Marine biology Books

Book SynopsisKiller tales from an award-winning cinematographer and marine biologist. Marine biologist and underwater cameraman Richard ‘Shark Tracker’ Fitzpatrick wrangles sharks and other deadly marine creatures for a living. From the coral gardens of the Great Barrier Reef to the murky depths of the Amazon, Fitzpatrick shares his real-life experiences with predators of the deep – from sharks and box jellyfish to sea snakes. A mixture of mind-boggling anecdotes and science provide an intimate insight into marine life and the conservation issues at stake.

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Book SynopsisMarine biology involves the research of life in the seas, oceans and saline waters, which form the habitat for organisms like corals on the seafloor and others such as archaea, bacteria and marine mammals. The discipline also includes how humans have changed the ocean biology, like how fisheries work or the impacts of overfishing. The most biologically and chemically varied habitat on Earth is the marine environment, which provides different marine-derived products for industrial and pharmaceutical use, such as enzymes and molecules. This volume discusses recent developments in interdisciplinary research in marine biology, including synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, which have considerably improved the production of goods derived from marine sources. From ocean habitat conservation to applied science, marine biotechnology provides significant biological resources. Marine organisms create a vast range of metabolites with biological functions useful for humans, such as antioxidant, anti-microbial, cytotoxic, anticancer, insecticidal, herbicidal, pro-osteogenic and pro-regenerative, anti-coagulant, cholesterol-lowering, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, nutritional, horticultural, photoprotective, or other valuable properties. The authors of this volume outline the recent progress in the use of marine enzymes and molecules in biotechnology, including the rising demand for substitute sources of, pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals, food, feed, and unique bio-based products that could be met by these metabolites.Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to Marine Biology Chapter 2 Marine Fishes Chapter 3 Marine Reptiles Chapter 4 Marine Mammals Chapter 5 Marine Invertebrates Chapter 6 Marine Microbes Chapter 7 Marine Habitats Chapter 8 The Nature of Ocean Waters Chapter 9 Humans Harvesting Ocean's Resources (Fishing) Chapter 10 Ocean on Threat

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Book SynopsisAdvances in research and development reveal the immense diversity and potential of marine genetic resources. Under international law, no specific regime applies to these complex and paradoxical objects of use. The Law of the Sea Convention sets a framework that is partly inadequate for this new category of resources. The Biodiversity Convention and the Nagoya Protocol only address the genetic resources of national areas. Patents allow their holder to exercise a monopoly on exploiting biotechnological creations to extensive claims, questioning the common nature of biodiversity and related knowledge. They hinder research and the objectives of biodiversity law. The legal and practical rules of physical and functional access vary in geometry. They focus on the valorization of research results, crystallizing conflicts of interest between suppliers and users. Sustainable research and development is essential to the knowledge and protection of marine biodiversity. The qualification of marine genetic resources in common, standard contractual tools, distributed research and development infrastructures, negotiation of an agreement on sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, would To remove these inconsistencies.Table of ContentsForeword ix Introduction xi Chapter 1. The Scientific Representation of the Living World: A Dual Concept Between Nature’s and Humans’ Shares 1 1.1. Natural sciences: the given living world 2 1.1.1. Taxonomy: the observation of the living world 2 1.1.2. Systematics: the identification of the living world 10 1.2. Life sciences: the constructed living world 18 1.2.1. Biological sciences: the exploration of the living world 18 1.2.2. Bio-technosciences: the instrumentalization of the living world 25 Part 1. Singular Objects Moving Toward Reservation 35 Chapter 2. Exploitable Raw Materials 37 2.1. Genetic material: natural resources defined according to their conditions of appropriation 38 2.1.1. Appropriable natural things 41 2.1.2. Things on the verge of exclusive appropriation 45 2.2. Marine genetic resources: biological resources defined according to their destination 58 2.2.1. Traditional marine living resources exploited for food and industrial purposes 59 2.2.2. New marine biological resources searched for the purposes of scientific and biotechnological valorization 63 Chapter 3. Patentable Biotechnological Inventions 75 3.1. The patentability of life of any origin: an established principle 80 3.1.1. The uncontested patentability of inventions of microorganic origin 81 3.1.2. The logical acceptance of the patentability of inventions of macroorganic origin 87 3.2. The patentability of life in all its forms: a questionable reality 98 3.2.1. An overall commodification of the living world 99 3.2.2. A gradual privatization of research in life sciences 109 Part 2. Global Objects Moving Toward Sharing 117 Chapter 4. Residual Res Communes 119 4.1. Res communes due to disinterest 120 4.1.1. Non-appropriable things as a matter of principle 121 4.1.2. Things of common use 134 4.2. Common resources at risk 137 4.2.1. The tragedy of the genetic pool 138 4.2.2. The tragedy of the scientific “anticommons” 151 Chapter 5. Reconstructing the Commons 157 5.1. Renewal of the commons in a context of global interdependencies 160 5.1.1. Global public goods: a theoretical and global approach to the commons 162 5.1.2. Common-pool resources: a concrete and nuanced approach to the commons 166 5.2. An attempt to apply renewed figures of the commons to marine biodiversity and associated knowledge 172 5.2.1. A desirable communitarization 172 5.2.2. A communitarization difficult to implement 186 Conclusion 197 Appendices 199 Appendix 1. Classical Marine Bioprospecting: Biochemistry and Genetic Engineering 201 Appendix 2. Modern Marine Bioprospecting: Metagenomics 203 Appendix 3. The Drug Research and Development Steps 205 Appendix 4. Risk Assessment in the Bioprospecting Process 207 Appendix 5. Aleatory Component Comparison in Fishing and Bioprospecting 209 Appendix 6. Patent Claims Over Genes of Marine Origin 211 Appendix 7. Illustrative Database on Marine Biotechnological Innovations 213 Bibliography 231 Index 263

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Book SynopsisThe genetic improvement of fish for aquaculture and related fisheries has seen huge advances over recent years. Building upon the previous two editions of Aquaculture and Fisheries Biotechnology: Genetic Approaches, this 3rd edition offers a presentation of traditional selective breeding, modern genetic biotechnology, genomics, gene transfer and gene editing, and the latest developments in genetic biotechnology such as epigenetics, xenogenesis and genome-wide association study coupled with commercial application, the impact of government regulation and expectations for the future. It provides a firm grounding in relevant aspects of classical genetics, before focusing on particular aspects such as sex reversal and breeding as applied in aquaculture and fisheries. It also explores how more recent molecular genetics, genomics and biotechnology techniques can be used and combined in improvement programmes for fish and aquaculture species. A glossary explains the latest terminology used in biotechnology and genetics.This book will be useful for research scientists and students in marine biotechnology, aquaculture biotechnology, and fish genetics and breeding.

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Book SynopsisThis practical book provides an updated resource for the identification of bacteria found in animals inhabiting the aquatic environment, illustrated with colour photos. It contains expanded biochemical identification tables to include newly identified pathogenic and saprophytic bacteria, molecular identification tests now available for a greater number of aquatic bacterial pathogens, more information on the pathogenesis and virulence of each organism and new coverage of traditional and molecular identification of fungal pathogens and quality assurance standards for laboratories.Table of Contents1: Aquatic Animal Species and Organism Relationship 2: Bacteriological Culture Techniques: Microscopy, Culture and Identification 3: Biochemical Identification Tables 4: Technical Methods 5: Fungi , Yeasts and Oomycetes from Fish and Other Aquatic Organisms 6: Techniques for the Molecular Identification of Bacteria 7: Preparation of Media for Culture and Identification 8: Further and Other Information Sources 9: Common name Scientific Name 10: Glossary of terms 11: REFERENCES 12: Index

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Book SynopsisMarine resources and their exploitation, recovery and economic networks they generate are here from the perspective now inevitable growing environmental constraints, policy management and technical innovation. The recent development of marine biotechnology , the discovery of a great pharmacopoeia especially in reef environments , the development of marine renewables , are examples which show that man can develop through these new technologies property and services of the ocean. But this development resources under pressure of global change requires not only taking into account technical, but also social and political. This is the price that the analysis of maritime activities will assess the sustainability and development of various economic sectors and coastal populations, faced with the objectives of a "blue growth" associated with a return to the "good state" of the marine environment.Table of ContentsFOREWORD xi CHAPTER 1. THE SERVICES PROVIDED BY MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: ECONOMIC ASSESSMENTS AND THEIR USAGES 1 Harold LEVREL, Pedro CABRAL, Océane MARCONE and Rémi MONGRUEL 1.1. Marine ecosystem services 1 1.1.1. Ecosystem services 1 1.1.2. A historic balance leading to an inefficient exploitation of ecosystem services 4 1.1.3. Marine ecosystem services 6 1.2. The monetary evaluation of ecosystem services 11 1.2.1. The factors that motivate demands for monetary evaluation 11 1.2.2. Monetary evaluation methods and their limits 14 1.3. The monetary evaluation of ecosystem services: some results for marine ecosystems 20 1.4. The effective use of the assessment of benefits associated with ecosystem services 26 1.4.1. The expected uses of monetary evaluation 26 1.5. A complementary approach: assessing the cost of maintaining ecosystem services 29 1.5.1. The principles of assessment 29 1.5.2. Evaluation of the cost of the degradation of the environment in the directive framework “Strategy for the marine habitat” 30 1.6. Toward multifaceted evaluations of ecosystem services using a spatial approach 34 1.6.1. The integrated spatial evaluation of marine and coastal ecosystem services 34 1.6.2. The spatial integrated assessment of ES and the compromises associated with their development 37 1.6.3. Tools for spatial integrated assessment of ecosystem services 38 1.7. Conclusions 41 1.8. Bibliography 42 CHAPTER 2. FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE SUSTAINABILITY 53 Sylvestre VOISIN and Pierre FRÉON 2.1. Sustainability and responsibility of provisioning: learning the lessions from overfishing 53 2.1.1. Introduction: challenges and summary of key points 54 2.1.2. The initial fisheries approach challenged by the complexity of the ocean ecosystem and the failures of fisheries regulation 59 2.1.3. Contributions of the new sciences on sustainability and responsibility 68 2.1.4. New accounting framework for sustainability and responsibility: integrating uncertainty and “uncontrollability” in fishery and aquaculture management 86 2.2. Sustainability evaluation methods: translation of scientific knowledge for a political debate 94 2.2.1. Classification and good use of the sustainability and responsibility evaluation methods 94 2.2.2. Sustainability analysis of fisheries and aquaculture supply chains: state of the art, trends of the new practices and case study 96 2.2.3. Relevance of the concepts of ecosystem-based fisheries management, bioeconomics, sustainable and responsible consumption of seafood products 118 2.3. Interpretations of the evaluations of sustainability/responsibility in global performance: scenarios of complex organization policies and strategies 121 2.3.1. Interpretation of the sustainability analysis and knowledge management 121 2.3.2. Large prospective scenarios on the organization of fisheries and marine aquaculture supply chains in a globalized context 124 2.3.3. Conclusion and perspective: toward an integrated sustainable and responsible approach to fishery and aquaculture management 131 2.4. Acknowledgments 134 2.5. Appendices 135 2.5.1. Appendix 1 135 2.5.2. Appendix 2 136 2.5.3. Appendix 3 137 2.6. Bibliography 138 CHAPTER 3. FISHERIES ECONOMICS 153 Christian CHABOUD 3.1. Outline of fisheries economics 153 3.1.1. Object of fisheries economics 153 3.1.2. Specific features and characteristics of fisheries economics 154 3.2. The bioeconomic approach of fisheries 160 3.2.1. Gordon–Schaefer’s model 161 3.2.2. Dynamic non-equilibrium model 187 3.2.3. The Clark Munro’s model: the golden rule of the intertemporal allocation of natural capital 193 3.2.4. The age-structured bioeconomic models 200 3.2.5. Toward more realistic and complex bioeconomic models 210 3.3. Contribution of economics to fisheries management 211 3.3.1. A negative view about the efficiency of public policies in the fishery sector 211 3.3.2. A classification attempt of the tools for fisheries management 214 3.3.3. An economic assessment of the relevance of the tools of fisheries management 215 3.4. Conclusion: the contributions of fisheries economics and its future evolution 222 3.5. Bibliography 224 CHAPTER 4. MARITIME ECONOMY: DEFINITION AND MAIN ASPECTS 233 Régis KALAYDJIAN 4.1. Overview of the European maritime economy 235 4.1.1. Marine resources 235 4.1.2. Maritime transport 240 4.1.3. Management of the marine environment 242 4.1.4. The diversity of the maritime economy 244 4.2. The European maritime policy and its economic information requirements 245 4.3. Sector-based approach to the maritime economy 250 4.4. Maritime economy coverage 253 4.5. Maritime economy: sector-based approach and methodology issues 256 4.6. Sector-based approach to the French maritime economy 258 4.7. From a sector-based approach to a maritime basins approach 261 4.7.1. Economic and social assessment of the MSFD: use of marine waters 262 4.7.2. The Atlantic maritime basin: a European project 267 4.8. Ecosystems and costs of degradation 267 4.8.1. Ecosystem approach to the costs of degradation 268 4.8.2. Practical application of the ecosystem approach 272 4.8.3. Direct approach to degradation costs 273 4.8.4. Combining the different approaches: the problem of local data 275 4.9. Conclusions 278 4.10. Appendices 280 4.11. Bibliography 284 LIST OF AUTHORS 291 INDEX 293

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Book SynopsisIn a perspective of sustainable management, the balance between ecological dynamics, social and economic are now at the heart of ecological modeling and environmental strategies screenwriting. Diversity and marine ecosystems function illustrates biodiversity, habitat diversity, structures and food webs in various oceans of the world and systems: pelagic and benthic ecosystems, coral reefs and seagrass beds, oasis of hydrothermal vents ridges or areas rich upwelling. Appropriate observation methods, long-term monitoring and modeling reveal the complexity of systems, trophic interactions and spatiotemporal dynamics. The ecosystem approach is a prerequisite to assess the state of these systems, their living resources and ecological services involved in local and global environmental changes.Table of ContentsForeword ixAndré MARIOTTI and Jean-Charles POMEROL Chapter 1. Marine Biosphere, Carbonate Systems and the Carbon Cycle 1Luc BEAUFORT 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Marine organisms and carbon 3 1.3. Variability in the production of organic matter 4 1.4. From the biosphere to the atmosphere to climate 7 1.5. Carbonate production 9 1.5.1. Importance of biological carbonate production in the evolution of the planet 10 1.5.2. Carbonate compensation depth 12 1.5.3. Carbonates and climate 15 1.6. The coupling of carbonaceous and organic productions 16 1.7. Modification of equilibria and consequences on marine life 17 1.8. Conclusion 20 1.9. Bibliography 21 Chapter 2. Biodiversity of Phytoplankton: Responses to Environmental Changes in Coastal Zones 25Tania HERNÁNDEZ-FARIÑAS and Cédric BACHER 2.1. Introduction 25 2.2. Phytoplankton ecology 26 2.2.1. General characteristics 26 2.2.2. Lifecycle 28 2.2.3. Spatial distribution32 2.2.4. Temporal variability and successions 33 2.2.5. Adaptive strategies 35 2.2.6. Functional diversity 40 2.2.7. Ecological niche 42 2.3. Phytoplankton responses to anthropogenic pressures 44 2.3.1. Main sources of anthropogenic variability 45 2.3.2. Responses with regard to biomass, abundance and species composition 48 2.3.3. Changes in spatial distribution 54 2.3.4. Changes in phenology and amplitude of blooms 56 2.3.5. Size spectrum 59 2.4. Observation systems for the identification of phytoplankton 60 2.4.1. Detecting changes in time series 60 2.4.2. Taxonomic aggregation levels 63 2.5. Conclusion 65 2.6. Bibliography 66 Chapter 3. Marine Seagrasses (Magnoliophyta) in the Intertropical Zone 81Christian HILY 3.1. From plant to habitat 81 3.1.1. Taxonomy and morphology of marine magnoliophyta 81 3.1.2. Biogeography 85 3.1.3. The seagrass habitat 86 3.2. Role of seagrass beds in the coastal environment 87 3.3. Functioning of seagrass beds 89 3.3.1. Production and metabolism 89 3.3.2. Trophic network 90 3.4. Challenges in the conservation of seagrass beds 92 3.4.1. Rare and endangered species 92 3.4.2. Specific role of seagrasses: ichthyofauna of coastal environments 93 3.4.3. Services provided by seagrass beds to humans 95 3.5. Pressures on and threats to seagrasses 95 3.5.1. Cyclones 96 3.5.2. Emersion 96 3.5.3. Global climate change 96 3.5.4. Fishing 97 3.5.5. Boating and water sports 98 3.5.6. The extraction of sandy or coral materials 98 3.5.7. Amenities 98 3.5.8. Terrigenous effluents 98 3.5.9. Harvesting 99 3.6. Restoration of seagrass beds 100 3.7. The functional role of seagrasses in the lagoon ecosystem 101 3.8. Conclusion 103 3.9. Bibliography 104 Chapter 4. Biocomplexity of Coral Ecosystems: Diversity in All its States 107Michel KULBICKI, Mehdi ADJEROUD, Laure CARASSOU, Pascale CHABANET, Valeriano PARRAVICINI, Dominique PONTON, Fanny HOULBREQUE and Laurent VIGLIOLA 4.1. Introduction 107 4.2. Diversity in the coral world 111 4.2.1. Overview. 112 4.2.2. Diversity of the main constituents of coral reefs 119 4.3. Links between diversities 138 4.3.1. From local to regional 138 4.3.2. From species to function 143 4.4. Conclusion 154 4.5. Bibliography 155 Chapter 5. Man and Diversity in the Coral Environment 165Michel KULBICKI, Mehdi ADJEROUD, Laure CARASSOU, Pascale CHABANET, Valeriano PARRAVICINI, Dominique PONTON, Fanny HOULBREQUE and Laurent VIGLIOLA 5.1. Introduction 165 5.2. Diversity and ecological services 166 5.2.1. Main ecological services 166 5.2.2. Diversity, robustness, resilience and disturbances 180 5.3. Local versus global threats: what are local threats and what are their effects? 186 5.3.1. Eutrophication 187 5.3.2. Pollution by chemical products and hydrocarbons 189 5.3.3. Impacts of coastal development 190 5.3.4. Coral diseases 191 5.4. What are the combined effects of local and global threats on corals? 192 5.5. Functions and diversity 194 5.5.1. What to protect? 194 5.5.2. Protection means 197 5.6. Conclusion 208 5.6.1. Reefs as a model? 208 5.6.2. Do coral reefs have a future? 209 5.7. Bibliography 210 Chapter 6. Hydrothermal Vents: Oases at Depth 225Jozée SARRAZIN and Daniel DESBRUYÈRES 6.1. Introduction to deep-sea ecosystems 225 6.2. Discovery of hydrothermal sources 228 6.3. Geology and geochemistry of hydrothermal systems 229 6.3.1. Formation of hydrothermal vents 229 6.3.2. Chemical composition of hydrothermal fluids 232 6.4. Microbial chemosynthesis 233 6.5. Symbioses and trophic chains 236 6.5.1. Symbioses 236 6.5.2. Trophic network 241 6.6. Distribution of fauna at different spatial scales 244 6.6.1. Ridges of the East Pacific 244 6.6.2. Ridges of the Northeast Pacific 245 6.6.3. Mid-Atlantic Ridge 246 6.6.4. Sites in the West Pacific 248 6.6.5. Ridges in the Indian Ocean 250 6.6.6. Ridges in the Southern Ocean 252 6.6.7. Cayman Ridge 253 6.6.8. Biogeography of deep hydrothermal vents 254 6.7. Faunal microdistribution and interactions 255 6.7.1. Environmental conditions 256 6.7.2. Biotic interactions 263 6.8. Temporal dynamics of hydrothermal ecosystems 265 6.8.1. Temporal studies associated with an eruption 266 6.8.2. Temporal studies of active sites 269 6.8.3. Deep-sea observatories 272 6.8.4. Dispersion of larvae and recruitment 273 6.9. Mineral resources and exploitation 275 6.10. Bibliography 279 List of Authors 293 Index 295

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Book SynopsisCoastwise examines the coastline of the British Isles as a dynamic environment and offers you an understandable explanation of how the coastline functions as a single entity. It is supported by hundreds of stunning photos and illustrations. It begins by exploring how the forces of nature combine to create its physical features (and continue to do so). This is a multifaceted story that involves ancient geology and powerful ocean forces. It then turns to the living nature of the coast, covering the unique plants, animals and other organisms whose interdependence keeps the coast alive and healthy. These amazing creatures are described and displayed in full colour. The third part of the book looks at how humans have interacted with the coast, using it for defence, commerce and leisure. It explores these aspects from the earliest times to the present day. The final section shows, for each coastal region, where the features discussed in the book can be observed and enjoyed, giving you a practical way of exploring the elements described in the book. All aspects of the coast are covered, making it essential reading – or a wonderful gift – for all those who spend time on Britain’s coast. As Countryfile presenter, Tom Heap, says in his Foreword: “These pages are a practical love letter to Britain’s waterfront and no seaside holiday home should be without them.”Trade Review“This subtly passionate book is the perfect companion to anyone with an interest in the coast… As a sailor, scientist and programme maker Peter Firstbroook is clearly smitten by the bit of this country where solid meets liquid… The breadth of this book is staggering… Coastwise is unafraid of a little light science and much the better for it. Knowledge helps us get so much more out of the coast… These pages are a practical love letter to Britain’s waterfront and no seaside holiday home should be without them.” (Tom Heap, Countryfile Presenter) “Coastwise is a particularly well-structured book… Every statement is immediately illustrated with a photograph… In itself, it’s a thoroughly useful – and very attractive – volume… It would make a useful family possession and an excellent gift for interested youngsters, ready to make discoveries for themselves.” (Yachting Monthly) “Sailors and coastal dwellers and explorers will love it but everybody will find answers questions they’ve had about the shoreline… It’s jam-packed full of photographs and diagrams, and finds a perfect balance between sometimes complex concepts and easy reading. It’s accessible, very readable and endlessly fascinating. It’s basically an encyclopaedia of the coast.” (Kit Pascoe) “Whether you live there, work there or are just visiting, Coastwise is your perfect companion. His relaxed narrative, clear illustrations and beautiful photography will appeal to anyone with an interest in the world around them. Coastwise will educate and fascinate readers of all ages, as you’re guided around Britain and some of its most beautiful locations.” (RNLI Lifeboat) “All aspects of the coats are covered, making it essential reading – or a wonderful gift – for all those who spend time on Britain’s coast.” (Sailing Today) “Beautifully illustrated love letter to Britain’s coast.” (Ocean Sailor) “This splendid, substantial hardback book, with many wonderful photographs, covers the coast of the British Isles in just the right detail.” (Little Ship Club, Autumn)Table of ContentsForeword; Author’s Note; Introduction: This Precious Stone Set In The Silver Sea; PART ONE: THE PHYSICAL COAST: Headlands & Cliffs; Beaches, Bays & Barrier Islands; Estuaries, Wetlands & Salt Marshes; Waves, Whirlpools, Surges & Tides; Coastal Rocks & Fossils; PART TWO: THE LIVING COAST: Plankton & Plants; Free Drifters & Bottom Dwellers; Molluscs & Crustaceans; The Carnivores; Coastal Birds; PART THREE: THE HUMAN COAST: The Coast As Defence; The Commercial Coast; The Leisure Coast; PART FOUR: DISCOVERING THE BRITISH COAST; Acknowledgements & Credits; Index

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Book SynopsisIn diesem Buch berichten 95 Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler über ihre Forschung im Ozean und an den Küsten. Sie führen den Leser von den eisbedeckten Polarmeeren über die Nord- und Ostsee bis zu den Seegraswiesen, tropischen Mangroven und Korallenriffen. Die Beiträge veranschaulichen die Vielfalt der Lebensgemeinschaften zwischen Strand und Tiefsee. Das Größenspektrum der Organismen reicht von Walen und Fischen über Planktonkrebse und Muscheln bis zu Kieselalgen und Bakterien. Die globalen – vom Leben im Meer bestimmten – Stoffkreisläufe werden ebenso behandelt wie die molekularbiologischen Anpassungen der Mikroorganismen, und hier sind auch die größten methodischen Fortschritte zu verzeichnen.Zu den spannenden Themen der angewandten Meeresforschung gehören die Überfischung und die nachhaltige Nutzung der Meere, die Gefährdung durch Schad- und Nährstoffeinträge, das Einschleppen fremder Organismen und die Zerstörung von Lebensräumen. Vielfältig und bereits deutlich nachweisbar sind die Einflüsse des globalen Klimawandels auf das Leben im Meer. Forschungsschiffe, Unterwasser-Roboter, Gensonden und Datenbanken, aber auch mathematische Modelle und naturnahe Experimente sind wichtige Werkzeuge der Meeresbiologen. Exkurse über die Geschichte und Struktur der meeresbiologischen Forschung in Deutschland runden die Übersicht ab.In 48 selbständigen Beiträgen fügt sich die Vielfalt moderner, meeresökologischer Forschung zu einem faszinierenden Gesamtbild zusammen. Das Buch richtet sich an Lehrende und Lernende und an alle, die sich für das Meer und seine Bewohner, für modernes Ressourcenmanagement und marinen Naturschutz interessieren.vbiehivjoeTrade Review“... Die Autoren nehmen den Leser mit auf eine virtuelle Reise um den halben Erdball, nur diesmal unter Wasser. ... überall ist die Forschung präsent und zeigt die große Formenvielfalt des Lebensraumes im freien Wasser als dem größten »Biovolumen« auf der Erde ...” (Eva Opitz, in: Freiburger Universitätsblätter, September 2017)“... steht jeder Artikel auch für sich, so dass man an fast beliebiger Stelle in das Buch einsteigen kann.Alle Beiträge sind ansprechend illustriert und geben dem interessierten Leser am Ende Tipps für Informationen im Internet sowie für weiterführende Literatur ...” (Dr. Doris Fischer-Henningsen, in: Treffpunkt Buch plus, 2017)“... Für interessierte Laien hingegen stellt das Buch genau die richtige Mischung aus detaillierten Informationen und dem großen Überblick dar. ... Für jeden, der sich für den größten und am wenigsten erforschten Lebensraum unserer Erde interessiert, ist „Faszination Meeresforschung“ genau das Richtige. Und jungen Menschen, die das Studium der Meeresbiologie anstreben, kann man es ganz besonders ans Herz zu legen, da es perfekt zusammenfasst, was sie im Studium erwartet.” (Peter Diehl, in: Mitteilungen der POLLICHIA, Jg. 98, 2017)“… Zu erstaunlich vielen Themen findet der interessierte Leser tiefgründige Beiträge, die auch für Laien verständlich geschrieben sind. Vermutlich wird das Angebot sogar den Wissensdurst vieler Meeresaquarianer übersteigen, aber zahlreiche Kapitel helfen, die mannigfaltige Unterwasserwelt besser zu durchschauen.” (Werner Fiedler, in: Aquaristik Fachmagazin, Jg. 49, Heft 256, August-September 2017)“… Das vorliegende Buch gibt einen wahrlich faszinierenden Einblick in die vielen Facetten eines geradezu unendlichen Lebensraumes. Für Lehrende, Studierende und Laien ist das Buch eine immense Fundgrube an Wissen, das man in solch kompakter und wie im Titel versprochen lesbarer Form nicht wieder findet.” (Prof Dr. Helmut Schuhmacher, in: Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau, Jg. 70, Heft 828, Juni 2017)“... Allen, die sich für Meere und Ozeane interessieren, ist dieses Buch zu empfehlen- und allen, die meinen, andere für eine Beschäftigung mit Meeren und Ozeanen “erwärmen” zu wollen, ist anzuraten, dieses Buch bei nächster Gelegenheit auf deren Geschenktisch zu legen. ... Dieses Werk taugt gleichermaßen zum lehrreichen Schmökern wie zum schnellen informativen Nachschlagen; insofern ist die Empfehlung "für alle" mehr als gerechtfertigt ...” (Waterkant, Jg. 32, Heft 2, Juni 2017)Table of ContentsProlog.- 1 Die physikalische Umwelt „Meer“.- 2 Der marine Kohlenstoffkreislauf.- 3 Das Pelagial.- 4 Eine virtuelle Reise durch den Atlantik – Energieflüsse, Nahrungswege und Anpassungspfade.- 5 Das Leben im Eispalast: Flora und Fauna des arktischen Meereises.- 6. Wechselwirkungen zwischen Meeresboden und Ozean: Die pelago-benthische Kopplung im Südpolarmeer.- 7 Auftriebsgebiete und El Niño.- 8 Das Bakterioplankton – Riese und Regulator im marinen Stoffumsatz.- 9 Das Phytoplankton im Überblick.- 10 Die wichtigsten Gruppen des Zooplanktons.- 11 Krill und Salpen prägen das antarktische Ökosystem.- 12 Mikroplastikmüll im Meer.- 13 Tintenfische – die Spitzenathleten der Weltmeere,- 14 Meeresschildkröten haben es schwer.- 15 Fischbrut im Nahrungsnetz.- 16 Der arktische Polardorsch und der Antarktische Silberfisch: Erfolgsgeschichten im Eismeer.- 17 Seevögel und ihre Ernährungsweisen als Spiegel der Meeresumwelt.- 18. Schweinswale in der Ostsee – Forschung für den Artenschutz.- 19 Leben am Meeresboden.- 20 Mikroorganismen des Tiefseebodens: Vielfalt, Verteilung, Funktion.- 21 Stabilität, Störungen oder Zufall: Was steuert marine Biodiversität?.- 22 Dunkle Energie: Symbiosen zwischen Tieren und chemosynthetischen Bakterien.- 23 Meeresküsten – ein Überblick.- 24 Leben auf festem Grund – Hartbodengemeinschaften.- 25 Muschelbänke, Seegraswiesen und Watten an Sand- und Schlickküsten.- 26 Mikroalgen in der Grenzschicht zwischen Sediment und Wasser.- 27 Wälder unter Wasser – Großalgengemeinschaften.- 28 Mangroven – Wälder zwischen Land und Meer.- 29 Ökosystem Korallenriff – Schatzkammer der Meere.- 30 Die Ostsee.- 31. Belastungen unserer Meere durch den Menschen.- 32 Wie wirkt der Klimawandel auf das Leben im Meer?.- 33 Ozeanversauerung: Gewinner und Verlierer im Plankton.- 34 CO2-Wirkung auf Meerestiere.- 35 Helgoland, Krill und Klimawandel.- 36 Klimaflüchtlinge, Migranten und Invasoren.- 37 Die Weltfischerei – mit weniger Aufwand fängt man mehr.- 38 Nachhaltiges Fischereimanagement – kann es das geben?.- 39 Zum Beispiel Kabeljau und Hering: Fischerei, Überfischung und Fischereimanagement im Nordatlantik.- 40 Der tote Leviathan – ein Streifzug durch die Geschichte des antarktischen Walfangs.- 41 Sushi und die Algenfarmen.- 42 Kultur von Meerestieren– mehr Eiweißnahrung aus dem Meer.- 43 Über Forschungsschiffe.- 44 Der Hausgarten in der Framstraße: Von der Momentaufnahme zur Langzeituntersuchung.- 45 Neue Methoden der Artbestimmung.- 46 Zeitmaschine DNA – die verschlüsselte Evolutionsgeschichte im Erbgut.- 47 Computermodelle als Werkzeuge der Meeresökologen.- 48 Meeresbiologische Forschungsinstitute in Deutschland.- Epilog.

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Book SynopsisSi los bosques son los pulmones del planeta, los animales migratorios que atraviesan océanos, arroyos y montañas son su corazón y arterias, quienes bombean nutrientes vitales como nitrógeno y fósforo desde las profundidades marinas hasta las cumbres montañosas, del Ártico al Caribe.Durante décadas, la ciencia ha estudiado las dinámicas evidentes que moldean nuestro mundo físico. Sin embargo, fuerzas menos glamurosas ?como los cadáveres en descomposición y los excrementos depositados? han sido largamente ignoradas, a pesar de su profundo impacto en los ecosistemas locales y en el ciclo climático global. La pura verdad es que defecar y orinar son rituales cotidianos para casi todos los animales, las elipsis invisibles de la ecología que fluyen a través de toda vida.Esta obra nos transporta en una aventura global estimulante e instructiva, desde los volcanes islandeses hasta las aguas tropicales hawaianas, pasando por las grandes llanuras estadounidenses, con el propósito de revelar las extraordinarias formas en que las actividades biológicas de los animales construyen y reconstruyen constantemente nuestro mundo.Una lectura imprescindible para comprender de manera más profunda estos ciclos fundamentales que ofrece oportunidades inesperadas para revertir el daño ambiental que la humanidad ha infligido a nuestro planeta, recordándonos que, en la naturaleza, incluso los procesos más elementales son esenciales para mantener el delicado equilibrio de la vida.

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Book SynopsisOceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review remains one of the most cited sources in marine science and oceanography. The ever-increasing interest in work in oceanography and marine biology and its relevance to global environmental issues, especially global climate change and its impacts, creates a demand for authoritative refereed reviews summarizing and synthesizing the results of both historical and recent research. This Volume celebrates 60 years of OMBAR, over which time it has been an essential reference for research workers and students in all fields of marine science. The peer-reviewed contributions in Volume 60 are available to read Open Access via this webpage and on OAPEN. If you are interested in submitting a review for consideration for publication in OMBAR, please email the Editor-in-Chief, Stephen Hawkins (S.J.Hawkins@soton.ac.uk) for Volume 61. For Volume 62 onwards, please email the new co-Editors in Chief, Dr Peter Todd (dbspat@nTable of Contents1. Prologue: Sixty years of Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review (OMBAR) – a brief retrospective and prospective. 2. Editorial: An OMBAR perspective on the United Nations’ Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. 3. Pedunculate cirripedes of the genus Pollicipes – 25 years after Margaret Barnes‘ review. 4. Diversity, distribution, ecology, and conservation status of the family Syngnathidae in southern and western Africa. 5. Hotspots of Cenozoic tropical marine biodiversity. 6. The status and future of blue carbon ecosystems in Sri Lanka: conservation, restoration and policy. 7. The ecology of kelp gametophytes and implications in a changing ocean. 8. Progress and direction in the use of stable isotopes to understand complex coral reef ecosystems: a review. 9. Larval settlement in echinoderms: a review of processes and patterns. 10. The intimate relationship between boxer crabs and sea-anemones: what is known and what is not. 11. Amounts, sources, fates and ecological impacts of marine litter and microplastics in the western Indian ocean region: a review and recommendations for actions. 12. Vertical faunal exchange in the ocean and the deep source-sink hypotheses: insights from pressure tolerance studies. 13. Adaptations and plastic phenotypic responses of marine animals to the environmental challenges of the high intertidal zone. 14. Epilogue: MARGARET BARNES 1919 – 2009: AN APPRECIATION.

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Book SynopsisBiology Trending is a truly innovative introductory biology text. Designed to combine the teaching of biological concepts within the context of current societal issues, Biology Trending encourages introductory biology students to think critically about the role that science plays in their world. This book features many current and relevant topics, including sea-level changes and ocean acidification; CRISPR/Cas9, opioid abuse, Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19; threats to biodiversity, and cancer immunotherapies. It is accompanied by digital Instructor and Student Resources to support teaching and learning.Key Features Adopts an issues approach to teaching introductory biology Up-to-date sections throughout, including climate change, CRISPR, new hominids, COVID-19, and new cancer therapies, among many others Suitable for both major and nonmajor courses More succinct for ease in teaching and more affordable for students<Table of Contents1. Biology, Science, and Society2. Genes, Chromosomes, and DNA 3. Human Genetics and Gene Expression4. Genetic Engineering and Genomics 5. Evolution 6. Classifying Nature's Diversity 7. Human Variation 8. Nutrition, Ciculation, and Health 9. Population and Reproduction 10. Stem Cells, Cell Division, and Cancer 11. The Nervous System and Senses 12. Aging and Alzheimer's Disease 13. Drugs and Addiction 14. Mind, Body, and Immunity 15. HIV and AIDS 16. New Infectious Threats 17. Plants to Feed the World 18. Biodiversity and Threatened Habitats 19. Climate Change and Other Threats to the Biosphere

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Book SynopsisWithout light there would be no life in the sea. Since the seas were the cradle for the evolution of all life forms, the theme of this 1990 book is central to our understanding of the interaction between living organisms and their environments.Table of ContentsPart I. Introduction M. Whitfield; Part II. Physics of Light in the Sea: 1. The light field in the ocean: its modification and exploitation by the pelagic biota S. Sathyendranath and T. Platt; 2. Remote sensing - information from the colour of the seas I. S. Robinson; 3. Optical oceanography: an assessment of a towed method J. Aiken and I. E. Bellan; Part III. Photosynthesis and Development: 4. The photic zone P. Tett; 5. Light harvesting and pigment composition in marine phytoplankton and macroalgae M. J. Dring; 6. The response of picophytoplankton to light I. R. Joint; 7. Light and development: cellular and molecular aspects of photomorphogenesis and brown algae C. Brownlee; Part IV. Vision: 8. Light and vision at depths greater than 200 metres E. J. Denton; 9. Optics of the eyes of marine animals M. F. Land; 10. The colour sensitivity and vision of fishes J. C. Partridge; 11. Messengers of transduction and adaptation in vertebrate photoreceptors H. R. Matthews; 12. Photoreception in squid H. R. Saibil; Part V. Behaviour: 13. Herring behaviour in the light and dark J. H. S. Blaxter and R. S. Batty; 14. Crepuscular behaviour of marine fishes G. W. Potts; 15. Light and the capture of marine animals P. L. Pascoe; Part VI. Bioluminescence: 16. Bioluminescent communication in the sea P. J. Herring; 17. The chemistry of bioluminescence: origins and mechanism F. McCapra; 18. Living light: from the ocean to the hospital bed A. K. Campbell; Part VII. Summary and Perspectives; Part VIII. Bibliography; Part IX. Index.

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