International relations Books

Book SynopsisThis book examines the Kurds’ rise as new regional actors in the Middle East and the impact this is having on the regional order. Kurdish political activism has reached a new height in the beginning of the 21st Century with Kurdish movements in Iraq, Turkey and Syria establishing themselves as a significant force in the domestic politics of these states. The consolidation of Kurdish autonomy in Iraq and the establishment of a Kurdish de facto autonomous region within Syria is adding to the Kurds’ growing influence in the region and enabling Kurds to forge stronger relations with regional and international forces. The author analyses recent developments in the Kurdish question in Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria to understand the inter-connections and inter-dependencies that exist in the transnational Kurdish political space. The book's policy relevance is likely to attract strong interest from policy makers as well as from academics and students in the fields of Middle Eastern Politics and International Relations. Table of ContentsTable of Contents Abbreviations 4 Preface 6 Chapter 1: The Kurdish Resurgence in a Changing Middle East 8 1.1 – A Brief history of the Kurdish Question 12 1.2 – The Re-emergence of Kurdish Nationalism during the 1960s 17 1.3 – The Geopolitics of the Middle East and the Kurdish Question 23 Chapter 2: The Kurdish Conflict in Iraq: Towards a Sustainable Solution 37 2.1 – Historical Overview of the Kurdish Conflict in Iraq 38 2.2 – The Consolidation of Kurdish Autonomy and the KRI 46 2.3 – The KRI’s Challenges 52 Chapter 3: Turkey’s Kurdish Conflict: The Sudden Reversal of Gradual Progress 64 3.1 – Historical Overview of Turkey’s Kurdish Conflict 66 3.2 – Transformation in the conflict and Turkey’s democratic openings 72 3.3 – A New Violent Phase in the Conflict 79 Chapter 4: The Syrian Conflict and Kurdish Ascendency 93 4.1 – The Kurdish conflict in Syria: background and the main developments 95 4.2 – The Democratic Federation of Northern Syria (DFNS) 102 4.3 – The Challenges facing the DFNS 108 Chapter 5: The Transformation of Iran’s Kurdish Conflict 119 5.1 – Historical Overview of Iran’s Kurdish Conflict 120 5.2 The re-emergence of Kurdish political activism in Iran during 2000s and 2010s 125 5.3 The factors behind the revival of Iran’s Kurdish movement and its future prospects 130 Chapter 6: Kurdish Prospects in a Volatile Middle East 145 6.1 Opposition to Kurdish Aspirations 148 6.2 Kurdish Prospects in the Middle East 155 Index 171

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a critical examination of the foreign policy choices of one typical small state, New Zealand, as it faces the changing global balance of power. New Zealand’s foreign policy challenges are similar with those faced by many other small states in the world today and are ideally suited to help inform theoretical debates on the role of small states in the changing international system. The book analyses how a small state such as New Zealand is adjusting to the changing geopolitical, geo-economic, environment. The book includes perspectives from some of New Zealand's leading as well as emerging commentators on New Zealand foreign policy. Table of ContentsFM.- Small Can Be Huge: New Zealand Foreign Policy in an Era of Global Uncertainty.- Part I: New Zealand foreign policy institutions and process.- The Urgent Versus the Important: How Foreign and Security Policy Is Negotiated in New Zealand.- The New Zealand Defence Force Role in New Zealand Foreign Policy.- Aid and Foreign Policy: New Zealand Development Assistance in the Pacific.- Small States in a New Era of Public Diplomacy: New Zealand and Digital Diplomacy.- Part II New Zealand's Bedrock Bilateral relationships.- Pragmatic Optimisation: Australia—New Zealand Relations in the 21st-Century.- New Zealand-US Relations in the Trump Era and Beyond.- A Strategic Partnership: New Zealand-China Relations in the Xi Jinping Era and Beyond.- Neighbours and Cousins: Aotearoa-New Zealand’s Relationship with the Pacific.- Like-Minded States: New Zealand–ASEAN Relations in the Changing Asia-Pacific Strategic Environment.- Escaping the UK’s Shadow: New Zealand and the European Union.- Dealing with a Proactive Japan: Reconsidering Japan’s Regional Role and Its Value for New Zealand’s Foreign Policy.- Russia Resurgent: The Implications for New Zealand.- Looking to the Future: Expanding New Zealand Foreign Relations Beyond Traditional Partnerships.- Part III: New Zealand and global governance.- Climate Change: Antarctic Geopolitics and the Implications for New Zealand Foreign Policy.- A Small State in the Global Commons: New Zealand’s Approach to Climate Change.- New Zealand’s Trade Policy.- Small States and International Organisations: New Zealand’s Diversifying International Engagement.- New Zealand and Disarmament: Where National and Global Interests Converge.- Part IV: Exploring all our options.- Meeting New Zealand’s Peace and Security Challenges Through Disarmament and Nonviolence.- Principled Small Nation or Stalwart Ally? New Zealand’s Independent Foreign Policy.- Small States and the Changing Global Order: What Small State Theory Can Offer New Zealand Foreign Policymaking.

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Book SynopsisThis book is focused on explaining the grand strategic behavior of the United States from the Founding of the Republic to the Trump administration. To do so it employs a neoclassical realist framework to argue that while systemic change explains the broad evolution of US grand strategy, the precise shape and content of the grand strategies pursued has been conditioned by domestic political culture and interests. The book argues that distinct political cultures of statecraft (Hamiltonian, Jeffersonian, Jacksonian and Wilsonian) have acted as permissive filters through which policy-makers have interpreted and responded to systemic stimuli making some grand strategy choices more likely than others in the pursuit of national security. The book demonstrates that while primacist grand strategies were facilitated by the predominance from the mid-19th century to the early 21st century of the vindicationist Hamiltonian and Wilsonian forms of statecraft, the costs of primacy have now stimulated the resurgence of the long dormant, exemplarist Jeffersonian and Jacksonian forms of statecraft under the Obama and Trump administrations, resulting in grand strategies that seek to either manage or stave off decline in America’s relative power position.Table of ContentsChapter 1. American Grand Strategy and National Security​Chapter 2. Before Primacy: American Grand Strategy from the Founding to “Manifest Destiny”​Chapter 3. Priming for Primacy: Building an” Empire of Principles” in the Progressive Era​Chapter 4. Primacy Deferred: American Grand Strategy from Wilson to FDR​Chapter 5. Primed for Primacy: American Grand Strategy and National Security during the Cold War​Chapter 6. Primacy in the Service of (Inter)national Security: The Promises and Pitfalls of the Unipolar Moment​Chapter 7. Primacy Constrained: Barack Obama and the Perils of Grand Strategic Under-reach​Chapter 8. Power without Primacy: Donald Trump and the Future of American Grand Strategy

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Book SynopsisThis open access book on the state of peacebuilding in Africa brings together the work of distinguished scholars, practitioners, and decision makers to reflect on key experiences and lessons learned in peacebuilding in Africa over the past half century. The core themes addressed by the contributors include conflict prevention, mediation, and management; post-conflict reconstruction, justice and Disarmament Demobilization and Reintegration; the role of women, religion, humanitarianism, grassroots organizations, and early warning systems; and the impact of global, regional, and continental bodies. The book's thematic chapters are complemented by six country/region case studies: The Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan/South Sudan, Mozambique and the Sahel/Mali. Each chapter concludes with a set of key lessons learned that could be used to inform the building of a more sustainable peace in Africa. The State of Peacebuilding in Africa was born out of the activities of the Southern Voices Network for Peacebuilding (SVNP), a Carnegie-funded, continent-wide network of African organizations that works with the Wilson Center to bring African knowledge and perspectives to U.S., African, and international policy on peacebuilding in Africa. The research for this book was made possible by a grant from Carnegie Corporation of New York.Trade Review“This edited volume is a bracing read due to its description of the many failings of peacebuilding in Africa, and it offers, if not always systematically, useful thoughts on how peacebuilding might be pointed in a direction that takes account of politics and viability.” (David Harris, International Affairs, Vol. 97 (4), 2021)Table of ContentsPart 1 Peacebuilding in Transition 1 Introduction Terence McNamee and Monde Muyangwa 2 Learning Lessons from Peace Operations in Africa Paul D. Williams 3 The Economics of Peacebuilding: International Organizations for Dealing with Victor and Vanquished Vera Songwe 4 Religion and Peacebuilding in Sub-Saharan Africa Lado Tonlieu Ludovic 5. Field Reflections on Post-Conflict Reconstruction: The Social Imperative of Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Betty O. Bigombe 6. United Nations Peacekeeping and Human Rights, Refugees, and Internal Displacement Ibrahim J. Wani Part 2 Strategies and Tools 7 Sustaining Women, Peace, and Security: The Role of UN Peacekeeping in Africa Lisa Sharland 8 Local Peace Committees and Grassroots Peacebuilding in Africa Fritz Nganje 9 Three Decades of Disarmament, Demobilization, Demilitarization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Ex-Combatants in Africa: Lessons Learned and Challenges Ahead Anatole Ayissi 10 The Changing Nature of Elections in Africa: Impact on Peacebuilding Franklin Oduro 11 Contributions of Early Warning to the African Peace and Security Architecture: The Experience of the West Africa Network for Peacebuilding (WANEP) Chukwuemeka Eze and Osei Baffour Frimpong Part 3 Regional and International Dimensions of Peacebuilding 12 The African Union in Peacebuilding in Africa Gilbert M. Khadiagala 13 Trends in SADC mediation and Long-Term Conflict Mediation Dimpho Deleglise 14. The International Criminal Court’s Impact on Peacebuilding in Africa Phil Clark 15. Humanitarian Action and Peacebuilding: Incompatible or Complementary? Jens Pedersen 16 Peace Management and Conflict Resolution: A Practitioner’s Perspective Ibrahim A. Gambari Part 4 Country Case Studies 17 Peacebuilding as State-Building? Lessons from the Democratic Republic of the Congo Rachel Sweet 18 Violence, Peacebuilding and Elite Bargains in Mozambique since Independence Alex Vines 19 The Dog That Did Not Bark: Why Has Sierra Leone Not Returned to War After Peacekeepers Left? Adekeye Adebajo 20 Lessons in Failure: Peacebuilding in Sudan/South Sudan Jok Madut Jok 21 Such a Long Journey: Peacebuilding After Genocide in Rwanda Terence McNamee 22 Crisis and Transition in the Sahel Paul Melly 23 Conclusion Terence McNamee and Monde Muyangwa

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Book SynopsisThis book gives voice to the diverse diasporic Latin American communities living in the UK by exploring first and onward migration of Latin Americans to Europe, with a specific reference to London. The authors discuss how networks of solidarity and local struggles are played out, enacted, negotiated and experienced in different spatial spheres, whether this be migration routes into London, work spaces, diasporic media and urban places. Each of these spaces are explored in separate chapters to argue that transnational networks of solidarity and local struggles are facilitating renewed sense of belongingness and claims to the city. In this context we witness manifestations of British Latinidad that invoke new forms of belongingness beyond and against old colonial powers.Table of ContentsCh 1: Setting the scene: Latin America migration to EuropeCh 2: Transnationalism, migration and diasporic identitiesCh 3: Narratives of migration and relocationCh 4: Narratives of migration around workCh 5: Latin Americans in London and their media spacesCh 6: Latin Urbanisms in London: Reshaping, Reclaiming and Resisting Urban SpacesCh 7: Conclusions

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Book Synopsis This edited book explores the multi-layered relationships between public diplomacy and intensified uncertainties stemming from transnational political trends. It is the latest wave of political uncertainty that provides the background as well as yields evidence scrutinised by authors contributing to this book. The book argues that due to a state of perpetual crises, the simultaneity of diplomatic tensions and new digital modalities of power, international politics increasingly resembles a networked set of hyper-realities. Embracing multi-polar competition, superpowers such as Russia flex their muscles over their neighbours; celebrated ‘success stories’ of democratisation – Hungary, Poland and Czechia – move towards illiberal governance; old players of international politics such as Britain and America re-claim “greatness”, while other states, like China, adapt expansionist foreign policy goals. The contributors to this book consider the different ways in which transnational political trends and digitalisation breed uncertainty and shape the practice of public diplomacy.Table of ContentsCh 1: IntroductionCh 2: The American Century if Over. What comes next.Ch 3: From Propaganda to Mediated Public Diplomacy: The case of ChinaCh 4: Global Cities against Climate ChangeCh 5: Public Diplomacy and International TradeCh 6: The Dark Side of Digital DiplomacyCh 7: Systemic Pressures and Local Determinants in South American Public DiplomacyCh 8: Presidents' Public Diplomacy Practices on Social MediaCh 9: China's Confucius Institutes and Public DiplomacyCh 10: Coping with Lies about SwedenCh 11: Economic Determinants of India's Public Diplomacy towards South AsiaCh 12: Beyond Soft Power: The Everyday Global Politics of Post 9/11 US Cultural DiplomacyCh 13: Foreign Correspondence and Public Diplomacy 2.0Ch 14: Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the economic and political contributions of the EU to the Northern Ireland peace process, tracing the genesis of EU involvement since 1979 and analysing how it acted as an arena in which to foster dialogue and positive cooperation. Based on extensive archival research and exclusive elite interviews this volume provides the first comprehensive study of how the EU contributed to the reconfiguration of Northern Ireland from a site of conflict to a site of conflict amelioration and peace-building. The book demonstrates that the relationship between Northern Ireland and the EU has been much more significant in the peace process than previously suggested.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Metagoverning Peacebuilding in Northern Ireland.- Chapter 3. The genesis of the European Union/Northern Ireland peacebuilding network.- Chapter 4. The 1984 Haagerup Report on the situation in Northern Ireland.- Chapter 5. European Union Structural Funds programmes on the island of Ireland: Interreg and the cross-border dimension.- Chapter 6. The European Union Programme for Peace and Reconciliation in Northern Ireland.- Chapter 7. The Belfast/Good Friday Agreement: cross-border cooperation and peacebuilding in the context of the new institutions.- Chapter 8. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book utilizes a systems thinking perspective to propose a holistic framework of analysis and practice for the regional security community (“RSC”) arrangement in Africa. In responding to the challenge of improving effectiveness of response to peace and security threats, African states tend to rely on ad hoc mechanisms. However, this approach has been mired with a myriad of structural limitations. The holistic framework reconfigures the traditional “RSC” into a simplified tool kit of “resources”, making this text book ideal for students and advanced researchers in international relations, and all those concerned with regional security and strategic studies.Trade Review“The book provides helpful insights into how to better organise Africa-led PSOS on the continent. If well executed, and with proper political support and commitment, the interagency approach and multidimensional peace operations … which are endorsed in the book — are commendable and could help change the security landscape in Africa. … Students, policy-makers, civil society, and other actors interested in African security issues and regional governance will find some of the ideas in the book valuable.” (Christopher Changwe Nshimbi, Yearbook on the African Union, Vol. 2, 2021)Table of ContentsChapter 1: Regional Security Community.- Chapter 2: Approaches to Regional Security Analysis.- Chapter 3: Regional Security Community Arrangement in Africa.- Chapter 4: African Peace and Security Architecture: Fit for Purpose?.- Chapter 5: Evolution of the African Standby Force.- Chapter 6: African Union-led Peace Support Operations.- Chapter 7: From Security Communities to Security Systems.- Chapter 8: Partnership in Peace Support Operations.- Chapter 9: Building Actors’ Relationship through Concentric Rims.- Chapter 10: A Synchronic Dialogue and the Emerging Concept of Legal Security in Africa.- Chapter 11: How to Build Maritime Human Security Systems .- Chapter 12: Dominatarianism and Security Community Systems.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a concise introduction into twenty-one trends that are transforming the role of religion and spirituality in “re-globalizing” societies. In referring to processes of “re-globalization”, the book draws attention to profound ongoing changes in the patterns and mechanisms of contemporary globalization. Inter- and transdisciplinary in its approach, clearly structured, and easy to read, the book analyzes the impact of religious self-understanding, rhetoric, and practice on five core fields: economics, politics, culture, demography, and technology. In turn, it describes the effects of these five fields on religion and spirituality themselves.This book represents a broad, encompassing overview of the main transformations that religion is undergoing today. Roland Benedikter combines a “big picture” approach with a keen attention to the details of specific case studies. With its clear and accessible structure and timely examples, this book is ideally suited for students of international relations and religious studies, and will also appeal to researchers engaged in those fields and to interested general readers. The book is also apt to serve as an encompassing basis for contemporary debates in civil society, including both grassroots and expert discussions.Table of ContentsOverview: A “loss-of-control” age?.- Introduction: Transfiguring the ground. Religion in our days: Between return, revival and renewal.- A shifting global scenery: The age of re-globalization.- Re-globalization: An array of factors shaking the fundamentals of neoliberal globalization.- Religious re-globalization rhetoric from the United Nations.- The changing European-Western setting: Post-postmodernity and meta-modernity as carriers of a renaissance of values towards “everyday spirituality”?.

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Book SynopsisThis fully updated third-edition of Contemporary Peacemaking is a state of the art overview of peacemaking in relation to contemporary civil wars. It examines best (and worst) practice in relation to peace processes and peace accords. The contributing authors are a mix of leading academics and practitioners with expert knowledge of a wide arrays of cases and techniques. The book provides a mix of theory and concept-building along with insights into ongoing cases of peace processes and post-accord peacebuilding. The chapters make clear that peacemaking is a dynamic field, with new practices in peacemaking techniques, changes to the international peace support architecture, and greater awareness of key issues such as gender and development after peace accords. The book is mindful of the intersection between top-down and bottom-up approaches to peace and how formal and institutionalized peace accords need to be lived and enacted by communities on the ground. Table of ContentsIntroduction (Roger Mac Ginty & Anthony Wanis-St. John)Part I: Preparing for Peace1. Understanding Ripeness: Making and Using Hurting Stalemates (I William Zartman)2. Cultivating Peace: A Practitioner's View of Deadly Conflict (John Paul Lederach)3. Conflict Analysis: A System's Approach (Lisa Schirch)Part II: Cross Cutting Issues4. The United Nations and Peacemaking (Alex J. Bellamy)5. Women's Participating in Peace Processes (Jana Krause and Louise Olsson)6. Indigenous Approaches to Peacemaking (Douglas P. Fry Geneviève Souillac)7. Peacemaking Referendums: Advantages and Challenges for Peace Processes (Joana Amaral)8. Refugees, Peacemaking and Durable Solutions to Displacement (Maja Janmyr)9. Time, Sequencing and Peace Processes (Roger Mac Ginty)Part III: Negotiation and Mediation10. Mediation and Ending of Conflicts (Christopher Mitchell)11. Diffusion vs. Coherence: The Competitive Environment of Multiparty Mediation (Chester A. Crocker, Fen Osler Hampson & Pamela Aall)12. Inclusivity in Peace Processes: Civil Society and Armed Groups (Suzanne Ghais)13. Negotiating Peace in the Shadows (Niall Ó Dochartaigh)Part IV: Violence and Peace Processes14. Violence and Peace Processes (Kristine Höglund & Desirée Nilsson)15. Peacemaking and Election Violence (Inken von Borzyskowski & Richard Saunders)16. Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration of Ex-Combatants (Alp Özerdem)17. Security Sector Reforms (Yuji Uesugi)Part V: Peace Accords18. Peace Processes and their Agreements (Christine Bell and Laura Wise)19. Power Sharing after Civil Wars: Matching Problems to Solutions (Timothy Sisk)20. Peace Accords and Human Rights (Jan Pospisil)21. The Post-Conflict Constitution as a Peace Agreement (Laurie Nathan)Part VI: Implementation and Reconstruction22. Transitional Justice and Peacemaking/Peacebuilding (Roddy Brett & Lina Malagón)23. Peace Education as a Peacemaking Tool in Conflict Zones (Alexander Cromwell)24. Post Accord Violence (Christina Steenkamp)25. Everyday Economic Experiences and Peace Processes (Birte Vogel)Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThis is an open access book.The start of the 21st century has seen the world shaken by protests, from the Arab Spring to the Yellow Vests, from the Occupy movement to the social uprisings in Latin America. There are periods in history when large numbers of people have rebelled against the way things are, demanding change, such as in 1848, 1917, and 1968. Today we are living in another time of outrage and discontent, a time that has already produced some of the largest protests in world history. This book analyzes almost three thousand protests that occurred between 2006 and 2020 in 101 countries covering over 93 per cent of the world population. The study focuses on the major demands driving world protests, such as those for real democracy, jobs, public services, social protection, civil rights, global justice, and those against austerity and corruption. It also analyzes who was demonstrating in each protest; what protest methods they used; who the protestors opposed; what was achieved; whether protests were repressed; and trends such as inequality and the rise of women’s and radical right protests. The book concludes that the demands of protestors in most of the protests surveyed are in full accordance with human rights and internationally agreed-upon UN development goals. The book calls for policy-makers to listen and act on these demands. Table of ContentsExecutive Summary.......................................................................................................... 81. Objectives and Methodology................................................................................... 12 2. The World Awakes: Protests Increase 2006-2020...................................................... 15 3. Main Grievances/Demands...................................................................................... 18 4. Grievances/Demands on Failure of Political Representation and Political Systems...... 21 4.a. Real Democracy............................................................................................... 24 4.b. Corruption....................................................................................................... 24 4.c. Justice............................................................................................................. 25 4.d. Sovereignty and Patriotic Issues........................................................................ 25 4.e. Transparency and Accountability...................................................................... 25 4.f. A “Deep Government”/Oligarchy...................................................................... 25 4.g. Anti-War Protests/Anti Military-Industrial Complex........................................... 26 4.h. Citizen Surveillance.......................................................................................... 26 4.i. Anti-Socialism and Anti-Communism................................................................. 26 5. Grievances/Demands on Economic Justice/Anti-Austerity......................................... 27 5.a. Jobs, Higher Wages and Labor Conditions......................................................... 30 5.b. Reform of Public Services.................................................................................. 30 5.c. Corporate Influence/Deregulation/Privatization................................................ 31 5.d. Inequality........................................................................................................ 31 5.e. Tax/Fiscal Justice............................................................................................. 31 5.f. Low Living Standards....................................................................................... 32 5.g. Agrarian/Land Reform..................................................................................... 32 5.h. Fuel and Energy Prices...................................................................................... 32 5.i. Pension Reforms.............................................................................................. 33 5.j. Housing........................................................................................................... 33 5.k. Food Prices...................................................................................................... 34 6. Grievances/Demands on Civil Rights......................................................................... 35 6.a. Ethnic /Indigenous /Racial Justice..................................................................... 37 6.b. Right to the Commons...................................................................................... 38 6.c. Deny Rights to Groups...................................................................................... 38 6.d. Freedom of Assembly /Speech /Press................................................................ 38 6.e. Women's /Girls' Rights..................................................................................... 39 6.f. Labor Rights.................................................................................................... 39 6.g. LGBT /Sexual Rights......................................................................................... 39 6.h. Immigrants’ Rights........................................................................................... 40 6.i. Personal Freedoms........................................................................................... 40 6.j. Prisoners' Rights.............................................................................................. 40 6.k. Religious Rights............................................................................................... 40 7. Grievances/Demands for Global Justice.................................................................... 41 7.a Environment/Climate Justice............................................................................ 43 7.b. Anti-International Financial Institutions............................................................. 44 7.c. Anti-Imperialism.............................................................................................. 44 7.d. Anti-Free Trade................................................................................................ 44 7.e. Global Commons............................................................................................. 45 7.f. Anti-G20.......................................................................................................... 45 8. Who protests?........................................................................................................ 46 8.a. Main Groups Leading Protests 2006-2020: From NGOs and Trade Unions to Hackers...................................................................................................................... 46 8.b. Greater Grassroots Participation....................................................................... 47 9. Number of Demonstrators....................................................................................... 49 9.a. Some of the Largest Protests in History............................................................. 49 9.b. Protests and Civic Space................................................................................... 51 10. Methods of Protest.............................................................................................. 52 10.a. Marches and Protest Assemblies/Rallies............................................................ 52 10.b. Blockades, Occupations and Civil Disobedience/Direct Action............................. 53 10.c. Strikes and Walkouts........................................................................................ 53 10.d. Vandalism/Looting........................................................................................... 53 10.e. Internet Activism and Whistleblowing/Leaks..................................................... 54 10.f. Pot-banging/Noisemaking, Street Music, Educational Events.............................. 54 10.g. Boycotts and Lawsuits...................................................................................... 54 10.h. Hunger Strikes and Self-Inflicted Violence.......................................................... 55 11. Who Do Protesters Oppose?................................................................................ 56 11.b. Political/Economic System................................................................................ 56 11.c. Corporations/Employers................................................................................... 56 11.d. Elites............................................................................................................... 57 11.e. Political Parties................................................................................................ 57 11.f. Military/Police................................................................................................. 57 11.g. The European Union (EU) and European Central Bank (ECB)............................... 58 11.h. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.............................. 58 11.i. Financial Sector............................................................................................... 58 11.j. The United States of America............................................................................ 58 12. What Do Protests Achieve?.................................................................................. 60 13. Violence, Repression, and Surveillance................................................................. 64 13.a. Limited but Increasing Protestors’ Violence....................................................... 64 13.b. Increasing Repression and Surveillance of Protestors: Arrests, Injuries, and Deaths 65 14. Trends: Some Key Issues...................................................................................... 70 14.a Rising populism and radical right protests......................................................... 70 14.a.i. Weaponizing Protests...................................................................................... 72 14.b. Inequality........................................................................................................ 74 14.b.i. Inequality and Protests..................................................................................... 74 14.b.ii. Protests and the Perception that Governments Serve a Few............................... 78 14.c. Corruption....................................................................................................... 79 14.d. Women........................................................................................................... 81 14.e. From the Arab Spring to the Latin America Spring: Ignored Economic Demands lead to Political Dissent...................................................................................................... 83 15. Conclusion: Human Rights, Development and World Protests 2006-2020............... 86 Main References............................................................................................................ 91 Annex I: Methodology..................................................................................................... 95 Annex II. 250 Methods of Non-Violent Protests................................................................ 99 Annex III: Main World Protest 2006-2020....................................................................... 104

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Book SynopsisIn the context of rapid developments in Turkey and its broader geopolitical environment over the past decade, this book examines and conceptualises Turkey’s changing foreign policy towards a more assertive and revisionist paradigm. More specifically it details the rhetorical and practical-political content of what is termed ‘Lausanne Syndrome’; namely, Turkey’s efforts in recent years – under the AKP government – to revise the geopolitical status quo brought about by the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) in its broader neighbourhood.By employing a Neoclassical Realist theoretical framework and paying particular attention to ideational factors, the book argues that, contrary to the more widely known ‘Sèvres Syndrome’, which predicts a more cautious brand of Turkish foreign policy, the ‘Lausanne Syndrome’ is associated with a different political-ideological current and predicts a more revisionist type of foreign policy behaviour, even though it has emerged out of the same historical circumstances and been triggered by the same external geopolitical factors. The impact of the ‘Lausanne Syndrome’ on Turkey’s foreign policy behaviour is subsequently tested in four case studies from the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East: Cyprus, Libya, Syria, and Iraq.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction: Turkish Foreign Policy and the ‘Lausanne Syndrome.- Chapter 2: A Neoclassical Realist Framework.- Chapter 3: From the National Pact to the Sèvres and Lausanne: The Birth of Two Syndromes.- Chapter 4: Discursive Manifestations of the Lausanne Syndrome since the Second Group and the AKP’s Geopolitical Vision.- Chapter 5: The Lausanne Syndrome and Revisionism under the AKP: The Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East.- Chapter 6: Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the ongoing power transition and its ramifications for world order from an international society perspective. In that perspective, the outcome of big changes in the distribution of power is a matter of socialization rather than structural determination or the resilience of the so-called Liberal world order. Consequently, the key question of this book is how the ongoing power transition affects, and is affected by, the social institutions of world order including sovereignty, the balance of power, international law, diplomacy, trade, humanitarian intervention, national self-determination, and environmental stewardship. The guiding theoretical assumption of the book is that power transition stimulates fundamental institutional change rather than major conflict or a breakdown of international order, while international organizations are key arenas for the realization and negotiation of such changes, not the victims of hegemonic retreat. The argument is pursued in sections on rising and declining powers (Anglo-America, Russia, China and the EU, among others), consequences for the fundamental social institutions and changes in international organizations, globally and regionally. In combination, the chapters reveal the contours of the coming world order.Table of Contents1 Introduction: An Institutional Approach to the New World Order The EditorsPART I: THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS 2. Theories of the power transition Tonny Brems Knudsen3. Power as a Social Role Cornelia NavariPART II: POWERS4. The End of Anglo-America? Barry Buzan and Mick Cox 5 Russia: Old Approaches to New Circumstances? Mette Skak6. China, Power Transition, and the Resilience of Pluralist International Society: Beyond Liberalism and Realism Yongjin Zhang7. Power Transition as a Challenge to Normative Power Europe Thomas DiezPart III: RULES8. Power Transition and the Evolution of International Law: Making and Breaking the Rules Dennis R. Schmidt9. Liberalism and Democracy in a New World Order - Cornelia Navari10. Humanitarian Intervention Peter Viggo Jakobsen and Tonny Brems Knudsen Part IV: INSTITUTIONS11. Power Transition and the Economic Order: How much change? Eero Palmujoki12. Rising Powers and a New Culture of Diplomacy Jamie Gaskarth 13. The US, the OAS and the End of the Monroe Doctrine? Nicolas Terradas14. China and a New Order in the Arctic Sanna Kopra

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Book SynopsisChapter 1. Global Power Shifting Tendencies Influenced by the Conflict's Outcome - Regional and Global Implications.- Chapter 2. From Conflict to Stability: Intersecting Regional and Euro-atlantic Security Logic in Ukraine's Reconstruction.- Chapter 3. SDGS Realization for the Renovation of Ukraine.- Chapter 4. From Crisis to Opportunity: Embracing Sustainable Development Goals and Artificial Intelligence in the Transformative Innovations World.- Chapter 5. National Resilience and Post-war Reconstruction of Ukraine.- Chapter 6. First Look at the Geoeconomic Challenges of Rebuilding Ukraine.- Chapter 7. Common Issues of Compensation Mechanisms and the National and International Regulatory Sources on the Compensation.- Chapter 8. The Tort of Armed Aggression Principles Applied by the Russian Federation Against Ukraine and Its Post War Recovery.- Chapter 9. Procedural Issues in Compensation Cases: Insights From Court Practice in Ukraine.- Chapter 10. Implementation of the European Court of Human Rights Judgments as an Instrument for Recovery of Ukraine and Its Accession to the European Union.- Chapter 11. Reconstruction and Preparation for Ukraine's Accession to the EU.- Chapter 12. Transformation of Public Policy in Ukrainian Book Publishing as a Basis for Resisting Russian Cultural Expansion During and After the War.- Chapter 13. The Digital Battlefield: Exploring the Intersection of Ukraine's War, Digitalization and Economic Development.- Chapter 14. Environmental and Energy Security on the Way to Rebuilding Ukraine on the Principle of Zero Carbon Footprint.- Chapter 15. Study of the State of Environmental Information Security of Ukraine in the Pre-war Period and Assessment of the Consequences of Environmental Information Manipulations in View of Changes in the Geopolitical Landscape and New Strategic Risks.- Chapter 16. Ukraine's Contribution to Enabling EU's Resilient Green Energy Transition and Sustainability.- Chapter 17. Reforming Intelligence in Ukraine: the Past, Present, and Future.- Chapter 18. Free and Open Spaces the Global Impact of Ukraine Reconstruction.- Chapter 19. A Critical Infrastructure Protection Perspective on the Conflict in Ukraine Recommendations for a Resilient Post-war Ukraine.- Chapter 20. Formation of Competencies for Managers of Sustainable Development in Ukraine.- Chapter 21. War-related Moral Damage: Ukrainian and International Practice.Chapter 1. Global Power Shifting Tendencies Influenced by the Conflict's Outcome - Regional and Global Implications.- Chapter 2. From Conflict to Stability: Intersecting Regional and Euro-atlantic Security Logic in Ukraine's Reconstruction.- Chapter 3. SDGS Realization for the Renovation of Ukraine.- Chapter 4. From Crisis to Opportunity: Embracing Sustainable Development Goals and Artificial Intelligence in the Transformative Innovations World.- Chapter 5. National Resilience and Post-war Reconstruction of Ukraine.- Chapter 6. First Look at the Geoeconomic Challenges of Rebuilding Ukraine.- Chapter 7. Common Issues of Compensation Mechanisms and the National and International Regulatory Sources on the Compensation.- Chapter 8. The Tort of Armed Aggression Principles Applied by the Russian Federation Against Ukraine and Its Post War Recovery.- Chapter 9. Procedural Issues in Compensation Cases: Insights From Court Practice in Ukraine.- Chapter 10. Implementation of the European Court of Human Rights Judgments as an Instrument for Recovery of Ukraine and Its Accession to the European Union.- Chapter 11. Reconstruction and Preparation for Ukraine's Accession to the EU.- Chapter 12. Transformation of Public Policy in Ukrainian Book Publishing as a Basis for Resisting Russian Cultural Expansion During and After the War.- Chapter 13. The Digital Battlefield: Exploring the Intersection of Ukraine's War, Digitalization and Economic Development.- Chapter 14. Environmental and Energy Security on the Way to Rebuilding Ukraine on the Principle of Zero Carbon Footprint.- Chapter 15. Study of the State of Environmental Information Security of Ukraine in the Pre-war Period and Assessment of the Consequences of Environmental Information Manipulations in View of Changes in the Geopolitical Landscape and New Strategic Risks.- Chapter 16. Ukraine's Contribution to Enabling EU's Resilient Green Energy Transition and Sustainability.- Chapter 17. Reforming Intelligence in Ukraine: the Past, Present, and Future.- Chapter 18. Free and Open Spaces the Global Impact of Ukraine Reconstruction.- Chapter 19. A Critical Infrastructure Protection Perspective on the Conflict in Ukraine Recommendations for a Resilient Post-war Ukraine.- Chapter 20. Formation of Competencies for Managers of Sustainable Development in Ukraine.- Chapter 21. War-related Moral Damage: Ukrainian and International Practice.

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Book SynopsisIntroduction.- Authoritarian practices of the radical right and the crisis of multilateralism in Latin America.- The regional institutions and democratic crisis in Latin America: an evaluation.- A comparative look at EU' s economic crisis management, democracy and integration: A Hamiltonian moment for the EU?.- Fighting crime, preserving democracy in Latin America.- Revisiting the democratic foundations of European integration during the permacrisis.- Failing to tackle 'too-big-to-fail' banks in the European Union.- Financing recovery and development in the post-pandemic EU: issues of strategy, institutions and implementation.- Economic policies amid political instability in Latin America.- How the Crises Have Redefined the Instruments for Trade and Investment Between the EU and Latin America.

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