Mathematics and Science Books

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Book SynopsisThis volume challenges the widespread belief that scientific knowledge as such is international. Employing case studies from Austria, Poland, the Czech lands, and Hungary, the authors show how scientists in the late Habsburg Monarchy simultaneously nationalized and internationalized their knowledge.Table of ContentsTable of Contents List of Tables and Figures The Authors The Nationalisation of Scientific Knowledge in Nineteenth-century Central Europe: An introduction; M.G.Ash & J.Surman Science and its Publics. Internationality and National Languages in Central Europe; J.Surman 'Staatsnation', 'Kulturnation', 'Nationalstaat'. The Role of National Politics in the Advancement of Science and Scholarship in Austria from 1848 to 1938; J.Feichtinger 'National Agreement' as Culture and Practice: The Geological Survey in Vienna and the Habsburg Empire (1849-1867); M.Klemun Scientific Nationalism: A Historical Approach to Nature in Late Nineteenth-century Hungary; G.Palló Acts of Creation: The Eötvös Family and the Rise of Science Education in Hungary; T.Frank Patriotism, Nationalism and Internationalism in Czech Science: Chemists in the Czech National Enlightenment; S.Štrbánová Fault Lines and Borderlands: Earthquake Spotting in Imperial Austria; D.R.Coen Nationalising Eugenics: The Hungarian Public Debate of 1910-1911; M.Turda The Politics of Fin-de-siècle Anatomy; T.Buklijas Index

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Book SynopsisMax Maths Primary A Singapore Approach is a six-level course in mathematics for young learners. It offers a complete solution for schools following the Cambridge Primary maths curriculum framework, and has been specifically designed to support students who are learning in International and English-medium school settings.

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Book SynopsisToday, 57 students are enrolled in the Physics Maitrise programme at the Joseph Fourier University in Grenoble, and 15 of them are foreign students. In that time interval, the total number of students enrolled in institutes of higher learning in mainland France rose from 309 700 (in 1960-1961) to 2 111 100 (in 2000-2001).Table of Contents1 / Watersheds.- 1. How and What to Spotlight.- 2. How Much Should be Explained.- 3. Images: Are they always useful?.- 4. Experiments: Are they supposed to help?.- Appendix 1: Some General Intentions Are Very Similar in the Various Syllabuses.- Appendix 2: Why the Pinhole Camera is no Longer on the Syllabus.- 2 / Contact, friction and propulsion.- 1. Laws that Run Counter to Common Sense.- 2. A Method of Spotlighting the Basics.- 3. A Way of Spotlighting Friction: goals and difficulties.- 4. First Elements of Static Friction: step by step.- 5. Analysing the Sequence: lines of attention.- 6. Evaluation of the Sequence with Students.- 7. Reactions of Trainee Teachers.- 8. What Conclusion Should We Draw?.- Appendix 1: The Technique of Fragmented Diagrams.- Appendix 2: Two Situations for Studying Kinetic Friction.- Appendix 3: Trainee Teachers’ Comments on the Sequence.- 3 / Pressure in Fluids in the Presence of Gravity.- 1. Questions About the Merits of a Microscopic Approach.- 2. The Macroscopic Level: what quantities “have to be”?.- 3. Fluid Statics: common ideas among students.- 4. A Proposal for the Teaching of Fluid Statics.- 5. Analysing the Sequence: lines of attention.- 6. Evaluation of the Sequence with Students.- 7. Teachers’ Reactions.- 8. Conclusion.- Appendix: Main Results of the External Evaluation.- 4 / Superposition of Electric Fields.- 1. Interaction at a Distance and Superposition.- 2. Charges, Fields and Superposition: selected aspects.- 3. Superposition and Causality: common forms of reasoning.- 4. Elements of a Teaching Sequence.- 5. Analysing the Sequence: lines of attention.- 6. Evaluation of the Sequence.- 7. Conclusion.- Appendix 1: Contents Previously Taught to Students Questioned in the Preliminary Survey.- Appendix 2: Electrostatics and Electric Circuits Disconnected: the field in wires.- 5 / Superposition of Waves and Optical Imaging.- 1. Choosing a Model.- 2. Common Difficulties and “Spotlighting” of the Content.- 3. Analysing the Proposal: some elements.- 4. Reactions of In-Service or Trainee Teachers.- 5. Conclusion.- 6 / Colour Phenomena.- 1. A Topic at a Crossroads.- 2. Colour Phenomena and Light: the chosen approach.- 3. Common Ideas: too exclusive a linkage.- 4. A Proposed Sequence.- 5. More Detail, Following the Lines of Attention.- 6. Evaluation of the Sequence.- 7. Teachers’ Reactions.- 8. Conclusion.- Appendix 1: Additive and Subtractive Mixing.- Appendix 2: Aspects of Knowledge Whose Acquisition is Evaluated One Year after the Sequence.- Conclusion.- Index of Names.

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Book SynopsisThe present workshop started with various requests on behalf of several participants: some of us suggested the desirability of having only a free discussion, leaving papers aside: others would have preferred to stick to papers, though enlarging the discussion of each of them to more general topics.Table of ContentsInfant Signals.- A Comparative Approach to Behavioral Development.- A Developmental Analysis of Suckling in the Rat.- The Interpretation of Sensitive Periods.- Social Development in Rhesus Monkeys: Consideration of Individual Differences.- And What of Fetal Audition?.- Some Peculiarities of Electrical Brain Activity Correlated with Behavioral States in Infancy: A Review.- Interpersonal Abilities of Infants as Generators for Transmission of Language and Culture.- Patterns of Parent-Child Interaction in a Cross-Cultural Perspective.- The Psychobiology of the First Didactic Programs and Toys in Human Infants.- Development of Social Avoidance in Autistic Children.- Parental Affiliation as a Key Reference in the Treatment of Infantile Autism.- Urbanization as a Factor Influencing Child Behavior.

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Book SynopsisMaterial undergoes the transformation from metal to non-metal or from non-metal to metal when environmental conditions, such as temperature and pressure, or the percentages of constituent components are changed. Such a transition is known as the metal-nonmetal M-NM transition.This book, The Physics of Metal Nonmetal Transitions, explores the mechanisms so far discovered which cause the M-NM transition and presents a systematic discussion of them. All the mechanisms are discussed in terms of energy bands, and the band theory is introduced and explained in chapter 2. Once chapters 1 and 2 have been assimilated, the remaining chapters can be

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Book SynopsisProceedings of the 17th International Conference on Semantic Systems 69 September 2021 Amsterdam Th.

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Book SynopsisPractical Veterinary Dermatopathology explains the when, why, where and how of biopsy collection and submission of samples. With plenty of quick reference tables, high quality illustrations, and case review studies, as well as over140 illustrations, the material is accessible for students, veterinarians, and technicians. Techniques for collecting and handling biopsy samples are clearly depicted along with recommendations for the biopsy technique that is most suitable for the specific clinical lesion and/or its anatomic location. The case review studies show how to manage the biopsy sampling process, formulate clinical differential diagnoses, and interpret pathology reports. Published by Teton New Media in the USA and distributed by CRC Press outside of North America.Table of ContentsContentsGuide to Using This Book ix1 Biopsy Collection:Why, When, Where and How 1Biopsy Sample Selection 2Why and When to Collect a Biopsy Sample 2Where to Collect a Biopsy Sample 2How to Collect a Biopsy Sample 4Biopsy Sample Fixation 13Standard Fixation Techniques 13Fixation for Suspected Immune Mediated Skin Diseases 14Fixation for Selected Tumor Studies or for Selected Infectious Agents 14Clinical History 15Sample Shipment 15Microscopic Interpretation of a Biopsy Sample 16Limitations of Dermatopathology 18Value of Referral to or Consultation with a Dermatology Specialist 18Ancillary Procedures to Facilitate Diagnosis 18Common Errors of Sample Collection and Submission 192 Clinical Lesion Definitions, Recommended Methods of BiopsySampling, and Representative Histologic Lesions 213 Histopathologic Responses of the Skin to Injury 53Histopathologic Responses of the Epidermis to Injury 54Histopathologic Responses of the Dermis and Vessels to Injury 76Histopathologic Responses of the Adnexa to Injury 90Histopathologic Responses the Panniculus (Subcutis) to Injury 1024 Tumors and Tumor-like Masses of the Skin 107Tumors of the Skin 109Epidermis 115Adnexa 121Dermis, Vasculature, Nerve Tissue, Subcutis 129Bone Marrow Derived Cells 137Tumor-like Masses of the Skin 144Cysts 144Hamartomas 148Other Tumor-like Lesions 1545 Laboratory Techniques for Tissue Processing and Staining 159Sample Arrival at the Laboratory 160Gross Evaluation and Trimming of Sample 160Sample and Request Review 160Sample Trimming 161Tissue Demineralization 161Tissue Processing and Histochemical Staining Techniques 162Immunostaining Techniques (Direct Immunohistochemistry andImmunofluorescence) for Autoimmune Skin Disease 165Immunohistochemical Staining Techniques for Tumor andTumor-like Conditions 167Immunohistochemical Staining Techniques for Infectious Agents 168Other Techniques 1686 Glossary 1697 Differential Diagnosis of Clinical Lesions and Lesionsin Selected Anatomic Locations 177Appendices 185A. Dermatopathology Submission Form 186B. Suppliers 187C. Case Review 189Recommended Readings 195Index 197

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Book SynopsisThis textbook forms the basis for an advanced undergraduate or graduate level quantum chemistry course, and can also serve as a reference for researchers in physical chemistry and chemical physics.

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Book SynopsisThe most important aspects of modern surface science are covered. All topics are presented in a concise and clear form accessible to a beginner. At the same time, the coverage is comprehensive and at a high technical level, with emphasis on the fundamental physical principles. Numerous examples, references, practice exercises, and problems complement this remarkably complete treatment, which will also serve as an excellent reference for researchers and practitioners. The textbook is idea for students in engineering and physical sciences. Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: PHYSICS TODAY, OCTOBER 2004 Review by John T. Yates Jr., University of Pittsburgh "Surface Science: An Introduction is an excellent book that reviews many of the centrally important features of this interdisciplinary field. … The text is smoothly written and interesting. Readers will be immediately impressed by the quality and number of figures (372 in all) used to tell the story. Surface Science is designed for advanced undergraduate or graduate students in the engineering and physical sciences. It also serves as an introduction for researchers entering the field. Many earlier surface-science textbooks have concentrated on the experimental techniques used for measurements in the field. Surface Science also describes numerous experimental methods, but its main focus is on the concepts central to the field. After the introduction, the book presents an excellent chapter on two-dimensional crystallography; a chapter on experimental background follows, and the book then progresses through four chapters on surface analysis--from diffraction to electron spectroscopy, ion probes, and microscopy. The book proceeds to atomic and electronic structure of surfaces. The final four chapters discuss surfaces containing adsorbed atoms or molecules; topics include adsorption, desorption, surface diffusion, thin film behavior, and nanostructures on surfaces. … I like the book because of its clarity and compactness. Each chapter presents a few exercises that will serve well in the classroom. … Surface Science is a good resource for the student who is introduced to the field for the first time." "The book is designed as textbook for students in engineering and physical sciences. … All topics are presented in a concise and clear form accessible to a beginner. At the same time, the coverage is comprehensive and at a high technical level, with emphasis on the fundamental physical principles. Numerous examples, references, practice exercises, and problems complement this remarkably complete treatment, which will also serve as an excellent reference for researchers and practitioners." (Aluminium, Vol. 81 (4), 2005) "Surface Science: An Introduction is an excellent book that reviews many of the centrally important features of this interdisciplinary field. … Readers will be immediately impressed by the quality and number of figures (372 in all) used to tell the story. … I like the book because of its clarity and compactness. … Surface Science is a good resource for the student who is introduced to the field for the first time." (John T. Yates Jr, Physics Today, October, 2004) "The whole book is easy to read and well-structured. The explanations and descriptions are clear and logical. Many examples taken from literature illustrate the content. … the book is a successful attempt to provide a comprehensive introduction into various aspects of surface science. It can be recommended to all readers wishing to get an insight into the experimental background as well as its scientific scope ranging from basic concepts to current research." (Marcus Bäumer, ChemPhysChem, Vol. 5 (3), 2004)Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. Basics of Two-Dimensional Crystallography.- 3. Experimental Background.- 4. Surface Analysis I. Diffraction Methods.- 5. Surface Analysis II. Electron Spectroscopy Methods.- 6. Surface Analysis III. Probing Surfaces with Ions.- 7. Surface Analysis IV. Microscopy.- 8. Atomic Structure of Clean Surfaces.- 9. Atomic Structure of Surfaces with Adsorbates.- 10. Structural Defects at Surfaces.- 11. Electronic Structure of Surfaces.- 12. Elementary Processes at Surfaces I. Adsorption and Desorption.- 13. Elementary Processes at Surfaces II. Surface Diffusion.- 14. Growth of Thin Films.- 15. Atomic Manipulations and Nanostructure Formation.- References.

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive student manual provides the perfect accompaniment to the leading textbook by Bernard Schutz, A First Course in General Relativity. Meticulously detailed solutions to almost half of Schutz's exercises and 125 brand new supplementary problems enable undergraduates, postgraduates and self-learners to master general relativity with confidence.Trade Review'Robert B. Scott has done a great service to students and instructors alike by compiling this superb Student's Manual to Bernard Schutz's A First Course in General Relativity, a classic introductory textbook on general relativity. Not only does Scott present exquisitely detailed solutions to Schutz's exercises, he also proposes a large number of his own problems to further test the student's understanding. The student will benefit greatly from this resource, and will be eased into the subject by Scott's excellent advice.' Eric Poisson, University of Guelph, Ontario'In attempting to master any subject, there is no substitute for working through problems, and this is especially true for developing an understanding of relativity. This collection of solutions to a range of selected problems from Schutz's classic textbook A First Course in General Relativity contains carefully worked model answers that should provide an invaluable resource to generations of students.' Michael Hobson, University of Cambridge'This Student's Manual, with its detailed calculations and very pedagogical explanations, is an extremely valuable tool for learning general relativity and acquiring a solid foundation in this field. I highly recommend it!' Eric Gourgoulhon, Université Paris Diderot'The textbook by Bernard Schutz, A First Course in General Relativity, is one of the best regarded on the subject, and Robert Scott's 'student's manual' is an extremely good aid… Scott provides clear and detailed explanations and algebra so that the student can navigate through these problems with confidence … It seems to me that Scott's very helpful volume - which includes a number of further problems set by himself - will prove indispensable to any student who makes use of Schutz, and it may well provide an incentive for students and course directors to base their studies on this text … It might be possible to use Scott's book, which also includes material on special relativity, as an adjunct to other books on relativity … it might be worthwhile for users of other textbooks to check its compatibility. … this is a book that all students of general relativity should be aware of.' Peter J. Bussey, Contemporary Physics'This is an excellent companion volume for anyone contemplating teaching a first course in General Relativity … this book is a perfect companion to a textbook …' Paranjape Manu, Physics in CanadaTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Special relativity; 2. Vector analysis in special relativity; 3. Tensor analysis in special relativity; 4. Perfect fluids in special relativity; 5. Preface to curvature; 6. Curved manifolds; 7. Physics in curved spacetime; 8. The Einstein field equations; 9. Gravitational radiation; 10. Spherical solutions for stars; 11. Schwarzschild geometry and black holes; 12. Cosmology; Appendix A. Acronyms and definitions; Appendix B. Useful results; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisFor centuries, the sorites paradox has spurred philosophers to think and argue about the problem of vagueness. This volume offers a guide to the paradox which is both an accessible survey and an expositionof the state of the art, with a chapter-by-chapter presentation of all of the main solutions to the paradox and of all its main areas of influence. Each chapter offers a gentle introduction to its topic, gradually building up to a final discussion of some open problems. Students will find a comprehensive guide to the fundamentals of the paradox, together withlucid explanations of the challenges it continues to raise. Researchers will find exciting new ideas and debates on the paradox.Trade Review'In this comprehensive and systematic collection, Oms (Univ. of Barcelona, Spain) and Zardini (Univ. of Lisbon, Portugal) provide nine excellent papers that characterize, and provide possible solutions for, the paradox's vagueness and another five papers that assess the influence of the sorites paradox's influence in philosophy, linguistics, and psychology … Released in the 'Classic Philosophical Arguments' series, this is the most outstanding treatment of the topic presently available.' L. C. Archie, ChoiceTable of ContentsList of contributors; Acknowledgements; Prelude; An introduction to the sorites paradox Sergi Oms and Elia Zardini; Part I. Solutions to the Sorites Paradox: 1. Epistemicism and the sorites paradox Ofra Magidor; 2. Supervaluationism, subvaluationism and the sorites paradox Pablo Cobreros and Luca Tranchini; 3. Contextualism and the sorites paradox Inga Bones and Diana Raffman; 4. Incoherentism and the sorites paradox Matti Eklund; 5. Intuitionism and the sorites paradox Crispin Wright; 6. Rejection of excluded middle and the sorites paradox Scott Soames; 7. Dialetheism and the sorites paradox Graham Priest; 8. Degree theory and the sorites paradox Francesco Paoli; 9. Non-transitivism and the sorites paradox Elia Zardini; Part II. The Influence of the Sorites Paradox: 10. The sorites paradox in philosophy of logic Sergi Oms; 11. The sorites paradox in metaphysics Irem Kurtsal; 12. The sorites paradox in practical philosophy Hrafn Asgeirsson; 13. The sorites paradox in linguistics Chris Kennedy; 14. The sorites paradox in psychology Paul Égré, David Ripley and Steven Verheyen; Coda: 15. The pre-analytic history of the sorites paradox Ricardo Santos; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisChallenging the common gene-centric approach to organisms, this book articulates a relativistic theory of biology. It is grounded in up-to-date biological research and rigorous application of mathematics to biology; however, it is presented in a non-technical manner for the general reader, and requires no familiarity with complex biology, mathematics or philosophy.Trade Review'Among its many merits, this remarkable book deserves to become a classic text in the philosophy of science. Almost alone among philosophers of science, Noble is a practising scientist; and unusually among practising scientists, he is an accomplished philosopher. His book brings out, with unparalleled clarity, how the scientific endeavour involves not only empirical inquiry but also conceptual structure. Noble shows how, on the negative side, popular presentations of sound biological results may be vitiated by bad metaphysics, and how, on the positive side, science and philosophy may extend the boundaries of knowledge by a unified epistemology. He ends, however, with a salutary warning that there may well be a limit to the human capacity to know the answers to ultimate questions.' Sir Anthony Kenny, University of Oxford'I think this a marvellous book. Denis Noble emphasises that genes, organs and systems dance to the tune of the organism and its social and physical environment. He sets the relativity of biology in a remarkable scientific sweep, ranging from cosmology to human belief systems. He reminds me of another great biologist, C. H. Waddington, to whom Noble pays handsome tribute. Writing with clarity and charm, Noble attempts to break down silos of knowledge inhabited by scientists who fail to come out and engage with others. … Broadening minds in an era of intense specialisation is more important than ever. Noble deserves to be successful in his desire to do just that and I hope that he will be.' Sir Patrick Bateson, University of Cambridge'In my view Dance to The Tune of Life is a 'must read'. In it Denis Noble lucidly deconstructs how and why reductionism came to prominence in biology and led to the current state of molecular Humpty-Dumptyism. His central idea that there is no privileged level of causation is the first conceptual step to putting Humpty Dumpty back together again.' Michael J. Joyner, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota'Denis Noble is renowned for his mission to reintegrate the physiological sciences with mainstream biology, including evolutionary theory. His new book combines clear exposition of basic principles with many valuable examples. He gives the reader, general or expert, a completely new view of life.' Yung E. Earm, Seoul National University, South Korea'Dance to the Tune of Life is one of the most fascinating and impressive books I have ever read. Denis Noble, a world-renowned physiologist and systems biologist, has revolutionized our traditional notion of the nature of life. The title Dance to the Tune of Life mirrors the essence of the argument of the book. The life emerges from numerous biological processes at different scales and levels. Such actors and actresses, stage properties, and stage are not separately present they act together in harmony, dancing to a tune with a music performed by an orchestra, an organism. By describing his research experiences and achievements on the cardiac rhythm evolutionary biology, medicine, and philosophy, Denis has not only provided us with very modern knowledge of the biological reactions and their network but also described to us the nature of life. I believe that this book impacts everyone involved in biomedicine.' Yoshihisa Kurachi, Osaka University, Japan'Having demolished the 'Selfish Gene' fiction, Noble in this marvelous book moves both science and philosophy from an antiquated 'either/or' static model to an 'and' model. 'Dance' shows elegantly and brilliantly that from the miracle of the ancient symbiosis of mitochondrial bacterial remnants in human cells, through the rock-solid interrelationship between genes and the feedback from the environment in all senses - from the core phenomenon of functional epigenetics, to the universe itself and our place in it - that we are, at heart, inter-beings, co-arising.' Samuel Shem, New York University'Denis Noble is a pioneer in understanding human physiology through quantitative studies linking behaviour across multiple scales of biological organization - from proteins to cells, tissues, organs and organ systems. These studies have led him to characterize biological function in terms of a Principle of Biological Relativity: there is no privileged level of causation in biology, because living organisms are multilevel open stochastic systems in which the behaviour at any level depends on higher and lower levels, and so cannot be fully understood in isolation. This engaging book defends this view in depth, and thereby also provides strong support for an extended synthesis of evolutionary theory that goes beyond the Modern Synthesis of Neo-Darwinism. It is highly recommended as a thoughtful study of the kind of complexity real living organisms display.' George Ellis FRS, University of Cape Town, South Africa'In this elegantly written and personal book world-renowned physiologist and systems biologist Denis Noble effectively argues for a fundamental revision of the theory of evolution. Against the reductionist, gene-centered approach of Neo-Darwinism, which has dominated biology for more than a century, Noble passionately pleas for a more integrated approach. Massively supported by recent postgenomic and epigenetic empirical research, Dance to the Tune of Life deepens and synthesizes ideas Noble earlier developed in The Music of Life. Biology beyond the Genome (2006) and subsequent writings. Just like Newtonian physics underwent a major transformation in the beginning of the 20th century due to Einstein's general theory of relativity, the life sciences are facing a no less fundamental transformation. Noble's book is a must read for anyone who wants to understand this transformation.' Jos de Mul, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands'… enlightening … The illustrations are both vibrant and clarifying, giving this title a sparkle that compels you to imagine how each concept fits into the larger scheme. I commend this author for relishing the subtle reminders of what makes this inquiry important. It's a best read.' D. Wayne Dworsky, San Francisco Book Review (www.sanfranciscobookreview.com)'… a very informative read … Noble's Dance to the Tune of Life is an illuminating account of why philosophy is necessary in doing science.' Sepehr Ehsani, Metascience'The narrative is remarkable … Dance to the Tune of Life is a marvellous text reflecting on the complexity of biology.' Anna Holderbaum, The BiologistTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgments; 1. The universe and the principle of relativity; 2. Biological scales and levels; 3. Biological networks; 4. Nature and origin of cells; 5. Blind chance and natural selection; 6. Biological relativity; 7. Dancing nucleotides: natural genetic engineering; 8. Epigenetics and a relativistic theory of evolution; 9. The relativity of epistemology: the meaning of it all; 10. Postscript; Glossary; Index.

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Book SynopsisDavid J. Eicher's fascinating and spectacular exploration of the cosmos presents a series of remarkable celestial highlights ranging from the exploration of our own solar system to the latest theories on the fate of the cosmos. It features color illustrations including numerous photos, maps and explanatory diagrams.Trade Review'David Eicher has more than three decades' experience of writing about astronomy for a general readership. His experience and enthusiasm shine through in this wide-ranging survey of current 'hot topics'.' Martin Rees, Emeritus Professor of Cosmology and Astrophysics, University of Cambridge'The New Cosmos by David Eicher is a wonderful read! This wonderfully written, accessible, authoritative new book spans the breadth of major topics in early twenty-first-century astronomy, engaging the reader in every chapter. I haven't seen a better book surveying modern astronomy in a decade. I highly recommend this masterpiece as a gift to yourself or anyone interested in space and astronomy.' Alan Stern, Principal Investigator of the New Horizons mission, Southwest Research Institute'If you are looking for a collection of newspaper headlines full of hype about this discovery or that, then The New Cosmos probably isn't for you. On the other hand, if those headlines whet your appetite for something more substantial, then pick up a copy and settle in for a fascinating and enlightening read. The New Cosmos is not simply a survey of astronomy and planetary science - it is more of a travelogue, starting with intriguing questions and then following where each story leads. And there throughout the journey is David J. Eicher's obvious passion and joy for the wonders of the heavens, and for the human quest to make those wonders known.' Jeff Hester, Professor Emeritus, School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University'In this book, Eicher synthesizes a wealth of relatively new information into an interesting, coherent, up-to-date overview of many of the most important and exciting areas of astronomy … Immersing yourself in the chapters that follow will give you a new sense of wonder at the amazing universe that we inhabit, yet simultaneously awakening both your humility as a cosmic speck of dust and your awe at our present understanding of the cosmos.' Alex Filippenko, University of California, Berkeley, from the Foreword'This is an exceptional book that places our life in a global perspective on the cosmic stage, both in space and in time. It leaves you wondering whether our civilization should reconsider its priorities if it wishes to be regarded as intelligent.' Abraham Loeb, Harvard University'David Eicher provides a much-needed update to Carl Sagan's classic book Cosmos from thirty-five years ago, describing the most fascinating advances in astronomy and planetary science.' Alfred McEwen, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson'The New Cosmos is an enjoyable stroll through our current knowledge of the objects in the cosmic zoo. As a planetary scientist, I welcome the opportunity to learn about fields distant from my own. I know that I can trust their treatment because my own field is expertly and concisely covered. Bravo!' Paul D. Spudis, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston'It can be easy to forget just how many different major astrophysical discoveries have taken place in recent years. Eicher takes the reader through a whirlwind tour of the most exciting highlights, from newly discovered planets in our own cosmic backyard, to the dark matter and dark energy that are ubiquitous throughout our universe. The New Cosmos covers all of the 'big questions' that are being nervously and excitedly debated in the hallways of astronomy and physics departments around the world.' Dan Hooper, Fermilab, Illinois'If you want to know what happens when the Sun dies, or wish to understand such puzzles as the true nature of black holes and the long-term fate of the universe, then you should be reading this book. In clear and authoritative prose, David Eicher offers readers a wonderful set of answers to the most consequential questions in astronomy. It's an impressively comprehensive treatment of the biggest subject of all - the cosmos.' Seth Shostak, SETI Institute, CaliforniaTable of ContentsForeword Alex Filippenko; 1. The awakening of astronomy; 2. How the Sun will die; 3. The end of life on Earth; 4. How the moon formed; 5. Where has all the water gone?; 6. Why did Venus turn inside-out?; 7. Is Pluto a planet?; 8. Planets everywhere; 9. The Milky Way as barred spiral; 10. Here comes Milkomeda; 11. The Big Bang's cosmic echo; 12. How large is the universe?; 13. The mystery of dark matter; 14. The bigger mystery of dark energy; 15. Black holes are ubiquitous; 16. What is the universe's fate?; 17. The meaning of life in the cosmos; Glossary; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisFully updated for the second edition, this book introduces the growing and dynamic field of particle astrophysics. It provides an overview of high-energy nuclei, photons and neutrinos, including their origins, their propagation in the cosmos, their detection on Earth and their relation to each other. Coverage is expanded to include new content on high energy physics, the propagation of protons and nuclei in cosmic background radiation, neutrino astronomy, high-energy and ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, sources and acceleration mechanisms, and atmospheric muons and neutrinos. Readers are able to master the fundamentals of particle astrophysics within the context of the most recent developments in the field. This book will benefit graduate students and established researchers alike, equipping them with the knowledge and tools needed to design and interpret their own experiments and, ultimately, to address a number of questions concerning the nature and origins of cosmic particles that havTrade Review'With more than 25 years since the first edition, this second edition … has been revised and extended by about 150 pages to account for the progress and important discoveries made in the field since then. These comprise the famous neutrino oscillations, the cutoff in ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray spectra, Tera-electronvolt gamma rays from galactic sources and the unexpected excess of high-energy positrons and astrophysical neutrinos. … The text is well written and presents all material with mathematical rigour and a large number of references to scientific publications … The text is accompanied by numerous black-and-white figures, mainly of spectra. It has an appendix with additional material and a helpful index. … It can be recommended mainly for graduate students and researchers from both theory and experiment who want a thorough introduction to the phenomenology and to the theoretical background of cosmic ray physics at the junction of particle physics and astronomy.' Manuel Vogel, Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPreface to the first edition; Preface to the second edition; 1. Cosmic rays; 2. Cosmic ray data; 3. Particle physics; 4. Hadronic interactions and accelerator data; 5. Cascade equations; 6. Atmospheric muons and neutrinos; 7. Neutrino masses and oscillations; 8. Muons and neutrinos underground; 9. Cosmic rays in the Galaxy; 10. Extragalactic propagation of cosmic rays; 11. Astrophysical - rays and neutrinos; 12. Acceleration; 13. Supernovae in the Milky Way; 14. Astrophysical accelerators and beam dumps; 15. Electromagnetic cascades; 16. Extensive air showers; 17. Very high energy cosmic rays; 18. Neutrino astronomy; A.1. Units, constants and definitions; A.2. References to flux measurements; A.3. Particle flux, density, and interaction cross section; A.4. Fundamentals of scattering theory; A.5. Regge amplitude; A.6. Glauber model of nuclear cross sections; A.7. Earth's atmosphere; A.8. Longitudinal development of air showers; A.9. Secondary positrons and electrons; A.10. Liouville's theorem and cosmic ray propagation; A.11. Cosmology and distances measures; A.12. The Hillas splitting algorithm; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe book covers Classifications and Chemistry, Manufacturing Processes of Textile Auxiliaries, Commercial Textile Auxiliaries, Formulations of Textile Auxiliaries, Classification of Surfactants, Details of Raw Materials, Anionic SurfactantS.

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Book SynopsisWritten by two of the most respected workers in the field, this is the first-ever authoritative and systematic account of supergravity. It provides a thorough introduction to the fundamentals of supergravity and with numerous exercises, examples and its range of applications, it is ideal for both Ph.D. students and researchers.Trade Review'Over the last four decades, the theory of supergravity has emerged as a central ingredient in the search for the still-elusive unified theory of nature, and has led to many deep results in mathematical physics. This comprehensive, accessible text, written by the pioneers of the subject, fills a gap in the literature and will play an essential role in our future efforts to understand nature.' Andrew Strominger, Harvard University'Freedman and Van Proeyen's Supergravity is a much-needed introduction to the union of general relativity with supersymmetry, written by two of the leaders in the field. The presentation is clear, well planned, and thorough. It begins with the necessary background in field theory and geometry, and runs through recent applications to AdS/CFT duality.' Joseph Polchinski, University of California, Santa Barbara'Finally there is an up-to-date textbook available that introduces supergravity to present and future generations of students. The authors take great care to explain the basic concepts of supersymmetry and supergravity in a pedagogical way, starting from standard notions in field theory and general relativity. Highly recommended.' Bernard de Wit, Utrecht University'Supergravity is a keystone of modern theoretical physics, connecting Einstein's gravity, superstring theory, and proposed extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics. It is also a subject known for its forbidding technical difficulties. In this book, Freedman and Van Proeyen decode the structure of supergravity. Beginning from lucid explanations of the basic geometrical and gauge symmetries, they show how to build up supergravity theories systematically in four and in higher dimensions.' Michael E. Peskin, Stanford University'Supergravity by D. Freedman and A. Van Proeyen is the most complete and most concise textbook on the basic mathematical formalism of supergravity, its solutions and applications for the AdS/CFT correspondence on the market. This book will become an indispensable tool for every student and researcher who wants to learn and to work with this beautiful subject.' Dieter Lüst, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and the Max Planck Institute for Physics'This book is an excellent introduction to the rich and many-faceted topic of supergravity. Students will find it to be thorough and detailed and all around an outstanding book to learn from. More senior researchers will find it to be a very valuable resource.' Edward Witten, The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton'Freedman and Van Proeyen have written an excellent book. As may be expected from two of the experts who played a significant role in the development of many of the topics described, the explanation of the material is very clear, including details of derivations and applications of the results.' Douglas J. Smith, Mathematical ReviewsTable of ContentsPart I. Relativistic Field Theory in Minkowski Spacetime: 1. Scalar field theory and its symmetries; 2. The Dirac field; 3. Clifford algebras and spinors; 4. The Maxwell and Yang-Mills gauge fields; 5. The free Rarita-Schwinger field; 6. N=1 global supersymmetry in D=4; Part II. Differential Geometry and Gravity: 7. Differential geometry; 8. The first and second order formulations of general relativity; Part III. Basic Supergravity: 9. N=1 pure supergravity in 4 dimensions; 10. D=11 supergravity; 11. General gauge theory; 12. Survey of supergravities; Part IV. Complex Geometry and Global SUSY: 13. Complex manifolds; 14. General actions with N=1 supersymmetry; Part V. Superconformal Construction of Supergravity Theories: 15. Gravity as a conformal gauge theory; 16. The conformal approach to N=1 supergravity; 17. Construction of the matter-coupled N=1 supergravity; Part VI. N=1 Supergravity Actions and Applications: 18. The physical N=1 matter-coupled supergravity; 19. Applications of N=1 supergravity; Part VII. Extended N=2 Supergravity: 20. Construction of the matter-coupled N=2 supergravity; 21. The physical N=2 matter-coupled supergravity; Part VIII. Classical Solutions and the AdS/CFT Correspondence: 22. Classical solutions of gravity and supergravity; 23. The AdS/CFT correspondence; Appendix; Index.

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Book SynopsisAn accessible learning resource that develops data analysis skills for natural science students in an efficient style using the R programming language R-ticulate: A Beginner's Guide to Data Analysis for Natural Scientists is a compact, example-based, and user-friendly statistics textbook without unnecessary frills, but instead filled with engaging, relatable examples, practical tips, online exercises, resources, and references to extensions, all on a level that follows contemporary curricula taught in large parts of the world. The content structure is unique in the sense that statistical skills are introduced at the same time as software (programming) skills in R. This is by far the best way of teaching from the authors' experience. Readers of this introductory text will find: Explanations of statistical concepts in simple, easy-to-understand language A variety of approaches to problem solving using both base R and tidyverse

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisThis book by Michael A. Cremo presents 24 papers on the relationship between science and religion, focusing on archeological evidence for extreme human antiquity and a Vedic alternative to human origins theory. It will interest theologians, scientists, historians, philosophers, and scholars of science and religion.

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Book SynopsisThis exciting tour of our Universe explores our current knowledge of exoplanets and the search for another Earth-like planet. Stuart Ross Taylor provides detailed studies of Earth and our Solar System as a basis for understanding exoplanets and planetary habitability, including philosophical and historical perspectives on planets and extraterrestrial life.Trade Review'This book is an encyclopaedic reference of the vast range of intertwining phenomena and processes which compete to shape the paths of planet-making. It is comprehensive, thorough, and admirably up-to-date. With many intriguing historic antidotes and vivid analogies, Taylor lucidly conveys some deep concepts in layman terms, without the distraction of intimidating formula or excessive jargon. It is a must-have for all amateurs or professionals who are fascinated by our place in the Universe.' Douglas Lin, Lick Observatory, University of California'In his highly readable style, Ross Taylor describes the most recently discovered members of the solar system family, and the planets found to circle other stars. Anyone interested in planetary formation will be interested by his argument for their formation by chance and the laws of physics, not by destiny or design, and his conclusion that other peopled earths must be extremely rare.' John Wood, former Associate Director, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics'This book presents an interesting and novel view of the origin of the Earth and life upon it. It successfully covers the known fact[s] about the main members of our solar system as well as fully covering the recent discoveries concerning other planetary system[s]. It also looks the formation of planets and planetary system[s], placing the concept within the wider context of stars and galaxies. It is [a] thoroughly readable account, accessible to a wide audience, with complex concepts being explained in an informative way. Readers of all levels will both enjoy and learn from this book.' Iwan Williams, Queen Mary, University of London'Subject: nothing less important than the universe including its history. Author: nothing less than a world-renowned scientist of broad learning with an exceptional gift for exposition. Result: nothing less than a must-read for scientists, philosophers, and anyone interested in learning about some of the most dramatic advances in our understanding of the universe and our place in it.' Michael J. Crowe, Professor Emeritus, University of Notre Dame, and author of The Extraterrestrial Life Debate, 1750–1900'This is an engaging and informative read for anyone interested in planetary formation and the exploration of the universe.' Lunar and Planetary Information Bulletin'… benefits from an accessible and engaging tone … full of interesting tidbits …' Olivia Johnson, skyatnightmagazine.com'Without doubt one of the most important astronomical texts of the decade so far.' Astronomy Now'Taylor puts the reader at ease early by defining terminology in an inviting conversational tone, which continues throughout the book … Useful for intrepid laypersons, students, and professionals. Summing up: recommended. Lower-division undergraduates and above; general audiences.' N. W. Hinman, ChoiceTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; List of abbreviations; 1. Prologue; 2. The Universe; 3. Forming planets; 4. The exoplanets; 5. Our Solar System; 6. Earth and Moon; 7. Perspectives; Appendix A. Sources; Appendix B. The geological time scale on the Earth; Appendix C. The geological time scale on Mars; Appendix D. The geological time scale on the Moon; Index.

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive overview of Bayesian approaches to phylogenetics using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, offering theoretical insight, pragmatic advice and tools to develop further models. This title is a one-stop reference to applying the latest phylogenetic models in BEAST 2, interpreting the analyses and extending these models further.Trade Review'Want to construct a phylogeny, add in calibrated time points or work out the past history of an epidemic? The open source package BEAST has established itself as the industry standard for all this and more. This definitive book, explaining what is under the hood, how the user can customize extensions and, most critically, a simple 'how to' users guide, is necessary reading for beginners and specialists alike.' Laurence D. Hurst, University of Bath'In concert with the dramatic improvements to DNA sequencing technology, Bayesian inference has revolutionized population genetics, phylogenetics, and divergence time estimation. A similar impact on epidemiology appears imminent via a suite of new Bayesian methods that incorporate host and pathogen DNA sequence data into established mathematical frameworks. This book is an accessible and thorough introduction to these Bayesian procedures. However, the book does far more than explain the theory. It also includes clear guides on how to use the BEAST 2 software for performing Bayesian analyses, and how to visualize the results. Because the software is designed to be extensible, the book instructs users to write their own code to supplement the diverse methods that are already implemented in BEAST 2. This book is timely and is written by two of the leaders of the field. I highly recommend it.' Jeff Thorne, North Carolina State UniversityTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; Part I. Theory: 1. Introduction; 2. Evolutionary trees; 3. Substitution and site models; 4. The molecular clock; 5. Structured trees and phylogeography; Part II. Practice: 6. Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees; 7. Setting up and running a phylogenetic analysis; 8. Estimating species trees from multilocus data; 9. Advanced analysis; 10. Posterior analysis and post-processing; 11. Exploring phylogenetic tree space; Part III. Programming: 12. Getting started with BEAST; 13. BEAST XML; 14. Coding and design patterns; 15. Putting it all together; Bibliography; List of authors; List of subjects.

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Book SynopsisProviding the latest results and color images from the Cassini space mission, this up-to-date edition is an important resource for students and professionals in planetary science. Revised highlighted topics include Saturn's F ring, Uranus' rings and moons, Neptune's partial rings, dusty rings, and Jupiter's ring-moon system after the New Horizons mission.Trade Review'Supported by an online collection of beautiful NASA images, this is a critical resource for anyone interested in planetary sciences.' ChoiceTable of ContentsPreface: a personal view of planetary rings; 1. Introduction: the allure of the ringed planets; 2. Studies of planetary rings 1610–2013; 3. Diversity of planetary rings; 4. Individual ring particles and their collisions; 5. Large-scale ring evolution; 6. Moons confine and sculpt rings; 7. Explaining ring phenomena; 8. N-body simulations; 9. Stochastic models; 10. Age and evolution of rings; 11. Saturn's mysterious F ring; 12. Uranus' rings and moons; 13. Neptune's partial rings; 14. Jupiter's ring-moon system after Galileo and New Horizons; 15. Ring photometry; 16. Dusty rings; 17. Concluding remarks; Afterword; Glossary; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisSurveying the last sixty years of research, this book describes the physical properties of DNA in the context of its biological functioning. It is designed to enable both students and researchers of molecular biology, biochemistry and physics to better understand the biophysics of DNA, addressing key questions and facilitating further research. The chapters integrate theoretical and experimental approaches, emphasising throughout the importance of a quantitative knowledge of physical properties in building and analysing models of DNA functioning. For example, the book shows how the relationship between DNA mechanical properties and the sequence specificity of DNA-protein binding can be analyzed quantitatively by using our current knowledge of the physical and structural properties of DNA. Theoretical models and experimental methods in the field are critically considered to enable the reader to engage effectively with the current scientific literature on the physical properties of DNA.Table of ContentsPreface; 1. DNA structures; 2. Conformational transitions; 3. Equilibrium large-scale conformational properties of DNA; 4. DNA dynamics; 5. DNA-protein interaction; 6. Circular DNA; Index.

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Book SynopsisFocusing on simple models, this book describes methods for studying the quantitative aspects of life through physical modelling, using E. coli and phage lambda as key examples. It encompasses fields such as quantitative molecular biology, systems biology and biophysics, providing a tool for students from both biological and physical science backgrounds.Trade Review'Models of Life is an insight of a physicist into biological regulatory mechanisms. It provides a quantitative basis of how many of the biological systems work. Using simple logic and mathematics, Kim Sneppen, a world renowned scientist and thinker, has created a must-read for investigators in quantitative biology. The book provides a clear explanation of triumphant experiments in a lucid way with crisp figures. The brilliance of the author's analytical mind is on display when one sees how he explains some of the exciting paradigmatic regulatory systems, beginning with the basics of molecular biology. The book is also replete with intellectually challenging problem questions for readers, making the book an excellent text for students as well.' Sankar Adhya, National Cancer Institute, Maryland'Kim Sneppen's insightful book covers lots of ground in describing biological systems at different time and length scales and levels of resolution. Its different chapters unified by the author's modeling philosophy are sure to be of interest to a very diverse group of readers … Readers interested in agent-based modeling will find it applies to systems as diverse as epigenetics, propagation of information and evolutionary patterns in fossil records. Dedicated chapters combine biophysics and systems biology of gene regulation and protein-protein interactions. The book provides especially deep coverage of biology of phages, bacteria and their interactions within ecosystems. It would make an excellent textbook for one or even several university courses on systems or evolutionary biology. In fact when teaching these courses I will use it heavily myself and recommend it to my students.' Sergei Maslov, Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York'Sneppen has written a wonderfully friendly and readable book on the principles of biological cells for physicists. He presents concepts and models at a level that is sufficiently deep to convey powerful insights, while keeping the math to the absolutely minimal level that is needed to be clear and informative. This book is pioneering in covering scientific terrain that is largely not covered much elsewhere, but will be in the future - including feedback, regulation, networks, bistability in the lambda-phage switch, DNA looping, diffusion in cells, epigenetic regulation and cellular evolution. I highly recommend it as a deeply insightful book about the principles of biology and a great read.' Ken Dill, Laufer Center, Stony Brook UniversityTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Life from a physics perspective; 2. E. coli as a model system; 3. Dynamics of regulatory links; 4. Statistical mechanics of phage λ; 5. Diffusion and randomness in transcription; 6. Stochastic genes and persistent decisions; 7. Gene regulation and epigenetics in cis; 8. Feedback circuits; 9. Networks; 10. Signalling and metabolic networks; 11. Agent-based models of signalling and selection; 12. Competition and diversity; 13. Evolution and extinction; Appendix; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisSpectroscopy is the study of electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with solid, liquid, gas and plasma. It is one of the widely used analytical techniques to study the structure of atoms and molecules. The technique is also employed to obtain information about atoms and molecules as a result of their distinctive spectra. The fast-spreading field of spectroscopic applications has made a noteworthy influence on many disciplines, including energy research, chemical processing, environmental protection and medicine. This book aims to introduce students to the topic of spectroscopy. The author has avoided the mathematical aspects of the subject as far as possible; they appear in the text only when inevitable. Including topics such as time-dependent perturbation theory, laser action and applications of Group Theory in interpretation of spectra, the book offers a detailed coverage of the basic concepts and applications of spectroscopy.Table of ContentsList of figures; List of tables; List of abbreviations; Preface; Acknowledgement; 1. Fundamentals of spectroscopy; 2. Theoretical principles; 3. Atomic spectroscopy; 4. Pure rotational spectroscopy; 5. Vibrational spectroscopy of diatomics; 6. Vibrational spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules; 7. The Raman effect; 8. Electronic spectroscopy of diatomic molecules; 9. Electronic spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules; Appendices; Select bibliography; Index; About the author.

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Book SynopsisCosmology is in crisis. In this book, philosopher Roberto Mangabeira Unger and physicist Lee Smolin, world-renowned for their radical ideas in their fields, argue for a revolution in our cosmological ideas. The book is readily accessible to non-scientists as well as to the physicists and cosmologists whom it challenges.Trade Review'It might be one of the most important books of our time … Right or wrong, this book is an event.' Bryan Appleyard, The Sunday Times'A hefty explication setting out clear agendas for research into quantum foundations, explanations for the 'arrow of time' and other parts of this puzzle.' Nature'Any serious intellectual rebellion is worth watching. This one is ambitious: it seeks to root out one of the oldest impulses in the western imagination.' The Spectator'Is time, after all, real? Two mavericks take an axe to the established theories of cosmology.' The Guardian'… an admirable restatement of cosmological ambition.' The Times Higher Education Supplement'Anyone that wants to thoroughly deliberate over the question of cosmology should read this book.' Peter Eisenhardt, translated from Physik JournalTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. Roberto Mangabeira Unger: 1. The science of the one universe in time; 2. The context and consequences of the argument; 3. The singular existence of the universe; 4. The inclusive reality of time; 5. The mutability of the laws of nature; 6. The selective realism of mathematics; Part II. Lee Smolin: 1. Cosmology in crisis; 2. Principles for a cosmological theory; 3. The setting: the puzzles of contemporary cosmology; 4. Hypotheses for a new cosmology; 5. Mathematics; 6. Approaches to solving the metalaw dilemma; 7. Implications of temporal naturalism for philosophy of mind; 8. An agenda for science; 9. Concluding remarks; A note concerning disagreements between our views.

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Book SynopsisAs researchers try to predict the effects of human modification at all trophic levels and mediate the impact of rapid environmental change, it has become clear it is no longer a matter of agreeing that both bottom-up and top-down forces play important roles in diverse ecosystems. Rather, the question is: how do these forces interact across aquatic and terrestrial systems? Written by leading experts in the field, this book presents a unique synthesis of trophic relationships within and across ecosystems that is a valuable foundation for the development of cross-system, multidisciplinary research. It also provides new insights into population biology and community ecology and examines the interactive effects of bottom-up and top-down forces on biodiversity at each trophic level. A one-stop resource for learning about bottom-up and top-down interactions, this book encourages discussion and collaboration among researchers to identify similarities and differences in trophic interactions acrTable of ContentsList of contributors; Preface; Part I. Theory: 1. Theoretical perspectives on bottom-up and top-down interactions across ecosystems Shawn J. Leroux and Michel Loreau; Part II. Ecosystems: 2. The spatio-temporal dynamics of trophic control in large marine ecosystems Kenneth T. Frank, Jonathan A. D. Fisher and William C. Leggett; 3. Top-down and bottom-up interactions in freshwater ecosystems: emerging complexities Jason M. Taylor, Michael J. Vanni and Alexander S. Flecker; 4. Top-down and bottom-up interactions determine tree and herbaceous layer dynamics in savannah grasslands A. Carla Staver and Sally Koerner; 5. Bottom-up and top-down forces shaping wooded ecosystems: lessons from a cross-biome comparison Dries P. J. Kuijper, Mariska te Beest, Marcin Churski and Joris P. G. M. Cromsigt; 6. Dynamic systems of exchange link trophic dynamics in freshwater and terrestrial food webs John L. Sabo and David Hoekman; 7. Bottom-up and top-down interactions in coastal interface systems Jan P. Bakker, Karina J. Nielsen, Juan Alberti, Francis Chan, Sally D. Hacker, Oscar O. Iribarne, Dries P. J. Kuijper, Bruce A. Menge, Maarten Schrama and Brian R. Silliman; Part III. Patterns and Processes: 8. Influence of plant defences and nutrients on trophic control of ecosystems Karin T. Burghardt and Oswald J. Schmitz; 9. Interactive effects of plants, decomposers, herbivores, and predators on nutrient cycling Sarah E. Hobbie and Sébastien Villéger; 10. The role of bottom-up and top-down interactions in determining microbial and fungal diversity and function Thomas W. Crowther and Hans-Peter Grossart; 11. The question of scale in trophic ecology Lee A. Dyer, Tara J. Massad and Matthew L. Forister; 12. The role of species diversity in bottom-up and top-down interactions Jerome J. Weis; 13. Plant and herbivore evolution within the trophic sandwich Luis Abdala-Roberts and Kailen A. Mooney; 14. Bottom-up and top-down interactions across ecosystems in an era of global change Kimberly J. La Pierre and Torrance C. Hanley; Index.

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Book SynopsisOver the past three decades there has been a total revolution in the classic branch of mathematics called 3-dimensional topology, namely the discovery that most solid 3-dimensional shapes are hyperbolic 3-manifolds. This book introduces and explains hyperbolic geometry and hyperbolic 3- and 2-dimensional manifolds in the first two chapters and then goes on to develop the subject. The author discusses the profound discoveries of the astonishing features of these 3-manifolds, helping the reader to understand them without going into long, detailed formal proofs. The book is heavily illustrated with pictures, mostly in color, that help explain the manifold properties described in the text. Each chapter ends with a set of exercises and explorations that both challenge the reader to prove assertions made in the text, and suggest further topics to explore that bring additional insight. There is an extensive index and bibliography.Trade Review'The diagrams, over 60 in number and for the most part highly intricate computer-generated graphics, will leave the reader craving for more.' Tushar Das, MAA Reviews'With its plenitude of exercises, both closed- and open-ended, and its extensive index and bibliography, this book merits what a reviewer wrote of the first edition: its 'topic's central importance and the author's singular viewpoint earn this book a place in all academic libraries.' Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above; faculty and professionals.' F. E. J. Linton, CHOICE'… the book provides an excellent overview of the developments of recent decades in the theory of hyperbolic 3-manifolds.' Thilo Kuessner, Mathematical ReviewsTable of ContentsList of illustrations; Preface; 1. Hyperbolic space and its isometries; 2. Discrete groups; 3. Properties of hyperbolic manifolds; 4. Algebraic and geometric convergence; 5. Deformation spaces and the ends of manifolds; 6. Hyperbolization; 7. Line geometry; 8. Right hexagons and hyperbolic trigonometry; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisProbing and controlling electrons and nuclei in matter at the attosecond timescale became possible with the generation of attosecond pulses by few-cycle intense lasers, and has revolutionized our understanding of atomic structure and molecular processes. This book provides an intuitive approach to this emerging field, utilizing simplified models to develop a clear understanding of how matter interacts with attosecond pulses of light. An introductory chapter outlines the structure of atoms and molecules and the properties of a focused laser beam. Detailed discussion of the fundamental theory of attosecond and strong-field physics follows, including the molecular tunnelling ionization model (MO-ADK theory), the quantitative rescattering (QRS) model, and the laser induced electronic diffraction (LIED) theory for probing the change of atomic configurations in a molecule. Highlighting the cutting-edge developments in attosecond and strong field physics, and identifying future opportunities Trade Review'This is the book we were waiting for…Definitely a must-have!' Jens Biegert, The Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO)'… a very accessible introduction to the emerging fields of attosecond science and strong field laser physics … This book will be a valuable resource for both new students and experienced researchers in the field.' Mark Vrakking, Max Born Institute, Berlin'The first reference in the attosecond and strong field community.' Katsumi Midorikawa, Director, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics'This is a textbook dedicated to graduate students who wish to understand strong laser fields and attosecond physics. The book is very clearly written and beautifully illustrated, the majority of figures being in color. Exercises and references are found at the end of all chapters … Since attosecond pulses are a booming area of research, with many applications, this book is a must for university libraries and can be read easily by students and experts in the field. Daniela Dragoman, Optics & Photonics NewsTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Elements of atoms, molecules and wave propagation; 2. Basic formulation of interactions between an intense laser pulse and atoms; 3. Strong field ionization and low-energy electron spectra of atoms and molecules; 4. Rescattering and laser-induced electron diffraction; 5. Fundamentals of high-order harmonic generation; 6. Applications of high-order harmonics: HHG spectroscopy and optimization of harmonics; 7. Generation and characterization of attosecond pulses; 8. Probing electron dynamics with isolated attosecond pulses; List of books; Solutions to selected problems; Index.

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Book SynopsisFreshwater fish are one of the most diverse groups of vertebrates, but are also amongst the most threatened. With contributions from leaders in the field, this is the first assessment of the global state of freshwater fish diversity, synthesising the opportunities, challenges and barriers facing the conservation of freshwater fish biodiversity. The book includes the first global assessment of the number, type and distribution of threatened freshwater fish species, discussing the features of freshwater fish biology and ecology that render so many species vulnerable to extinction. Introductory chapters on why freshwater fish are so sensitive to environmental change and disturbance lead into chapters providing detailed reviews of the key threatening processes and potential solutions. A concluding chapter summarises the key issues and looks to the future for opportunities and challenges for the conservation and management of freshwater fish.Trade Review'It is not often that I moved to write that a book is excellently and authoritatively written and edited throughout, but this is one of those rare occasions … I unhesitatingly recommend this book to anyone involved with freshwater fish conservation in any capacity. … The excellent reviews and thoughts presented here will certainly bring such readers rapidly up to speed on the current state of freshwater fish conservation around the world. Finally, this book also lends itself to adoption as a teaching text for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate classes, with all but the last chapter ending with a series of discussion questions which would serve well as tutorial, essay and even examination subjects!' Ian J. Winfield, Journal of Fish BiologyTable of ContentsList of contributors; Preface; 1. Lost fishes, who is counting? The extent of the threat to freshwater fish biodiversity William R. T. Darwall and Jörg Freyhof; 2. Why are freshwater fish so threatened? Gerard P. Closs, Paul L. Angermeier, William R. T. Darwall and Stephen R. Balcombe; 3. Climate change effects on freshwater fishes, conservation and management Jani Heino, Jaakko Erkinaro, Ari Huusko and Miska Luoto; 4. Challenges and opportunities for fish conservation in dam-impacted waters Julian D. Olden; 5. Chemical pollution Nathaniel L. Scholz and Jenifer K. McIntyre; 6. Multiple stressor effects on freshwater fish: a review and meta-analysis Christoph D. Matthaei and Katharina Lange; 7. Infectious disease and the conservation of freshwater fish Martin Krkosek and Robert Poulin; 8. Non-indigenous fishes and their role in freshwater fish imperilment M. Jake Vander Zanden, Nicolas W. R. Lapointe and Michael P. Marchetti; 9. Riparian management and the conservation of stream ecosystems and fishes Mark S. Wipfli and John S. Richardson; 10. Fragmentation, connectivity and fish species persistence in freshwater ecosystems Keith B. Gido, James E. Whitney, Joshuah S. Perkin and Thomas F. Turner; 11. Conservation of migratory fishes in freshwater ecosystems Peter B. McIntyre, Catherine Reidy Liermann, Evan Childress, Ellen J. Hamann, J. Derek Hogan, Stephanie R. Januchowski-Hartley, Aaron A. Koning, Thomas M. Neeson, Daniel L. Oele and Brenda M. Pracheil; 12. Protecting apex predators Kirk O. Winemiller, Paul Humphries and Bradley J. Pusey; 13. Artificial propagation of freshwater fishes: benefits and risks to recipient ecosystems from stocking, translocation, and re-introduction John Epifanio and Robin Waples; 14. Freshwater conservation planning Virgilio Hermoso, Simon Linke, Stephanie R. Januchowski-Hartley and Mark J. Kennard; 15. Sustainable inland fisheries - perspectives from the recreational, commercial and subsistence sectors from around the globe Steven J. Cooke, Vivian M. Nguyen, John M. Dettmers, Robert Arlinghaus, Michael C. Quist, Denis Tweddle, Olaf L. F. Weyl, Rajeev Raghavan, Marcela Portocarrero-Aya, Edwin Agudelo Córdoba and Ian G. Cowx; 16. Understanding and conserving genetic diversity in a world dominated by alien introductions and native transfers: the case study of primary and peripheral freshwater fishes in Southern-Europe Valerio Ketmaier and Pier Giorgio Bianco; 17. Maintaining taxonomic skills: the decline of taxonomy - a threat to fish conservation Maria J. Collares-Pereiram, Paul H. Skelton and Ian G. Cowx; 18. Synthesis - what is the future of freshwater fishes? Gerard P. Closs, Martin Krkosek and Julian D. Olden; Index.

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Book SynopsisJoin David J. Eicher in this journey through the history, present, and future of these mysterious cosmic bodies. This guide describes the science of what comets are and how they behave. The author also provides practical, how-to techniques, and tips on how to successfully observe and image comets for yourself.Trade Review'David J. Eicher has written a wonderful, up-to-date book on the history and science of comets. The book is written in a more conversational style, with occasional humor thrown in, and is not too technical. The result is a very enjoyable read for everyone.' Gary W. Kronk, author of the 'Cometography: A Catalog of Comets' series'Eicher's book brings the magical world of comets to life. It is not an arcane mathematical textbook but a celebration of these slowly wandering objects.' David H. Levy, author and discoverer of 22 comets'Highly readable … a lovely guide to comets that will remain valuable long after (Comet ISON) has departed our skies.' BBC Sky at Night Magazine'The author is enthusiastic and knowledgeable, capable of conveying his enthusiasm intelligently. He doesn't overwhelm the reader with complex mathematics but explains the science quite clearly.' Rosie Cawkwell, Rosie Writes'Eicher … has a way with words. Clarity, joy, inquisitiveness, and knowledge grace every page. It is clear that he is a great comet fan and we are very fortunate that he has taken the time to share his enthusiasm with us.' The ObservatoryTable of ContentsForeword David H. Levy; Preface; Acknowledgments; 1. Strange lights in the sky; 2. Great comets of the past; 3. What are comets?; 4. Comets of the modern era; 5. Comets in human culture; 6. Where comets live; 7. The expanding science of comets; 8. Observing comets; 9. Imaging comets; Glossary; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe availability of large data sets has allowed researchers to uncover complex properties such as large-scale fluctuations and heterogeneities in many networks, leading to the breakdown of standard theoretical frameworks and models. Until recently these systems were considered as haphazard sets of points and connections. Recent advances have generated a vigorous research effort in understanding the effect of complex connectivity patterns on dynamical phenomena. This book presents a comprehensive account of these effects. A vast number of systems, from the brain to ecosystems, power grids and the internet, can be represented as large complex networks. This book will interest graduate students and researchers in many disciplines, from physics and statistical mechanics to mathematical biology and information science. Its modular approach allows readers to readily access the sections of most interest to them, and complicated maths is avoided so the text can be easily followed by non-expertTrade ReviewReview of the hardback: 'With a focus in dynamical processes, this book is an excellent introduction … on the statistical mechanics approach of networks … Not only [does] it consist of a wide array of commonly used techniques in the discipline but also it provides multitudes of the techniques' applied examples … this book could serve as an introduction book and a reference to new-to-the-topic JASSS readers. To conclude, I believe that this book has contributed another step in integrating the vast multidisciplinary approaches in network science.' Journal of Artificial Societies and Social SimulationReview of the hardback: '… the book does a terrific and admirable job at putting some order into the wealth of research that has emerged during the last decade … a fantastic resource book on dynamical processes on complex networks, and its wide scope promises to keep it relevant for several years to come.' Journal of Statistical PhysicsReview of the hardback: '… a very useful book that fills an important gap in the market of books on networks … I will be opening this book whenever I want to start modelling a dynamical process on a network.' Contemporary Physics'The book does a remarkably good job in getting to the mathematical foundations of dynamical processes and complex networks. Hence, it should belong in the bookshelf of any sociologist who is seriously interested in complex and dynamic networks. It gives a great overview of techniques in the field and provides the mathematical depth one wishes for in a manner sociologists can understand. In sum, the book has potential to become a reference like Wasserman and Faust (1994) and offers significant (technical) value to sociologists who seriously want to get into the mathematics behind dynamical processes and complex networks.' Thomas U. Grund, Journal of Mathematical SociologyTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; List of abbreviations; 1. Preliminaries: networks and graphs; 2. Networks and complexity; 3. Network models; 4. Introduction to dynamical processes: theory and simulation; 5. Phase transitions on complex networks; 6. Resilience and robustness of networks; 7. Synchronization phenomena in networks; 8. Walking and searching on networks; 9. Epidemic spreading in population networks; 10. Social networks and collective behavior; 11. Traffic on complex networks; 12. Networks in biology: from the cell to ecosystems; 13. Postface: critically examining complex networks science; Appendixes; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisCovering all the main animal groups, from jellyfish to mammals, this book considers key questions about evolution. Its conversational, nontechnical style makes it an ideal text for beginning undergraduates and general readers. The chapters cover both evolutionary pattern (trees, relationships) and evolutionary process (mechanisms, including Darwinian natural selection).Trade Review'Wallace Arthur, a renowned evolutionary biologist, has written another of his excellent and easily approachable books introducing concepts, ideas and evidence of evolution. This new book is written in an informal style that a non-biologist should be able to follow without difficulty. He covers animal evolution from its beginning in deep time, and explains current ideas simply … Highly recommended for schools and biology students of all levels as well as the general reader.' Jennifer A. Clack, University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge'In Evolving Animals, the reader is taken on a tour through the major events in the history of animal life, from the Cambrian explosion to vertebrate origins, from water-to-land transitions to human evolution - with the benefit of enjoying the crystal-clear prose of a consummate writer who knows well how to produce a widely accessible book without any loss of accuracy or sacrifice in coverage. One of the world leaders in evolutionary developmental biology, Wallace Arthur draws extensively from this field to reconstruct animal evolution from a developmental perspective. In the end, more than being a book on zoology this is a book on evolution - adaptation, novelties, convergence, evolutionary trends in complexity of structure and behaviour, but also speciation and extinction - punctuated by frequent insights into the history of biology and informative glimpses of the new frontiers of phylogenetic reconstruction.' Alessandro Minelli, University of Padova, Italy'Wallace Arthur has written a clear, lively and enjoyable guide to the animal kingdom and its evolution. He leads the reader through what we know about animals, their forms, relationships, and origins in the deep past, but more importantly he tells how we know it in a way that's accessible to a wide range of readers.' Rudolf A. Raff, Indiana University'As an old-fashioned zoologist/embryologist, I enjoyed reading [this], and undergraduate biologists will gain a breadth of understanding of animals unattainable from any other book I know. This is a good little book, bringing zoology back into the academic gamut.' Jack Cohen, The BiologistTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; 1. What is an animal?; 2. Before there were animals; 3. How to make a fossil; 4. The Cambrian explosion; 5. How to make a species; 6. Jellyfish and their kin; 7. How to make a tree; 8. The enigmatic urbilaterian; 9. Animal symmetry and heads; 10. A plethora of worms; 11. Trends in animal complexity; 12. Where the octopus is king; 13. How to make an animal; 14. Exoskeletons galore; 15. Extinction; 16. Mouth first, mouth second; 17. Comparing embryos; 18. Larvae, mouthparts and moulting; 19. The animal toolkit; 20. Vertebrate origins and evolution; 21. From water to land to water; 22. Variation and inheritance; 23. Evolutionary novelties; 24. Human origins and evolution; 25. Animal plasticity; 26. The nature of adaptation; 27. The direction of evolution; 28. Animal extremophiles; 29. Extraterrestrial animals?; 30. The ghost in the machine; Appendix; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisComputing is revolutionizing the practice of biology. This book, which assumes no prior computing experience, provides students with the tools to write their own Python programs and to understand fundamental concepts in computational biology and bioinformatics. Each major part of the book begins with a compelling biological question, followed by the algorithmic ideas and programming tools necessary to explore it: the origins of pathogenicity are examined using gene finding, the evolutionary history of sex determination systems is studied using sequence alignment, and the origin of modern humans is addressed using phylogenetic methods. In addition to providing general programming skills, this book explores the design of efficient algorithms, simulation, NP-hardness, and the maximum likelihood method, among other key concepts and methods. Easy-to-read and designed to equip students with the skills to write programs for solving a range of biological problems, the book is accompanied by nuTrade Review'In my twenty years as a professor, I have never run across a textbook on bioinformatics algorithms that a biologist can read from cover to cover and understand. This is the one.' Pavel Pevzner, Ronald R. Taylor Distinguished Professor of Computer Science, University of California, San Diego'This is an awesome book for anyone to get into computing. It is easy to follow and clearly structured so the reader understands what they are learning and why. The book provides the fundamentals concepts of computational biology and bioinformatics in parallel to gaining actual skills in computing and the ability to write your own Python programs! What I love about the book is how the authors ensure the concepts and skills are applicable to a clear and defined biological problem. The authors help demystify the various topics and bring the reader to understand the algorithms behind the programming tools by applying these to resolve an actual biological problem. This book is also an excellent resource for those involved in training and education, and it provides plenty of exercise to use in the actual classroom.' Maria Victoria Schneider, The Genome Analysis Centre (TGAC), UK'There is a wide agreement that biological science curricula should change and that a better understanding of computational notions and practice is required, starting at undergraduate level. Only a handful of academic programs, and fewer textbooks, are offering such computational experience to life science students, beyond a general introductory programming course. Libeskind-Hadas and Bush take a novel, exciting approach to this challenge. They designed an introductory programming and computer science principles course, using Python, and built around a carefully selected suit of computational problems with a biological motivation. The book covers all basic notions and programming practices that are taught in standard CS introductory course, and even adds some advanced computational ideas. Most importantly, it will be far more friendly and relevant to the vast majority of life science students, who are likely to discover through it both the beauty of computer science and its relevance to their own discipline.' Benny Chor, Tel-Aviv University, IsraelTable of ContentsPreface; Meet python; Part I. Python versus Pathogens: 1. Computing GC content; 2. Pathogenicity islands; 3. Open reading frames and genes; 4. Finding genes (at last!); Part II. Sequence Alignment and Sex Determination: 5. Recursion; 6. The use-it-or-lose-it principle; 7. Dictionaries, memoization, and speed; 8. Sequence alignments and the evolution of sex chromosomes; Part III. Phylogenetic Reconstruction and the Origin of Modern Humans: 9. Representing and working with trees; 10. Drawing trees; 11. The UPGMA algorithm; Part IV. Additional Topics: 12. RNA secondary structure prediction; 13. Gene regulatory networks and the maximum likelihood method; 14. Birds, bees, and genetic algorithms; Where to go from here; Index.

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Book SynopsisVolume 143 discusses the main indications of prophylactic oophorectomy, as well as its risks, benefits and impacts on women''s quality of life. Additionally, the authors examine PEGylation, a chemical reaction that allows for the conjugation of a polyethylene-glycol group to another compound. Since the commercial release of adagen, the first approved PEGylated drug, PEGylation has proven to be a successful strategy for the generation of efficient drugs. Following this, this compilation analyses the morphological and functional disorders that may be induced by oxaliplatin. The authors present the possible side effects of this drug upon several organs, as well as the mechanisms that are activated by the nominated drug. The authors also summarise the processes that might be occurring in Werner syndrome cells during DNA replication that then lead to the genomic instability and replication stress and, ultimately, a p38a-induced premature senescence. The results of the authors'' studies combining the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and enteral sorption therapy are presented in the closing chapter to ameliorate common side effects of such potent and toxic anti-cancer alkylating agents, such as melphalan.

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Book SynopsisUnited States & German-American Relations Through German Eyes

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Book SynopsisThis outstanding book by one of Russia''s keenest observers of political life lays before the reader a panoply of images which form the current vapor state of Russia''s political world. Yet at the heart of this great nation is a rich tradition which dwarfs the political machinations of its leaders. This book is must reading for all those interested in Russia at the crossroads.

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Book SynopsisIn a fast-moving world, the necessity of making decisions, and preferably good ones, has become even more difficult. One reason is the variety and number of choices perhaps available which often are not presented or understood. Alternatives are often unclear and complex paths to them confusing and misleading. Thus the process of decision making itself requires analysis on an ongoing basis. Decision making is often made based on cultural factors whereas the best alternative might be quite different. The subject touches ethical aspects as well as psychological considerations. This book presents important research on the psychology of decision making related to law and law enforcement, health care and science.

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Book SynopsisThe increased presence of foreign students in graduate science and engineering programs and in the scientific workforce has been and continues to be of concern to some in the scientific community. Enrolment of U.S. citizens in graduate science and engineering programs has not kept pace with that of foreign students in those programs. In addition to the number of foreign students in graduate science and engineering programs, a significant number of university faculty in the scientific disciplines are foreign, and foreign doctorates are employed in large numbers by industry. Few will dispute that U.S. universities and industry have chosen foreign talent to fill many positions. Foreign scientists and engineers serve the needs of industry at the doctorate level and also have been found to serve in major roles at the masters level. However, there are charges that U.S. workers are adversely affected by the entry of foreign scientists and engineers, who reportedly accept lower wages than U.S. citizens would accept in order to enter or remain in the United States. NSF data reveal that in 2005, the foreign student population earned approximately 34.7% of the doctorate degrees in the sciences and approximately 63.1% of the doctorate degrees in engineering. In 2005, foreign students on temporary resident visas earned 30.8% of the doctorates in the sciences, and 58.6% of the doctorates in engineering. The participation rates in 2004 were 28.5% and 57.3%, respectively. In 2005, permanent resident status students earned 3.8% of the doctorates in the sciences and 4.5% of the doctorates in engineering, slightly above the 2004 levels of 3.7% and 4.2%, respectively. Many in the scientific community maintain that in order to compete with countries that are rapidly expanding their scientific and technological capabilities, the country needs to bring to the United States those whose skills will benefit society and will enable us to compete in the new-technology based global economy. The academic community is concerned that the more stringent visa requirements for foreign students may have a continued impact on enrolments in colleges and universities. There are those who believe that the underlying problem of foreign students in graduate science and engineering programs is not necessarily that there are too many foreign-born students, but that there are not enough native-born students pursuing scientific and technical disciplines.

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Book SynopsisBeginner-friendly text on discrete mathematics and graph theory. Covers topics like predicate logic, combinatorics, Boolean algebra, and graph theory concepts such as planarity and colouring. Includes problem-solving techniques and logical thinking skills.

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Book Synopsis

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