International economics Books

Book SynopsisGlobal Control aims to achieve a clearer understanding of the long process of globalization by focusing on the crucial role of information and control technologies. Information systems and control technologies are key to globalization and, while generally facilitating the overall trend to spatial reorganization, they also effect change through the pervasive influence of 'internal systems logic'. Thus, the author argues, the dominant institutions of states, firms and markets transform global development and are themselves transformed by key information technologies. More specifically the book identifies the key phases of modern globalization and analyses the crucial role played by different information technologies at each point in time.Peter McMahon uses theory in political economy with writing on technological developments, and also combines cutting edge theory with historical evidence which provides a new explanation of the last two and a half centuries of global development.This unique book will be of great interest to academics and researchers of political economy, globalization, innovation and science as well as international business scholars.Trade Review'McMahon gives us a cogent history of information systems as means of control essential to recurrent cycles of capitalist reorganization. An engaging, theoretically informed, and deeply provocative synthesis.' -- Dan Schiller, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. Social Organization, Control and Information Technology 2. Telecommunications and the Nineteenth-Century Liberal-International World Order 3. Information Technology and US Industro-Military Development 4. Telematics and the Post-war International Order 5. Telematics as a Transnational Control Infrastructure 6. The New Cyber-Financial Global Order Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis book acts as a welcome foil to current thinking on the concept of globalisation, which tends to be divided into two distinct camps: one which suggests that the neo-liberal model has triumphed and has no realistic alternative, and another which argues that globalisation, in its most extreme form, does not really exist, rather having evolved gradually from the very beginnings of industrialisation. Bob Milward presents an alternative view of globalisation and argues that indeed there has been a continuum in capitalist development, but that this has been forged by historical processes and the dynamism of the competitive forces of capitalism. He identifies the emergence of monopoly capitalism as an important shaping factor, and in so doing sheds light on issues of underdevelopment, multinational imperialism and crises in advanced capitalist economies.This radical, multidisciplinary account of the condition of the global economy, encompassing a critique of the neo-liberal foundations of orthodox global analysis, will appeal to an extensive audience. Students, researchers and academics in the fields of economics, heterodox economics, economic geography, politics, sociology, development studies, international relations and public policy will find Globalisation? Internationalisation and Monopoly Capitalism to be an engaging read.Trade Review'There is no doubt that Bob Milward has written a book which is intrinsically interesting, has a clear message, and is a useful contribution in a debate often muddied with hyperbole. . . . it deserves a wide readership from those. . . interested in making sense of persistent economic imbalances in twenty-first century capitalism.' -- Paul Benneworth, EH.Net'It [the book] offers a well-balanced, well-researched analysis of the present globalism from an appropriately broad-based position, both in breadth of analysis and appropriate focus, and provides a very telling account of the inadequacies of the neo-classical position.' -- Keith Cowling, University of Warwick, UKTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. Globalisation? 3. Internationalisation 4. Monopoly Capitalism 5. Global Finance 6. Industry 7. Culture 8. Labour 9. Welfare States 10. Trade 11. Development and Underdevelopment 12. Regulation 13. Regionalisation 14. Concluding Remarks Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis forward-looking volume offers insights into the globalization of the Chinese economy and its accession to the WTO.The contributors provide updated accounts of recent developments in the Chinese economy and examines the implications of China's accession for the rest of the world. Firstly, the volume offers an overview of possible changes in industrial policies and analyzes new developments in some important sectors, including agriculture, telecommunications and automobiles. It addresses the key concerns in China regarding its entry into the WTO, such as whether the WTO membership will cause massive unemployment and/or exacerbate inequalities among regions. Finally, it evaluates the implications of increased trade and financial ties with China for the rest of the world, investigating the conditions facilitating foreign direct investment in China and assessing potential trade disputes as trade between China and the rest of the world grows. The Globalization of the Chinese Economy provides a comprehensive picture of the political, economic and social environment in China as a whole. It will be of particular interest to academics of Asian studies and international relations as well as policymakers in the US, China and other Western economies.Trade Review'This one is worth reading for those interested in how China's economy is being transformed by the WTO and the larger transition to a market-based capitalist economy. Recommended.' -- S.J. Gabriel, Choice'This book provides a most authoritative analysis of the impact of China's accession to the WTO. The book should be of interest to every scholar concerned with China's future.' -- Justin Yifu Lin, Peking University, China and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong'The editors of this volume - all graduated from colleges in China, received their PhD's in economics from US universities, and are currently research scholars in the US - have assembled a remarkable set of articles on China's accession to WTO. The authors, many of whom share the path of the editors, are well positioned to have both a broad perspective and a sharp insight on the issue that is much publicized yet little analyzed.' -- Yingyi Qian, University of California, Berkeley, US'This volume by a distinguished group of authors is timely and presents valuable insight.' -- Yanrui Wu, University of Western AustraliaTable of ContentsFull Contents: 1. A Globalizing China: An Introduction Part I: Transformation in the Chinese Economy 2. Revamping the Industrial Policies 3. The Future of the Agricultural Sector 4. Telecommunications: Moving Towards Competition 5. Telecommunications: Recent Rate Adjustments 6. Automobile and Fuel Industries Part II: Social Implications 7. Reconfiguration of the Labor Market 8. Regional Inequality 9. Urbanization and Population Relocation Part III: Linkage with the World 10. The Impact on the US and Other Countries 11. The Impact on Taiwan 12. Foreign Investment in China: Macro Determinants 13. Foreign Investment in China: Firm Strategies 14. Explosion of Trade Disputes? Index

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Book SynopsisIt is hard to think of anyone who has contributed so much and so widely to research in international public finance in the last 40 years as has Richard Bird. This volume of essays emerged from a conference dedicated to him. It also expands on our understanding of international public finance.Richard Bird's academic and applied work has always benefited from a far-reaching involvement with, and knowledge of, relevant policy issues in many countries around the world. The range of public finance issues to which he has contributed over the years covers practically the whole gamut of the public finance discipline: tax policy, tax administration, the interdependency between the two, intergovernmental fiscal relations, public expenditure policy, and fiscal management processes. The topics covered in this book reflect the wide contributions of Richard Bird to the subject of international public finance, including original reviews of intergovernmental fiscal relations, fiscal policy, and tax evasion and tax administration, all with a special focus on transition and developing countries. These essays, by top scholars in their own right, will deepen our own understanding of relevant problems and issues in international public finance, much like Richard Bird has been doing for many years, and will be of interest to economists, policymakers and students.Table of ContentsContents: Foreword Part I: Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations Part II: Tax Evasion, Tax Administration and the Role of Government Part III: Fiscal Policy Part IV: A Summing Up Index

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Book SynopsisThe application of real options theory to the decision making of multinational enterprises (MNEs) is an exciting new area of research within the field of international business. Such contributions will make existing theories in international business (such as internalization theory) dynamic and more realistic. This important collection presents 20 of the most significant articles that apply real options theory to international business and strategic management. The volume organizes the recent literature so that further advances can be made by international business scholars to capitalize on the power and usefulness of the real options approach. Part I includes articles that help to clarify the definitions of real options and the boundaries of applying real options theory to analyze the decision making of firms. Part II consists of applications to operational flexibility of the multinational network. Part III comprises applications to market entry modes among which joint ventures are most widely studied. Part IV refers to applications to market entry timing. Part V includes several applications to strategic management.Trade Review'A common criticism of economic theory is that its approach is static rather than dynamic, and that it ignores the impact of uncertainty on decisions. Real option theory shows that this criticism is unfounded. Real option theory explores the logic of flexibility - a crucial aspect of corporate strategy in a volatile and competitive environment. The editors have done a brilliant job in bringing together key contributions within a clear and logical structure. This book is an essential reference source for anyone working in this exciting area of research.' -- Mark Casson, University of Reading, UKTable of ContentsContents: Acknowledgements Introduction Alan M. Rugman and Jing Li PART I THE REAL OPTIONS APPROACH TO INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND STRATEGY 1. Peter J. Buckley, Mark Casson and Mohammed Azzim Gulamhussen (2002), ‘Internationalisation – Real Options, Knowledge Management and the Uppsala Approach’ 2. Peter J. Buckley and Mark C. Casson (1998), ‘Models of the Multinational Enterprise’ 3. Ron Adner and Daniel A. Levinthal (2004), ‘What is Not a Real Option: Considering Boundaries for the Application of Real Options to Business Strategy’ PART II APPLICATIONS OF REAL OPTIONS TO MULTINATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL FLEXIBILITY 4. Alan M. Rugman (1976), ‘Risk Reduction by International Diversification’ 5. Bruce Kogut and Nalin Kulatilaka (1994), ‘Operating Flexibility, Global Manufacturing, and the Option Value of a Multinational Network’ 6. José Manuel Campa (1994), ‘Multinational Investment Under Uncertainty in the Chemical Processing Industries’ 7. Subramanian Rangan (1998), ‘Do Multinationals Operate Flexibly? Theory and Evidence’ 8. Kent D. Miller and Jeffrey J. Reuer (1998), ‘Firm Strategy and Economic Exposure To Foreign Exchange Rate Movements’ 9. Jeffrey J. Reuer and Michael J. Leiblein (2000), ‘Downside Risk Implications of Multinationality and International Joint Ventures’ PART III REAL OPTIONS AND MARKET ENTRY MODES 10. Bruce Kogut (1991), ‘Joint Ventures and the Option to Expand and Acquire’ 11. Tailan Chi and Donald J. McGuire (1996), ‘Collaborative Ventures and Value of Learning: Integrating the Transaction Cost and Strategic Option Perspectives on the Choice of Market Entry Modes’ 12. Timothy B. Folta (1998), ‘Governance and Uncertainty: The Trade-off Between Administrative Control and Commitment’ 13. Tailan Chi (2000), ‘Option to Acquire or Divest a Joint Venture’ PART IV REAL OPTIONS AND MARKET ENTRY TIMING 14. Peter J. Buckley and Mark Casson (1981), ‘The Optimal Timing of a Foreign Direct Investment’ 15. Pietra Rivoli and Eugene Salorio (1996), ‘Foreign Direct Investment and Investment Under Uncertainty’ 16. Timothy B. Folta and Kent D. Miller (2002), ‘Real Options in Equity Partnerships’ 17. Timothy B. Folta and Jonathan P. O’Brien (2004), ‘Entry in the Presence of Dueling Options’ PART V REAL OPTIONS AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 18. Edward H. Bowman and Dileep Hurry (1993), ‘Strategy Through the Option Lens: An Integrated View of Resource Investments and the Incremental-Choice Process’ 19. Rita Gunther McGrath (1997), ‘A Real Options Logic for Initiating Technology Positioning Investments’ 20. Bruce Kogut and Nalin Kulatilaka (2001), ‘Capabilities as Real Options’ Name Index

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Book SynopsisThis innovative book provides a greater understanding of the relationships between transnational corporations and the economic development of host economies. In the age of globalisation, awareness of the mechanisms through which foreign firms impact on host countries is crucial. The emphasis lies on backward linkages and knowledge transfer to local firms. The book offers a theoretical framework for the activities of TNCs and a review of their impacts on South East Asian economies.The author conveys in-depth information, using extensive data collected from transnational corporations in the Malaysian electrical and electronics sector. A unique approach is adopted by presenting factors explaining the existence as well as the degree of knowledge transfer through backward linkages. To date, no other study has provided a full range of data - qualitative and quantitative - on the existence, as well as the degree, of backward linkages' transfer.Academics, practitioners and students of international business studies, international development and Asian studies will find Transnational Corporations, Technology and Economic Development of great interest, as will business school libraries in European, North American and Asian universities.Trade Review'In a meticulously researched and insightful study, Dr Axele Giroud has provided a valuable contribution to the literature on the role of transnational corporations (TNCs) in technology transfer and, thereby, the development process. Of course, there are many studies on technology transfer, but few look in so much detail at the nitty-gritty of inter-corporate relations and the contingent, delicate and intricate web of relationships underlying the processes of knowledge transfer. The book focuses on the linkages between TNCs and local suppliers and, by showing which factors explain the existence and degree of knowledge transfer, Dr Giroud illuminates a sorely neglected area of research.' -- Hafiz Mirza, University of Bradford, UK'This is a very impressive text indispensable for those who want to better understand the linkages between transnational corporations, technology transfer and economic development. Axele Giroud's comprehensive analysis on this topic presents the reader with useful theoretical insights, new conceptual syntheses and detailed empirical material. Furthermore, she manages to convey the more technical and complex aspects of the subject matter in a clear and concise fashion. The various schematic diagrams deployed throughout the text are especially helpful in this respect. Giroud's research is based on a rigorous combination of questionnaire surveys, semi-structured interviews and interesting case studies drawn from the Malaysian electrical and electronic sector. Overall, this is a fine piece of scholarship.' -- Christopher M. Dent, University of Leeds, UKTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. TNCs and Backward Linkages in Host Countries: A Theoretical Approach 3. TNCs and their Impact in Host-Developing Economies: The Case of ASEAN Countries 4. Developing Favourable Environment for Backward Linkages: Malaysia, Foreign Direct Investment and the Electrical and Electronics Sector 5. Research Methodology and Design 6. Research Findings: Case-by-Case Analysis 7. Factors Explaining Existence and Degree of Knowledge Transfer 8. Conclusion References Index

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Book SynopsisNobel Prize winner James Tobin has made outstanding contributions to modern macroeconomics. In this final collection of his work he examines the economic policies of the United States and its relations with other major economies after 1990. In James Tobin's view, the welfare of populations depends uniquely on these policies and it is important to be aware of their impact.This book brings together James Tobin's recent work, both published and unpublished, on finance and globalization, currency crises and bailouts. Emphasis is placed on international economic relations and policies, and on the IMF and World Bank. In particular, economic and monetary relations among nations, exchange rate problems and policies and the 'Tobin Tax' - popular in Europe but much misunderstood - are discussed.Professor Tobin also examines the impact of his earlier work on recent US fiscal policy. The Clinton administration followed a tight fiscal policy leading to budget surpluses, and this enabled Alan Greenspan at the Federal Reserve to follow an 'easy', low interest rate, monetary policy. This mix was advocated back in the 1950s and 1960s by Paul Samuelson and James Tobin. The memo Professor Tobin wrote for the J.F. Kennedy campaign of 1960 is published for the first time. The policy was not applied until 30-35 years later. Presenting a framework for understanding monetary and fiscal policies and how they determine full employment and growth, the book will prove invaluable to students and scholars of macroeconomics, as well as economists wishing to gain an insight into Professor Tobin's unique contribution to economics.Table of ContentsContents: Foreword by Janet Yellen Introduction Part I: Financial Globalization and World Money Part II: Currency Crises and Bailouts Part III: Growth and the Fiscal–Monetary Policy Mix Part IV: Political Economy Index

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Book SynopsisMainstream trade and commercial policy theories with lineage traced back to Smith, Ricardo, Torrens, and Mill have often trivialised the process of development as static resource allocation. Peter Sai-wing Ho re-interprets the works of these classical economists and those of the so-called 'protectionists' Hamilton, List, Manoïlesco, Prebisch, Myrdal, and Singer to offer an alternative framework that considers the role of trade, foreign investment, and technology in engendering uneven development. The author reveals that these protectionists actually offered sophisticated prescriptions involving non-trade instruments, interweaving import-substitution with export-promotion, and emphasising indigenous technological-capability cultivation.This controversial book offers a unique approach to rethinking the trade and development literature and will therefore strongly appeal to researchers, academics, and students of trade and development as well as those involved in the history of economic thought.Table of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction Part I: Re-Interpreting Classical Trade Theories in a Simple Framework of Capitalist Development 2. The Mainstream Interpretation of Classical Trade Theories 3. Smith and Ricardo: Trade and Uneven Development 4. Torrens: Trade, Uneven Development, Commercial Reciprocity and Colonisation 5. Mill: Trade, Uneven Development, and Perpetual Overflow of Capital from England Part II: Re-Examining ‘Trade Protection’ Arguments from Perspectives of Development 6. The Mainstream Conception of Spontaneous Structural Changes and its Formulation of the Theory of Commercial Policy 7. Hamilton: Promoting Development of America through a Multitude of Policy Instruments 8. List: Unleashing Productive Powers and Reciprocal Effects through a Multitude of Policy Instruments 9. Manoïlesco: Supporting the Expansion of Superior Productive Sectors through Tariffs or Subventions 10. Prebisch: Infusing Dynamism into Development Processes via Raising Investment and Technological Densities, and IS and EP Industrialisation 11. Mrydal: Harnessing Spread, While Curtailing Backwash, Effects with a Multitude of Policy Actions 12. Singer: Correcting Maldistribution of Gains from Progress by Tackling International Technological Dualism 13. Some Concluding Thoughts Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis authoritative new collection presents a selection of previously published seminal articles that have led to the development of intra-industry trade theory and empirical research.Parts I and II cover the pioneering research in the 1960s and a number of models of intra-industry trade that were developed from 1979 to the present day. Parts III and IV look at the empirical research problems in the choice of measure of intra-industry trade and empirical studies that seek to identify the nature of this trade. Part V deals with the role of the multinational corporation and part VI completes the collection with articles that look at extensions to asset markets and applications to other problems such as the geography of trade and rules of origin.Intra-Industry Trade will be an invaluable source of reference to all international trade economists and libraries specialising in this area.Table of ContentsContents: Acknowledgements Introduction Peter J. Lloyd and Herbert G. Grubel PART I THE BEGINNINGS 1. P.J. Verdoorn (1960), excerpt from ‘The Intra-Bloc Trade of Benelux’ 2. Kiyoshi Kojima (1964), ‘The Pattern of International Trade Among Advanced Countries’ 3. Bela Balassa (1966), ‘Tariff Reductions and Trade in Manufactures among the Industrial Countries’ 4. Herbert G. Grubel (1967), ‘Intra-industry Specialization and the Pattern of Trade’ PART II THE THEORY OF INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE 5. Paul S. Armington (1969), ‘A Theory of Demand for Products Distinguished by Place of Production’ 6. Paul R. Krugman (1979), ‘Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition, and International Trade’ 7. Kelvin Lancaster (1980), ‘Intra-Industry Trade under Perfect Monopolistic Competition’ 8. Elhanan Helpman (1981), ‘International Trade in the Presence of Product Differentiation, Economies of Scale and Monopolistic Competition: A Chamberlin–Heckscher–Ohlin Approach’ 9. Rodney E. Falvey (1981), ‘Commercial Policy and Intra-Industry Trade’ 10. James A. Brander (1981), ‘Intra-Industry Trade in Identical Commodities’ 11. Avinash K. Dixit and Gene M. Grossman (1982), ‘Trade and Protection with Multistage Production’ 12. Wilfred J. Ethier (1982), ‘National and International Returns to Scale in the Modern Theory of International Trade’ 13. Donald R. Davis (1995), ‘Intra-industry Trade: A Heckscher–Ohlin–Ricardo Approach’ 14. Peter J. Lloyd (1994), ‘Aggregation by Industry in High-Dimensional Models’ PART III MEASUREMENT OF INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE 15. H.G. Grubel and ı (1971), ‘The Empirical Measurement of Intra-Industry Trade’ 16. David Greenaway and Chris Milner (1981), ‘Trade Imbalance Effects in the Measurement of Intra-Industry Trade’ 17. Jacob Kol and Loet B.M. Mennes (1986), ‘Intra-Industry Specialization: Some Observations on Concepts and Measurement’ 18. Clive Hamilton and Paul Kniest (1991), ‘Trade Liberalisation, Structural Adjustment and Intra-Industry Trade: A Note’ 19. Marius Brülhart (1994), ‘Marginal Intra-Industry Trade: Measurement and Relevance for the Pattern of Industrial Adjustment’ PART IV EMPIRICAL STUDIES 20. Elhanan Helpman (1987), ‘Imperfect Competition and International Trade: Evidence from Fourteen Industrial Countries’ 21. David Hummels and James Levinsohn (1995), ‘Monopolistic Competition and International Trade: Reconsidering the Evidence’ 22. Donald R. Davis and David E. Weinstein (2000), ‘International Trade as an "Integrated Equilibrium": New Perspectives’ 23. David Greenaway, Robert Hine and Chris Milner (1994), ‘Country-Specific Factors and the Pattern of Horizontal and Vertical Intra-Industry Trade in the UK’ PART V THE ROLE OF THE MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION 24. John H. Dunning (1981), ‘A Note on Intra-Industry Foreign Direct Investment’ 25. James R. Markusen and Anthony J. Venables (2000), ‘The Theory of Endowment, Intra-industry and Multi-national Trade’ 26. David Greenaway, Peter J. Lloyd and Chris Milner (2001), ‘Intra-industry Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Flows: New Measures of Global Competition’ 27. Sanjaya Lall (1978), ‘The Pattern of Intra-firm Exports by U.S. Multinationals’ PART VI EXTENSIONS TO OTHER MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS TO OTHER PROBLEMS 28. Mary Amiti and Anthony J. Venables (2002), ‘The Geography of Intra-Industry Trade’ 29. Peter L. Rodriguez (2000), ‘Rules of Origin with Multistage Production’ 30. Herbert G. Grubel (1979), ‘Towards a Theory of Two-Way Trade in Capital Assets’ Name Index

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Book SynopsisPresenting the challenges and opportunities ahead, the contributors to this volume critically examine the current status and future direction of research in international marketing. The result of a sustained and lively dialogue among contributors from a variety of cultures, this volume gathers their perspectives and many insights on the revitalization of the field. The authors address the way international marketing actually functions, as well as theoretical explorations of how it should function. Some of the papers break through the bounds of traditional disciplines and methodologies to borrow whatever tools and concepts are needed for a particular inquiry. Others are less concerned with testing existing theory than with generating new insights. Still others provide results that are significant for managers. Many of the contributors are drawn to problems broad in scope and offer insights that are of considerable value for advancing the state of the art. Part I offers a review of the state of the art in international marketing and examines market orientation and withdrawal. Parts II through IV cover foreign market entry modes, strategy, and cross cultural issues. Parts V and VI discuss global electronic commerce as well as diffusion models, country equity, and global scorecards.A timely and innovative volume, Handbook of Research in International Marketing is a must read for anyone interested in marketing research or international business.Trade Review'This edited volume is a welcome addition to international marketing literature. . . The volume as a whole presents an excellent review of the international marketing field and provides some future directions. The contributors, all esteemed and well-known scholars in the field, have tackled their respective specialization areas in depth and substance. Moreover, the volume is quite comprehensive and covers a wide range of international marketing areas. I am sure it will be highly useful for researchers and practitioners in international marketing. This is one of the few such edited volumes that address not only researchers but also practitioners. It is, due to its approach and style, very accessible. In conclusion, it is a most comprehensive volume on contemporary research on international marketing and is rightly titled as ”Handbook”. For researchers, particularly Ph.D. candidates, it should serve as the first reading to bring them up to date about the state of the knowledge in their respective field. This will also help them formulate their own research questions and methodologies. For managers, it presents a wealth of knowledge that can help them formulate their international marketing strategies.' -- Pervez Ghauri, Journal of International Business StudiesTable of ContentsContents: Part I: Introduction 1. Masaaki Kotabe, ‘State-of-the-Art Review of Research International Marketing Management’ 2. G. Thomas, M. Hult and Destan Kandemir,‘Market Orientation, Learning Orientation, and Innovativeness in the Global Marketplace: Moderating Roles of Organizational Memory and Market Turbulence’ 3. Pieter Pauwels and Paul Matthyssens, ‘The Dynamics of International Market Withdrawal’ 4. M. Krishna Erramilli, ‘Regionalization of Multinationals: Implications for Research in International Marketing’ PartII: Entry Strategy 5. David B. Montgomery and Allen M. Weiss, ‘Managerial Preferences for Strategic Alliance Attributes: Some Global Contrasts’ 6. Shaoming Zou, Charles R. Taylor and S. Tamer Cavusgil, ‘The Political Economy Explanation of International Market Entry Mode Choice: An Exploratory Study’ 7. F. Esra Gençtürk, ‘Foreign Market Entry Modes: A Sequentially Embedded Decision Approach’ Part III: Cross-Cultural Research Issues 8. Attila Yaprak, ‘Measurement Problems in Cross-National Consumer Research: The State-of-the-Art and Future Research Directions’ 9. Nancy R. Buchan, ‘Experimental Economic Approaches to International Marketing Research’ 10.Cheryl C. Nakata, ‘Culture Theory in International Marketing: An Ontological and Epistemological Examination’ 11.Shi Zhang, Bernd H. Schmitt and Hillary Haley, ‘Language and Culture: Linguistic Effects on Consumer Behavior in International Marketing Research’ Part IV: Marketing Strategy 12. Preet S. Aulakh, ‘International Product Strategies: An Integrative Framework’ 13.Susan P. Douglas and C. Samuel Craig, ‘Dynamics of International Brand Architecture: Overview and Directions for Future Research’ 14. Johny K. Johansson and Ilkka A. Ronkainen, ‘Global Brands: Does Familiarity Breed Contempt?’ 15.John K. Ryans, Jr. and David A. Griffith, ‘International Advertising Research: Standardization/Adaptation and the Future’ Part V: Global Electronic Commerce 16. P. Rajan Varadarajan and Manjit S. Yadav, ‘Competitive Strategy in a Global Electronic Marketplace: Extant Strategy Perspectives Revisited’ 17.Saeed Samiee, ‘Roles and Consequences of Electronic Commerce in Global Marketing’ 18. Ravi Sarathy, ‘Privacy Protection and Global Marketing: Balancing Consumer and Corporate Interests’ Part VI: Special Topics 19. V. Kumar, ‘Global Diffusion Models: Back to the Future’ 20. Nicolas Papadopoulos and Louise A. Heslop, ‘Country Equity and Product-Country Images: State-of-the-Art in Research and Implications’ 21. Camille P. Schuster, ‘Introduction to a Global Scorecard: Industry Practice and International Implications’ 22. Robert L. Engle, ‘The Development and Use of a Global Marketing and Sales Scorecard’ 23. Narasimhan Srinivasan and Subhash C. Jain, ‘Country of Origin Effect: Synthesis and Future Direction’ Index

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Book SynopsisThis updated and fully revised second edition provides a comprehensive examination of issues of paramount importance for Southeast Asian economies including: the economic implications of the 1997 Asian crisis for both older and newer members of ASEAN the role of government and FDI in ASEAN economic growth and development trade patterns with the US, Japan and the EU and the economic implications of China's accession to the WTO for ASEAN countries the environmental consequences of industrialisation and growth the emergence of economic growth triangles and their contribution to ASEAN growth and regional cooperation the prospects and challenges of ASEAN economic cooperation before and after the crisis and the key challenges facing ASEAN member countries in the aftermath of the crisis. This is a timely and topical book. The Economies of Southeast Asia, Second Edition will continue to be a valuable and essential text for courses on Asian studies and economics, development economics and comparative economic systems in both the East and West.Trade Review'The book is well written and well structured, mixing country-specific analysis with cross-sectional analysis. It provides an extensive examination of issues of paramount importance for the South East Asian economies and, therefore, should interest academia and policymakers whose interests relate to regionalism and development in East Asia. The author has cleverly included useful suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter, and a useful index at the end of the book. A paperback edition of over 300 pages costing £19.95 is not only value for money, but affordable as well.' -- Anthony Bende-Nabende, Asia Pacific Business Review'. . . for those seeking a fairly comprehensive mainstream account of the key issues faced by ASEAN (post-1997-98 financial crisis), this book nicely fills the order. Recommended for upper-division undergraduate through faculty collections.' -- S.J. Gabriel, Choice'This timely publication is essential reading for those wanting not only to understand the background to the 1997/98 Asian crisis but also to reach conclusions about the sustainability of recovery in Southeast Asia's economies. It is packed full of relevant detail on intra-regional trade and ASEANs wider trade and investment opportunities. In particular it will inform the important debate on whether regional economic blocs are building blocks or stumbling blocks toward global free trade.' -- Roger Sandilands, University of Strathclyde, UKAcclaim for the first edition:'. . . this book is a useful introduction to the complexities of the development of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) economies within the context of the development of ASEAN itself.' -- Ahmad D. Habir, Pacific AffairsTable of ContentsContents: Preface An Overview Part I: ASEAN Economic Development and Cooperation Before the Crisis Part II: ASEAN External Economic Relations Part III: The 1997 Asian Crisis and its Aftermath Part IV: Future ASEAN Economic Cooperation and Challenges Appendix Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis unique book offers a comprehensive analysis of the changing role of government with respect to domestic technology development in eight countries in both the developed and the developing world. The author distinguishes between those countries which can be classed as creators of new technologies (Japan, Korea and Israel) and those which possess the potential to create new technologies (Singapore, Malaysia, India, South Africa and Brazil). The author details the fiscal and non-fiscal policy measures each country employs to stimulate investments in R&D in the enterprise sector. He finds that, for financial instruments such as tax incentives and research grants to succeed, a strong emphasis also needs to be placed on non-fiscal policy measures. The most important of these is human resource development which is emphasised as an integral component of successful innovation policy. The book is written in a manner which allows the comparison of results between each country.Government, Innovation and Technology Policy will be a valuable text for governments, NGOs and multilateral institutions interested in the practicalities of promoting innovation at the enterprise level. It will also be useful supplementary reading for scholars and students of the theory and practice of innovation policy.Trade Review'This book is a valuable and significant contribution to the field of innovation policies and is well put together and written. It provides a novel framework for understanding the efforts made by governments to promote innovation and technological change within a global environment.' -- David B. Audretsch, Indiana University, Bloomington, US and Otto Beisheim School WHU, GermanyTable of ContentsContents: Foreword 1. Innovation Policies in a Globalised World 2. The Japanese Model of Low Government Intervention 3. The South Korean Model of Increasing Privatisation of Industrial R&D 4. The Singaporean Model of Increasing Government Intervention 5. The Malaysian Experience 6. The South African Experience since 1994 7. The Indian Experience 8. The Brazilian Experience 9. Working with the Market: Israel’s Experience with Research Grants 10. Conclusions References Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume investigates the relationship between economic globalization and institutions, or global governance, challenging the common assumption that globalization and institutionalization are essentially processes which exclude each other. Instead, the contributors to this book show that globalization is better perceived as a dual process of institutional change at the national level, and institution building at the transnational level. Rich, supporting empirical evidence is provided along with a theoretical conceptualization of the main actors, mechanisms and conditions involved in trickle-up and trickle-down trajectories through which national institutional systems are being transformed and transnational rules emerge.The book collectively argues that transnational institution building is one of the most striking features of the current period of internationalization. As a consequence, debates concerning globalization and global governance have to be reformulated. The authors posit that globalization is not threatening governance, but in fact globalization reflects a particular type of governance. The dilemma, therefore, is not between globalization and institutions, but between different meanings of governance and the balance that should be reached between them.Globalization and Institutions will be of special interest to academics and scholars of institutional economics, globalization and management. However, with its focus on two key debates for which there is clearly rising interest, many social scientists will find the book of interest.Trade Review'This valuable edited volume will move forward the debate on national business systems/varieties of capitalism in the context of globalization and provide new directions for it. Both in its persuasive theoretical sections and in its empirical chapters, the work shifts our focus to the transnational space and its interaction with national and sub-national levels. It moves away from a determinist institutionalist analysis and puts more emphasis on actors at sub-national level and their contribution to a complex and multi-directional process of non-linear change. The volume is particularly preoccupied with rule-making at the transnational level and the impact of new rules on national institutions. In contrast to many conference volumes, this one excels through a genuine integration of theory with empirical chapters and through a selection of authors who all tackle new and highly topical aspects of economic globalization.' -- Christel Lane, University of Cambridge and St John's College, Cambridge, UK'The rapid rise of supra-national institutions, in Europe and worldwide, has had a great impact on the ways business organizes and operates. New rules and regulations, professions, organizations, and models arise and become established. They provide new uncertainties and opportunities, but in any case greatly change the conditions businesses confront. Marie-Laure Djelic and Sigrid Quack have put together a set of most impressive studies analyzing the whole process as it occurs in different economic sectors, and have presented these in a conceptual frame that helps the reader make sense of them. The studies here focus on the two main issues at hand in globalization or Europeanization. They analyze the rise, nature, and spread of the new institutional systems. And they analyze the impact of these systems on formerly-national businesses and economic arrangements. Readers concerned with the impact of globalization and the new Europe on business and economic organization will find the studies here invaluable.' -- John Meyer, Stanford University, USTable of ContentsContents: Introduction: Governing Globalization – Bringing Institutions Back In 1. Theoretical Building Blocks for a Research Agenda Linking Globalization and Institutions Part I: Globalization and National Institutional Change 2. Global Investors Meet Local Managers: Shareholder Value in the Finnish Context 3. Building up an Asset Management Industry: Forays of an Anglo-Saxon Logic into the French Business System 4. Message and Medium: The Role of Consulting Firms in Globalization and its Load Interpretation 5. Changing Transnational Institutions and the Management of International Business Transactions Part II: Globalization and Transnational Institution Building 6. Coordinating Transnational Competition: Changing Patterns in the European Pulp and Paper Industry 7. Path-dependent National Systems or European Convergence? The Case of European Electricity Markets 8. Europe’s Special Case: The Five Corners of Business–state Interactions 9. Multilateral Rulemaking: Transatlantic Struggles Around Genetically Modified Food 10. Innovations in Governance: Global Structuring and the Field of Public Exchange-Traded Markets 11. Structuring Dispute Resolution in Transnational Trade: Competition and Coevolution of Public and Private Institutions Conclusion: Globalization as a Double Process of Institutional Change and Institution Building Index

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Book SynopsisThis book reprints 18 essays selected from almost 30 years of work by the author as a high level official at the UN Conference on Trade and Development, the US Treasury Department and the World Bank. These essays report some of the core analytical thinking behind positions taken by these agencies on major issues in international trade policy: e.g., the shift of view on 'trade and development' from the presumption that developing countries should receive 'special and differential treatment' to today's view that they should aggressively exploit opportunities that international trade offers. Other essays report analytical work at the US Treasury Department on proposals in the 1970s for a 'New International Economic Order' - findings that supported the more conservative line that the US government eventually took, even though the Kissinger State Department urged a more accommodating line. Some essays are highly critical, e.g., of antidumping and its use by developing countries as well as by the United States, and of the GATT/WTO system itself as a template for economic policy.Scholars and students interested in how the GATT/WTO works as a policy making system will find this collection revealing as will readers interested in a way to evaluate the impact of antidumping (and other 'trade remedies') on the national economic system and on how to construct policy mechanisms that more effectively bring the interests of all US citizens into the making of US trade policy. In addition, many of these essays are useful for courses in international economics, international relations and policy science.Table of ContentsContents: Introduction Part I: Tariffs and Other Instruments of Import Policy Part II: The New International Economic Order Part III: Administered Protection Part IV: How the GATT Works Part V: Developing Countries in the GATT/WTO Part VI: Conclusion Index

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Book SynopsisThis unique volume provides a comprehensive survey of the major economic issues that have helped shape the modern world. It includes discussions of the latest research findings in macroeconomics and scrutinises some of the most important debates in economic history. The author examines the many controversies relating to the role of government in a modern economy, long-run growth and development, the spread of the Industrial Revolution, the causes and consequences of the 'Great Depression', the 'Great Peacetime Inflation', the conduct of stabilisation policy, international economic integration and globalisation. To shed light on these major issues the volume contains interviews with ten leading economists who have each contributed extensively to the literature on macroeconomics, economic growth and development, international economics and economic history. A major theme which runs throughout the book is the conviction that economists can gain valuable insights concerning important contemporary policy issues from a knowledge of history, especially economic history. The distinguished economists featured in this book are: Ben Bernanke, Jagdish Bhagwati, Alan Blinder, Nick Crafts, Bradford DeLong, Barry Eichengreen, Kevin Hoover, Charles Jones, Christina Romer and Joseph Stiglitz.Containing an extensive and up-to-date list of references, the book provides a comprehensive guide to the modern literature on macroeconomics and related fields. It will be an essential reference for all scholars and students of economics, especially those with an interest in economic growth, business cycles, inflation, unemployment, trade and globalisation. It will also be of considerable value to students of economic history and the history of economic thought.Trade Review'This is a splendid book. It sits at the interface of economics and economic history, and provides both a textbook-style introduction to the key themes of macroeconomics and personal insights into the central debates gleaned from interviews with leading economists.' -- David Greasley, Australian Economic History Review'It should be in every library. A hundred years from now, it will be an important guide to what leading economists thought they knew, and what they knew they didn't know as of A.D. 2002.' -- Christopher Hanes, EH.Net'Conversations on Growth, Stability and Trade is a wonderful survey of the development of macroeconomic thinking over the past decades. Brian Snowdon has a knack for combining insightful essays on a subject with interviews of interesting, relevant, and diverse economists. The interviews give one an excellent sense of how economists approach policy issues.' -- David Colander, Middlebury College, US'Conversations on Growth, Stability and Trade has all the lucidity of A Modern Guide to Macroeconomics by Snowdon, Vane and Wynarczyk, combined with the fascination of Conversations with Leading Economists by Snowdon and Vane. Students will love it and their teachers will devour it the night before the big lecture. If only I had learned macroeconomics this way.' -- The late Mark Blaug, formerly of the University of London and University of Buckingham, UKTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction: The World Economy in Historical Perspective 2. Economic Growth and Development: A Very Long-run View 3. Growth Theories: Old and New 4. Managing Aggregate Economic Instability: From Keynes to Lucas 5. International Economic Integration in the Second Global Age Interviews Appendix References Index

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Book SynopsisRecent years have witnessed a veritable epidemic of financial crises - from Mexico, through South East Asia, Russia, Brazil and now Argentina. The rich industrial countries, led by the United States, have had to respond. This book examines the G7‘s attempts over the past decade to re-establish rules and a degree of order in the world financial system through the creation of the Financial Stability Forum and the G20, which they are calling the New International Financial Architecture. Susanne Soederberg asks: · Why has the New International Financial Architecture emerged? · At whose initiative? · What does it involve? · What are the underlying power relations? · Who is benefiting? · Will it really work? The author argues, however, that this tinkering with the capitalist system will not achieve either sustained economic growth or stability in financial markets, let alone enhance the capability of developing countries to tackle the problems of mass poverty and social injustice.Trade Review'Full of facts and persuasive arguments, Susanne Soederberg's book deconstructs the 'commonsense' understanding of the new international financial architecture that the United States has imposed on the world over the last twenty years.'Giovanni Arrighi, author of The Long Twentieth Century ' I highly recommend the analysis of this book to all those who are struggling for another pattern of globalization based on social and international justice.'Samir Amin 'This book is an invaluable resource to international activists who are struggling to be architects of a better future for humanity, and who know that the world must change profoundly if it is to change at all.'Molly Kane, Inter ParesTable of Contents 1. Transcending the 'Common Sense' of the New International Financial Architecture 2. The Mexican Peso Crisis and the Foundations of the New International Financial Architecture 3. The New International Financial Architecture: A New Procrustean Bed for the South? 4. Unravelling Washington's Judgement Calls: The Cases of the Chilean and Malaysian Capital Controls 5. Deconstructing the New International Standard of Corporate Governance: An Emerging Disciplinary Strategy for the South? 6. Linkages between the New International Financial Architecture and the Emerging Development Architecture: The Case of the Monterrey Consensus

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Book SynopsisCan developing countries trade their way out of poverty? International trade has grown dramatically in the last two decades in the global economy, and trade is an important source of revenue in developing countries. Yet, many low-income countries have been producing and exporting tropical commodities for a long time. They are still poor. This book is a major analytical contribution to understanding commodity production and trade, as well as putting forward policy-relevant suggestions for ‘solving’ the commodity problem. Through the study of the global value chain for coffee, the authors recast the ‘development problem’ for countries relying on commodity exports in entirely new ways. They do so by analysing the so-called coffee paradox – the coexistence of a ‘coffee boom’ in consuming countries and of a ‘coffee crisis’ in producing countries. New consumption patterns have emerged with the growing importance of specialty, fair trade and other ‘sustainable’ coffees. In consuming countries, coffee has become a fashionable drink and coffee bar chains have expanded rapidly. At the same time, international coffee prices have fallen dramatically and producers receive the lowest prices in decades. This book shows that the coffee paradox exists because what farmers sell and what consumers buy are becoming increasingly ‘different’ coffees. It is not material quality that contemporary coffee consumers pay for, but mostly symbolic quality and in-person services. As long as coffee farmers and their organizations do not control at least parts of this ‘immaterial’ production, they will keep receiving low prices. The Coffee Paradox seeks ways out from this situation by addressing some key questions: What kinds of quality attributes are combined in a coffee cup or coffee package? Who is producing these attributes? How can part of these attributes be produced by developing country farmers? To what extent are specialty and sustainable coffees achieving these objectives?Trade Review'An important contribution to the literature on primary products and economic development.' Diego Pizano, National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia 'Daviron and Ponte have done a masterful job both of showing the limits to 'free' trade in agricultural products as well as providing some concrete proposals as to what must be done to promote greater equity. The story of the global coffee trade is an essential lesson for all those concerned about international development. This volume should be read by anyone who is interested in how international trade takes place on the ground as opposed to abstract theorizing about it.' Lawrence Busch, director of the Institute for Food and Agricultural Standards, Michigan State University 'This book uses value chain analysis to go beyond the normal hand-wringing about the coffee crisis. The authors blend theory and practice (including new data) to provide all those interested in coffee with new insights, ideas and perspective.' Peter Baker, senior coffee scientist, CABI Commodities 'Ponte and Daviron bring fresh insights to the persistent difficulties of trade as a lever of development for poor nations. Their well-crafted and historically grounded arguments precisely characterize the important intangible attributes of value and market power that are often overlooked and offer some stimulating perspectives for anyone interested in development and in coffee.' Daniele Giovannucci, consultant and author of The State of Sustainable Coffee 'The Coffee Paradox offers a fascinating account of how our favourite morning cup of coffee travels from poor producer regions in the Global South to relatively affluent consumer regions in the Global North. Analyzing recent transformations in coffee quality specifications and global trade networks, Daviron and Ponte illuminate the challenges and opportunities inherent in tropical export production, global trade, and shifting consumption trends. The book is theoretically sophisticated, empirically grounded, and goes the extra mile to identify promising pathways for fuelling development.' Laura T. Raynolds, co-director of the Center for Fair and Alternative Trade Studies, Colorado State University 'Aimed at academics and researchers, the Coffee Paradox raises interesting questions, using the example of coffee to explore a complex, but important subject.' New Agriculturist '....is an intriguing study..is likely to make an important contribution to the research, debates and initiatives addressing the relationship between commodity trade and development, as well as to the future potential of more equitable North/South relations amidst the rapid changes in production, trade and consumption in the global economy.' Douglas L. Murray, Colorado State University 'Recasts the so-called coffee paradox - the coexistence of a 'coffee boom' in consuming countries and of a 'coffee crisis' in producing countries. While coffee bar chains have expanded rapidly in consuming countries international coffee prices have fallen dramatically and producers receive the lowest prices in decades.' Development Action, Nov/Dec 2005Table of Contents Preface 1. Commodity Trade, Development and Global Value Chains 2. What's in a Cup? Coffee from Bean to Brew 3. Who Calls the Shots? Regulation and Governance 4. Is this any Good? Material and Symbolic Production of Coffee Quality 5. For Whose Benefit? 'Sustainable' Coffee Initiatives 6. Value Chains or Values Changed? 7. A Way Forward

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Book SynopsisDespite the rhetoric, the people of Sub-Saharan Africa are become poorer. From Tony Blair's Africa Commission and the Make Poverty History campaign to the Hong Kong WTO meeting, Africa's gains have been mainly limited to public relations. The central problems remain exploitative debt and financial relationships with the North, phantom aid, unfair trade, distorted investment and the continent's brain/skills drain. Moreover, capitalism in most African countries has witnessed the emergence of excessively powerful ruling elites with incomes derived from financial-parasitical accumulation. Without overstressing the 'mistakes' of such elites, this book contextualises Africa's wealth outflow within a stagnant but volatile world economy.Trade Review'Patrick Bond's book provides a solid theoretical, empirical, and analytical framework showing and proving that the processes of looting the African continent, which started with the slave trade, have continued to this day'. Professor Issa Shivji, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 'A brilliant analysis and timely expose of the rapacious forces ranged against Africans today.' John Pilger ‘An important contribution to the political analysis of the continent, as viewed on the inside.' ComAfrica, Brazil 'This is a sophisticated book for a non-specialist audience, filled with rage at the self-serving drivel that passes for analysis of Africa in the mainstream and the deaths it is responsible for.' Ken Olende, Socialist ReviewTable of Contents List of Figures, List of Tables Preface and Acknowledgements 1. Poor Africa: Two Views 2. Global Uneven and Combined Development: Neoliberalism, Stagnation, Financial Viability 3. Financial Inflows and Outflows: Phantom Aid, Debt Peonage Capital Flight 4. Unequal Exchange Revisited: Trade, Investment, Wealth Depletion 5. Global Apartheid's African Agents: Homegrown Neoliberalism, Repression, Failed Reform 6. Militarism and Looming Subimperialism in Africa - Washington, London, Pretoria 7. Civil Society Resistance: Two Views Notes Index

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Book SynopsisThe contributors to this volume consider the consequences of Eastern enlargement of the EU for trade and investment in Europe, paying particular attention to the impact of removing technical barriers to trade, the key remaining constraint upon trade flows.The principal impact of enlargement on trade and investment flows will be through access to the Single Market and the removal of non-tariff barriers. Such barriers arise from differences in the way that products are regulated across countries. This volume contains contributions which assess the significance of technical barriers to trade and the potential impact of their removal, based upon detailed analysis of actual trade flows and the results of firm surveys in four Central and Eastern European countries.Enlargement, Trade and Investment is recommended to researchers in the field of international trade and those interested in the issue of the economic impact of enlargement. Scholars teaching about the European Union will also find this volume of great value.Trade Review'This is a wide-ranging and informative book focused on issues associated with the enlargement of the EU. The volume contains a good mix of country-specific chapters and chapters devoted to topics that transcend individual countries.' -- Thomas Brewer, Georgetown University, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. Enlargement, Trade and Investment: A Review of Economic Impacts 3. Transition without Accession: The Effects of Differential Integration on Trade and Welfare in Europe 4. Trade Structures, Quality Differentiation and Technical Barriers in CEEC-EU Trade 5. Technical Barriers to Trade and the Exports of Central and Eastern European Countries to the EU: An Overview 6. The Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade on Bulgaria’s Exports to the EU and to the CEFTA Countries 7. Technical Barriers to Trade: Hungarian Exports to the European Union 8. The Perception of Technical Barriers to Trade of Manufacturing Enterprises in Poland 9. The Process of Technical Harmonization with the European Union from the Perspective of Slovak Firms Index

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Book SynopsisAt no period since the creation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank and World Trade Organisation (WTO) has it been a more opportune time to examine the work, reform and future of the international monetary and trading systems. In this comprehensive examination, the authors provide original, independent assessments of these institutions from both an American and European perspective and offer proposals for reform and improvement. The seemingly endless problems encountered by the IMF, WTO and World Bank provide major reasons for seeking reform. However, an additional impetus is the changing balance of economic power in the world. The volume begins with an overview of the Bretton Woods and international trading systems. Following this are discrete, in-depth discussions of the three institutions from American and European points of view. The authors emphasise the need for making the IMF and World Bank more regional in structure and, like the European Bank, more frugal in the lifestyles of their officials. Similarly, they call for a narrower focus in the mission of the World Bank and the IMF. In the case of the WTO, they call for a democratic reform of the organisation comprising participation by experts and, above all, better representation and support for Third World countries. Scholars and students of political economy, as well as those interested in the history and reform of international institutions, will find this an enlightening and necessary addition to their library.Trade Review'Peter Coffey and Robert J. Riley, in Reform of the International Institutions, offer positive proposals for change in the sweeping horizon of economic institutions including the WTO. Their book also includes documents that help with research on the topic.' -- Richard Fulton, ChoiceTable of ContentsContents: Preface: The Reasons for Writing this Book Part I: The Background to the Bretton Woods System and the International Trading System 1. The Background to and the Creation of the Original Bretton Woods System Part II: The IMF, the World Bank and the WTO: An Independent European Assessment 2. The International Monetary Fund 3. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development: The World Bank 4. The World Trade Organisation Part III: The World Bank, the IMF and the WTO: An Independent American Assessment 5. The World Bank 6. The IMF 7. The World Trade Organisation 8. Conclusions: The Future Appendices Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe Open Economy and its Financial Constraints explores the role of money and finance in an open economy. The existence of money and global financial flows compound the likelihood of financial constraints, in particular, financial vulnerability, financial exclusion and financial fragility, and create the possibility of unemployment. Penelope Hawkins focuses on financial openness and contends that while vulnerable economies can benefit from long-term international capital, greater financial exposure makes them increasingly susceptible to the crises associated with financial withdrawals. The author explores in detail the experiences of South Africa, Brazil and Thailand and finds that the consequences of financial liberalisation remain uncertain. She examines the rationale behind the distribution of credit within and between countries, and goes on to construct a financial vulnerability index as an empirical mechanism to rank nations according to their vulnerability to the withdrawal of international financial flows. This book offers an innovative conceptual approach to constraints in economic theory which will appeal to students and scholars of financial economics, particularly those who embrace non-orthodox monetary theory. It will also prove an enlightening read for development economists who can draw important lessons from the book's examination of the consequences of financial liberalisation.Trade Review'This book is very insightful and informative.' -- Tae-Hee Jo, Oeconomicus'This book is an important contribution to how we understand economic openness. Penelope Hawkins focuses our attention on how financial vulnerability has real consequences for economies in the international arena as well as for sub-national economies. The detailed conceptual and theoretical treatment of financial vulnerability is enhanced by the construction of an index for measuring vulnerability, and by a series of case studies.' -- Sheila C. Dow, University of Stirling, UK'Economists are used to thinking of constraints on expenditure or activity in developing economies as both "real" and well defined and binding. Penelope Hawkins takes a hard look at financial constraints on the small open economy. She portrays these constraints not only as fuzzy in outline but also liable to sudden shifts, often becoming binding at the worst possible time. Despite their ambiguity she finds ingenious ways to measure and analyse them. Her book is a valuable contribution to the comparatively new concern with the role of finance in economic development.' -- Victoria Chick, University College London, UKTable of ContentsContents: Introduction 1. Constraints and Economic Theory 2. Money, Liquidity Preference and Banks 3. Banks’ Liquidity Preference and Financial States of Constraint 4. Liquidity Preference and Capital Flows in an Open Economy 5. Financial Vulnerability and the Open Economy 6. Three Vulnerable Economies: Thailand, Brazil and South Africa 7. Financial Constraints on Economic Activity and Employment in South Africa 8. International Liquidity Preference and Vulnerable Economies 9. Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis book questions what enduring lessons have been learnt about the interdependence of international trade and economic development during the last 50 years. Since the end of the Cold War and the advent of the WTO, developing countries have been forced to face the choice of whether, and to what extent, to integrate economically with the rest of the world. The key issue of international political economy is emphasized.The authors argue that while integration through trade has become increasingly necessary for successful development, it rapidly encounters a series of problems that remain to be resolved. These range from increasing inequality and instability, the vagaries of WTO rules, persistent agricultural protection in developed countries, through to inadequate finance and new waves of technological innovation. Underlying all these concerns, however, is the deeper question of how much the developing countries can influence the setting of the rules of the international system.Trade and Development examines all the major topics in the area of trade and development, along with proposals for new directions for UNCTAD. The book will be of great interest to academics, researchers, NGOs and policymakers involved in international and development economics.Trade Review'The essays are of high quality and full of interesting details, which is not a surprise given the distinguished group of scholars that contributed. . . this is an impressive collection of essays that adds significantly to the discussion of policies for developing countries in the context of globalization. I would strongly recommend it to academics and students interested in development, as well as policymakers in developing countries.' -- Ricardo A. LOpez, Journal of International DevelopmentTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. The Historical Conflict of Socialism and Capitalism, and the Post-Socialist Transformation 3. Globalization and Development Strategies 4. Trade Policy as Development Policy: Building on Fifty Years’ Experience 5. Industrialization under New WTO Law 6. Technological Change and Opportunities for Development as a Moving Target 7. Financing for Development: Current Trends and Issues for the Future 8. Agricultural Trade Barriers, Trade Negotiations and the Interests of Developing Countries 9. Economic Dependence on Commodities 10. Income Distribution and Development 11. Order, the Rule of Law and Moral Norms 12. Regional Cooperation in a Changing Global Environment: Success and Failure of East Asia 12. Economic Governance Institutions in a Global Political Economy: Implications for Developing Countries Index

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Book SynopsisThe integration process of 'The Common Market of the South' (MERCOSUR) has been characterized by serious economic turbulence, including the devaluation of the Brazilian currency and the severe Argentinean monetary crisis. As a response to these difficulties, the adoption of monetary union has emerged as one possible solution to the financial uncertainty which has plagued this region.Whereas some believe MERCOSUR should become a free trade area, others are convinced that nothing less than full monetary union can bring stability to the region and ease the financial fragility of the member countries. This book discusses the future of MERCOSUR, focusing on monetary union and macroeconomic policy co-ordination, and addresses a number of important questions including: is it possible, or even desirable, to achieve monetary integration? what would the pre-conditions be for establishing such a union? what would the convergence criteria be for joining the monetary union? what are the expected economic consequences for the member countries? These questions are all addressed with particular reference to the experience of EMU and the lessons which can be learnt by MERCOSUR countries, in terms of the difficult transitions they may have to face.The book brings together a host of distinguished British, Argentinean and Brazilian economists to elucidate the critical policy issues surrounding the merits of monetary union in South America. Financial economists, international monetary economists, international relations experts, academics and practitioners interested in the issues surrounding economic and monetary union will all value the perceptive insights found in this volume.Table of ContentsContents: Introduction Part I: Lessons from the Euro and EMU for MERCOSUR 1. Learning From, and About, EMU – A UK View 2. The Euro and the EMU: Lessons for MERCOSUR Part II: MERCOSUR Macroeconomic Policy Co-ordination 3. MERCOSUR: Why Does Monetary Union Make Sense in the Long Term? 4. Macroeconomic Coordination in MERCOSUR – A Sceptical View 5. Monetary and Exchange Rate Arrangements: A Puzzle to be Solved Among Major MERCOSUR Countries 6. Some Issues on the Financial/Monetary Integration of MERCOSUR Part III: Exchange Rate Regimes and Monetary Dilemmas for MERCOSUR 7. Financial Opening, Instability and Macroeconomic Performance in Latin America During the 1990s: Some Possible Perverse Links 8. Monetary Dilemmas: Argentina in MERCOSUR Index

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Book SynopsisIn this book, Tran Van Hoa reveals how competition policy and competitiveness are essential for contemporary economic, financial and trade management as well as national and international governance. Containing new in-depth studies of these issues and their development, the book focuses on major Asian economies encountering increasing globalisation and the prevailing influence of the WTO. In major Asian economies, competition policy, while being important for trade, development and growth, is nascent. Competition Policy and Global Competitiveness in Major Asian Economies surveys the fundamentals of competition policy and investigates how, in practice, it has been developed in major economies in the Asian region. It also contains previous lessons and experiences in the formulation and implementation of competition policy and the pitfalls that may be avoided in similar future developments. Suggesting solutions in economic development and policy reform for Asian economies in the face of increasing globalisation and WTO membership requirements, this important book will be of enormous interest to economic policymakers and advisers, academics, government officials, business executives and tertiary students.Trade Review'It is a very thorough and useful volume on competition policy in Asia with emphasis on regional and international institutions and market processes. At the level of the WTO, APEC, ASEAN, UNCTAD, and with regard to various Asian economies, its analytical framework and case studies are well coordinated so that the reader gains an up-to-date knowledge of competition law and policy.' -- Roy E. Allen, Saint Mary's College, California, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. Competition Policy and Global Competitiveness in Major Asian Economies: An Overview 2. Competition Policy and Global Competitiveness: Theory and Practice 3. Competition Policy in APEC, ASEAN and the WTO 4. Competition Law in APEC Economies and in Vietnam 5. Competition Policy and SMEs in Asian Transition Economies: The Experience of China 6. Korea’s Competition Policy and Its Applications to Other Asian Economies 7. Thailand’s Global Competitiveness: Some Indicators 8. Anti-trust Law and Competition Policy in Vietnam: Macroeconomic Perspective 9. Competition and SMEs in Vietnam 10. Australian Competition Law: Experience and Lessons for Drafting Competition Law 11. Competition Policy, Global Competitiveness and Trade and Business Development in Asian Economies: The Future and Prospects Index

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Book SynopsisSince the 1940s, development thinking has been the subject of fierce debate and continual evolution. The authors of this book trace the ideas that have driven changing approaches to development, focusing also on the Prebisch-Singer Thesis, which seeks to explain the widening gaps between rich and poor nations, caused by unequal distribution of trade benefits. They discuss both aid during and after the cold war, and the rise and subsequent liberalisation crisis of the Asian 'Tiger Economies'.The Economic North-South Divide goes on to explore the structural roots of the debt crisis and considers the impact of debt management on North-South economic relations, exposing certain double standards that tilt global markets further against the South. Encouraged by recent successful opposition to neoliberalism, the authors finally propose ideas for a world where people seem to matter. This book is a welcome addition to the debate and will appeal to anyone interested in economic development and history.Trade Review'This is a distinguished book written by two distinguished analysts of, and commentators on, the outcomes and processes that have dominated the evolution of the global economic order over the last sixty years.' -- S. Subramanian, Journal of Social and Economic Development'What Raffer and Singer chose to do, they have done very well indeed.' -- Saud Choudhry, Development Policy ReviewTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Six Decades of Economic and Social Development Policies 2. Beyond Terms of Trade: Convergence, Divergence, and (Un)Creative Destruction 3. The Evolution of Development Thinking 4. The Neoliberal Tide of the ‘Washington Consensus’ 5. Aid to Development and the Bipolar World 6. ODA after the Cold War: Less Money at Tougher Conditions 7. Lomé: Reflecting North–South Relations since Colonial Times 8. Oil: Temporarily a Special Case 9. The Asian Tigers: What do they Prove? 10. The Debt Crisis: Historical Roots and ‘Debt Management’ During the 1980s 11. Too Little, Too Slowly: Dragging the Debt Problem into the Third Millennium 12. The WTO – Tilting Trade Rules Further Against the South 13. Textiles and Apparel: Double Standards of Adjustment and Transition 14. Towards a More Equal World Order Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe twin processes of integration and fragmentation have been the distinguishing features of contemporary globalization. Nowhere is this more strikingly evident than in the Asia Pacific. This first volume of a two-volume study concentrates on the geopolitical and economic transformation of Asia Pacific. It focuses on the complex relationship between the decline of ideological bipolarity, the rapid industrialization of East Asia and the tensions generated by the shifting balance of regional and global economic interests.Particular attention is devoted to the three major powers (the United States, China and Japan) and to a number of small and middle powers in particular Indonesia, Malaysia, South Korea, Australia and Canada. Underpinning the entire analysis is the complex interplay of geopolitics, economy and culture.States, Markets and Civil Society in Asia Pacific is essential reading for scholars and researchers of Asia Pacific politics and economy. The coherent analysis will also ensure the books appeal to those in NGOs and government agencies affected by, or working in, the region.Trade Review'. . . this book is a major contribution to the literature on the broadly conceived Asia-Pacific region and will, as they say, be an invaluable resource for scholars and students alike.' -- Mark Beeson, Labour and Industry'With thorough research, well-articulated analyses and sophisticated discussion of conceptions, this book is not only an excellent reference but also a source of stimulative ideas for researchers.' -- Jian Yang, New Zealand International Review'. . . this is indeed an outstanding book which ought to be read by all who are interested in the political economy of the Asia Pacific region. I look forward to Camilleri's second volume on the development of multilateral approaches to economics and security co-operation in Asia Pacific.' -- Peng Er Lam, Asia Pacific Journal of Management'His analyses of how such security complexes, in leading to the collective identity formation within multilateralist efforts in the region, will no doubt contribute to making the second volume of this study equally well worth reading.' -- Stuart Harris, Pacifica Review'. . . Camilleri's book . . . will work well as an undergraduate text . . . It might also be of interest to academics not immediately familiar with how the region's economy relates to geopolitics as a secondary reference text.' -- Alexius A. Pereira, Asia Pacific Business Review'The book will serve as a comprehensive, sophisticated and well-researched guide to the Pacific Rim's most recent past, worth reading. . . Recommended for public, academic (upper-division undergraduate and up), and professional library collections.' -- R.P. Gardella, Choice'Once again Joseph Camilleri has written a major work. Drawing on a vast literature, he has compiled a coherent whole out of the innumerable pieces of the vast puzzle that is the Asia Pacific. Conceiving of the area as three regional subsystems, his analysis is an impressive blend of historical, conceptual, and empirical materials that focus on the interplay of geopolitics and geoeconomics in a major part of the world that will substantially shape the course of world affairs in the decades ahead. Camilleri brings a keen understanding of the dynamics of change, democratization, and civil society to bear on both the varieties and uniformities to be found in the Asia-Pacific at the outset of a new century.' -- James N. Rosenau, The George Washington University, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Geopolitical Change: From the Nixon Doctrine to the End of the Cold War 2. East Asia’s Economic Transformation 3. From Hegemony to Competitive Interdependence 4. Periphery and Semi-Periphery: In Search of a New Equilibrium 5. State, Economy and Civil Society 6. Concluding Reflections Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe processes of globalisation and increased economic regionalism have had profound, often destabilising, effects on modern economic and financial systems. In recognition of this fact, the editors of this fine book have collected together a diverse range of heterodox ideas surrounding the complex relationships and interactions between globalisation, regionalism and economic activity.The book promotes real-world economic issues and explores them without adopting any particular methodological, ideological or theoretical agenda. A number of influential economists explore the inter-relationships between globalisation, regionalism, finance, economic growth and development from a global perspective. Amongst other topics, the book includes comprehensive discussions on fixed versus flexible exchange rates; international liquidity; the WTO dispute settlement system; the eastward expansion of the European Union; crowding-out in export led growth; demand and supply in the New Economy; the national origin of financial liberalisation in the US; and the relationship between savings and investment. The range and depth of analysis makes this book a timely and useful contribution to current policy debates. Academics, students and scholars with an interest in globalisation, international economics and macroeconomics will do well to read this eclectic and stimulating volume.Table of ContentsContents: Introduction 1. Capital Account Liberalisation, Free Long-Term Capital Flows, Financial Crises and Economic Development 2. Fixed vs. Flexible Exchange Rates, Economic Growth and International Liquidity 3. Globalization, Distributional Conflict and Inflation: The Case of the US Economy During the 1990s 4. How Well is the WTO Dispute Settlement System Working? 5. A Fully Coherent Post Keynesian Model of the Euro Zone 6. Finance–Industry Relationships in Europe and the Prospects for Growth and Convergence 7. Eastward Expansion of the European Union – Nominal and Real Convergence Examined 8. Export-led Growth: Evidence of Developing Country Crowding Out 9. Demand and Supply in the New Economy 10. The National Origin of Financial Liberalization: The Case of the United States 11. Saving is the Accounting Record of Investment 12. Globalization, Regionalism and State Capacity in Developing Countries: A Note Index

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Book SynopsisThe diffusion of work processes across countries through foreign direct investment and technological collaborations is an increasingly important practice in today's global economy. Ayse Saka explores this process both by focusing on the role of actors in appropriating different ways of operating and by examining the effects of the institutional environment in the host country. The author uses the example of Japanese firms operating in the UK to explore how the diffusion of work systems occurs in practice. She finds that institutional, organisational and group characteristics, have great influence on the degree to which Japanese work systems are put to practice and accepted by UK adopter companies. The degree to which alternative work systems are accepted depends in part on the flexibility of the institutional setting and on social patterns of interaction in organisations.This unique and original book will appeal to a wide-ranging audience, including researchers, lecturers and scholars specialising in management studies in human resource management, industrial relations, organisational behaviour and international operations management. Cross-National Appropriation of Work Systems will also be invaluable to management practitioners and policymakers.Trade Review'I would . . . recommend this study in a . . . general way, beyond the specific topic and its disciplinary ambit, for the combination of methodological rigour with qualitative sensitivity in interviewing and analysis. This shows what theoretically meaningful research in the more qualitative veneer, beyond genuflections towards Ragin or Eisenstadt, looks like.' -- From the preface by Arndt SorgeTable of ContentsContents: Preface by Arndt Sorge Part I: Theoretical Background Introduction 1. Work Systems Diffusion: Neo-institutional Perspectives 2. The Double Embeddedness Barrier Part II: Some Empirical Evidence 3. Research Methodology 4. Appropriation of Japanese Work Systems in the UK: Illustrations from the Automotive Industry 5. Conclusions, Implications and Limitation Appendices References Index

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Book SynopsisThe contributors to this book, from the US and Japan, explore the main issues involved in the international trade, foreign direct investment, and macro/financial relations of the United States and Japan and provide guidance to policymakers for measures to help overcome Japan's economic stagnation since the early 1990s.The book is divided into three parts. Part I contains an empirical analysis of trade diversion under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), a theoretical analysis of time in determining the structure and effects of trade with an application to Japan, and an empirical analysis of Japan's changing import behavior. Part II is focused on foreign direct investment (FDI), trade, and the behavior and structure of Japanese firms. Part III deals with macro/financial issues of current interest and importance in Japan. The analytical focus of the chapters is intended to enhance the understanding of the issues addressed and to provide some guidance to policymakers in the design of measures that will improve economic efficiency and welfare and help to overcome the economic stagnation that Japan has experienced in the past decade or more.Economists, political scientists and policymakers will find the analysis provided in this volume invaluable in understanding the Japanese economy and economic relations between Japan and the United States.Table of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction and Overview Part I: Trade and Related Issues 2. Trade Diversion under NAFTA 3. Time and Trade: The Role of Time in Determining the Structure and Effects of International Trade, with an Application to Japan 4. An Analysis of Japan’s Changing Import Behavior Part II: Foreign Direct Investment, Trade, and the Behavior and Structure of Japanese Firms 5. Sources of Variation in the Productivity of Japanese Manufacturers 6. Foreign Direct Investment in Japan: Empirical Analysis Based on the Establishment and Enterprise Census 7. Exports and Foreign Direct Investment Accelerate Corporate Reforms: Evidence from Japanese Micro Data Part III: Macro/Financial Issues 8. Prospective Japanese Economic Recovery: Perspectives from European Economic Recovery in the 1930s 9. Japan’s Lost Decade and Weaknesses in Its Corporate Governance Structure 10. Zero-Interest-Rate Policy, the Forward-Rate Curve, and Policy-Duration Effect 11. Demographic Changes and Their Implications for Japanese Household Savings 12. Restoring Full Employment in Japan: Domestic and International Policy Considerations Index

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Book SynopsisA feature of the global economy over the last half-century has been the proliferation of regional trading arrangements (RTAs) and the ongoing debate over the relationship between regionalism and multilateralism. The economic analysis of regionalism has increasingly come to focus on fundamental elements of international economics.The economic analysis of RTAs evolved substantially following Viner's key insight, which highlighted the possibility of trade diversion. During the 1980s and 1990s the analysis broadened to include trade-related issues and other areas. The debate currently thrives as the European Union expands eastwards, the USA looks to strengthen hemispheric relations, and East Asian countries consider regional arrangements more seriously after the 1997 regional crisis.This volume is a careful selection of the major contributions to the economic analysis of RTAs. It will be a valuable reference source for students, policymakers and academics.Table of ContentsContents: Acknowledgements Introduction Richard Pomfret PART I VINERIAN CUSTOMS UNION THEORY 1. Jacob Viner (1950), ‘The Economics of Customs Unions’ 2. R.G. Lipsey (1960), ‘The Theory of Customs Unions: A General Survey’ 3. Harry G. Johnson (1960), ‘The Economic Theory of Customs Union’ 4. C.A. Cooper and B.F. Massell (1965), ‘A New Look at Customs Union Theory’ PART II OUTSIDE THE MAINSTREAM 5. Murray C. Kemp and Henry Y. Wan, Jr. (1976), ‘An Elementary Proposition Concerning the Formation of Customs Unions’ 6. Eitan Berglas (1979), ‘Preferential Trading Theory: The n Commodity Case’ 7. Paul Wonnacott and Ronald Wonnacott (1981), ‘Is Unilateral Tariff Reduction Preferable to a Customs Union? The Curious Case of the Missing Foreign Tariffs’ PART III EXTENSIONS A Terms of Trade 8. Robert A. Mundell (1964), ‘Tariff Preferences and the Terms of Trade’ 9. Richard Blackhurst (1972), ‘General Versus Preferential Tariff Reduction for LDC Exports: An Analysis of the Welfare Effects’ 10. Richard Pomfret (1986), ‘The Theory of Preferential Trading Arrangements’ B Scale Economies 11. W.M. Corden (1972), ‘Economies of Scale and Customs Union Theory’ C Technical Efficiency 12. Richard E. Baldwin (1992), ‘Measurable Dynamic Gains from Trade’ PART IV THE NEW REGIONALISM 13. David Cox and Richard Harris (1985), ‘Trade Liberalization and Industrial Organization: Some Estimates for Canada’ 14. Alasdair Smith and Anthony J. Venables (1988), ‘Completing the Internal Market in the European Community: Some Industry Simulations’ 15. Anne O. Krueger (1999), ‘Free Trade Agreements as Protectionist Devices: Rules of Origin’ 16. L. Alan Winters (1999), ‘Regionalism vs. Multilateralism’ 17. Arvind Panagariya (2000), ‘Preferential Trade Liberalization: The Traditional Theory and New Developments’ PART V POLITICAL ECONOMY AND TIME INCONSISTENCY 18. Wilfred J. Ethier (1998), ‘Regionalism in a Multilateral World’ 19. Philip I. Levy (1997), ‘A Political-Economic Analysis of Free-Trade Agreements’ 20. Kyle Bagwell and Robert W. Staiger (1997), ‘Multilateral Tariff Cooperation During the Formation of Customs Unions’ PART VI THE OPTIMAL NUMBER OF BLOCS AND OPTIMAL SIZE OF NATIONS A Optimal Number of Blocs 21. Paul R. Krugman (1991), ‘Is Bilateralism Bad?’ 22. Lawrence H. Summers (1991), ‘Regionalism and the World Trading System’ B Optimal Size of Nations 23. Alberto Alesina, Enrico Spolaore and Romain Wacziarg (2000), ‘Economic Integration and Political Disintegration’ 24. Dani Rodrik (2000), ‘How Far Will International Economic Integration Go?’ C Home Bias 25. John McCallum (1995), ‘National Borders Matter: Canada-U.S. Regional Trade Patterns’ 26. John F. Helliwell (1996), ‘Do National Borders Matter for Quebec’s Trade?’ 27. Charles Engel and John H. Rogers (1996), ‘How Wide is the Border?’ D Regionalization and Sub-Regional Zones 28. Detlef Lorenz (1991), ‘Regionalisation versus Regionalism – Problems of Change in the World Economy’ 29. Richard Pomfret (1996), ‘Sub-regional Economic Zones’ Name Index

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Book SynopsisThe Economics and Ideology of Free Trade makes an important contribution to the debate on globalization by providing much needed intellectual and historical perspective on the issue of Free Trade versus Protection.The book does so by reviewing and integrating doctrinal history and past policy debates. Firstly the book deals with the doctrinal evolution of the economics of free trade from the mercantilists onwards (including the reaction against classical economics by Friedrich List and the American national economists). It then goes on to critically examine the debates, policies and events that mark over two centuries of fierce but intellectually stimulating controversy over free trade and protection (including the debate on the Corn Laws, the British Tariff Reform Controversy 1903, and Keynes on Protection).In this stimulating and highly informative volume, the author summarizes and encapsulates a vast amount of material in a singularly economical and succinct manner that will appeal to academics and students interested in the history of economic thought, international economics, economic history and also international relations.Trade Review'A very good book. The writing is clear and concise and it covers a remarkable range of literature in a highly readable style; it offers an excellent introduction to the history of trade policy. In the current economic climate, where free trade ideology is the ascendant, the book may serve to remind economists that, even though there are good reasons for free trade, the case for protection needs to be taken very seriously.' -- Roger E. Backhouse, Journal of the History of Economic Thought'An outstanding feature of Gomes' book is its skillful blending of trade theory, trade policy, the politics and ideology of free trade, the economic events that shaped them, and the forces leading to or away from globalisation in various epochs. It is rare to come across an author who is conservant with so many different facets of the history of trade theory and policy. His book can be recommended. . .' -- Andrea Maneschi, The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought'Gomes deserves praise for an excellent presentation and assessment of a large body of economic literature, and for incisive observations regarding history of thought and events.' -- Lawrence H. Officer, EH.Net'Leonard Gomes has written a masterful account of the history of the concept of free trade, its underpinnings in economic theory, the controversial implementation of free trade policies in the past two centuries. A distinctive feature of this book is its encompassing perspective on the history, economics, politics and ideology of free trade. Gomes examines how the economics of free trade was interpreted by the mercantilists, the classical and neoclassical economists, and the present-day "new trade theorists". After tracing the evolution of commercial policy through successive eras of freer trade and backlashes against it, Gomes concludes with a thoughtful analysis of the current meaning, benefits and costs of globalization. This readable and scholarly book is an ideal supplementary text for any course in trade theory.' -- Andrea Maneschi, Vanderbilt University, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface Part I: Free Trade: The Economics 1. Regulated Trade – Our Mercantilist Heritage 2. Classical Trade Theory 3. Free Trade and the National Economists 4. The Economics of Trade and Protection in the Age of Marshall 5. Trade and General Equilibrium Part II: Free Trade: Rhetoric, Events, Policies and Ideology 6. The Economists, the Corn Laws and Commercial Policy 7. The British Tariff Reform Debate, 1903 8. The First Era of Globalization and After 1860–1960 9. Reflections on Globalization Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisEMU is a completely new policy regime which has significant economic implications and which, it is hoped, will ultimately enhance the role of Europe on the world stage. EMU and Economic Policy in Europe takes stock of the initial experiences of EMU and assesses the challenges which will have to be addressed in the early years of its existence to ensure its long-term objectives are successfully achieved.Bringing together leading scholars and policymakers, the book considers some of the most pertinent and significant issues surrounding the euro from a variety of different perspectives. These include the behaviour of monetary and fiscal authorities, the implications for policy co-ordination, the impact of the euro on financial markets and the consequences of EU enlargement.The distinguished array of authors have produced a comprehensive and balanced assessment of the initial economic and policy challenges facing EMU. European policymakers, financial economists and anyone with an interest in the process of European integration will benefit from reading this accomplished book.Trade Review'All the economists who have contributed to this volume are both distinguished scholars and active participants in the policy debate. Over the years, they have greatly helped policymakers, at the national and Union levels, to identify and understand the difficult policy choices involved in the running of EMU. I am grateful for their contribution to the success of the euro.' -- From the foreword by Pedro SolbesTable of ContentsContents: Foreword by Commissioner Pedro Solbes PART I: OVERVIEW 1. EMU in the Early Years: Differences and Credibility Marco Buti and André Sapir PART II: MONETARY POLICY 2. Monetary Policy in the Early Years of EMU Jordi Galí 3. The ECB’s Monetary Policy Strategy: Responding to the Challenges of the Early Years of EMU Vítor Gaspar, Klaus Masuch and Huw Pill 4. Monetary Policy Transmission in EMU Massimo Suardi PART III: FISCAL POLICY 5. Fiscal Policy and EMU: Challenges of the Early Years Antonio Fatás and Ilian Mihov 6. Fiscal Policy in the Early Years of EMU Anne Brunila and Carlos Martinez-Mongay PART IV: POLICY COORDINATION 7. The Functioning of Economic Policy Coordination Jürgen von Hagen and Susanne Mundschenk 8. Economic Policy Coordination in EMU: Accomplishments and Challenges Servaas Deroose and Sven Langedijk 9. The EMU’s Economic Policy Principles: Words and Facts Jean Pisani-Ferry PART V: LABOUR MARKETS 10. EMU Labour Markets Two Years On: Microeconomic Tensions and Institutional Evolution Giuseppe Bertola and Tito Boeri 11. Wage Discipline in EMU. A Feature of the Early Years. Only? Karl Pichelmann PART VI: FINANCIAL MARKETS AND THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM 12. EMU and Financial Market Structure Harry Huizinga 13. The Euro and the International Financial System Richard Portes 14. The Euro and the International Monetary System Johan Baras, Reinhard Felke and Daniel Daco PART VII: THE FUTURE OF EMU 15. EMU and Enlargement Barry Eichengreen and Fabio Ghironi 16. EMU – The First 10 Years: Challenges to the Sustainability and Price Stability of the Euro Area – What Does History Tell Us? Lars Jonung References Index

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Book SynopsisThe issue of electricity reform has been on the agenda in Europe for a decade and remains a high priority for policymakers looking to the future. However, the performances of new electricity markets are still not clear and arouse significant controversy. This book focuses on the diversity of electricity reforms in Western Europe, drawing evidence from ten European Union memberstates plus Norway and Switzerland as associate members. The contributors analyse the various ways of introducing competition in the European electricity industries, and consider both the strategies of electricity companies and their behaviour in electricity marketplaces. They also offer an explanation of the differences of reforms by the institutions and the industrial structures of each country which shape the types of marketrules, industrial restructuring and public service regulations which have been adopted.As a whole, this volume will attract scholars, PhD and post-graduate students, notably those interested in energy economics, comparative institutional economics and applied industrial economics. European and non-European energy companies or regulatory authorities looking for an independent and analytical overview of European electricity markets will also find this book of great interest.Trade Review'The collaborators for this book have provided a great service to those interested in this vital energy industry. . . readers with either a practical or academic interest in power sector reform will find this book timely and of great interest.' -- Robert Skinner, The Journal of Energy Literature'. . . an excellent overview of entrepreneurial and regulatory strategies in the European electricity industries. . .' -- Carsten Grave, European Competition Law Review'An excellent collection of papers examining alternative approaches to introducing competition into the electricity sectors of European countries. There is much to learn about how to improve the performance of electricity market liberalization in all countries from the studies in this volume.' -- Paul L. Joskow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USTable of ContentsContents: Introduction 1. The Making of Competitive Electricity Markets in Europe: No Single Way and No ‘Single Market’ Part I: The British and Scandinavian Pioneers 2. Electricity in England and Wales: Efficiency and Equity 3. Reforming the Reform in the Electricity Industry: Lessons from the British Experience 4. Strategic Pricing for Network Access: Evidence from Electricity Distribution in England and Wales 5. The Deregulated Electricity Markets in Norway and Sweden: A Tentative Assessment 6. The Nordic Public Ownership Model Under Transition to Market Economy: The Case of Electricity Part II: The Making of Electricity Markets in Western Central Europe 7. Competition and Market Power in Northern Europe 8. New Corporate Strategies in the German Electricity Supply Industry 9. The Implementation of the EU Directive for Electricity in Austria: A New Era for the Austrian Electricity Supply Industry 10. Opening the Swiss Electricity Market to Competition Part III: The Making of Electricity Markets in Southern Europe 11. Introducing Competition in the French Electricity Supply Industry: Erosion of the Public Hierarchy by the European Institutional Integration 12. Electricity Sector Restructuring in Belgium 13. Institutional and Organizational Reform in the Italian Electricity Supply Industry: Reconciling Competition with the Single Tariff 14. The Iberian Electricity Market: Towards a Common Market? Index

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Book SynopsisOn the Edge of the Global Economy contends that despite growing global economic integration, some nations continue to be disadvantaged by remoteness, low connectivity, a small-scale economy and low population density. The book concludes that these economies may nonetheless have significant potential, for example through offering an attractive natural environment, a pleasant climate, various types of niche production and customised services that can lure footloose firms and mobile workers.The contributors review the issues and assess the empirical evidence regarding the various opportunities and challenges facing small remote economies in the global economy. They find that locality and proximity still matter, but that the global economic configuration also offers new opportunities to peripheral nations. Expanding the literature on a somewhat neglected aspect of globalisation, this book will be of great interest to economists, geographers and other researchers specialising in globalisation and related topics. In addition, it will be very useful to policymakers in small remote economies.Trade Review'This book is a worthwhile read by regional scientists and those from related fields. The authors pay considerable attention to the changing world order given rapid changes in information technology and the resultant economic changes. They provide a timely look at how remote areas fit into this new world order and at the same time offer a contemporary perspective on traditional location theory.' -- James B. London, Journal of Regional Science'On the Edge of the Global Economy addresses the long-standing and significant issue of the experience of peripheral locations in an era of information and the Internet. . . The volume addresses important questions about the meaning of place and space at a time when telecommunications can greatly diminish some of the friction of distance.' -- Mark Wilson, Growth & Change'Seldom has an edited collection grasped my attention or kept my blood pressure under control as this volume. It brings together an eminent group of contributors whose thoughtful and worldly essays speak eloquently and thought provokingly about spatial economic development at the margins of the global economy. This is an important, but under researched topic. The book's essays explore why some nations or regions with some combination of small populations, poor resources, geographical isolation or sparse settlement have succeeded in a globalising world, while others have languished or worse.' -- Tony Sorensen, Urban Studies'The excellent book takes up the problem of remoteness and scale of peripheral locations in the globalizing world economy. It contains a number of contributions dealing with this issue and offers a variety of coping strategies and public policies in order to manage these locational disadvantages.' -- Paul Gans, Geographische RundschauTable of ContentsContents: Preface Part I: Location, Information and Transactions 1. Peripherality in the Global Economy 2. Locality Matters: Myths and Facts on the New Economy 3. Geography, Transaction Costs and Economic Performance Part II: Connectivity and Spatial Interaction 4. Physically Isolated Nations, Trade and ‘Small-World’ Network Connectivity 5. Geographical Proximity and Economic Performance of Nations 6. Core-Periphery Linkages and Income in Small Pacific Island Economies 7. The Impact of Scale and Remoteness on New Zealand’s Industrial Structure and Firm Performance 8. Currency Unions and Gravity Models Revisited 9. Australia–New Zealand Border Effects and Trans-Tasman Integration Part III: Strategies 10. Small States and Island States: Implications of Size, Location and Isolation for Prosperity 11. Getting on to the Map of the Global Economy: The Case of Finland 12. From the Periphery to the New Economy: Paths and Roadblocks for Resource Regions 13. Ireland’s Economic Renaissance: The Success of a ‘Peripheral’ Economy 14. The State of E-Commerce in New Zealand Index

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Book SynopsisGlobal economic progress in the twentieth century, while generally encouraging, was neither continuous nor uniform. With the exception of some Asian nations, countries that were more developed at the beginning of the twentieth century still rank amongst the wealthiest nations, while countries that were poorer, still lag behind. The distinguished authors in this volume address the fundamental causes for such heterogeneous international experiences, placing particular emphasis on the role of institutions.They demonstrate how the study of economic development is increasingly linked to the development of institutions, which allow for more complex exchanges to occur in markets and societies. Institutions can be understood as rules or constraints that channel individuals' actions in specific directions, and can be formal or informal depending on their genesis. The book highlights the connection between institutions and economic welfare by examining countries at different stages of development. Although the authors' study material effects, they also look at individual well-being which is more strongly influenced by the non-material products of institutions such as opportunity, freedom and relationships. They move on to highlight the role of institutions in global business, in terms of innovation, entrepreneurship and foreign direct investment. In the concluding chapters they focus on the actual process of transition from one institutional framework to another. Amongst other examples, they examine reforms to international financial institutions and constitutional adjustments in transition countries. This varied yet highly topical book will be invaluable to institutional and public-choice economists, students and researchers of the theory and policy of international business, and social and political scientists interested in the role and evolution of institutions.Trade Review'The book . . . throws lights on the relationship between various institutions, in particular between the market and the state. It is strongly argued that the establishment of law and order, and an effective guarantee of property rights, must precede the introduction of the price system; if done in reverse order, failure and injustice result. Without a doubt, readers, whatever their own particular standpoint, will be able to derive considerable benefit from this collection.' -- From the preface by Bruno Frey, University of Zurich, Switzerland and Netherlands Institute for Advanced StudiesTable of ContentsContents: Foreword 1. Perspectives on Global Institutional Change Part I: Institutions, Economic Growth and Individual Welfare 2. Competition of Political–Economic Systems and Ideological Neutrality as Conditions for Viable Economic Development 3. The Impact of the Electoral System and of Other Political Institutions on Public Debt and Government Finances in Italy 4. Institutions Matter for Procedural Utility: An Econometric Study of the Impact of Political Participation Possibilities 5. Institutional Design in Plural Societies: Mitigating Ethnic Conflict and Fostering Stable Democracy 6. Fiscal Federalism and the Stability and Growth Pact: A Difficult Union Part II: Institutions and Business Activity 7. The Changing Institutional Form of Innovation: From Exploiting Market Power to Developing Corporate Technological Capability 8. Institutions, Entrepreneurship, and Growth: Biomedicine and Polymers in Sweden and Ohio 9. Corporate Governance and Capital Markets in the Two Capitalisms 10. Political Orientation and Multinational Investment Flows into Italy Part III: Institutional Transition 11. The Glorious Revolution of 1688: Successful Constitutional and Institutional Adjustment in a Period of Rapid Change 12. The Politics of Poverty 13. The Role of International Monetary Institutions after the EMU and the Asian Crisis: Some Preliminary ideas using Constitutional Economics 14. On the Delegation of Powers – With Special Emphasis on Central and Eastern Europe Index

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Book SynopsisThis insightful collection examines the intersection between macroeconomics and finance. The key challenge in this area is to find the right measure of 'bad times' (the marginal value of wealth) to explain some assets' high average returns or low prices as compensation for those assets' tendency to pay off poorly in bad times.The volume includes a carefully chosen selection of articles that survey the various approaches to this question - including the equity premium, consumption based models, general equilibrium models and labour income/idiosyncratic risk approaches. The editor also provides a comprehensive introduction which sets these papers in context and surveys the broader literature.Table of ContentsContents: Acknowledgements Introduction John H. Cochrane PART I FACTS: TIME-VARIATION AND BUSINESS CYCLE CORRELATION OF RETURNS 1. John H. Cochrane (1999), ‘New Facts in Finance’ 2. Eugene F. Fama and Kenneth R. French (1989), ‘Business Conditions and Expected Returns on Stocks and Bonds’ 3. Martin Lettau and Sydney Ludvigson (2001), ‘Consumption, Aggregate Wealth, and Expected Stock Returns’ 4. Eugene F. Fama and Kenneth R. French (1996), ‘Multifactor Explanations of Asset Pricing Anomalies’ 5. Jimmy Liew and Maria Vassalou (2000), ‘Can Book-to-Market, Size and Momentum be Risk Factors that Predict Economic Growth?’ PART II EQUITY PREMIUM 6. Rajnish Mehra and Edward C. Prescott (1985), ‘The Equity Premium: A Puzzle’ 7. John H. Cochrane and Lars Peter Hansen (1992), ‘Asset Pricing Explorations for Macroeconomics’ PART III CONSUMPTION MODELS 8. Lars Peter Hansen and Kenneth J. Singleton (1982), ‘Generalized Instrumental Variables Estimation of Nonlinear Rational Expectations Models’ 9. Lars Peter Hansen and Kenneth J. Singleton (1984), ‘Errata’ 10. Martin Lettau and Sydney Ludvigson (2001), ‘Resurrecting the (C)CAPM: A Cross-Sectional Test When Risk Premia Are Time-Varying’ 11. John Y. Campbell and John H. Cochrane (1999), ‘By Force of Habit: A Consumption-Based Explanation of Aggregate Stock Market Behavior’ PART IV PRODUCTION, INVESTMENT AND GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS 12. John H. Cochrane (1991), ‘Production-Based Asset Pricing and the Link Between Stock Returns and Economic Fluctuations’ 13. John H. Cochrane (1996), ‘A Cross-Sectional Test of an Investment-Based Asset Pricing Model’ 14. Urban J. Jermann (1998), ‘Asset Pricing in Production Economies’ 15. Michele Boldrin, Lawrence J. Christiano and Jonas D.M. Fisher (2001), ‘Habit Persistence, Asset Returns, and the Business Cycle’ 16. Lior Menzly, Tano Santos and Pietro Veronesi (2004), ‘Understanding Predictability’ 17. Thomas D. Tallarini Jr. (2000), ‘Risk-Sensitive Real Business Cycles’ 18. Robert E. Hall (2001), ‘The Stock Market and Capital Accumulation’ PART V LABOR INCOME AND IDIOSYNCRATIC RISK 19. John Y. Campbell (1996), ‘Understanding Risk and Return’ 20. George M. Constantinides and Darrell Duffie (1996), ‘Asset Pricing with Heterogeneous Consumers’ 21. Alon Brav, George M. Constantinides and Christopher C. Geczy (2002), ‘Asset Pricing with Heterogeneous Consumers and Limited Participation: Empirical Evidence’ Name Index

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a critical overview and assessment of the WTO's dispute settlement procedures in the context of several recent trade-related disputes between the EU and the US.Case studies provide comprehensive insights into the contemporary regulation of international trade and workings of the WTO. Topics covered include: a critique of the GATT, WTO and NAFTA dispute settlement mechanisms agriculture in the light of Doha the CAP, beef hormones and GM food the banana dispute, the steel dispute and foreign trade corporations process and production method (PPM) issues and cases. The WTO and the Regulation of International Trade will be of interest to academics and researchers working in the areas of international economics and political economy as well as policymakers within the EU and the US.Trade Review'The book is an excellent introduction to understanding the principal trade disputes between the United States and EU over the last decade and a half.' -- International Trade Law and RegulationTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. The Political Economy of Protection and the Regulation of International Trade: Recent Trade Disputes between the EU and the United States 2. Trade Dispute Settlement Mechanisms: The WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding in the Wake of the GATT 3. Trade Dispute Settlement Mechanisms: The NAFTA versus the WTO 4. The CAP as a Catalyst for Trade Conflict Between the EU and the United States 5. The Challenge of the Agriculture Trade Negotiations in the WTO Doha Round 6. The ‘Banana Split’: The EU–US Banana Trade Dispute and the Effects of EU Market Liberalisation 7. The EU–US WTO Steel Dispute: The Political Economy of Protection and the Efficacy of the WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding 8. US Foreign Sales Corporations, Export Tax Credits and the WTO 9. Consumers, Cows and Carousels: Why the Dispute Over Beef Hormones is Far More Important than its Commercial Value 10. EU–US Trade in Genetically Modified Goods: A Trade Dispute in the Making 11. Process and Production Methods and the Regulation of International Trade 12. Critical Issues in WTO Dispute Settlement and Recent Trade Disputes between the EU and the United States: Some Conclusions Index

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Book SynopsisThis book is a synthesis of the author's ideas and research concerning the monetary consequences of trade flows, and the relevance of conventional balance of payments adjustment theory. These ideas are considered mainly in the context of developing countries, many of which suffer from deep structural difficulties and severe foreign exchange shortages.Mainstream economic theory regards the balance of payments to be self-adjusting, meaning that the impact of the balance of payments on the growth and development process is neither considered nor analysed. In contrast, the author emphasises the importance of integrating monetary considerations into trade theory and argues that the balance of payments consequences of trade policy need to be carefully addressed. This approach has a number of implications for important issues such as the sequencing of trade liberalisation; the role of the exchange rate in equilibrating the balance of payments; the case for protection; and the way in which the importance of export growth is articulated. Some of the ideas expressed have a long and distinguished ancestry, but they are not part of the mainstream orthodoxy and need airing in a world increasingly divided into rich and poor countries. The author also considers the case for a new international economic order which would better serve the needs of developing countries, particularly by stabilising primary product prices and controlling speculative capital flows.Trade and development economists, and policymakers concerned with economic growth and development, will appreciate the original and illuminating research in this book.Trade Review'This book is interesting and important beyond its modest size. . . it provides a useful overview of, and context for, Thirlwall's important contributions to the macroeconomics of economic growth and the role that the balance of payments plays in this process. . . Thirlwall's core lessons will leave the reader with a solid foundation for understanding the entrenched macroeconomic problems of our emerging world order.' -- Robert E. Prasch, Review of Political Economy'The book is an important addition to the current literature on balance-of-payments and exchange-rate policy in developing countries. It offers a view that is different from the standard approach and forces us to reconsider the conventional wisdom. Thirlwall builds on his rich past research and puts out a short and readable book that is very much needed not only in the classroom but also in the offices of policymakers and international institutions.' -- Mohammed Akacem, The Journal of Energy and DevelopmentTable of ContentsContents: Preface Introduction 1. Trade and Growth 2. Trade and the Balance of Payments 3. Exchange Rate Systems and Policy 4. What is Wrong with Balance of Payments Adjustment Theory? 5. A New International Economic Order Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive collection brings together major articles written by leading economists, political scientists and legal scholars to analyse the complexities of the modern global system of intellectual property rights (IPRs) and its relationship with the WTO. The papers selected consider the role of IPRs in the knowledge economy, itself a force for rapid globalisation. They first place IPRs into context as a trade issue and their controversial role within the WTO. Several articles analyse the ability of IPRs to encourage innovation and support markets, emphasising controversial problems in developing countries: special attention is given to the role of patents in biodiversity and essential medicines. Additional contributions provide important theoretical and empirical perspectives on the economics of IPRs in the global economy, including effects on trade, investment, innovation, growth, and technology policies. This authoritative volume will be an important source of reference for scholars and policymakers seeking to understand the development and trade impacts of intellectual property protection.Trade Review'The overall issues addressed in the compendium cover most relevant aspects and provide a stimulus for further investigation. Hence, the selection is excellent.' -- Alexander Cuntz, Science and Public Policy'More than any other part of the Uruguay Round (1986-94), the TRIPS Agreement took the GATT/WTO system - and the global economy - into new and uncharted waters. Both the negotiations leading to the Agreement and the controversies since the signing have stimulated economists, lawyers and other scholars to explore the many facets of the globalization of intellectual property rights. Professor Maskus has done a superb job of selecting from the extensive literature 21 articles covering the key issues (he also provides a very useful Introduction). The resulting comprehensive volume is certain to be a key reference work for anyone interested in intellectual property rights, the multilateral trading system, economic development, North/South relations, innovation and related fields.' -- Richard Blackhurst, Editor, World Trade Review and Director of Economic Research, GATT/WTO Secretariat, 1985-97, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Switzerland'This collection, edited by one of the leading scholars in the field, provides a broad-based introduction to the economic and legal issues raised by TRIPs and the accompanying globalization of intellectual property law. It ranges from accessible, policy-oriented essays to cutting edge technical papers. Scholars, students and policymakers with an interest in intellectual property issues should find the collection to be an invaluable reference.' -- Alan Sykes, University of Chicago, USTable of ContentsContents: Acknowledgements Introduction Keith E. Maskus PART I THE WTO AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 1. Carlos A. Primo Braga (1996), ‘Trade-related Intellectual Property Issues: The Uruguay Round Agreement and its Economic Implications’ 2. Arvind Panagariya (1999), ‘TRIPs and the WTO: An Uneasy Marriage’ 3. Keith E. Maskus (2002), ‘Regulatory Standards in the WTO: Comparing Intellectual Property Rights with Competition Policy, Environmental Protection, and Core Labor Standards’ 4. Susan K. Sell (2003), ‘Life After TRIPS – Aggression and Opposition’ PART II ECONOMICS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 5. Stanley M. Besen and Leo J. Raskind (1991), ‘An Introduction to the Law and Economics of Intellectual Property’ 6. Roberto Mazzoleni and Richard R. Nelson (1998), ‘Economic Theories about the Benefits and Costs of Patents’ 7. John H. Barton (1993), ‘Adapting the Intellectual Property System to New Technologies’ 8. Nancy T. Gallini and Michael J. Trebilcock (1998), ‘Intellectual Property Rights and Competition Policy: A Framework for the Analysis of Economic and Legal Issues’ PART III CONTROVERSIES SURROUNDING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 9. Carlos A. Primo Braga, Carsten Fink and Claudia Paz Sepulveda (2000), ‘Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Development’ 10. Graham Dutfield (2002), ‘Sharing the Benefits of Biodiversity: Is there a Role for the Patent System?’ 11. Julio J. Nogués (1993), ‘Social Costs and Benefits of Introducing Patent Protection for Pharmaceutical Drugs in Developing Countries’ 12. F.M. Scherer and Jayashree Watal (2002), ‘Post-Trips Options for Access to Patented Medicines in Developing Nations’ PART IV THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL IPRs 13. Ishac Diwan and Dani Rodrik (1991), ‘Patents, Appropriate Technology, and North-South Trade’ 14. Kresimir Zigic (2000), ‘Strategic Trade Policy, Intellectual Property Rights Protection, and North-South Trade’ 15. Amy Jocelyn Glass and Kamal Saggi (2002), ‘Intellectual Property Rights and Foreign Direct Investment’ 16. Edwin L.-C. Lai and Larry D. Qiu (2003), ‘The North’s Intellectual Property Rights Standard for the South?’ PART V EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL IPRs 17. Keith E. Maskus and Mohan Penubarti (1995), ‘How Trade-related are Intellectual Property Rights?’ 18. Pamela J. Smith (2001), ‘How Do Foreign Patent Rights Affect U.S. Exports, Affiliate Sales, and Licenses?’ 19. Mariko Sakakibara and Lee Branstetter (2001), ‘Do Stronger Patents Induce More Innovation? Evidence from the 1988 Japanese Patent Law Reforms’ 20. Phillip McCalman (2001), ‘Reaping What You Sow: An Empirical Analysis of International Patent Harmonization’ 21. David M. Gould and William C. Gruben (1996), ‘The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Economic Growth’ Name Index

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