Life sciences: general issues Books

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an extensive overview of the principles and methods of sample size calculation and recalculation in clinical trials. Appropriate calculation of the required sample size is crucial for the success of clinical trials. At the same time, a sample size that is too small or too large is problematic due to ethical, scientific, and economic reasons. Therefore, state-of-the art methods are required when planning clinical trials. Part I describes a general framework for deriving sample size calculation procedures. This enables an understanding of the common principles underlying the numerous methods presented in the following chapters. Part II addresses the fixed sample size design, where the required sample size is determined in the planning stage and is not changed afterwards. It covers sample size calculation methods for superiority, non-inferiority, and equivalence trials, as well as comparisons between two and more than two groups. A wide range of further topics is discussed, including sample size calculation for multiple comparisons, safety assessment, and multi-regional trials. There is often some uncertainty about the assumptions to be made when calculating the sample size upfront. Part III presents methods that allow to modify the initially specified sample size based on new information that becomes available during the ongoing trial. Blinded sample size recalculation procedures for internal pilot study designs are considered, as well as methods for sample size reassessment in adaptive designs that use unblinded data from interim analyses. The application is illustrated using numerous clinical trial examples, and software code implementing the methods is provided. The book offers theoretical background and practical advice for biostatisticians and clinicians from the pharmaceutical industry and academia who are involved in clinical trials. Covering basic as well as more advanced and recently developed methods, it is suitable for beginners, experienced applied statisticians, and practitioners. To gain maximum benefit, readers should be familiar with introductory statistics. The content of this book has been successfully used for courses on the topic.Trade Review“The R source code is shown by chapter, well-documented, and easy to find and follow as brief descriptions and necessary specifications for the function calls are given by means of comments. … a wide area of application fields is covered and exhaustive literature references for further reading are given. … The presentation of the material is very reader-friendly, easily accessible and pedagogical … . It is likewise highly recommended … . This is an effective and nicely written reference textbook.” (Oke Gerke, ISCB News, iscb.info, Vol. 72, December, 2021)Table of ContentsPart I Basics 1 Introduction 1.1 Background and outline 1.2 Examples 1.2.1 The ChroPac trial 1.2.2 The Parkinson trial 1.3 General considerations when calculating sample sizes 2 Statistical test and sample size calculation 2.1 The main principle of statistical testing 2.2 The main principle of sample size calculation Part II Sample size calculation 3 Comparison of two groups for normally distributed outcomes and test for difference or superiority 3.1 Background and notation 3.2 z-test 3.3 t-test 3.4 Analysis of covariance 3.5 Bayesian approach 3.5.1 Background 3.5.2 Methods 4 Comparison of two groups for continuous and ordered categorical outcomes and test for difference or superiority 4.1 Background and notation 4.2 Continuous outcomes 4.3 Ordered categorical outcomes 4.3.1 Assumption-free approach 4.3.2 Assuming proportional odds 5 Comparison of two groups for binary outcomes and test for difference and superiority 5.1 Background and notation 5.2 Asymptotic tests 5.2.1 Difference of rates as effect measure 5.2.2 Risk ratio as effect measure 5.2.3 Odds ratio as effect measure 5.2.4 Logistic regression 5.3 Exact unconditional tests 5.3.1 Background 5.3.2 Fisher-Boschloo test 6 Comparison of two groups for time-to-event outcomes and test for differences or superiority 6.1 Background and notation 6.1.1 Time-to-event data 6.1.2 Sample size calculation for time-to-event data 6.2 Exponentially distributed time-to-event data 6.3 Time-to-event data with proportional hazards 6.3.1 Approach of Schoenfeld 6.3.2 Approach of Freedman 7 Comparison of more than two groups and test for difference 7.1 Background and notation 7.2 Normally distributed outcomes 7.3 Continuous outcomes 7.4 Binary outcomes 7.4.1 Analysis with chi-square test 7.4.2 Analysis with Cochran-Armitage test 7.5 Time-to-event outcomes 8 Comparison of two groups and test for non-inferiority 8.1 Background and notation 8.2 Normally distributed outcomes 8.2.1 Difference of means 8.2.2 Ratio of means 8.3 Continuous and ordered categorical outcomes 8.4 Binary outcomes 8.4.1 Analysis with asymptotic tests 8.4.1.1 Difference of rates as effect measure 8.4.1.2 Risk ratio as effect measure 8.4.1.3 Odds ratio as effect measure 8.4.2 Exact unconditional tests 8.4.2.1 Background 8.4.2.2 Difference of rates as effect measure 8.4.2.3 Risk ratio as effect measure 8.4.2.4 Odds ratio as effect measure 8.5 Time-to-event outcomes 9 Comparison of three groups in the gold standard non-inferiority design 9.1 Background and notation 9.2 Net effect approach 9.3 Fraction effect approach 10 Comparison of two groups for normally distributed outcomes and test for equivalence 10.1 Background and notation 10.2 Difference of means 10.3 Ratio of means 11 Multiple comparisons 11.1 Background and notation 11.2 Generally applicable sample size calculation methods and applications 11.2.1 Methods 11.2.2 Applications 11.3 Multiple endpoints 11.3.1 Background and notation 11.3.2 Methods 11.4 More than two groups 11.4.1 Background and notation 11.4.2 Dunnett test 12 Assessment of safety 12.1 Background and notation 12.2 Testing hypotheses on the event probability 12.3 Estimating the occurrence probability of an event with specified precision 12.4 Observing at least one event 13 Cluster-randomized trials 13.1 Background and notation 13.2 Normally distributed outcomes 13.2.1 Cluster-level analysis 13.2.2 Individual-level analysis 13.2.3 Dealing with unequal cluster size 13.3 Other scale levels of the outcome 14 Multi-regional trials 14.1 Background and notation 14.2 Sample size calculation for demonstrating consistency of global results and results for a specified region 14.3 Sample size calculation for demonstrating a consistent trend across all regions 15 Integrated planning of phase II/III drug development programs 15.1 Background and notation 15.2 Optimizing phase II/III programs 16 Simulation-based sample size calculation Part III Sample size recalculation 17 Background Part IIIA Blinded sample size recalculation in internal pilot study designs 18 Background and notation 19 A general approach for controlling the type I error rate for blinded sample size recalculation 20 Comparison of two groups for normally distributed outcomes and test for difference or superiority 20.1 t-Test 20.1.1 Background and notation 20.1.2 Blinded variance estimation 20.1.3 Type I error rate 20.1.4 Power and sample size 20.2 Analysis of covariance 20.2.1 Background and notation 20.2.2 Blinded variance estimation 20.2.3 Type I error rate 20.2.4 Power and sample size 21 Comparison of two groups for binary outcomes and test for difference or superiority 21.1 Background and notation 21.2 Asymptotic tests 21.2.1 Difference of rates as effect measure 21.2.2 Risk ratio and odds ratio as effect measure 21.3 Fisher-Boschloo test 22 Comparison of two groups for normally distributed outcomes and test for non-inferiority 22.1 t-Test 22.1.1 Background and notation 22.1.2 Blinded variance estimation 22.1.3 Type I error rate 22.1.4 Power and sample size 22.2 Analysis of covariance 23 Comparison of two groups for binary outcomes and test for non-inferiority 23.1 Background and notation 23.2 Difference of rates as effect measure 23.3 Risk ratio and odds ratio as effect measure 24 Comparison of two groups for normally distributed outcomes and test for equivalence 25 Regulatory and operational aspects 26 Concluding remarks Part IIIB Unblinded sample size recalculation in adaptive designs 27 Background and notation 27.1 Group-sequential designs 27.2 Adaptive designs 27.2.1 Combination function approach 27.2.2 Conditional error function approach 28 Sample size recalculation based on conditional power 28.1 Background and notation 28.2 Using the interim estimate of the effect 28.3 Using the initially specified effect 28.4 Using prior information as well as the interim effect estimate 29 Sample size recalculation by optimization 30 Regulatory and operational aspects 31 Concluding remarks Appendix: Selected R software code References

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Book SynopsisThis book assembles many of the great leaders of the senior living and care industry to discuss their paths to and views on leadership. Each chapter provides readers with ideas, information, and inspiration on how to achieve leadership in this dynamic, mission-focused industry. It includes various strategies for success, such as promoting meaning and purpose in corporate culture, making decisions in the absence of perfect information, managing your personal assets of relationships and reputation, and finding competitive advantages through technology, training, and team-building. These leaders also share their experiences responding to COVID-19 and discuss how the pandemic may change the future of leadership in the industry. Whether your path starts in gerontology, nursing, social work, design, real estate, finance, law, operations, or technology, and whether one pursues work in the private, nonprofit, or government sectors, this volume provides a valuable resource for all aspiring and developing leaders in the senior living industry.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. How an Innovator Thinks: Applied Evangelism.- Chapter 3. The Founder.- Chapter 4. Pioneer in Assisted Living.- Chapter 5. A Revolutionary in Aging.- Chapter 6. Changing the World: From Government to Assisted Living.- Chapter 7. Memory Care Futurist.- Chapter 8. From Pro Athlete to Senior Living to Pro Sports. Chapter 9. Leading the Way, South of the Border.- Chapter 10. Competition channeled into Leadership. Chapter 11. A Social Entrepreneur.- Chapter 12. Hippie at the Helm.- Chapter 13. Breaking the Mold.- Chapter 14. Innovating Senior Living.- Chapter 15. Making Decisions Without All the Information.- Chapter 16. Marketing My Way into Senior Living.- Chapter 17. Transforming an Organization.- Chapter 18. Financial Leadership.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first textbook solely dedicated to the study of exocrine glands and cells throughout the human body. Students will gain a broad overview of the whole exocrine system, it’s structural features and learn to understand it’s integral parts in almost all bodily functions. Taking a systemic approach, the author guides readers through the different organ sites, shapes, methods of secretion and their secretory products. Starting with the glands of the integument, which is covering the outside of the body, the chapters proceed to also discuss the urinary tract, respiratory, digestive and reproductive systems. Various levels of complexity, from single goblet cells to the major organs, are thoroughly explained. A basic knowledge in histology is advantageous, for the numerous and rich illustrations. With its inviting writing style, this textbook is a perfect learning tool for students in Physiology and Medicine – particularly considering Dentistry, Dermatology, Gastroenterology and Pulmonology.Table of ContentsTABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures…………………………………………..………………xi List of Tables…………………………………………………………... xii Acknowledgements……………………………………………………..xiv Preface…………………………………………………………………...v List of Acronyms……………………………………………………….xii Chapter 1 Introduction to Exocrinology 1.1 Gland 1.2 Types of Exocrine glands Chapter 2 Exocrine Glands of the Integument 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Basic Histology of the Integumentary System 2.3 Glands of the Integument Chapter 3 Exocrine Glands of the Respiratory System 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Anatomy and Histology of the Nasal Cavity 3.3 Paranasal Sinuses 3.4 The Nasopharynx, Oropharynx and Larynx 3.5 Respiratory System Chapter 4 Exocrine Glands of the Alimentary Tract System Section Part I 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Exocrine Glands of the Lips 4.3 Exocrine Glands of the Hard Palate 4.4 Exocrine Glands of the Tongue 4.5 The Major Salivary Glands Chapter 5 Exocrine Glands of the Alimentary Tract System Section Part II 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Esophagus 5.3 Stomach 5.4 Small Intestines 5.5 Large Intestines 5.6 Rectum and Anal Canal Chapter 6 Exocrine Glands of the Alimentary Tract System Section III 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Pancreas 6.3 Liver 6.4 Gall Bladder Chapter 7 Exocrine Glands of the Reproductive System 7.1 Introduction Chapter 8 Exocrine Glands of the Urinary system 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The Exocrine Kidney 8.3 Ureters 8.4 Bladder 8.5 Urethra 8.6 UrineChapter 9 Exocrine Glands of the Sensory Organs 9.1 The Ear 9.2 The Eye 9.3 Glands of the nose and tongue Index

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an overview of the emerging topics in biostatistical theories and methods through their applications to evidence-based global health research and decision-making. It brings together some of the top scholars engaged in biostatistical method development on global health to highlight and describe recent advances in evidence-based global health applications. The volume is composed of five main parts: data harmonization and analysis; systematic review and statistical meta-analysis; spatial-temporal modeling and disease mapping; Bayesian statistical modeling; and statistical methods for longitudinal data or survival data. It is designed to be illuminating and valuable to both expert biostatisticians and to health researchers engaged in methodological applications in evidence-based global health research. It is particularly relevant to countries where global health research is being rigorously conducted.Table of Contents1. Harmonization of Longitudinal Population Data: evidence from three rural health and demographic surveillance system nodes in South Africa.- 2. Adjusting for Selection Bias in Assessing the Efficacy of Health Inputs on Birth Outcome: Evidence from South-Saharan Africa.- 3. An Indirect Assessment of the Effect of Anthropogenic Activities on the Ecology of the Intermediate Snail Host for Schistosoma Haematobium.- 4. Diagonal Reference Modeling of Effects of Couples' Educational Differences on Women's Health Care Utilization in Sub-Saharan Africa - Gebrenegus Ghilagaber, Michael Carlson.- 5. Sequential Modeling of Parity Progression Ratios in Sub-Saharan Africa.- 6. Evidence-informed Public Health, Systematic Reviews, and Meta-analysis.- 7. Meta-analysis Methods and Empirical Comparison of Aggregate Data and Individual Participant Data Results from Sample Survey Data.- 8. Statistical Meta-analysis and its Efficience Between Summary Statistics and Individual Participant-level Data: A Monte-Carlo simulation study.- 9. Multivariate Disease Mapping for Multiple Health Outcomes.- 10. Measuring Spatial Dependence of Non-communicable Diseases in South Africa.- 11. Mapping Health Outcomes in Sub-Saharan African Region Using Survey Data, Adjusting for Survey Data - Sheyla Rodrigues Cassy.- 12. Spatial Multi-criteria Decision Analysis in Health Sciences: Fifteen years of applications and trends.- 13. Estimating Determinants of Stage at Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Prevalence in Western Nigeria Using Bayesian Logistic Regression.- 14. Dynamic Bayesian Adjustment of Educational Gradients in Divorce Risks: Disentangling causation and misclassification.- 15. Bayesian Dynamic Models for Time-Varying Outcomes: Applications to a patient cohort on ART.- 16. Suicide Ideation and Associated Factors Among School-going Adolescents in Namibia: A Multilevel logistic regression.- 17. Bayesian Inference in the Extended Generalized Gamma Model and its Special Cases: With applications on demographic and health survey data from Sub-Saharan Africa.- 18. Changing Effects of Covariates on Childhood Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: A dynamic Bayesian survival modeling approach.- 19. Group Outliers and Influence Assessments in Clustered Survival Data Modeling.- 20. Joint Modeling of Competing Risks Survival and Longitudinal Data

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Book SynopsisYou Must be Very Intelligent is the author’s account of studying for a PhD in a modern, successful university. Part-memoir and part-exposé, this book is highly entertaining and unusually revealing about the dubious morality and desperate behaviour which underpins competition in twenty-first century academia. This witty, warts-and-all account of Bodewits´ years as a PhD student in the august University of Edinburgh is full of success and failure, passion and pathos, insight, farce and warm-hearted disillusionment. She describes a world of collaboration and backstabbing; nefarious financing and wasted genius; cosmopolitan dreamers and discoveries that might just change the world… Is this a smart people’s world or a drip can of weird species? Modern academia is certainly darker and stranger than one might suspect… This book will put a wry, knowing smile on the faces of former researchers. And it is a cautionary parable for innocents who still believe that lofty academia is erected upon moral high ground…Trade Review“A new novel about academic life is not a ringing endorsement, to say the least. But it will make you laugh. And that’s the point.” (Colleen Flaherty, Inside Higher Ed, February, 2018)“The story is immersive, and I felt like I was there with our hero every step of the way.” (Chemistry World, chemistryworld.com, January 2018)“Karin Bodewits’ partly autobiographic book ‘You must be very intelligent – The PhD Delusion’ is a revealing, tongue in cheek tale about PhD life.” (Ulrike Träger, Metior Magazine, November, 2017)“PhD novel is ‘wake-up call’ on supervisor-student ‘power plays’” (Times Higher Education, November, 2017)Table of ContentsDedication.- Foreword.- Prologue.- Part I: Before.- Part II: Year 1.- Part III: Year 2.- Epilogue.

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Book Synopsis"Mood Matters" makes the radical assertion that all social events ranging from fashions in music and art to the rise and fall of civilizations are biased by the attitudes a society holds toward the future. When the "social mood" is positive and people look forward to the future, events of an entirely different character tend to occur than when society is pessimistic. The book presents many examples from every walk of life in support of this argument. In addition, methods are given to actually measure the social mood and to project it into the future in order to forecast what’s likely or not over varying periods of time. Casti's writing is a pleasure to read and its contents an eye-opener."They [the chapters] tell an engrossing story, and the mystery heightens as it goes. . . . it's chatty and knowing." Greg Benford, Physicist and science-fiction writer, author of "Timescape" and "Deep Time""I am struck by how thought-provoking it all is. I am sure that your book will draw a lot of attention" Tor Norretranders, Science writer, author of "The Generous Man" and "The User Illusion". Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:"They [the chapters] tell an engrossing story, and the mystery heightens as it goes. . . . it's chatty and knowing." Greg Benford, Physicist and science-fiction writer, author of "Timescape" and "Deep Time""I am struck by how thought-provoking it all is. I am sure that your book will draw a lot of attention" Tor Norretranders, Science writer, author of "The Generous Man" and "The User Illusion".“This is John Casti’s bold hypothesis in Mood Matters, which challenges both traditional financial theory and human gut reaction about how the world works. … The wealth of facts he presents should serve as valuable fuel for future scientific researchers arguing both for and against socionomics. In these times of financial turmoil, many people will pick up Mood Matters with the hope of predicting financial markets. … The book emphasizes the importance of sociometers in signaling that fate.” (Richard Taylor, Science, Vol. 329, September, 2010)“Readable, exhaustively researched, and completely iconoclastic, this book was a pleasure for me on many levels. I am always eager to hear about new ways to view this old world, and Casti has a very new way to view world events. His thesis is that the mood of the people isn’t MADE by events, but … MAKES events. … The exhaustive research I mentioned is all documented in his appendices.” (Richard Derus, LibraryThings, October, 2010)“In Mood Matters (2010) John Casti says a lot of things … about how ones attitude (mood) shapes events, and how we cycle back and forth between pessimism and optimism (mood). … a thought provoking book.” (LibraryThing, August, 2010)“Mood Matters is great fun to read as Casti’s writing throughout is smooth, intelligent and humorous. … Casti explores the correlation between the ‘mood of the crowd’ and a range of other trends … and events, including the fall of nations and the outbreak of war. It is a hugely interesting and wide-ranging study. … For those involved in assessing trends and in predicting future events, whether social, political or economic, this book … change the whole way they ply their trade.” (Goodreads, August, 2010)“John Casti … offers a truly unique and different perspective of why things happen – in our lives, in our world, and in our political systems. … I find John’s views of external events to be fresh and interesting … . he gives a very interesting view of how social influences indirectly – yet directly – impact the economic well-being of our society … . John has done a really nice job … . Mood Matters is a very well-written book, very detailed, and very thorough.” (Abraham Aizenman, TodayNewsline, February, 2011)Table of ContentsIntroducing Unconventional Wisdom.- Why 'Stuff Happens.-Why Hits Happen (short timescale events).-Why Wars, Elections, and Economic Crises Happen(medium timescale events).- Why Great Powers Come and Go (long timescale events).- How to Forecast Coming Events.-

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Table of ContentsIntroductory Remarks.- Methodology and Physiology Chairmen: G.V.R. Born and K. Breddin.- The Platelet as an Inflammatory Cell.- Platelet Aggregation in the Pathogenesis of Cerebrovascular Disorders.- The Mathematical Analysis of the Human Platelet Aggregation Mechanism and Its Clinical Application.- Quantitative Valuation of Platelet Aggregation Curves through the Calculation of a Numerical Index.- The Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Human Platelets: Effects of Diet and Possible Functional Significance.- Enhanced Platelet Aggregation as a Risk Factor for Progress and Complications of Vascular Disease. New Findings with a Platelet Aggregation Test (PAT III) and on the Dependence of Different Aggregation Tests on Morphologic Platelet Changes.- Pathogenesis Chairmen: M. Anthony, T. Abe, E.J. Acheson, J.S. Meyer, J. Marshall, K.J. Zülch.- Thrombosis and Embolism as a Cause of Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disturbances. Analysis from a Series of 1000 Patients.- Platelet Adhesiveness and Cerebral Vascular Disease Revisited.- The Significance of Platelet Aggregation in Amaurosis Fugax.- Mechanisms of Platelet 5-Hydroxytryptamine Release in Migraine.- Experimental observations on Platelet Emboli in Focal Brain Ischemia.- Observations on Platelet Aggregability in the Acute Phase of Untreated Strokes.- Microembolism in the Nervous System.- Influence of Plasma Components in the Development of Conditions of Increased Platelet Aggregation Found in a Number of Vascular Diseases.- Mechanism Associated with Platelet Adhesiveness in Cerebrovascular Disease.- Regional Intravascular Coagulation and Microthrombosis in Traumatic Brain Lacerations in Man.- Platelet Aggregation in Cerebrovascular Patients.- In Vivo Effect of Cyclic AMP and Related Drugs on Platelet Function.- Platelet Hyperreactivity and Decreased Survival in Chronic Cerebrovascular Patients. Chronic Defibrination Syndrome?.- Arterial Hypertension and Platelet Aggregation in the Patho-Pathogenesis of Cerebrovascular Diseases.- Smoking, Cerebrovascular Diseases and Platelet Functions.- Contribution of Platelet Aggregation and Serotonin Release to Progressive Cerebral Infarction.- Effect of Agents which Modify Platelet Aggregation and/or Coagulation on Experimental Platelet Embolism and Intravascular Coagulation.- Platelet Abnormalities in Cerebrovascular Diseases.- Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation by Synthetic Organic Acids: Quantitative Relationships Between Chemical Structures and Biological Activities.- Some Observations of Platelet Changes in Atherosclerosis and Some Observations in the Platelet Alterations Before and After Antiaggregant Drugs in Normal and Atherosclerotics.- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Chairmen: C.A. Bouvier, W.S. Fields, O.N. Ulutin, A. Rascol.- Inhibition of Platelet Thrombus Formation by Pharmacological Agents.- A Long-Term Clinical Trial with Antiplatelet Agents in Cerebrovascular Ischemia: Biological and Methodological Aspects.- Effect of Aspirin and Dipyridamole on Platelet Function and on Neurologic Evaluation of Patients Affected by Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attacks.- The Pharmacologic Control of the Enhanced Platelet Aggregation in Preventive Neurology.- Aspirin in Cerebral Ischemia.- The Canadian Cooperative Studies of the Effect of Platelet-Suppressing Drugs in Transient Cerebral Ischemic Attacks.- On the Relationships Between the Activation of the Complement System and the Platelet Aggregation.- Discussion and Concluding Remarks.- Chairmen’s Considerations.- Concluding Remarks.

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Book SynopsisBasic essentials for black-and-white artwork 137 11. 2. 11. 2. 1. Paper 137 11. 2. 2. Pencils 141 11. 2. 3. Inks 142 11. 2. 4. Pens 142 11. 2. 5. Rulers and set squares 143 11. 2. 6. Templates and stencils 143 11. 2. 7. Erasers 144 Scalpels 144 11. 2. S. 11. 2. 9. Burnishers 144 11. 2. 10. Adhesives 152 11. 2. 11. Drafting tape 152 11. 2. 12. Drawing boards 153 11. 3. Other useful items for black-and-white artwork 153 11. 3. 1. Self-adhesive tapes 153 11. 3. 2. Dry-transfer symbols and lettering 154 11. 3. 3. Tone sheets 155 11. 3. 4. 'Pounce' powder 156 11. 3. 5. Fixatives and varnishes 156 11. 4. Additional materials for colour and OHP work 157 11. 4. 1. Self-adhesive colour sheets 157 11. 4. 2. Paints 157 11. 4. 3. Brushes 157 11. 4. 4. Cells and foils (acetate sheets) 158 11. 5. Working comfort 158 11. 5. 1. Organisation 158 11. 5. 2. Furniture 158 11. 5. 3. Lighting 159 12. Basic techniques 160 12. 1. Care and preparation of paper 160 12. 2. Ink work 160 12. 2. 1. Use of technical drawing pens 160 12. 2. 2. Blotting 163 12. 2. 3. Drawing ink lines 163 12. 2. 4. Finishing-off ink lines 165 12. 2. 5. Use of templates and stencils 165 12. 2. 6. Short cuts 165 12. 3. Correcting errors in ink work 167 12. 3. 1.Trade Review`Publish or perish is a cliché, but true and we all take it seriously. As a result the total medical output doubles about every seven years. Some books form important stepping stones to greater production, and easier life and the more efficient use of resources. This book is one to be recommended highly to all who write, lecture and teach.' Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 75 (1982) `...one of the most useful practical publications to appear in many a long day. It can be highly recommended.' Journal of the Institute of Health Education, 23:3 `...Departmental Libraries that do not already possess it should add it to their shelves.' Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 78 (1985) `Presentation of Data in Science is an excellent book, and every serious research unit producing papers and preparing lectures should have a copy on its shelves - and should use it.' British Medical Journal Table of Contents1. The legibility of type.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Investigating legibility.- 1.2.1. The reading process.- 1.2.2. Methods of research.- 1.3. Type forms.- 1.3.1. The basic anatomy of type.- 1.3.2. Typeface.- 1.3.3. Type weight.- 1.3.4. Italics.- 1.3.5. Capitals versus lower case.- 1.3.6. Numerals.- 1.4. Type size.- 1.5. Line length.- 1.6. Line spacing.- 1.7. Letter and word spacing.- 1.8. Justified versus unjustified setting.- 1.9. Margins.- 1.10. Single- versus double-column layouts.- 1.11. Paper and ink.- 2. The presentation of text.- 2.1. The visual representation of information ‘structure’.- 2.2. Continuous text.- 2.2.1. Headings.- 2.2.2. Paragraphs.- 2.3. Bibliographies and references.- 2.4. Indexes.- 3. The presentation of tables.- 3.1. Structure.- 3.2. Layout and typography.- 3.2.1. General principles.- 3.2.2. Horizontal emphasis.- 3.2.3. Vertical emphasis.- 3.2.4. Headings.- 3.2.5. Lettering.- 4. The presentation of graphs, charts and diagrams.- 4.1. The relative merits of different kinds of illustration.- 4.2. The content of illustrations.- 4.3. General principles of presentation.- 4.3.1. Layout.- 4.3.2. Framing.- 4.3.3. Visual emphasis.- 4.4. The presentation of graphs and charts.- 4.4.1. Data points.- 4.4.2. Standard errors.- 4.4.3. Lines linking data points.- 4.4.4. Scale calibrations.- 4.4.5. Axes.- 4.4.6. Labelling of axes.- 4.4.7. Keys.- 4.4.8. Headings.- 5. Printed publications.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Graphic standards for graphs, charts and diagrams in printed journals.- 5.2.1. Instructions to authors.- 5.2.2. Reproduction ratios.- 5.2.3. Size of drafts and artwork.- 5.2.4. Formulae.- A. Capital letter height.- B. Line thickness.- C. Space between ruled lines.- D. Dot diameter.- 5.2.5. Character style.- 5.2.6. Character spacing.- 5.2.7. Space between lines of text.- 5.2.8. Tones and shading.- 5.2.9. Positive versus negative images.- 5.2.10. Contrast.- 5.2.11. Oversize artwork for publication.- 5.2.12. Compatibility with standards for slides.- 5.3. Guide lines for camera-ready copy.- 5.3.1. Copy for journals or proceedings of meetings.- 5.3.2. Copy for reports.- 5.4. Original artwork versus copies.- 5.4.1. Reasons for copying artwork.- 5.4.2. Copying methods.- 5.5. Overlays and cover sheets.- 5.6. Marks of identification.- 5.7. Sending artwork to the publisher or printer.- 6. Slides.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Planning a slide presentation.- 6.2.1. The use of ‘introduction’ and ‘conclusion’ slides.- 6.2.2. The body of the presentation.- 6.2.3. Constructing a story-board.- 6.2.4. Rehearsal.- 6.3. The content of slides.- 6.3.1. Word slides.- 6.3.2. Data slides.- 6.3.3. Headings for data slides.- 6.4. Graphic standards for slides.- 6.4.1. Originals.- 6.4.2. Slide formats.- 6.4.3. Size of drafts and artwork.- 6.4.4. Line thickness.- 6.4.5. Character height.- 6.4.6. Character style.- 6.4.7. Character spacing.- 6.4.8. Layout for word slides.- 6.4.9. Tones and shading.- 6.4.10. Positive versus negative images.- 6.4.11. Contrast.- 6.5. The use of colour.- 6.5.1. Black-and-white versus coloured artwork.- 6.5.2. The use of coloured images.- 6.5.3. The use of coloured backgrounds with black lettering.- 6.6. Testing slides.- 6.7. Projection of slides.- 6.8. The design of lecture theatres.- 7. Posters.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. The content of posters.- 7.2.1. General principles.- 7.2.2. The structure of the poster.- 7.2.3. Headings.- 7.3. Useful equipment for poster production.- 7.4. Graphic standards for posters.- 7.4.1. Poster formats.- 7.4.2. Size of drafts and artwork.- 7.4.3. Character height.- 7.4.4. Character style.- 7.4.5. Layout for text.- 7.4.6. Illustrations.- 7.4.7. Poster layout.- 7.4.8. The use of colour.- 7.5. Packing and transporting poster displays.- 8. Overhead projection transparencies.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Graphic standards for transparencies.- 8.2.1. Originals.- 8.2.2. Format and size.- 8.2.3. Line thickness.- 8.2.4. Character height.- 8.2.5. Layout.- 8.2.6. The use of colour.- 8.3. Techniques in the use of OHP transparencies.- 8.3.1. Overlays.- 8.3.2. Reveals.- 8.3.3. Masking.- 8.4. Testing OHP transparencies.- 9. Tape-slide programmes.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. Planning a tape-slide programme.- 9.3. Writing the script.- 9.4. Graphic standards.- 9.5. The recording.- 10. Television.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2. Graphic standards for television.- 10.2.1. Format.- 10.2.2. Size of drafts and artwork.- 10.2.3. Line thickness.- 10.2.4. Character height.- 10.2.5. Tones and shading.- 10.2.6. Contrast.- 10.2.7. The use of colour.- 11. Materials, equipment and working comfort.- 11.1. Introduction.- 11.2. Basic essentials for black-and-white artwork.- 11.2.1. Paper.- 11.2.2. Pencils.- 11.2.3. Inks.- 11.2.4. Pens.- 11.2.5. Rulers and set squares.- 11.2.6. Templates and stencils.- 11.2.7. Erasers.- 11.2.8. Scalpels.- 11.2.9. Burnishers.- 11.2.10. Adhesives.- 11.2.11. Drafting tape.- 11.2.12. Drawing boards.- 11.3. Other useful items for black-and-white artwork.- 11.3.1. Self-adhesive tapes.- 11.3.2. Dry-transfer symbols and lettering.- 11.3.3. Tone sheets.- 11.3.4. ‘Pounce’ powder.- 11.3.5. Fixatives and varnishes.- 11.4. Additional materials for colour and OHP work.- 11.4.1. Self-adhesive colour sheets.- 11.4.2. Paints.- 11.4.3. Brushes.- 11.4.4. Cells and foils (acetate sheets).- 11.5. Working comfort.- 11.5.1. Organisation.- 11.5.2. Furniture.- 11.5.3. Lighting.- 12. Basic techniques.- 12.1. Care and preparation of paper.- 12.2. Ink work.- 12.2.1. Use of technical drawing pens.- 12.2.2. Blotting.- 12.2.3. Drawing ink lines.- 12.2.4. Finishing-off ink lines.- 12.2.5. Use of templates and stencils.- 12.2.6. Short cuts.- 12.3. Correcting errors in ink work.- 12.3.1. General comments.- 12.3.2. Cut-and-stick corrections.- 12.3.3. Edge-crossing.- 12.3.4. Correcting with a knife.- 12.3.5. Correcting with paint.- 12.4. Use of dry-transfer materials.- 12.4.1. Lettering.- 12.4.2. Tones.- 12.4.3. Making corrections.- 12.5. Use of self-adhesive tones and colours.- 12.5.1. Methods of application.- 12.5.2. Trapped air bubbles.- 12.5.3. ‘Windows’.- 12.6. Simple object drawing for line diagrams.- 12.6.1. General principles.- 12.6.2. Basic shapes.- 12.6.3. Lighting.- 12.6.4. Special effects.- 12.6.5. Making symmetrical shapes.- 12.6.6. Observation of objects.- 13. Working method.- 13.1. Planning the illustration.- 13.1.1. Choice of media.- 13.1.2. Summary of standards.- 13.2. Making the draft.- 13.2.1. Rough sketches.- 13.2.2. The use of graph paper for drafts.- 13.2.3. The use of typewriter grids.- 13.3. Using the draft.- 13.3.1. Fixing the draft to the artwork or drawing board.- 13.3.2. Transferring information from the draft to the final artwork.- 13.4. Making the final artwork.- 13.5. Making additions to the artwork.- Literature.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisTauber, a leading figure in history and philosophy of science, offers a unique autobiographical overview of how science as a discipline of thought has been characterized by philosophers and historians over the past century. He frames his account through science’s – and his own personal – quest for explanatory certainty. During the 20th century, that goal was displaced by the probabilistic epistemologies required to characterize complex systems, whether in physics, biology, economics, or the social sciences. This “triumph of uncertainty” is the inevitable outcome of irreducible chance and indeterminate causality. And beyond these epistemological limits, the interpretative faculties of the individual scientist (what Michael Polanyi called the “personal” and the “tacit”) invariably affects how data are understood. Whereas positivism had claimed radical objectivity, post-positivists have identified how a web of non-epistemic values and social forces profoundly influence the production of knowledge. Tauber presents a case study of these claims by showing how immunology has incorporated extra-curricular social elements in its theoretical development and how these in turn have influenced interpretive problems swirling around biological identity, individuality, and cognition. The correspondence between contemporary immunology and cultural notions of selfhood are strong and striking. Just as uncertainty haunts science, so too does it hover over current constructions of personal identity, self knowledge, and moral agency. Across the chasm of uncertainty, science and selfhood speak.Table of ContentsForeword by Scott F. Gilbert Preface Introduction Chapter 1—Beginnings Chapter 2—On Ways of Knowing Chapter 3—Transitions Chapter 4—Rewriting Immunology Chapter 5—The Immune Self Chapter 6—Systems Philosophically Considered Chapter 7—Pursuing the Enigmatic Self Chapter 8—Rethinking Science Chapter 9—Outline of a Post-Positivist Philosophy of Science Chapter 10—A New Agenda Chapter 11—Personalizing Science Chapter 12—Moral Epistemology Chapter 13—Requiem for the Ego Chapter 14—Identity Reconsidered Conclusion Appendix 1—The Modernist Self Acknowledgements Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis book is the first one to examine the cause and effect of elderly people’s healthy life expectancy, providing models that are easy to understand. The novel point is the success achieved in constructing a single structural model of cause and effect of healthy life expectancy. In the final models of the authors’ studies, it was possible to clearly point out that it is not the case that lifestyle habits including an ideal diet directly provide for healthy life expectancy.This book is made up of published studies based on scientific evidence, using a vast amount of data based on about 8,000 in-home elderly people tracked longitudinally from 3 to 6 years, three times in all including baseline research, in a specific region of Japan. Therefore, health policy makers will be able to use this book as scientific evidence for creating area programs to promote good health that are focused on healthy longevity as the central issue. Academic researchers whose special fields are mainly public health will be able to learn both theory and practice to structurally analyze cause and effect of health factors.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. Population aging trend of the world.- 3. SES, physical health, and long-term care needs.- 4. SES, comorbidity, activity limitations, and healthy life expectancy.- 5. SES, mental health, and need for long-term care.- 6. SES, social interaction, and health status.- 7. SES, dietary and lifestyle habits, and three health-related dimensions.- 8. SES, dietary and lifestyle habits, three health-related dimensions, and healthy survival days.- 9. SES, dietary quality, emotional well-being, and a five-year subjective health in middle-age.- 10. Causal relationships among three health-related dimensions.- 11. SES, environmental condition, three health-related dimensions, and healthy life expectancy.- Afterword.- Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book gathers relatively recent and significant topics in the field of ion channel research. Ion channels form the molecular basis for membrane excitability in cells present in the cardiovascular and nervous systems. In many non-excitable cells, ion channels contribute to diverse physiological functions, including the secretion of signaling compounds like hormones and insulin, cell volume regulation, intracellular signaling, especially Ca2+ signaling, etc. Many human diseases have been attributed to abnormal channel functions and defective membrane expression of channel proteins. On the other hand, ion channels are excellent models for studying protein biophysics, especially the allosteric regulation of protein function by miscellaneous stimuli. Therefore, research on ion channels carries significant meaning for the understanding of basic protein biophysics and diverse physiological functions. Such vital information also assists in developing novel and effective treatments for related human diseases. This book provides graduates and scientists in both basic and clinical levels a comprehensive understanding of cutting-edge advances and a useful and stimulating platform for tackling their own questions about ion channels.Table of ContentsAdvancing ion channel research with automated patch clamp (APC) electrophysiology platforms.- Methods & Challenges to Study Mechanosensitive Ion Channels.- The Polysite Pharmacology of TREK K2P channels.- Physiological functions, biophysical properties and regulation of KCNQ1 (KV7.1) potassium channels.- Context matters – Calcium channel splice variants and their effects in brain and cardiovascular function.- Structure-function of TMEM16 ion channels and lipid scramblases.- Distribution and Assembly of TRP Ion Channels.- Regulation of Ion Channel Function by Gas Molecules.- DEG/ENaC ion channels in the function of the nervous system: from worm to man.- Glial chloride channels in the function of the nervous system across species.- Physiological and pathological relevance of selective and non-selective Ca2+ channels in skeletal and cardiac muscle.- Lysosomal TRPML1 Channel: Implications in Cardiovascular and Kidney Diseases.- Store-Operated Calcium Entry in the Cardiovascular System.- The role of thermosensitive ion channels in mammalian thermoregulation.- Mechanotransduction ion channels in hearing and touch.- The functional properties, physiological roles, channelopathy and pharmacological characteristics of the Slack (KCNT1) channel.- Ion Channels in Anesthesiology.

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Book SynopsisEach year the Nobel Prizes in the natural sciences reveal amazing discoveries. New milestones in the relentless advance of science are identified. The growth of knowledge and its evolution can be researched in the Nobel archives where nominations are kept secret for 50 years after the awards have been made. They represent a treasure for real-time assessment of science. Norrby's earlier book, Nobel Prizes and Life Sciences (2010) examined the unique archival records until 1959.The present book takes us up to 1962, surveying a range of dazzling discoveries. All prizes in immunology are reviewed. Their impact on our capacity to control infectious diseases and transplant organs are highlighted. The Nobel year 1962 is exceptional in recognizing the most major advance in biology since Darwin in 1859 presented his theory of evolution. This was the dramatic discovery of the double-helix structure of DNA by Watson and Crick in 1953. The era of molecular biology had begun. Its explosive development continues into the present.Table of ContentsA Magician of Virology from Australia; A Divided Nobel Prize and a New Era in Immunology; More Nobel Prizes in Immunology; Immunity, Infections and Transplantations; Transgressing Borders in Science and Scenes of Life; Making Sense of Hearing: Art and Science; Unraveling the Complexity of Protein Folding; "It's So Beautiful, You See, So Beautiful"; Coda.

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. BRAIN 2. NECK and MAXILLOFACIAL REGION

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Book SynopsisThis book shows what fossil hominin teeth can tell us about human evolution, integrating the latest research insights with current debates and issues in palaeoanthropology. Written in an accessible style, it will appeal to students and researchers in the fields of biological anthropology, evolutionary biology, palaeontology, dental science and oral biology.Trade Review'This is an extensively researched and well-written - not to mention much-needed - book on the unsung heroes of human paleontology: teeth. … The author obviously has done her homework and the references in the book are as up to date as they can be in a constantly changing field. I even found some references that I had not yet read and so I learned something, too. This is an informative read for anyone interested in teeth and/or human evolution. The fact that it is clearly written will make it accessible to general readers. But it also provides enough detail, not to mention an extensive literature review, to make it useful for students entering the field of paleoanthropology.' Shara E. Bailey, The Quarterly Review of Biology'The book is designed for undergraduates and non-professionals, but I think that it provides sufficient detail across the breadth of hominin dental studies that it would also offer a good reference piece for professionals and academics that focus on related research topics. …This book would work well in undergraduate courses on human evolution and as a supplementary companion to graduate seminars in related topics.' James T. Watson, Dental Anthropology'… This highly accessible book has drawn from a wide range of recent findings and publications and presents it in a manner which would definitely appeal to a mixed audience. Reading through, there is a strong sense of narrative, which takes the reader on a seemingly informal tour through hominin dentary science. With this open style and coverage of current literature, this book has appeal to readers from a broad range of specialisms …' Ben GarrodTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. Teeth and Australopiths: 1. March of the bipeds: the early years; 2. Dentally derived dietary inferences: the australopiths; 3. Curious canines; 4. Incisive insights into childhood; Part II. Teeth and the Genus Homo: 5. March of the bipeds: the later years; 6. Dentally derived dietary inferences: the genus Homo and its diminishing dentition; 7. Long in the tooth: life history changes in Homo; 8. Knowing Neanderthals through their teeth; 9. Insights into the origins of modern humans and their dental diseases; 10. Every tooth a diamond.

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Book SynopsisCholinesterase is a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid, a reaction necessary to allow a cholinergic neuron to return to its resting state after activation. Cholinesterases are the target enzyme of numerous pesticides and chemical warfare agents and have been used for over two decades in the detection of these compounds. In this book, the authors present current research in the production, uses and health effects of cholinesterase. Topics discussed include cholinergic therapy for autistic spectrum disorders; acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer''s disease; use of fish brain and muscle acetylcholinesterase as a biomarker to monitor water pollution and the evolutionary aspects of molecular forms and biological functions of acetylcholinesterase.

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Book SynopsisThe New York Times bestselling author of Darwin’s Doubt, Stephen Meyer, presents groundbreaking scientific evidence of the existence of God, based on breakthroughs in physics, cosmology, and biology.Beginning in the late 19th century, many intellectuals began to insist that scientific knowledge conflicts with traditional theistic belief—that science and belief in God are “at war.” Philosopher of science Stephen Meyer challenges this view by examining three scientific discoveries with decidedly theistic implications. Building on the case for the intelligent design of life that he developed in Signature in the Cell and Darwin’s Doubt, Meyer demonstrates how discoveries in cosmology and physics coupled with those in biology help to establish the identity of the designing intelligence behind life and the universe. Meyer argues that theism—with its affirmati

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"DeSilva's volume provides a welcome opportunity to reflect on the history of evolutionary theory as a legacy complicated by Darwin's prescience as well as prejudice."---Erika Lorraine Milam, Science"Together with ten colleagues, DeSilva courageously takes up this perennially red-hot founding text of his discipline."---Jessica Riskin, New York Review of Books"A fascinating, comprehensive, and accessible collection of essays. . . . A Most Interesting Problem gives credit to Darwin where credit is due, but is unabashed in its systematic rejection of outdated science."---Lydia Pyne, JSTOR Daily"In this ‘tribute to how science operates,’ 10 contributors revisit Descent on the 150th anniversary of its publication in a ‘quest for understanding the origin, biological variation, behavior, and evolution of humans.’ . . . Each of the contributors adds something valuable to the conversation." * Kirkus Reviews *"This important new collection of commentaries on what is perhaps the most challenging of Darwin's books in our own time, takes up the evidence for human evolution, our place in the family tree, the origins of civilization, of human races, and of sex differences in ways that are both meaningful as well as accessible to those both inside and outside of the scholarly world who are interested in reading and wrestling with this important and core work of Charles Darwin for themselves."---Johannes E. Riutta, The Well-Read Naturalist"[A] unique presentation of the many scientific ideas and hypotheses of Darwin’s “Descent of Man”. [A Most Interesting Problem] is a very interesting book about how sometimes scientific beliefs that have existed for decades can easily be debunked using modern technology."---Molly Gabler-Smith, Integrative and Comparative Biology"This is an especially important and timely project because Darwin’s volume is chock-full of creative, thought-provoking arguments and speculations about human evolution that span an extremely wide range of subjects, and after 150 years, many of these are overdue for a fresh reconsideration."---Jason Winning, Quarterly Review of Biology"This summary of Darwin's contributions to understanding human evolution should interest not only biologists and anthropologists but all concerned about the fate of the human species."---J. S. Schwartz, CHOICE"A Most Interesting Problem is a fantastic run-down of today’s understanding of human evolution and a great showcase of the scientific process."---Tibi Puiu, ZME Science"Fascinating reading about the development of science, and the cultural blindspots than can misdirect even the most brilliant scientists."---Ian Angus, Climate & Capitalism

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Book SynopsisThis open access book comprehensively covers the fundamentals of clinical data science, focusing on data collection, modelling and clinical applications. Topics covered in the first section on data collection include: data sources, data at scale (big data), data stewardship (FAIR data) and related privacy concerns. Aspects of predictive modelling using techniques such as classification, regression or clustering, and prediction model validation will be covered in the second section. The third section covers aspects of (mobile) clinical decision support systems, operational excellence and value-based healthcare. Fundamentals of Clinical Data Science is an essential resource for healthcare professionals and IT consultants intending to develop and refine their skills in personalized medicine, using solutions based on large datasets from electronic health records or telemonitoring programmes. The book’s promise is “no math, no code”and will explain the topics in a style that is optimized for a healthcare audience.Table of ContentsData sources.- Data at scale.- Standards in healthcare data.- Using FAIR data / data stewardship.- Privacy / deidentification.- Preparing your data.- Creating a predictive model.- Diving deeper into models.- Validation and Evaluation of reported models.- Clinical decision support systems.- Mobile app development.- Operational excellence.- Value Based Healthcare (Regulatory concerns).

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Book SynopsisThis book presents core concepts in computational biology in an accessible, jargon-free manner and offers a complete foundation course in the Python language, with entry points for novices and experienced programmers alike. Material covers traditional bioinformatics and many topics beyond, with practical examples for Python versions 2 and 3.Trade Review'As a long-time advocate of Python as the language of choice for both the bulk of biological data analysis and for teaching computer programming to molecular life scientists, I am delighted to see this book. [It] provides a well-focused introduction to Python programming but then goes on to use the clarity of the Python language to demystify a wide range of commonly applied data processing and analysis techniques that arise in modern cell and molecular biology. The integration of straightforward introductions to sequence analysis, image processing and statistical analysis (amongst others) into a book on Python is inspired. The clarity of the Python language helps to show that often 'yes it really is that simple', in a way that staring at a mathematical expression often fails to, and the programming element allows the reader to become actively involved.' Jeremy Craven, University of Sheffield'Python Programming for Biology is an excellent introduction to the challenges that biologists and biophysicists face. The choice of Python is appropriate; we use it in most research in our laboratories at the interface between biology, biochemistry and bioinformatics. The book takes us through programming principles for a beginner with a biological background, introducing the basics. It has useful tips for improving code and some specific examples, for example in sequence analysis, macromolecular structures, image processing and databases. I was pleased to see that there is a substantive section on machine learning which in the era of 'big data' is becoming central to much of the software developed for biomedical and agri-biotech research.' Tom Blundell, University of Cambridge'Stevens and Boucher tear down barriers to programming and bioinformatics, for biologists and medics alike … this is the book that I wish I could have read years ago. Serving as both a straightforward tutorial and plain-English reference, the key programming, biology and bioinformatics concepts necessary to build programs for practical, real-world applications are explained in a logical and easy-to-follow order, helping the reader to get from zero to results faster. Unlike many programming books and resources, information is presented in the right amount of detail and jargon is demystified, giving a gentle but thorough and practical introduction to programming with Python, while providing useful tips and encouraging good practices. This introduction is built on with 'from the ground up' explanations of basic, intermediate and advanced computational biology methodologies through Python implementations, resulting in a well-rounded text for programming to solve biological challenges.' Harry Jubb, University of Cambridge'As an increasingly valuable and important skill, programming can be daunting for those new to it. Python Programming for Biology provides the perfect introduction into the world of coding. Stevens and Boucher gently guide the reader through the basics and into practical examples that will aid the reader into incorporating Python into their research activities. I would not hesitate to recommend it as a valuable teaching aide or to people keen to expand their horizons into bioinformatics.' David Ascher, University of Cambridge'Python has become a programming and scripting language of utmost importance in scientific computing, in particular in biology. Major, widely used software packages make use of Python, and libraries offering powerful functionalities are available. Many if not most research projects in biology benefit from computational techniques. Although it is incredibly simple to write small scripts in Python, for a novice in programming, the first steps may seem daunting. In contrast to many other books on Python, this book is specifically aimed at an audience that has little or no experience with programming. After a step-by-step introduction to programming in Python, it describes concrete examples from different areas in biology, with code examples from data analysis to modelling. [It] is a highly valuable addition to the literature on Python, and recommended to any biologist who is interested in using computers in his research.' Michael Nilges, Institut Pasteur, France'[Stevens and Boucher's] understanding of the needs of the target audience for this book (primarily bench scientists with minimal programming experience) is complete. They have accurately customized the book, to meet those specific requirements which are so distinct from those of students aspiring to be specialist programmers. They have achieved this difficult objective without 'dumbing down' the content or omitting any relevant aspect of Python. The book provides an easy and comprehensive introduction for the complete novice as well as offering plenty to engage the more experienced reader. This work is exactly what is required for us to build new training events upon.' David Judge, University of CambridgeTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; 1. Prologue; 2. Beginners' guide; 3. Python basics; 4. Program control and logic; 5. Functions; 6. Files; 7. Object orientation; 8. Object data modelling; 9. Mathematics; 10. Coding tips; 11. Biological sequences; 12. Pairwise sequence alignments; 13. Multiple sequence alignments; 14. Sequence variation and evolution; 15. Macromolecular structures; 16. Array data; 17. High-throughput sequence analyses; 18. Images; 19. Signal processing; 20. Databases; 21. Probability; 22. Statistics; 23. Clustering and discrimination; 24. Machine learning; 25. Hard problems; 26. Graphical interfaces; 27. Improving speed; Appendix 1: simplified language reference; Appendix 2: selected standard type methods and operations; Appendix 3: standard module highlights; Appendix 4: string formatting; Appendix 5: regular expressions; Appendix 6: further statistics; Glossary; Index.

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Book SynopsisTribology is an unfamiliar term for many, but is experienced by all. It is the science of friction, wear and lubrication of contacting surfaces in relative motion. The aim of this book is to introduce the fundamentals of tribology as well as its challenges in extreme operating conditions.The book comprises a historical background and an introduction to familiarize both undergraduate and postgraduate readers with such an important topic. It addresses a comprehensive coverage of classical tribology of solid contacts, friction mechanics, wear mechanisms and lubrication technologies. The tribology of polymer composites, MEMS and NEMS are explored. In addition, tribology of automotive components is presented, as are tribological applications in many practical situations.Various test methods used in evaluating wear are reviewed. Diverse techniques applied in predicting wear behavior by mathematical models, FE modeling and ANN approach are discussed.The book reviews key features of extraordinary conditions associated with, but not limited to, harsh environments, severe sliding and poor lubrication challenges. A basic understanding of failure modes in tribological systems is covered. The state-of-the-art research on tribology under these extreme conditions is extensively discussed, which will be of interest to researchers. The book highlights solutions for extreme tribology problems and provides an overview of various factors affecting tribosystems in harsh conditions.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Tribology. Tribo-material Properties. Friction. Wear. Lubricants and lubrication.Tribology of Polymer and their Composites. Tribology of Automotive Components. Friction and Wear in Extreme Conditions. Lubrication and Coating Challenges in Extreme Conditions. Simulation and Modeling of Tribo-Systems. Failures in Tribo-Systems.

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Book SynopsisWe live in an age of ubiquitous genomics. Next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, both widely adopted and advancing at pace, has transformed the data landscape, opening up an enormous source of heritable characters to the comparative biologist. Its impact on systematics, like many other fields of biology, has been felt throughout its breadth: from defining species boundaries to estimating their evolutionary histories. This volume examines the broad range of ways in which NGS data are being used in systematics and in the fields that it underpins, from biodiversity prospecting to evo-devo. Experts in their fields draw on contemporary case studies to demonstrate state-of-the-art applications of NGS data. These, along with novel analyses, comprehensive reviews and lively perspectives, are combined to produce an authoritative account of contemporary issues in systematics that have been impacted by the adoption of NGS.Trade Review'… the book provides a very good overview of how the field of systematics is being shaped by the impact of a promising technology. In focusing on the major achievements and the challenges ahead it conveys a realistic vision for the future. One that has the potential to motivate many readers to embrace these approaches or to focus on solving the mentioned challenges.' Toni Gabaldón, The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsList of contributors; Introduction: studying diversity in an age of ubiquitous genomics James A. Cotton and Peter D. Olson; Part I. Next Generation Phylogenetics: 1. Perspective: challenges in assembling the 'next generation' tree of life Michael J. Sanderson; 2. The role of next generation sequencing technologies in shaping the future of insect molecular systematics Joseph Hughes and Stuart Longhorn; 3. Phylogenetics of Nematoda Mark Blaxter, Georgios Koutsovoulos, Martin Jones, Sujai Kumar and Ben Elsworth; 4. High throughput multiplexed mitogenomics for metazoans-prospects and limitations Peter G. Foster, Maria Stalteri, Andrea Waeschenbach and D. Timothy J. Littlewood; 5. Investigating bacterial microevolution through next generation sequencing Josephine M. Bryant and Simon R. Harris; Part II. Next Generation Biodiversity Science: 6. Perspective: après le déluge: ubiquitous field barcoding should drive twenty-first-century taxonomy Richard M. Bateman; 7. Perspective: biodiversity and the (data) beast Holly M. Bik and W. Kelley Thomas; 8. Next generation biodiversity analysis Mehrdad Hajibabaei and Ian King; 9. Protist systematics, ecology and next generation sequencing David Bass and Thomas Bell; Part III. Next Generation Challenges and Questions: 10. Perspective: systematics in the age of genomics Antonis Rokas; 11. Perspective: the role of next generation sequencing for integrative approaches to evolutionary biology Ralf J. Sommer; 12. Next generation apomorphy: the ubiquity of taxonomically restricted genes Paul A. Nelson and Richard J. A. Buggs; 13. Utilizing next generation sequencing for evo-devo study of plant traits Rachael H. Walker, Paula J. Rudall and Beverley J. Glover; 14. An NGS approach to archaeobotanical museum specimens as genetic resources in systematics research Oliver Smith, Sarah A. Palmer, Rafal Gutaker and Robin G. Allaby; 15. From sequence reads to evolutionary inferences James A. Cotton; Index.

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Book SynopsisPolicy- and decision-makers in government and industry rely routinely on expert advice to fill critical scientific knowledge gaps. Yet even the best experts can be over-confident and error-prone. This book describes how to identify potentially risky advice, and how to ensure expert advice is relatively reliable and accurate.Trade Review'Trusting Judgements: How to Get the Best out of Experts … is very clearly and logically structured … this book is written in easy and enjoyable language and very much oriented toward practical needs.' Pierre L. Ibisch, Conservation BiologyTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; 1. What's wrong with consulting experts?; 2. Kinds of uncertainty; 3. What leads experts astray?; 4. Dealing with individual experts; 5. The wisdom of crowds revisited; 6. Tips to get the best out of experts; Appendix. Sources; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisBringing together the principle taxonomic groups, from ants to primates, this volume provides a unique perspective on the evolution of cooperative group living. The chapters synthesize features of animal social life to foster the development of a framework for a common, trait-based approach towards social synthesis.Trade Review'This authoritative book will be an excellent resource for all students of social evolution, including practised hands and those yet to take the stage. Covering all the major groups of social organisms in both the invertebrates and vertebrates, its expert authors systematically set out the social and associated traits of their favoured taxa. A tight editorial structure ensures a uniformity of approach that readers, typically familiar with just one or a few groups but eager to broaden their outlook, will greatly appreciate. In their closing synthesis, the editors describe the book as a 'starting point' for the comparative social evolutionary studies of the future. It will surely help stimulate a renaissance in such studies, but the editors are too modest; they and the authors have already performed an admirable service to the discipline in bringing together such a rich synthesis of information and insight.' Andrew Bourke, University of East Anglia'Comparative Social Evolution provides a unique attempt to identify contrasts and similarities in the distribution and evolution of social behaviour in different groups of animals. Successive chapters describe the structure of social groups in different taxa, ranging from aphids to primates, and their relationship to variation in life history parameters, breeding systems and genetic structure, each written by leading researchers in their field. By synthesizing current knowledge of the distribution of social behaviour and its correlates in different groups, Comparative Social Evolution lays the foundation for attempts to build a general framework capable of explaining the diversity of animal societies.' Tim Clutton-Brock, University of Cambridge'Social interactions define how life is organized, from molecules to microbes, in the ocean and on land. There has been a revolution in our understanding of life that is based on an appreciation of the importance of social behavior. Social evolution theory, particularly kin selection, has changed our view of conflicts within organisms like cancer and imprinting, and of how microbes interact and affect us, to give two key examples. But the theory that has developed to explain these interactions comes nearly entirely from observations of animals in their native habitats. This book provides a fabulous compilation of the biology of social interactions in animals. The chapters are clearly and carefully written by leaders in their fields. This book is a must-read for anyone who wants to know where the theories are rooted, or anyone who simply wants to enjoy the marvellous stories of animal social behaviour.' Joan Strassmann, Washington University, St Louis'Powerful, elegant theory guides our understanding of animal social behavior, but an historical tradition of confining empirical insights to particular taxonomic and methodological silos means the devil remains in the detail. This excellent volume resolves this issue by imposing a strict framework to each taxon-focused chapter, thereby allowing readers to gain invaluable, perhaps unprecedented insights from chapters outside their taxonomic comfort zone. The canny will read the book cover to cover, recognizing that the editors have facilitated creative debate in the grand comparative tradition - uncluttered by taxon-specific misunderstandings.' Mark Elgar, University of Melbourne, AustraliaTable of Contents1. The evolution of social evolution Dustin R. Rubenstein and Patrick Abbot; Part I. Invertebrates: 2. Sociality in ants Jürgen Heinze, Katrina Kellner and Jon Seal; 3. Sociality in bees William Wcislo and Jennifer H. Fewell; 4. Sociality in wasps James H. Hunt and Amy L. Toth; 5. Sociality in termites Judith Korb and Barbara Thorne; 6. Sociality in aphids and thrips Patrick Abbot and Tom Chapman; 7. Sociality in spiders Leticia Avilés and Jennifer Guevara; 8. Sociality in shrimps Kristin Hultgren, J. Emmett Duffy and Dustin R. Rubenstein; Part II. Vertebrates: 9. Sociality in primates Joan B. Silk and Peter M. Kappeler; 10. Sociality in non-primate mammals Jennifer E. Smith, Eileen A. Lacey and Loren D. Hayes; 11. Sociality in birds Andrew Cockburn, Ben J. Hatchwell and Walter D. Koenig; 12. Sociality in fishes Michael Taborsky and Marian Wong; 13. Sociality in lizards Martin J. Whiting and Geoffrey M. While; 14. Social synthesis: opportunities for comparative social evolution Dustin R. Rubenstein and Patrick Abbot.

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Book SynopsisMaintaining the substance that made Introduction to the Thermodynamic of Materials a perennial best seller for decades, this Sixth Edition is updated to reflect the broadening field of materials science and engineering. The new edition is reorganized into three major sections to align the book for practical coursework, with the first (Thermodynamic Principles) and second (Phase Equilibria) sections aimed at use in a one semester undergraduate course. The third section (Reactions and Transformations) can be used in other courses of the curriculum that deal with oxidation, energy, and phase transformations. The book is updated to include the role of work terms other than PV work (e.g., magnetic work) along with their attendant aspects of entropy, Maxwell equations, and the role of such applied fields on phase diagrams. There is also an increased emphasis on the thermodynamics of phase transformations and the Sixth Edition features an entirely new chapter 15 that links specific Trade Review"I love this book and will strongly recommend it to my students. It is an excellent textbook for undergraduate students who are studying in materials science." —Jongee Park, Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey"A comprehensive book on thermodynamics in metallic systems with the underlying theory ‘crystal’ clear explained."—Sybrand van der Zwaag, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands"The book is logically organized in three sections: thermodynamic principles, phase equilibria, and reactions and transformations. Each chapter contains a summary and nearly every chapter provides detailed examples. The new edition includes additional thermodynamic work terms beyond pdV or Tds or udN such as magnetic work and how the fields within these work terms are experimentally relevant."—Bill Knowlton, Boise State University, Idaho, USA"The text is easy to follow for undergraduate students doing a course in thermodynamics of materials. The thermodynamic consideration of magnetic materials is particularly useful for graduate students working on magnetic materials. I find the effect of magnetism and magnetic work in the analysis very useful. The introduction of Magnetic flavor in this textbook set it apart from other books on thermodynamics of materials"—Oh Joo Tien, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"This book gives a step-by-step introduction to the thermodynamics of materials. After an exposition of the fundamental concepts, examples of increasing difficulty are treated, which contain many ‘real-world’ applications. Many examples are laid out in details, and numerous diagrams are given to make sure that a solid understanding is reached. Therefore, this book gives solid foundations in thermodynamics for engineering students. Equipped with this knowledge, the students can go on toward more specialized studies or to the reading of research papers."—Mathis Plapp, CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France"This book provides a solid foundation in the thermodynamic theory necessary for any study of Materials Science. It would be ideal for undergraduate students who are learning this topic for the first time, but is also useful as a refresher of the fundamentals for graduate students and researchers working in this field. The inclusion of worked examples and problems is particularly valuable in helping to practice the application of thermodynamic theory to real examples in Materials Science."—Joseph Robson, University of Manchester, United Kingdom"This book, Introduction to the Thermodynamics of Materials, Sixth Edition, is very suitable to be a text book for undergraduate students. This book can easily bring them to enter the world of Thermodynamics of Materials and make them well know concept about Thermodynamics. I always tell my friends and colleagues that this book is the Bible of the ‘Thermodynamics of Materials.’ In Taiwan, this book is also a text book for graduated school entrance examinations." —Yee-Wen Yen, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology"This text is by far the best text I have yet found for teaching thermodynamics to undergrads. I believe the emphasis on graphical representations of thermodynamic data is a very real strength for interpreting this material to the beginner. I also see significant improvements in the organization that provides greater clarity. The addition of qualitative example problems at the end of each chapter is welcome. The new Chapter 15 is a valuable contribution. This chapter is probably unlikely to be used in undergraduate teaching, but it will be extremely useful for a new generation of graduate students."—Garry Warren, University of Alabama, USA"…this new edition of classic book on thermodynamics of materials written by two stalwarts in the subject, Professors David R. Gaskell and David E. Laughlin, is the need of the hour. Although Professor Gaskell is not among us physically to inspire us, his legacy will be seen whenever we open this book on thermodynamics of materials. A great effort from Professor Laughlin in bringing out this revised edition."—Koteswararao V. Rajulapati, University of Hyderabad, India"This textbook has a very rigorous and deep approach to chemical thermodynamics. It is very clear in explaining the complex meaning of the thermodynamics rules and equations, starting from the potentials and their use to solve thermodynamics problems. Without being too advanced, it reaches all the necessary points for a thorough discussion of the matter, even entering in some detail which is not often taught in the undergraduate courses, I really appreciate the clarity and the accuracy of the language.""This Sixth Edition is updated to reflect the broadening field of materials science and engineering. The new edition is reorganized into three major sections to align the book for practical coursework, with the first (Thermodynamic Principles) and second (Phase Equilibria) sections aimed at use in a one semester undergraduate course. The third section (Reactions and Transformations) can be used in other courses of the curriculum that deal with oxidation, energy, and phase transformations. The book is updated to include the role of work terms other than PV work (e. g., magnetic work) along with their attendant aspects of entropy, Maxwell equations, and the role of such applied fields on phase diagrams. There is also an increased emphasis on the thermodynamics of phase transformations and the Sixth Edition features an entirely new chapter 15 that links specific thermodynamic applications to the study of phase transformations. The book also features more than 50 new end of chapter problems and more than 50 new figures."—HTM J. Heat Treatm. Mat. 72 (2017)—Marco Marengo, University of Brighton, United Kingdom"In my opinion, this book represents an excellent resource material on the topic of thermodynamics for students (both in the undergraduate and graduate levels) and instructors. I strongly recommend the utilization of this book as a reference and companion in undergraduate courses involving thermodynamics for materials science. This book is comprehensive, articulate, well-organized, and the reading is enjoy-able."—J. of Mater Sci (2018)"I love this book and will strongly recommend it to my students. It is an excellent textbook for undergraduate students who are studying in materials science." —Jongee Park, Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey"A comprehensive book on thermodynamics in metallic systems with the underlying theory ‘crystal’ clear explained."—Sybrand van der Zwaag, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands"The book is logically organized in three sections: thermodynamic principles, phase equilibria, and reactions and transformations. Each chapter contains a summary and nearly every chapter provides detailed examples. The new edition includes additional thermodynamic work terms beyond pdV or Tds or udN such as magnetic work and how the fields within these work terms are experimentally relevant."—Bill Knowlton, Boise State University, Idaho, USA"The text is easy to follow for undergraduate students doing a course in thermodynamics of materials. The thermodynamic consideration of magnetic materials is particularly useful for graduate students working on magnetic materials. I find the effect of magnetism and magnetic work in the analysis very useful. The introduction of Magnetic flavor in this textbook set it apart from other books on thermodynamics of materials"—Oh Joo Tien, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"This book gives a step-by-step introduction to the thermodynamics of materials. After an exposition of the fundamental concepts, examples of increasing difficulty are treated, which contain many ‘real-world’ applications. Many examples are laid out in details, and numerous diagrams are given to make sure that a solid understanding is reached. Therefore, this book gives solid foundations in thermodynamics for engineering students. Equipped with this knowledge, the students can go on toward more specialized studies or to the reading of research papers."—Mathis Plapp, CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France"This book provides a solid foundation in the thermodynamic theory necessary for any study of Materials Science. It would be ideal for undergraduate students who are learning this topic for the first time, but is also useful as a refresher of the fundamentals for graduate students and researchers working in this field. The inclusion of worked examples and problems is particularly valuable in helping to practice the application of thermodynamic theory to real examples in Materials Science."—Joseph Robson, University of Manchester, United Kingdom"This book, Introduction to the Thermodynamics of Materials, Sixth Edition, is very suitable to be a text book for undergraduate students. This book can easily bring them to enter the world of Thermodynamics of Materials and make them well know concept about Thermodynamics. I always tell my friends and colleagues that this book is the Bible of the ‘Thermodynamics of Materials.’ In Taiwan, this book is also a text book for graduated school entrance examinations." —Yee-Wen Yen, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology"This text is by far the best text I have yet found for teaching thermodynamics to undergrads. I believe the emphasis on graphical representations of thermodynamic data is a very real strength for interpreting this material to the beginner. I also see significant improvements in the organization that provides greater clarity. The addition of qualitative example problems at the end of each chapter is welcome. The new Chapter 15 is a valuable contribution. This chapter is probably unlikely to be used in undergraduate teaching, but it will be extremely useful for a new generation of graduate students."—Garry Warren, University of Alabama, USA"…this new edition of classic book on thermodynamics of materials written by two stalwarts in the subject, Professors David R. Gaskell and David E. Laughlin, is the need of the hour. Although Professor Gaskell is not among us physically to inspire us, his legacy will be seen whenever we open this book on thermodynamics of materials. A great effort from Professor Laughlin in bringing out this revised edition."—Koteswararao V. Rajulapati, University of Hyderabad, India"This textbook has a very rigorous and deep approach to chemical thermodynamics. It is very clear in explaining the complex meaning of the thermodynamics rules and equations, starting from the potentials and their use to solve thermodynamics problems. Without being too advanced, it reaches all the necessary points for a thorough discussion of the matter, even entering in some detail which is not often taught in the undergraduate courses, I really appreciate the clarity and the accuracy of the language."—Marco Marengo, University of Brighton, United Kingdom"This Sixth Edition is updated to reflect the broadening field of materials science and engineering. The new edition is reorganized into three major sections to align the book for practical coursework, with the first (Thermodynamic Principles) and second (Phase Equilibria) sections aimed at use in a one semester undergraduate course. The third section (Reactions and Transformations) can be used in other courses of the curriculum that deal with oxidation, energy, and phase transformations. The book is updated to include the role of work terms other than PV work (e. g., magnetic work) along with their attendant aspects of entropy, Maxwell equations, and the role of such applied fields on phase diagrams. There is also an increased emphasis on the thermodynamics of phase transformations and the Sixth Edition features an entirely new chapter 15 that links specific thermodynamic applications to the study of phase transformations. The book also features more than 50 new end of chapter problems and more than 50 new figures."—HTM J. Heat Treatm. Mat. 72 (2017) "In my opinion, this book represents an excellent resource material on the topic of thermodynamics for students (both in the undergraduate and graduate levels) and instructors. I strongly recommend the utilization of this book as a reference and companion in undergraduate courses involving thermodynamics for materials science. This book is comprehensive, articulate, well-organized, and the reading is enjoy-able."—J. of Mater Sci (2018)Table of ContentsThermodynamic Principles. Introduction and Definition of Terms. The First Law of Thermodynamics. The Second Law of Thermodynamics. The Statistical Interpretation of Entropy. The Fundamental Equations and Their Relationships. Heat Capacity, Enthalpy, Entropy, and the Third Law of Thermodynamics. Phase Equilibria. Phase Equilibrium in a One-Component System. The Behavior of Gases. The Behavior of Solutions. Gibbs Free Energy Composition and Phase Diagrams of Binary Systems. Reactions and Transformations of Phases. Reactions Involving Gases. Reactions Involving Pure Condensed Phases and a Gaseous Phase. Reaction Equilibria in Systems Containing Components in Condensed Solution. Electrochemistry. Thermodynamics and Phase Transformations. Appendices. A. Selected Thermodynamic and Thermochemical Data. B. Exact Differential Equations. C. The Generation of Additional Thermodynamic Potentials as Legendre Transformations.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides research summaries from a number of different focuses in biology, and compiles biographical sketches of top professionals in this important field.

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Book SynopsisThe modern age life science research is more inclined towards interdisciplinary studies. Recent developments in the technologies have led to a better understanding of living systems, and this has removed the demarcations between various disciplines of life sciences. A new trend in life science incorporates biological research involving a merger of diverse disciplines such as microbiology, biotechnology, molecular biology, biochemistry, ecology and agriculture. This book is primarily written with the objective of providing standard information on recent topics in the fields of stress biology, molecular biology, ecology, agriculture, bioremediation, human diseases and over all, several biotechnological approaches towards the studies ranging from green photosynthesizing plants to human pathogens. The book encompasses topics on cyanobacteria, bacteria, fungi, higher plants, ecology and human diseases, distributed throughout eleven chapters for the benefit of graduate and postgraduate students as well as young researchers and scientists. The ever-increasing population has resulted in an increasing demand of food, medicine and other natural products. Researchers are continuously working to resolve and develop a better understanding of life and other biological processes; they need to conserve genes, plants and ecosystems, and the apprehension of land, water and environment have led to the strengthening of traditional disciplines as well as the emergence of diverse disciplines such as stress biology, molecular biology, biotechnology, agriculture and human health. This book imparts the latest developments and the state-of-the art knowledge in the specific fields of life sciences. The subject matter is presented in a logical sequence so that it is easily understandable to the students and researchers. The recent information on the subject is integrated throughout the chapters. In addition, this book provides newer techniques and the use of modern tools in achieving the potential of microbiology, ecology, herbal medicine, biotechnology and stress biology; this is all used to understand the challenges found in life sciences. This book covers a wide range of topics, and the authors anticipate that the contents may appeal to a wider range of readers. Therefore, the authors present this book with great pleasure and express their most sincere gratitude to all the contributors and research scholars, namely Mr. Jainendra Pathak, Mr. Rajneesh, Ms. Vidya Singh, Mr. Deepak Kumar, Mr. Haseen Ahmed, Mr. Deepak K. Singh and Ms. Abha Pandey. They are also particularly thankful to Nova Science Publishers, Inc., for their continued patience and for the unfailing attention they have given to the publication of this book.

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Book SynopsisAt any given moment, a number of innovations in life science research occurs. There has always been an ever-increasing demand for the interdisciplinary research in life science to solve the problems of mankind. It is a challenging task to bring the fruits of laboratory level research to the commercial level for the welfare of humans. This book is an attempt to keep abreast with the recent innovations made in various fields of life science research. The book encompasses topics ranging from prokaryotic microscopic organisms to eukaryotic higher plants, distributed in fifteen chapters for the benefit of graduate and postgraduate students as well as young researchers, scientists and professionals. The book deals with topics pertaining to natural sunscreens, secondary metabolites, genome editing, molecular markers, stress biology, crop improvement, herbal medicines, plant diseases, genetic engineering, biotechnology and aspects related to ecology. This book imparts the latest innovations and knowledge in the specific fields of life sciences. In addition, it also provides details of newer and state-of-the art technology/tools employed in achieving the potential of microbes and higher plants to make products that can be readily available for the welfare of humans. An insight for future perspectives has also been provided that makes this book highly useful and a must-read for students, researchers and professionals working in the field of microbiology, botany, biotechnology, agriculture, molecular biology, photobiology, ecology and other streams of life sciences.

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Book SynopsisTicks and tick-borne diseases are among the major stumbling blocks to the development of livestock industry and entail heavy economic loses particularly in the tropics and subtropics. Ticks serve as vectors of several diseases and pose health hazards to animals and humans throughout the world. Attempts to control ticks and tick-borne diseases using different methods have been going on for several generations; however, ticks still cause insurmountable problems to the livestock industry and human and animal health. This book enlightens the reader on research and field experiences obtained from different parts of the world on the various chemical and biological approaches used in the control of ticks and tick-borne diseases. This book would serve as a valuable reference and guide for students, and researchers in biological and biomedical sciences and tick control authorities aimed at devising a sound tick control strategy.

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Book SynopsisThe pace of change in academia is ever increasing, which makes it difficult for anyone to stay up to date with what may be the right long-term strategy, or even the next step in mastering a PhD or to secure a fruitful academic career. Academic mentoring has proved to be helpful to many young researchers in difficult situations and mentoring programmes have been launched at many universities. In its most basic meaning, mentoring is a goal-oriented off-line conversation between a more experienced (mentor) and a less experienced (mentee) person with the objective to empower the mentee to make important work-related decisions. The first chapter of the book offers an introduction to academic mentoring and provides an overview of what academic mentoring entails. In the following chapters, important topics are discussed that may come up in mentoring conversations. These include scientific thinking, doctoral studies, behaviour and disappointments, scientific storytelling, teaching, scientific presentations, early career years, research cooperation, job applications and basic data management. The discussions in each of these chapters were designed with a view to provide food for thought and to invite self-reflection as well as continued discussions with peers and mentors. The book is written in a highly accessible style whilst restricting each chapter to the most essential information so that reading them can be accommodated in any busy schedule. It is not limited to any particular university or geographic region, since the author has worked in a number of different countries and encountered many different academic cultures. The text is also a useful handbook and reference to go with mentoring programmes.Table of ContentsForeword (Hubert Hasenauer).- Preface.- Chapter 1. Empowering researchers: Academic mentoring.- Chapter 2. The shape of science.- Chapter 3. Doctoral studies and all that.- Chapter 4. Early career years.- Chapter 5. Scientific storytelling.- Chapter 6. Scientific presentations.- Chapter 7. Research-driven teaching.- Chapter 8. Research cooperation and job applications.- Chapter 9. Behaviour and disappointments.- Chapter 10. Sustainable data management.

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Book SynopsisWhat is life? Fifty years after physicist Erwin Schrodinger posed this question in his celebrated and inspiring book, the answer remains elusive. In The Way of the Cell, one of the world''s most respected microbiologists draws on his wide knowledge of contemporary science to provide fresh insight into this intriguing and all-important question. What is the relationship of living things to the inanimate realm of chemistry and physics? How do lifeless but special chemicals come together to form those intricate dynamic ensembles that we recognize as life? To shed light on these questions, Franklin Harold focuses here on microorganisms - in particular, the supremely well-researched bacterium E. coli - because the cell is the simplest level of organization that manifests all the features of the phenomenon of life. Harold shows that as simple as they appear when compared to ourselves, every cell displays a dynamic pattern in space and time, orders of magnitude richer than its elements. It integrates the writhings and couplings of billions of molecules into a coherent whole, draws matter and energy into itself, constructs and reproduces its own order, and persists in this manner for numberless generations while continuously adapting to a changing world. A cell constitutes a unitary whole, a unit of life, and in this volume one of the leading authorities on the cell gives us a vivid picture of what goes on within this minute precinct. The result is a richly detailed, meticulously crafted account of what modern science can tell us about life as well as one scientist''s personal attempt to wring understanding from the tide of knowledge.Trade Review"The work is like a breath of fresh air in a scientific world otherwise obsessed with excessive reductionism."--BioEssays"Witty and erudite, this scientific book hails as a literary achievement. Comprehensive and up to date, Franklin Harold traces the roots--historical, thermodynamic, and biochemical--of today's biological revolution."--Lynn Margulis, co-author (with Dorion Sagan) of both What is Life? and What is Sex?"This book helps us understand why the search for answers to the riddle 'What is life?' is a noble quest."--Howard C. Berg, author of Random Walks in Biology

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Book SynopsisField naturalists have observed the activities of weasels for centuries. Their descriptions were often accurate but sometimes misinterpreted the animals'' behaviors and underlying explanations for those behaviors. Organized natural history became one of the roots of the science of ecology in the 1920s and by the 1960s scientists had begun to study the biology of weasels with all the critical, objective advantages of modern theory and equipment. Until the first edition of this book appeared in 1989 no one had attempted to explain these results to non-specialist naturalists. Now thoroughly revised, this book will continue to be the main one-stop reference for professionals. But both kinds of knowledge are brought together here-- observations for the traditional naturalist and rigorous measurements and interpretations for modern scientists, integrated into a single, readable account. This new edition provides a comprehensive summary of the extensive advances over the last 15 years in ouTrade Review...provides a wide range of information on evolution, ecology, morphology, behaviour and physiology on weasels and stoats...It includes many different recent studies, from Europe (mainly Britain), New Zealand and North America. This is one of the major books on mustelids. It is also nicely illustrated. * Ge'raldine Veron Mammalia *The emphasis of this new edition has moved from a British to a N. American flavour with much to say about the booming populations of mustelids in New Zealand; still an excellent natural history book for the British ecologist. British Ecological Society 2008This is some of the best current natural history writing. * Highland News *Table of Contents1. Weaselly distinguished, stoatally different ; 2. Hair trigger mouse traps with teeth ; 3. Molt and winter whitening ; 4. Body size ; 5. Food ; 6. Hunting behavior ; 7. The impact of predation by weasels on populations of natural prey ; 8. Adjustable living spaces ; 9. Reproduction ; 10. Populations: density and breeding success ; 11. Populations: survival and mortality ; 12. Human attitudes to weasels in their native environments ; 13. Stoats as introduced pests in New Zealand ; 14. Puzzles: sexual dimorphism, delayed implantation and co-existence among weasel species ; Conclusion

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Book SynopsisAgainst the traditional view of the living world as fundamentally composed of enduring things, this book argues for the radical alternative is that it essentially consists of processes. Biology is the study of the processes that constitute living beings, and the things biologists study ultimately derive their existence from more basic processes.Trade ReviewEverything Flows: Towards a Processual Philosophy of Biology is an excellent example of the skillful sampling of an on-going approach in philosophy of science. The sampling quite obviously emerged from intensive live discussions among the authors and stands in sharp contrast to the haphazardly put together collections that seem to dominate the field these days. It is an insightful and surprisingly lively read. I especially warmly recommend it to those philosophers exposed chiefly to the standard topics and approaches in philosophy of biology and in philosophy of science more generally. * Slobodan Perović, Metascience *I highly recommend this insightful and lively collection. * Slobodan Perović, University of Belgrade, Metascience *This is an important book in the development of biological explanation and understanding ... Essential. * L. C. Archie, CHOICE *This anthology heralds a revolution in the philosophy of biology, arguing that the long-standing dominance of the mechanistic framework should finally come to an end. Ambitious and innovative, yet cogent and empirically grounded, Daniel J. Nicholson and John Dupré's Everything Flows is a must read for anyone interested in understanding new directions in the investigation of the biological world. * Katherine Valde, Philosophy of Science *Everything Flows is an impressive collection and a worthwhile read for metaphysicians, philosophers of science, and biologists...Whether or not support for processualism will grow or dwindle remains to be seen; irrespective, the book stands as an absorbing study of a specific moment in analytic philosophy of biology, and a manifesto for a distinctive movement in that field * Adam Ferner, BJPS Review of Books *Nicholson and Dupré's Everything Flows is an excellent, multiperspectival effort to raise awareness about the metaphysical assumptions and problems that underlie the dominant orientation in mainstream biology, namely, that of mechanistic neo-Darwinism with its substance outlook, and to display why the process-relational alternative is to be embraced instead. * Adam C. Scarfe, Process Studies *This book appears at a time when genocentric mechanism has been widely disseminated to the public even as cutting-edge biologists and philosophers have been pulling the rug out from under it ... One of the uses of this book for philosophers will be to counter the metaphysical enshrinement of a false, but widespread impression about genes ... It is true that Everything Flows assumes philosophical and biological literacy, but it is also true that it does a very good job teaching both. * David Depew, History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences *Table of ContentsJohannes Jaeger: Foreword Part I: Introduction 1: John Dupré & Daniel J. Nicholson: A Manifesto for a Processual Philosophy of Biology Part II: Metaphysics 2: Peter Simons: Processes and Precipitates 3: Rani Lill Anjum & Stephen Mumford: Dispositionalism: A Dynamic Theory of Causation 4: James DiFrisco: Biological Processes: Criteria of Identity and Persistence 5: Thomas Pradeu: Genidentity and Biological Processes 6: Johanna Seibt: Ontological Tools for the Process Turn in Biology: Some Basic Notions of General Process Theory Part III: Organisms 7: Daniel J. Nicholson: Reconceptualizing the Organism: From Complex Machine to Flowing Stream 8: Denis Walsh: Objectcy and Agency: Towards a Methodological Vitalism 9: Frédéric Bouchard: Symbiosis, Transient Biological Individuality, and Evolutionary Processes 10: Argyris Arnellos: From Organizations of Processes to Organisms and Other Biological Individuals Part IV: Development and Evolution 11: Paul Griffiths & Karola Stotz: Developmental Systems Theory as a Process Theory 12: Flavia Fabris: Waddington's Processual Epigenetics and the Debate over Cryptic Variability 13: Laura Nuño de la Rosa: Capturing Processes: The Interplay of Modelling Strategies and Conceptual Understanding in Developmental Biology 14: Eric Bapteste & Gemma Anderson: Intersecting Processes are Necessary Explanantia for Evolutionary Biology, but Challenge Retrodiction Part IV: Implications and Applications 15: Stephan Guttinger: A Process Ontology for Macromolecular Biology 16: Marta Bertolaso & John Dupré: A Processual Perspective on Cancer 17: Ann-Sophie Barwich: Measuring the World: Olfaction as a Process Model of Perception 18: Anne Sophie Meincke: Persons as Biological Processes: A Bio-Processual Way Out of the Personal Identity Dilemma

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Book SynopsisScholars and policymakers alike agree that innovation in the biosciences is key to future growth. The field continues to shift and expand, and it is certainly changing the way people live their lives in a variety of ways. With a large share of federal research dollars devoted to the biosciences, the field is just beginning to live up to its billing as a source of innovation, economic productivity and growth. Vast untapped potential to imagine and innovate exists in the biosciences given new tools now widely available. In The Biologist''s Imagination, William Hoffman and Leo Furcht examine the history of innovation in the biosciences, tracing technological innovation from the late eighteenth century to the present and placing special emphasis on how and where technology evolves. Place is often key to innovation, from the early industrial age to the rise of the biotechnology industry in the second half of the twentieth century. The book uses the distinct history of bioinnovation to discuss current trends as they relate to medicine, agriculture, energy, industry, ecosystems, and climate. Fast-moving research fields like genomics, synthetic biology, stem cell research, neuroscience, bioautomation and bioprinting are accelerating these trends. Hoffman and Furcht argue that our system of bioscience innovation is itself in need of innovation. It needs to adapt to the massive changes brought about by converging technologies and the globalization of higher education, workforce skills, and entrepreneurship. The Biologist''s Imagination is both a review of past models for bioscience innovation and a forward-looking, original argument for what future models should take into account.Trade ReviewThis exceptionally well researched and engagingly presented account of the growth of biotechnology in medicine, agriculture, manufacturing and pharmaceutical industries is a veritable tour de force. * Ben Mepham, The Biologist *Table of ContentsIntroduction ; Chapter 1: Ideas, progress, wealth, and the biological revolution ; Chapter 2: Drugs, biomolecules, brains, and the shifting currents of innovation ; Chapter 3: Regional bioinnovation: Reaping the harvest of the local ; and the global ; Chapter 4: Mendel's journey from peas to petabytes ; Chapter 5: Toning up universities for regional growth ; Chapter 6: Splicing and dicing: Property, information, and the DNA of innovation ; Chapter 7: Looking ahead as an industry evolves ; Conclusion ; Chapter endnotes ; Selected bibliography ; Acknowledgements ; Index

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Book SynopsisThis book puts spirit back at the heart of spirituality. By exploring the everyday impacts of alternative spiritual beliefs and practices, the book examines contemporary spirituality and how critical social science can map and understand it.Trade Review'This book is exciting, timely and raises key challenges for social science theory and methodology. It will contribute to debates not just about spirituality, but also about how we theorize the nature of the contemporary social world.' - Jennifer Mason, Professor of Sociology and Co-Director of the Morgan Centre for the Study of Relationships and Personal Life, University of Manchester, UK 'Mackian illuminates the "geography" inhabited by her spiritual practitioners, connecting self with social with material with spirit worlds. Everyday Spirituality is brilliantly written, with a firm and fascinating grip on the literature, studded with gems of discourse and ethnographic detail. We needed this holistic, experientially-based account to help make sense of today's lived spirituality and "enchanted modernity".' - Charles F. Emmons, Professor of Sociology, Gettysburg College, USA, and co-author with Penelope Emmons of Science and Spirit and Guided by Spirit 'This is a critical volume. As rapidly becomes apparent, Sara MacKian is by no means adverse to criticizing familiar perspectives on more alternative spiritualities, the present reviewer's efforts included. This is all to the good. Yet more to the good, the constructive criticism paves the way for MacKian's extension of perspectives to the everyday. The focus lies with the relational, oft-experientially charged or magical 'therapeutic landscapes of living', firmly within 'socio-spiritual worlds': not with the more traditional focus of specialized, frequently income-generating holistic activities per se. Overall, a most welcoming move to normal life, taken to be in the 'spirit' of spirit.' - Paul Heelas, Senior Reseach Professor in the Sociology of Contemporary Spirituality, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The NetherlandsTable of ContentsList of Figures Acknowledgements Introducing an Everyday Spirituality 'Spirituality Lite' Spirit and Re-enchantment The Everyday Self and Security Spirits in the Social World Spirits in the Material World Therapeutic Spiritualities Concluding the Journey: Where Have we Been and Where are we Going? Appendix: Data Collection Endnotes Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThis collection charts the terrain of contemporary Japanese animation, one of the most explosive forms of visual culture to emerge at the crossroads of transnational cultural production in the last twenty-five years.Trade Review"Both cinema and animation have served simultaneously as transnational cultural forms as well as national forums, formed by specific discourses on nationalism and modernization. In fact, in the 1910s-20s Japan, animation was not defined as distinct from cinema in terms of social regulations or production concerns. Animation, together with cinema, came under the scrutiny of public educators, censors and national ideologues. The point of intersection for these diverse concerns was the construction of national cinema for international dissemination. The attempt of Cinema Anime to dismantle the distinction between cinema and animation, national cinema and transnational visual culture, is genuinely challenging, but definitely necessary in the tension-ridden period of media globalization." -Daisuke Miyao, University of Oregon, USA 'Cinema Anime is an important and thought-provoking collection of essays by a number of the leading figures in the field. It includes some of the first scholarly work on several challenging and noteworthy anime that have not received enough academic attention up to now. With chapters that range from cross-cultural overviews to ambitious critical interventions, this volume will be of interest to a wide audience, from students to experienced scholars. Indeed, Cinema Anime should be required reading for anyone committed to anime criticism.' -Christopher Bolton, Senior Editorial Board, Mechademia "The brain is the screen," as quoted in the introduction, is an apt expression of Cinema Anime's aim to keep thinking in new ways about anime even as it gains its mindshare, to take new positions towards it even as it finds its place. Its academics know where to look within LAIN, the one show that best learned the liberating message of EVANGELION; Satoshi Kon, the most important anime director to emerge in the past decade and without, showing how film technology itself informs the narrative of anime and how contemporary installation artists draw it forth from flatland to examine our real space. Cinema Anime rephrases the question: where anime is, rather than what it is to be defined. -Carl Gustav Horn, author of Strange Colors: The Power of Japanese Animation 'This is a worthy addition to any Anime fans' library or for those who want to study the media in more depth.' - Phil Jones, SF CrowsnestTable of ContentsScreening Anime - S.T. Brown Part I: Towards a Cultural Politics of Anime "Excuse Me, Who Are You?": Performance, the Gaze, and the Female in the Works of Kon Satoshi - S.Napier The Americanization of Anime and Manga: Negotiating Popular Culture - A.Levi The Advent of Meguro Empress: Decoding the Avant-Pop Anime TAMALA 2010 - T.Takayuki Part II: Post-Human Bodies in the Animated Imaginary Frankenstein and the Cyborg Metropolis - S.Orbaugh Animated Bodies and Cybernetic Selves: The Animatrix and the Question of Post-Humanity - C.Silvio The Robots from Takkun's Head: Cyborg Adolescence in FLCL - B.Ruh Part III: Anime and the Limits of Cinema The First Time as Farce: Digital Animation and the Repetition of Cinema - T.Lamarre "Such is the Contrivance of the Cinematograph" Dur(anim)ation, Modernity, and Edo Culture in Tabaimo's Animated Installations - L.Monnet

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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