulations / 436 18.4. Concluding Remarks / 437 References / 437 EPILOGUE Informatics for Self-Assembly and Nanotechnology Systems 441 E.1. Background / 441 E.2. Definition and Principle / 443 E.3. Structure / 444 E.4. Development and Benefits / 445 E.5. Challenges / 446 References / 446 INDEX 449
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John Wiley & Sons Inc Cesp Set 2013
Book SynopsisThe Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceeding has been published by The American Ceramic Society since 1980. This series contains a collection of papers dealing with issues in both traditional ceramics (i.e. , glass, whitewares, refractories, and porcelain enamel) and advanced ceramics.
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John Wiley & Sons Inc Organic LightEmitting Transistors
Book SynopsisProvides an overview of the developments and applications of Organic Light Emitting Transistors (OLETs) science and technology This book discusses the scientific fundamentals and key technological features of Organic Light Emitting Transistors (OLETs) by putting them in the context of organic electronics and photonics. The characteristics of OLETs are benchmarked to those of OLEDs for applications in Flat Panel Displays and sensing technology. The authors provide a comparative analysis between OLED and OLET devices in order to highlight the fundamental differences in terms of device architecture and working principles, and to point out the enabling nature of OLETs for truly flexible displays. The book then explores the principles of OLET devices, their basic optoelectronic characteristics, the properties of currently available materials, processing and fabrication techniques, and the different approaches adopted to structure the active channel and to control organic anTable of Contents1 Introduction 1 2 Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes 5 2.1 Oled Device Structure and Working Principles 5 2.2 Applications of Oled Technology 20 2.3 Diode Versus Transistor Architecture for Light Emission 31 2.4 Conclusions 38 References 38 3 Organic Light‐Emitting Transistors: Concept, Structure, and Optoelectronic Characteristics 45 3.1 Working Principles of Olets 46 3.2 Device Structures 57 3.3 Thin‐Film Olets 61 3.3.1 Single‐Layer Olets 61 3.3.2 Multilayer Olets 68 3.4 Single‐Crystal Olet 73 3.5 Conclusions 82 References 82 4 Key Building Blocks of Olets 87 4.1 Dielectric Layer 87 4.2 Emissive Ambipolar Semiconductors 103 4.3 Charge‐Injecting Electrodes 129 4.4 Conclusions 146 References 146 5 Charge‐Transport and Photophysical Processes in Olets 153 5.1 Charge Transport in Olets 153 5.2 Fundamental Excitonic Processes and Modeling of Olets 170 5.3 Excitonic Recombination and Emitting Area in Olets 180 5.4 Conclusions 195 References 196 6 Photonic Properties of Olets 201 6.1 External Quantum Efficiency 201 6.2 Brightness 212 6.3 Light Outcoupling and Emission Directionality 220 6.4 A Possible Route for Organic Injection Lasing 230 6.5 Conclusions 236 References 236 7 Applications Of Organic Light‐Emitting Transistors 243 7.1 Olet Display Technology 244 7.2 Olet‐Based Sensing 254 7.3 Open Issues and Next Development Targets 265 7.3.1 Color Gamut 265 7.3.2 Power Efficiency 267 7.3.3 Lifetime 268 7.4 Conclusions 271 References 271 8 Conclusions 277 Index 279
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