Marine biology Books

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Book SynopsisWithout light there would be no life in the sea. Since the seas were the cradle for the evolution of all life forms, the theme of this 1990 book is central to our understanding of the interaction between living organisms and their environments.Table of ContentsPart I. Introduction M. Whitfield; Part II. Physics of Light in the Sea: 1. The light field in the ocean: its modification and exploitation by the pelagic biota S. Sathyendranath and T. Platt; 2. Remote sensing - information from the colour of the seas I. S. Robinson; 3. Optical oceanography: an assessment of a towed method J. Aiken and I. E. Bellan; Part III. Photosynthesis and Development: 4. The photic zone P. Tett; 5. Light harvesting and pigment composition in marine phytoplankton and macroalgae M. J. Dring; 6. The response of picophytoplankton to light I. R. Joint; 7. Light and development: cellular and molecular aspects of photomorphogenesis and brown algae C. Brownlee; Part IV. Vision: 8. Light and vision at depths greater than 200 metres E. J. Denton; 9. Optics of the eyes of marine animals M. F. Land; 10. The colour sensitivity and vision of fishes J. C. Partridge; 11. Messengers of transduction and adaptation in vertebrate photoreceptors H. R. Matthews; 12. Photoreception in squid H. R. Saibil; Part V. Behaviour: 13. Herring behaviour in the light and dark J. H. S. Blaxter and R. S. Batty; 14. Crepuscular behaviour of marine fishes G. W. Potts; 15. Light and the capture of marine animals P. L. Pascoe; Part VI. Bioluminescence: 16. Bioluminescent communication in the sea P. J. Herring; 17. The chemistry of bioluminescence: origins and mechanism F. McCapra; 18. Living light: from the ocean to the hospital bed A. K. Campbell; Part VII. Summary and Perspectives; Part VIII. Bibliography; Part IX. Index.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisBringing together 30 international experts, this volume commemorates the 50th anniversary of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, the UN organization responsible for fostering intergovernmental cooperation on global ocean issues. It looks at how governments use science to establish ocean policies, with chapters ranging from the history of ocean management to current advances in marine science, observation and management applications, and the international agencies that co-ordinate this work. With a focus on key topical issues such as marine pollution, exploitation, and hazards, Troubled Waters reflects on past successes and failures in ocean management and emphasises the need for knowledge and effective government action to ensure a sustainable future for this precious resource. Illustrated with dramatic, full-colour images, it is essential reading for researchers, students, policy makers and managers of the marine environment, and also provides an attractive and aTrade Review'… timely … Looking to the future, Troubled Waters explains the high likelihood of continuing sea-level rise, increasing ocean acidification and warming oceans. This is coupled with increasing pollution and contamination of maritime spaces and the continuing collapse of marine biodiversity. Contributors suggest new strategies to deal with sea-level rise, including the creation of more habitable space through reclamation, artificial islands and even mobile human habitats … the key to managing the seas will be turning good information into meaningful policies. In that regard, Troubled Waters is an excellent resource.' Nature'Where ecological phenomena outlast the political lifetime of decision makers, where the frontiers of nations are no longer barriers, the principles of harmonisation and inter-governmental collaboration take on their full value.' HSH Prince Albert of Monaco'Well-managed and healthy oceans are vital to the survival of small island states, such as the Maldives. This important book shows how scientists and governments can better protect the world's oceans.' Mohamed Nasheed, President of the Republic of Maldives'The editors have managed to bring the jigsaw pieces together in a clearly laid out, very readable, easily accessible, wonderfully illustrated, work that should be a permanent but not neglected resident on the shelves of all who have an interest in the oceans and how we manage them, past present and future.' Dan Costa, Marine Scientist'… well produced, thought provoking … it is a publication that has much value for its intended readership … and beyond … I would strongly recommend this book to all who have an interest in understanding and safeguarding our seas.' International Journal of the Society for Underwater Technology'… the text provides a good reality check of what issues exist and what responsible parties should do to address them. The different perspectives are incredibly helpful, and this book effectively provides a sample of many issues related to the ocean.' Kathleen Galloway, Journal of the American Water Resources AssociationTable of ContentsList of contributors; Foreword HSH Prince Albert of Monaco; List of acronyms; Part I. Introduction Geoff Holland and David Pugh; Part II. The Global Context: 1. For the ocean Patricio Bernal; 2. The UN, science and ocean governance Alan Simcock; 3. UNCLOS and ocean science Elie Jarmache; 4. Fifty years of developing national marine skills Ehrlich Desa and Joannes Berque; 5. The early years of the IOC Desmond Scott and Geoff Holland; Part III. Oceans and Science: 6. Ocean science, an overview Gunnar Kullenberg; 7. Ocean climate programmes Allyn Clarke; 8. The international bathymetric chart Ron Macnab and Dmitri Travin; 9. Living marine resources Henrik Enevoldsen; 10. Non-governmental organizations Elizabeth Gross; Part IV. Observations and Data: 11. Ocean observations Peter Dexter and Colin Summerhayes; 12. Oceanographic data: from paper to pixels Iouri Oliounine and Peter Pissierssens; Part V. Applications: 13. Coastal zone management Laurence Mee; 14. Hazards and warnings David Pugh; 15. Caribbean co-operation Guillermo Garcia Montero; 16. Oceans, science and governments in Africa Justin Ahanhanzo and Geoff Brundrit; Part VI. Intergovernmental Agencies and Science: 17. The Food and Agriculture Organisation Ray Griffiths; 18. The International Hydrographic Organisation Hugo Gorziglia; 19. The International Maritime Organisation Andrea Garcia; 20. The United Nations Environment Programme Salif Diop and Jacqueline Alder; 21. The World Meteorological Organisation Peter Dexter and Yves Treglos; Part VII. The Future: 22. The future of oceans, science and governance Neville Smith; 23. Afterword Geoff Holland and David Pugh; Index.

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Book SynopsisPigments act as tracers to elucidate the fate of phytoplankton in the world's oceans and are often associated with important biogeochemical cycles related to carbon dynamics in the oceans. They are increasingly used in in situ and remote-sensing applications, detecting algal biomass and major taxa through changes in water colour. This book is a follow-up to the 1997 volume Phytoplankton Pigments in Oceanography (UNESCO Press). Since then, there have been many advances concerning phytoplankton pigments. This book includes recent discoveries on several new algal classes particularly for the picoplankton, and on new pigments. It also includes many advances in methodologies, including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and developments and updates on the mathematical methods used to exploit pigment information and extract the composition of phytoplankton communities. The book is invaluable primarily as a reference for students, researchers and professionals in aquatic science,Trade Review'… an outstanding reference book on marine phytoplankton pigments, their analyses and biogeochemistry. It will become the quality benchmark for marine chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments over the next decade.' Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin'Roy et al. have produced an extremely valuable update to an already classic treatise on phytoplankton pigments … there is something for everyone engaged in modern phytoplankton pigment research and this edition will certainly serve as a trusty bench pal to all those individuals active in the field. However, do not let the book out of your sight, your colleagues will never return it if borrowed.' Nick Welschmeyer, Journal of PhycologyTable of ContentsList of contributors; Preface; Acknowledgements; List of symbols; Part I. Chlorophylls and Carotenoids: 1. Microalgal classes and their signature pigments S. W. Jeffrey, S. W. Wright and M. Zapata; 2. Recent advances in chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis R. J. Porra, U. Oster and H. Scheer; 3. Carotenoid metabolism in phytoplankton M. Lohr; Part II. Methodology Guidance: 4. New HPLC separation techniques J. L. Garrido, R. L. Airs, F. Rodríguez, L. Van Heukelem and M. Zapata; 5. The importance of a quality assurance plan for method validation and minimizing uncertainties in the HPLC analysis of phytoplankton pigments L. Van Heukelem and S. B. Hooker; Appendix: a symbology and vocabulary for an HPLC lexicon S. B. Hooker and L. Van Heukelem; 6. Quantitative interpretation of chemotaxonomic pigment data H. W. Higgins, S. W. Wright and L. Schlüter; 7. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for pigment analysis R. L. Airs and J. L. Garrido; 8. Multivariate analysis of extracted pigments using spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods J. Neveux, J. Seppälä and Y. Dandonneau; Appendix: a proven simultaneous equation assay for chlorophylls a and b using aqueous acetone and similar assays for recalcitrant algae R. J. Porra; Part III. Water-Soluble 'Pigments': 9. Phycobiliproteins K.-H. Zhao, R. J. Porra and H. Scheer; 10. UV-absorbing 'pigments': mycosporine-like amino acids J. I. Carreto, S. Roy, K. Whitehead, C. Llewellyn and M. O. Carignan; Part IV. Selected Pigment Applications in Oceanography: 11. Pigments and photoacclimation processes C. Brunet, G. Johnsen, J. Lavaud and S. Roy; 12. Pigment-based measurements of phytoplankton rates A. Guttierez-Rodriguez and M. Latasa; 13. In vivo bio-optical properties of phytoplankton pigments G. Johnsen, A. Bricaud, N. Nelson, B. B. Prézelin and R. R. Bidigare; 14. Optical monitoring of phytoplankton bloom pigment signatures G. Johnsen, M. A. Moline, L. H. Pettersson, J. L. Pinckney, D. V. Pozdnyakov, E. S. Egeland and O. M. Schofield; Appendix: harmful algae toxins and pigments E. S. Egeland; Part V. Future Perspectives: 15. Perspectives on future directions C. Llewellyn, S. Roy, G. Johnsen, E. S. Egeland, M. Chauton, G. Hallegraeff, M. Lohr, U. Oster, R. J. Porra, H. Scheer and K.-H. Zhao; Part VI. Aids for Practical Laboratory Work: Appendix A. Update on filtration, storage and extraction solvents J. L. Pinckney, D. F. Millie and L. Van Heukelem; Appendix B. The pigment analyst's guide to HPLC hardware A. R. Neeley, C. S. Thomas, S. B. Hooker and L. Van Heukelem; Appendix C. Minimum identification criteria for identifying phytoplankton pigments E. S. Egeland; Appendix D. Phytoplankton cultures for standard pigments and their suppliers S. Roy, S. W. Wright and S. W. Jeffrey; Appendix E. Commercial suppliers of phytoplankton pigments E. S. Egeland and L. Schlüter; Part VII. Phytoplankton Pigments Data Sheets E. S. Egeland; Index.

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Book SynopsisPhycology is the study of algae, the primary photosynthetic organisms in freshwater and marine food chains. Since the publication of the first edition in 1981, this textbook has established itself as a classic resource on this subject. Aimed at upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in phycology, limnology and biological oceanography, this revised edition maintains the format of previous editions, whilst incorporating the recent developments in the field such as: the potential and challenges of producing algae biofuel; the proliferation of algal toxins; and the development of new molecular tools and technologies on ancestry, phylogeny, and taxonomy of algae.Table of ContentsPart I. Introduction: 1. Basic characteristics of the algae; Part II. The Prokaryotic Algae: 2. Cyanobacteria; Part III. Evolution of the Chloroplast: 3. Glaucophyta; 4. Rhodophyta; 5. Chlorophyta; Part IV. Evolution of One Membrane of Chloroplast Endoplasmic Reticulum: 6. Euglenophyta; 7. Dinophyta; 8. Apicomplexa; Part V. Evolution of Two Membranes of Chloroplast Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Chlorarachniophyta: 9. Cryptophyta; 10. Heterokontophyta, Chrysophyceae; 11. Heterokontophyta, Synurophyceae; 12. Heterokontophyta, Eustigmatophyceae; 13. Heterokontophyta, Pinguiophyceae; 14. Heterokontophyta, Dictyochrophyceae; 15. Heterokontophyta, Pelagophyceae; 16. Heterokontophyta, Bolidophyceae; 17. Heterokontophyta, Bacillariophyceae; 18. Heterokontophyta, Raphidophyceae; 19. Heterokontophyta, Xanthophyceae; 20. Heterokontophyta, Phaeothamniophyceae; 21. Heterokontophyta, Phaeophyceae; 22. Prymnesiophyta; 23. Algae and the environment; Glossary; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis Element provides a review of the research involving blastozoan respiratory structures, along with research concerning the morphology, paleoecology, and ontogeny of each of the major groupings of blastozoans as it relates to their corresponding respiratory structures.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Assessing Blastozoan Evolutionary Relationships; 3. Respiratory Structures; 4. Materials; 5. Blastoidea; 6. Eocrinoidea; 7. 'Cystoidea'; 8. Diploporita; 9. Rhombifera; 10. Paracrinoidea; 11. Parablastoidea; 12. Future Work; 13. Conclusions; References.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents an interpretative ecological history of the Indian subcontinent. Using a general theory of ecological history, the authors provide a fresh interpretation of India's history, including an ecological account of the caste system and a sociological analysis of resource use. The Second Edition comes with a new Preface by the authors.Table of ContentsPREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; PROLOGUE: PRUDENCE AND PROFLIGACY; PART ONE: A THEORY OF ECOLOGICAL HISTORY; 1. HABITATS IN HUMAN HISTORY; PART TWO: TOWARDS A CULTURAL ECOLOGY OF PRE-MODERN INDIA; 2. FOREST AND FIRE; 3. CASTE AND CONSERVATION; PART THREE: ECOLOGICAL CHANGE AND SOCIAL CONFLICT IN MODERN INDIA; 4. CONQUEST AND CONTROL; 5. THE FIGHT FOR THE FOREST; 6. BIOMASS FOR BUSINESS; 7. COMPETING CLAIMS ON THE COMMONS; 8. CULTURES IN CONFLICT; BIBLIOGRAPHY; INDEX

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Book SynopsisThe Banggai cardinalfish, Pterapogon kauderni, is a fascinating species that possesses a series of remarkable biological characteristics making it unique among coral reef fishes. It has been the focus of studies in reproduction, ecology, population genetics and evolution. In addition, since its rediscovery in the late 1990s, it has become tremendously popular in the international ornamental fish trade, and indiscriminate collecting has led to its inclusion in the 2007 IUCN Red List as an endangered species. This book is divided into three main parts: a general introduction to the fish, including a historical synopsis with an overview of the Banggai Archipelago; a comprehensive treatment of the species' natural history (distribution, morphology, reproduction, embryology, ecology, genetics, systematics and evolution); an account of the conservation of the species, including descriptions of its fishery, attempts to protect it under CITES, and introduction programmes. The book aTrade Review“An authoritative synthesis of everything we know about this important yet endangered ornamental fish that also plays an important ecological role on Indonesian coral reefs.” (Bulletin of the British Ecological Society, 1 June 2012) Table of ContentsPreface x Acknowledgments xiii Part I Introduction 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 The Banggai cardinalfish and a long rewarding experience 3 2 Historic Review 6 2.1 The improbable first encounter 6 2.2 Rediscovering the “King of the Cardinalfishes,” and a prophecy realized 8 2.3 Other field studies 9 3 The Banggai Archipelago 11 4 Field Research in the Banggai Islands 21 4.1 Introduction 21 4.2 A challenging first expedition 22 Part II Natural History 29 5 Geographic Distribution 31 5.1 Introduction 31 5.2 The geographic distribution of Pterapogon kauderni within its natural range 33 5.3 The Luwuk population 36 5.4 The north Sulawesi populations 38 5.5 Other exotic populations 39 5.6 Discussion 40 6 General Survey of Morphology 46 6.1 Introduction and some particulars of the soft anatomy 46 6.2 Main osteological characteristics (Figure 6.2a, see Tables 6.1, 6.2 for selected body proportions and counts) 49 7 Reproductive Biology 58 7.1 General aspects of reproduction in Apogonidae 58 7.2 The reproductive biology of Pterapogon kauderni 75 8 Ecology 94 8.1 Main ecological aspects of Apogonidae 94 8.2 Habitat and microhabitat preference of Pterapogon kauderni 95 8.3 Common fish assemblages including Pterapogon kauderni 101 8.4 Group structure 102 8.5 Reproductive ecology 104 8.6 Trophic habits 109 8.7 Likely predators of Pterapogon kauderni 119 8.8 Natural occurrence of parasites in Pterapogon kauderni 120 9 Genetics 123 9.1 Introduction 123 9.2 Genetic structure in Pterapogon kauderni 124 9.3 Possible spot polymorphism 125 10 Systematics and Evolution 128 10.1 Introduction 128 10.2 Taxonomy of Pterapogon kauderni 130 10.3 Recent phylogenetic studies and intergeneric relationships of Pterapogon 131 10.4 Direct development and the Banggai-Australian connection: Could ontogeny and paleogeography provide hints about the origin and intergeneric relationships of Pterapogon? 132 10.5 Evolution of Apogonidae. The case for a freshwater-origin of the family 138 Part III Conservation 145 11 The Fishery of Pterapogon kauderni 147 11.1 Introduction: Pterapogon kauderni, a species particularly susceptible to high collection pressure 147 11.2 The history of the trade 149 11.3 Field surveys and a bleak conservation situation 150 11.4 The capture, handling and shipping of Pterapogon kauderni: high mortality explained 152 12 Conservation of Pterapogon kauderni, a Challenge Still Ahead 158 12.1 The unsuccessful proposal for regulating the capture and trade of Pterapogon kauderni 158 12.2 The real significance of Pterapogon kauderni in the local economy. Why the livelihood of the Banggai people should not be used as an excuse to prevaricate the protection of this species 160 12.3 The potential benefits of and resistance to regulate the capture and trade of Pterapogon kauderni 161 13 The Lembeh Conundrum, from a Careless Action to a Grave Conservation Situation 166 13.1 The “Lembeh population” and its impact in the Lembeh Strait 166 13.2 A word for the hobbyists 170 Part IV Appendix 173 14 Captive Breeding and Rearing of Pterapogon kauderni 175 14.1 Introduction 175 14.2 Reproduction 176 14.3 Nutritional aspects 181 14.4 Diseases: a new viral infection 183 References 186 Index 198 COMPANION WEBSITE This book has a companion website: www.wiley.com/go/vagelli/cardinalfish with Figures and Tables from the book for downloading

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Book SynopsisThe Handbook of Macroalgae: Biotechnology and Applied Phycology describes the biological, biotechnological and the industrial applications of seaweeds. Vast research into the cultivation of seaweeds is currently being undertaken but there is a lack of methodological strategies in place to develop novel drugs from these sources.Table of ContentsList of Contributors xvii Preface xxi Editor xxiii PART I Introduction to Algae and Their Importance 1 Biological Importance of Marine Algae 3 Ali A. El Gamal 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Interesting natural products and their biological activities from macroalgae (seaweeds) 4 Acknowledgment 27 References 27 2 Seaweeds: The Wealth of Oceans 36 Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty and Amit Kumar Banerjee 2.1 Introduction 36 2.2 Need for marine resources 36 2.3 Various marine resources 36 2.4 Producers in the marine environment 37 2.5 Emergent plants 37 2.6 Seaweed diversity 37 2.7 Uses of seaweeds 37 2.8 Marine farming: global scenario 39 2.9 SEAPURA: an EU effort 39 2.10 Seaweed farming: an Indian scenario 40 2.11 Expanding the existing knowledge base: current research trends in exploring seaweeds 41 2.12 Future prospects 42 2.13 Conclusion 43 References 43 3 Eco-Biochemical Studies of Common Seaweeds in the Lower Gangetic Delta 45 Rajrupa Ghosh, Kakoli Banerjee and Abhijit Mitra 3.1 Seaweeds: an overview 45 3.2 Commercial uses of seaweeds 46 3.3 Indian scenario 46 3.4 Biochemical composition of seaweeds with special reference to Indian Sundarbans 51 References 55 4 Chemodiversity and Bioactivity within Red and Brown Macroalgae Along the French coasts, Metropole and Overseas Departements and Territories 58 Nathalie Bourgougnon and Valerie Stiger-Pouvreau 4.1 Introduction 58 4.2 Exploitation of marine algal resources 60 4.3 Why a focus on red and brown seaweeds? 64 4.4 Marine red seaweeds and biological activities 64 4.5 Marine brown seaweeds and biological activities 68 4.6 The use of metabolites from marine red and brown algae for their chemical defense 73 4.7 The use of metabolites as chemomarkers for taxonomy 81 4.8 Industrial uses of metabolites from marine red and brown algae 82 4.9 Conclusion 89 Acknowledgments 89 References 90 5 Physiological Basis for the use of Seaweeds as Indicators of Anthropogenic Pressures: The Case of Green Tides 106 Jesús M. Mercado 5.1 Introduction 106 5.2 Light absorption 107 5.3 Photosynthesis at sub- and saturating irradiance 108 5.4 Inorganic carbon acquisition 110 5.5 Does the high capacity for using bicarbonate favor the development of green tides? 111 5.6 Conclusions 111 Acknowledgments 112 References 112 6 Significance of the Presence of Trace and Ultratrace Elements in Seaweeds 116 Antonio Moreda-Piñeiro, Elena Peña-V´azquez and Pilar Bermejo-Barrera 6.1 Introduction 116 6.2 Mineral content in seaweed 117 6.3 Trace and ultratrace elements in seaweeds 117 6.5 Chemical speciation 154 References 164 PART II Isolation and Chemical Properties of Molecules Derived from Seaweeds 7 Chemical Composition of Seaweeds 173 Ladislava Mišurcová 7.1 Introduction 173 7.2 Various components of seaweeds 174 7.3 Conclusion 186 References 186 8 Structural Peculiarities of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Red Algae Tichocarpus crinitus (Tichocarpaceae) and Chondrus pinnulatus (Gigartinaceae) Collected at the Russian Pacific Coast 193 Anna O. Barabanova and Irina M. Yermak 8.1 Introduction 193 8.2 Carrageenan sources in the Russian Far East 196 8.3 The polysaccharide composition of algae in relation to the phase of its life cycle 197 8.4 The rheological and viscosity properties of carrageenan from C. pinnulatus and T. crinitus 200 References 201 9 Extraction and Characterization of Seaweed Nanoparticles for Application on Cotton Fabric 205 Sivalingam Thambidurai 9.1 Introduction 205 9.2 Textile materials 205 9.3 Antimicrobial agents 208 9.4 Seaweeds 211 9.5 Extraction and characterization 212 9.6 Antibacterial finishing 216 9.7 Permanent finish 217 Acknowledgments 217 References 218 10 Enzyme-assisted Extraction and Recovery of Bioactive Components from Seaweeds 221 You-Jin Jeon, W.A.J.P Wijesinghe and Se-Kwon Kim 10.1 Introduction 221 10.2 Extraction of bioactive compounds from seaweeds 222 10.3 Role of cell wall degrading enzymes 222 10.4 Importance of enzyme treatment prior to extraction of bioactive compounds 222 10.5 Selection of the enzyme/s and the extraction conditions 222 10.6 Bioactive peptides from seaweeds 223 10.7 Conclusions 226 References 226 11 Structure and Use of Algal Sulfated Fucans and Galactans 229 Vitor H. Pomin 11.1 Introduction 229 11.2 Phylogenetic distribution 230 11.3 Common methods for extraction and structural analyses 230 11.4 General structural features related to phylogenetic occurrence 239 11.5 Industrial applications 242 11.6 Pharmacological properties 247 11.6.7 Effects on cellular growth, migration and adhesion 254 11.7 Major conclusions 255 Acknowledgments 255 References 255 12 Bioactive Metabolites from Seaweeds 262 Jing Hu, Bin Yang, Xiuping Lin, Xue-Feng Zhou, Xian-Wen Yang, and Yonghong Liu 12.1 Introduction 262 12.2 Chemical constituents 263 12.3 Conclusions 280 References 281 13 Seaweed Digestibility and Methods Used for Digestibility Determination 285 Ladislava Mišurcová 13.1 Digestibility 285 13.2 Methods of seaweed digestibility assessment 287 13.3 Factors influencing digestibility of seaweed and seaweed products 291 13.4 Evaluation of seaweed digestibility 295 13.5 Contribution of seaweed to food and feed digestibility 296 13.6 Conclusion 297 References 297 14 Metallation of Seaweed Fucus vesiculosus Metallothionein: As3+ and Cd2+ binding 302 Thanh T. Ngu and Martin J. Stillman 14.1 Introduction 302 14.2 Characterization of the rfMT 303 14.3 Equilibrium metallation studies of rfMT studied using ESI-MS and UV-visible absorption techniques 304 14.4 Dynamic metallation studies of rfMT studied using ESI-MS techniques 306 14.5 Conclusions 315 Acknowledgments 315 References 315 PART III Biological Properties of Molecules Derived from Seaweeds 15 In Vivo and in Vitro Toxicity Studies of Fucoxanthin, a Marine Carotenoid 321 Yoshimi Niwano and Fumiaki Beppu 15.1 Introduction 321 15.2 In vivo oral toxicity study 321 15.3 In vitro and in vivo mutagenicity study 324 15.4 Conclusion 327 References 327 16 Brown Seaweed Lipids as Potential Source of Omega-3 PUFA in Biological Systems 329 Kazuo Miyashita, Bhaskar Narayan, Takayuki Tsukui, Hiroyuki Kamogawa, Masayuki Abe, and Masashi Hosokawa 16.1 Introduction 329 16.2 Omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA 330 16.3 Importance of omega-3 PUFA on human health 331 16.4 Brown seaweed lipids 332 16.5 Bioconversion of LN to DHA 333 16.6 Hepatic DHA enhancement in mice by fucoxanthin 333 16.7 Conclusion 335 References 335 17 Immune Regulatory Effects of Phlorotannins Derived From Marine Brown Algae (Phaeophyta) 340 Phuong Hong Nguyen, il-Whan Choi, Se-Kwon Kim and Won-Kyo Jung 17.1 Introduction 340 17.2 Anti-inflammatory effects of phlorotannins on RAW264.7 macrophage cells 343 17.3 Neuroprotective effects of phlorotannins on BV2 microglial cells 344 17.4 Anti-allergic effects of phlorotannins 344 17.5 Conclusion 346 Acknowledgments 346 References 346 18 In Vivo and In Vitro Studies of Seaweed Compounds 348 Raquel Dom´ınguez Gonzalez, Vanessa Romaris Hortas and Pilar Bermejo Barrera 18.1 Introduction 348 18.2 Methods to study compound bioaccessibility 349 18.3 In vivo versus in vitro methods 352 18.4 Methods with cell culture models 352 18.5 Conclusions 352 References 352 19 Brown Seaweed-Derived Phenolic Phytochemicals and Their Biological Activities for Functional Food Ingredients with Focus on Ascophyllum nodosum 356 Emmanouil Apostolidis and Chong M. Lee 19.1 Introduction: seaweed-derived functional food ingredients 356 19.2 Major commercial brown seaweeds 357 19.3 Brown seaweeds and phenolic phytochemicals 359 19.4 Ascophyllum nodosum: importance and health benefits 361 19.5 Conclusions 365 References 366 20 Antiobesity and Antidiabetic Effects of Seaweeds 371 Chang-Suk Kong and Se-Kwon Kim 20.1 Introduction 371 20.2 Antiobesity and antidiabetic effects of seaweed 372 20.3 Conclusions 375 References 375 21 Health Beneficial Aspects of Phloroglucinol Derivatives from Marine Brown Algae 378 Noel Vinay Thomas and Se-Kwon Kim 21.1 Introduction 378 21.2 Phloroglucinol derivatives (phlorotannins) from marine brown algae 378 21.3 Health beneficial aspects of brown algal phlorotannins 381 21.4 Conclusions and future prospects 385 References 385 22 Biological Effects of Proteins Extracted from Marine Algae 387 Taek-Jeong Nam 22.1 Introduction 387 22.2 Stimulatory effect of a glycoprotein from LAMINARIA Japonica on cell proliferation 387 22.3 Chemoprotective effect of marine algae extracts against acetaminophen toxicity 389 References 396 23 Functional Ingredients from Marine Algae as Potential Antioxidants in the Food Industry 398 Isuru Wijesekara, Mahinda Senevirathne, Yong-Xin Li and Se-Kwon Kim 23.1 Introduction 398 23.2 Marine algae-derived functional ingredients and their antioxidant effect 399 23.3 Conclusion 401 References 401 24 Algal Carotenoids as Potent Antioxidants 403 Kazuo Miyashita, M. Airanthi K. Widjaja-Adhi, Masayuki Abe, and Masashi Hosokawa 24.1 Introduction 403 24.2 Algal carotenoids 404 24.3 Carotenoids as dietary antioxidants 405 24.4 Brown seaweeds as rich source of antioxidants 406 24.5 Antioxidant activity of algal carotenoids 408 24.6 Antiobesity and antidiabetic effect of fucoxanthin 409 24.7 Conclusion 410 References 410 PART IV Biotechnology of Seaweeds 25 Anti-HIV Activities of Marine Macroalgae 417 Thanh-Sang Vo, Dai-Hung Ngo and Se-Kwon Kim 25.1 Introduction 417 25.2 Potential anti-HIV agents from marine macroalgae 417 25.3 Conclusion 421 References 421 26 Biotechnology of Seaweeds: Facing the Coming Decade 424 Lin Hanzhi, Qin Song and Jiang Peng 26.1 Introduction 424 26.2 Biotechnology of seaweeds in ‘blue farming’ 424 26.3 Biotechnology of seaweeds in the chemical industry and pharmacy 425 26.4 Biotechnology of seaweeds in a changing world: their role in bioremediation and bioenergy 426 Acknowledgment 427 References 427 27 Current Trends and Future Prospects of Biotechnological Interventions Through Plant Tissue Culture in Seaweeds 431 Abdul Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed and Rosna Mat Taha 27.1 Introduction 431 27.2 Explants, sterilization and methods used in seaweed production 432 27.3 Micropropagation of seaweeds 434 27.4 Callus and cell suspension culture in seaweed production 435 27.5 Bioprocess technology and cell culture in seaweed production 436 27.6 Remarks and conclusion 438 References 438 28 Detoxification Mechanisms of Heavy Metals by Algal–Bacteria Consortia 441 Enrique J. Peña-Salamanca, Ana Lucia Rengifo-Gallego and Neyla Benitez-Campo 28.1 Introduction 441 28.2 Mechanisms used by algae in heavy metals tolerance and removal 442 28.3 Algal–bacterial mechanisms involved in heavy metal detoxification 444 28.4 Algal–bacteria consortia in the red alga Bostrychia calliptera (Rhodomelaceae) 445 28.5 Biological treatment of heavy metals 446 28.6 Biotechnological applications 447 28.7 Conclusions and future remarks 448 References 448 PART V Natural Resource Management and Industrial Applications of Seaweeds 29 Manufacturing Technology of Bioenergy Using Algae 453 Gyung-Soo Kim 29.1 Introduction 453 29.2 Bioethanol types and characteristics 453 29.3 Foreign and domestic bioethanol industries and technologies 454 29.4 Algal biomass characteristics 455 29.5 Red algae bioethanol production technology 455 29.6 Future technology outlook 459 Acknowledgments 459 References 459 30 Seaweed as an Adsorbent to Treat Cr(VI)-Contaminated Wastewater 461 Saroj Sundar Baral 30.1 Importance of chromium 461 30.2 Harmful effects of Cr(VI) 461 30.3 Different methods of treatment 462 30.4 Case study on adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using seaweed Hydrilla verticillata 465 References 475 31 Using the Biomass of Seaweeds in the Production of Components of Feed and Fertilizers 478 Katarzyna Chojnacka 31.1 Introduction 478 31.2 Seaweeds in fertilizers 478 31.3 Seaweeds in feeds for animals 481 31.4 Using the biomass of seaweeds enriched with microelements by biosorpion in nutrition of plants and animals 484 31.5 Conclusions 486 Acknowledgments 487 References 487 32 Applications of Seaweed in Meat-Based Functional Foods 491 Susana Cofrades, In´es López-López and Francisco Jiménez-Colmenero 32.1 Introduction 491 32.2 Meat-based functional foods 491 32.3 Seaweed as a functional food ingredient in meat products 492 32.4 Conclusions 495 Acknowledgment 496 References 496 33 Industrial Applications of Macroalgae 500 A. Malshani Samaraweera, Janak K. Vidanarachchi and Maheshika S. Kurukulasuriya 33.1 Introduction 500 33.2 Composition of seaweeds 500 33.3 Seaweeds as vegetables: their nutritive value 503 33.4 Applications as functional foods 505 33.5 Application of seaweeds as antioxidants in the food industry 506 33.6 Industrial applications of phycocolloids 508 33.7 Biomedical applications 510 33.8 Macroalgal-derived cosmeceuticals 513 33.9 Applications in agriculture 514 33.10 Applications in pollution detection and control 515 33.11 Utilization of macroalgae for energy production 515 33.12 Conclusions 516 References 516 34 Application of Seaweeds in the Food Industry 522 Cristina García Sartal, María Carmen Barciela Alonso and Pilar Bermejo Barrera 34.1 Introduction 522 34.2 Compounds extracted from algae of interest to the human nutrition industry 522 34.3 Animal feeding 527 34.4 Fertilizers 528 34.5 Conclusion 529 References 529 35 A Dimensional Investigation on Seaweeds: Their Biomedical and Industrial Applications 532 Sudha Narayanan Parapurath, Hebsibah Elsie Bernard, Dhanarajan Malli Subramaniamc and Ramya Ramamurthy 35.1 Introduction 532 35.2 Biomedical applications of seaweeds 534 35.3 Industrial applications of seaweeds 537 35.4 Conclusion 538 Acknowledgment 538 References 538 36 Seaweed Polysaccharides – Food Applications 541 Vazhiyil Venugopal Menon 36.1 Introduction 541 36.2 Major functions of polysaccharides in a food system 541 36.3 Interactions of polysaccharides with food components 542 36.4 Major food applications of polysaccharides 542 36.5 Regulatory and commercial aspects 551 References 552 Index 557

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Book SynopsisA pioneering marine biologist takes us down into the deep ocean to understand bioluminescence—the language of light that helps life communicate in the darkness—and what it tells us about the future of life on Earth in this “thrilling blend of hard science and high adventure” (The New York Times Book Review). NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY BOOKLIST • “Edith Widder’s story is one of hardscrabble optimism, two-fisted exploration, and groundbreaking research. She’s done things I dream of doing.”—James CameronEdith Widder’s childhood dream of becoming a marine biologist was almost derailed in college, when complications from a surgery gone wrong caused temporary blindness. A new reality of shifting shadows drew her fascination to the power of light—as well as the importance of optimism. As her vision cleared, Widder found the intersec

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Book SynopsisThis is the first handbook devoted to sea cucumbers in the waters of British Columbia, southeast Alaska and northern Washington.Trade ReviewThis guide is highly recommended for anyone interested in coastal natural history. The authoritative text is generously supplemented with excellent colour and black-and-white photographs as well as with line drawings. -- Patrick Colgan, Canadian Book Review AnnualTable of ContentsPreface Introduction Origins of Sea Cucumbers Characteristics of Sea Cucumbers External Anatomy Internal Anatomy Reproduction Predators Physiology Behaviour Parasites and Commensals Economic Importance Classification Conservation Species Covered Key to Shallow-Water Species Species Descriptions Family Stichopodidae Parastichopus californicum Parastichopus leukothele Family Synallactidae Pseudostichopus mollis Synallactes challengeri Family Psolidae Psolidium bidiscum Psolus chitonoides Psolus squamatus Family Cucumariidae Subfamilies Cucumariinae & Thyonidiinae Cucumaria frondosa japonica Cucumaria miniata Cucumaria pallida Cucumaria piperata Cucumaria pseudocurata Cucuaria vegae Pseudocnus curatus Pseudocnus lubricus Subfamily Thyonidiinae Ekmania diomedeae Thyonidium kurilensis Family Phllophoridae Subfamily Thyoninae Pentamera lissoplaca Pentamera populifera Pentamera pseudocalcigera Pentamera trachyplaca Pentamera sp. A Pentamera sp. B Thyone benti Family Sclerodactylidae Eupentacta pseudoquinquesemita Eupentacta quinquesemita Family Molpadiidae Molpadia intermedia Family Caudinidae Paracaudina chilensis Family Synaptidae Leptosynapta clarki Leptosynapta transgressor Family Chiridotidae Chiridota species Acknowledgments General References References Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisAn interdisciplinary study of the Kuroshio nutrient stream The surface water of the Kuroshio, a western boundary current in the North Pacific Ocean, is nutrient-depleted and has relatively low primary productivity, yet abundant fish populations are supported in the region. This is called the Kuroshio Paradox. Kuroshio Current: Physical, Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Dynamics presents research from a multidisciplinary team that conducted observational and modeling studies to investigate this contradiction. This timely and important contribution to the ocean sciences literature provides a comprehensive analysis of the Kuroshio. Volume highlights include: New insights into the role of the Kuroshio as a nutrient stream The first interdisciplinary examination of the Kuroshio Paradox Reflections on the influence of the Kuroshio on Japanese culture Research results on both the lower and higher trophic lTable of ContentsContributors vii Preface ix Section I: Introduction 1 The Kuroshio: Its Recognition, Scientific Activities and Emerging Issues 3Hiroaki Saito 2 The Research Advancements and Historical Episodes brought by the Kuroshio Flowing across Generations 13Takeyoshi Nagai, Kazuyuki Otsuka, and Hiroshi Nakano 3 The Gulf Nutrient Stream 23Josep L Pelegrí, Ignasi Valles‐Casanova, and Dorleta Orue‐Echevarría 4 On the Role of the Gulf Stream in the Changing Atlantic Nutrient Circulation During the 21st Century 51Daniel B Whitt Section II: Physical and Biogeochemical Dynamics 5 Structure and Impact of the Kuroshio Nutrient Stream 85Kosei Komatsu and Yutaka Hiroe 6 Multiscale Routes to Supply Nutrients Through the Kuroshio Nutrient Stream 105Takeyoshi Nagai, Sophie Clayton, and Yusuke Uchiyama 7 Contribution of Kuroshio Recirculation to Nutrient Transport Along the Kuroshio South of Japan: An Analysis of Model Results 127Xinyu Guo, Yingying Hu, and Yoshikazu Sasai 8 The Kuroshio‐Induced Nutrient Supply in the Shelf and Slope Region off the Southern Coast of Japan 137Hiroshi Kuroda 9 Progress of Studies on Kuroshio Path Variations South of Japan in the Past Decade 147Norihisa Usui 10 Island Mass Effect 163Daisuke Hasegawa 11 Impact of Ocean Physics on Marine Ecosystems in the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension Regions: A High‐Resolution Coupled Physical‐Biological Model Study 175Yoshikazu Sasai, Makio C Honda, Eko Siswanto, Sami Kato, Kazuyuki Uehara, Hideharu Sasaki, and Masami Nonaka Section III: Ecosystem Dynamics 12 Phytoplankton Distribution in the Kuroshio Region of the Southern East China Sea in Early Spring 191Toru Hasegawa, Satoshi Kitajima, and Yoko Kiyomoto 13 Spatial Variations in Community Structure of Haptophytes Across the Kuroshio Front in the Tokara Strait 207Hisashi Endo and Koji Suzuki 14 Variability in Taxonomic Composition, Standing Stock, and Productivity of the Plankton Community in the Kuroshio and its Neighboring Waters 223Toru Kobari, Yurie Kobari, Hiroomi Miyamoto, Yuji Okazaki, Gen Kume, Reo Kondo, and Akimasa Habano 15 Diverse Trophic Pathways from Zooplankton to Larval and Juvenile Fishes in the Kuroshio Ecosystem 245Yuji Okazaki, Hiroomi Miyamoto, Koji Suzuki, Hiroaki Saito, Kiyotaka Hidaka, and Tadafumi Ichikawa 16 Feeding Ecology of Chaetognath Flaccisagitta enflata in the Kuroshio Region, Western North Pacific 257Hiroomi Miyamoto, Dharmamony Vijai, Yuji Okazaki, and Hiroaki Saito 17 Reproduction and Early Life History of Mesopelagic Fishes in the Kuroshio Region: A Review of Recent Advances 273Chiyuki Sassa 18 Variability in Growth Rates of Japanese Jack Mackerel Trachurus japonicus Larvae and Juveniles in the East China Sea – Effects of Temperature and Prey Abundance 295Motomitsu Takahashi, Chiyuki Sassa, Kou Nishiuchi, and Youichi Tsukamoto Index 309

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Book SynopsisFrom the New York Times bestselling author of Evidence of Harm and Animal Factorya groundbreaking scientific thriller that exposes the dark side of SeaWorld, America''s most beloved marine mammal park Death at SeaWorld centers on the battle with the multimillion-dollar marine park industry over the controversial and even lethal ramifications of keeping killer whales in captivity. Following the story of marine biologist and animal advocate at the Humane Society of the US, Naomi Rose, Kirby tells the gripping story of the two-decade fight against PR-savvy SeaWorld, which came to a head with the tragic death of trainer Dawn Brancheau in 2010. Kirby puts that horrific animal-on-human attack in context. Brancheau''s death was the most publicized among several brutal attacks that have occurred at Sea World and other marine mammal theme parks.Death at SeaWorld introduces real people taking part in this debate, from former trainers turned

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Book SynopsisDiscover the world's ocean--from tides and currents to the creatures living in it to the impact it has on our lives, whether we know it or not--in this richly illustrated overview of the life force that defines and sustains our planet, written by world-renowned oceanographer Sylvia Earle.  Everything you want to know about the ocean can be found inside these beautiful and dynamic pages. National Geographic Ocean unveils the power and significance of our planet's watery essence: the fundamental importance of the ocean in shaping Earth's climate and chemistry as well as its vital role in supporting a multitude of life-forms, including our own human race.   World-renowned oceanographer and National Geographic Explorer in Residence Sylvia Earle--affectionately called 'Her Deepness'--guides readers with her lyrical style and inspiring wisdom, describing the evolution, beauty, and impact of our ocean; the challenges it faces, such a

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Book SynopsisAn extraordinary illustrated overview of the National Marine Sanctuary System and a guide to its fourteen protected underwater locationsAmerica''s Marine Sanctuaries tells the story of fourteen underwater places so important they are under special protection, together forming the US National Marine Sanctuary System. These sanctuaries, spanning more than 620,000 square miles and ranging from the Florida Keys to the Great Lakes and to the Hawaiian Islands, are critical and breathtaking marine habitats that provide homes to endangered and threatened species. They also preserve America''s rich maritime heritage and act as living laboratories for science, research, education, and conservation, offering outdoor recreation experiences for all ages. Through 175 full-color photographs and lively narrative, America''s Marine Sanctuaries showcases each of the marine sanctuaries and the creatures that live there, from whales and manatees to Hawaiian monk seals and Laysan ducks, as well as sunken ships from the Ghost Fleet and USS Monitor to Shipwreck Alley. The book underscores how marine sanctuaries have shaped the nation''s development, survival, and identity, and celebrates these protected underwater treasures for all they can tell us about our communities, our country, and our world.

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Book SynopsisThe North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) is the most endangered large whale in the oceans today. Fewer than 350 are left in their breeding and feeding grounds, which extend from Nova Scotia to the Gulf of Mexico. Survivors of hundreds of years of commercial exploitation, the right whales we see in the ocean today are barometers for the plight of whales in the 21st century. For over 900 years, beginning about a.d. 1000, whalers from Europe and the Americas hunted North Atlantic right whales almost out of existence. By 1935, when they were at last given international protection as an endangered species, some scientists suspected that there were fewer than 100 right whales left in the North Atlantic Ocean. Most thought the right whale was doomed to extinction. Disappearing Giants: The North Atlantic Right Whale describes and illustrates an ongoing story of science and rediscovery, of survival and protection, and of research, without which we cannot hope to protect the right whale's habitat along 1,400 miles of the east coast of North America, from Nova Scotia to Florida. Disappearing Giants: The North Atlantic Right Whale also describes in great detail the history and current status of the species, from the reason for its name, to the way each individual can be recognized, the species' feeding and breeding habits, migration, and life in the wilderness of the Atlantic Ocean. Scott Kraus is the director of research and Kenneth Mallory is the editor-in-chief of the publishing program at the New England Aquarium. Between them they have published books and numerous scientific papers as well as children's books, one of which they wrote together, Search for the Right Whale, published in 1992.

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