Mathematics and Science Books

Book SynopsisThis well-illustrated book highlights freshwater mussels' fabulous diversity, amazing array of often bizarre ecological adaptations and their dire conservation plight. It provides the first comprehensive review of a wide variety of topics in mussel ecology and conservation for scientists, natural resource professionals, students and natural history enthusiasts.Trade Review'This book provides a thorough literature review of the available information, and a detailed analysis and synthesis of this information. Haag does a magnificent job at compiling this information, summarizing it, and attempts to make some important inferences based on the available data. Overall, the book is a fantastic contribution to the ecological literature and … very nicely produced … Given the wealth of information within this book and the thought-provoking synthesis, [it] should be a part of every aquatic ecologist's bookshelf.' Carla Atkinson, Ecology'… the first comprehensive modern review of natural history, biology, ecology and conservation of these highly endangered animals. This is the book I would have loved to have had as a graduate student first becoming interested in freshwater mussels. … I highly recommend this volume to all biologists working with freshwater mussels in any capacity including conservation, captive propagation, and biology and community ecology. It should be on the bookshelf of all freshwater biologists. I also recommend this volume to any person with questions or an interest in learning more about this highly endangered group of animals.' Freshwater Science'… the author provides an excellent and highly readable account of the diversity of this group in terms of biogeography, life history, and ecology, all in the context of conserving the group. This is a highly enjoyable read that finally gives a detailed answer to the frequently asked question heard in the field by most freshwater mussel biologists: 'can you eat 'em?' I am certain that it will serve as an outstanding reference and resource for anyone with an interest in aquatic ecology and conservation biology. With a thorough description of the history of freshwater mussel ecology to reviews of the latest modern literature, Haag highlights numerous important areas in need of additional research. This book is a 'must read' for biology students seeking novel ideas and untested hypotheses for research on freshwater mussels.' David T. Zanatta, The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of Contents1. Introduction to mussels and mussel ecology; 2. Catching the mussel bug: a history of the study of mussel ecology in North America; 3. Diversity and biogeography; 4. Aquatic habitats and mussel assemblages; 5. Host use and host infection strategies; 6. These are very different animals: life history variation in mussels; 7. Mussel population biology; 8. Putting it all together: explaining patterns of mussel assemblage structure; 9. Human exploitation of mussels; 10. The decline of the North American mussel fauna: chronology and causes; 11. Mussel conservation: the challenge of protecting a fragmented resource.

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Book SynopsisThis anthology documents the effect of Bacon's ideas in the remarkably fruitful period following 1660. It includes his sketch of a scientific research institute in the New Atlantis (1627), which inspired the founding of the Royal Society in 1662, as acknowledged by Thomas Sprat in its History, excerpted here.Trade Review'The editor offers a concise introduction to the works which highlight the importance of Bacon, the functions of the Royal Society, the relations between science and language and the impact of the former on the latter … There are excellent notes to the texts and eleven nicely placed plates. Apart from the illustration of prose style, the extracts clearly show the influence of Bacon's ideas, especially concerning the manner in which experimental results should be presented, on the major writings of the 1660s. For such reason this book is a good text for undergraduates, including those at an early stage in their studies.' Social Studies of Science, 18 (1988): 755'Brian Vickers's collection brings together extracts from the writings of English experimental philosophers of the seventeenth century. Its appearance … is a welcome sign of attempts to build bridges between literary studies and the history of science. The focus is well chosen: the experimentalists of the early Royal Society are an identifiable group, with a distinctive style of doing and writing natural philosophy, producing what Vickers calls 'the prose of experiment'. This is well represented here by extracts from a number of well-known works: Robert Boyle's Sceptical Chymist, Henry Power's Experimental Philosophy, Robert Hooke's Micrographia and Thomas Sprat's History of the Royal Society. Francis Bacon, whose writing inspired this group, is rightly given first place in the anthology, with his works Preparative Towards a Natural and Experimental History and New Atlantis. At the end of the period covered, the inclusion of Isaac Newton's New Theory about Light and Colours (1672) enables the reader to see the Baconian style of experimental writing being transformed into a more theoretical and axiomatic one. The presentation of the texts is of a high standard, and will unquestionably be useful for students. Helpful notes, a glossary and a select bibliography are provided.' British Journal for the History of Science, 21 (1988): 362-3Table of ContentsList of plates; Acknowledgements; Preface; Introduction; Part I. Francis Bacon (1561–1626): 1. Preparative towards a Natural and Experimental History, 1620; 2. New Atlantis, c.1624; Part II. Robert Boyle (1627–1691): 3. Experiments with the air-pump, 1660; 4. The Sceptical Chymist, 1661; Part III. Henry Power (1623–1668): 5. Experimental Philosophy, 1664; Part IV. Robert Hooke (1635–1702): 6. Micrographia, 1665; 7. On Earthquakes and Fossils, 1668; Part V. Thomas Sprat (1635–1713) 8. History of the Royal Society, 1667; Part VI. John Wilkins (1614–1672): 9. An Essay Towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language, 1668; Part VII. Isaac Newton (1642–1727): 10. A New Theory about Light and Colours, 1672; Appendix: Joseph Glanvill's stylistic revisions, 1661 and 1676; Glossary; Notes; Select bibliography.

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Book SynopsisBased on an established course and covering the fundamentals, central areas and contemporary topics of this diverse field, Fundamentals of Condensed Matter Physics is a much-needed textbook for graduate students. The book begins with an introduction to the modern conceptual models of a solid from the points of view of interacting atoms and elementary excitations. It then provides students with a thorough grounding in electronic structure and many-body interactions as a starting point to understand many properties of condensed matter systems - electronic, structural, vibrational, thermal, optical, transport, magnetic and superconducting - and methods to calculate them. Taking readers through the concepts and techniques, the text gives both theoretically and experimentally inclined students the knowledge needed for research and teaching careers in this field. It features 246 illustrations, 9 tables and 100 homework problems, as well as numerous worked examples, for students to test theirTrade Review'At the same time modern and classic, a text in the grand tradition of Kittel, and Ashcroft and Mermin, proposed by two great masters of condensed matter physics.' Erio Tosatti, SISSA and the International Centre for Theoretical Physics'An elegant and pedagogical journey into the basic foundations, concepts and techniques of condensed matter physics.' John D. Joannopoulos, Director of The Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology'This book, written by two physicists who have done groundbreaking work in the field, elegantly explains complex condensed matter physics concepts in a way that anyone with an average undergraduate education in mathematics and physics can read and understand. Such a book will be valuable not only for those who are theoretically inclined, but also for those who are going to pursue experimental or computational research in condensed matter physics or materials science. Even graduate students in engineering will find this book a useful text and reference.' Che Ting Chan, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology'[Fundamentals of Condensed Matter Physics] is based on lectures given as part of the condensed matter physics graduate course at the University of California, Berkeley since 1965. This course was taught over the years by one of the authors, either Marvin L. Cohen or Steven G. Louie. More than one thousand students have followed the lectures. It also includes 100 homework problems … There are sixteen chapters, each very well written, that give a good insight into important models in solid state physics. There are many books at the undergraduate level but at the graduate level books generally focus on specific topics. The Fundamentals of Condensed Matter Physics fills a much needed gap.' Yves Petroff, Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS)'Cohen and Louie do an admirable job of guiding the reader gradually from elementary concepts to advanced topics … The first two parts are required reading for the beginner planning to perform DFT calculations. The advanced student interested in conducting research in condensed-matter physics will benefit from continuing on to the last two parts. The narrative is aided by appropriate equations and detailed figures. References at the end of the book direct the reader to relevant books and review articles for each chapter. The authors present the underlying mathematics elegantly, which makes the textbook quite readable for those with a good mathematical background … This book covers new ground by explaining Feynman diagrams and by making a foray into the low-dimensional world of carbon nanotubes and graphene nanostructures. It fills the need for a rigorous graduate-level textbook, and is a required addition to the bookshelf of every condensed-matter physicist.' Ram Devanathan, MRS Bulletin'Is there room in this crowded market for yet another textbook? Having reviewed this book, I would say that the answer is an emphatic YES! … Move aside A&M - here at last comes a worthy successor! …This is clearly a book by two leading theoretical/computational scientists … the focus is on the underlying theory and the computational methods used to explore these ideas. … The many hours of 'road testing' the explanations shows through, and so all of the concepts are clearly explained in words, equations and figures, and the overall feel is very fresh and readable. At long last, there is now an excellent graduate-level textbook that covers all of modern condensed matter physics at a reasonable level. This book is a 'must-have' for every researcher in this field - whether a new graduate student or a seasoned 'old hand' - there is something for everyone in this book.' Matt Probert, Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPart I. Basic Concepts: Electrons and Phonons: 1. Concept of a solid: qualitative introduction and overview; 2. Electrons in crystals; 3. Electronic energy bands; 4. Lattice vibrations and phonons; Part II. Electron Intercations, Dynamics and Responses: 5. Electron dynamics in crystals; 6. Many-electron interactions: the interacting electron gas and beyond; 7. Density functional theory; 8. The dielectric function for solids; Part III. Optical and Transport Phenomena: 9. Electronic transitions and optical properties of solids; 10. Electron-phonon interactions; 11. Dynamics of crystal electrons in a magnetic field; 12. Fundamentals of transport phenomena in solids; Part IV. Superconductivity, Magnetism, and Lower Dimensional Systems: 13. Using many-body techniques; 14. Superconductivity; 15. Magnetism; 16. Reduced-dimensional systems and nanostructures; Index.

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Book SynopsisDescribing the physical properties of quantum materials near critical points with long-range many-body quantum entanglement, this book introduces readers to the basic theory of quantum phases, their phase transitions and their observable properties. This second edition begins with a new section suitable for an introductory course on quantum phase transitions, assuming no prior knowledge of quantum field theory. It also contains several new chapters to cover important recent advances, such as the Fermi gas near unitarity, Dirac fermions, Fermi liquids and their phase transitions, quantum magnetism, and solvable models obtained from string theory. After introducing the basic theory, it moves on to a detailed description of the canonical quantum-critical phase diagram at non-zero temperatures. Finally, a variety of more complex models are explored. This book is ideal for graduate students and researchers in condensed matter physics and particle and string theory.Trade ReviewReview of the first edition: 'Taken as a whole, this book is something of a theoretical masterpiece. With its tight organization, the book leads the determined (and theoretically inclined) reader on a tour encompassing some of the most challenging yet beautiful topics in contemporary theoretical physics … Virtually every chapter contains a theoretical 'gem' … The equations are manipulated with flair and elegance that are testimony to Sachdev's talent as one of the world's premier theorists.' Physics Today'The book is well written from a pedagogical point of view and hence suitable for non-specialists. On the other hand, it can be used (some chapters) by graduate students as well.' Farruh Mukhamedov, Zentralblatt MATH'… a timely and well-informed update to the subject and provides graduate and advanced students with enough material to understand and tackle these very interesting systems.' Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPart I. Introduction: 1. Basic concepts; 2. Overview; Part II. A First Course: 3. Classical phase transitions; 4. The renormalization group; 5. The quantum Ising model; 6. The quantum rotor model; 7. Correlations, susceptibilities, and the quantum critical point; 8. Broken symmetries; 9. Boson Hubbard model; Part III. Non-zero Temperatures: 10. The Ising chain in a transverse field; 11. Quantum rotor models: large-N limit; 12. The d = 1, O(N ≥ 3) rotor models; 13. The d = 2, O(N ≥ 3) rotor models; 14. Physics close to and above the upper-critical dimension; 15. Transport in d = 2; Part IV. Other Models: 16. Dilute Fermi and Bose gases; 17. Phase transitions of Dirac fermions; 18. Fermi liquids, and their phase transitions; 19. Heisenberg spins: ferromagnets and antiferromagnets; 20. Spin chains: bosonization; 21. Magnetic ordering transitions of disordered systems; 22. Quantum spin glasses; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisSelf-contained, comprehensive, and consistent, this definitive new edition is a unique resource for graduate students and researchers in theoretical physics. This second edition contains over 300 pages of new material, covers an extensive array of topics, and is accompanied by an exhaustive index and bibliography. An exceptional reference work.Table of Contents1. Differential geometry; 2. Symmetries and Noether's theorems; 3. A perturbative introduction to general relativity; 4. Action principles for gravity; 5. Pure N=1,2,d=4 supergravities; 6. Matter-coupled N=1,d=4 supergravity; 7. Matter-coupled N=2,d=4 supergravity; 8. A generic description of all the N>2,d=4 SUEGRAS; 9. Matter-coupled N=1,d=5 supergravity; 10. Conserved charges in general relativity; 11. The Schwarzschild black hole; 12. The Reissner–Nordström black hole; 13. The Taub–NUT solution; 14. Gravitational pp-waves; 15. The Kaluza–Klein black hole; 16. Dilaton and dilaton/axion black holes; 17. Unbroken supersymmetry I: supersymmetric vacua; 18. Unbroken supersymmetry II: partially supersymmetric solutions; 19. Supersymmetric black holes from supergravity; 20. String theory; 21. The string effective action and T duality; 22. From eleven to four dimensions; 23. The type-IIB superstring and type-II T duality; 24. Extended objects; 25. The extended objects of string theory; 26. String black holes in four and five dimensions; 27. The FGK formalism for (single, static) black holes and branes; Appendices: A.1 Lie groups, symmetric spaces, and Yang–Mills fields; A.2 The irreducible, non-symmetric Riemannian spaces of special holonomy; A.3 Miscellanea on the symplectic group; A.4 Gamma matrices and spinors; A.5 Kähler geometry; A.6 Special Kähler geometry; A.7 Quaternionic-Kähler geometry.

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Book SynopsisSir William Herschel''s contributions to astronomy during the late eighteenth century are unrivalled. His lasting legacy is his dedicated all-sky survey of star clusters and nebulae, and these objects continue to be among the most studied in the night sky. This unique book provides a complete re-examination of Herschel''s entire catalogue of non-stellar discoveries, making it the most accurate and up-to-date reference of its kind. Retrace the footsteps of one of history''s greatest astronomers and explore every one of Herschel''s landmark discoveries, including those considered to be lost or non-existent. Read detailed notes about each object''s appearance and physical characteristics, and view hundreds of photos of the most intriguing Herschel objects, along with dozens of sketches of what is visible at the eyepiece. This superb book is a must-have for amateur astronomers seeking new and exciting observing challenges, and as the ultimate reference on the Herschel objects.Trade Review'Deep-sky observers will appreciate this comprehensive guide that offers clear descriptions of the visual telescopic appearance of each one of the over 2400 Herschel objects. Wisely using NGC designations throughout, author Mark Bratton has produced a meticulous and highly useful contribution to amateur astronomy. Highly recommended.' Terence Dickinson, Editor, SkyNews magazine'Some books have already appeared about the 2500 deep sky objects discovered by William Herschel in the late eighteenth century, but Mark Bratton's The Complete Guide to the Herschel Objects is an exceptional one. It comprehensively covers the subject, giving an inspiring combination of history, theory and practical observing. The historical part describes the pre-Herschel findings, Herschel's telescopes, observing methods and his many discoveries. This valuable information establishes the basis for Bratton's own observations of the Herschel objects, made with various telescopes from different sites. The presented results show his great experience as a visual observer. This well organized book is an important tool for anyone interested in deep sky objects, both from the historical and practical point of view.' Wolfgang Steinicke, author of Observing and Cataloguing Nebulae and Star Clusters'… as a guide to the Herschel objects this book is excellent. I would definitely recommend it to all deep sky observers and those interested in the historical aspect of deep sky observing, particularly William Herschel's contribution. If you're a serious deep sky observer who has advanced beyond the Messiers and are doing the Herschel Objects (the Herschel 400 is often viewed as the 'next step'), then this book is for you. Highly recommended.' FJAstronomy.com'4 stars: This in-depth guide takes the reader through a fascinating history of William Herschel: the man, the observer and the telescope maker … a well researched reference book.' BBC Sky at Night Magazine'Bratton is spot-on with every reference. The Herschel story of a musician turned astronomer has been written up many times, however, Bratton has taken the practical route: context of observing sties, telescope maker and observer. This is unique and gets straight down to business … illustrations are well researched and superbly distributed within the text …meticulously researched and there is an outstanding attention to detail throughout.' Astronomy Now'… nicely produced … This book can be recommended to anyone with an interest in what Herschel did, and to all deep-sky observers.' The Observatory'… the catalogue of objects is a magnificent achievement that would have delighted William (and Caroline) Herschel.' Michael Hoskin, Journal for the History of AstronomyTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. The telescope maker; 2. The deep sky before Herschel; 3. Surveyor of the skies; 4. The Herschel catalogue; General references; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book analyzes the historical transformation of early mathematics, from a Greek practice based on the localized solution to an Islamic practice based on the systematic approach. The transformation is accounted for in terms of changing social practices, thereby offering an alternate interpretation of the historical trajectory of mathematics.Trade Review"For the true mathematics historian, this is a fascinating exploration, perhaps different from one's previous ideas of this time period. Highly recommended." M.D. Sanford, Felician College"...engaging, provocative, and definitely worth reading and thinking about." MAA Reviews, Fernando Q. Gouvea"...recommended reading--for its thought-provoking ideas and lively writing--for those with a serious interest in the mathematics of ancient Greece and medieval Islam." - Mathematical Reviews, J.L. BerggrenTable of ContentsAcknowledgements; Introduction; 1. The problem in the world of Archimedes; 2. From Archimedes to Eutocius; 3. From Archimedes to Khayyam; Conclusion; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis extensive textbook sets out modern methods of computing properties of materials for graduates and researchers who want to use and understand advanced tools. Including essential theoretical background, practical guidelines and instructive applications, as well as less technical topic overviews for beginners, this book illuminates the mathematics behind the methods.Table of ContentsPreface; Part I. Interacting Electrons: Beyond the Independent-Particle Picture: 1. The many electron problem: introduction; 2. Signatures of electron correlation; 3. Concepts and models for interacting electrons; Part II. Foundations of Theory for Many-Body Systems: 4. Mean fields and auxiliary systems; 5. Correlation functions; 6. Many-body wavefunctions; 7. Particles and quasi-particles; 8. Functionals in many-particle physics; Part III. Many-Body Green's Function Methods: 9. Many-body perturbation theory: expansion in the interaction; 10. Many-body perturbation theory via functional derivatives; 11. The RPA and the GW approximation for the self-energy; 12. GWA calculations in practice; 13. GWA calculations: illustrative results; 14. RPA and beyond: the Bethe-Salpeter equation; 15. Beyond the GW approximation; 16. Dynamical mean field theory; 17. Beyond the single-site approximation in DMFT; 18. Solvers for embedded systems; 19. Characteristic hamiltonians for solids with d and f states; 20. Examples of calculations for solids with d and f states; 21. Combining Green's functions approaches: an outlook; Part IV. Stochastic Methods: 22. Introduction to stochastic methods; 23. Variational Monte Carlo; 24. Projector quantum Monte Carlo; 25. Path integral Monte Carlo; 26. Concluding remarks; Part V. Appendices: A. Second quantization; B. Pictures; C. Green's functions: general properties; D. Matsubara formulation for Green's functions for T ̸= 0; E. Time-ordering, contours, and non-equilibrium; F. Hedin's equations in a basis; G. Unique solutions in Green's function theory; H. Properties of functionals; I. Auxiliary systems and constrained search; J. Derivation of the Luttinger theorem; K. Gutzwiller and Hubbard approaches; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisCombining theoretical methods from quantum optics and solid-state physics, this book gives researchers and graduate students a new level of understanding of semiconductor quantum optics. Nearly 300 exercises help readers learn the techniques involved. Online resources include further discussions on topical issues, latest trends and publications on the field.Trade Review'… an excellent reference text and their model will surely serve as a solid platform for future work.' Chemistry World (rsc.org/chemistryworld)'The text is very clearly written. Many of the formulas are explained step by step [and] there are numerous exercises and recommendations for further reading at the end of most chapters. It is a useful tool for all those working in the quantum optics area of research.' Daniela Dragoman, Optics and Photonics News (osa-opn.org)Table of Contents1. Central concepts in classical mechanics; 2. Central concepts of classical electrodynamics; 3. Central concepts in quantum mechanics; 4. Central concepts in stationary quantum theory; 5. Central concepts in measurement theory; 6. Wigner's phase-space representation; 7. Hamiltonian formulation of classical electrodynamics; 8. System Hamiltonian of classical electrodynamics; 9. System Hamiltonian in the generalized Coulomb gauge; 10. Quantization of light and matter; 11. Quasiparticles in semiconductors; 12. Band structure of solids; 13. Interactions in semiconductors; 14. Generic quantum dynamics; 15. Cluster-expansion representation of the quantum dynamics; 16. Simple many-body systems; 17. Hierarchy problem for dipole systems; 18. Two-level approximation for optical transition; 19. Self-consistent extension of the two-level approach; 20. Dissipative extension of the two-level approach; 21. Quantum-optical extension of the two-level approach; 22. Quantum dynamics of two-level system; 23. Spectroscopy and quantum-optical correlations; 24. General aspects of semiconductor optics; 25. Introductory semiconductor optics; 26. Maxwell-semiconductor Bloch equations; 27. Coherent vs. incoherent excitons; 28. Semiconductor luminescence equations; 29. Many-body aspects of the semiconductor luminescence; 30. Advanced semiconductor quantum optics; Appendix; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a quantitative treatment of the physics of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with planetary surfaces. With significant updates and additions to reflect recent advances and a strong emphasis on physical insights, this is an essential reference for research scientists, engineers and advanced students of planetary remote sensing.Trade Review'… packed with information … a stimulating and enjoyable read. I encourage any students who read this early in their careers to work through the equations even if they look intimidating, as Hapke does a great job of articulating his logic. For those already familiar with the first edition of this text, it is still a worthwhile read. It centralizes Hapke's pioneering early work with the developments in the almost 20 years since the first edition was published, and the reorganization of chapters and sections results in a more natural, accessible flow.' Rachel Klima, Meteoritics and Planetary ScienceTable of ContentsAcknowledgements; 1. Introduction; 2. Electromagnetic wave propagation; 3. The absorption of light; 4. Specular reflection; 5. Single particle scattering: perfect spheres; 6. Single particle scattering: irregular particles; 7. Propagation in a nonuniform medium: the equation of radiative transfer; 8. The bidirectional reflectance of a semi-infinite medium; 9. The opposition effect; 10. A miscellany of bidirectional reflectances and related quantities; 11. Integrated reflectances and planetary photometry; 12. Photometric effects of large scale roughness; 13. Polarization; 14. Reflectance spectroscopy; 15. Thermal emission and emittance spectroscopy; 16. Simultaneous transport of energy by radiation and conduction; Appendix A. A brief review of vector calculus; Appendix B. Functions of a complex variable; Appendix C. The wave equation in spherical coordinates; Appendix D. Fraunhoffer diffraction by a circular hole; Appendix E. Table of symbols; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisWritten for graduate students, professional astronomers and researchers, this book is a practical guide to x-ray astronomy. It describes the main hardware used in x-ray astronomy, emphasizing the implications for data analysis, and explains the concepts behind common x-ray astronomy data analysis software.Trade Review'… this is an excellent, good-value book and should be required reading for all those interested in X-ray astronomy.' The ObservatoryTable of Contents1. X-ray astronomy optics Daniel A. Schwartz; 2. Proportional counters and other detector techniques Richard J. Edgar; 3. CCDs for x-ray astronomy Catherine E. Grant; 4. Data reduction and calibration Keith A. Arnaud and Randall K. Smith; 5. Data analysis Randall K. Smith, Keith A. Arnaud and Aneta Siemiginowska; 6. Archives, surveys, catalogues and software Keith Arnaud; 7. Statistics Aneta Siemiginowska; 8. Analysis of extended emission K. D. Kuntz; Appendices; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis work focuses on quantum error correction. It reviews various methods to control quantum errors and covers experimental and practical issues. Basic as well as advanced theory and topics from cutting-edge research make this book invaluable at the graduate level and as a reference for experts in quantum information science.Table of ContentsPrologue; Preface; Part I. Background: 1. Introduction to decoherence and noise in open quantum systems Daniel Lidar and Todd Brun; 2. Introduction to quantum error correction Dave Bacon; 3. Introduction to decoherence-free subspaces and noiseless subsystems Daniel Lidar; 4. Introduction to quantum dynamical decoupling Lorenza Viola; 5. Introduction to quantum fault tolerance Panos Aliferis; Part II. Generalized Approaches to Quantum Error Correction: 6. Operator quantum error correction David Kribs and David Poulin; 7. Entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting codes Todd Brun and Min-Hsiu Hsieh; 8. Continuous-time quantum error correction Ognyan Oreshkov; Part III. Advanced Quantum Codes: 9. Quantum convolutional codes Mark Wilde; 10. Non-additive quantum codes Markus Grassl and Martin Rötteler; 11. Iterative quantum coding systems David Poulin; 12. Algebraic quantum coding theory Andreas Klappenecker; 13. Optimization-based quantum error correction Andrew Fletcher; Part IV. Advanced Dynamical Decoupling: 14. High order dynamical decoupling Zhen-Yu Wang and Ren-Bao Liu; 15. Combinatorial approaches to dynamical decoupling Martin Rötteler and Pawel Wocjan; Part V. Alternative Quantum Computation Approaches: 16. Holonomic quantum computation Paolo Zanardi; 17. Fault tolerance for holonomic quantum computation Ognyan Oreshkov, Todd Brun and Daniel Lidar; 18. Fault tolerant measurement-based quantum computing Debbie Leung; Part VI. Topological Methods: 19. Topological codes Héctor Bombín; 20. Fault tolerant topological cluster state quantum computing Austin Fowler and Kovid Goyal; Part VII. Applications and Implementations: 21. Experimental quantum error correction Dave Bacon; 22. Experimental dynamical decoupling Lorenza Viola; 23. Architectures Jacob Taylor; 24. Error correction in quantum communication Mark Wilde; Part VIII. Critical Evaluation of Fault Tolerance: 25. Hamiltonian methods in QEC and fault tolerance Eduardo Novais, Eduardo Mucciolo and Harold Baranger; 26. Critique of fault-tolerant quantum information processing Robert Alicki; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisDescribing the fundamental theory of particle physics and its applications, this book provides a detailed account of the Standard Model, focusing on techniques that can produce information about real observed phenomena. This 2014 edition has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.Table of ContentsPreface; 1. Inputs to the Standard Model; 2. Interactions of the Standard Model; 3. Symmetries and anomalies; 4. Introduction to effective field theory; 5. Charged leptons; 6. Neutrinos; 7. Effective field theory for low energy QCD; 8. Weak interactions of Kaons; 9. Mass mixing and CP violation; 10. The Nc−1 expansion; 11. Phenomenological models; 12. Baryon properties; 13. Hadron spectroscopy; 14. Weak interactions of heavy quarks; 15. The Higgs boson; 16. The electroweak sector; Appendixes; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisDescribing the methods revealing the structures and dynamics of turbulence, this book describes mathematical methods that reduce the governing equations to simpler forms. This second edition now covers the balanced proper orthogonal decomposition and is ideal for engineering, physical science and mathematics researchers working in fluid dynamics.Trade Review'The book commands an impressive bibliography of 396 references, making it an invaluable reference for any researcher who wishes to get into this area of research. The authors have done the best job possible to present this work as carefully and clearly as possible. I strongly recommend the book to everyone who wishes to master this research area, as well as everyone who wants to learn more about the proper orthogonal decomposition method. The research program detailed by the authors is a very promising approach to the problem of the coherent structures of turbulence. Active turbulence researchers, especially researchers who are mainly focused in the engineering applications of turbulence, will find this book a welcome addition to their library.' Eleftherios Gkioulekas, SIAM NewsTable of ContentsPart I. Turbulence: 1. Introduction; 2. Coherent structures; 3. Proper orthogonal decomposition; 4. Galerkin projection; 5. Balanced proper orthogonal decomposition; Part II. Dynamical Systems: 6. Qualitative theory; 7. Symmetry; 8. One-dimensional 'turbulence'; 9. Randomly-perturbed systems; Part III. The Boundary Layer: 10. Low-dimensional models; 11. Behaviour of the models; Part IV. Other Applications and Related Work: 12. Some other fluid problems; 13. Review: prospects for rigor; Index.

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Book SynopsisGauge/gravity duality presents new links between quantum theory and gravity, and provides new tools to solve problems in many areas of theoretical physics. This book is the first textbook on this important topic, enabling graduate students and researchers in particle and condensed matter physics to get acquainted with the subject.Trade Review'An excellent introduction to the gauge/gravity duality and its main applications. A valuable guide both for graduate students and experienced researchers.' Juan Maldacena, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey'This clear and precise book should be very helpful to any student or researcher that is interested in the gauge/gravity correspondence and its field theory applications.' Ofer Aharony, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot'A well-structured and illustrated introduction … and an in depth and up-to-date discussion of all the essential features of the gauge/gravity correspondence.' Andreas Karch, University of Washington, Seattle'Written by experts in the field, this book is remarkable for its broad survey of one of the most cutting-edge topics in theoretical physics of the past ten years.' Nick Evans, University of SouthamptonTable of ContentsPart I. Prerequisites: 1. Elements of field theory; 2. Elements of gravity; 3. Symmetries in quantum field theory; 4. Introduction to superstring theory; Part II. Gauge/Gravity Duality: 5. AdS/CFT correspondence; 6. Tests of the AdS/CFT correspondence; 7. Integrability and scattering amplitudes; 8. Further examples of AdS/CFT; 9. Holographic renormalisation group flows; 10. Duality with D-branes in supergravity; 11. Finite temperature and density; Part III. Applications: 12. Linear response and hydrodynamics; 13. QCD and holography: confinement and chiral symmetry breaking; 14. QCD and holography: finite temperature and density; 15. Strongly coupled condensed matter systems; Appendixes; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisWritten by world experts in the foundations of quantum mechanics, this book shows how elementary quantum mechanical principles can be applied to social sciences problems. Aimed at economists and psychologists, as well as physicists, it explores the exciting field of quantum social science.Trade Review'… the text is well-written and presents all lines of thought with mathematical rigour. It features end-of-chapter references to scientific publications and a glossary to help define the terminology.' Manuel Vogel, Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPreface; Part I. Physics Concepts in Social Science? A Discussion: 1. Classical, statistical and quantum mechanics: all in one; 2. Econophysics: statistical physics and social science; 3. Quantum social science: a non-mathematical motivation; Part II. Mathematics and Physics Preliminaries: 4. Vector calculus and other mathematical preliminaries; 5. Basic elements of quantum mechanics; 6. Basic elements of Bohmian mechanics; Part III. Quantum Probabilistic Effects in Psychology: Basic Questions and Answers: 7. A brief overview; 8. Interference effects in psychology - an introduction; 9. A quantum-like model of decision making; Part IV. Other Quantum Probabilistic Effects in Economics, Finance and Brain Sciences: 10. Financial/economic theory in crisis; 11. Bohmian mechanics in finance and economics; 12. The Bohm–Vigier Model and path simulation; 13. Other applications to economic/financial theory; 14. The neurophysiological sources of quantum-like processing in the brain; Conclusion; Glossary; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe third edition of this classic textbook is a quantitative introduction for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. It gently guides students from Newton's gravitational theory to special relativity, and then to the relativistic theory of gravitation. General relativity is approached from several perspectives: as a theory constructed by analogy with Maxwell's electrodynamics, as a relativistic generalization of Newton's theory, and as a theory of curved spacetime. The authors provide a concise overview of the important concepts and formulas, coupled with the experimental results underpinning the latest research in the field. Numerous exercises in Newtonian gravitational theory and Maxwell's equations help students master essential concepts for advanced work in general relativity, while detailed spacetime diagrams encourage them to think in terms of four-dimensional geometry. Featuring comprehensive reviews of recent experimental and observational data, the text concludes with Trade Review'A most welcome updated third edition of this splendid textbook on gravitation and spacetime, which provides an excellent introduction to the mathematical and physical foundations underlying our current understanding of the physics and astrophysics of neutron stars, black holes, and gamma ray bursts.' Riccardo Giacconi, Nobel Laureate and University Professor, Johns Hopkins University'This is by far the best grad[uate] level text in gravitational physics. It starts by showing that the natural Lorentz invariant generalisation of Newton's scalar potential is a tensor, a perturbation of the usual Lorentz metric. The equivalence principle is then used to derive the full equations of GR. The last half of the book gives a beautiful treatment of black holes and the current model of Big Bang cosmology.' Roy P. Kerr, Professor Emeritus, University of Canterbury, Christchurch'The third edition of this wonderful book combines even more perfectly than the previous editions the beauty of Einstein's General Relativity with the physics of stars, galaxies, and the cosmos. It manages to do this in only 500 pages in a pedagogical masterpiece that should be a must for any graduate student in theoretical physics.' Hagen Kleinert, Freie Universität Berlin and ICRANetReview of the first edition: 'The best book on the market today of 500 pages or less on gravitation and general relativity.' John Wheeler, Princeton University'I wish I had owned this book when I was trying to teach myself General Relativity for the first time.' The ObservatoryTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Newton's gravitational theory; 2. The formalism of special relativity; 3. The linear approximation; 4. Applications of the linear approximation; 5. Gravitational waves; 6. Riemannian geometry; 7. Einstein's gravitational theory; 8. Black holes and gravitational collapse; 9. Cosmology; 10. The early universe; Appendix: variational principle and energy-momentum tensor; Answers; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe book provides a detailed introduction to molecular astrophysics and an array of useful techniques for observing astronomical phenomena at millimetre and submillimetre wavelengths. Maps, charts and references for further reading will suit research astronomers and graduate students interested in taking advantage of the new facilities now coming online.Trade Review'This book is an excellent introduction to the field of molecular line astrophysics. Williams and Viti cover the range of astrophysical conditions that can be probed, and the most useful molecules and transitions. The expositions are lucid, and each chapter directs the reader to papers and books for further study, and to websites where up-to-date molecular data are available. Observational Molecular Astronomy will be a valuable guide to both graduate students and researchers.' Bruce T. Draine, Princeton University'This handbook provides everything needed to understand molecular astrochemistry - it will prove useful to both observers and theorists alike. It covers all of the topics a modern researcher needs to know in order to carry out observations of molecules in space, and then to reduce and analyse those observations. It also explains all aspects of molecular spectroscopy from choosing the correct molecule to observe, to calculating the physical parameters of the object being observed. All environments are discussed, from nearby clouds to distant galaxies. I am sure that this will become the must-have handbook for all researchers in this field, from new graduate students to seasoned veterans.' Derek Ward-Thompson, University of Central Lancashire'I would recommend that anyone embarking on a career in radio, microwave, or submillimetre astronomy and wondering what to do, why to do it, and how to do it, should own this book … it is a book that will not languish untouched on a bookshelf, but will be eagerly and often returned to and will become well thumbed.' The ObservatoryTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. Spectra and excitation of molecules; 2. Astrochemical processes; 3. Physical processes in different astronomical environments; 4. Molecular tracers in the Milky Way galaxy; 5. Molecular tracers in external galaxies; 6. The Early Universe and the first galaxies; 7. Recipes for molecular submillimetre astronomy; 8. Chemical and radiative transfer models; 9. Observations: which molecule, which transition?

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Book SynopsisThis book describes all aspects of the physics of transition metal compounds, providing a comprehensive overview of this diverse class of solids. Set within a modern conceptual framework, this is an invaluable, up-to-date resource for graduate students, researchers and industrial practitioners in solid-state physics and chemistry, materials science, and inorganic chemistry.Trade Review'Khomskii successfully leads the reader through the field of transition-metal compounds by focusing on physical insight without detailed mathematical derivations. He has a deep understanding of the field and communicates his knowledge very well.' Thomas M. Cooper, MRS Bulletin'The author concludes each chapter with a short summary that repeats the chapter's main ideas in a concentrated form. Those addenda enhance the pedagogical effect of the monograph and make it a highly useful introduction to the physics of TM oxides for nascent and experienced experimentalists and theoreticians working in that and adjacent fields of strongly correlated systems.' Konstantin Kikoin, Physics TodayTable of Contents1. Localised and itinerant electrons in solids; 2. Isolated transition metal ions; 3. Transition metal ions in crystals; 4. Mott–Hubbard vc charge-transfer insulators; 5. Exchange interaction and magnetic structures; 6. Cooperative Jahn–Teller effect and orbital ordering; 7. Charge ordering in transition metal compounds; 8. Ferroelectrics, magnetoelectrics and multiferroics; 9. Doping of correlated systems and correlated metals; 10. Metal-insulator transitions; 11. Kondoeffect, mixed valence and heavy fermions; Appendix A. Some historical notes; Appendix B. A layman's guide to second quantization; Appendix C. Phase transitions and free energy expansion: Landau theory in a nutshell.

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Book SynopsisResearch into active galactic nuclei (AGN) the compact, luminous hearts of many galaxies is at the forefront of modern astrophysics. Understanding these objects requires extensive knowledge in many different areas: accretion disks, the physics of dust and ionized gas, astronomical spectroscopy, star formation, and the cosmological evolution of galaxies and black holes. This new text by Hagai Netzer, a renowned astronomer and leader in the field, provides a comprehensive introduction to the theory underpinning our study of AGN and the ways that we observe them. It emphasizes the basic physics underlying AGN, the different types of active galaxies and their various components, and the complex interplay between them and other astronomical objects. Recent developments regarding the evolutionary connections between active galaxies and star-forming galaxies are explained in detail. Both graduate students and researchers will benefit from Netzer''s authoritative contributions to this excitiTrade Review'Professor Netzer has produced a truly impressive text on the theory and observations of active galactic nuclei. He has done a superb job of bringing both clarity and depth to what has become in recent years a very broad and complex subject. This will undoubtedly become one of the field's defining texts and a primary resource for graduate students, their teachers, and researchers alike.' Mark Whittle, University of Virginia'… the most complete single treatment of active galactic nuclei in the literature, with a remarkably broad view of the relevant physical processes and data. Netzer's text spans the intellectual range from basic theory to observational connections, better than any other treatment of AGN that I know of. This is especially important since the things we know with most assurance are observational, and the things we want to know are theoretical conclusions at various degrees of separation from the data; here one sees the whole chains of reasoning in rich detail. The text also folds in a range of recent developments, from the connections between accretion disks and outflows, through the rich statistics from recent sky surveys, to the unfolding links between AGN and their host galaxies as a normal part of galaxy evolution … a working reference, with useful tables and literature citations.' William C. Keel, University of Alabama'… a rather splendid advanced textbook … It is authoritative and complete … if you want a single book that covers all the bases at graduate level, and gives you a jumping off point, this is the one.' The ObservatoryTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Observations of active galactic nuclei; 2. Nonthermal radiation processes; 3. Black holes; 4. Accretion disks; 5. Physical processes in AGN gas and dust; 6. The AGN family; 7. Main components of AGN; 8. Host galaxies of AGN; 9. Formation and evolution of AGN; 10. Outstanding questions; References; Index.

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