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Book SynopsisThis book provides a view into the multi-dimensional and multi-contextual nature of community policing. It brings together important conceptual discussions as well as numerous case studies and real-life examples of European community policing practices. It further offers insights into how the (primarily locally focused) concept of community policing fits into an increasingly interconnected world. Our book is intended for professionals working in community policing, academics and policymakers developing community policing procedures. In addition, the book aims to provide information for readers who are new to the subject of community policing. The wide range of examples and case studies make it also an excellent resource for teaching materials.Table of ContentsPart 1: CP context and processes.- Introduction; P. Saskia Bayerl et al.- Community policing in support of social cohesion; I. Sučić, R. Karlović.- Fostering accountability in community policing; B. Cole.- Community policing: The relevance of social contexts; M. van der Giessen et al.- Community Policing as a social system and its components; J. Houtsonen et al.- Part 2: European CP practices and case studies.- Community policing and radicalization: Evaluation and European examples; H. Nitsch, S. Ronert.- Police liaison approaches to managing political protest: a critical analysis of a prominent UK example; D. Waddington.- Community policing and public perception: Belgian expectations and images of the police; I. Verwee.- Joining forces for our security in Austrian community policing; G. Lang et al.- Security as the basis behind community policing: Croatia’s community policing approach; I. Sučić, R. Karlović.- Community policing case studies: proposing a social media approach; G. Leventakis et al.- Part 3: CP in an interconnected world.- New crime landscapes and new technologies for community policing; D.B. Vasile.- Social media: facilitator and stimulator of community policing; C.C.M.T. Broekman et al.- Mobile communications for community policing; G. Markarian et al.- Importance of cyber security; A. Tarter.- Applying computational intelligence to community policing and forensic investigations; A.M. Ali, P. Angelov.- Evaluating the design and implementation of CP-Support technologies: a Participatory framework; P.S. Bayerl, G. Jacobs.- Concluding remarks; B. Akhgar et al.

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Book SynopsisArbitration is an essential component in business. In an age when transparency is a maxim, important issues which the laws governing arbitration currently fail to address are the extent to which disclosure of information can be constrained by private agreement along with the extent to which the duty to preserve confidentiality can be stretched. Absent a coherent legal framework and extensive qualitative and quantitative data, it is equally difficult to suggest and predict future directions. This book offers a tool for attaining centralised access to otherwise fragmentary and dispersed material, as well as a comprehensive analysis and detailed exposition of the position in relation to confidentiality in arbitration in the jurisdictions of England, USA, France and Germany. Table of ContentsThe History, Importance and Modern Use of Arbitration.- Problems and Questions Encountered in Relation to Confidentiality in Arbitration.- The Present Status of Confidentiality in International Commercial Arbitration in the Various Jurisdictions.- Critical Analysis, Overall Assessment and Discussion.- Transnational Law and Arbitration.- Towards a Uniform Arbitration Law?.- Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisClimate Change and the Law is the first scholarly effort to systematically address doctrinal issues related to climate law as an emergent legal discipline. It assembles some of the most recognized experts in the field to identify relevant trends and common themes from a variety of geographic and professional perspectives.In a remarkably short time span, climate change has become deeply embedded in important areas of the law. As a global challenge calling for collective action, climate change has elicited substantial rulemaking at the international plane, percolating through the broader legal system to the regional, national and local levels. More than other areas of law, the normative and practical framework dedicated to climate change has embraced new instruments and softened traditional boundaries between formal and informal, public and private, substantive and procedural; so ubiquitous is the reach of relevant rules nowadays that scholars routinely devote attention to the intersection of climate change and more established fields of legal study, such as international trade law.Climate Change and the Law explores the rich diversity of international, regional, national, sub-national and transnational legal responses to climate change. Is climate law emerging as a new legal discipline? If so, what shared objectives and concepts define it? How does climate law relate to other areas of law? Such questions lie at the heart of this new book, whose thirty chapters cover doctrinal questions as well as a range of thematic and regional case studies. As Christiana Figueres, Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), states in her preface, these chapters collectively provide a “review of the emergence of a new discipline, its core principles and legal techniques, and its relationship and potential interaction with other disciplines.”Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This edited collection provides a unique contribution to the scholarship debate on climate change. … This volume is thus a solid collection of pieces which I would certainly recommend to anyone who wish to gain an improved understanding of the complex web of legal norms addressing climate change. … the book also represents an interesting reference tool for policy makers and practitioners involved in the ongoing discussions on climate change regulation and governance.” (Emanuela Orlando, Cambridge Law Journal, Vol. 72 (3), November, 2013)Table of ContentsTable of Contents.- Contributors.- Abbreviations.- 1. Introduction: Climate Change and the Law; Erkki J. Hollo, Kati Kulovesi and Michael Mehling.- Part I: Climate Law as an Emerging Discipline.- 2. Implementing Climate Law: Instrument Choice and Interaction; Michael Mehling.- 3. Exploring the Landscape of Climate Law and Scholarship: Two Emerging Trends; Kati Kulovesi.- 4. Climate Change and Justice: Perspectives of Legal Theory; Felix Ekardt.- Part II: International Climate Law.- Section I: Architecture and Institutions.- 5. Foundations of International Climate Law: Objectives, Principles and Methods; Rowena Maguire.- 6. Alternative Venues of Climate Cooperation: An Institutional Perspective; Camilla Bausch and Michael Mehling.- 7. Analyzing Soft Law and Hard Law in Climate Change; Antto Vihma.- 8. Compliance and Enforcement in the Climate Change Regime; Meinhard Doelle.- Section II: Cross-Cutting Issues.- 9. The New Framework for Climate Finance under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: A Breakthrough or an Empty Promise?; Yulia Yamineva and Kati Kulovesi.- 10. Climate Justice: The Clean Development Mechanism as a Case Study; Tomilola Eni-ibukun.- 11. Legal Aspects of Climate Change Adaptation; Jonathan Verschuuren.- 12. Climate Change and Human Rights; Timo Koivurova, Sébastien Duyck and Leena Heinämäki.- Section III: Sectoral Issues.- 13. Managing the Fragmentation of International Climate Law; Harro van Asselt.- 14. No Need to Reinvent the Wheel for a Human Rights-Based Approach to Tackling Climate Change: The Contribution of International Biodiversity Law; Elisa Morgera.- 15. The Role of REDD in the Harmonization of Overlapping International Obligations; Annalisa Savaresi.- 16. Climate Change and Trade: At the Intersection of Two International Legal Regimes; Kati Kulovesi.- 17. Climate Law and Geoengineering; Ralph Bodle.- Part III: Comparative Climate Law.- 18. Climate Law in the United States: Facing Structural and Procedural Barriers; Michael Mehling and David Frenkil.- 19. Canada and the Kyoto Protocol: An Aesop Fable; Jane Matthews Glenn and Jose Otero.- 20. Climate Law in the European Union: Accidental Success or Deliberate Leadership?; Michael Mehling and Kati Kulovesi.- 21. Climate Law in Germany; Felix Ekardt.- 22. Climate Law in the United Kingdom; Colin T. Reid.- 23. Climate Law and Policy in Russia: A Peasant Needs Thunder to Cross Himself and Wonder; Yulia Yamineva.- 24. Australia: From ‘No Regrets’ to A Clean Energy Future?; Sharon Mascher and David Hodgkinson.- 25. Climate Law and Policy in Japan; Hitomi Kimura.- 26. Sustainable Development and Climate Policy and Law in China; Christopher Tung.- 27. India’s Evolving Climate Change Strategy; Namrata Patodia Rastogi.- 28. Climate Change Responses in South Africa; Ed Couzens and Michael Kidd.- 29. Climate Change Policy and Legislation in Brazil; Haroldo Machado Filho.- 30. Climate Law in Latin American Countries; Soledad Aguilar and Eugenia Recio.

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Book SynopsisKatarina Pijetlovic is the first author to address the issue of breakaway leagues in football and their treatment under EU law. In this book she guides the reader through EU sports law, the specificities of the sporting industry and the problems and power struggles in European football governance in the context of the breakaway threats by elite clubs. In order to analyse the legality of UEFA clauses that restrict the formation of such breakaway structures, the author first provides a progressive interpretation of the applicable EU sports law and an in-depth analytical review of EU sports cases decided under internal market and competition provisions, including a novel perspective on the UEFA home-grown rule and the Bosman case. Thereafter, she sets out an original theory of convergence between TFEU provisions on competition and the internal market in the light of sporting exceptions. Finally, in applying the legal principles thus outlined Katarina Pijetlovic explores the legality of the restrictive UEFA clauses and the case for the formation of alternative leagues in European football under EU sports law. A number of surprising outcomes emerge from this analytical process. Conversely, she also tests the largely neglected issue of the legality of forming a breakaway league by the European elite football clubs.The systematic way in which the reader is guided through EU sports law and the legal issues under consideration makes the book accessible for EU lawyers as well as non-EU sports lawyers, on both an academic and a practitioner’s level. Katarina Pijetlovic holds licentiate and doctoral degrees in EU sports law from the University of Helsinki. The book appears in the ASSER International Sports Law Series, under the editorship of Dr. David McArdle, Prof. Ben Van Rompuy and Marco van der Harst LL.M.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- The sporting industry.- Breakaway leagues and governance issues in European football.- EU internal market law and sport.- EU competition law and sport.- A quest for convergence in the application of EU internal market and competition law to sport.- Treatment of UEFA restrictions on breakaway leagues in football under EU law.

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Book SynopsisAs global great power competition intensifies, there is growing concern about the geopolitical future of Antarctica. This book delves into the question of how can we anticipate, prepare for, and potentially even shape that future? Now in its 60th year, the Antarctic Treaty System has been comparatively resilient and successful in governing the Antarctic region. This book assesses how our ability to make accurate predictions about the future of the Antarctic Treaty System reduces rapidly in the face of political and biophysical complexity, uncertainty, and the passage of time. This poses a critical risk for organisations making long-range decisions about their policy, strategy, and investments in the frozen south. Scenarios are useful planning tools for considering futures beyond the limits of standard prediction. This book explores how a multi-disciplinary focus of classical geopolitics might be applied systematically to create scenarios on Antarctic futures that are plausible, rigorous, and robust. This book illustrates a pragmatic, nine-step scenario development process, using the topical issue of military activities in Antarctica. Along the way, the authors make suggestions to augment current theory and practice of geopolitical scenario planning. In doing so, this book seeks to rediscover the importance of a classical (primarily state-centric) lens on Antarctic geopolitics, which in recent decades has been overshadowed by more critical perspectives. This book is written for anyone with an interest in the rigorous assessment of geopolitical futures - in Antarctica and beyond.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- History of Antarctic territorial claims and spatial contestation.- Scenario analysis and the limits of prediction.- Objectives, approaches and techniques.- Antarctic geopolitics: Background.- Militarisation of Antarctica.- Antarctic militarisation: Scenario analysis.- Antarctic militarisation: Five scenarios.- Scenario analysis and the classical view of geopolitics.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Noura Erakat's incisive exploration of the role of law in shaping the development of Israel/Palestine reveals the consistent genuflection of international legal institutions to Israel's reliance on well-established colonial practices. She also forcefully argues that the skillful use of international law as a tool of struggle can be generative of hope and possibility—for Palestine and the world. Justice for Some is precisely the book we need at this time."—Angela Y. Davis, author of Freedom Is a Constant Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Foundations of a Movement"A radical rethinking of the role of law and legal advocacy in the struggle for Palestinian rights. Noura Erakat tells how a refugee problem became a national liberation movement, and the tragic story of how initiative and momentum were squandered after Oslo. Brilliant, inspiring, coldly realistic—and hopeful."—Duncan Kennedy, Carter Professor of General Jurisprudence Emeritus, Harvard Law School"Without any doubt, Justice for Some is the best book on the law and politics of the Palestine/Israel struggle—sophisticated, learned, humane, and creative. Noura Erakat makes a profound contribution to our general understanding of the paradoxical role of law in the contemporary world."—Richard Falk, Former UN Special Rapporteur for Palestine, author of Palestine's Horizon: Toward a Just Peace"Anyone wondering how and why international law has failed so miserably to curb Israeli violations in Palestine and the deleterious effect this has had on the law itself should read this book. Noura Erakat communicates...with the skill of a lawyer and the passion of an activist. Justice for Some is both enriching and inspiring."—Raja Shehadeh, founder of Al-Haq, author of Where the Line Is Drawn: A Tale of Crossings, Friendships, and Fifty Years of Occupation in Israel-Palestine"Through a brilliant and bracing analysis of the Palestine question and settler colonialism, Noura Erakat offers a compelling story of how the antinomies of structure and indeterminacy shaped international law and its possibilities. Justice for Some is a vital lens into movement lawyering on the international plane. At once tragic and inspiring, this book is a must-read for anyone interested in decolonization and the politics of international law."—Vasuki Nesiah, New York University, founding member of Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL)"Noura Erakat brings a sophisticated understanding of the role of international law over the last century in the Question of Palestine. This brilliant book will be of great interest to anyone seeking to understand why the outcome, thus far, to the disposition of the Palestine problem has not been a just one."—Rashid Khalidi, author of The Hundred Years' War on Palestine: Settler-Colonial Conquest and Resistance, 1917-2017"Erakat's dissection of these legal and political histories is careful and captivating....This book asks that the Palestinian liberation struggle and Jewish-Israeli society each reckon with the impossibility of a two-state future, reimagining what their interests are—and what they could become. In rejecting the zero-sum formula's inevitability, Erakat sees, and demands, an alternative."—Amanda McCaffrey, Jewish Currents"[A] major scholarly contribution to the critical literature devoted to resolving the Israel/Palestine struggle in line with the dictates of justice....[I] urge a careful reading of Justice for Some by all those interested in the Palestinian struggle as well as those curious about the way law works for and against human wellbeing."—Richard Falk, Mondoweiss"[Erakat] meticulously reveals how Israel ignored international law, the laws of war, duties of an occupying power, and efforts brought through the United Nations to censure its actions....The book will interest those concerned with the law and ethics of war, international law, terrorism laws, and observers of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and its treatment by international bodies. Highly recommended."—S. Zuhur, Choice"Erakat's detailed analysis paints a dismal reality, yet it is one that must be acknowledged and worked from. Her meticulous discussion on the inherent injustice in international law propels attention towards what so far remains overlooked and calls the reader to reflect upon action that veers away from what the international community keeps demanding of Palestinians."—Ramona Wadi, Middle East Monitor"That international law is not an effective starting point for achieving justice in Palestine is a vital insight for leftists developing a progressive foreign policy.Justice for Somemakes clear that winning Palestinian freedom will require confronting the geopolitical power structure that gives international law its meaning."—Gunar Olsen, Jacobin"Noura Erakat eloquently shows that, yes, the Israeli state project has been consolidated and expanded on a platform of might making right since 1948—but not only that. Israeli governments have also actively sought to craft legal justifications for the conquest and colonisation of territory, and to harness international law in their favour....[Erakat] has written a book that is a story of Palestine but is also a story of international law itself. Some of its most important insights are more universal than specific. They are major conceptual contributions with value well beyond the immediate case study."—John Reynolds, Dublin Review of Books"Erakat's critical perspective on international law and the focus on how Palestinians have used it to support their cause is a much-needed addition to the international law literature on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict....This is a book brimming with acute insights that deserves the widest possible readership."—Markus Gunneflo, Journal of Conflict and Security Law"Justice for Some challenges the not infrequent characterization of efforts to resolve the struggle over Palestine as a dichotomy between law/politics, principle/pragmatism or an imposed/negotiated solution. As [Erakat's] incisive analysis points out, these binaries, while not completely inaccurate, are incomplete in that they mask Israel's skilled use of the law to advance its interests while overlooking the political reasons for shortcomings in the Palestinian leadership's use of law as a form of resistance."—Terry Rempel, The Middle East Journal"In this elegantly written and carefully argued book, Erakat strikes a delicate balance that makes an important contribution to the scholarly literature on both Palestine and critical international law....[Her] clear-eyed analysis is not only an excellent account of the law and politics of the Palestinian struggle but also a remarkable and often inspiring assessment of the relationship between law and liberation."—Asla Bâli, Journal of Palestine StudiesTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Colonial Erasures and the Struggle for Self-Determination 2. Permanent Occupation 3. Pragmatic Revolutionaries 4. The Oslo Peace Process 5. From Occupation to Warfare 6. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisIn Struggles for the Human, Lara Montesinos Coleman blends ethnography, political philosophy, and critical theory to reorient debates on human rights through attention to understandings of legality, ethics, and humanity in anticapitalist and decolonial struggle. Drawing on her extensive involvement with grassroots social movements in Colombia, Coleman observes that mainstream expressions of human rights have become counterparts to capitalist violence, even as this discourse disavows capitalism’s deadly implications. She rejects claims that human rights are inherently tied to capitalism, liberalism, or colonialism, instead showing how human rights can be used to combat these forces. Coleman demonstrates that social justice struggles that are rooted in marginalized communities’ lived experiences can reframe human rights in order to challenge oppressive power structures and offer a blueprint for constructing alternative political economies. By examining the practice of Trade Review“Lara Montesinos Coleman’s arresting and beautiful ethnography of Colombian resistance movements doubles as an informed and sophisticated critical intervention into the controversy about the meanings of human rights in an age of neoliberalism. Bypassing the politics of struggle, the book proves, is a mistake for anyone rushing to bury—or praise—human rights today.” -- Samuel Moyn, Yale University“In Struggles for the Human, Lara Montesinos Coleman brings together a blistering critique of mainstream human rights practices and a nuanced account of neoliberalism with a defense of the continued use of human rights by radical social movements. Coleman shows how human rights retain a disruptive potential and can contribute to the dismantling of capitalist structures of impunity. Breaking new ground in our thinking about rights, capitalist power, and emancipation, this is an indispensable book for all those interested in the politics of human rights, radical social movements, and political philosophy.” -- Jessica Whyte, author of * The Morals of the Market: Human Rights and the Rise of Neoliberalism *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments xi Introduction. Human Rights in Struggle 1 1. Necroeconomics: Violence, Law, and Twenty-First-Century Plunder 27 2. Deadly Colonial Ethics: Development Policy-Speak and Corporate Responsibility 57 3. Privatizing Workers’ Rights: Social Partnership in a Neoliberal World 81 4. Elusive Justice: Capital, Impunity, and Counterlegality 105 5. From Pernicious Optimism to Radical Hope: Human Rights beyond Abstract Values 132 6. For an Insurgent Humanism 153 Conclusion. What Do We Make of Human Rights? Ten Points 170 Notes 175 Bibliography 213 Index 239

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Book SynopsisNow in its eighth edition, this classic text is a first point of reference for anyone looking to obtain an understanding of chartering and shipbroking practice. It provides hands-on, commercially-focused explanations of chartering business and invaluable advice on how the shipping market operates across a broad range of topics. The authors also deal expertly with the legal, financial, operational and managerial aspects of chartering, offering numerous case studies which clearly link theory to practice. This new edition has been fully revised and updated to reflect the current trends in chartering practice, legal developments and standard forms of charterparties. New to this edition: Enriched with practical examples covering crucial aspects of chartering and shipbroking business, such as voyage estimations, freight conversions and tanker calculations. New material on day-to-day laytime principles, including Laytime Definitions for CharterpartieTable of Contents1. Charter Market 2. Charter Rates and State of the Freight Market 3. Chartering Information 4. Chartering Business and Ship Management 5. Chartering Policy and Marketing Strategy 6. Sales Contract, Carriage and Bill of Lading 7. Charter Forms 8. Chartering Routines 9. Basic Legal Knowledge on Charterparties 10. Common Clauses and Concepts 11. Voyage Charter 12. Time Charter 13. Bareboat Charter and Contract of Affreightment 14. Freight Calculations 15. Laytime Calculations

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Book SynopsisIn this thoroughly updated second edition, Matthias Herdegen provides a comprehensive and contemporary assessment of the regulation of biotechnology processes and products from an international and comparative perspective, complete with analysis of intricate legal and ethical debates.Trade Review‘The 2nd edition of this magisterial work remains an essential reference work on the international law of biotechnology, now updated with the latest developments. The book is and remains a must-read for anyone interested in biotechnology law and a valuable reference guide for experts working in this field.’ -- Prof. Dr. Claudia Seitz, M.A. (London), Professor for Public Law, European Law, International Law and Life Sciences Law at the Faculty of Law of the Private University in the Principality of LiechtensteinTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction: regulation of biotechnology, between anxieties and trust in scientific progress 2. Law and ethics: an intriguing interplay 3. Risks, perceptions and the law: regulatory approaches to risk 4. The biotech challenge to human dignity, life and freedom of choice: human rights 5. From test tube babies to human clones: salient issues in the international law of biomedicine 6. GMOs, crops and precaution: biotechnology and international protection of the environment 7. Combating biopiracy: access to genetic resources 8. Phantom risks and legitimate concerns: biotechnology and international trade law 9. Inventors’ claims to life: intellectual property rights and biotechnological inventions 10. Conclusion: legal values, individual rights and democratic choices in a pluralist world Index

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Book SynopsisA runner-up for the 2018 Chadwick Alger Prize, International Studies Association's International Organization Section, this provocative reassessment of the rule of law in world politics examines how and why governments use and manipulate international law in foreign policy.Trade Review"Runner-Up for the 2018 Chadwick Alger Prize, International Studies Association’s International Organization Section""In this insightful book, Hurd argues that international law is actually best understood as a tool of state power--less an externally imposed constraint than a resource that governments employ to authorize and legitimize what they want to do."---G. John Ikenberry, Foreign Affairs"Hurd proposes the compelling argument that law does not just prohibit conduct, but it implicitly permits other conduct, so states will push law to permit the conduct they wish to engage in. . . . A refreshing dose of pragmatism."---Eleanor Healy-Birt, interLib"Essential reading for everyone who engages with international law and international politics."---Rajeesh Kumar, Rest Journal

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Book SynopsisThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is the first international agreement setting out freedoms, rights and entitlements for all humanity to claim. It emphasizes the inextricable relationship between fundamental freedoms and social justice, and their connection with peace and security. The General Assembly of the United Nations proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping the UDHR constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Graham's book is both a memoir and an excellent history of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, with which he was involved for more than 30 years. . . . [I]t is an intimate history of events in which he was a major player." * Choice *"The SALT, the START, the ABM—Graham had a role in them all, and his detailed descriptions of the skirmishes among presidents, cabinet secretaries, and members of Congress through six White House administrations make for a comprehensive history of American arms control." * Publishers Weekly *"Provides a fascinating composite picture of the limits and possibilities of the legal-diplomatic approach to security and arms control. Graham and his colleagues were constantly forced to maneuver between their determined Soviet counterparts and the equally strong-willed politicians and bureaucrats in Washington. . . . Also illuminating are his chapters on the failed SALT II during the Carter and Reagan years and the rise of hard-line critics of arms control, showing the origins of the split in American strategic thinking that continues today. More optimistically, Graham concludes by pointing to the most lasting arms control success: the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, which made the acquisition of nuclear weapons an act of international outlawry." -- G. John Ikenberry * Foreign Affairs *"[This book] is a very important historical document and will undoubtedly be consulted by historians of arms control and American foreign policy in the late twentieth century. Students of bureaucratic politics and organizational behavior will also find in this book a rich mine of ase study material." * Political Science Quarterly *Table of ContentsForeword by Paul H. Nitze Acknowledgments Prologue 1. Politics, Louisville and Washington, D.C. 2. Chemical and Biological Weapons 3. SALT I 4. SALT II, Part One: The Nixon-Ford Years 5. SALT II, Part Two: The Carter Years 6. The Reagan Revolution and the INF and START Treaties 7. The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 8. Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty 9. Survival of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency 10. Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 11. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 12. NPT Aftermath and the End of the ACDA Epilogue Conclusions Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisUnderstanding International Law presents a comprehensive, accessible introduction to the various aspects of international law while addressing its interrelationship with world politics.Trade Review"Henderson seeks to provide a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the field of international law. Addressing its interrelationship with world politics, the text also features chapters on topics such as making the world safer, human rights, the environment and the world economy." (Times Higher Education, November 2010) Table of ContentsList of Boxes xi Preface xiii List of Abbreviations xiv Part I Making the World More Lawful 1 1 The Rise of International Law 3 The Nature of International Law 4 The Roles of International Law 6 The Early Beginnings of International Law 9 Dueling Philosophies 13 Contending Modern Approaches 16 Operating Conditions: What Helps and What Hinders? 20 Chapter Summary 22 2 A World of Actors: A Question of Legal Standing 27 Actors 28 The State 28 International Government Organizations 33 Non-government Organizations 36 Multinational Corporations 39 Individuals 42 Insurgents 44 Ethnic Groups 46 Terrorists 49 Mercenaries and Private Military Companies 50 Domestic Actors 51 Chapter Summary 52 3 The Sources of International Law: Creating Law without Government 57 Customary Law 58 Treaty Law 65 The Role of Principles 72 Judges and Publicists 75 Other Sources 77 The Scope of International Law 78 Chapter Summary 79 4 The Efficacy of International Law 85 Legislating International Law 86 Enforcing International Law 90 Adjudicating International Law 94 The Incorporation of International Law 106 Can There Be a Future World Government? 109 Chapter Summary 110 5 Jurisdiction: Domain over Places and Persons 115 Territorial Jurisdiction 116 Law of the Sea 117 Airspace 124 Outer Space 126 Satellites 128 The Polar Regions 130 Nationality 132 Dual Nationality 135 Alien Status 137 Sovereign Immunity and Act of State 140 Extraterritoriality 141 Extradition 143 Chapter Summary 145 Part II Making the World Safer 149 6 Diplomacy in Pursuit of Peace 151 A Brief History of Diplomacy 152 The Rules of Diplomacy for States 155 Two Special Issues concerning Embassies 158 Rules for the Consular Relations of States 160 The Peaceful Settlement of Disputes 163 The Operating Conditions of Diplomacy 166 The Rules of Diplomacy for IGOs 168 The Special Case of the UN 171 Chapter Summary 174 7 Arms Limitations for a Less Violent World 179 A Brief History of Arms Limitations 180 Objectives of Arms Limitations 184 Obstacles to Arms Limitations 185 The Nuclear Regime 187 The Biological Weapons Regime 196 The Chemical Weapons Regime 198 The Missile Control Regime 199 The Conventional Weapons Regime 201 Chapter Summary 206 8 Law to Constrain Force 211 A Brief History of the Laws Governing Force 212 Evolution to UN Law 218 Aggression 220 Self-defense 223 Self-defense in an Age of Terrorism 225 Intervention 229 Peacekeeping 231 Today’s Salient Issues concerning the Laws of War 233 Chapter Summary 241 9 Core International Crimes: Atrocities That Shock the Conscience of Humankind 247 A Brief History of Core International Crimes 248 Crimes Against Peace 251 Crimes against Humanity 252 Genocide 254 The Most Notorious Episodes of Genocide 257 Special Dimensions of Genocide 261 War Crimes 263 The Contributions of International Tribunals 276 Chapter Summary 280 Part III Making the World Better 285 10 Human Rights: Freedom and Protection for Humankind 287 A Brief History of the Human Rights Movement 288 Civil and Political Rights 292 Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights 296 Group Rights 300 A Human Rights Frontier? 305 Human Rights Regimes 307 The Role of Non-state Actors 311 Chapter Summary 313 11 The Global Environment in Jeopardy 319 A Brief History of Environmental Developments 320 Atmosphere 324 Water 331 Soil 335 Forests 338 Wildlife 340 The Environment and Human Rights 344 Environmental Governance 346 Chapter Summary 349 12 Rules for Sharing the World’s Wealth 355 A Brief History of Economic Relations 356 Governance from the North 359 Standardizing the Global Economy 363 Intellectual Property Rights 364 Commercial Arbitration 366 Globalism versus Regionalism 368 Governance of the South 370 Four Economic Flows in the North–South Relationship 374 Counter-productive Issues for the Global Economy: Organized Crime, Corruption, and the Pursuit of Non-economic Goals 380 Chapter Summary 385 Part IV Making the Future 391 13 The Problems and Prospects of International Law 392 Glossary of Terms 396 Bibliography 406 Index 431

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Book Synopsis"The description for this book, How to Do Things with International Law, will be forthcoming. "--Trade Review"Runner-Up for the 2018 Chadwick Alger Prize, International Studies Association’s International Organization Section""In this insightful book, Hurd argues that international law is actually best understood as a tool of state power--less an externally imposed constraint than a resource that governments employ to authorize and legitimize what they want to do."---G. John Ikenberry, Foreign Affairs"Hurd proposes the compelling argument that law does not just prohibit conduct, but it implicitly permits other conduct, so states will push law to permit the conduct they wish to engage in. . . . A refreshing dose of pragmatism."---Eleanor Healy-Birt, interLib"Essential reading for everyone who engages with international law and international politics."---Rajeesh Kumar, Rest Journal

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Book SynopsisDesigned for the general reader and students of law, this is a concise history and analysis of the civil law tradition, which is dominant in most of Europe, all of Latin America, and many parts of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. The fourth edition is fully updated to include the latest developments in the field and to correct and update historical details gleaned from newly-published research on Roman and Medieval law. In the past ten years, the legal profession has changed radically, with the growing international ubiquity of large law firms operating across borders (which was previously a uniquely American phenomenon). This new edition updates the book from the post-Soviet era to ongoing current issues, including Brexit and the status of the European Union. It discusses how civil law codes have shifted in some countries to adapt to modern and changing ideologies and also includes brand-new material on legal education, which is of central importance to the legal profession today. Trade ReviewPRAISE FOR THE FIRST EDITION: "This little book is not only readable—a feat in itself—but also insightful and provocative in its treatment of the folklore and practice of the civil law. . . . A lively introduction to civil law thinking with its historical, political, and social dimensions."—The American Journal of Comparative Law"The most readable and succinct account of the origins, the development, and the philosophy of the civil law. . . . Written for those unfamiliar with the study of comparative law and legal systems, the book distinguishes the civil law tradition from that of the common law tradition of the English speaking countries. . ."—Houston Law Review"Of value both to the undergraduate and graduate student of comparative politics, as well as the law student interested in comparative law. . . . A most useful introduction."—Social Science QuarterlyTable of Contents1. Two Legal Traditions 2. Roman Civil Law, Canon Law, and Commercial Law 3. The Revolution 4. The Sources of Law 5. Codes and Codification 6. Judges 7. The Interpretation of Statutes 8. Certainty and Equity 9. Scholars and Legal Education 10. Legal Science 11. The General Part 12. The Legal Process 13. The Division of Jurisdiction 14. Legal Categories 15. The Legal Professions 16. Civil Procedure 17. Criminal Procedure 18. Constitutional Review 19. Perspectives 20. The Future of the Civil Law Tradition

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Book SynopsisDesigned for the general reader and students of law, this is a concise history and analysis of the civil law tradition, which is dominant in most of Europe, all of Latin America, and many parts of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. The fourth edition is fully updated to include the latest developments in the field and to correct and update historical details gleaned from newly-published research on Roman and Medieval law. In the past ten years, the legal profession has changed radically, with the growing international ubiquity of large law firms operating across borders (which was previously a uniquely American phenomenon). This new edition updates the book from the post-Soviet era to ongoing current issues, including Brexit and the status of the European Union. It discusses how civil law codes have shifted in some countries to adapt to modern and changing ideologies and also includes brand-new material on legal education, which is of central importance to the legal profession today. Trade ReviewPRAISE FOR THE FIRST EDITION: "This little book is not only readable—a feat in itself—but also insightful and provocative in its treatment of the folklore and practice of the civil law. . . . A lively introduction to civil law thinking with its historical, political, and social dimensions."—The American Journal of Comparative Law"The most readable and succinct account of the origins, the development, and the philosophy of the civil law. . . . Written for those unfamiliar with the study of comparative law and legal systems, the book distinguishes the civil law tradition from that of the common law tradition of the English speaking countries. . ."—Houston Law Review"Of value both to the undergraduate and graduate student of comparative politics, as well as the law student interested in comparative law. . . . A most useful introduction."—Social Science QuarterlyTable of Contents1. Two Legal Traditions 2. Roman Civil Law, Canon Law, and Commercial Law 3. The Revolution 4. The Sources of Law 5. Codes and Codification 6. Judges 7. The Interpretation of Statutes 8. Certainty and Equity 9. Scholars and Legal Education 10. Legal Science 11. The General Part 12. The Legal Process 13. The Division of Jurisdiction 14. Legal Categories 15. The Legal Professions 16. Civil Procedure 17. Criminal Procedure 18. Constitutional Review 19. Perspectives 20. The Future of the Civil Law Tradition

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Book SynopsisAnalyses the seemingly inconsistent US relationship with international law by identifying five types of state support for international law: leadership, consent, internalization, compliance, and enforcement. Each follows different logics and entails unique costs and incentives.Table of Contents List of Illustrations Acknowledgments 1) The United States and International Law: Five Dimensions of Support Lucrecia GarcÍa Iommi (Fairfield University) and Richard W. Maass (Old Dominion University) Part I: Governing International Relations 2) Enforcing Territorial Integrity: U.S. Support for the Prohibition of Conquest in International Law Richard W. Maass (Old Dominion University) 3) The United States and the International Court of Justice: A Century of Unfulfilled Promise Charlotte Ku (Texas A&M University) 4) Between Formalism and Instrumentalism: The United States and International Law Governing the Use of Inter-State Force Christian Henderson (University of Sussex) 5) The United States and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime: Pushing the Limits of the Law Jeffrey S. Lantis (The College of Wooster) 6) The United States and International Trade Law: A Precarious Relationship Judith L. Goldstein and Christina Toenshoff (Stanford University)Part II: Governing Individuals 7) Human Rights Treaties in the United States: The Case of CEDAW Lisa Baldez (Dartmouth College) 8) The United States and the International Criminal Court: Interests, American Exceptionalism, and Why the U.S. Relationship with the ICC Does Not Change Lucrecia GarcÍa Iommi (Fairfield University) 9) The Double Life of Uncle Sam: The United States and the International Laws Banning Torture and Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment Arturo Jimenez-Bacardi (University of South Florida) 10) Contemporary U.S. Targeted Killing: Expanding the Legal Boundaries of Warfare to Facilitate State Violence Rebecca Sanders (University of Cincinnati)Part III: Governing the Globe 11) “Exceptional” Leadership: The United States and the International Law of the Sea James Harrison and Oliver Turner (University of Edinburgh) 12) Leader or Laggard? The United States and International Environmental Law Pamela Chasek (Manhattan College) and David L. Downie (Fairfield University) 13) The United States and Cybersecurity Due Diligence: A Continuing Dialogue for International Cyber Norms Scott J. Shackelford and Rachel D. Dockery (Indiana University) 14) Understanding U.S. Support for International Law Richard W. Maass (Old Dominion University) and Lucrecia GarcÍa Iommi (Fairfield University) List of Contributors

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Book SynopsisIdentifying with Nationality traces the advent of modern citizenship to multinational, transimperial settings such as turn-of-the-century colonial Alexandria, where ordinary people abandoned old identifiers and grasped nationality as the best means to access the protections promised by expanding states.Trade ReviewWhat nationality are you? In his stunning book, Will Hanley follows this modern question deep into the social existence of ordinary Alexandrians, demonstrating the contradictory effects of its imposition. The results open a portal, not simply on a unique city in the tumultuous years between Ottoman rule and Egyptian semi-sovereignty, but also on a pivotal global experience that historians have missed. In this lucidly written and well-researched book, Hanley rewrites the history of international law and intervenes brilliantly in multiple literatures. A must-read. -- Samuel Moyn, Harvard University, author of Not Enough: Human Rights in an Unequal WorldHanley's book is a superb historical and sociolegal account of the rise of nationality—the universal regime of legal identification that captures what is unique about the modern world. Along the way, Hanley vividly captures the loss of another world: of concrete and heterogeneous forms of life that sought protection in other networks of affiliation. I recommend this remarkably researched and beautifully written book to scholars in Middle Eastern studies, and also to anyone who is thinking about a key characteristic of our world—the persistence of statelessness. -- Samera Esmeir, University of California, BerkeleyIdentifying with Nationality is a magisterial investigation into Alexandria's diverse population, which comprised interwoven European, colonial, local, imperial, and national entities. Will Hanley examines this patchwork setting, clarifies that nationality at the end of the nineteenth century was a European privilege, and explores the process by which it would become what it is today: the most fundamental human right. An illuminating masterpiece. -- Patrick Weil, vsiting professor of law and Oscar M. Ruebhausen Distinguished Senior Fellow, Yale UniversityWith its close and textured descriptions and analysis, Hanley’s book sheds important new light on the social history of an important port city. . . . Anybody who is interested in late Ottoman Egypt will find it impossible to ignore this book. * Journal of Interdisciplinary History *The arguments that this book advances are elegantly constructed and undergirded with brilliant research. They are made even more impressive by writing that shows real élan. Hanley’s work offers a major contribution to Egyptian and Ottoman history that should also be required reading for historians of Europe and the wider Mediterranean. -- Alex Chase-Levenson * English Historical Review *An extremely original and illuminating study. It opens up an entirely new field of historical research exploring the construction of modern human frameworks of identity in Egypt and the Middle East. . . . Hanley's attention to both the particular and the global, to the national and the transnational/international, makes his book an indispensable work, not only for students of the Middle East, but also for anybody interested in the formation of modern nationality, nationalism, and citizenship. * International Journal of Middle East Studies *Groundbreaking. . . . Richly detailed and beautifully written. . . . Hanley sheds new light on the origins and spread of the nation-state system in the Mediterranean world. * Review of Middle East Studies *An outstanding study of the imposition of nationality in imperial Alexandria. Highly recommended. * Choice *Table of ContentsList of IllustrationsList of TablesAcknowledgmentsAbbreviationsIntroduction: Nationality GraspedPart I: Settings1. Vulgar Cosmopolitanism2. KeywordsPart II: Means3. Papers4. Census5. Money6. MarriagePart III: Other Nationalities7. Europeans8. Foreigners9. Protégés10. Bad Subjects11. Ottomans12. LocalsEpilogue: Egyptians in a World of Universal NationalityNotesBibliographyIndex

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisThe Routledge Handbook of Commercial Space Law provides a definitive survey of the transitions and adjustments across the stakeholder community contributing to outer space activities. The interaction between NewSpace, traditional aerospace industrials, and non-traditional space-related technologies is driving market changes which will affect state practice in what has until now been a government dominated market. Greater private commercial participation will lead to new economic approaches to risk-sharing models driven by a space services dominated market. This handbook is a detailed reference source of original articles which analyse and critically evaluate the scope of the current paradigm change, and explain why space contracts and risk apportionment as currently known will change in tune with ongoing market transitions. Reference is made to the scope of best practices across various leading states involved in space activities. With contributions from a selection of highlyTrade Review“The challenges within the commercial space market are often perceived as technical. And while it is indeed a technical challenge, for example, to land and re-use a rocket booster, or to understand how to perform 3D printing and additive manufacturing in space, the more intractable hurdles may well be economic, financial, regulatory, political, and cultural. In this excellent compilation of writing from experts in the global space sector’s legal and regulatory community, Dr. Lesley Jane Smith and co-editors have assembled a ‘must-read’ for practitioners and scholars alike. The frameworks of Apollo and other large, monolithic, government-driven space programs have given way to a new, multi-variate, and extremely dynamic private-sector, that is moving faster than many of the legal and policy frameworks can adapt. Consequently, this timely compendium from the world’s best thinkers on where the market is headed, challenges that we all face, and regulatory frameworks that must be navigated, is an essential read for our entire community.”John M. Horack, PhD, Professor and Neil Armstrong Chair in Aerospace Policy, The Ohio State University“The economic growth of emerging ecosystems relies wholly on a legal framework that protects the interests of investors, operators and nation states. Without innovative legal frameworks such as those outlined in this book by thought-leading legal scholars in this space, the private space sector would have no basis for growth. This Handbook is essential reading and reference for those executives, policy makers and investors who wish to venture into the growing opportunity of the space sector with clarity on where and how they are best able to contribute to and unlock success in this exciting field.”Prof. Sinead O’Sullivan, Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness, Harvard Business School“Given the rapid growth of the global space economy with projections of a trillion-dollar space economy by the year 2040, The Handbook on Commercial Space Law – Legal Practice(s) for New Space is an extremely timely publication that is certain to become an invaluable reference tool for many years to come to commercial practitioners, policymakers and academics addressing the market changes brought about by NewSpace. In a series of well-structured chapters written by a global cross-section of space specialists, Lesley Jane Smith, Ingo Baumann and Susan-Gale Wintermuth have collected a strong set of contributions that highlight, in a comparative fashion: the main legal challenges posed by NewSpace, how different countries are adapting their national regulatory frameworks, as well as adopting different approaches to foster innovation and support NewSpace.”Lucy Stojak, Chair, Canadian Space Council Directrice exécutive, Mosaic - Pôle créativité et innovation, Montréal (Québec)“The Space economy is entering the Industrial Revolution phase of its rapid development, with both private and public sector investment and satellite launches going exponential, as are the uses for space tech in putting industries such as data centres in space, sourcing solar power from space and observing the earth in new ways. I also believe firmly that a planet of 10 billion people will never achieve net zero without space industrialisation. That is why this book is so timely and useful. As Chair of the world’s first publicly quoted investment trust for space tech I want answers to lots of questions on global commercial space law and here they are. We are in an age of rapid change with consequent instability and in that context the rule of law and its rapid adaptation to technological change is crucial, so I intend to keep my copy of The Routledge Handbook on Commercial Space Law close by.”Will Whitehorn, Chancellor of Napier University, Edinburgh, Former Virgin Galactic, Chair, Seraphim Venture Capital Trust, FRAeS FCILT FMS, Chair, Seraphim Space Investment Trust PLC, Member, UK Space Agency Space Exploration Advisory Committee“This Handbook covers all relevant issues and trends in today’s revolutionary transition from traditional space governance to commercial and privatised NewSpace. The impressive team of editors and contributors provides outstanding insight and guidance for navigating in this new universe of space becoming indispensable for our economies and societies on national levels as well as on a global scale.”Dr. Kai-Uwe Schrogl, President, International Institute of Space Law (IISL), Head of strategy, European Space Agency, Paris“As the space economy gallops ahead with private sector participation extending the earlier generation national space programs, the regulatory landscape that was aligned with the earlier sector construct, starts getting outdated and the need for the regulations to keep pace with the technological and economic developments seems both urgent and important. The value, that this development of private sector participation brings, is demonstrated both with respect to technology disruption and socio-economic impact. The players themselves are rearing to be on the tracks, however as the space activities are unbound by geographical boundaries, the treatment in terms of permissions, issues of commerce, patents, liabilities and rights, social responsibility etc take on a meaning that is not facilitated by the existing national and international construct of laws. This book is more of treatise on this subject and carefully highlights issues and the attempts by some nations to address these. Not all of these are optimal in a fast developing and expanding sector and each new attempt needs to build on the success and concerns that these attempts raise. Equally important is the fact that the private sector needs to be facilitated by these attempts, and have a significant role in not just the outcomes of these deliberations, but also play a constructive role in these developing regulatory landscape. In this direction the book, while being a comprehensive asset to the policy makers is also a significant input for the private sector players themselves to understand the developing regulatory ecosystem, under which they need to survive and thrive.I thank the various experts for sharing the knowledge that stems from their deep engagement in understanding and steering the international deliberations, especially Dr. Ranjana Kaul who helps us see the situation from the India lens. I also thank the Lesley Jane Smith, Ingo Baumann and Susan-Gale Wintermuth for bringing out this compendium of thoughts from all the internationals experts.”Dr. Subba Rao Pavuluri, President, Satcom Industry Association (SIA -India) and CMD Ananth Technologies Ltd“60 years ago, President John F Kennedy addressed Rice University (Texas) on the moon-shot programme. And during that historical speech he determined that ‘The greater our knowledge increases, the greater our ignorance unfolds’. The Editor and Authors of this vanguard Routledge Handbook have delivered a timely compendium of lessons learnt, knowledge gained and the critical challenges and opportunities around the future. And it is genuinely global in perspective yet precise in detail and understanding. It is entirely relevant. The document’s unquestionable strength is the spectrum of contributors and the intelligent fusing of the value that they each add, building knowledge and addressing ignorance. Space today, and as it was 60 years ago, is really hard. But because of the thoughtful, consolidated and extensive approach taken during the compilation of this Handbook, the space practitioner has a comprehensive handrail to the present and the future on which they can confidently rely.”James CMcG Johnston, OBE BSc MIoD FCMI, Director, Transcend Change Limited (commercial and secure government satellite consultant, ex RAF)“Space today offers one of cutting edge and fast-growing opportunity for taking technology into new business. In comparison to well established business areas, such as IT or transport law, the newcomers’ investors in space enterprises might be confused in discovering incomplete legal frameworks depending on where they are based, an apparent maze of regulatory conditions to become applicable, the dispersed availability of proven legal expertise in each jurisdiction. The representatives of the legal community who have undertaken this work are showing how to transition such impressions from complex or frustrating to reassuring and attractive. For both State actors and entrepreneurs, this volume tries to provide a mapping and to illustrate the legal landscape that space investors and operators will find, so to help an understanding of the challenges and opportunities offered by the space business. In this respect this publication is a useful example of how to foster the progressive and beneficial growth of laws and regulations, so to be experienced and leveraged by all kind of space actors and their endeavours. We wish to this collective work a long-term success of followers and so to continue developing our legal practice and business knowledge for using space.”Marco Ferrazzani, Senior Legal Counsel, European Space Agency (ESA)“This innovative book belongs on the shelf of any commercial space lawyer and those seeking to enter this exciting field. This well-researched treatise delves into major new developments in commercial space law such as in-orbit servicing, large constellations, artificial intelligence, big data, private spaceflight, and space resource exploitation. I believe all commercial space lawyers will benefit from the authors’ insight as we draft and review agreements for the novel space activities before us and on the horizon. I certainly will be consulting this book as I wrestle with the challenges of first-of-their-kind commercial space agreements and their national and international implications.”Milton “Skip” Smith, Chair, Aerospace Practice Group, Sherman & Howard, Denver, CO, legal Counsel to the private Dragon CrewTable of ContentsFigures Contributors Foreword Editor’s preface Introduction PART I: General framework and boundary conditions A: Changing institutional roles in space policy1 Towards a new legal ecosystem for the exploitation of space 2 The EU Regulation for the Space Programme: A new framework 3 Commercial space activities in the US: An overview of the current policy and regulatory framework B: Fostering NewSpace: Finance models and favourable jurisdictions4 NewSpace companies: Incorporating and financing operations 5 The Space Protocol of the Cape Town Convention: A tool to promote greater commercialisation and private financing in the space sector C: The international legal framework for licensing space activities: Innovative examples 6 Canada: Past, current, and future space law and policy perspectives 7 National space law and licensing of commercial space activities in Japan 8 Regulating commercial space activities in Australia and New Zealand 9 Practical experiences with Finland’s national space legislation and lessons learned 10 Framework and licensing requirements for space activities in Russia, with a particular focus on the NewSpace sector 11 How China incorporates and fosters commercial space activities by its national space law instruments12 India: Recent developments in space business and regulation D: Fostering innovation through competition and public procurement 13 The EU and ESA rules on public procurement 14 Procurement by ESA in times of pandemic crises 15 NewSpace growth through NASA’s contractual and other transaction authorities 16 Public-private partnership to promote new entrants to space activities in Japan PART II: Specific markets A: Commercial space solutions for earth observation data and space applications 17 Legal considerations for NewSpace companies when selling data (and associated products and services) to the US Government 18 Regulation of commercial Earth observation systems and data B: Large constellations: Frequencies, registration, and interference 19 A satellite operator’s practical experiences with licensing and market barriers for global satellite constellations: The case of OneWeb 20 Registration requirements for satellites and the reality of large constellations: Ensuring a symbiosis of international law requirements and practicability C: New launchers, small launchers, space ports, and space tourism 21 How can the insurance market provide new and effective solutions to NewSpace technologies and services? 22 Legislating for spaceports, commercial space markets, and space tourism D: Space mining 23 National and international norms towards the governance of commercial space resource activity E: Specific aspects of smart contracts and blockchain technology 24 Blockchain and smart contracts in space operations 25 Agile contracts for space projects PART III: Cross-cutting items and challenges A: International standards and export control 26 Export control and NewSpace: Reciprocal challenges B: Active debris removal, on-orbit servicing, and space traffic management 27 Towards space traffic management 28 Future regulatory and licensing trends for active debris removal and on-orbit servicing in the UK and US 29 Legal aspects of ground-based infrastructure for space situational awareness C: Long-term sustainability and the changing nature of space law (cybersecurity) 30 Space cybersecurity and US law 31 NewSpace and ensuring long-term sustainability of the space environment 32 Ensuring space sustainability through national space legislation D: Outlook 33 Mission off-world: A technology-enabled vision for reimagining our society on Earth and beyond Index

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