Materials / States of matter Books

Book SynopsisAs an introductory account of the theory of phase transitions and critical phenomena, this book reflects lectures given by the authors to graduate students at their departments and is thus classroom-tested to help beginners enter the field. Most parts are written as self-contained units and every new concept or calculation is explained in detail without assuming prior knowledge of the subject. The book significantly enhances and revises a Japanese version which is a bestseller in the Japenese market and is considered a standard textbook in the field. It contains new pedagogical presentations of field theory methods, including a chapter on conformal field theory, and various modern developments hard to find in a single textbook on phase transitions. Exercises are presented as the topics develop, with solutions found at the end of the book, making the usefil for self-teaching, as well as for classroom learning.Trade Review'The strengths of this book are the quality and experience of Nishimori and Ortiz as researchers and teachers. They know well how to explain physical theories and formalisms, and their writings have a very low threshold for the interested and mathematically inclined reader. The book has a very nice selection of topics, ranging from the basics in the theory of classical spin systems, via renormalization group theory and conformal field theory, to duality arguments and disordered systems. Above all, the authors have succeeded brilliantly in conveying the elegance of this particular field of mathematical physics.' * Anthony Coolen, King's College London, UK *"I am convinced that this book will be extremely useful to students. It proposes a rather broad choice of topics, which have been wisely selected. It covers the standard theory of phase transitions without entering too much into the field theoretic technicalities, but insisting on precise examples (like the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition), and conceptual issues. I think that this book is likely to be a very valuable one, the kind of book that will immediately become a classic book, necessary to any graduate student willing to have a good knowledge in statistical physics." * Marc Mézard, Université de Paris Sud, Orsay, France *"This book gives a comprehensive and readable introduction to the most important aspects of the modern theory of critical phenomena. After a thorough discussion of the basic approaches of mean field theory and the renormalization group, more advanced topics, such as conformal field theory and spin glasses, are discussed to a level from which the reader can proceed to more advanced texts. The subject matter is well illustrated by examples and exercises, which makes this an ideal graduate text as well as useful background material for the more casual reader." * John Cardy FRS, University of Oxford, UK *"signigcantly enhances and revises a Japanese version which is a bestseller in the Japanese market and is considered a standard textbook in the field." * Artem Sapozhnikov, Zentralblatt Math *"It is a pleasure to read this book. One can see on almost every page that many years of teaching experience helped the authors during its preparation. The language is beautiful and clear, the figures have a good quality, and the manuscript has been typeset with great care...I warmly recommend the book to anyonw with an interest in the theory of phase transitions and critical phenomena." * Contemporary Physics *Table of Contents1. Phase transitions and critical phenomena ; 2. Mean-field theories ; 3. Renormalization group and scaling ; 4. Implementation of the renormalization group ; 5. Field theory ; 6. Conformal field theory ; 7. Kosterlitz-Thouless transition ; 8. Random systems ; 9. Exact solutions and related topics ; 10. Duality ; 11. Numerical methods ; Appendix: Solutions to exercises

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Book SynopsisWhat is matter? Matter is the stuff from which we and all the things in the world are made. Everything around us, from desks, to books, to our own bodies are made of atoms, which are small enough that a million of them can fit across the breadth of a human hair. Inside every atom is a tiny nucleus and orbiting the nucleus is a cloud of electrons. The nucleus is made out of protons and neutrons, and by zooming in further you would find that inside each there are even smaller particles, quarks. Together with electrons, the quarks are the smallest particles that have been seen, and are the indivisible fundamental particles of nature that have existed since the Big Bang, almost 14 billion years ago. The 92 different chemical elements that all normal matter is made from were forged billions of years ago in the Big Bang, inside stars, and in violent stellar explosions. This Very Short Introduction takes us on a journey from the human scale of matter in the familiar everyday forms of solids, liquids, and gases to plasmas, exotic forms of quantum matter, and antimatter. On the largest scales matter is sculpted by gravity into planets, stars, galaxies, and vast clusters of galaxies. All the matter that that we normally encounter however constitutes only 5% of the matter that exists. The remaining 95% comes in two mysterious forms: dark matter, and dark energy. Dark matter is necessary to stop the galaxies from flying apart, and dark energy is needed to explain the observed acceleration of the expansion of the universe. Geoff Cottrell explores the latest research into matter, and shows that there is still a lot we don''t know about the stuff our universe is made of.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1: What is matter? 2: Atoms 3: Forms of matter 4: Energy, mass, and light 5: The quantum world of the atom 6: Quantum matter 7: The smallest particles 8: The origin of the elements 9: Dark matter and dark energy Further reading Index

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an expert perspective and a unique insight into the essence of the science of materials, introducing the reader to ten fundamental concepts underpinning the subject. It is suitable for undergraduate and pre-university students of physics, chemistry and mathematics.Trade ReviewThere is no doubt that the intellectual quality of this book is extremely high. This is a book written by a materials scientist at the top of their game - one who has taught the subject as well being a world expert. This is distilled wisdom. * Mark Miodownik, University College London *This is a nicely written book. Great care has been taken to be economical with words, while giving clear explanations using accessible examples. This book appears to be a concise summary of the thinking of the author over several decades of teaching and research in the field. * Andrew Horsfield, Imperial College London *Sutton has succeeded in collecting the principal concepts of materials science into a short book. The content is accessible to students in the physical sciences and is elegantly presented. Sutton's goal to present things in the simplest form does not compromise rigor. * W. Craig Carter, Massachusetts Institute of Technology *Table of Contents1: When is a Material Stable? 2: Phase Diagrams 3: Restless Motion 4: Defects 5: Symmetry 6: Quantum Behaviour 7: Small is Different 8: Collective Behaviour 9: Materials by Design 10: Metamaterials 11: Biological Matter as a Material

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Book SynopsisClassical and Quantum Parametric Phenomena provides an overview of the phenomena arising when parametric pumping is applied to oscillators. These phenomena include parametric amplification, noise squeezing, spontaneous symmetry breaking, activated switching, cat states, and synthetic Ising spin lattices. To understand these effects, topics such as nonlinear and stochastic dynamics, coupled systems, and quantum mechanics are introduced. Throughout the book, introductions are kept as succinct as possible and attention is focused on understanding parametric oscillators. As a result, the text helps readers to familiarize themselves with many aspects of parametric systems and understand the common theoretical origin of nanomechanical sensors, optical amplifiers, and superconducting qubits.Parametric phenomena have enabled important scientific breakthroughs over the last decades and are still at the focus of intense research efforts. This book provides a resource for experimental and theoretTrade ReviewIt is a good time to publish this book because the importance of parametric resonators is again growing reflecting the various practical applications. The included Python code is very nice and useful for the students who start to learn the detailed physics behind the theory. * Hiroshi Yamaguchi, NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Kanagawa *The book is timely and will be appreciated by physicists working in different areas from condensed matter physics to quantum information, as well as people working in mechanical and electrical engineering. It will be used not only as a textbook, but also as a reference. * Mark Dykman, Michigan State University *A fantastic addition to the literature. * Guillermo Villanueva, EPF Lausanne *The book contains a cogent discussion of the different subjects in the context of exercises based on numerical Python codes; this will be especially useful for self-teaching. * Christian Brosseau, Optica Fellow and Professor of Physics, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France *Table of ContentsIntroduction 0.1: Historical Review 0.2: Present and Future 1 The Harmonic Resonator 1.1: Newton's Equation of Motion 1.2: Response of the Driven Resonator 1.3: Matrix Formulation 1.4: Parametric Modulation 1.5: Floquet Theory 1.6: Summary of Chapter 1 1.7: Exercises for Chapter 1 2 The Duffing Resonator 2.1: The Quartic Potential 2.2: The Cubic Potential 2.3: Summary of Chapter 2 2.4: Exercises for Chapter 2 3 Degenerate Parametric Pumping 3.1: The Nonlinear Parametric Resonator 3.2: Parametric Pumping via Three-Wave Mixing 3.3: Summary of Chapter 3 3.4: Exercises for Chapter 3 4 Dissipation and Force Fluctuations 4.1: The Role of Force Noise 4.2: The Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem 4.3: The Probability Distribution Approach 4.4: Summary of Chapter 4 4.5: Exercises for Chapter 4 5 Parametric Resonators with Force Noise 5.1: Multistability and Quasi-Stable Solutions 5.2: Parametric Amplification Below Threshold 5.3: Parametric Pumping Above Threshold 5.4: Hierarchy of Relevant Timescales 5.5: Summary of Chapter 5 5.6: Exercises for Chapter 5 6 Coupled Harmonic Resonators 6.1: Static Coupling 6.2: Nondegenerate Three-Wave Mixing 6.3: Alternative Types of Coupling 6.4: Summary of Chapter 6 6.5: Exercises for Chapter 6 7 Coupled Parametric Oscillators 7.1: Equations for N Coupled Parametric Oscillators 7.2: Examples for N = 2 7.3: Networks with N > 2 7.4: Summary of Chapter 7 7.5: Exercises for Chapter 7 8 The Quantum Harmonic Oscillator 8.1: From Classical to Quantum Fluctuations 8.2: From First to Second Quantization 8.3: Quantum State Representations 8.4: Summary of Chapter 8 8.5: Exercises for Chapter 8 9 From Closed to Open Quantum Systems 9.1: Coupling to a Thermal Environment 9.2: The Driven Quantum Resonator 9.3: Summary of Chapter 9 9.4: Exercises for Chapter 9 10 The Quantum Parametric Oscillator 10.1: General Hamiltonian 10.2: Quantum Parametric Phenomena 10.3: Coupled Quantum Parametric Oscillators 10.4: Summary of Chapter 10 10.5: Exercises for Chapter 10 11 Experimental Systems 11.1: Mechanical Resonator Example 11.2: Electrical Resonator Example 11.3: Optical Resonator Example 11.4: Rescaling of the Numerical Values 11.5: Summary of Chapter 11 11.6: Exercises for Chapter 11 List of Important Symbols

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Book SynopsisThis revised second edition of a popular handbook for engineers describes the important relationship between high-energy radiation environments, electronic device physics and materials. It is a straightforward account of the problems which arise when high-energy radiation bombards matter and of engineering methods for solving those problems.Radiation effects are a problem encountered in the use of highly engineered materials such as semiconductors, optics and polymers. The finely-tuned properties of these materials may change drastically when exposed to a radiation environment such as a beam of X-rays or electrons, the space environment or the ''hadrons'' in CERN''s new collider. All of these environments and several more are described. At the core of this book is a discussion of the impact of these environments on the devices used in computing, data processing and communication.While unashamedly oriented to the engineer-designer and manager, with descriptions in a highly readable form, there is no compromise in physical accuracy when describing high-energy radiation and the effects it produces, such as electronic failure, coloration and the decay of strength. A great breadth of technical data, such as may be needed to make quick decisions, is presented with literature references and a compendium of web-sites which have been tested and used by the authors.Trade Review... contains a lot of valuable material and is not only a handbook, but also an excellent textbook. * CERN Courier *... enriched with many references to useful websites, including databases. * CERN Courier *The book establishes both Holmes-Siedle and Adams as two of the most fertile and fruitful research scholars working in the field of radiation environments. * Current Engineering Practice *Holmes-Siedle and Adams' engrossing handbook is probably the most readable, ambitious and intelligent work on radiation effects yet published, that also stands out as a comprehensive guide to the literature, both printed and on-line. At the same time, it is technically accurate but accessible to practitioners as well as researchers ... a most commendable book. * Current Engineering Practice *Table of Contents1. Radiation, physics and measurement ; 2. Radiation environments (including human risks from the terrestrial environment) ; 3. Response of materials and devices to radiation ; 4. Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices ; 5. Bipolar transistors and integrated circuits ; 6. Diodes, solar cells, optoelectronics ; 7. Power semiconductors ; 8. Optical media ; 9. Microelectronics, sensors, MEMs, passives, and other components ; 10. Polymers and other organics ; 11. The interaction of radiation with shielding materials ; 12. Computer methods for particle transport ; 13. Radiation testing ; 14. Radiation-hardening of semiconductor parts ; 15. Equipment hardening and hardness assurance ; APPENDICES ; A. Useful general and geophysical data ; B. Radiation quantities ; C. Useful data on materials used in electronic equipment ; D. Bibliography of dosimeter research ; E. Dose-depth curves for typical Earth orbits, calculated by ESA's Space Environment Information System (SPENVIS) software ; F. Degradation in polymers in ionizing radiation ; G. Useful websites

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Book SynopsisThe book is an introduction to quantum field theory applied to condensed matter physics. The topics cover modern applications in electron systems and electronic properties of mesoscopic systems and nanosystems. The textbook is developed for a graduate or advanced undergraduate course with exercises which aim at giving students the ability to confront real problems.Trade Review... well-designed for its target audience, [...] a well-written manuscript with a good selection of topics. * Derek Lee, Imperial College London *Table of Contents1. First and second quantization ; 2. The electron gas ; 3. Phonons: coupling to electrons ; 4. Mean field theory ; 5. Time evolution pictures ; 6. Linear response theory ; 7. Transport in mesoscopic systems ; 8. Green's functions ; 9. Equation of motion theory ; 10. Transport in interacting mesoscopic systems ; 11. Imaginary time Green's functions ; 12. Feynman diagrams and external potentials ; 13. Feynman diagrams and pair interactions ; 14. The interacting electron gas ; 15. Fermi liquid theory ; 16. Impurity scattering and conductivity ; 17. Green's functions and phonons ; 18. Superconductivity ; 19. 1D electron gases and Luttinger liquids ; A. Fourier transformations ; B. Exercises ; C. Index

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Book SynopsisAtomic force microscopy (AFM) is an amazing technique that allies a versatile methodology (that allows measurement of samples in liquid, vacuum or air) to imaging with unprecedented resolution. But it goes one step further than conventional microscopic techniques; it allows us to make measurements of magnetic, electrical or mechanical properties of the widest possible range of samples, with nanometre resolution.This book will demystify AFM for the reader, making it easy to understand, and to use. It is written by authors who together have more than 30 years experience in the design, construction, and use of AFMs and will explain why the microscopes are made the way they are, how they should be used, what data they can produce, and what can be done with the data. Illustrative examples from the physical sciences, materials science, life sciences, nanotechnology and industry demonstrate the different capabilities of the technique.Trade ReviewAtomic Force Microscopy is a great introduction to AFMs for beginners and, although light on theory, also serves as a good starting point for more serious users. * Udo D. Schwarz, Physics Today *There is definitely room for a general book on AFM which concentrates on how to get the most from the instrument and teaches the beginner/moderately experienced user the 'tricks of the trade'. * Jamie Hobbs, Sheffield University, UK *Atomic Force Microscopy is the manual that should accompany any Atomic Force Microscope. * Othmar Marti, University of Ulm, Germany *I recommend this book to any reader who wants to enter the world of force microscopy. This book is easy to read, entertaining, with a practical approach. * Carmen Serra, Nanotechnology and Surface Analysis Service, University of Vigo, Spain *Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Instrumental Aspects of AFM 3: AFM Modes 4: Measuring AFM Images 5: Image Processing in AFM 6: Image Artifacts in AFM 7: Applications of AFM Appendix 1: AFM Standards and Calibration Specimens Appendix 2: AFM Software

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Book SynopsisA Mind Over Matter is a biography of the Nobel-prize winner Philip W. Anderson, a person widely regarded as one of the most accomplished and influential physicists of the second half of the twentieth century. Anderson (1923-2020) was a theoretician who specialized in the physics of matter, including window glass and metals, magnets and semiconductors, liquid crystals and superconductors. More than any other single person, Anderson transformed the patchwork subject of solid-state physics into the deep, subtle, and coherent discipline known today as condensed matter physics. Among his many world-class research achievements, Anderson discovered an aspect of wave physics that had been missed by all previous scientists going back to Isaac Newton. He became a public figure when he testified before Congress to oppose its funding of an expensive project intended exclusively for particle physics research. Over the years, he published many articles designed to influence a broad audience about issues where science impacted public policy and culture. Anderson grew up in the American mid-west, was educated at Harvard, and rose to the pinnacle of his profession during the first decade of his thirty-five career as a theoretical physicist at Bell Telephone Laboratories. Almost uniquely, he spent many years working half-time as a professor at the University of Cambridge and at Princeton University. The outspoken Anderson enjoyed broad influence outside of physics when he helped develop and champion the concepts of emergence and complexity as organizing principles to help attack very difficult problems in technically challenging disciplines.Trade ReviewA Mind Over Matter is an important book of interest not only to physicists but also to many historians and philosophers of science. Apart from providing a comprehensive review of Anderson's life and science. * Helge Kragh, Metascience *A lucid biography of one of the great twentieth-century scientists, and also a skeleton-key for readers interested in the physics of complex systems. * David Kordahl, 3 Quarks Daily *Zangwill's well-written and engaging A Mind Over Matter is an important book of interest not only to physicists but also to many historians and philosophers of science. * Helge Kragh, Metascience *Zangwill has done an admirable job in capturing the character of Anderson, accurately depicting his flaws as well as his enormous strengths. Moreover, the book is very well written [...]. It should clearly be of great interest to anyone who has done research in the area of condensed matter physics, or has seriously studied that subject. But it should also be of interest to many others, including people with a broad interest in the history of science and the evolution of physics in the second half of the twentieth century. * Bertrand Halperin, Harvard University *The book is great, extremely interesting and well written. It should appeal to thinking scientists and academics quite widely, and it captures the spirit of a leading figure in theoretical physics. In particular I like the discussion of Anderson's 'style' of doing theoretical physics in line with his whole ethos and what he thinks science is about. * Volker Heine, Cambridge University *Well-researched, nicely balanced and refreshingly non-hagiographic. * Anthony Leggett, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign *Table of ContentsPrologue 1: Introduction 2: Son of the Heartland 3: Making Waves 4: First Fruits 5: A Solid Beginning 6: Breaking Symmetry 7: Disorderly Conduct 8: Law in Disorder 9: The Love of His Life 10: The Cantabrigian 11: Hidden Moments 12: From Emergence to Complexity 13: The Pope of Condensed Matter 14: The Problem of a Lifetime 15: Four Facts about Science 16: Conclusion Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisAt the intersection of physics, mathematics, and computer science, an exciting new field of study has formed, known as Topological Quantum. This research field examines the deep connections between the theory of knots, special types of subatomic particles known as anyons, certain phases of matter, and quantum computation. This book elucidates this nexus, drawing in topics ranging from quantum gravity to topology to experimental condensed matter physics. Topological quantum has increasingly been a focus point in the fields of condensed matter physics and quantum information over the last few decades, and the forefront of research now builds on the basic ideas presented in this book. The material is presented in a down-to-earth and entertaining way that is far less abstract than most of what is in the literature. While introducing the crucial concepts and placing them in context, the subject is presented without resort to the highly mathematical category theory that underlies the field. Trade ReviewExtremely timely, well structured and engaging, exposing both the mathematical beauty of the subject and its deep connections to physics. * Kirill Shtengel, University of California, Riverside *This text is nothing short of a triumph. * Kymani Armstrong-Williams, Physics Book Reviews *

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Book SynopsisThe electrical properties of materials are fundamental to many devices encountered in daily life and in today''s industry, ranging from the semiconductors used in microelectronics to the dielectric materials in liquid crystal displays, the magnetic materials in the motors of electric cars and the superconducting materials in MRI scanners. All stem from the response of electrons to electric and magnetic fields. This book explains the phenomena, reviews the best materials, and presents the most relevant applications. The behaviour of electrons in atoms, liquids, solids, and periodic crystals is described, and the possibilities of new artificial materials are discussed. In themselves, electrons are intriguing, sometimes displaying particle-type and other times wave-type behaviour. Full understanding of wave properties requires quantum mechanics, often seen as a barrier due to the unfamiliarity of the concepts involved and the complexity of the mathematical apparatus needed. A key aim is t

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Book SynopsisThis book is addressed at upper-level undergraduate and graduate students involved in research in atomic, molecular, and optical Physics. It will also be useful to researchers practising in this field. It gives an intuitive, yet sufficiently detailed and rigorous introduction to light-atom interactions with a particular emphasis on the symmetry aspects of the interaction, especially those associated with the angular momentum of atoms and light. The book will enable readers to carry out practical calculations on their own, and is richly illustrated with examples drawn from current research topics, such as resonant nonlinear magneto-optical effects. The book comes with a software package for a variety of atomic-physics calculations and further interactive examples that is freely downloadable from the book''s web page, as well as additional materials (such as power-point presentations) available to instructors who adopt the text for their courses.Trade ReviewI highly recommend Optically Polarized Atoms and will probably use it next time I teach my graduate course. [...] The book is specifically intended for use in a one-semester course in which the symmetry and angular-momentum aspects of atomic structure and laser-atom interactions are central. [...] The level of detail and the clarity of explanations are admirable. * Daniel F.V. James, Physics Today *The recently published book "Optically Polarized Atoms" by Marcis Auzinsh, Dmitry Budker and Simon M. Rochester will be a unique and valuable addition to the library of anyone -- students or established researchers[...]It provides a rich mine of information about atomic physics that is hard to find elsewhere. I intend to keep a copy on my shelf of favorite physics books. * William Happer, Princeton University *Table of ContentsI: INTRODUCTION TO LIGHT-ATOM INTERACTIONS ; 1. Introduction ; 2. Atomic States ; 3. A bit of angular-momentum theory ; 4. Atoms in external electric and magnetic fields ; 5. Polarized atoms ; 6. Polarized light ; 7. Atomic transitions ; 8. Coherence in atomic systems ; 9. Optical pumping ; 10. Light-atom interaction observed in transmitted light ; II: ADVANCED TOPICS ; 11. Nonlinear magneto-optical rotation ; 12. Perturbative analysis of light-atom interactions ; 13. Polarization effects in transitions with partially resolved hyperfine structure ; 14. The effect of hyperfine splitting on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation ; 15. Spectral properties of excitation light; ground-state coherence effects revisited ; 16. Collapse and revival in quantum beats ; 17. Nuclear quadrupole resonance and alignment-to-orientation conversion ; 18. Selective addressing of high-rank polarization moments ; 19. Tensor structure of the DC- and AC-Stark polarizabilities ; 20. Photoionization of polarized atoms with polarized light ; Appendix A Constants, units and notations ; Appendix B Units of energy, frequency and wavelength ; Appendix C Reference data for hydrogen and the alkali atoms ; Appendix D Nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with hyperfine structure ; Appendix E The Atomic Density Matrix software package

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Book SynopsisCovering the elementary aspects of the physics of phases transitions and the renormalization group, this popular book is widely used both for core graduate statistical mechanics courses as well as for more specialized courses. Emphasizing understanding and clarity rather than technical manipulation, these lectures de-mystify the subject and show precisely how things work. Goldenfeld keeps in mind a reader who wants to understand why things are done, what the results are, and what in principle can go wrong. The book reaches both experimentalists and theorists, students and even active researchers, and assumes only a prior knowledge of statistical mechanics at the introductory graduate level.Advanced, never-before-printed topics on the applications of renormalization group far from equilibrium and to partial differential equations add to the uniqueness of this book.Table of ContentsIntroduction * Scaling and Dimensional Analysis * Power Laws in Statistical Physics * Some Important Questions * Historical Development * Exercises How Phase Transitions Occur In Principle * Review of Statistical Mechanics * The Thermodynamic Limit * Phase Boundaries and Phase Transitions * The Role of Models * The Ising Model * Analytic Properties of the Ising Model * Symmetry Properties of the Ising Model * Existence of Phase Transitions * Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking * Ergodicity Breaking * Fluids * Lattice Gases * Equivalence in Statistical Mechanics * Miscellaneous Remarks * Exercises How Phase Transitions Occur In Practice * Ad Hoc Solution Methods * The Transfer Matrix * Phase Transitions * Thermodynamic Properties * Spatial Correlations * Low Temperature Expansion * Mean Field Theory * Exercises Critical Phenomena in Fluids * Thermodynamics * Two-Phase Coexistence * Vicinity of the Critical Point * Van der Waals Equation * Spatial Correlations * Measurement of Critical Exponents * Exercises Landau Theory * Order Parameters * Common Features of Mean Field Theories * Phenomenological Landau Theory * Continuous Phase Transitions * Inhomogeneous Systems * Correlation Functions * Exercises Fluctuations and the Breakdown of Landau Theory * Breakdown of Microscopic Landau Theory * Breakdown of Phenomenological Landau Theory * The Gaussian Approximation * Critical Exponents * Exercises Scaling in Static, Dynamic and Non-Equilibrium Phenomena * The Static-Scaling Hypothesis * Other Forms of the Scaling Hypothesis * Dynamic Critical Phenomena * Scaling in the Approach to Equilibrium * Summary The Renormalisation Group * Block Spins * Basic Ideas of the Renormalisation Group * Fixed Points * Origin of Scaling * RG in Differential Form * RG for the Two Dimensional Ising Model * First Order Transitions and Non-Critical Properties * RG for the Correlation Function * Crossover Phenomena * Correlations to Scaling * Finite Size Scaling Anomalous Dimensions Far From Equilibrium * Introduction * Similarity Solutions * Anomalous Dimensions in Similarity Solutions * Renormalisation * Perturbation Theory for Barenblatts Equation * Fixed Points * Conclusion Continuous Symmetry * Correlation in the Ordered Phase * Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition Critical Phenomena Near Four Dimensions * Basic Idea of the Epsilon Expansion * RG for the Gaussian Model * RG Beyond the Gaussian Approximation * Feyman Diagrams * The RG Recursion Relations * Conclusion

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Book SynopsisRenormalization analysis reveals how microscopic mechanisms can organize themselves to produce macroscopic consequences. These techniques are applied in various fields of physics, from phase transitions and magnetic systems, to dynamical systems, percolation and fractal structures, random walks, and polymers.Table of ContentsPrinciples and Physical Framework. A Comparative Study of Two Typical Examples. Mathematical Aspects. Statistical Mechanics. Dynamical Systems and Chaos. Stochastic Diffusion. Fractal Structures. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisAccurately predicting the behaviour of multiphase flows is a problem of immense industrial and scientific interest. Modern computers can now study the dynamics in great detail and these simulations yield unprecedented insight. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to direct numerical simulations of multiphase flows for researchers and graduate students.Trade Review"This book provides a comprehensive introduction to direct numerical simulations of multiphase flows. It is useful for researchers and graduate students in computational engineering science who are interested in the development and application of numerical simulation methods for multiphase incompressible flows." Arnold Reusken, Mathematical ReviewsTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Fluid mechanics with interfaces; 3. Numerical solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations; 4. Advecting a fluid interface; 5. The volume-of-fluid method; 6. Advecting marker points - front tracking; 7. Surface tension; 8. Disperse bubbly flows; 9. Atomization and breakup; 10. Droplet collision, impact and splashing; 11. Extensions; Appendix A. Interfaces: description and definitions; Appendix B. Distributions on the interface; Appendix C. Cube-chopping; Appendix D. Dynamics of liquid sheets; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisA complete guide on nucleation of particles from the gas phase, unifying classical nucleation theory, atomistic approaches, and nucleation in real-world scenarios such as flames and plasmas. An accessible and invaluable reference for senior undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers in many fields of science and engineering.

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Book SynopsisRheology is primarily concerned with materials: scientific, engineering and everyday products whose mechanical behaviour cannot be described using classical theories. From biological to geological systems, the key to understanding the viscous and elastic behaviour firmly rests in the relationship between the interactions between atoms and molecules and how this controls the structure, and ultimately the physical and mechanical properties. Rheology for Chemists An Introduction takes the reader through the range of rheological ideas without the use of the complex mathematics. The book gives particular emphasis on the temporal behaviour and microstructural aspects of materials, and is detailed in scope of reference. An excellent introduction to the newer scientific areas of soft matter and complex fluid research, the second edition also refers to system dimension and the maturing of the instrumentation market. This book is a valuable resource for practitioners working in the field, and offers a comprehensive introduction for graduate and post graduates. ... well-suited for self-study by research workers and technologists, who, confronted with technical problems in this area, would like a straightforward introduction to the subject of rheology. Chemical Educator, ... full of valuable insights and up-to-date information. Chemistry WorldTrade Review...describers methods used in rheological analysis, with particular reference to the temporal behaviour and microstructural aspects of materials. The book also introduces the relatively new areas of soft matter and complex fluid research and discusses system dimensions and developments in the instrumentation market. It is aimed at practitioners working in the field as well as graduate and undergraduate students... -- Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Volume 40 (6) 2008 Food Science and Technology "The book is a very useful addition to the corpus of rheology.." -- Chemistry and Industry Chemistry and IndustryTable of ContentsContents: Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Definitions; 1.1.1 Stress and Strain; 1.1.2 Rate of Strain and Flow; 1.2 Simple Constitutive Equations; 1.2.1 Linear and Non-linear Behaviour; 1.2.2 Using Constitutive Equations; 1.3 Dimensionless Groups; 1.3.1 The Deborah Number; 1.3.2 The PÚclet Number; 1.3.3 The Reduced Stress; 1.3.4 The Taylor Number, NTa; 1.3.5 The Reynolds Number, NRe; 1.4 Macromolecular and Colloidal Systems; 1.5 References; Chapter 2: Elasticity: High Deborah Number Measurements; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Liquid-Solid Transition; 2.2.1 Bulk Elasticity; 2.2.2 Wave Propagation; 2.3 Crystalline Solids At Large Strains; 2.3.1 Lattice Defects; 2.4 Macromolecular Solids; 2.4.1 Polymers - An Introduction; 2.4.2 Chain Conformation; 2.4.3 Polymer Crystallinity; 2.4.4 Crosslinked Elastomers; 2.4.5 Self-associating Polymers; 2.4.6 Non-interactive Fillers; 2.4.7 Interactive Fillers; 2.4.8 Summary of Polymeric Systems; 2.5 Colloidal Gels; 2.5.1 Interactions Between Colloidal Particles; 2.5.2 London - van der Waals' Interactions; 2.5.3 Depletion Interactions; 2.5.4 Electrostatic Repulsion; 2.5.5 Steric Repulsion; 2.5.6 Electrosteric Interactions; 2.6 References; Chapter 3: Viscosity: Low Deborah Number Measurements; 3.1 Initial Considerations; 3.2 Viscometric Measurement; 3.2.1 The Cone and Plate; 3.2.2 The Couette or Concentric Cylinder; 3.3 The Molecular Origins on Viscosity; 3.3.1 The Flow of Gases; 3.3.2 The Flow of Liquids; 3.3.3 Density and Phase Changes; 3.3.4 Free Volume Model of Liquid Flow; 3.3.5 Activation energy Models; 3.4 Superfluids; 3.5 Macromolecular Fluids; 3.5.1 Colloidal Dispersions; 3.5.2 Dilute Dispersions of Spheres; 3.5.3 Concentrated Dispersions of Spheres; 3.5.4 Shear Thickening Behaviour in Dense Suspensions; 3.5.5 Charge Stabilised Dispersions; 3.5.6 Dilute Polymer Solutions; 3.5.7 Surfactant Solutions; 3.6 References; Chapter 4: Linear Viscoelasticity I Phenomenological Approach; 4.1 Viscoelasticity; 4.2 Length and Timescales; 4.3 Mechanical Spectroscopy; 4.4 Linear Viscoelasticity; 4.4.1 Mechanical Analogues; 4.4.2 Relaxation Derived as an Analogue to 1 st Order Chemical Kinetics; 4.4.1 Oscillation Response; 4.4.2 Multiple Processes; 4.4.3 A Spectral Approach To Linear Viscoelastic Theory; 4.5 Linear Viscoelastic Experiments; 4.4.1 Relaxation; 4.4.2 Stress Growth; 4.4.3 Antthixotropic Response; 4.4.4 Creep and Recovery; 4.4.5 Strain Oscillation; 4.4.6 Stress Oscillation; 4.6 Interrelationships Between the Measurements and the Spectra; 4.6.1 The Relationship Between Compliance and Modulus; 4.6.1 Retardation and Relaxation Spectrum; 4.6.2 The Relaxation Function and the Storage and Loss Moduli; 4.6.3 Creep and Relaxation Interrelations; 4.7 Applications to the Models; 4.8 Microstructural Influences on the Kernel; 4.8.1 The Extended Exponential; 4.8.2 Power law or the Gel Equation; 4.8.3 Exact Inversions from the Relaxation or Retardation Spectrum; 4.9 Non-shearing Fields and Extension; 4.10 References; Chapter 5: Linear Viscoelasticity II. Microstructural Approach; 5.1 Intermediate Deborah Numbers; 5.2 Hard Spheres and Atomic Fluids; 5.3 Quasi-hard Spheres; 5.3.1 Quasi-hard Sphere Phase Diagrams; 5.3.2 Quasi-hard Sphere Viscoelasticity and Viscosity; 5.4 Weakly Attractive Systems; 5.5 Charge Repulsion Systems; 5.6 Simple Homopolymer systems; 5.6.1 Phase Behaviour and the Chain Overlap in Good Solvents; 5.6.2 Dilute Solution Polymers; 5.6.3 Undiluted and Concentrated Non-entangled Polymers; 5.6.4 Entanglement coupling; 5.6.5 Reptation and Linear Viscoelasticity; 5.7 Polymer Network Structure; 5.7.1 The Formation of Gels; 5.7.2 Chemical Networks; 5.7.3 Physical Networks; 5.8 References; Chapter 6: Non-Linear Responses; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 The Phenomenological Approach; 6.2.1 Flow Curve4s; Definitions and Equations; 6.2.2 Time Dependence in Flow and The Boltzmann Superposition Principle; 6.2.3 Yield Stress Sedimentation and Linearity; 6.3 The Microstructural Approach - Particles; 6.2.1 Flow in Hard Sphere Systems; 6.2.2 The Addition of a Surface Layer; 6.2.3 Aggregation and Dispersion in Shear; 6.2.4 Weakly Flocculated Dispersions; 6.2.5 Strongly Aggregated and Coagulated Systems; 6.2.6 Long Range Repulsive Systems; 6.2.7 Rod-like Particles; 6.4 The Microstructural Approach - Polymers; 6.4.1 The Role of Entanglements in Non-linear Viscoelasticity; 6.4.2 Entanglements of Solution Homopolymers; 6.4.3 The Reptation Approach; 6.5 Novel Applications; 6.5.1 Extension and Complex Flows; 6.5.2 Uniaxial Compression Modulus; 6.5.3 Deformable Particles; 6.5 References; Subject Index;

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Book SynopsisMaintaining a practical perspective, Electronic Transport Theories: From Weakly to Strongly Correlated Materials provides an integrative overview and comprehensive coverage of electronic transport with pedagogy in view. It covers traditional theories, such as the Boltzmann transport equation and the Kubo formula, along with recent theories of transport in strongly correlated materials. The understood case of electronic transport in metals is treated first, and then transport issues in strange metals are reviewed. Topics discussed are: the Drude-Lorentz theory; the traditional Bloch-Boltzmann theory and the Grüneisen formula; the Nyquist theorem and its formulation by Callen and Welton; the Kubo formalism; the Langevin equation approach; the Wölfle-Götze memory function formalism; the Kohn-Luttinger theory of transport; and some recent theories dealing with strange metals. This book is an invaluable resource for undergraduate students, post-graduate students, and researchers wTable of ContentsIntroduction and objective of the study. The traditional Boltzmann equation based approaches. Some techniques from nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. The Zwanzig-Mori-Gotze-Wolfle memory function formalism. The Kohn-Luttinger theory: Quantum mechanical basis of the Bloch-Boltzmann equation. Strange metals: A survey. Electronic transport theories from simple to strange metals: A summary. Supporting material and practice exercises.

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Book SynopsisIn the corner of a Manchester laboratory in 2004, two scientists stumbled on a major discovery while pulling pieces of Sellotape apart - graphene. This is the story of those scientists, Professors Andre Geim and Kostya Novosolev, their eureka moment, subsequent Nobel Prizes and investigation into the wonder material's potential uses. But it is also the tale of the building they created with architects Jestico + Whiles and others to push graphene's potential ever further. This is the story of the National Graphene Institute.Table of ContentsIntroduction1. The Discoverers2. The Discovery3. What is Graphene?4. The Aftermath5. The Building6. Making the Veil7. The Engels' Sink8. From Seathwaite9. How the Building Works10. The Future

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Book SynopsisSolid-state laser and luminescent materials activated by rare-earth or transition metals ions are widely used for solid-state lasers, luminescent lamps, flat displays, optical fibre communication systems, and other photonic devices. The unique solid-state electronic properties enable the activators in solids to emit photons efficiently in visible and IR regions. The rapid advances in both materials science and optoelectronics, particularly, the development of new methods of material synthesis and device fabrication, have been stimulating the growing interests in the deep insights of spectroscopic properties of solid-state laser and luminescent materials. This book brings together essential and practical knowledge of spectroscopic physics. This includes, atomic spectroscopy, mathematical theory, rare earth ions in materials, light emission and absorption, spectral properties, non-radiative transitions and energy migration.

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Book SynopsisThe applications of ionic liquids can be enormously expanded by arranging the organic ions in the form of a polymer architecture. Polymerized ionic liquids (PILs), also known as poly(ionic liquid)s or polymeric ionic liquids, provide almost all features of ionic polymers plus a rare versatility in design. The mechanical properties of the solid or solid-like polymers can also be controlled by external stimuli, the basis for designing smart materials. Known for over four decades, PILs are a member of the ionic polymers family. Although the previous forms of ionic polymers have a partial ionicity, PILs are entirely composed of ions. Therefore, they offer a better flexibility for designing a responsive architecture as smart materials. Despite the terminology, PILs can be synthesized from solid organic ionic salts since the monomer liquidity is not a requirement for the polymerization process. Ionicity can also be induced to a neutral polymer by post-polymerization treatments. This is indeed an emerging field whose capabilities have been somehow overshadowed by the popularity of ionic liquids. However, recent reports in the literature have shown impressive potentials for the future. Written by leading authors, the present book provides a comprehensive overview of this exciting area, discussing various aspects of PILs and their applications as smart materials. Owing to the novelty of this area of research, the book will appeal to a broad readership including students and researchers from materials science, polymer science, chemistry, and physics.Table of ContentsPolymerization of Ionic Liquids; Nanoporous Polymerized Ionic Liquids; Cationic and Anionic Polymerized Ionic Liquids; Switchable Hydrophobicity and Hydrophilicity; Switchable Polarity; Stimuli Responsive Smart Fluids Based on Ionic Liquids and Poly(ionic liquid)s; Thermoresponsive Poly(ionic liquid)s Prepared Via One-Step Crosslinking Copolymerization; Redox Active Immobilized Ionic Liquids and Polymer Ionic Liquids; Doping Polymers With Ionic Liquids to Manipulate Morphology and Membrane Gas Separation Properties; Ionic Liquids Modified Fluorine Polymers: From High Performance Anti-Static Materials to Flexible Dielectric Materials; Ionic Liquids as Tools in the Production of Smart Polymeric Hydrogels; Preparation of Functional Polysaccharide Ion Gels With Ionic Liquids; Transport Properties of Ionic Liquids and Polymeric Ionic Liquids; Wearable Energy Storage Based on Ionogels;

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Book SynopsisAmphiphilic polymer co-networks (APCNs) are a type of polymeric hydrogel, their hydrophobic polymer segments and hydrophilic components produce less aqueous swelling, giving better mechanical properties than conventional hydrogels. This new class of polymers is attracting increasing attention, resulting in further basic research on the system, as well as new applications. This book focuses on new developments in the field of APCNs, and is organised in four sections: synthesis, properties, applications and modelling. Co-network architectures included in the book chapters are mainly those deriving from hydrophobic macro-cross-linkers, representing the classical approach; however, more modern designs are also presented. Properties of interest discussed include aqueous swelling, thermophysical and mechanical properties, self-assembly, electrical actuation, and protein adsorption. Applications described in the book chapters include the use of co-networks as soft contact lenses, scaffolds for drug delivery and tissue engineering, matrices for heterogeneous biocatalysis, and membranes of controllable permeability. Finally, an important theory chapter on the modelling of the self-assembly of APCNs is also included. The book is suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in hydrogels, polymer networks, polymer chemistry, block copolymers, self-assembly and nanomaterials, as well as their applications in contact lenses, drug delivery, tissue engineering, membranes and biocatalysis.Trade ReviewThe invention of living anionic polymerization in 1956 stands as a landmark achievement in polymer science. The impact of this discovery was profound and was followed by the development of quasi-living carbocationic polymerization, group transfer polymerization and the various forms of controlled radical polymerization. Together, these methods enabled the facile synthesis and subsequent property characterization of a wide range of macromolecular architectures and block copolymers. An interesting class of well-defined polymers includes cross-linked segmented amphiphilic polymer co-networks (APCNs). These systems are based on hydrophilic copolymers which contain one or more hydrophobic segments that are able to micellize in an aqueous environment under the constraints of the cross-links. Contemporary silicone-based soft contact lenses represent the best-known application of APCNs with a large and growing market world-wide driven by superior performance based on the APCN structure. Unique features of APCN include microphase separation, a reduction in aqueous swelling and an enhancement of the mechanical properties when swollen in water. This novel interplay of structure, property and function forms the subject matter for this Royal Society of Chemistry book edited by Costas S. Patrickios entitled “Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks: Synthesis, Properties, Modelling and Applications”. I recommend this book to professionals working in polymers and materials science and engineering, but also to advanced undergraduates and graduate students in chemistry, chemical, biological or materials engineering who are looking for a firm grounding in polymer science. Long-awaited, this comprehensive text hosts contributions from 14 international collections of authors representing 12 countries with chapters grouped into the four sections, synthesis, properties, modelling and applications. -- Professor Craig Hawker, University of California * Personal Review *I recommend this book to professionals working in polymers and materials science and engineering, but also to advanced undergraduates and graduate students in chemistry, chemical, biological or materials engineering who are looking for a firm grounding in polymer science. -- Professor Craig J. Hawker, University of California * Personal Review *The book [Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks] is the first book integrating the most relevant information on the topic and is highly recommended for scientists and engineers interested in the development of new soft materials. -- Professor Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, Carnegie Mellon University * 10.1002/anie.202006776 *Overall, the book succeeds in highlighting many areas of interest and challenges in amphiphilic polymer co-networks, and it serves as a good starting point to chemists and chemical engineers interested in this field. -- Dr. Carlos Lopez and Professor Walter Richtering, RWTH Aachen University * Personal Review *The volume “Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks” edited by C. S. Patrickios and with a foreword by J. P. Kennedy provides an overview of the progress and developments in the field of APCN over the last decade. After a concise historical overview and outlook by the editor, the first section of the book reviews the work of three leading research groups on the synthesis and characterisation of APCNs. The next section covers various approaches for preparing APCNs, focusing on their physical properties. The types of networks discussed include micelle-crosslinked gels, double network gels and end-linked four-arm star gels, among others. A single chapter on modelling by F. Schmid gives a succinct overview of some theoretical aspects relevant to modelling APCNs, including the phase behaviour of block copolymer melts and those of randomly and regularly cross-linked networks. The fourth and last section of the book is dedicated to the various fields of application of APCNs. These include their uses as functional and smart membranes with, for example, temperature, light or pH sensitivity, and their applications in bio-catalysis in organic media. A short chapter by S. Diamanti gives a historical overview of the design and manufacture of contact lenses, where APCNs find their most widely employed application at present. Without directly addressing applications, G. G. Qiao and co-workers provide an extensive and highly readable overview of the challenges and opportunities for improving the mechanical properties of amphiphilic polymer co-networks, an issue that is perhaps the most pressing challenge to improving the performance of APCNs (and hydrogels in general). Several of the approaches reviewed are also treated individually in other chapters. While the scope of the volume is primarily experimental research, the chapter exclusively dedicated to modelling helps outline some of the theoretical concepts needed to understand the phase behaviour of APCNs. Relevant experimental techniques including small-angle scattering or force-extension measurements are touched upon throughout the book, providing the reader a short introduction to these methods. Likewise, important subjects such as controlled-release (a major application of APCNs) are dealt with in various chapters. Overall, the book succeeds in highlighting many areas of interest and challenges in amphiphilic polymer co-networks, and it serves as a good starting point to chemists and chemical engineers interested in this field. -- Dr. Carlos Lopez and Prof. Dr. Walter Richtering, RWTH Aachen University * Personal Review *Table of ContentsThirty Years of Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks; Poly(N-vinylimidazole)- based Nanostructured Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks; Designing Multi-component Biodegradable/Biocompatible Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks for Biomedical Applications; Cleavable Dimethacrylate-end-linked Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks Prepared Using Degradable, Hemiacetal Ester Group-containing Bifunctional Initiators; Structural Studies on PEO-b-PPO-based Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks; Structure and Physical Properties of Amphiphilic Polymer Co-network Hydrogels with Controlled Structures; Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks From Telechelic Macromonomers Using Thiol–Norbornene Chemistry; Bimodal Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks: Interfacial Phenomena and Applications; Ultra-stretchable and Multi-responsive Tough Hydrogels Crosslinked by Triblock Copolymer Micelles; Double-network Hydrogels Comprising an Ionic Amphiphilic Polymer First Co-network; Theoretical Approaches to Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks; Silicone Hydrogel Soft Contact Lenses: An Industrial Application of Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks; New Approaches Towards the Design of Tough Amphiphilic Polymeric Co-networks; Biocatalytically-active Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks; Functional Membranes Based on Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks

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Book SynopsisBicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels, now commonly termed ‘bijels’ are a class of soft materials, in which interpenetrating, continuous domains of two immiscible fluids are maintained in a rigid arrangement by a jammed layer of colloidal particles at their interface. Such gels have unusual material properties that promise exciting applications across diverse fields from energy materials and catalysis, to food science. This is the first book on the subject and provides the reader with a fundamental introduction to the field. Edited by Paul Clegg, a recognised authority on bijels, the reader will learn about the bijel and its formation. Starting with three component systems, the reader will be introduced to systems using only two liquids and colloidal particles before moving onto more complex systems with additional components. These systems are looked at via both experimental and simulation studies, explaining phase separation kinetics, structure formation, properties and functionalisation. A closing section on bijel production using flow explores thin film and bulk structure formation relevant to larger scale materials design. Bringing together current understanding this book aims to bring the potential application of bijels to diverse materials challenges closer to fruition. This is a must-have resource for anyone working in soft matter and applied fields. Foreword by Michael E. Cates, Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Bijels; Post-processing Bijels for Applications; Bicontinuous Interfacially Jammed Emulsions (Bijels) in Geometric Confinement; Polymer Blend Systems With an Added Solvent; Bijel Systems Based on the Phase Separation of Biological Macromolecules; Bijels Formed by Solvent Transfer-induced Phase Separation; The Effect of Nanoparticles on the Oil-Water Interfacial Tension in the Presence of Nonionic Surfactants; Efficient Processing Pathways to Create High Interface Materials; Bijels the Easy Way

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Book SynopsisCarbon nanostructures, namely fullerenes, single and multiwall carbon nanotubes, graphene as well as the most recent graphene quantum dots and carbon nanodots, have experienced a tremendous progress along the last two decades in terms of the knowledge acquired on their chemical and physical properties. These insights have enabled their increasing use in biomedical applications, from scaffolds to devices. Edited by renowned experts in the subject, this book collects and delineates the most notable advances within the growing field surrounding carbon nanostructures for biomedical purposes. Exploration ranges from fundamentals around classifications to toxicity, biocompatibility and the immune response. Modified nanocarbon-based materials and emergent classes, such as carbon dots and nanohorns are discussed, with chapters devoted from carriers for drug delivery and inhibitors of emergent viruses infection, to applications across imaging, biosensors, tissue scaffolding and biotechnology. The book will provide a valuable reference resource and will extensively benefit researchers and professionals working across the fields of chemistry, materials science, and biomedical and chemical engineering.Table of ContentsCarbon Nanostructures: Drug Delivery and Beyond; Carbon Nanomaterials as Carriers of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs; Multivalent Glycosylated Carbon Nanostructures: Efficient Inhibitors of Emergent Viruses Infection; Carbon Nanostructures and Polysaccharides for Biomedical Materials; Biological Applications of Magnetically Empowered Carbon Nanotubes; Carbon Nanomaterials for Neuronal Tissue Engineering; Carbon Nanotubes for Cardiac Applications; Nanodiamonds and their Biological Applications; Carbon Nanomaterials for the Development of Biosensors for Microbe Detection and Diagnosis; Biotechnology Applications of Nanocarbons in Plant and Algal Systems

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Book SynopsisResearch and new tools in biomaterials development by using peptides are currently growing, as more functional and versatile building blocks are used to design a host of functional biomaterials via chemical modifications for health care applications. It is a field that is attracting researchers from across soft matter science, molecular engineering and biomaterials science. Covering the fundamental concepts of self-assembly, design and synthesis of peptides, this book will provide a solid introduction to the field for those interested in developing functional biomaterials by using peptide derivatives. The bioactive nature of the peptides and their physical properties are discussed in various applications in biomedicine. This book will help researchers and students working in biomaterials and biomedicine fields and help their understanding of modulating biological processes for disease diagnosis and treatments.Table of ContentsDesign and Synthesis of Peptides for Developing Biomaterials; Characterization of Peptides and Their Assemblies; Peptide Engineering Strategies; Designing Enzyme Responsive Biomaterials; Peptide Self-Assembly Applied to Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reactions; The use of D-amino acids for peptide self-assembled systems; Amyloid-like Peptide Aggregates; Regenerative Medicine Applications of Peptide Hydrogels; Drug Delivery Applications of Peptide Materials; Glycosylated Peptide Materials; Ultrashort Tetrameric Peptide Nanogels Support Tissue Graft Formation, Wound Healing and 3D Bioprinting; Self-assembled Peptide Nanostructures for Antibacterial Applications; Peptide-Based Biomaterials for Repair and Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disc; New Functions Emerging from Peptide-DNA Materials

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Book SynopsisDroplet microfluidics offers tremendous potential as an enabling technology for high-throughput screening. It promises to yield novel techniques for personalised medicine, drug discovery, disease diagnosis, establishing chemical libraries, and the discovery of new materials. Despite the enormous potential to contribute to a broad range of applications, the expected adoption has not yet been seen, partly due to the interdisciplinary nature and the fact that, up until now, information has been scattered across the literature. This book goes a long way to addressing these issues. Edited by two leaders, this book has drawn together expertise from around the globe to form a unified, cohesive resource for the droplet microfluidics community. Starting with the basic theory of droplet microfluidics before introducing its use as a tool, the reader will be treated to chapters on important techniques, including robust passive and active droplet manipulations and applications such as single cell analysis, which is key for drug discovery. This book is a go-to resource for the community yearning to adopt and promote droplet microfluidics into different applications and will interest researchers and practitioners working across chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, micro- and nano-technology, and engineering.Table of ContentsHistory and Current Status of Droplet Microfluidics; Fundamentals; Technological Development - Droplet as a Tool; Droplet Gene Analysis - Digital PCR; Microfluidic Applications in Single-cell Genomic, Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis; Drop-Screen for Biological Functional Assay; Application in Single Cell Functional Analysis; Droplet Microfluidics: Applications in Synthetic Biology; Tissue Engineering and Analysis in Droplet Microfluidics; Emulsion Drops as Templates for the Fabrication of Microparticles and Capsules; Challenges and Opportunities - Future Directions

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Book SynopsisCoffee rings, paint drying, blood splatter are all examples of complex fluids drying. Understanding the phenomena of complex fluid drops with respect to drying is important for technology and a lot of research in academia and industry is poured into this topic. This book addresses this industrially important area and provides a thorough grounding to the field. Addressing the fundamental underpinnings of wetting, spreading and drying, the book then takes the reader through key applications grouped into themes, including colloidal droplets (used in printing) and biological (e.g. bloodstain analysis for forensics). With a section on modelling and simulation to balance experiment with computational tools, this book will appeal to anyone working in complex fluids across classical fluid mechanics, soft matter, and chemical, biological and mechanical engineeringTable of ContentsSpreading of Complex Fluids Drops; Wetting and Contact Line Motion; Evaporation of Ternary Sessile Drops; Mathematical Models for the Evaporation of Sessile Droplets; Deposition Control of Inkjet-printed Drops; Spreading and Evaporation of Surfactant Drops; Ink and Microelectronic Printing; Drying of Complex Dairy Fluids; Drying of Human Blood Drops; Drying Processes in the Formation of Bloodstains at Crime Scenes; Evaporation and Precipitation Dynamics of a Respiratory Droplet; Spreading and Drying of Drops and Art; Nanofluid Droplets Drying on Structured Surfaces and Evaporative Self-assembly

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Book SynopsisEnergy storage material is a hot topic in material science and chemistry. During the past decade, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has emerged as a powerful tool to aid understanding of the working and failing mechanisms of energy storage materials and devices. The aim of this book is to introduce the use of NMR methods for investigating electrochemical storage materials and devices. Presenting a comprehensive overview of NMR spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on energy storage materials, the book will include the theory of paramagnetic interactions and relevant calculation methods, a number of specific NMR approaches developed in the past decade for battery materials (e.g. in situ, ex situ NMR, MRI, DNP, 2D NMR, NMR dynamics) and case studies on a variety of related materials. Helping both NMR spectroscopists entering the field of batteries and battery specialists seeking diagnostic methods for material and device degradation, it is written by leading authorities from international research groups in this field.Table of ContentsNMR Principles of Paramagnetic Materials; The Methodology of Electrochemical In Situ NMR and MRI; Dealing with Quadrupolar Nuclei in Paramagnetic Systems; Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation Enhanced NMR; Oxide-based Cathode Materials for Li-and Na-ion Batteries; NMR Studies on Polyanion-type Cathode Materials for LIBs/NIBs; Intercalation and Alloying Anode Materials for Rechargeable Li/Na Batteries; Electrolyte Evolution and SEI Interfaces; NMR Studies of Oxide-type Solid State Electrolytes in All Solid State Batteries; Organic and Organic–Inorganic Composite Solid Electrolytes; Sulfide-based Electrolytes in Solid State Batteries; NMR Characterization of Super-capacitors; Characterising Non-aqueous Metal–Air Batteries Using NMR Spectroscopy; Electrocatalyst and Electrode Reactions in Fuel Cells; Surface Structures and Their Reactions in Transition Metal Oxides; In Situ NMR Techniques for Li-ion Batteries; Stray Field Imaging for High Resolution In Situ Analysis of Lithium-ion Batteries

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Book SynopsisThis volume brings together internationally leading researchers in this interdisciplinary field to explore and exchange ideas, both experimental and theoretical, to further our understanding of the fundamental properties of water at interfaces.

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Book SynopsisMaterials have the potential to be the centrepiece for the transition to viable renewable energy technologies if they realise a specific suite of properties and achieve a desired set of performance metrics. The envisioned transition involves the discovery of materials that enable generation, conversion, storage, transmission, and utilization of renewable energy. This book presents, through the eye of materials chemistry, an umbrella view of the myriad of classes of materials that make renewable energy technologies work. They are poised to facilitate the transition of non-renewable and unsustainable energy systems of the past into renewable and sustainable energy systems of the future. It is a story that often begins in chemistry laboratories with the discovery of new energy materials. Yet, to displace materials in existing energy technologies with new ones, depends not only on the ability to design and engineer a superior set of performance metrics for the material and the technology but also the requirement to meet a demanding collection of economic, regulatory, social, policy, environmental and sustainability criteria. Disruption in the traditional way of discovering materials is coming with the emergence of artificial intelligence, machine learning and robotic automation designed to accelerate the well-established discovery process, massive libraries of materials can be evaluated and the possibilities are endless. This book provides a perspective on the application of these new technologies to this field as well as an overview of energy materials discovery in the broader techno-economic and social context. Any budding researcher or more experienced materials scientist will find a guide to a fascinating story of discovery and emerge with a vision of what is next.Table of ContentsEnergy Makes the World Go Around; How Does a Materials Chemist Think?; Energy Conversion Materials, Parts I & II; Energy Conversion Materials, Part III; Energy Conversion Materials, Part IV; Energy Storage Materials, Part I; Energy Storage Materials, Part II; Energy Storage Materials, Part III; Human–Machine Interface; Towards the Future

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Book SynopsisUltrafast science has long been limited to the investigation of molecular processes. Over the past 10 years investigation of ultrafast processes has expanded to material science, including aspects relevant to the solid-state such as excitation of electrons in band structures and collective phonon excitation. Specific probes for electronic and structural reorganization, such as X-ray diffraction and ARPES, have been advanced. Furthermore, experimental techniques including XFEL science, THz science and various pump–probe methods, as well as the theoretical understanding of ultrafast, out-of-equilibrium and multiscale processes driven by light or THz excitation, have seen rapid development. This volume brings together a complementarity of internationally-leading experimental material scientists and theoreticians in this field to explore and exchange their ideas about the key aspects of ultrafast science, designing new ways to control materials and understanding transformation processes. The topics covered include: Material science: ultrafast transformation, electron-phonon coupling, multi-scale aspects Theory of out of equilibrium light-induced phenomena Optical excitation processes THz and laser field excitation processes Table of ContentsMaterial science: ultrafast transformation, electron-phonon coupling, multi-scale aspects;Theory of out of equilibrium light-induced phenomena;Optical excitation processes;THz and laser field excitation processes

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the first systematic discourse on a very peculiar approach to the theory of strongly correlated systems. Hubbard X-operators have been known for a long time but have not been widely used because of their awkward algebra. The book shows that it is possible to deal with X-operators even in the general multilevel local eigenstate system, and not just in the case of the nondegenerate Hubbard model. X-operators provide the natural language for describing quasiparticles in the Hubbard subbands with unusual doping and temperature-dependent band structures.The X-operator diagram technique is presented in detail, so that a newcomer with knowledge of the usual Fermi/Bose operator diagram technique can use the former after reading the book.Examples are taken from the theory of high-Tc superconductivity, rare-earth compounds with strong magnetic anisotropy and quantum oscillations in strongly correlated systems.Trade Review"This well-written book gives a systematic description of effective mathematical tools in the theory of strongly correlated electrons, based upon the use of the Hubbard operators." Mathematical ReviewsTable of ContentsHubbard Model as the Simplest Model of Strong Electron Correlation; Multielectron Models in X-Operators Representation; General Approach to the Quasiparticle Description of Strongly Correlated Systems; Unitary Transformations Method in Atomic Representation; Diagram Technique in the X-Operators Representation; Spectral Properties of the Anisotropic Metallic Ferromagnets; Peculiarities of the de Haas-van Alphen Effect in Strongly Correlated Systems with Magnetic Polaron States; The Electronic Structure of Copper Oxides in the Multiorbital p-d Model

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the essential ideas of coherent states and provides researchers and graduate students with the necessary tools for various applications of generalized coherent state theory. These applications include areas such as quantum information, quantum phase transitions, quantum many-body systems, quantum chaos, and quantum open systems. The aim of the book is to show how coherent states can be applied to an extensive range of physical systems. The authors provide many exercises at the end of each chapter to enhance the mastery of the subject. Throughout the first seven chapters, only an understanding of elementary quantum mechanics is assumed, and for the last six chapters, some basic knowledge of group theory is requested to follow the arguments. Table of ContentsChapter 1. IntroductionChapter 2. Coherent States of Harmonic Oscillator 1. Schrodinger’s wavepacket 2. Glauber’s coherent state 3. Mathematical properties 4. The uncertainty relation Exercises Chapter 3. Schrodinger’s Cat States 1. EPR paradox, cat states and entanglement 2. Experimental realization 3. Application to quantum information Exercises Chapter 4. Coherent State of Fermions 1. Graßmann algebra 2. Coherent state of Fermions Exercises Chapter 5. Coherent State Path Integrals 1. Path integral formalism 2. Coherent state path integral 3. Functional quantum field theory Exercises Chapter 6. Spin Coherent States 1. Spin coherent state in quantum optics 2. Qubit state and quantum coherence 3. Geometric phases for spin coherent states 4. Experimental realization 5. Spin cat states Exercises Chapter 7. Squeezed Coherent States 1. Squeezed vacuum states 2. Squeezed coherent states in quantum optics 3. Uncertainty relations 4. Detection of gravitational waves5. Continuous variable quantum information6. Spin squeezed statesExercises Chapter 8. Examples of Coherent States beyond SU(2) 5. SU(1,1) coherent states 6. SU(3) coherent states Exercises Chapter 9. Lie Group Generalizations of Coherent States 1. Lie group and Lie algebra 2. Generalized coherent states 3. General properties of coherent states Exercises Chapter 10. Many-Body Systems 1. Mean-field approach with coherent states 2. Bogoliubov transformation 3. Many-body quantum entanglement 4. Topological phases of matter Chapter 11. Statistical Mechanics 1. Lieb inequality and large N limit 2. Coherent state representation of partition function 3. Quantum phase transitions Chapter 12. Open Quantum Systems 7. Open quantum systems 8. Exact master equations 9. Non-equilibrium dynamics 10. Quantum thermodynamics Bibliography

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Phases of Matter and their Transitions An all-in-one, comprehensive take on matter and its phase properties In Phases of Matter and their Transitions, accomplished materials scientist Dr. Gijsbertus de With delivers an accessible textbook for advanced students in the molecular sciences. It offers a balanced and self-contained treatment of the thermodynamic and structural aspects of phases and the transitions between them, covering solids, liquids, gases, and their interfaces. The book lays the groundwork to describe particles and their interactions from the perspective of classical and quantum mechanics and compares phenomenological and statistical thermodynamics. It also examines materials with special properties, like glasses, liquid crystals, and ferroelectrics. The author has included an extensive appendix with a guide to the mathematics and theoretical models employed in this resource. Readers will also find: Thorough introductions to classical and quantum mechanics, intermolecular interactions, and continuum mechanics Comprehensive explorations of thermodynamics, gases, liquids, and solids Practical discussions of surfaces, including their general aspects for solids and liquids Fulsome treatments of discontinuous and continuous transitions, including discussions of irreversibility and the return to equilibrium Perfect for advanced students in chemistry and physics, Phases of Matter and their Transitions will also earn a place in the libraries of students of materials science.

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Book SynopsisThe book also features chapters and detailed explanations on Electric Current in Conductors, Thermal and Chemical effects of Electric Current, and Magnetic Field.

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Book SynopsisThis volume is the second edition of the first-ever elementary book on the Langevin equation method for the solution of problems involving the Brownian motion in a potential, with emphasis on modern applications in the natural sciences, electrical engineering and so on. It has been substantially enlarged to cover in a succinct manner a number of new topics, such as anomalous diffusion, continuous time random walks, stochastic resonance etc, which are of major current interest in view of the large number of disparate physical systems exhibiting these phenomena. The book has been written in such a way that all the material should be accessible to an advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate student. It draws together, in a coherent fashion, a variety of results which have hitherto been available only in the form of research papers or scattered review articles.Trade Review"This enlarged and updated second edition of the book: 'The Langevin equation' presents an extremely useful source for the practitioners of stochastic processes and its applications to physics, chemistry, engineering and biological physics, both for the experts and the beginners. It gives a valuable survey of solvable paradigms that rule many diverse stochastic phenomena. As such, it belongs onto the desk of all engaged in doing research and teaching in this area."Peter HanggiUniversity of Augsburg"... this enlarged and updated second edition constitutes an excellent and quite useful contribution to this important subject of relevance in physics, chemistry and several branches of engineering."Mathematical Reviews"This is a timely update of the theory and applications of the Langevin equation, which skillfully combines the elementary approaches with most recent developments such as anomalous diffusion and fractional kinetics. Both experts and beginners will benefit from this well-written textbook."J KlafterHeinemann Chair of Physical ChemistryTel Aviv University"This book has been written in such a way that all the materials should be accessible to an advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate student. It draws together, in a coherent fashion, a variety of results which have hitherto been available only in the form of research papers or scattered review articles."Zentralblatt MATHTable of ContentsHistorical Background and Introductory Concepts; Langevin Equations and Methods of Solution; Matrix Continued Fraction Method for the Solution of Langevin and Fokker-Planck Equations; Linear and Nonlinear Response Theory; Brownian Motion of a Free Particle and a Harmonic Oscillator; One-Dimensional Rotational Brownian Motion in a Potential; Brownian Motion in a Tilted Cosine Potential: Application to the Josephson Tunnelling Junction; Rotational Brownian Motion in an External Potential with Applications to Dielectric and Magnetic Relaxation; Non-Axially Symmetric Problems in Rotational Brownian Motion: Applications to the Theory of Superparamagnetism; Inertial Langevin Equations: Application to Orientational Relaxation in Liquids; Itinerant Oscillator Model; Anomalous Diffusion; Methods for the Solution of Fractional Fokker-Planck Equations.

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Book SynopsisA new class of insulating solids was recently discovered. When irradiated by a few visible photons, these solids give rise to a macroscopic excited domain that has new structural and electronic orders quite different from the starting ground state. This occurrence is called “photoinduced phase transition”, and this multi-authored book reviews recent theoretical and experimental studies of this new phenomenon.Why and how do photoexcited few electrons finally result in an excited domain with a macroscopic size? How is the resultant photoinduced phase different from the ordinary thermal-induced phase? This review volume answers those essential questions.This book has been selected for coverage in:• CC / Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences• Index to Scientific Book Contents® (ISBC)Table of ContentsTheories for Photoinduced Structural Phase Transitions and Their Dynamics (K Nasu); Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of the Dynamics of Photoinduced Ionic-to-Neutral Phase Transition in Tetrathiafulvalen-p-Chloranil Crystals (K Tanimura); Study on the Cooperative Photoinduced Low-Spin State Conversion Processes (O Sakai & T Ogawa); Femtosecond Dynamics of the Photoinduced Lattice Rearrangements in Quasi-One-Dimensional Halogen-Bridged Platinum Complexes (T Suemoto et al.); Monte Carlo Simulations on Ising-Like Models for Photoinduced Phase Transitions (T Kawamoto & S Abe); Photoinduced Phase Transitions in One-Dimensional Correlated Electron Transition (H Okamoto et al.); Probing Photoinduced Phase Transitions by Fast or Ultra-Fast Time-Resolved X-Ray Diffraction (H Cailleau et al.)

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Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is to acquaint the reader with what the author regards as the most basic characteristics of quasicrystals — structure, formation and stability, properties — in relationship with the applications of quasicrystalline materials.Quasicrystals are fascinating substances that form a family of specific structures with strange physical and mechanical properties as compared to those of metallic alloys. This, on the one hand, is stimulating intensive research to understand the most basic properties of quasicrystals in the frame of a generalized crystallography. On the other hand, these properties open the way to technological applications, demonstrated or potential, mostly regarding energy savings.This valuable book discusses those various facets of quasicrystals in five chapters, ending with the author's own interpretation of the properties with respect to their unique structure.Table of ContentsThe Golden Mean and the Kitchen; What to Know to Start With; Strange Physical Properties; When Atoms Move Away; Preparation and Mass Production; The Rise of a Dream.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a unique and comprehensive collection of pioneering contributions to the mechanics of crystals by J L Ericksen, a prominent and leading contributor to the study of the mechanics and mathematics of crystalline solids over the past 35 years.It presents a splendid corpus of research papers that cover areas on crystal symmetry, constitutive equations, defects and phase transitions — all topics of current importance to a broad group of workers in the field.The volume thus provides in one place material that is frequently referenced by numerous researchers on crystals across a spectrum of activities in areas of continuum mechanics, applied mathematics, engineering and materials science.Each group of papers or chapters in the book is preceded by a summary introduction that describes how the papers on that topic fit together, and in which Ericksen sketches the context of each paper and shares with the reader his thinking and insightfulness in writing it. The volume, edited by internationally renowned scholars whose works in finite elasticity and continuum mechanics have appeared in a variety of books and prestigious journals published over the past four decades, also includes a very interesting brief autobiography by Ericksen. In it he describes his early life in Oregon, his wartime experiences, his student days and postgraduate study, his introduction to scientific work, and what motivated him in his research. An English translation and revision of the first paper in this volume, originally published in Russian, appears here for the first time.Table of ContentsCrystal Symmetry; Constitutive Theory; Defects; Phase Transitions.

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Book SynopsisThis book begins by introducing the effective field approach, the simplest approach to phase transitions. It provides an intuitive approximation to the physics of such diverse phenomena as liquid-vapor transitions, ferromagnetism, superconductivity, order-disorder in alloys, ferroelectricity, superfluidity and ferroelasticity. The connection between the effective field approach and Landau's theory is stressed.The main coverage is devoted to specific applications of the effective field concept to ferroelectric systems, both hydrogen bonded ferroelectrics, like those in the TGS family, and oxide ferroelectrics, like pure and mixed perovskites.Table of ContentsMean Field Approach to Cooperative Phenomena; Some Applications to Ferroelectrics: 1970-1991; Some Applications to Ferroelectrics: 1991-1997; Some Applications to Ferroelectrics: 1998-2005.

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Book SynopsisThis is a highly interdisciplinary book straddling physics and complex systems such as living organisms. The presentation is from the perspective of physics, in a manner accessible to those interested in scientific knowledge integrated within its socio-cultural and philosophical backgrounds. Two key areas of human understanding, namely physics and conscious complex systems, are presented in simple language. An optional technical presentation is also given in parallel where it is needed.Table of ContentsPart I. The Nature of Physical Law: A Bird's Eye View of Our Quest; An Epistemic Hunt for Scientific Truth; The Laws of Nature and the Supremacy of Symmetry; Maxwell's Magical Trinity - Electricity, Magnetism and Light; The Theory of Relativity; The Quantum World and 'Reality'; Entanglement, Measurement and Quantum Paradoxes; Many Particle Systems and the Classical Limit; Energy, Entropy and Emergent Properties; Part II. Complex Systems and Consiousness: Bio-Molecules, the Sub-Slime of Astrochemistry; The Cell as the Basic Unit of Life; Specialized Cells for Sight, Insight, and Information; Exotic, Quantum Explanations of Consciousness; Addressing the Enigmatic Questions.

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Book SynopsisThe proceedings of Localisation 2011, a satellite conference of the 26th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT26), comprise both invited and contributed papers that discuss the latest progress on localisation phenomena. The main topics include quantum transport in disordered systems (Anderson localisation, effects of interactions on localisation, Anderson-Mott transition, mesoscopics), the superconductor-insulator transition, quantum Hall effects (fractional and integer), topological insulators, graphene, dynamical localisation, heavy fermions (Kondo effect, Kondo lattice, effects of disorder), and many body localisation (spin-glass, Coulomb glass). The volume is also dedicated to Professor Bernard Coqblin, former CNRS Directeur de Recherche and a Honorary Chairman of the AMS-APCTP Conference Localisation 2011, whose contribution to condensed matter theory will always be remembered.Table of ContentsWave Propagation and Localization via Quasi-Normal Modes and Transmission Eigenchannels (J Wang, Z Shi, M Davy and A Z Genack); Quantized Intrinsically Localized Modes: Localization Through Interaction (P S Riseborough); Aspects of Localization Across the 2D Superconductor - Insulator Transition (N Trivedi, Y L Loh, K Bouadim and M Randeria); The Spin Glass-Kondo Competition in Disordered Cerium Systems (S G Magalhaes, F Zimmer and B Coqblin); Transport via Classical Percolation at Quantum Hall Plateau Transitions (M Floser, S Florens and T Champel); Finite Size Scaling of the Chalker - Coddington Model (K Slevin and T Ohtsuki); Bulk and Edge Quasihole Tunneling Amplitudes in the Laughlin State (Z-X Hu, K H Lee and X Wan); "Rare" Fluctuation Effects in the Anderson Model of Localization (R N Bhatt and S Johri); Effect of Electron - Electron Interaction Near the Metal - Insulator Transition in Doped Semiconductors Studied within the Local Density Approximation (Y Harashima and K Slevin); Can Diffusion Model Localization in Open Media? (C-S Tian, S-K Cheung and Z-Q Zhang); Local Pseudogaps and Free Magnetic Moments at the Anderson Metal - Insulator Transition: Numerical Simulation Using Power-Law Band Random Matrices (I Varga, S Kettemann and E R Mucciolo); Finite Size Scaling of the Typical Density of States of Disordered Systems within the Kernel Polynomial Method (D Jung, G Czycholl and S Kettemann); Critical Exponent for the Quantum Spin Hall Transition in ℤ2 Network Model (K Kobayashi, T Ohtsuki and K Slevin); Disorder Induced BCS - BEC Crossover (A Khan); A Comparison of Harmonic Confinement and Disorder in inducing Localization Effects in a Superconductor (P Dey, A Khan, S Basu and B Tanatar); Quasi Two-Dimensional Nucleon Superfluidity Under Localization with Pion Condensation (T Takatsuka); Enhancement of Graphene Binding Energy by Ti 1ML Intercalation between Graphene and Metal Surfaces (T Kaneko and H Imamura); Generalization of Chiral Symmetry for Tilted Dirac Cones (T Kawarabayashi, Y Hatsugai, T Morimoto and H Aoki); Electronic States and Local Density of States Near Graphene Corner Edge (Y Shimomura, Y Takane and K Wakabayashi); Perfectly Conducting Channel and Its Robustness in Disordered Carbon Nanostructures (Y Ashitani, K-I Imura and Y Takane); Direction Dependence of Spin Relaxation in Confined Two-Dimensional Systems (P Wenk and S Kettemann); Analysis of Quantum Corrections to Conductivity and Thermopower in Graphene - Numerical and Analytical Approaches (A P Hinz, S Kettemann and E R Mucciolo); Indirect Exchange Interactions in Graphene (H Lee, E R Mucciolo, G Bouzerar and S Kettemann); Critical Exponents for Antiferromagnetic Spin Chains Obtained from Bosonisation (M Kossow, P Schupp and S Kettemann).

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Book SynopsisThe physics of strong light-matter coupling has been addressed in different scientific communities over the last three decades. Since the early eighties, atoms coupled to optical and microwave cavities have led to pioneering demonstrations of cavity quantum electrodynamics, Gedanken experiments, and building blocks for quantum information processing, for which the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded in 2012. In the framework of semiconducting devices, strong coupling has allowed investigations into the physics of Bose gases in solid-state environments, and the latter holds promise for exploiting light-matter interaction at the single-photon level in scalable architectures. More recently, impressive developments in the so-called superconducting circuit QED have opened another fundamental playground to revisit cavity quantum electrodynamics for practical and fundamental purposes.This book aims at developing the necessary interface between these communities, by providing future researchers with a robust conceptual, theoretical and experimental basis on strong light-matter coupling, both in the classical and in the quantum regimes. In addition, the emphasis is on new forefront research topics currently developed around the physics of strong light-matter interaction in the atomic and solid-state scenarios.Table of ContentsFundamental Lectures: Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics; Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics; Strong Coupling in Semi-Conductors; Quantum Open Systems; Advanced Lectures: Strong Coupling in Plasmonic Systems; Polaritons Bose Einstein Condensates; Experimental Circuit QED; Experimental Aspects of Quantum Dots Coupled to Cavities; Quantum Polaritonics.

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