Maritime history Books

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Book SynopsisThis book investigates how the rulers of the Habsburg world empire developed and implemented a central maritime policy for the Netherlands and appointed an admiral of the sea or admiral-general for that purpose. It also explains why the Habsburgs were eventually unable to gain control of the maritime affairs of the Netherlands, in spite of the support of the powerful Burgundian Lords of Veere, who occupied the central position of admiral from 1491 to 1558. From their power base on the island of Walcheren in Zeeland, known as the key to the Netherlands at the time because of its central location between Holland, Flanders, Antwerp and the sea, they held an ideal vantage point for exercising the admiralship. The result not only offers an illuminating insight into the organisation of the war fleet, maritime trade and fishery, privateering and prize law in the Habsburg Netherlands, but also puts the success of the later Dutch Republic in a new perspective.Trade Review"...a solid account of the Habsburg foundations on which the Dutch Admiralties were able to build." James D. Tracy, Bijdragen en Mededlingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden, 2005. "...nicht allein für diejenigen Historiker interessant, die sich mit der Geschichte der Seekriegsführung beschäftigen, sondern auch für diejenigen, die sich mit Prozessen der Staatsbildung befassen." M. van Tielhof, Hansische Geschichtsblätter, 2005. "…a major contribution to historical study…a distinguished demonstration of scholarship and a major contribution to the field of maritime history…" John B. Hattendorf, International Journal of Maritime History. "…important contribution to early modern maritime history…Highly recommended." G.D. Homan, Choice, 2005. "...fine work with a strong case for the lasting influence of Hapsburg policies in giving the Netherlands a wider worldview... this work is a real asset. It covers with meticulous care the diverse influences that created one of the great maritime powers in Europe...very successful in blending military concerns with those of general public policy and process." Charlie R. Steen, Renaissance Quarterly, Vol. LVIII, No. 2, 2005.Table of ContentsNotes on conventions List of Plates and Maps List of Tables and Figures Abbreviations Chronology Preface Introduction 1. Chronological and geographical limits 2. Historiography 3. Sources: une mer à boire 4. Points of departure Chapter One The seabound Netherlands Introduction 1. Flanders: origin of Admiralty 2. Holland: maritime power in Western Europe 3. Zeeland: power base of the Lords of Veere Conclusion Chapter Two Ordinances and admirals Introduction 1. The Ordinance on the Admiralty of 1488 2. Admirals and vice-admirals, 1488–1558 3. Holland’s attack on the Admiralty 4. The Ordinance on the Admiralty of 1540 Conclusion Chapter Three Defence of the fisheries Introduction 1. Fishery: proportions and changes 2. Defence of Flanders’ fishery, 1488–1547 3. Defence of Holland’s fishery, 1488–1547 4. Defence of Zeeland’s fishery, 1488–1547 5. Cooperation between the provinces, 1547–1558 Conclusion Chapter Four Commerce and dynasty Introduction 1. The route to the East: the offensive solution 2. The route to the West: the defensive solution 3. Protection of the routes to the East and to the West in 1557 Conclusion Chapter Five Strategy and dynasty Introduction 1. The Zuider Zee 2. Coastal defence 3. Passage between the Netherlands and Spain 4. England as a base and ally 5. Strategy and honour Conclusion Chapter Six Towards a permanent war fleet Introduction 1. Organisation and finance 2. The war fleet 3. The crew 4. Veere: naval base of the Habsburg Netherlands Conclusion Chapter Seven Privateering and Admiralty Introduction 1. Privateering 2. Admiralty 3. Order and discipline Conclusion Conclusion Glossary Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn War, Capital, and the Dutch State (1588-1795), Pepijn Brandon traces the interaction between state and capital in the organisation of warfare in the Dutch Republic from the Dutch Revolt of the sixteenth century to the Batavian Revolution of 1795. Combining deep theoretical insight with a thorough examination of original source material, ranging from the role of the Dutch East- and West-India Companies to the inner workings of the Amsterdam naval shipyard, and from state policy to the role of private intermediaries in military finance, Brandon provides a sweeping new interpretation of the rise and fall of the Dutch Republic as a hegemonic power within the early modern capitalist world-system. Winner of the 2014 D.J. Veegens prize, awarded by the Royal Holland Society of Sciences and Humanities. Shortlisted for the 2015 World Economic History Congress dissertation prize (early modern period).Trade Review"War, Capital, and the Dutch State (1588-1795) has the potential to become a highly influential book." - Dr. Gijs Rommelse, International Journal of Maritime History, 28(3):606-607. "For the moment, ... Brandon's work probably provides the last word on these issues, and the decision to publish it in English will hopefully secure for it the wide circulation that it undoubtedly deserves." - Dr. Aaron Graham, The Economic History Review, 69, 4 (2016):1389-1390. "How could the Dutch Republic that was so unlike the ideal of a powerful, centralized state play a crucial role for so long in the war-torn state-system of early-modern Europe? For Pepijn Brandon the explanation resides in the fact that it was a ‘federal-brokerage state’. Dutch state-makers continued to devolve power downwards towards local and provincial institutions rather than to create national administrative bodies and to favour brokerage over bureaucracy. They mediated between merchants oriented toward the world market and more local interest groups and could thus draw on the impressive resources of the Dutch economy. It was only late in the eighteenth century that internal limits of this parcellized state structure became patent. To show its major strengths and its finally emerging weaknesses the author provides a very lucid in-depth analysis of three areas of interaction between the state and capitalists in the organization of warfare. This groundbreaking book provides a fascinating and knowledgeable case-study of the actual interplay of three of the main driving forces in the history of the early modern era: capitalism, state-formation and war and has major implications for many general claims that have been made with regard to their history and the history of the Dutch Republic." - Prof. dr. Peer Vries, University of Vienna "This research clearly makes an important contribution to our thinking about warfare and state formation." — Christiaan van Bochove, in: Continuity and Change, 32/2 (2017): 289-291 “… the publisher should be commended for making this study available to a large English-speaking audience, which it certainly deserves. Brandon’s contribution is a type of economic history that has unfortunately fallen out of favor in recent decades, replaced by reams of cultural history, so one can only hope that this notable study will inspire similar social science research into the complex symbiosis of states and capital accumulation elsewhere. Every university’s history department should acquire a copy for its own library collection.” – Eric Mielants, in: Science & Society (2018) "Brandon’s study is not only well researched, it is highly convincing and will undoubtedly lead to a reconsideration of the forces at play in the development of the early modern state." - Donald J. Harreld, in: Renaissance Quarterly, Vol. LXX:3 (2017)Table of ContentsList of Charts and Tables Translations of Frequently Used Dutch Terms Note on Currency Introduction Dutch War-Making and State-Making: Three Solutions to a Riddle Typologies of the Early Modern State Form The Dutch Cycle of Accumulation The Federal-Brokerage State and its ‘Historic Bloc’ Content and Structure of the Book . Chapter 1 The Making of the Federal-Brokerage State 1.1 The Dutch Revolt and the Establishment of the State 1.2 Types of Brokerage 1: Merchant Warriors 1.3 Types of Brokerage 2: Merchants as Administrators 1.4 Types of Brokerage 3: Financial Intermediaries in Troop Payments 1.5 Political and Ideological Foundations of the Federal-Brokerage State Conclusions Chapter 2 Merchant Companies, Naval Power, and Trade Protection 2.1 The Naval Revolution and the Challenge to Dutch Trade 2.2 A Unified State Company for Colonial Trade? 2.3 The VOC and the Navy from Symbiosis to Division of Labour 2.4 The WIC between Private Trade and State Protection 2.5 European Commercial Directorates as Protection Lobbies 2.6 Protection Costs and Merchant Interests Conclusions Chapter 3 Production, Supply, and Labour Relations at the Naval Shipyards 3.1 Capitalist Rationality, Accounting, and the Naval Revolution 3.2 Personal Networks and Market Practices 3.3 Different Products, Different Systems of Supply 3.4 Naval Shipyards as Centres of Production 3.5 Shipyards and their Workforce 3.6 Admiralty Boards and the Labour Market 3.7 Combination, Coordination, and Control 3.8 Of Time, Theft, and Chips 3.9 Neptune’s Trident and Athena’s Gifts Conclusions Chapter 4 Troop Payments, Military Soliciting, and the World of Finance 4.1 From Disorder to Regulation 4.2 A Golden Age of Military Soliciting 4.3 Two Careers in Military Finance 4.4 The Daily Affairs of a Financial Middleman 4.5 Networks of Credit and Influence 4.6 Military Soliciting in the Age of Financialisation Conclusions Chapter 5 The Structural Crisis of the Federal-Brokerage State 5.1 The Rise and Limits of Reform Agendas 5.2 Warring Companies and the Debate over Free Trade 5.3 Admiralty Boards at the Centre of the Storm 5.4 From Citizens’ Militias to the Batavian Legion 5.5 The Afterlife of the Federal-Brokerage State Conclusions Conclusion Annex 1 Holland Members of the Amsterdam Admiralty Board Annex 2 Zeeland Members of the Zeeland Admiralty Board Annex 3 Income and Expenditure of the Amsterdam Admiralty: Steps from Figures in ‘Borderel’ to Reconstruction Sources and Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn Dutch Deltas, Werner Scheltjens examines the emergence, functions and structure of the Low Countries’ maritime transport system between ca. 1300 and 1850. Scheltjens introduces the delta as a suitable geographical unit of analysis for understanding the regional economic origins of communities of maritime transporters. The author proves that changes in maritime trade networks and in the structure of regional economies entailed a process of specialisation, which led to the emergence of ‘professional’ maritime transport communities and the development of an integrated maritime transport market with Amsterdam and Rotterdam as its main centres. Dutch Deltas offers the first comprehensive study of the economic geography of the Low Countries’ maritime transport sector and its long-term development between 1300 and 1850.Trade Review'[The book] is a valuable and original complement to the well-known discourse on Dutch involvement in early modern seaborne trade.' Tijl Vanneste (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne), in: Renaissance Quarterly, Volume LXX, No. 2, p. 745-747.Table of ContentsPreface ... vii List of Illustrations ... x List of Abbreviations ... xiv Introduction ... 1 Historiography ... 1 Deltas ... 8 Sources ... 11 Conversion ... 16 Name Matching ... 23 1 Locations ... 27 Overview ... 27 Rise and Fall ... 30 Before 1400 ... 31 1400–1500 ... 35 1500–1600 ... 41 1600–1700 ... 47 1700–1800 ... 58 Conclusions ... 64 2 Functions ... 66 Method ... 66 Transport Market Integration ... 72 The Port System of the Dutch Deltas in a European Context ... 83 Conclusions ... 89 3 Production ... 91 The Production of Grain Transport Services ... 91 The Spatial Structure of Grain Transport Services ... 107 Group 1 ... 112 Group 2 ... 118 Group 3 ... 122 Conclusions ... 129 4 Domiciles ... 131 Domicile Ambiguity ... 131 Virtual Migration ... 139 Conclusions ... 144 5 Usances ... 146 Conclusions ... 162 Appendices ... 169 Appendix to Chapter 1 ... 169 Appendix to Chapter 2 ... 224 Appendix to Chapter 3 ... 240 Appendix to Chapter 4: Domicile Ambiguity Matrix ... 290 Bibliography ... 301 Archives ... 301 Primary Sources ... 301 Secondary Literature ... 303 Index ... 318

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Book SynopsisIn Mediterranean Wooden Shipbuilding: Economy, Technology and Institutions in Syros in the Nineteenth Century Apostolos Delis analyses the wooden shipbuilding industry of the port of Syros, an important maritime and commercial crossroad in the nineteenth century eastern Mediterranean. The main axes of analysis are the economic, technical and institutional aspects of the industry in relation to the wider international context of shipping and trade. Based on unpublished archival sources, multi-language secondary literature and the employment of interdisciplinary theoretical tools Apostolos Delis not only highlights the national and international significance of Syros’ shipbuilding industry, but also contributes novel material to our knowledge of wooden shipbuilding in the Mediterranean.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements ... xi List of Illustrations ... xii Maps ... xvii Introduction ... 1 1 The City and the Maritime Centre ... 6 From a Refugee Settlement to a Port-City ... 6 The Character of the New Port-City ... 10 The Urban Area and Its Society ... 16 The Maritime Centre ... 25 2 Syros Shipbuilding: An Industry before Industrialization ... 36 The Shipbuilding Activity: Definition Issues ... 36 The Syros Shipbuilding Industry at the Domestic and International Levels ... 40 The Level of Shipbuilding Technology in the International Context ... 42 Factors of Rise of Syros Wooden Shipbuilding in the Nineteenth Century ... 44 The Search for the Competitive Advantage ... 46 Factors of Decline in the Syros Shipbuilding during the Nineteenth Century ... 50 The Role of Steam ... 50 The Role of the Markets ... 52 The Reallocation of Resources ... 53 The Transition to Steam: Continuities and Discontinuities ... 55 3 Production, Productivity, and Performance of the Shipbuilding Industry ... 57 Shipbuilding Cycles, Historical Conjuncture, and Productive Performance ... 57 Shipbuilding Industry and the Markets ... 57 Shipbuilding Industry of Syros and the Grain Trade: A Case of a Dependent Demand ... 60 Long Shipbuilding Cycles ... 63 Short Shipbuilding Cycles I (1838–61) ... 65 Short Shipbuilding Cycles II (1862–80) ... 68 International Comparison: Classification and Evaluation of Production Level ... 70 Repairs ... 74 The Economics of the Shipbuilding Industry ... 76 Cost of Production: Total Cost and Average Price ... 76 International Price Comparison ... 79 Individual Cost and Cost Structure ... 81 Revenue of the Shipbuilding Industry ... 85 Productivity of the Shipbuilding Industry ... 87 Average Tonnage ... 87 Delivery Time of Vessels ... 90 Capacity of Shipyards ... 91 General Performance of the Shipbuilding Industry on Syros ... 93 4 The Production Process ... 94 The Institutional Framework ... 94 Ship Construction, Institutional Process and Transaction Cost ... 94 The Shipbuilding Agreement ... 96 Variations in the Object of the Shipbuilding Agreement ... 100 Timber Quality Control Issues ... 103 Special Demands on Technical Issues ... 105 The Shipbuilding Timber Agreement ... 108 The Iron Components Agreement ... 110 The Property Document ... 111 The Four Types of Shipbuilding Product ... 112 Agency and Ownership ... 113 The Certificate of Construction ... 114 The Technical Process ... 114 Technology and Methods of Construction in Syros Shipyards ... 114 The Phases of Construction ... 117 The Skeleton ... 117 Keel, Stempost, Sternpost and Stern ... 118 The Frames ... 120 Longitudinal Fastening Elements ... 122 Vertical Fastening Elements ... 125 Covering of the Hull ... 127 The Ceiling ... 128 Decking and Bulwark ... 128 Planking ... 129 Subdivision of the Ship’s Hold ... 130 Superstructures ... 130 Ship’s Equipment ... 131 Caulking ... 133 Launching ... 133 Ship Types ... 134 Brig: The Barometer of Syros Shipbuilding Industry ... 142 5 The Demand: Shipowners and Investors ... 146 Geographic Origin and Ownership Distribution of Investors ... 147 Distribution per Number of Investors ... 147 Distribution of Investors per Tonnage Capacity ... 150 Distribution per Values of Ships ... 152 The Making of Shipping Knowhow of the Groups of Origin ... 155 The Hermoupolis Groups of Origin—The Psariots ... 155 The Chiots ... 157 The Outside Hermoupolis Groups of Origin-Andros ... 162 Hydra ... 163 Santorini ... 165 Mykonos ... 166 Spetses ... 167 The Ionians (Cephalonia and Ithaki) ... 169 The Occupational Groups of Investors ... 170 Most Important Individual Investors: A Socio-Economic Profile ... 173 Towards a Concentrated Ownership: Specialization and Shipowning ... 179 6 Factors of Production ... 182 Organization of Production ... 182 The Shipbuilding Enterprise ... 182 Structure and Characteristics of the Shipbuilding Enterprise in Syros in the Nineteenth Century ... 183 Shipbuilding Enterprises and Shipbuilders in Syros: Origin and Know-how ... 185 Productivity and Classification of Master Shipwrights and of Shipbuilding Enterprises ... 188 Shipbuilding Enterprises and Entrepreneurship—the Making of a Shipbuilding Elite ... 193 Koufoudakis Family ... 195 Pagidas Family ... 196 Maskas Family ... 198 Sehas Family ... 201 Krystallis Family ... 202 Potous Family ... 203 Cooperative Forms of Production—Partnerships of Shipbuilding Craftsmen ... 205 Labour ... 206 Specialization, Division of Labour and Hierarchy ... 206 Workforce Capacity and Wages ... 207 Capital ... 209 Land ... 210 The Old Shipbuilding Area ... 210 The New Shipbuilding Area ... 211 The Ship Repairing Zone ... 213 Auxiliary Trades-Raw Materials ... 214 Organization of Timber Trade ... 214 Charters Transportation ... 215 Sales ... 217 Metallurgy and Ironsmith Workshops ... 220 Other Shipbuilding Material and Maritime Stores ... 220 Conclusions ... 223 Appendices ... 227 Sources and Bibliography ... 295 Index ... 316

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Book SynopsisIn 1588, the Spanish Jesuit Pedro de Ribadeneyra published a history of the English Reformation, which he continued to revise until his death in 1611. Spencer J. Weinreich’s translation is the first English edition of the History, one fully alive to its metamorphoses over two decades. Weinreich’s introduction explores the text’s many dimensions—propaganda for the Spanish Armada, anti-Protestant polemic, Jesuit hagiography, consolation amid tribulation—and assesses Ribadeneyra as a historian. The extensive annotations anchor Ribadeneyra’s narrative in the historical record and reconstruct his sources, methods, and revisions. The History, long derided as mere propaganda, emerges as remarkable evidence of the centrality of historiography to the intellectual, theological, and political battles of early modern Europe.Trade Review“Weinreich’s handling of Ribadeneyra’s text(s) is exemplary. He provides an accurate, elegant, fluid translation […] a truly remarkable achievement.” Freddy C. Dominguez, University of Arkansas. In: Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu, Vol. 86, No. 171 (2017), pp. 219–221. “Weinreich’s translation of Ribadeneyra’s hefty work reads easily, and is footnoted throughout in helpful detail. There are several useful documents in the appendices and a biblical as well as a general index. At 110 pages Weinreich’s introductory essay is a short monograph in itself, full of insightful discussion. All in all, the volume represents a remarkable achievement on the part of a very early career scholar, and one hopes that it will be widely consulted and cited.” Peter Marshall, University of Warwick. In: The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, Vol. 70, No. 3 (July 2019), pp. 636–637. “In addition to a clear sense-for-sense translation that renders masterful early modern Spanish rhetorical flourishes into elegant English, Weinreich’s volume features a wide array of valuable critical tools. Its bibliography and set of notes are almost encyclopedic. […]. Weinreich’s volume is an essential resource not only for those wishing to study British Catholicism from a more global, transnational perspective, but also for those examining early modern European ecclesiastical histories.” Deborah Forteza, Grove City College. In: British Catholic History, Vol. 34, No 1 (May 2018), pp. 175–177. “The treatment of historical, biographical, and bibliographical context is extremely thorough, in both the introduction and the annotations. Weinreich’s diligence re-introduces an eloquent voice into the debate about late sixteenth-century European politics and religious history.” Victor Houliston, University of the Witwatersrand. In: The Catholic Historical Review, Vol. 104, No. 3 (Summer 2018), pp. 550–551. “Ribadeneyra could do no better than to be Englished by Weinreich, in a book that promises to transform our understanding of early modern religious history through one of its most learned, prodigious, and impassioned voices.” Sarah Covington, CUNY. In: Journal of Jesuit Studies, Vol. 5, No. 4 (2018), pp. 689–691. “Esta traducción se convertirá [...] en un texto de referencia para los estudios sobre la Reforma en el mundo académico anglosajón”. Javier Burguillo, Universidad de Salamanca. In: Studia Aurea, Vol. 12 (2018), pp. 357–372.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Bibliographic Abbreviations List of Textual Abbreviations List of Figures Introduction The Life and Times of Pedro de Ribadeneyra From De origine ac progressu to the Historia The Politics of History, the Politics of the Historia The Spanish Armada The Second Volume of the Historia A Textual History of the Historia The Historia and the Society of Jesus “O ladies, no ladies at all”: Gender and Power in the Historia A Modern Historian? La cisma de Inglaterra and the reception of the Historia Assessing the Historia Notes on the Translation The Ecclesiastical History of the Schism of the Kingdom of England To our lord, Prince Don Philip The author, to the pious Christian reader The argument of the present history, and the origins of the lamentable schism in England Book 1 Chapter 1: Of the marriage of the Princess Doña Catherine to Arthur, prince of England, and of the marriage she contracted after his death with his brother, Henry. Chapter 2: How King Henry VIII married the Princess Doña Catherine, and of the children born to them. Chapter 3a: The title of Defender of the Faith given King Henry by the Apostolic See, and the reason for this. Chapter 3: Of the dissimilar habits of the queen and the king. Chapter 4: Of the cardinal of York’s ambition, and of the advice he gave the king concerning his marriage. Chapter 5: Of the king’s actions concerning his marriage to the queen, and what the French ambassador proposed to dissolve it. Chapter 6: Of the other means Wolsey used to achieve his end, and of his journey to France. Chapter 7: Of Anne Boleyn, her disposition and abilities. Chapter 8: What Thomas Boleyn and the councilors said to the king concerning Anne Boleyn, and how he responded. Chapter 9: What Wolsey negotiated in France, and his return to England. Chapter 10: Of the other actions the king took, the troubles of his heart, and those of Wolsey’s. Chapter 11: Of the ambassadors the king sent to the pope, and of His Holiness’s decision in the matter of the divorce. Chapter 12: What the queen wrote to the pope, what His Holiness decreed, and certain private matters that came to pass in this affair. Chapter 13: How the matter of the divorce began to be legally considered, and of the appeal lodged by the queen. Chapter 14: What Rochester and other worthy persons said in the queen’s favor, and what Campeggio answered concerning the sentence. Chapter 15: The king pressures the legate, the pope remands the case to himself, and Wolsey is arrested. Chapter 16: Of the other methods the king used to give color to his wickedness, and of the results. Chapter 17: Of the threats the king made against the pope, and of the death of Wolsey. Chapter 18: How the king named Cranmer as archbishop of Canterbury, of his sinful life, and of how he deceived the pope. Chapter 19: The conference between the kings of England and France, and what they discussed. Chapter 20: The king’s first attack on the clergy of England. Chapter 21: How the king, against the pope’s mandate, secretly married Anne Boleyn. Chapter 22: Of Thomas Cromwell, and of the heretics who flooded the king’s court, and what they proposed against the churchmen. Chapter 23: What parliament decreed concerning the clergy, and the judgment Cranmer gave in the king’s favor. Chapter 24: What Christendom thought of the king’s marriage, and Pope Clement’s sentence against him. Chapter 25: What Henry did when he learned of the pope’s sentence. Chapter 26: Of the parliament convened to approve the king’s marriage and to destroy religion. Chapter 27: Of the inhuman persecution the king initiated against all religious. Chapter 28: Of the illustrious men Thomas More and John of Rochester, and of the latter’s martyrdom. Chapter 29: The martyrdom of Thomas More. Chapter 30a: Other details of the life and death of Thomas More. Chapter 30: The sentence of Pope Paul III against King Henry. Chapter 31: Henry despoils the monasteries, and impoverishes himself with their wealth. Chapter 32: What the queen wrote to her confessor, encouraging him in the face of death, and how he answered her. Chapter 33: The death of Queen Doña Catherine and the letter she wrote to the king. Chapter 34: The king sentences Anne Boleyn to a public death, and the reason for this. Chapter 35: The king’s marriage to Jane Seymour, the sessions of parliament, the disturbances that arose in the realm, and the birth of Edward. Chapter 36: Cardinal Pole’s arrival in Flanders, and the results thereof. Chapter 37: The king’s cruelty against the Franciscans, and the death of Father Brother John Forest. Chapter 38: Of Henry’s sacrilege against the tombs, relics, and images of the saints, and the pope’s judgment against him. Chapter 39: The assault on the monasteries of England, and the tyranny with which it was done. Chapter 40: The death of Whiting, abbot of Glastonbury; the end of the religious orders in England; and the beginnings of the Society of Jesus. Chapter 41: Henry marries Anne of Cleves, exalts Cromwell, and imposes new burdens on his kingdom. Chapter 42: The king tires of and divorces his wife, after having Cromwell put to death. Chapter 43: Of Catherine Howard, Henry’s fifth wife, and how, after ordering her put to death, he married Katherine Parr. Chapter 44: How Henry declared himself king of Ireland, and the right the kings of England had to call themselves its lords. Chapter 45: The poverty Henry found himself in after despoiling the churches, and the taxes he imposed on his kingdom. Chapter 46: The king’s cruelty, and how the Lord punished his ministers for their sins. Chapter 47: The king’s last illness and death, and the provisions of his will. Chapter 48: Of Henry’s natural gifts and character. Chapter 49: How God punished King Henry through his own sins. Book 2 Chapter 1: How King Henry’s testament was disregarded, and how the earl of Hertford became protector of the realm. Chapter 2: The means the protector employed to pervert the faith of the boy king and that of the kingdom. Chapter 3: What parliament enacted against our sacred religion. Chapter 4: The Catholics’ sentiments, and the weakness they showed. Chapter 5: The Princess Doña Mary’s constancy in the Catholic faith, and the methods the heretics employed to separate her from it. Chapter 6: How the regents attempted to uproot the Catholic faith. Chapter 7: The things that happened to check the heretics. Chapter 8: How the protector killed his brother, and how he was overthrown and slain by the earl of Warwick. Chapter 9: The ambition of the earl of Warwick, who named himself duke of Northumberland; the death of King Edward and the succession of Queen Mary. Chapter 10: How the dukes of Northumberland and Suffolk proclaimed Jane queen of England, and what befell them. Chapter 11: What Queen Mary did on taking possession of the kingdom. Chapter 12: How the pope, at the queen’s entreaty, sent Cardinal Pole to England as his legate. Chapter 13: How the queen negotiated a marriage with the prince of Spain, and of the disturbances this provoked in the kingdom, and how they were quelled. Chapter 14: Of the devilish trick utilized by the heretics to interfere with the queen’s marriage to the prince of Spain. Chapter 15: How the queen’s marriage to King Don Philip took place, and with it the reconciliation of the realm with the Apostolic See. Chapter 16: The impediments to this reconciliation, and how they were resolved. Chapter 17: How the false bishops were punished, and Cranmer, primate of England, was burned. Chapter 18: How the universities were reformed, and our sacred religion flourished. Chapter 19: The death of Queen Mary. Chapter 20: Of the virtues of Queen Doña Mary. Chapter 21: How Queen Elizabeth’s reign began, and how the king of France considered her unfit to rule. Chapter 22: How the queen subsequently revealed herself as an enemy of Catholicism, and what she did to destroy it. Chapter 23: The parliament convened by the queen, and how she made it decide as she desired. Chapter 24: How the queen named herself supreme governor of the Church, and of the laws enacted about this. Chapter 25: The persecution initiated against the Catholics for refusing to recognize the queen as head of the Church. Chapter 26: The form the queen provided for church governance. Chapter 27: The means the pope and other Christian monarchs took to recall the queen, and the sentence Pope Pius V rendered against her. Chapter 28: What ensued from the bull’s publication in England. Chapter 29: The establishment of the English seminaries in Rheims and Rome, and their fruits. Chapter 30: The entry of the fathers of the Society of Jesus into England. Chapter 31: The harsh laws the queen enacted against the fathers of the Society of Jesus and the other Catholic priests. Chapter 32: Of the life, imprisonment, and martyrdom of Father Edmund Campion of the Society of Jesus. Chapter 33: Of the other martyrs and persecuted Catholics. Chapter 34: How the queen and her ministers claimed that the holy martyrs did not die for the sake of religion, but rather for other crimes. Chapter 35: The means the heretics employed to spin out their lies and make them seem like truth. Chapter 36: Various marvels that God has worked for the glory of the martyrs of England. Chapter 37: The martyrologies and calendars the heretics produced in England. Chapter 38: The false mercy the queen showed certain priests in banishing them from the kingdom. Chapter 39: The methods the queen has used to unsettle neighboring countries. Chapter 40: The imprisonment and death of Queen Mary of Scotland. Chapter 41: The happiness that the English heretics preach concerning their kingdom. The conclusion to this work. The third book of the ecclesiastical history of the schism of England To our lord the prince, Don Philip. To the benign and pious reader. Chapter 1: The edict passed against the Catholics by the advice of the earl of Leicester, and of his death, and that of several servants of God. Chapter 2: The falls of two Catholics, and what the Lord worked through them. Chapter 3: The martyrdom in Oxford of two priests and two Catholic laymen. Chapter 4: Further martyrs who died in London. Chapter 5: The death of Francis Walsingham, the queen’s secretary. Chapter 6: Of the crosses that appeared in England. Chapter 7: The arrival in England of several priests from the English seminary at Valladolid, and what came of this. Chapter 8: Of three false Puritan prophets who appeared in England. Chapter 9: The death of Christopher Hatton, chancellor of the realm. Chapter 10: The edict the queen proclaimed against priests and Catholics, and their deaths. Chapter 11: Of several prominent women who lost their wealth, honors, and lives for the Catholic faith. Chapter 12: The heretics seize four young brothers for their faith, and are left humiliated. Chapter 13: How the English heretics accuse the Catholics of being sorcerers. Chapter 14: The benefit the Catholics have derived from this persecution. Chapter 15: Why the Catholics of England refuse to attend the heretics’ synagogues or to recognize the queen as head of its church. Chapter 16a: The edict the queen promulgated against our sacred religion, and against the pope, and the Catholic King, who defend it. Chapter 16b: What is contained in the edict the queen promulgated against our sacred religion. Chapter 17: That this edict is sacrilegious and blasphemous against God. Chapter 18: The war in France, which the edict calls utterly unjust. Chapter 19: Of the English seminaries that have been established for the benefit of the kingdom of England. Chapter 20: How the heretics of England criticize the pope for the English seminaries he supports, while the new Christians of Japan thank him for having done the same in their land. Chapter 21: The qualities those entering the seminaries are to have, and the oath they take, and the things they do while there. Chapter 22: The spirit and manner in which these young men return to England. Chapter 23: How the seminarians return to England, and what they do there. Chapter 24: The edict’s cruelty against the seminarians and the Jesuits. Chapter 25: How false it is that none die in England for the sake of religion, as the edict claims. Chapter 26: The edict’s proofs that no one dies in England for reasons of religion. Chapter 27: That this edict is oppressive and intolerable to the entire kingdom of England. Chapter 28: Why they publish such false and damaging edicts. Chapter 29: What the instigators of this persecution ought to consider. Chapter 30: What ought to inspire the seminary priests and the other Catholics in this conquest. Chapter 31: A continuation of the preceding chapter, and an exposition of three particular reasons that may further inspire the martyrs. Chapter 32: Why God allows the English Catholics to be so persecuted. To the pious reader. A brief account of the martyrs who have departed the English colleges and seminaries at Rome and Rheims in France, and suffered in England in defense of the Catholic faith. Appendix I: The exhortation to the Armada A. Ribadeneyra’s letter to Doña Ana Félix de Guzmán, countess of Ricla and marchioness of Camarasa, c. May 1588. B. An exhortation to the soldiers and officers who embark upon this expedition to England, in the name of their captain-general. Appendix II: Ribadeneyra’s letter-memorial on the causes of the Armada’s failure (probably to Juan de Idiáquez y Olazábal). Appendix III: Luis de Granada on the Historia. Appendix IV: John Cecil’s letter to Joseph Cresswell, September 20, 1591. Appendix V: Manzano’s Breve catalogo. Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisFocusing on the hybrid maritime world of Hong Kong, Pearl River Delta and West River in the last two decades of the late Qing period, this work tells a vivid trading and competition story of previously unknown private Chinese traders and junk masters. This challenges the prevailing view of the domination of China’s maritime trade by modern foreign steamships. Making use of unpublished Kowloon Maritime Customs and British diplomatic records in the late 19th and early 20th century, Henry Sze Hang Choi convincingly shows how these private Chinese traders flexibly adopted to the foreign-dominated maritime customs agencies and treaty port system in defending their Chinese homeland stronghold against the invasion of foreign economic power.Table of ContentsContents Preface List of Maps, Illustrations, Tables and Diagrams Notes on English Spelling of Chinese Place Names Conversion Table of Currency 1 Introduction 2 Chinese Junks and Foreign Steamships in Canton River Delta  2.1 What were Chinese Junks?  2.2 Cost Differences between Junks, Steamships and Railway  2.3 The Maritime Trade of Canton River Delta and Hong Kong  2.4 Conclusion 3 The West River  3.1 The Survey Trips of the West River before Its Opening  3.2 James Legge’s Trip of the West River  3.3 Tourist Tours in Canton and the West River  3.4 The Unsolved Difficulties for Foreign Commercial Travelers  3.5 The Question of Inland Steam Navigation on the West River  3.6 The West River Trade  3.7 Conclusion 4 Hybrid Chinese Shipping: Foreign-Flagged Chinese Junks and Chinese Steam Tugs  4.1 The Establishment of the Kowloon Customs and the Regulation of Chinese Junks from 1887  4.2 The Problem of Foreign-Flagged Chinese Junks before the Mackay Treaty  4.3 The Mackay Treaty of 1902  4.4 The Continuous Plying of Foreign-Flagged Junks between Hong Kong and Canton after the Mackay Treaty  4.5 Foreign-Flagged Steamers in Chinese Waters  4.6 The Problems of Chinese Steam Launches and Steam Tugs  4.7 Case Study: Tai Li Steam Launch  4.8 Conclusion 5 Piracy and Shipping Strategies on the West River  5.1 Piracy on the West River  5.2 Measures to Suppress Piracy on the West River  5.3 The Case of S.S. Sainam Piracy  5.4 Conclusion 6 Epilogue: Years after 1910 Appendices A Revised Inland Steam Navigation Regulations, 1898 B The Excerpt of the Mackay Treaty, 1902 C Schedule A of Chinese Passengers Act of 1855 D Prospectus and Regulations of the Swatow Ch’ao-yang and Kit-yang Steam Launch Company Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn British shipping in the Mediterranean Katerina Galani investigates the impact of the French and Napoleonic wars on British maritime economic activity. Due to the close cooperation of the public and private sector at sea, the British adopted flexible business strategies to mitigate economic warfare and sustain shipping and trade in the Mediterranean. The book offers a comprehensive approach by combining the study of international relations, ports, ships, business organisation, deep-sea voyages and intra-Mediterranean navigation. Katerina Galani conceptualises the Mediterranean as an economic entity and she insightfully examines, for the first time, free traders along with the chartered Levant Company. Her analysis draws upon a unique collection of British and Mediterranean sources to construct a multifaceted view of British maritime activity.Trade Review'[...] the sources for this book, and how they are employed, are a major strength, which alone renders the volume an essential addition to the study of merchant shipping within the Mediterranean Sea. Galani uses primary evidence from a variety of British, Greek and Italian archives, supplemented by and integrated with the relevant secondary literature. This is an important step forward in a revision of our understanding of British trade and the development of regional merchant shipping in the Mediterranean, in the era of transition to modern shipping business through the later eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It is written for an academic audience and will be of interest not only to maritime historians but also to those studying economic, transportation, and social history.' Thomas Malcomson, in: The Mariner's Mirror, 104:2 (2018), 235-237. 'Among the recent works on the British in the Mediterranean, Katerina Galani’s is possibly one of the most enjoyable. [...] a work that is a pleasure to read, with a very clear writing style and swift prose. [...] the book is appealing for a wide range of interests, from imperial to global history, from economic to social history, and to economic geography. It provides food for thought for future research into the maritime and economic history of the Mediterranean [...]. I agree with the author that this work will become a springboard for future research on the Mediterranean, as she enriches recent historiography that revaluates the role of the region in the modern history of trade. She highlights how the Mediterranean was always of crucial importance for understanding British imperial power as we know it. I cannot but agree that the Mediterranean should be given more attention in the historiography, particularly as there is a need constantly to remind ourselves of the primary role played by old and established markets in strengthening the British economy and the nation’s power. This book conveys a powerful message and I would recommend it to advocates of a future global Britain.' Giada Pizzonie, University of Warwick, in: Economic History Review, 71, 4 (2018), 1418-1419.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Illustrations List of Abbreviations Note on Names of Places 1 Introduction  The “Extended Mediterranean” in the 19th Century  Structure of the book 2 The End of the ‘Long 18th Century’ in the Mediterranean: An Overview  Introduction  The Mediterranean and the British Empire  The Actors: The British  Navigating the Mediterranean: The Market Scope  The Co-actors: Foreign and Local Carriers  Conclusion 3 Charting British Sea Routes in the Mediterranean  Introduction  Lloyd’s List as a Historical Source  Some Methodological Remarks  The Evidence on British Shipping  An Increase in Shipping: Causality and Interpretations 4 British Shipping on the Micro-Scale: From Long-Distance to Short-Distance Hauls  Introduction  British Shipping at the Port of Livorno  Sea Routes: Livorno’s Involvement in Intra-Mediterranean Hauls  Between Grand Traffic and Short-Distance Shipping: The Passengers  Conclusion 5 An Age of Transition for British Shipping: Institutional and Organisational Shifts  Introduction  Shipping in the Early Modern Era  Institutional Changes: A Step towards the Systematisation of the Industry  Changes in Everyday Business: Specialisation  Conclusion 6 How Profitable a Business was it After All?  Introduction  Earnings  The Cost of Shipping  The Ship  The Organisation of Shipping  The Crew  Conclusion 7 Levant Company: The Institutional Branch of British Shipping in the Levant  Introduction  The Levant Company: Its Operation  The State of the Company’s Shipping and Trade in the Late 18th Century  Free Traders and the Monopolistic Company  Conclusion 8 Conclusion Appendices Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisSince 1736, Hamburg’s price current consistently listed the marine insurance premiums of the Hanseatic Town as well as of many other European ports. Based on the long-term analysis of these quotations over the course of about 120 years, this book sheds light on the factors of influence (such as weather conditions, wars and piracy, to name a few) which interfered with European and intercontinental maritime trade. The cause of the long-term decline of premium rates and, by extension also of transaction costs is understood as a consequence of both the restoration of security on the high seas after the Napoleonic Wars and the elimination of the last nests of piracy around 1830.

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Book SynopsisThis study traces the chequered history of Peter von Danzig, a French caravel which was inadvertently taken over by Gdańsk (Danzig). Beata Możejko charts the fluctuating and often dramatic fortunes of the caravel, from her arrival in Gdańsk as a merchantman in 1462 to her demise near La Rochelle in 1475. The author examines the caravel’s role as a warship during the Anglo-Hanseatic conflict, and her most famous operation, when she was used by Gdańsk privateer Paul Beneke to capture a Burgundian galley with a rich cargo that included Hans Memling’s Last Judgement triptych. Using literary and archival sources, Możejko provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of the information available about the caravel and her colourful career.Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgments List of Maps, Illustrations and Tables List of Abbreviationsxi Introduction  1Subject Matter and Current State of Research  2Caravel or Carrack?  3Further Reading  4Sources  1Pierre de la Rochelle – the Fortunes of the Ship and Her Crew in Gdańsk  2The Caravel Peter von Danzig under the Command of Berndt Pawest  3Under the Command of Paul Beneke  1In Hamburg: New Owners  2Galleys  3The Raid  4Initial Repercussions  5The Final Act Epilogue Conclusion Bibliography  Archival Sources  Printed Sources  Secondary Works  Index Modern Author

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Book SynopsisIn the Name of the Battle against Piracy discusses antipiracy campaigns in Europe and Asia in the 16th-19th centuries. Nine contributors argue how important antipiracy campaigns were for the establishment of a (colonial) state, because piracy was a threat not only to maritime commerce, but also to its sovereignty. 'Battle against piracy' offered a good reason for a state to claim its authority as the sole protector of people, and to establish peace, order, and sovereignty. In fact, as the contributors explain, the story was not that simple, because states sometimes attempted to make economic and political use of piracy, while private interests were strongly involved in antipiracy politics. State formation processes were not clearly separated from non-state elements. Contributors are: Kudo Akihito, Satsuma Shinsuke, Suzuki Hideaki, Lakshmi Sabramanian, Ota Atsushi, James Francis Warren, Fujita Tatsuo, Murakami Ei, and Toyooka Yasufumi.Table of ContentsContents General Series Editor’s Preface  George Bryan Souza Acknowledgments  Ota Atsushi Notes on Contributors List of Illustrations Introduction  Ota Atsushi Part 1: From Co-existence to Prohibition: Maritime Violence in Europe 1 Privateers in the Early-Modern Mediterranean: Violence, Diplomacy and Commerce in the Maghrib, c. 1600-1830  Kudo Akihito and Ota Atsushi 2 Plunder and Free Trade: British Privateering and Its Abolition in 1856 in Global Perspective  Satsuma Shinsuke Part 2: Contingent Developments in Antipiracy Politics in the Asian Seas 3 The Making of the ‘Joasmee’ Pirates: A Relativist Reconsideration of the Qawāsimi Piracy in the Persian Gulf  Hideaki Suzuki 4 Petitions and Predation: The Politics of Representation in Northwest India at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century  Lakshmi Subramanian 5 Trade, Piracy, and Sovereignty: Changing Perceptions of Piracy and Dutch Colonial State-Building in Malay Waters, ca. 1780–1830  Ota Atsushi 6 In the Name of Sovereignty: Spain’s Tackling of ‘Moro’ Piracy in the Sulu Zone, 1768–1898  James Francis Warren Part 3: Piracy and State in East Asia 7 Piracy Prohibition Edicts and the Establishment of Maritime Control System in Japan, c. 1585–1640  Fujita Tatsuo (translated by Ota Atsushi) 8 The Suppression of Pirates in the China Seas by the Naval Forces of China, Macao, and Britain (1780–1860)  Toyooka Yasufumi and Murakami Ei Conclusion  Ota Atsushi Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisFamagusta Maritima: Mariners, Merchants, Pilgrims and Mercenaries presents a collection of scholarly studies spanning the thousand year history of the port of Famagusta in Cyprus. This historic harbour city was at the heart of the Crusading Lusignan dynasty, a possession of both Genoa and Venice during the Renaissance, a port of the Ottoman Empire for three centuries, and in time, a strategic naval and intelligence node for the British Empire. It is a maritime space made famous by the realities of its extraordinary importance and influence, followed by its calamitous demise. Contributors are: Michele Bacci, Lucie Bonato, Tomasz Borowski, Mike Carr, Pierre-Vincent Claverie, Dragos Cosmescu, Nicholas Coureas, Marko Kiessel, Antonio Musarra, William Spates, Asu Tozan, Ahmet Usta, and Michael Walsh.Trade Review"This richly illustrated collection opens new perspectives on an old city, and the relationships between ports, islands, economic and geopolitical power". Andrew Lambert, in The Journal of Historical Association, 2020.

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Book SynopsisEarly modern trade and shipping through the Danish Sound has attracted the interest of many historians since a long time. A prominent reason for this is that the route via the Sound connected Europe’s main economies with the economically important Baltic Sea region. The other reason why trade and shipping through the Sound attracted the attention of so many scholars is the fact that they are so very well documented by the Sound Toll Registers (STR): the records of the toll levied by the king of Denmark on the passage of ships through the Sound. Although the Sound Toll Registers have always been widely known as crucial, their sheer volume and detail make them virtually impossible to handle. To make the STR fully and quickly accessible to researchers, the online database Sound Toll Registers Online (STRO) has been called into existence. Since 2010, STRO has been becoming gradually available. The articles collected in this volume are examples of the kind of research that can be done with STRO, how it boosts the writing of the history of European maritime transport and trade, and how its use contributes to our knowledge of that history. Contributors are: Loïc Charles, Ana Crespo Solana, Guillaume Daudin, Maarten Draper, Jari Eloranta, Katerina Galani, Lauri Karvonen, Yuta Kikuchi, Sven Lilja, Maria Cristina Moreira, Jari Ojala, Pierrick Pourchasse, Magnus Ressel, Klas Rönnbäck, Werner Scheltjens, Siem van der Woude, Jerem van Duijl, and Jan Willem Veluwenkamp.Trade Review"[...] es sich um einen gelungenen Band, der zeigt, wie fruchtbar die Überführung serieller Quellenbestände in Datenbanken für die Wirtschaftsgeschichte ist, zugleich aber auch demonstriert, wie sehr die Arbeit mit solchen Ressourcen der quellenkritischen Einordnung und einer durchdachten und durchaus auch kreativen Methodik bedarf." - Patrick Schmidt, in: Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung

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Book SynopsisPre-modern long-distance trade was fraught with risks which often created conflicts of interest. The ensuing disputes and the ways the actors involved dealt with them belong to the field of conflict management. How did victims of maritime conflicts claim compensation? How did individual actors and public institutions negotiate disputes which transcended jurisdictional boundaries? What strategies, arrangements and agreements could contribute to achieve the resolution of such conflicts, and to what effect? These and other questions have mainly been studied separately for the Mediterranean and Atlantic regions. Here, the two seascapes are connected, allowing for a comparative long-term perspective. The different contributions enhance our understanding in the complexity of various approaches to conflict management. Thierry Allain, Cátia Antunes, Eduardo Aznar Vallejo, Catarina Cotic Belloube, Kate Ekama, Tiago Viúla de Faria, Ana Belem Fernández Castro, Jessica Goldberg, Roberto J. González Zalacain, Ian Peter Grohse, Thomas K. Heebøll-Holm, Laurence Jean-Marie, Daphne Penna, Pierrick Pourchasse, Pierre Prétou, Ana María Rivera Medina, Carlo Taviani, and Dominique Valérian.Trade Review"Das Werk bildet damit inh ervorragender Weiseden State of the Art eines Themas ab, das in den letzten Jahren intensiv bearbeitet wurde, was es zu einem Band macht, um den man künftig nicht herumkommen wird, wenn man sich mit maritimen Konflikten im Atlantik- und Mittelmeerraum befasst." Philipp Höhn, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg in: Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung (ZHF) Volume 49, Issue 3 (2022).Table of Contents Acknowledgements  List of Abbreviations  List of Tables  Notes on Contributors  Introduction: Flotsam and Jetsam in the Historiography of Maritime Trade and Conflicts   Louis Sicking and Alain Wijffels 1 The Courts, the Qadi, and the ‘People’: Resolving Mercantile Disputes in the Medieval Islamic Mediterranean   Jessica Goldberg 2 Finders Keepers, Losers Weepers? Byzantine Shipwreck and Salvage in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries   Daphne Penna 3 Bjarkeyjarréttr and Fárrmanna Logh: Norse or European Laws of the Sea?   Ian Peter Grohse 4 Du conflit aux conflits : marchands et gens de mer lors de la rupture de trêve en 1224 entre les rois anglais et français   Laurence Jean-Marie 5 Maritime Conflicts and Their Resolution in Castile in the Thirteenth through the Fifteenth Centuries  Eduardo Aznar Vallejo and Roberto J. González Zalacain 6 Maritime Conflicts and Larceny in the Bay of Biscay from the Fourteenth to the Sixteenth Centuries  Ana María Rivera Medina 7 Lutte contre la piraterie et construction de normes partagées entre chrétiens et musulmans en Méditerranée médiévale  Dominique Valérian 8 Towards a Criminalisation of Piracy in Late Medieval England  Thomas K. Heebøll-Holm 9 L’émergence du pirate atlantique dans le royaume de France à la fin du Moyen ge  Pierre Prétou 10 Maritime Conflict among Hundred Years’ War Allies  Tiago Viúla de Faria 11 In the Shadow of Other Empires: Genoese Merchant Networks and Their Conflicts across the Atlantic Ocean, ca. 1450–1530  Carlo Taviani 12 Handling Conflicts in Long-Distance Trade: A View of the Mediterranean through the Experience of Merchants Operating in the Kingdom of Valencia in the Late Sixteenth-Century   Ana Belem Fernández Castro 13 Mediterranean and Atlantic Maritime Conflict Resolution: Critical Insights into Geographies of Conflict in the Early Modern Period   Cátia Antunes and Kate Ekama 14 The Commercial Practices of Portuguese Jewish Merchants in London and Their Dispute with Samuel Hayne, Riding-Surveyor for his Majesty’sCustoms, 1680   Catarina Cotic Belloube 15 When the War Came to Barbary: Dutch Traders and the Management of Their Entry into Conflict with Algiers, 1755–1757   Thierry Allain 16 Les conflits permanents entre corsaires et neutres: L’exemple de la France et du Danemark au XVIIe siècle   Pierrick Pourchasse  Index of names of persons

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Book SynopsisThe development of the Spanish Navy in the early modern Mediterranean triggered a change in the balance of political and economic power for the coastal populations of the Hispanic Monarchy. The establishment of new permanent squadrons, endowed with very broad jurisdictional powers, was the cause of many conflicts with the local authorities and had a direct influence on the economic and production activities of the region. Manuel Lomas analyzes the progressive consolidation of these institutions in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, their influence on the mechanisms of justice and commerce, and how they contributed to the reconfiguration of the jurisdictional system that governed the maritime trade in the Mediterranean.Table of ContentsAbbreviations, Coinage, Weights, and Measures Introduction 1 Galleys on the Coast!  1 The Jurisdiction of the Galleys   1.1 Continuity and Change under the Catholic Monarchs   1.2 Culmination of the Process: from Andrea Doria to Don John of Austria   1.3 The System in Its Maturity: from the Conquest of Portugal to the Thirty Years’ War  2 Galleys and Ports: Profiles of a Complex Relationship   2.1 The Galleys: a Vehicle for Concord   2.2 “That Is Spain’s Flagship, and This Is the Pope’s Fortress”   2.3 Soldiers, Sailors, and Townspeople  3 Between Naval Tradition and Military Innovation   3.1 Galley Ordinances and Corsair Customs   3.2 Convergence with the Tradition of Military Privileges   3.3 Roman Law and Experience: the Introduction of Auditores into the Galleys   3.4 The Galleys’ Jurisdictional Supremacy 2 Captures, Commerce, and Corruption  1 Prizes, Embargoes, and the Audiencia de las Galeras   1.1 Ship Capture and Its Benefits to Crews   1.2 Acquisition of Slaves   1.3 The Audiencia de las Galeras and Embargoes  2 Cross-Cultural Trade and Control of Smuggling   2.1 Between Religious War and Collaboration: the Action of Tunis, 1609   2.2 Profiles of a Cross-Cultural Trade: Ransoms   2.3 Purchase of North African Wheat and Control of Maritime Trade  3 Legitimate Trade and Fraud in the Galleys   3.1 Smuggling in the Galleys   3.2 The Visit of 1591   3.3 The Galleys of Spain and El Puerto de Santa María 3 Resistance, Consensus, and Solidarity  1 Escapes and Mutinies   1.1 Escapees   1.2 Mutineers  2 Internal Justice, Mercy, and Solidarity in the Galleys   2.1 The Captain General’s Mediation and Mercy   2.2 Auditores, Inspectors, and Other Officials   2.3 Solidarity among Soldiers, Sailors, and Rowers  3 Religious Belief   3.1 Catholic Belief   3.2 Vice among the Crews   3.3 Captains General and the Inquisition Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn Navigating History: Economy, Society, Knowledge, and Nature the contributors present new research that touches on the core themes developed in Karel Davids’s work. Major themes include resources of knowledge, cultures of learning, and humans and their natural environment. Together, these fourteen essays provide a fascinating panorama of social, economic, and environmental history of the past millennium.Table of ContentsPreface  Pepijn Brandon, Sabine Go, and Wybren Verstegen List of Illustrations List of Contributors Introduction: Davids and Goliath: How Books Helped to Combat Historians’ Adversaries  Marjolein Hart’t and Jan Lucassen Section 1: Resources of Knowledge, Cultures of Learning 1 Religion, Culture and the Great Enrichment  Joel Mokyr 2 Wandering about the Learning Market: Early Modern Apprenticeship in Antwerp Gold- and Silversmith Ateliers  Bert De Munck and Raoul De Kerf 3 Educating World Citizens: The Rise of International Education in the Twenty-first Century  Pál Nyiri Section 2: Institutions for a Global Economy 4 A Changing Landscape: Institutions and Institutional Change in the Dutch Economy  Jeroen Touwen 5 Social Partnership in the Northern Netherlands (1985-?)  Marijn Molema Section 3: Chasing Whales, Crossing Oceans 5 Zaanse Jonas: Zaan Whaling and Shipbuilding in the Seventeenth Century  Victor Enthoven 7 Keeping Risk at Bay: Risk Management and Insurance in Eighteenth-century Dutch Whaling  Sabine Go and Jaap Bruijn 8 Figuring Out Global and Local Relations: Cantonese Face-makers and their Sitters in the 18th Century  Joost C.A. Schokkenbroek Section 4: Chains of Profit, Chains of Labour 9 Chasing the Delfland: Slave Revolts, Enslavement, and (Private) voc Networks in Early Modern Asia  Matthias van Rossum 10 “With the Power of Language and the Force of Reason”: An Amsterdam Banker’s Fight for Slave Owners’ Compensation  Pepijn Brandon and Karin Lurvink 11 Up and Down the Chain: Sugar Refiners’ Responses to Changing Food Regimes  Ulbe Bosma Section 5: Humans and their Natural Environment 12 Enlightened Ideas in Commemoration Books of the 1825 Zuiderzee Flood in the Netherlands  Petra J.E.M. van Dam and Harm Pieters 13 Secret and Stillborn: A Dutch Fiscal Bill from 1947 to Protect Both Nature and Monuments on Dutch Estates  Wybren Verstegen 14 Birds in Texel in 1910 and the Shifting Baseline Syndrome  Jan Luiten van Zanden List of Publications of Karel Davids 1973–2017 List of Doctoral Theses Supervised by Karel Davids (1997-May 2018) Index of Names and Geographic Locations

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Book SynopsisSnow in the Tropics by Thomas Taro Lennerfors and Peter Birch offers the first comprehensive history of the independent reefer operators. These shipping companies, such as Lauritzen, Salén, Seatrade, Star Reefers, and NYK Reefer, developed the dedicated transport of refrigerated products like meat, fish, and fruit by ship, from the early 20th century to the present. Snow in the Tropics describes how the history of the reefer operators has been formed in relation to shippers, such as Dole and Chiquita, in a constant struggle with the liner companies, such as Maersk, and in relation to global economic and political trends. It also covers how the industry is discursively constructed and the psychological drivers of the business decisions in it.Table of ContentsContents Acknowledgements List of Illustrations List of Respondents Part 1: Introduction 1 Tropics in the Snow: an Introduction  1 The Cold Chain  2 Maritime Reefer Shipping  3 Aim, Preliminary Research Question, and Potential Contributions  4 Independent Reefer Operators and Their Customers and Suppliers  5 Implications of the Industrial Landscape for the Study of Strategy  6 Three Theoretical Dimensions of Business Activity  7 The Structure of the Book 2 The Reefer Industry in a Historical Context  1 The Beginnings: Meat, Bananas and Fish  2 1920s, 1930s, and into the 1940s  3 The 1950s and 1960s  4 The 1970s and 1980s  5 1990s to the Present  6 Summary Part 2: The Independent Reefer Operators 3 Salénrederierna  1 A Fruitful Relationship  2 The Transatlantic Trade  3 The Route to Global Leadership  4 Salén Reefer Services on the Top of the World  5 A Market Downturn and Some New Players on the Reefer Scene  6 Palletisation and Maximal Flexibility  7 Summary 4 Cool Carriers  1 Perfresh  2 Bilspedition as Owner: Ship Investments and the Golden 90s that Never Came  3 Höegh and the Others: Broadened Market Presence with Limited Investments  4 Summary 5 J. Lauritzen  1 Mediterranean Adventures  2 Worldwide Growth  3 Rebuilding the Fleet after the Second World War  4 Lauritzen Peninsular Reefers 1970-1983: the Shark’s Teeth  5 From Beautiful to Economical Ships: the Entry of the ULRCs  6 The Family Class and the Weak 1990s  7 LauritzenCool: Two Market Leaders Become One  8 Armada’s New Reefer Venture  9 Summary 6 Seatrade  1 The Management Buy-Out  2 Argentina and the Atlantic Fish Trade  3 The Newbuilding Programme  4 The Seatrade Pool  5 Dammers & Van der Heide  6 Integrating Dammers into Seatrade  7 Internationalizing the Operations  8 In the Turbulent Market of the New Millennium  9 New Partnerships: GreenSea Chartering and Joint Ventures  10 Newbuildings and Reefer-Containerships  11 Green Reefers  12 Summary 7 Japanese Specialized Reefer Companies  1 Japanese Fisheries  2 The Japanese Shipping Companies: NYK and the Others  3 Summary 8 From Blue Star Line to Star Reefers  1 Entry into Specialized Reefers  2 Swan Reefer  3 Star Reefers  4 Summary 9 Laskaridis and the Hamburg Reefer Cluster  1 Hamburg Sud and the Hamburg Reefer Cluster  2 Summary Part 3: Container Lines and Shippers 10 The Traditional Liner Companies and the Container Lines  1 Maersk  2 Summary 11 Fruit Companies and Marketing Boards  1 Chiquita  2 Dole  3 Del Monte  4 Marketing Boards  5 Summary Part 4: Analysis and Conclusions 12 The Independent Reefer Operators from Material, Discursive, and Subjective Perspectives  1 1950s: the Wild Reefers  2 1960s: Rationalizations and Explosive Growth  3 1970s: the Others  4 1980s: Striving for Efficiency  5 1990s: We are Conventional!  6 2000s: Decline and Consolidations 13 Snow in the Tropics: Conclusions  1 The Material Dimension  2 The Discursive Dimension  3 The Subjective Dimension Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisDrawing from a broad range of hitherto unpublished archival material and the reconstructed biographies of hundreds of San Marco ships, this book provides a critical overview of the Republic’s shipping activities contemporary with the major geographical discoveries of the period, the ascendency of the Ottoman Empire in the Mediterranean, and the on-going struggle among the major European powers for political and economic hegemony. Within this complex framework, the agency of environmental factors receives equal importance beside geopolitics and economic interests, challenging the accepted hierarchy of the factors impacting the maritime history of Venice.Table of ContentsContents Acknowledgements List of Figures and Tables Introduction  1 Structure  2 Caution  3 Editorial Matters  4 Currencies part 1: The Legal, Executive, and Judicial Framework 1 Venice’s Privilege-Based Merchant Marine  1 Ship Registries and the San Marco Flag  2 Ships with Privileges and Those Without 2 The Corridors of Power: Venice’s Maritime Authorities  1 The Major State Authorities  2 Executive Authorities Involved in Commercial Shipping  3 The Enforcement of Sea Laws Overseas 3 The Protagonists: The Division of Ships into Classes and Groups  1 Ship Classes and Privileged-Based Ship Groups  2 The Carrack-Type Round Ship  3 Other Types of Vessels 4 Volume, Size, and Loading Lines  1 The botte and Other Units of Capacity  2 Overall and Partial Capacities of Vessels  3 Techniques to Calculate a Ship’s Capacity  4 The Relative Capacity of the Hold  5 Calculating the Carrying Capacity by Using Stowage Factors  6 The stimadori and the Administration 5 ‘Safety First’: Rules for the Safety and Security at Sea  1 Regulations against Overloading and Overcrowding  2 The Military Potential  3 The Quota of Professional Mariners and Crew on Board  4 The Quota of Professional Soldiers  5 Arms and Artillery Requirements  6 Convoys of Merchant Ships (conserva)  7 Mandatory Pilotage Services  8 Venetian Safety Standards for Hawsers, Cordage, and Anchors 6 Navigating Fiscal Chaos  1 The Vicissitudes of the Imposts on Ships  2 Duties on Ships in the Port of Venice  3 Negotiating Fiscal Privileges and Tax Concessions  4 The Tax Burden and the Incentive Structure It Gave Rise To part 2: Shipping Enterprise and the World of Round Ships 7 From Forming to Dissolving a Shipping Company  1 The Organizational Structure of the Shipping Enterprise  2 Insuring Ship and Freightage  3 Settling the Accounts  4 The Unloading Procedure in Venice’s Port 8 Ship Biographies  1 The nave grossa Marcella, 1496–1503  2 Riding Out the Storm: The Biography of the Ship Dolfina, 1525–29  3 The Short History of the Priula, 1545–47 9 The Lifespan and Life-Cycle of Mediterranean Ships  1 Shipworms and the Maintenance of Wooden Vessels  2 Life-Expectancy Estimates  3 The Economic Viability of Round Ships  4 Costs of Construction, and the Depreciation of Value of Wooden Vessels 10 Can We Assess Profitability?  1 The Services Provided by the Shipping Industry  2 Sustaining a Liner Service against the Backdrop of Cargo Imbalance  3 The Role of the State in Providing Freights for Its Round Ships  4 Profits from Freightage and the ufficiali all’estraordinario  5 Was Shipping a Long-Term Profitable Business? part 3: ‘Venetian Shipping during the Commercial Revolution’ Reconsidered 11 Fortunes Begin to Ebb, 1453–89  1 The Golden Age of Shipping, c. 1423–32  2 The Shipping Markets Following the Fall of Constantinople  3 The War That Triggered the Downturn, 1463–79  4 Shipping Fails to Rally in Response to Emerging New Realities, 1480–89  5 The Eclipse of Venice’s Oceanic Sea Lanes 12 The Roaring Nineties and the War with the Turks, 1490–1502  1 A Positive Trend in Shipping during the Last Decade of the 15th Century  2 The Merchant Marine c. July–August 1499: The War Effort  3 The Detrimental Effects of the War with the Turks on Shipping, 1499–1502 13 Venetian Shipping in Crisis, 1503–26  1 Venice’s Levant Trade in the First Quarter of the 16th Century  2 Dwindling Traffic in Port and the Loss of Hegemony over the Adriatic Sea  3 The Liberalization of Maritime Transport in the Western Mediterranean  4 ‘Venice Is Drying Up’ 14 A Period of Stagnation, 1527–40  1 The Effects of a Rise in Natural Disasters on Shipping, 1527–33  2 The Shipping Reform Act of 1534/5 15 The Emergence of New Players in Maritime Transport, 1541–71  1 Regaining Momentum: Shipping and Trade Undergoing Liberalization  2 A New Golden Age or an Indian Summer?  3 The New Protagonists in Shipping and Trade  4 Digest of Tables and Graphs Conclusions 356  1 The Aggregation of Vessels Hoisting the San Marco Flag  2 Resiliency or Decline?  3 Deforestation Was Not a Major Factor  4 The Agency of Environmental Factors in Venice’s Decline  5 Could the Senators Have Steered towards a Different Ending? Appendix A: Snapshots of Venice’s Merchant Marine, 1480–1558 Appendix B: Estimates of the Size of Four Colonial Fleets, c. 1499 Appendix C: The Itinerary and Life Expectancy of Selected Round Ships Appendix D: The Cost of Construction and the Value of Wooden Vessels Appendix E: Net Incomes from Freights Transferred by the Cashier of the Estraordinario Appendix F: Gross Incomes from Freights Sources and Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisRisky Markets explores a crucial moment in the history of insurance, when tools designed to tackle sea risks were in their first making. Renaissance Florence is the setting for one of the first attempts to develop a market specialized in protecting maritime trade. Drawing on a unique collection of sources, the book provides a wide ranging account about the players, institutions, business practices and organizations of the insurance business, shedding light on the forecasting techniques underwriters used. Ceccarelli shows that the market was a small club where trust relations and shared codes of conduct prevail over competition. In a world without probability this was the way by which a business community managed transforming uncertainty into a calculable risk.

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Book SynopsisTravelling Pasts, edited by Burkhard Schnepel and Tansen Sen, offers an innovative exploration of the issue of heritage in the Indian Ocean world. This collection of essays demonstrates how the heritagization of the past has played a vital role in processes and strategies related to the making of socio-cultural identities, the establishing of political legitimacies, and the pursuit of economic and geopolitical gains. The contributions range from those dealing with the impact of UNESCO’s World Heritage Convention in the Indian Ocean world as a whole to those that address the politics of cultural heritage in various distinct maritime sites such as Zanzibar, Mayotte, Cape Town, the Maldives, Calcutta and Penang. Also examined are the Maritime Silk Road and the Project Mausam initiatives of the Chinese and Indian governments respectively. The volume is an important contribution to the transdisciplinary fields on Indian Ocean Studies.Trade Review"This collection throws ‘light on the issue of “Travelling Pasts” across the Indian Ocean’ (p. 16) by explaining how maritime activity involves considerable complexity, and in doing so contributes to ‘inclusive understanding of maritime cultural heritage cuts across political boundaries’ (p. 57). The book underscores how cultural heritage has and continues to be subject to political influence, and that it is still being used for political ends. It remains to be seen what the future holds for heritage governance in the Indian Ocean, with growing populations and mobility of peoples, and increasingly contested spaces and resources. This book will no doubt will be of considerable value to scholars and researchers working in history, heritage, politics, anthropology and many other areas of past and future Indian Ocean." - Erika Techera, UWA Law School and UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, in: Journal of the Indian Ocean Region [DOI: 10.1080/19480881.2020.1760603]Table of ContentsContents List of Figures, Maps and Tables Notes on Contributors Travelling Pasts: An Introduction  Burkhard Schnepel Part 1: Indian Ocean Cultural Heritage and the ‘World’  1 Global Linkages, Connectivity and the Indian Ocean in the UNESCO World Heritage Arena  Christoph Brumann  2 ‘Project Mausam’. India’s Transnational Initiative: Revisiting UNESCO’s World Heritage Convention  Himanshu Prabha Ray  3 The History of the Hajj as Heritage: Asset or Burden to the Saudi State?  Ulrike Freitag Part 2: (Im-)materialities on the Move  4 Materiality and Mobility: Comparative Notes on Heritagization in the Indian Ocean World  Katja Müller and Boris Wille  5 Ambiguous Pasts: The Indian Ocean World in Cape Town’s Public History  Nigel Worden Part 3: Travelling Pasts in the Eastern Indian Ocean World  6 Temple Heritage of a Chinese Migrant Community: Movement, Connectivity, and Identity in the Maritime World  Tansen Sen  7 The Uses of ‘Chinese Heritage’: Foreign Policy of the People’s Republic of China in the Contemporary Indo-Pacific World  Geoffrey Wade  8 Heritage Food: The Materialization of Connectivity in Nyonya Cooking  Mareike Pampus Part 4: Travelling Pasts in the Western Indian Ocean World  9 Contradictions in the Heritagization of Zanzibar ‘Stone Town’  Abdul Sheriff  10 The Production of Identities on the Island of Mayotte: A Historical Perspective  Iain Walker Index

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Book SynopsisEmpires of the Sea brings together studies of maritime empires from the Bronze Age to the Eighteenth Century. The volume aims to establish maritime empires as a category for the (comparative) study of premodern empires, and from a partly ‘non-western’ perspective. The book includes contributions on Mycenaean sea power, Classical Athens, the ancient Thebans, Ptolemaic Egypt, The Genoese Empire, power networks of the Vikings, the medieval Danish Empire, the Baltic empire of Ancien Régime Sweden, the early modern Indian Ocean, the Melaka Empire, the (non-European aspects of the) Portuguese Empire and Dutch East India Company, and the Pirates of Caribbean.Trade Review"I highly recommend Empires of the Sea to ancient historians studying Mediterranean empires. Altogether, the volume should act as a gateway for historians to think comparatively and to challenge what we take for granted about Greco-Roman imperialism." - Tim Sorg, in: BMCR 2020.05.21 ''Insgesamt bietet der Band einen gelungenen Überblick über die vielfältigen Erscheinungsformen maritim basierter Hegemonien und Reichsbildungen von der mykenischen Epoche bis in die globale Frühe Neuzeit, der Spezialistinnen und Spezialisten aller darin vertretenen historischen Epochen empfohlen werden kann. Wenngleich bestimme Aspekte häufiger thematisiert werden (Netzwerke, ökonomische Interessen, overlap verschiedener Einflusssphären) und so Vergleiche und den Blick auf Kontinuitäten erlauben, so ist der Band als Ganzes eher ein Zeugnis der historischen Vielfalt denn der Homogenität maritim orientierter Politik.Insgesamt bietet der Band einen gelungenen Überblick über die vielfältigen Erscheinungsformen maritim basierter Hegemonien und Reichsbildungen von der mykenischen Epoche bis in die globale Frühe Neuzeit, der Spezialistinnen und Spezialisten aller darin vertretenen historischen Epochen empfohlen werden kann. Wenngleich bestimme Aspekte häufiger thematisiert werden (Netzwerke, ökonomische Interessen, overlap verschiedener Einflusssphären) und so Vergleiche und den Blick auf Kontinuitäten erlauben, so ist der Band als Ganzes eher ein Zeugnis der historischen Vielfalt denn der Homogenität maritim orientierter Politik.'' - Hans Kopp, in: Urbis Terrarum vol.19: 326-329 (2021)Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Notes on Contributors 1 Introduction: Maritime Empires in World History  Rolf Strootman Part 1 The Middle Sea 2 A Thousand Black Ships: Maritime Trade, Diplomatic Relations, and the Rise of Mycenae  Jorrit M. Kelder 3 The “First Athenian Empire”? Athenian Overseas Interests in the Archaic Period  Floris van den Eijnde 4 Contested Hegemonies: Thebes, Athens and Persia in the Aegean of the 360s  Roy van Wijk 5 The Ptolemaic Sea Empire  Rolf Strootman 6 The Republic of Genoa and Its Maritime Empire  Thomas Kirk Part 2 The Northern Seas 7 Linguistics of Contact in the Northern Seas  Marco Mostert 8 Medieval Denmark as a Maritime Empire  Thomas K. Heebøll-Holm 9 Seventeenth-Century Sweden and the Dominium Maris Baltici – A Maritime Empire?  Olaf Mörke Part 3 The Oceans 10 Early Modern European Mercantilism and Indian Ocean Trade  Anjana Singh 11 The Melaka Empire, c. 1400–1528  Peter Borschberg 12 The Portuguese Maritime Empire: Global Nodes and Transnational Networks  Catia Antunes 13 The Asian Foundations of the Dutch Thalassocracy: Creative Absorption and the Company Empire in Asia  Remco Raben 14 Pirate Networks in the Caribbean  Kris Lane Index

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Book SynopsisDie römische Armee auf dem Oceanus offers for the first time an operational history of Roman naval forces in North-Western Europe. It also provides an in-depth analysis of two important large-scale naval operation types – transport operations and amphibious assaults. Die römische Armee auf dem Oceanus bietet einen Überblick über die Geschichte römischer Operationen zur See in Nordwesteuropa sowie eine eingehende Analyse von zwei wichtigen Operationstypen – Transportoperationen und Amphibischen Angriffsunternehmungen.Table of ContentsAbbildungsverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 2 Funktion und Bedeutung römischer classes 3 Roms Ausgreifen nach Westen und Norden 4 Die römischen Germanienfeldzüge 5 Die Invasion des Claudius und die Einrichtung der Provinz Britannien 6 Die Feldzüge des Agricola 7 Der Norden bis zum Schottlandfeldzug des Septimius Severus 8 Von Maximinus bis zum Ende des Britannischen Sonderreiches 9 Von Constantius Chlorus bis zum Ende römischer Herrschaft in Britannien 10 Infrastrukturelle Voraussetzungen 11 Transportoperationen 12 Amphibische Operationen 13 Zusammenfassung Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis Index

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Book SynopsisIn The Merchant Ship in the British Atlantic, 1600—1800, Phillip Reid refutes the long-held assumption that merchant ship technology in the British Atlantic during the two centuries of its development was static for all intents and purposes, and that whatever incremental changes took place in it were inconsequential to the development of the British Empire and its offshoots. Drawing on a unique combination of evidence from both traditional and unconventional sources, Phillip Reid shows how merchants, shipwrights, and mariners used both proven principles and adaptive innovations in hulls, rigs, and steering systems to manage high physical and financial risks. Listen also to the podcast where the author is interviewed about the book for New Books Network and the podcast with Liz Covart for Ben Franklin’s World by clicking here.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Figures and Tables Introduction 1 A Ship’s Atlantic 2 The Ship: a Primer and Field Guide 3 From the Stocks to the Ways: Building a Ship from Contract to Launch 4 The Mysterious Art of the Shipwright: Deciphering Merchant Ship Design 5 Merchant Venturers and Merchant Ships 6 Sailing and Surviving: People and Labor Aboard 7 Working the Ship: the Technology of Operation Conclusion: The Merchant Ship in the British Atlantic, 1600–1800 Epilogue: Ann & Hope in Canton—Beyond the British Atlantic Glossary of Terms Appendix 1: Basic Sails on a Square-Rigged Ship, a Sloop, and a Schooner Appendix 2: Full Transcription of Winne & Hawksworth Letter to William Jones, 17 January 1733 Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisWhat is the ocean’s role in human and planetary history? How have writers, sailors, painters, scientists, historians, and philosophers from across time and space poetically envisioned the oceans and depicted human entanglements with the sea? In order to answer these questions, Søren Frank covers an impressive range of material in A Poetic History of the Oceans: Greek, Roman and Biblical texts, an Icelandic Saga, Shakespearean drama, Jens Munk’s logbook, 19th century-writers such as James Fenimore Cooper, Herman Melville, Jules Michelet, Victor Hugo, Jules Verne, Jonas Lie, and Joseph Conrad as well as their 20th and 21st century-heirs like J. G. Ballard, Jens Bjørneboe, and Siri Ranva Hjelm Jacobsen. A Poetic History of the Oceans promotes what Frank labels an amphibian comparative literature and mobilises recent theoretical concepts and methodological developments in Blue Humanities, Blue Ecology, and New Materialism to shed new light on well-known texts and introduce readers to important, but lesser-known Scandinavian literary engagements with the sea.Trade Review“This is a book that deserves to be read for its ambitions. Based on his comprehensive reading close to erudition within the field of maritime literary studies, Søren Frank sets out to reframe the somewhat marginalised genre of the maritime novel, yet also other forms of prose as well as visual material. With a detailed argument for the symptomatic significance of the maritime perspective in literary history the author zooms in on three dimensions […] His overall aim is to incorporate the so-called blue ecology as an integral part of the otherwise terrestrial focus that dominates today's preoccupation with ecological issues in art, culture and politics.” - Svend Erik Larsen, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark, DK in Orbis Litterarum, 2022 "Combining a capacious vision of the long history of oceanic narratives in Western culture with incisive analysis of recent scholarship in the “blue humanities,” A Poetic History of the Oceans provides an excellent overview of oceanic literature and culture. At this book’s core lies a brilliant reading of Moby-Dick as model for four distinct historical iterations of Western imaginations of the sea. In reading Melville’s novel as simultaneously theocentric, anthropocentric, technocentric, and geocentric, Frank shows how this American classic opens onto global vistas. Beyond an innovative analysis of the English-language canon, however, this book also brings Scandinavian writers and texts forward into their rightful places as oceanic pioneers. The introduction of figures such as Jens Munk, Jonas Lie, Martin Andersen Nexø, and Siri Ranva Hjelm Jacobsen suggests how much scholars and readers can learn from this book." - Steve Mentz, Professor of English, St. John's University, New York, USA “A Poetic History of the Oceans has compelling qualities: a fascinating topic, incredible erudition, an innovative, wide-ranging approach, and a seductive, reader-friendly style. The quality of the scholarship is remarkable, both concerning the works examined and the thinkers and literary critics that are consulted and cited. Given the superb treatment of the topic, the wealth of information, and the theoretical insights, Frank’s book could very well become a classic in its field.” - Thomas Pavel, Professor of Romance Languages, Comparative Literature, Committee on Social Thought, University of Chicago, USATable of Contents< Acknowledgements List of Illustrations Introduction  1 Embarking with Martin Andersen Nexø  1.1 The Strait of Gibraltar  1.2 Transition and Simultaneity  1.3 Maritime World Pictures  2 Amphibian Comparative Literature on a Terraqueous Globe  2.1 The Forgotten Sea  2.2 Revision, Actualization, Crisis  2.3 Saltwater Literatures  2.4 Geographical Scales  2.5 Historical Timelines  2.6 Blue Ecologies  2.7 Method and Structure 1 History  1 Theocentrism  1.1 The Biblical Tradition  1.2 The Greek-Roman Tradition  1.3 “The Seafarer”  2 Anthropocentrism  2.1 “The Saga of the Greenlanders”  2.2 Luís Vaz de Camões  2.3 William Shakespeare  2.4 Jens Munk  2.5 Daniel Defoe  2.6 James Fenimore Cooper  3 Technocentrism  3.1 Jules Michelet  3.2 Jonas Lie  3.3 Joseph Conrad  4 Geocentrism  4.1 Nostalgia or Dystopia  5 The Four World Pictures in Moby-Dick  5.1 Historical Time and Broad Present  5.2 Theocentrism  5.3 Anthropocentrism  5.4 Technocentrism  5.5 Geocentrism 2 Rhythm  1 The Maritime between Homelessness and Homeliness  2 Rhythmanalysis at Sea  3 Cosmic and Cultural Rhythms at Sea  4 External and Internal Rhythms  5 Rituals  6 Internal Arrhythmia  7 Knowledge, Teaching, Writing 3 Technology  1 The Shipwreck of the São João in 1552  2 Technology, Literature, and the Ocean  3 Martin Heidegger’s Technologies  4 Don Ihde and Technological Forms of Experience  5 Technology in Typhoon  5.1 Sail and Steam  5.2 Steamship Experiences in Typhoon  6 Science and Technology in Vingt mille lieues sous les mers  6.1 The Making of a New Literary Profile and a Novel  6.2 Science Adventure Fiction  6.3 Progress and Mastering  6.4 Vraisemblance  6.5 Ambiguities  6.6 Apollonian Order, Dionysian Fertility 4 Materiality  1 Immersion in the Dissolve in Leviathan  2 Forces of Sea and Abyss in Les Travailleurs de la mer  2.1 Humans and Things  2.2 Vital Materialism  2.3 Endings and Narrators  2.4 Fooling and Receiving Mercy  2.5 Cosmography of Work 5 Anthropocene  1 Coal in Wales, Whales at the Pole  2 The Anthropocene  3 Anthropocene Aesthetics  3.1 Time, Discontinuity, Probability  3.2 Space, Discontinuity, Nation-State  3.3 Human, Humans, Non-Humans  4 Exceptionalism, Growth, and Stock in En hvalfangerfærd  5 Psychohydrographies of Cataclysm in The Drowned World  5.1 Science Fiction and the Anthropocene  5.2 Surrealism and the Anthropocene  6 Empire of Thalassa in Havbrevene  6.1 Evolution, Devolution  6.2 Icarus, Bruegel, and the Echo Chamber of Reception  6.3 Life, but not Human  6.4 Anthropomorphism Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn this revised and extended edition of Napoleon and the Operational Art of War, the leading scholars of Napoleonic military history provide the most authoritative analysis of Napoleon’s battlefield success and ultimate failure. Napoleon’s development and mastery of the operational art of warfare is revealed as each chapter analyzes one Napoleonic war or major campaign of a war. To achieve this, the essays conform to the common themes of Napoleon’s planning, his command and control, his execution of plans, and the response of his adversaries. Napoleon's sea power and the British response to the French challenge at sea is also investigated. Overall, this volume reflects the finest scholarship and cutting-edge research to be found in Napoleonic military history. Contributors include Jonathan Abel, Robert M. Citino, Phillip R. Cuccia, Huw J. Davies, Mark T. Gerges; John H. Gill; Jordan R. Hayworth, Kenneth G. Johnson, Michael V. Leggiere, Kevin D. McCranie, Alexander Mikaberidze, Frederick C. Schneid, John Severn, Dennis Showalter, Geoffrey Wawro, and John F. Weinzierl. See inside the book.

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Book SynopsisThis volume presents Greek Maritime History and unravels the historical trajectory of a maritime nation par excellence in the Eastern Mediterranean. At the core of the book lies the rise of the Greek merchant fleet and its transformation from a peripheral to an international carrier. Following the evolution of Greek shipping for more than three centuries (17th-20th century), the book traces a maritime nation in its making and provides proof of a different, yet successful pattern of maritime development compared to other European maritime nations. The chapters adopt a multidimensional and interdisciplinary approach – spanning from shipping, fishing and trade to piracy, technology, human resources and entrepreneurship – and reflect the main directions of Greek maritime historiography over the last thirty years. Contributors are: Apostolos Delis, Dimitris Dimitropoulos, Zisis Fotakis, Katerina Galani, Gelina Harlaftis, Evdokia Olympitou, Gerassimos D. Pagratis, Alexandra Papadopoulou, Socrates Petmezas, Evrydiki Sifneos, Anna Sydorenko, Ioannis Theotokas, and Katerina Vourkatioti.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations List of Tables Measures and Units Notes on Contributors 1 Introduction: Re-Conceptualising Greek Maritime History  Katerina Galani and Alexandra Papadopoulou 2 Greek Maritime History: Navigating Greek Historiography in Domestic and International Waters  Gelina Harlaftis 3 From Venetian to Ionian Protectionism: Research in the Early Modern Maritime History of the Greeks Subjects of Venice  Gerassimos D. Pagratis 4 Caught Between Empires: Agency, Neutrality and a Middleman Minority  Katerina Galani 5 Piracy in the Aegean: Aspects and Contradictions of Stereotypes  Dimitris Dimitropoulos 6 The Black Sea in the Global Economy of the Nineteenth Century: Introducing the Black Sea Historical Statistics, 1812–1914  Alexandra Papadopoulou and Socrates Petmezas 7 The Creation of the Main Export Port of Crimea: Port Policy, Traffic, Infrastructure in the Port of Theodosia, 1895–1913  Anna Sydorenko 8 Beyond the Mediterranean: Greek Family Business and the Familiarity of the Black and Azov Seas Maritime Space  Evrydiki Sifneos 9 The Advent of Steam Navigation in Greece in the Nineteenth Century  Apostolos Delis 10 The Introduction of Maritime Technology in Greek Fisheries: Diving Suites in Sponge Fishing in the Aegean  Evdokia Olympitou 11 Business Groups’ Diversification Strategy: The Case of Ralli Bros Diversifying in Shipping  Katerina Vourkatioti 12 Greek Shipping in the Twentieth Century: The Human Resources  Ioannis Theotokas 13 The Development of Naval History in Greece, 1989–2020  Zisis Fotakis Epilogue: Greek Maritime History or Maritime History of the Greeks?  Katerina Galani and Alexandra Papadopoulou Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume discusses the effects of industrialization on maritime trade, labour and communities in the Mediterranean and Black Sea from the 1850s to the 1920s. The 17 essays are based on new evidence from multiple type of primary sources on the transition from sail to steam navigation, written in a variety of languages, Italian, Spanish, French, Greek, Russian and Ottoman. Questions that arise in the book include the labour conditions, wages, career and retirement of seafarers, the socio-economic and spatial transformations of the maritime communities and the changes in the patterns of operation, ownership and management in the shipping industry with the advent of steam navigation. The book offers a comparative analysis of the above subjects across the Mediterranean, while also proposes unexplored themes in current scholarship like the history of navigation. Contributors are: Luca Lo Basso, Andrea Zappia, Leonardo Scavino, Daniel Muntane, Eduard Page Campos, Enric Garcia Domingo, Katerina Galani, Alkiviadis Kapokakis, Petros Kastrinakis, Kalliopi Vasilaki, Pavlos Fafalios, Georgios Samaritakis, Kostas Petrakis, Korina Doerr, Athina Kritsotaki, Anastasia Axaridou, and Martin Doerr.

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Book SynopsisAs the fall-out of the Ever Given Suez canal blockage shows, an ancient instrument like General Average (GA) is still highly relevant in redistributing risks and costs in maritime trade. However, bar marine insurance, not much is known about the development of tools of maritime risk management like GA, which redistributes extraordinary costs incurred for the common safety of maritime ventures. This book investigates the development of General Average and other so-called Averages in the Low Countries on the eve of the early modern period, showing how the various varieties of Averages played a significant role in the development of maritime risk management and the broader institutional development in the Low Countries.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Images, Tables, Figures, Maps and Graphs Abbreviations 1 Introduction  1.1 General Average: A Long History from Rhodes to the Ever Given  1.2 Transaction Costs, Protection Costs and Institutional Development  1.3 Maritime Trade and Risk Management  1.4 General Average and the Lex Maritima  1.5 Introducing the Low Countries’ Maritime Economy  1.6 State Formation, Jurisdictional Complexity and Legal Sources  1.7 Sources, Approach and Structure of the Book Part 1: The Development of General Average and Risk Management 2 The Power and Pains of Polysemy  2.1 Introduction: The Polysemic Meanings of Averages  2.2 Etymological Origins of GA  2.3 The Principle of GA Explained  2.4 Contemporary GA and Historical Reality  2.5 Averages in the Sixteenth-Century Low Countries  2.6 Risk Management  2.7 Cost Management  2.8 Conclusion 3 General Average in Formal Sources of Law  3.1 Introduction  3.2 GA in Sources of Formal Law  3.3 GA, Salvage, Shipwreck and Ship Collisions: Shifting Legal Boundaries  3.4 Weytsen’s Tractaet van Avarien  3.5 Conclusion 4 GA in Legal Practice  4.1 Introduction  4.2 The Governance of GA Procedure in Bruges and Antwerp  4.3 The Position of the Shipmaster and Legal Strategies  4.4 The Insurability of GA, Moral Hazard and Changes in Risk Distribution  4.5 ‘Atypical’ GA Cases  4.6 Conclusion Part 2: Varieties of Averages and Cost Management 5 Contractual Varieties of Averages and Cost Management  5.1 Introduction  5.2 Contractual Varieties of Averages  5.3 The flete y averías as a Cost Management Structure  5.4 Conclusion: Averages and Cost Management 6 Consular Averages, Compulsory Contributions and Protection Costs  6.1 Introduction  6.2 The Seville avería as an Example of Protection Costs  6.3 Privileges and the droit d’avarie: False Friends?  6.4 Disputes on the avería de nación  6.5 The avería(s)  6.6 Conclusion Conclusion Appendix Bibliography General Index

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Book SynopsisPrivateering was legal whereas piracy was illegal. That much everyone knows. But what exactly was privateering? Answering this question turns out to depend not so much on the relationship between privateering and piracy as on the relationship between privateering and other forms of maritime raiding that had been considered legal long before the word ‘privateering’, or the practice it denoted, came into existence. This book clarifies all these relationships and explains how privateering emerged as a new legal category in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The subject is approached from a British perspective, in the light of developments elsewhere, including the movement towards a new understanding of the law regulating relations between nations.Table of ContentsPreface Introduction 1 Seizures of Ships and Goods at Sea before Privateering  1 Seizures of Ships and Goods at Sea as Plunder  2 Acquisition of Prizes in Sixteenth-Century Scotland  3 Seizures of Ships and Goods at Sea as Reprisal  4 Authorisation of Reprisals in Sixteenth-Century Scotland  5 Seizures of Ships and Goods at Sea as Piracy  6 Apprehension of Pirates in Sixteenth-Century Scotland 2 From Licit Plunder towards Licensed Privateering  1 Regulation of Maritime Warfare in England  2 Innovation during the Reign of Elizabeth  3 Justification in Terms of the Practice of Nations  4 Justification in Terms of the Law of God  5 Justification in Terms of the Law of Policy  6 Condemnation of Pirates as Common Enemies 3 Privateering in Theory and Practice avant la lettre  1 Licensed Raiding in Jacobean Scotland  2 Licensed Raiding in Jacobean England  3 Towards a New Theory of Prize Acquisition  4 Towards a New Theory of International Law  5 Prize Litigation in Caroline England  6 Prize Litigation in Caroline Scotland Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisWhat is the ocean’s role in human and planetary history? How have writers, sailors, painters, scientists, historians, and philosophers from across time and space poetically envisioned the oceans and depicted human entanglements with the sea? In order to answer these questions, Søren Frank covers an impressive range of material in A Poetic History of the Oceans: Greek, Roman and Biblical texts, an Icelandic Saga, Shakespearean drama, Jens Munk’s logbook, 19th century-writers such as James Fenimore Cooper, Herman Melville, Jules Michelet, Victor Hugo, Jules Verne, Jonas Lie, and Joseph Conrad as well as their 20th and 21st century-heirs like J. G. Ballard, Jens Bjørneboe, and Siri Ranva Hjelm Jacobsen. A Poetic History of the Oceans promotes what Frank labels an amphibian comparative literature and mobilises recent theoretical concepts and methodological developments in Blue Humanities, Blue Ecology, and New Materialism to shed new light on well-known texts and introduce readers to important, but lesser-known Scandinavian literary engagements with the sea.Trade Review“This is a book that deserves to be read for its ambitions. Based on his comprehensive reading close to erudition within the field of maritime literary studies, Søren Frank sets out to reframe the somewhat marginalised genre of the maritime novel, yet also other forms of prose as well as visual material. With a detailed argument for the symptomatic significance of the maritime perspective in literary history the author zooms in on three dimensions […] His overall aim is to incorporate the so-called blue ecology as an integral part of the otherwise terrestrial focus that dominates today's preoccupation with ecological issues in art, culture and politics.” - Svend Erik Larsen, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark, DK in Orbis Litterarum, 2022 "Combining a capacious vision of the long history of oceanic narratives in Western culture with incisive analysis of recent scholarship in the “blue humanities,” A Poetic History of the Oceans provides an excellent overview of oceanic literature and culture. At this book’s core lies a brilliant reading of Moby-Dick as model for four distinct historical iterations of Western imaginations of the sea. In reading Melville’s novel as simultaneously theocentric, anthropocentric, technocentric, and geocentric, Frank shows how this American classic opens onto global vistas. Beyond an innovative analysis of the English-language canon, however, this book also brings Scandinavian writers and texts forward into their rightful places as oceanic pioneers. The introduction of figures such as Jens Munk, Jonas Lie, Martin Andersen Nexø, and Siri Ranva Hjelm Jacobsen suggests how much scholars and readers can learn from this book." - Steve Mentz, Professor of English, St. John's University, New York, USA “A Poetic History of the Oceans has compelling qualities: a fascinating topic, incredible erudition, an innovative, wide-ranging approach, and a seductive, reader-friendly style. The quality of the scholarship is remarkable, both concerning the works examined and the thinkers and literary critics that are consulted and cited. Given the superb treatment of the topic, the wealth of information, and the theoretical insights, Frank’s book could very well become a classic in its field.” - Thomas Pavel, Professor of Romance Languages, Comparative Literature, Committee on Social Thought, University of Chicago, USATable of Contents< Acknowledgements List of Illustrations Introduction  1 Embarking with Martin Andersen Nexø  1.1 The Strait of Gibraltar  1.2 Transition and Simultaneity  1.3 Maritime World Pictures  2 Amphibian Comparative Literature on a Terraqueous Globe  2.1 The Forgotten Sea  2.2 Revision, Actualization, Crisis  2.3 Saltwater Literatures  2.4 Geographical Scales  2.5 Historical Timelines  2.6 Blue Ecologies  2.7 Method and Structure 1 History  1 Theocentrism  1.1 The Biblical Tradition  1.2 The Greek-Roman Tradition  1.3 “The Seafarer”  2 Anthropocentrism  2.1 “The Saga of the Greenlanders”  2.2 Luís Vaz de Camões  2.3 William Shakespeare  2.4 Jens Munk  2.5 Daniel Defoe  2.6 James Fenimore Cooper  3 Technocentrism  3.1 Jules Michelet  3.2 Jonas Lie  3.3 Joseph Conrad  4 Geocentrism  4.1 Nostalgia or Dystopia  5 The Four World Pictures in Moby-Dick  5.1 Historical Time and Broad Present  5.2 Theocentrism  5.3 Anthropocentrism  5.4 Technocentrism  5.5 Geocentrism 2 Rhythm  1 The Maritime between Homelessness and Homeliness  2 Rhythmanalysis at Sea  3 Cosmic and Cultural Rhythms at Sea  4 External and Internal Rhythms  5 Rituals  6 Internal Arrhythmia  7 Knowledge, Teaching, Writing 3 Technology  1 The Shipwreck of the São João in 1552  2 Technology, Literature, and the Ocean  3 Martin Heidegger’s Technologies  4 Don Ihde and Technological Forms of Experience  5 Technology in Typhoon  5.1 Sail and Steam  5.2 Steamship Experiences in Typhoon  6 Science and Technology in Vingt mille lieues sous les mers  6.1 The Making of a New Literary Profile and a Novel  6.2 Science Adventure Fiction  6.3 Progress and Mastering  6.4 Vraisemblance  6.5 Ambiguities  6.6 Apollonian Order, Dionysian Fertility 4 Materiality  1 Immersion in the Dissolve in Leviathan  2 Forces of Sea and Abyss in Les Travailleurs de la mer  2.1 Humans and Things  2.2 Vital Materialism  2.3 Endings and Narrators  2.4 Fooling and Receiving Mercy  2.5 Cosmography of Work 5 Anthropocene  1 Coal in Wales, Whales at the Pole  2 The Anthropocene  3 Anthropocene Aesthetics  3.1 Time, Discontinuity, Probability  3.2 Space, Discontinuity, Nation-State  3.3 Human, Humans, Non-Humans  4 Exceptionalism, Growth, and Stock in En hvalfangerfærd  5 Psychohydrographies of Cataclysm in The Drowned World  5.1 Science Fiction and the Anthropocene  5.2 Surrealism and the Anthropocene  6 Empire of Thalassa in Havbrevene  6.1 Evolution, Devolution  6.2 Icarus, Bruegel, and the Echo Chamber of Reception  6.3 Life, but not Human  6.4 Anthropomorphism Conclusion Bibliography Index

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