Materials / States of matter Books

Book SynopsisMaintaining a practical perspective, Electronic Transport Theories: From Weakly to Strongly Correlated Materials provides an integrative overview and comprehensive coverage of electronic transport with pedagogy in view. It covers traditional theories, such as the Boltzmann transport equation and the Kubo formula, along with recent theories of transport in strongly correlated materials. The understood case of electronic transport in metals is treated first, and then transport issues in strange metals are reviewed. Topics discussed are: the Drude-Lorentz theory; the traditional Bloch-Boltzmann theory and the Grüneisen formula; the Nyquist theorem and its formulation by Callen and Welton; the Kubo formalism; the Langevin equation approach; the Wölfle-Götze memory function formalism; the Kohn-Luttinger theory of transport; and some recent theories dealing with strange metals. This book is an invaluable resource for undergraduate students, post-graduate students, and researchers wTable of ContentsIntroduction and objective of the study. The traditional Boltzmann equation based approaches. Some techniques from nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. The Zwanzig-Mori-Gotze-Wolfle memory function formalism. The Kohn-Luttinger theory: Quantum mechanical basis of the Bloch-Boltzmann equation. Strange metals: A survey. Electronic transport theories from simple to strange metals: A summary. Supporting material and practice exercises.

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Book SynopsisSolid-state laser and luminescent materials activated by rare-earth or transition metals ions are widely used for solid-state lasers, luminescent lamps, flat displays, optical fibre communication systems, and other photonic devices. The unique solid-state electronic properties enable the activators in solids to emit photons efficiently in visible and IR regions. The rapid advances in both materials science and optoelectronics, particularly, the development of new methods of material synthesis and device fabrication, have been stimulating the growing interests in the deep insights of spectroscopic properties of solid-state laser and luminescent materials. This book brings together essential and practical knowledge of spectroscopic physics. This includes, atomic spectroscopy, mathematical theory, rare earth ions in materials, light emission and absorption, spectral properties, non-radiative transitions and energy migration.

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Book SynopsisThe applications of ionic liquids can be enormously expanded by arranging the organic ions in the form of a polymer architecture. Polymerized ionic liquids (PILs), also known as poly(ionic liquid)s or polymeric ionic liquids, provide almost all features of ionic polymers plus a rare versatility in design. The mechanical properties of the solid or solid-like polymers can also be controlled by external stimuli, the basis for designing smart materials. Known for over four decades, PILs are a member of the ionic polymers family. Although the previous forms of ionic polymers have a partial ionicity, PILs are entirely composed of ions. Therefore, they offer a better flexibility for designing a responsive architecture as smart materials. Despite the terminology, PILs can be synthesized from solid organic ionic salts since the monomer liquidity is not a requirement for the polymerization process. Ionicity can also be induced to a neutral polymer by post-polymerization treatments. This is indeed an emerging field whose capabilities have been somehow overshadowed by the popularity of ionic liquids. However, recent reports in the literature have shown impressive potentials for the future. Written by leading authors, the present book provides a comprehensive overview of this exciting area, discussing various aspects of PILs and their applications as smart materials. Owing to the novelty of this area of research, the book will appeal to a broad readership including students and researchers from materials science, polymer science, chemistry, and physics.Table of ContentsPolymerization of Ionic Liquids; Nanoporous Polymerized Ionic Liquids; Cationic and Anionic Polymerized Ionic Liquids; Switchable Hydrophobicity and Hydrophilicity; Switchable Polarity; Stimuli Responsive Smart Fluids Based on Ionic Liquids and Poly(ionic liquid)s; Thermoresponsive Poly(ionic liquid)s Prepared Via One-Step Crosslinking Copolymerization; Redox Active Immobilized Ionic Liquids and Polymer Ionic Liquids; Doping Polymers With Ionic Liquids to Manipulate Morphology and Membrane Gas Separation Properties; Ionic Liquids Modified Fluorine Polymers: From High Performance Anti-Static Materials to Flexible Dielectric Materials; Ionic Liquids as Tools in the Production of Smart Polymeric Hydrogels; Preparation of Functional Polysaccharide Ion Gels With Ionic Liquids; Transport Properties of Ionic Liquids and Polymeric Ionic Liquids; Wearable Energy Storage Based on Ionogels;

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Book SynopsisAmphiphilic polymer co-networks (APCNs) are a type of polymeric hydrogel, their hydrophobic polymer segments and hydrophilic components produce less aqueous swelling, giving better mechanical properties than conventional hydrogels. This new class of polymers is attracting increasing attention, resulting in further basic research on the system, as well as new applications. This book focuses on new developments in the field of APCNs, and is organised in four sections: synthesis, properties, applications and modelling. Co-network architectures included in the book chapters are mainly those deriving from hydrophobic macro-cross-linkers, representing the classical approach; however, more modern designs are also presented. Properties of interest discussed include aqueous swelling, thermophysical and mechanical properties, self-assembly, electrical actuation, and protein adsorption. Applications described in the book chapters include the use of co-networks as soft contact lenses, scaffolds for drug delivery and tissue engineering, matrices for heterogeneous biocatalysis, and membranes of controllable permeability. Finally, an important theory chapter on the modelling of the self-assembly of APCNs is also included. The book is suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in hydrogels, polymer networks, polymer chemistry, block copolymers, self-assembly and nanomaterials, as well as their applications in contact lenses, drug delivery, tissue engineering, membranes and biocatalysis.Trade ReviewThe invention of living anionic polymerization in 1956 stands as a landmark achievement in polymer science. The impact of this discovery was profound and was followed by the development of quasi-living carbocationic polymerization, group transfer polymerization and the various forms of controlled radical polymerization. Together, these methods enabled the facile synthesis and subsequent property characterization of a wide range of macromolecular architectures and block copolymers. An interesting class of well-defined polymers includes cross-linked segmented amphiphilic polymer co-networks (APCNs). These systems are based on hydrophilic copolymers which contain one or more hydrophobic segments that are able to micellize in an aqueous environment under the constraints of the cross-links. Contemporary silicone-based soft contact lenses represent the best-known application of APCNs with a large and growing market world-wide driven by superior performance based on the APCN structure. Unique features of APCN include microphase separation, a reduction in aqueous swelling and an enhancement of the mechanical properties when swollen in water. This novel interplay of structure, property and function forms the subject matter for this Royal Society of Chemistry book edited by Costas S. Patrickios entitled “Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks: Synthesis, Properties, Modelling and Applications”. I recommend this book to professionals working in polymers and materials science and engineering, but also to advanced undergraduates and graduate students in chemistry, chemical, biological or materials engineering who are looking for a firm grounding in polymer science. Long-awaited, this comprehensive text hosts contributions from 14 international collections of authors representing 12 countries with chapters grouped into the four sections, synthesis, properties, modelling and applications. -- Professor Craig Hawker, University of California * Personal Review *I recommend this book to professionals working in polymers and materials science and engineering, but also to advanced undergraduates and graduate students in chemistry, chemical, biological or materials engineering who are looking for a firm grounding in polymer science. -- Professor Craig J. Hawker, University of California * Personal Review *The book [Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks] is the first book integrating the most relevant information on the topic and is highly recommended for scientists and engineers interested in the development of new soft materials. -- Professor Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, Carnegie Mellon University * 10.1002/anie.202006776 *Overall, the book succeeds in highlighting many areas of interest and challenges in amphiphilic polymer co-networks, and it serves as a good starting point to chemists and chemical engineers interested in this field. -- Dr. Carlos Lopez and Professor Walter Richtering, RWTH Aachen University * Personal Review *The volume “Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks” edited by C. S. Patrickios and with a foreword by J. P. Kennedy provides an overview of the progress and developments in the field of APCN over the last decade. After a concise historical overview and outlook by the editor, the first section of the book reviews the work of three leading research groups on the synthesis and characterisation of APCNs. The next section covers various approaches for preparing APCNs, focusing on their physical properties. The types of networks discussed include micelle-crosslinked gels, double network gels and end-linked four-arm star gels, among others. A single chapter on modelling by F. Schmid gives a succinct overview of some theoretical aspects relevant to modelling APCNs, including the phase behaviour of block copolymer melts and those of randomly and regularly cross-linked networks. The fourth and last section of the book is dedicated to the various fields of application of APCNs. These include their uses as functional and smart membranes with, for example, temperature, light or pH sensitivity, and their applications in bio-catalysis in organic media. A short chapter by S. Diamanti gives a historical overview of the design and manufacture of contact lenses, where APCNs find their most widely employed application at present. Without directly addressing applications, G. G. Qiao and co-workers provide an extensive and highly readable overview of the challenges and opportunities for improving the mechanical properties of amphiphilic polymer co-networks, an issue that is perhaps the most pressing challenge to improving the performance of APCNs (and hydrogels in general). Several of the approaches reviewed are also treated individually in other chapters. While the scope of the volume is primarily experimental research, the chapter exclusively dedicated to modelling helps outline some of the theoretical concepts needed to understand the phase behaviour of APCNs. Relevant experimental techniques including small-angle scattering or force-extension measurements are touched upon throughout the book, providing the reader a short introduction to these methods. Likewise, important subjects such as controlled-release (a major application of APCNs) are dealt with in various chapters. Overall, the book succeeds in highlighting many areas of interest and challenges in amphiphilic polymer co-networks, and it serves as a good starting point to chemists and chemical engineers interested in this field. -- Dr. Carlos Lopez and Prof. Dr. Walter Richtering, RWTH Aachen University * Personal Review *Table of ContentsThirty Years of Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks; Poly(N-vinylimidazole)- based Nanostructured Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks; Designing Multi-component Biodegradable/Biocompatible Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks for Biomedical Applications; Cleavable Dimethacrylate-end-linked Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks Prepared Using Degradable, Hemiacetal Ester Group-containing Bifunctional Initiators; Structural Studies on PEO-b-PPO-based Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks; Structure and Physical Properties of Amphiphilic Polymer Co-network Hydrogels with Controlled Structures; Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks From Telechelic Macromonomers Using Thiol–Norbornene Chemistry; Bimodal Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks: Interfacial Phenomena and Applications; Ultra-stretchable and Multi-responsive Tough Hydrogels Crosslinked by Triblock Copolymer Micelles; Double-network Hydrogels Comprising an Ionic Amphiphilic Polymer First Co-network; Theoretical Approaches to Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks; Silicone Hydrogel Soft Contact Lenses: An Industrial Application of Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks; New Approaches Towards the Design of Tough Amphiphilic Polymeric Co-networks; Biocatalytically-active Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks; Functional Membranes Based on Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks

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Book SynopsisBicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels, now commonly termed ‘bijels’ are a class of soft materials, in which interpenetrating, continuous domains of two immiscible fluids are maintained in a rigid arrangement by a jammed layer of colloidal particles at their interface. Such gels have unusual material properties that promise exciting applications across diverse fields from energy materials and catalysis, to food science. This is the first book on the subject and provides the reader with a fundamental introduction to the field. Edited by Paul Clegg, a recognised authority on bijels, the reader will learn about the bijel and its formation. Starting with three component systems, the reader will be introduced to systems using only two liquids and colloidal particles before moving onto more complex systems with additional components. These systems are looked at via both experimental and simulation studies, explaining phase separation kinetics, structure formation, properties and functionalisation. A closing section on bijel production using flow explores thin film and bulk structure formation relevant to larger scale materials design. Bringing together current understanding this book aims to bring the potential application of bijels to diverse materials challenges closer to fruition. This is a must-have resource for anyone working in soft matter and applied fields. Foreword by Michael E. Cates, Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Bijels; Post-processing Bijels for Applications; Bicontinuous Interfacially Jammed Emulsions (Bijels) in Geometric Confinement; Polymer Blend Systems With an Added Solvent; Bijel Systems Based on the Phase Separation of Biological Macromolecules; Bijels Formed by Solvent Transfer-induced Phase Separation; The Effect of Nanoparticles on the Oil-Water Interfacial Tension in the Presence of Nonionic Surfactants; Efficient Processing Pathways to Create High Interface Materials; Bijels the Easy Way

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Book SynopsisCarbon nanostructures, namely fullerenes, single and multiwall carbon nanotubes, graphene as well as the most recent graphene quantum dots and carbon nanodots, have experienced a tremendous progress along the last two decades in terms of the knowledge acquired on their chemical and physical properties. These insights have enabled their increasing use in biomedical applications, from scaffolds to devices. Edited by renowned experts in the subject, this book collects and delineates the most notable advances within the growing field surrounding carbon nanostructures for biomedical purposes. Exploration ranges from fundamentals around classifications to toxicity, biocompatibility and the immune response. Modified nanocarbon-based materials and emergent classes, such as carbon dots and nanohorns are discussed, with chapters devoted from carriers for drug delivery and inhibitors of emergent viruses infection, to applications across imaging, biosensors, tissue scaffolding and biotechnology. The book will provide a valuable reference resource and will extensively benefit researchers and professionals working across the fields of chemistry, materials science, and biomedical and chemical engineering.Table of ContentsCarbon Nanostructures: Drug Delivery and Beyond; Carbon Nanomaterials as Carriers of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs; Multivalent Glycosylated Carbon Nanostructures: Efficient Inhibitors of Emergent Viruses Infection; Carbon Nanostructures and Polysaccharides for Biomedical Materials; Biological Applications of Magnetically Empowered Carbon Nanotubes; Carbon Nanomaterials for Neuronal Tissue Engineering; Carbon Nanotubes for Cardiac Applications; Nanodiamonds and their Biological Applications; Carbon Nanomaterials for the Development of Biosensors for Microbe Detection and Diagnosis; Biotechnology Applications of Nanocarbons in Plant and Algal Systems

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Book SynopsisResearch and new tools in biomaterials development by using peptides are currently growing, as more functional and versatile building blocks are used to design a host of functional biomaterials via chemical modifications for health care applications. It is a field that is attracting researchers from across soft matter science, molecular engineering and biomaterials science. Covering the fundamental concepts of self-assembly, design and synthesis of peptides, this book will provide a solid introduction to the field for those interested in developing functional biomaterials by using peptide derivatives. The bioactive nature of the peptides and their physical properties are discussed in various applications in biomedicine. This book will help researchers and students working in biomaterials and biomedicine fields and help their understanding of modulating biological processes for disease diagnosis and treatments.Table of ContentsDesign and Synthesis of Peptides for Developing Biomaterials; Characterization of Peptides and Their Assemblies; Peptide Engineering Strategies; Designing Enzyme Responsive Biomaterials; Peptide Self-Assembly Applied to Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reactions; The use of D-amino acids for peptide self-assembled systems; Amyloid-like Peptide Aggregates; Regenerative Medicine Applications of Peptide Hydrogels; Drug Delivery Applications of Peptide Materials; Glycosylated Peptide Materials; Ultrashort Tetrameric Peptide Nanogels Support Tissue Graft Formation, Wound Healing and 3D Bioprinting; Self-assembled Peptide Nanostructures for Antibacterial Applications; Peptide-Based Biomaterials for Repair and Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disc; New Functions Emerging from Peptide-DNA Materials

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Book SynopsisDroplet microfluidics offers tremendous potential as an enabling technology for high-throughput screening. It promises to yield novel techniques for personalised medicine, drug discovery, disease diagnosis, establishing chemical libraries, and the discovery of new materials. Despite the enormous potential to contribute to a broad range of applications, the expected adoption has not yet been seen, partly due to the interdisciplinary nature and the fact that, up until now, information has been scattered across the literature. This book goes a long way to addressing these issues. Edited by two leaders, this book has drawn together expertise from around the globe to form a unified, cohesive resource for the droplet microfluidics community. Starting with the basic theory of droplet microfluidics before introducing its use as a tool, the reader will be treated to chapters on important techniques, including robust passive and active droplet manipulations and applications such as single cell analysis, which is key for drug discovery. This book is a go-to resource for the community yearning to adopt and promote droplet microfluidics into different applications and will interest researchers and practitioners working across chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, micro- and nano-technology, and engineering.Table of ContentsHistory and Current Status of Droplet Microfluidics; Fundamentals; Technological Development - Droplet as a Tool; Droplet Gene Analysis - Digital PCR; Microfluidic Applications in Single-cell Genomic, Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis; Drop-Screen for Biological Functional Assay; Application in Single Cell Functional Analysis; Droplet Microfluidics: Applications in Synthetic Biology; Tissue Engineering and Analysis in Droplet Microfluidics; Emulsion Drops as Templates for the Fabrication of Microparticles and Capsules; Challenges and Opportunities - Future Directions

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Book SynopsisCoffee rings, paint drying, blood splatter are all examples of complex fluids drying. Understanding the phenomena of complex fluid drops with respect to drying is important for technology and a lot of research in academia and industry is poured into this topic. This book addresses this industrially important area and provides a thorough grounding to the field. Addressing the fundamental underpinnings of wetting, spreading and drying, the book then takes the reader through key applications grouped into themes, including colloidal droplets (used in printing) and biological (e.g. bloodstain analysis for forensics). With a section on modelling and simulation to balance experiment with computational tools, this book will appeal to anyone working in complex fluids across classical fluid mechanics, soft matter, and chemical, biological and mechanical engineeringTable of ContentsSpreading of Complex Fluids Drops; Wetting and Contact Line Motion; Evaporation of Ternary Sessile Drops; Mathematical Models for the Evaporation of Sessile Droplets; Deposition Control of Inkjet-printed Drops; Spreading and Evaporation of Surfactant Drops; Ink and Microelectronic Printing; Drying of Complex Dairy Fluids; Drying of Human Blood Drops; Drying Processes in the Formation of Bloodstains at Crime Scenes; Evaporation and Precipitation Dynamics of a Respiratory Droplet; Spreading and Drying of Drops and Art; Nanofluid Droplets Drying on Structured Surfaces and Evaporative Self-assembly

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Book SynopsisEnergy storage material is a hot topic in material science and chemistry. During the past decade, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has emerged as a powerful tool to aid understanding of the working and failing mechanisms of energy storage materials and devices. The aim of this book is to introduce the use of NMR methods for investigating electrochemical storage materials and devices. Presenting a comprehensive overview of NMR spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on energy storage materials, the book will include the theory of paramagnetic interactions and relevant calculation methods, a number of specific NMR approaches developed in the past decade for battery materials (e.g. in situ, ex situ NMR, MRI, DNP, 2D NMR, NMR dynamics) and case studies on a variety of related materials. Helping both NMR spectroscopists entering the field of batteries and battery specialists seeking diagnostic methods for material and device degradation, it is written by leading authorities from international research groups in this field.Table of ContentsNMR Principles of Paramagnetic Materials; The Methodology of Electrochemical In Situ NMR and MRI; Dealing with Quadrupolar Nuclei in Paramagnetic Systems; Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation Enhanced NMR; Oxide-based Cathode Materials for Li-and Na-ion Batteries; NMR Studies on Polyanion-type Cathode Materials for LIBs/NIBs; Intercalation and Alloying Anode Materials for Rechargeable Li/Na Batteries; Electrolyte Evolution and SEI Interfaces; NMR Studies of Oxide-type Solid State Electrolytes in All Solid State Batteries; Organic and Organic–Inorganic Composite Solid Electrolytes; Sulfide-based Electrolytes in Solid State Batteries; NMR Characterization of Super-capacitors; Characterising Non-aqueous Metal–Air Batteries Using NMR Spectroscopy; Electrocatalyst and Electrode Reactions in Fuel Cells; Surface Structures and Their Reactions in Transition Metal Oxides; In Situ NMR Techniques for Li-ion Batteries; Stray Field Imaging for High Resolution In Situ Analysis of Lithium-ion Batteries

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Book SynopsisThis volume brings together internationally leading researchers in this interdisciplinary field to explore and exchange ideas, both experimental and theoretical, to further our understanding of the fundamental properties of water at interfaces.

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Book SynopsisMaterials have the potential to be the centrepiece for the transition to viable renewable energy technologies if they realise a specific suite of properties and achieve a desired set of performance metrics. The envisioned transition involves the discovery of materials that enable generation, conversion, storage, transmission, and utilization of renewable energy. This book presents, through the eye of materials chemistry, an umbrella view of the myriad of classes of materials that make renewable energy technologies work. They are poised to facilitate the transition of non-renewable and unsustainable energy systems of the past into renewable and sustainable energy systems of the future. It is a story that often begins in chemistry laboratories with the discovery of new energy materials. Yet, to displace materials in existing energy technologies with new ones, depends not only on the ability to design and engineer a superior set of performance metrics for the material and the technology but also the requirement to meet a demanding collection of economic, regulatory, social, policy, environmental and sustainability criteria. Disruption in the traditional way of discovering materials is coming with the emergence of artificial intelligence, machine learning and robotic automation designed to accelerate the well-established discovery process, massive libraries of materials can be evaluated and the possibilities are endless. This book provides a perspective on the application of these new technologies to this field as well as an overview of energy materials discovery in the broader techno-economic and social context. Any budding researcher or more experienced materials scientist will find a guide to a fascinating story of discovery and emerge with a vision of what is next.Table of ContentsEnergy Makes the World Go Around; How Does a Materials Chemist Think?; Energy Conversion Materials, Parts I & II; Energy Conversion Materials, Part III; Energy Conversion Materials, Part IV; Energy Storage Materials, Part I; Energy Storage Materials, Part II; Energy Storage Materials, Part III; Human–Machine Interface; Towards the Future

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Book SynopsisUltrafast science has long been limited to the investigation of molecular processes. Over the past 10 years investigation of ultrafast processes has expanded to material science, including aspects relevant to the solid-state such as excitation of electrons in band structures and collective phonon excitation. Specific probes for electronic and structural reorganization, such as X-ray diffraction and ARPES, have been advanced. Furthermore, experimental techniques including XFEL science, THz science and various pump–probe methods, as well as the theoretical understanding of ultrafast, out-of-equilibrium and multiscale processes driven by light or THz excitation, have seen rapid development. This volume brings together a complementarity of internationally-leading experimental material scientists and theoreticians in this field to explore and exchange their ideas about the key aspects of ultrafast science, designing new ways to control materials and understanding transformation processes. The topics covered include: Material science: ultrafast transformation, electron-phonon coupling, multi-scale aspects Theory of out of equilibrium light-induced phenomena Optical excitation processes THz and laser field excitation processes Table of ContentsMaterial science: ultrafast transformation, electron-phonon coupling, multi-scale aspects;Theory of out of equilibrium light-induced phenomena;Optical excitation processes;THz and laser field excitation processes

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the first systematic discourse on a very peculiar approach to the theory of strongly correlated systems. Hubbard X-operators have been known for a long time but have not been widely used because of their awkward algebra. The book shows that it is possible to deal with X-operators even in the general multilevel local eigenstate system, and not just in the case of the nondegenerate Hubbard model. X-operators provide the natural language for describing quasiparticles in the Hubbard subbands with unusual doping and temperature-dependent band structures.The X-operator diagram technique is presented in detail, so that a newcomer with knowledge of the usual Fermi/Bose operator diagram technique can use the former after reading the book.Examples are taken from the theory of high-Tc superconductivity, rare-earth compounds with strong magnetic anisotropy and quantum oscillations in strongly correlated systems.Trade Review"This well-written book gives a systematic description of effective mathematical tools in the theory of strongly correlated electrons, based upon the use of the Hubbard operators." Mathematical ReviewsTable of ContentsHubbard Model as the Simplest Model of Strong Electron Correlation; Multielectron Models in X-Operators Representation; General Approach to the Quasiparticle Description of Strongly Correlated Systems; Unitary Transformations Method in Atomic Representation; Diagram Technique in the X-Operators Representation; Spectral Properties of the Anisotropic Metallic Ferromagnets; Peculiarities of the de Haas-van Alphen Effect in Strongly Correlated Systems with Magnetic Polaron States; The Electronic Structure of Copper Oxides in the Multiorbital p-d Model

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the essential ideas of coherent states and provides researchers and graduate students with the necessary tools for various applications of generalized coherent state theory. These applications include areas such as quantum information, quantum phase transitions, quantum many-body systems, quantum chaos, and quantum open systems. The aim of the book is to show how coherent states can be applied to an extensive range of physical systems. The authors provide many exercises at the end of each chapter to enhance the mastery of the subject. Throughout the first seven chapters, only an understanding of elementary quantum mechanics is assumed, and for the last six chapters, some basic knowledge of group theory is requested to follow the arguments. Table of ContentsChapter 1. IntroductionChapter 2. Coherent States of Harmonic Oscillator 1. Schrodinger’s wavepacket 2. Glauber’s coherent state 3. Mathematical properties 4. The uncertainty relation Exercises Chapter 3. Schrodinger’s Cat States 1. EPR paradox, cat states and entanglement 2. Experimental realization 3. Application to quantum information Exercises Chapter 4. Coherent State of Fermions 1. Graßmann algebra 2. Coherent state of Fermions Exercises Chapter 5. Coherent State Path Integrals 1. Path integral formalism 2. Coherent state path integral 3. Functional quantum field theory Exercises Chapter 6. Spin Coherent States 1. Spin coherent state in quantum optics 2. Qubit state and quantum coherence 3. Geometric phases for spin coherent states 4. Experimental realization 5. Spin cat states Exercises Chapter 7. Squeezed Coherent States 1. Squeezed vacuum states 2. Squeezed coherent states in quantum optics 3. Uncertainty relations 4. Detection of gravitational waves5. Continuous variable quantum information6. Spin squeezed statesExercises Chapter 8. Examples of Coherent States beyond SU(2) 5. SU(1,1) coherent states 6. SU(3) coherent states Exercises Chapter 9. Lie Group Generalizations of Coherent States 1. Lie group and Lie algebra 2. Generalized coherent states 3. General properties of coherent states Exercises Chapter 10. Many-Body Systems 1. Mean-field approach with coherent states 2. Bogoliubov transformation 3. Many-body quantum entanglement 4. Topological phases of matter Chapter 11. Statistical Mechanics 1. Lieb inequality and large N limit 2. Coherent state representation of partition function 3. Quantum phase transitions Chapter 12. Open Quantum Systems 7. Open quantum systems 8. Exact master equations 9. Non-equilibrium dynamics 10. Quantum thermodynamics Bibliography

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Phases of Matter and their Transitions An all-in-one, comprehensive take on matter and its phase properties In Phases of Matter and their Transitions, accomplished materials scientist Dr. Gijsbertus de With delivers an accessible textbook for advanced students in the molecular sciences. It offers a balanced and self-contained treatment of the thermodynamic and structural aspects of phases and the transitions between them, covering solids, liquids, gases, and their interfaces. The book lays the groundwork to describe particles and their interactions from the perspective of classical and quantum mechanics and compares phenomenological and statistical thermodynamics. It also examines materials with special properties, like glasses, liquid crystals, and ferroelectrics. The author has included an extensive appendix with a guide to the mathematics and theoretical models employed in this resource. Readers will also find: Thorough introductions to classical and quantum mechanics, intermolecular interactions, and continuum mechanics Comprehensive explorations of thermodynamics, gases, liquids, and solids Practical discussions of surfaces, including their general aspects for solids and liquids Fulsome treatments of discontinuous and continuous transitions, including discussions of irreversibility and the return to equilibrium Perfect for advanced students in chemistry and physics, Phases of Matter and their Transitions will also earn a place in the libraries of students of materials science.

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Book SynopsisThe book also features chapters and detailed explanations on Electric Current in Conductors, Thermal and Chemical effects of Electric Current, and Magnetic Field.

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Book SynopsisThis volume is the second edition of the first-ever elementary book on the Langevin equation method for the solution of problems involving the Brownian motion in a potential, with emphasis on modern applications in the natural sciences, electrical engineering and so on. It has been substantially enlarged to cover in a succinct manner a number of new topics, such as anomalous diffusion, continuous time random walks, stochastic resonance etc, which are of major current interest in view of the large number of disparate physical systems exhibiting these phenomena. The book has been written in such a way that all the material should be accessible to an advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate student. It draws together, in a coherent fashion, a variety of results which have hitherto been available only in the form of research papers or scattered review articles.Trade Review"This enlarged and updated second edition of the book: 'The Langevin equation' presents an extremely useful source for the practitioners of stochastic processes and its applications to physics, chemistry, engineering and biological physics, both for the experts and the beginners. It gives a valuable survey of solvable paradigms that rule many diverse stochastic phenomena. As such, it belongs onto the desk of all engaged in doing research and teaching in this area."Peter HanggiUniversity of Augsburg"... this enlarged and updated second edition constitutes an excellent and quite useful contribution to this important subject of relevance in physics, chemistry and several branches of engineering."Mathematical Reviews"This is a timely update of the theory and applications of the Langevin equation, which skillfully combines the elementary approaches with most recent developments such as anomalous diffusion and fractional kinetics. Both experts and beginners will benefit from this well-written textbook."J KlafterHeinemann Chair of Physical ChemistryTel Aviv University"This book has been written in such a way that all the materials should be accessible to an advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate student. It draws together, in a coherent fashion, a variety of results which have hitherto been available only in the form of research papers or scattered review articles."Zentralblatt MATHTable of ContentsHistorical Background and Introductory Concepts; Langevin Equations and Methods of Solution; Matrix Continued Fraction Method for the Solution of Langevin and Fokker-Planck Equations; Linear and Nonlinear Response Theory; Brownian Motion of a Free Particle and a Harmonic Oscillator; One-Dimensional Rotational Brownian Motion in a Potential; Brownian Motion in a Tilted Cosine Potential: Application to the Josephson Tunnelling Junction; Rotational Brownian Motion in an External Potential with Applications to Dielectric and Magnetic Relaxation; Non-Axially Symmetric Problems in Rotational Brownian Motion: Applications to the Theory of Superparamagnetism; Inertial Langevin Equations: Application to Orientational Relaxation in Liquids; Itinerant Oscillator Model; Anomalous Diffusion; Methods for the Solution of Fractional Fokker-Planck Equations.

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Book SynopsisA new class of insulating solids was recently discovered. When irradiated by a few visible photons, these solids give rise to a macroscopic excited domain that has new structural and electronic orders quite different from the starting ground state. This occurrence is called “photoinduced phase transition”, and this multi-authored book reviews recent theoretical and experimental studies of this new phenomenon.Why and how do photoexcited few electrons finally result in an excited domain with a macroscopic size? How is the resultant photoinduced phase different from the ordinary thermal-induced phase? This review volume answers those essential questions.This book has been selected for coverage in:• CC / Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences• Index to Scientific Book Contents® (ISBC)Table of ContentsTheories for Photoinduced Structural Phase Transitions and Their Dynamics (K Nasu); Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of the Dynamics of Photoinduced Ionic-to-Neutral Phase Transition in Tetrathiafulvalen-p-Chloranil Crystals (K Tanimura); Study on the Cooperative Photoinduced Low-Spin State Conversion Processes (O Sakai & T Ogawa); Femtosecond Dynamics of the Photoinduced Lattice Rearrangements in Quasi-One-Dimensional Halogen-Bridged Platinum Complexes (T Suemoto et al.); Monte Carlo Simulations on Ising-Like Models for Photoinduced Phase Transitions (T Kawamoto & S Abe); Photoinduced Phase Transitions in One-Dimensional Correlated Electron Transition (H Okamoto et al.); Probing Photoinduced Phase Transitions by Fast or Ultra-Fast Time-Resolved X-Ray Diffraction (H Cailleau et al.)

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Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is to acquaint the reader with what the author regards as the most basic characteristics of quasicrystals — structure, formation and stability, properties — in relationship with the applications of quasicrystalline materials.Quasicrystals are fascinating substances that form a family of specific structures with strange physical and mechanical properties as compared to those of metallic alloys. This, on the one hand, is stimulating intensive research to understand the most basic properties of quasicrystals in the frame of a generalized crystallography. On the other hand, these properties open the way to technological applications, demonstrated or potential, mostly regarding energy savings.This valuable book discusses those various facets of quasicrystals in five chapters, ending with the author's own interpretation of the properties with respect to their unique structure.Table of ContentsThe Golden Mean and the Kitchen; What to Know to Start With; Strange Physical Properties; When Atoms Move Away; Preparation and Mass Production; The Rise of a Dream.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a unique and comprehensive collection of pioneering contributions to the mechanics of crystals by J L Ericksen, a prominent and leading contributor to the study of the mechanics and mathematics of crystalline solids over the past 35 years.It presents a splendid corpus of research papers that cover areas on crystal symmetry, constitutive equations, defects and phase transitions — all topics of current importance to a broad group of workers in the field.The volume thus provides in one place material that is frequently referenced by numerous researchers on crystals across a spectrum of activities in areas of continuum mechanics, applied mathematics, engineering and materials science.Each group of papers or chapters in the book is preceded by a summary introduction that describes how the papers on that topic fit together, and in which Ericksen sketches the context of each paper and shares with the reader his thinking and insightfulness in writing it. The volume, edited by internationally renowned scholars whose works in finite elasticity and continuum mechanics have appeared in a variety of books and prestigious journals published over the past four decades, also includes a very interesting brief autobiography by Ericksen. In it he describes his early life in Oregon, his wartime experiences, his student days and postgraduate study, his introduction to scientific work, and what motivated him in his research. An English translation and revision of the first paper in this volume, originally published in Russian, appears here for the first time.Table of ContentsCrystal Symmetry; Constitutive Theory; Defects; Phase Transitions.

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Book SynopsisThis book begins by introducing the effective field approach, the simplest approach to phase transitions. It provides an intuitive approximation to the physics of such diverse phenomena as liquid-vapor transitions, ferromagnetism, superconductivity, order-disorder in alloys, ferroelectricity, superfluidity and ferroelasticity. The connection between the effective field approach and Landau's theory is stressed.The main coverage is devoted to specific applications of the effective field concept to ferroelectric systems, both hydrogen bonded ferroelectrics, like those in the TGS family, and oxide ferroelectrics, like pure and mixed perovskites.Table of ContentsMean Field Approach to Cooperative Phenomena; Some Applications to Ferroelectrics: 1970-1991; Some Applications to Ferroelectrics: 1991-1997; Some Applications to Ferroelectrics: 1998-2005.

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