International economics Books

Book SynopsisSince its foundation in 1995, the World Trade Organization, with its extensive legal provisions, has been defining the world trade relations and also had an enormous impact on both European and national economic law. At the same time, the WTO is perceived within the political discussion as a symbol for the world trade relations as a whole, the challenges of globalization and justice of the world trade order. Due to the expansion, consolidation and the increased enforcement of its rules, the relevance of the World Trade Organization will continue to increase. This book describes the institutional system, the basic principles and the vast variety of rules of the World Trade Organization. It aims at clarifying the structures and the general concepts, in order to enable the reader to get a better understanding of the issues at stake in many of the discussions and controversies on world trade.Table of ContentsList of Abbreviations Table of Cases Preface Introduction 1. History and Organizational Structure 2. Concepts and Legal Structure 3. Dispute Settlement 4. Trade in Goods 5. Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade 6. Fair Trade and Remedies – Anti-dumping, Subsidies and Government Procurement 7. Rules for Trade in Services 8. The Protection of Intellectual Property and the TRIPS 9. The WTO and Domestic Legal Systems 10. New Issues and Problem Areas Outline of Structure Index

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Book SynopsisThe eighteenth century is often viewed as the heroic age of the British iron industry - a time of triumphant technological progress. In fact, it was an age of thwarted ambition, when the take-up of new technologies proved frustratingly slow. The eighteenth century was more accurately the age of Baltic iron. Swedish and Russian iron surged onto the British market, meeting the demand that British ironmasters could not satisfy. This was of epochal importance: Swedish iron allowed British steel makers and hardware manufacturers to dominate Atlantic markets. In turn, the rhythms of Atlantic commerce resounded through peasant communities in Sweden. Baltic iron in the Atlantic world captures this moment. In doing so it internationalises Swedish history in a radical way and presses an oceanic perspective on the traditionally insular view of the rise of heavy industry in Britain.Trade ReviewThe present book [...] is a model study in historical research; without doubt the fruit of several years of painstaking archival work on both sides of the North Sea, involving different languages and cultures. It is to be highly recommended to anyone interested in the intimate working mechanisms of the eighteenth-century Atlantic economy." Philipp Robinson Rössner, University of Leipzig, Germany (Journal of Economic History, 2010: 773-775). "(... Evans and Rydén) give those of us who do not read Swedish access to material we could not otherwise study, Their research in primary sources has been very extensive." Robert B. Gordon, Technology and Culture 51 (2010) 756-757. "Baltic iron in the Atlantic world in the eighteenth century är en mycket läsvärd bok. (...) Evans och Rudén har därtill en elegant prosa och texten kompletteras av fina illustrationer. (...) Sammanfattningsvis lyckas mycket bra med att skapa en förstaelse av det komplexa system som järnhanteringen var och som länkade en liten by i Norduppland med befästa städer pa den afrikanska kusten." Fredrik Sandgren, Historik Tidskrift 3 (2009) 571-573.Table of ContentsList of Maps, Figures, Illustrations, and Tables Abbreviations Chapter One. The Warehouse of the World. Commerce and Production in the Early Modern Atlantic World Chapter Two. The Topography of the Early Modern Iron Trade, c.1730 Chapter Three. The International Iron Trade at a Crossroads: Swedish and British Debates, 1730-1760 Chapter Four. An Industrial Revolution in Iron – Technology, Organisation and Markets, 1760-1870 Conclusion Dramatis Personae Glossary Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn a climate of enhanced global competition, attention for economic diplomacy has substantially grown, as much in the West as in other parts of the world. This book conceptualizes economic diplomacy and adds to a better understanding of its central place in the theory and practice of international relations. With original research from a number of thematic and regional perspectives, scholars from diplomatic studies, economics, international relations and political economy make this a unique multidisciplinary contribution to a burgeoning field.

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Book SynopsisFinance Capital Today is shortlisted for the The Isaac and Tamara Deutscher Memorial Prize 2017. Finance Capital Today presents a rich new analysis of the specific features of contemporary capitalism, notably its truly global nature and its financialisation, calling on Marxist analyses of the concentration, centralisation and globalisation of capital and Marx’s theory of interest-bearing and fictitious capital. Chesnais shows how financial globalisation and the exponential growth of financial assets have developed alongside the globalisation of productive capital, paying special attention to the contemporary operations of transnational corporations and global oligopoly. He argues that the macroeconomic perspective is one in which large amounts of capital are looking for profitable investment in a setting of underlying overproduction and low profits. The outcome will be low global growth, repeated financial shocks and the growing interconnection between the environmental and economic crises.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Introduction No end to crisis in view Finance capital and financial capital The world economy as an analytical aim From the theory of the internationalisation of industrial capital to the theory of financial globalisation Financialisation as discussed in this book No ‘diversion of profits’ but the accumulation of fictitious capital The ‘crisis in the sphere of credit and money’ in 2008 1. The Historical Setting of the Crisis and Its Original Traits 1. The Crisis in a Long-Term Trajectory 1.1 In the advanced capitalist countries, slowing accumulation before the deep break in 2008 1.2 The bourgeoisie’s fight against the immanent barriers of capitalist production 1.3 The fall in the rate of profit and the play of the counteracting factors 2. A Crisis Which Has Not Been Allowed to Run Its Course 2.1 A mountain of fictitious capital alongside over-accumulation and overproduction 2.2 Global over-accumulation and overproduction with China as a central locus 2.3 The globalisation of the labour force, the cornerstone of capital’s strength 2. Financial Liberalisation and Globalisation from the 1960s onwards and the Return of Financial Crises 1. Industrial Profits and the Eurodollar Market in the Resurgence of Concentrated Interest-bearing Capital 2. The End of the Bretton Woods Monetary System and the Advent of Floating Exchange Rates 3. The Recycling of Petrodollars and the Third World Debt Trap 4. The Growth of Government Debt at the Heart of the System 5. The Political Implications of Market-Based Retirement Schemes 6. World Money Since the Demise of Bretton Woods 7. The ‘Semi-Completion’ of Financial Globalisation and the Financial Crises of the 1990s Appendix 2: The ‘Club of Paris’ and Brady bonds 3. The Notion of Interest-Bearing Capital in the Setting of Present Centralisation and Concentration of Capital 1. Steps in Approaching the Analysis of Financial Profits 1.1 ‘Money-dealing’ capital, interest-bearing capital and ‘financial accumulation’ 1.2 Credit and debt as creating different relationships 1.3 The nature of financial profits 2. Interest-bearing Capital: Exteriority to Production and the Blurring of Lines between Profit and Interest 2.1 ‘Capital-as-property’ and ‘capital-as-function’ 2.2 The blurring of lines between profit and interest 3. The Theory of Fictitious Capital 3.1 Fictitious capital: Bonds and shares 3.2. Bank created fictitious capital in its classical form 3.3 The onset and hardening of money fetishism Appendix 3: The centralisation and concentration of capital in Marxist theory 4. The Organisational Embodiments of Finance Capital and the Intra-Corporate Division of Surplus Value 1 A Brief Historical Perspective on the Bank-Industry Relationship 1.1 Germany: The ‘unification of capital’ and a strong bank influence in industry 1.2 Money trusts as the US form of finance capital 1.3 The prevalence of imperial financing priorities in Britain 1.4 France: State support to industry and large foreign government loans 2 Contemporary Issues Regarding Corporate Governance and Interlocking Boards of Directors 2.1 Control under contemporary US corporate governance 2.2 Cross-country interlocking boards of directors and ‘transnational capitalist class formation’ in Europe 3 Banks as Merchants and TNCs as Money Capitalists 3.1 The operations of financial conglomerates in commodities trading and production 3.2 The financial operations of TNCs 4 Concentrated Commodity or Merchant Capital and the Sharing Out of Total Surplus Value 4.1 The notion of ‘profits in circulation’ 4.2 Large commodities traders 4.3 Large retailers 5 Natural Resource-based Monopoly Profit and Oil Rent Appendix 4.1: Control in the ETH Zurich studies Appendix 4.2: The three major New York investment banks’ activities in commodities Appendix 4.3: Three examples of industrial corporation ownership of financial corporations 5. The Internationalisation of Productive Capital and the Formation of Global Oligopolies 1 The Internationalisation of Productive Capital: Theory and History 1.1 Foreign production of surplus value in the classical theory of imperialism 1.2 The internationalisation of productive capital in contemporary theory 1.3 Stages in the internationalisation of productive capital 1.4 From horizontal to vertical integration and the intra-corporate division of labour 1.5 The ownership-location-internalisation theoretical paradigm 2 The Collective Global Monopoly Power of Industrial Capital 2.1 Mergers and acquisitions and the international concentration of capital 2.2 Scant data on domestic concentration and little to none on global concentration 2.3 Non-price and price competition in global oligopolies 3 The Place of Emerging Countries’ Corporations in the Global Oligopoly 3.1 Sovereign wealth funds 3.2 FDI by developing-country TNCs and modes of foreign entry by China, India and Brazil Appendix 5: Recent Developments Affecting the Statistical Data on FDI 6. The Operational Modes of TNCs in the 2000s 1 Industrial Capital: From Internationalisation to Globalisation 2 Value Chains in Business Management Theory 3 Buyer-Driven Global Commodity Chains 4 Outsourcing and Offshoring and Global Value Chains in Manufacturing 5 ‘Non-Equity Modes Of International Production’ 6 TNCs and the Present Configuration of World Trade 7 Overexploitation and the ‘Global Law of Value’ 7. The Accelerated Growth and Further Globalisation of Financial Assets and Markets 1 Factors Underlying the Growth of Global Financial Transactions 1.1 On the driving forces of financial accumulation again 1.2 Capital flows in and out of the United States 1.3 Intra-Eurozone interbank lending 1.4 The growth and present organisation of foreign exchange trading 2 The Growth of Global Transactions in Derivatives 2.1 A new form of fictitious capital 2.3 The theory of derivatives as the ‘contemporary form of world money’ 3 Financial Globalisation and Developing Countries in the 2000s 3.1 The diminution of external debt and the renewed attractiveness of developing countries 3.2 The ‘internalisation’ of government debt: The case of Brazil 3.3 The audit and cancellation of illegitimate debt by Ecuador 3.4 The 2002 Argentinian default 8. Financialisation and the Transformation of Banking and Credit 1 The Transformation of Banking in the United States 1.1 ‘Traditional’ banking and credit intermediation 1.2 The start of deregulation and the transition to a market-intermediated credit system 1.3 US bank concentration in the 1990s 2 Financial Liberalisation in Europe and European ‘universal banks’ 2.1 The course of financial liberalisation in Continental Europe 2.2 Three types of banks in the EU 2.3 The full restoration of the European ‘universal bank’ 3 Securitisation, the Originate-to-distribute Model and the Shadow Banking System 3.1 The ‘originate-to-distribute’ banking model 3.2 The large-scale build-up of fictitious capital on household mortgage 3.3 The shadow banking system 3.4 Global Systemically Important Financial Institutions and the global banking oligopoly 9. Global Contagion and Systemic Crisis in 2008 1 Investment Banks and Hedge Funds 1.1 High-risk leverage driven by low profitability 1.2 Investment banks 1.3 Hedge funds: The absence of regulation as a key enabling feature 1.4 Highly leveraged speculative investments alongside ‘vulture’ hedge fund operations 1.5 Investment banks’ proprietary trading and prime brokerage for hedge funds 2 The Channels of International Financial Contagion 2.1 The channels of international financial contagion in the 1990s 2.2 Contagion through the transatlantic shadow banking system 3 Specific Systemic Vulnerability in the European Banking System 3.1 The Maastricht Treaty construction 3.2 Asymmetric intra-European relationships and the effects of shadow banking 3.3 From imported to self-generated financial crisis in the EU 3.4 Greece as an in vivo political and social experiment 10. Global Endemic Financial Instability 1 The Effects and Potential Backlashes of Quantitative Easing 2 The Very Long Continuous Fall in Interest Rates and the Growth of Debt 3 Non-Bank Financial Corporations and Systemic Contagion Risks Today 4 The Potential for Financial Turmoil in Emerging Countries Conclusion The institutional difficulties of doing Marxist economic research Persistent very low global growth coupled with endemic financial instability How could slow growth be brought to an end and a new long upswing start? The convergence of global economic and ecological crisis Non-ecological approaches to the notion of capitalism’s possible absolute limits The advent of a new more formidable immanent barrier and its implications References Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisWhat is China's rightful place on the world stage? Will the world remain unipolar as signs of American decline appear to be mounting? How can China maintain a harmonious relationship with its neighbors? What does China intend to do with the new power and influence that appears to be at its disposal? In light of emergent post-2008 economic realities, how should China adjust its foreign economic relations? This volume, the first of its kind, gathers a collection of translations of influential essays, talks, and papers on Chinese foreign policy, national security, and foreign economic relations written by Chinese elites. Many papers have also served as propositions for policy prescriptions to China's leaders, the vast majority of which have to date only been available in Chinese.Trade Review"Shao Binhong is to be congratulated to her scientific approach in selecting the articles and papers by intellectuals and scholars that have been the most influential during the last two years – and then make them available to an international audience by translating them to English[...]There is an interesting perception of China’s position in the global system that is coming through the articles and that differs slightly from the common foreign perception." Ulf Dahlsten, Research Associate, London School of Economics “The volume provides an enormous service and effectively fulfills the purpose set out in its preface. I have benefited greatly from at least half a dozen of the chapters and am citing them prominently in my own latest studies, notably on the possibilities of more extensive trade and economic ties between our two countries.” C. Fred Bergsten, Senior Fellow and Director Emeritus, Peterson Institute for International EconomicsTable of ContentsPart I: China and the World 1. Thoughts on the Grand Change of World Politics and China's International Strategy Wang Jisi 2. China and the World: Balance, Imbalance, and Rebalance Guo Shuqing 3. Global Management and China’s Responsibilities Li Daokui 4. Understanding the Changing Relations between China and its Neighbors Zhang Yunling 5. The China Model and World Order Su Changhe 6. TPP: A Major Challenge to China in the Process of Its Rise Li Xiangyang 7. The Rise of China and the Adjustment of the International Order—A Case Study of China’s Participation in the Multilateral Trading System Song Hong Part II Global Economy 8. Global Economic Recovery: An Uphill Battle? Huang Haizhou 9. Structural Changes of Global Economy and New Challenges of Emerging Economy Zhu Min Part III Chinese National Security 10. Chinese National Security: Its Missions, Sequences, and Major Characteristics Wang Yizhou 11. Japan’s Search for a National Identity and its Historical Reflections Li Wei Part IV RMB as an International Currency 12. Overcome the Fear of RMB Appreciation Yu Yongding 13. RMB’s Internationalization Under the System of Limited Exchange Rate and Capital Account Control Zhang Bin and Xu Qiyuan 14. Enhancing the Status and Role of SDRs in the International Monetary System: Prospects for the RMB Joining the SDR Basket Qiao Yide Part V Roundtable Forum 15. China and the United States in the Next Decade Zhang Weiying, He Huaihong, Huang Haizhou, Yuan Yaxiang and Wang Jisi

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Book SynopsisIn Carriers of Growth? Ann Coenen sheds new light on the vigorous debate about international trade and economic development in the Early Modern Period. The Austrian Netherlands offer an intriguing case that challenges ruling opinions within the largely Anglo-Saxon literature. By focusing on a number of key trade sectors (salt, textiles, colonial commodities, coal and grain) Ann Coenen exposes the various effects of trade and trade policy throughout all layers of the eighteenth-century society.Table of ContentsPreface ... ix List of Map, Charts and Tables ... xi List of Abbreviations ... xv Glossary ... xvi Introduction ... 1 Part 1 Theoretical Background 1 International Trade and Economic Development ... 11 2 The Austrian Netherlands in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century: A Cautious Recovery ... 17 3 International Trade by a Commercially ‘Passive’ Participant ... 22 4 Sources for the History of Eighteenth-Century International Trade ... 27 1 The Habsburg Customs Statistics: Magnum Opus of the Customs Administration ... 27 2 The Tariff Books: A Look Behind the Curtain of the Trade Policy ... 33 3 The Large Legacy of the Bureau de la régie ... 36 Part 2 International Trade in the Austrian Netherlands: An Assessment of Its Value 5 The Balance of Trade ... 41 1 State of the Art ... 42 2 Approach ... 44 3 Results ... 46 4 What Did It Mean? ... 57 5 The Pitfalls of the Balance of Trade ... 60 6 Revealed Comparative Advantages Through International Trade Contributions ... 61 7 Conclusion ... 65 Part 3 International Trade in the Austrian Netherlands, a Study of Five Key Sectors 6 The Salt Trade: The Flavour of Progress ... 69 1 “The salt of life” ... 69 2 The Salt Sector in the Austrian Netherlands ... 70 3 The Salt Flows ... 82 4 Contradicting Histories? ... 90 5 Conclusion ... 93 7 The Textile Trade: A Tradition in Decay? ... 95 1 The Eighteenth-Century Textile Sector ... 95 2 The Economic Weight of the Textile Branches ... 97 3 A Textile Landscape in Evolution ... 106 4 Explaining the Shifts Within the Textile Sector ... 153 5 The Impact of Trade on Different Stakeholders ... 163 6 Conclusion ... 169 8 The Trade in Colonial Commodities: Introducing the Exotic ... 173 1 The Irresistible Lure of Exotic Produce ... 175 2 Incorporating the New ... 185 3 Market Capacity or Smart Policy? ...195 4 Conclusion ... 198 9 The Coal Trade: A Motor for Development? ... 199 1 “The Basis, as Always, was Coal” ... 199 2 The Coal Sector: In Britain’s Shadow? ... 202 3 International Trade: Source de prospérité or Paralysing Influence? ... 204 4 The Coal Flows ... 214 5 Effects of the Coal Trade on the Habsburg Economy ... 223 6 Parallels Between the Salt and the Coal Sector ... 228 7 Conclusion ... 230 10 To Trade or Not to Trade? The Grain Trade ... 232 1 Grains in the Eighteenth-Century Austrian Netherlands ... 234 2 Changing Policies: Fickleness or Decisiveness? ... 236 3 The International Grain Trade: Capricious Flows ... 245 4 Conclusion ... 251 Part 4 The Development of Transit Trade as theTrade Policy’s Litmus Test 11 Transit Trade ... 255 Conclusion ... 271 Appendices ... 277 Bibliography ... 298 Index ... 316

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Book SynopsisIn The Political Economy of Indigo in India, 1580-1930: A Global Perspective Ghulam A. Nadri explores the dynamics of the indigo industry and trade from a long-term perspective and examines the local and global forces that affected the potentialities of production in India and elsewhere and caused periods of boom and slump in the industry. Using the commodity chains conceptual framework he examines the stages in the trajectory of indigo from production to consumption. Nadri shows convincingly that the growth or decline in indigo production and trade in India was a part of the global processes of production, trade, and consumption and that indigo as a global commodity was embedded in the politics of empire and colonial expansion.Trade Review"The book’s unique merit lies in shedding light on the early modern history of indigo that scholars have thus far passed over. There are a number of assertions on the history of indigo production on the Indian subcontinent going back to antiquity, but not until this book has there been any systematic study of this history in any era other than the modern, except in broader studies of oceanic trade by economic historians of the previous generation. Nadri has to be commended for dwelling on an uncharted chronology of the history of indigo on the subcontinent. His detailed consultation of Dutch archives and of scattered Persian archives in this regard is praiseworthy. [...] Nadri’s book entices other scholars to follow the lead he has provided." - Prakash Kumar, Pennsylvania State University, in: Economic History Review, 70, 2 (2017) "[...] Nadri’s relentless comparative commodity chain framework conceptual approach represents an important contribution to the growing corpus of new scholarship at the intersection of tradition and modernity, state and economy, and the local and global in South Asia. The chapters on the making of the world market and the political economy of indigo in particular are required reading for anyone interested in early modern and colonial India in the contexts of modernization, colonial capitalism, and globalization (or rather ‘glocalization’)." - Markus Vink, The State University of New York at Fredonia, in:The Mariner's Mirror, 103:3, pp. 353-354Table of ContentsGeneral Editor’s Foreword ... vii Acknowledgements ... x List of Illustrations ... xii List of Abbreviations and Short Titles ... xiv Currency, Weights, and Measures ... xvi Glossary ... xvii Introduction ... 1 1 The Making of Indigo: Cultivation and Manufacture ... 12 2 From Manufactory to Market: Logistics and Commerce ... 61 3 The Indigo Trade: Local and Global Demand ... 85 4 The Making of the World Market: Indigo Commodity Chains ... 124 5 The Political Economy of Indigo: States, Merchants, and Producers ... 154 Conclusions ... 192 Appendices 1 Annual Volumes (in Dutch pounds) and Values (in guilders) of the voc’s Indigo Exports from Surat, 1619–1742 ... 197 2 Quantities and Values of Annual Indigo Sales by the voc, 1642–1765 ... 200 3 Indigo Sale Prices (stivers/pound) in Amsterdam, 1695–1760 ... 206 4 Quantities (in lb.) of Indigo Exported by the eic from Surat/Bombay, 1615–1729 ... 208 5 Values (in rupees) of Annual Indigo Exports from India, 1795/96–1933/34 ... 211 6 Quantities (in Dutch pounds) and Values (in guilders) of voc’s Exports of Java Indigo to the Dutch Republic, 1704–1781 ... 216 7 Values (in guilder) and Volumes (in kilogram) of Indigo Exports from Java, 1824–1873 ... 217 8 Indigo Prices (rupees per man and stivers per Dutch pound) in India, 1609–1757 ... 219 9 Indigo Prices in Calcutta (rupees/factory man) and London (pence/lb.), 1843–1921 ... 221 Bibliography ... 223 Index ... 240

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Book SynopsisInternational Exchange in the Early Modern Book World presents new research on several aspects of the movement and exchange of books between countries, languages and confessions. It considers elements of the international book trade, the circulation and collection of texts, the practice of translation and the diffusion and exchange of technical and cultural knowledge. Commercial and logistical aspects of the early modern book trade are considered, as are the relationships between local markets and the internationally-minded firms which sought to meet their expectations. The barriers to the movement of books across borders – political, linguistic, confessional, cultural – are explored, as are the means by which these barriers were surmounted.Trade Review“The incredibly rich and varied contributions in this volume reflect the current vibrancy of book history and underline how international the book world was in the first age of print, in terms of its agents and actors, authors and readers.” Alexander Samson, University College London. In: Publishing History, Vol. 80 (2019), pp. 107-112.Table of ContentsNotes on Contributors Preface PART ONE The International Book Trade: Business without Borders 1. Sales Channels for Bestsellers in Sixteenth-Century Europe Valentina Sebastiani 2. International Publishing and Local Needs: the Breviaries and Missals Printed by Plantin for the Spanish Crown Benito Rial Costas 3. Centre and Periphery? Relations between Frankfurt and Bologna in the Transnational Book Trade of the 1600s Caroline Duroselle-Melish 4. Selling Books in the Italian Renaissance. The Correspondence of Giovanni Bartolomeo Gabiano (1522) Angela Nuovo 5. Plantin and the French Book Market Malcolm Walsby PART TWO Cultural Transmissions and Political Exchange 6. Books as a Means of Transcultural Exchange between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans Zsuzsa Barbarics-Hermanik 7. ‘This Book Hath Been Often Call’d For’: Translations of Italian Works on the Dutch Revolt and the European Book Market Nina Lamal 8. The Pike and the Printing Press: Military Handbooks and the Gentrification of the Early-Modern Military Revolution Mark R. Geldof PART THREE Libraries, Collections, Ownership 9. How to Build a Library across Early-Modern Europe: the Network of Claude Expilly Shanti Graheli 10. Books without Borders. The Presence of the European Printing Press in the Italian Religious Libraries at the End of the Sixteenth Century Giovanna Granata 11. Angelica’s Book: the Power of Reading in Late Renaissance Florence Brendan Dooley PART FOUR Moving Music and Translating Tongues: Literature and Music between Countries 12. Confessional Networks, Cultural Exchange and the Printed Music of Jerome Commelin (ca.1550–1597) Matthew Laube 13. Sellers and Buyers of Italian Music around 1700: the Silvani Firm and G.B. Bassani’s Music in Italy and Central Europe Huub van der Linden 14. Translating Renaissance Drama: Networks, Platforms, Apps Anston Bosman 15. «Catullum Numquam Antea Lectum […] Lego»: a Short Analysis of Catullus’ Fortune in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries Alina Laura de Luca 16. Intertraffic: Transnational Literatures and Languages in Late Renaissance England and Europe Warren Boutcher Index

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Book SynopsisIn The Danish Slave Trade and Its Abolition, Erik Gøbel offers an account of the well-documented Danish transatlantic slave trade. Denmark was the seventh-largest slave-trading nation with forts and factories on the Gold Coast and a colony in the Virgin Islands. The comprehensive Danish archival material provides the basis for Gøbel’s descriptions of the volume and composition of the slave trade and trade cargoes, as well as the shipping and conditions on board along the Middle Passage. Attention is also paid to the 1791 Danish Slave Trade Commission report and the final decision to abolish the slave trade altogether. *The Danish Slave Trade and Its Abolitionis now available in paperback for individual customers.Table of ContentsTable of Contents List of Illustrations List of Diagrams List of Tables Preface Part One: The Danish Slave Trade 1. Introduction 2. Volume and Composition of the Slave Trade and the Trade Cargoes 3. Transatlantic Slave Trade Shipping 4. Slave Trade in the Danish West Indies and in Asia Part Two: Abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade 5. Prelude in Denmark prior to 1792 6. Ernst Schimmelmann 7. The Slave Trade Commission and its Report, 1791 8. The Abolition Edict, 1792 9. Transitional Period, 1792–1802 10. Developments after 1803 11. Conclusion Part Three: Sources The Slave Trade Commission’s Report, 1791 The Abolition Edict, 1792 Bibliography Abbreviations Index

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Book SynopsisIn Submarine Telegraphy and the Hunt for Gutta Percha, Helen Godfrey traces the connections between submarine telegraphy and the peoples of Singapore and Sarawak (Borneo) who supplied 'gutta percha', the latex insulating the world network of undersea telegraph cables. The book examines the complex inter-relationships linking metropolitan and local environments in a trade once described as a matter of interest to the whole civilized world. Using previously untapped corporate and official archives, trade data and a rich documentary record, the study explores the roles of cable producers, scientists, administrators, and local Chinese and indigenous traders. It reveals how a global trade may transcend technological, geographic and cross-cultural challenges, even hostilities. Motivations and outcomes are more complex than simple commercial gain.Trade Review'[The book] is packed with informative graphs correlating the booms and busts in cable laying between 1850 and 1900 with trends in the trade in gutta percha and associated goods. Drawing on both anthropological literature and economists’ analyses of global commodity chains, [Godfrey] illuminates the very different meanings gutta percha acquired as it moved from the forests of Borneo to the cable factories of London before finally being laid to rest at the bottom of the sea. Godfrey devotes her opening chapters to sketching the history of the cable industry and the workings of the gutta percha markets in Singapore, but her real focus is on the forests and peoples of Sarawak. [...] That the global cable network of the Victorian era owed its existence in part to Iban headhunters’ pursuit of Chinese jars, is just one of the surprising insights to be gleaned from Godfrey’s fascinating book.' Bruce J. Hunt (University of Texas), in: Technology and Culture, Volume 61, Number 4, October 2020, pp. 1247-1248. 'In important ways, this book helps to further our understanding of Sarawak's economic development, building on seminal works by Daniel Chew and Ooi Keat Jin. But this thorough and perceptive study also encourages its readers to consider Sarawak's contribution to globalization through telegraphy and, therefore, to the contributions Sarawak and its people made to technological innovation and advancement. The care with Godfrey seeks to delineate both the material and the cultural of imagined factors involved in the gutta trade, and their intersection, provides a rare and welcome example of the cultural content and context of economic development being recognized. Intelligently illustrated, with informative diagrams and charts, Submarine Telegraphy and the Hunt for Gutta Percha makes a original and important contribution to our understanding of Sarawak history and, indeed, to Sarawak's contribution to World history. J.H. Walker (Honorary Visiting Fellow, School of Social Sciences, University of Western Australia), in: Borneo Research Bulletin, Volume 49, pp 313-316.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Abbreviations Currency Values, Weights and Measurements Glossary Introduction Part 1: Submarine Telegraphy: The Forces of Science and Commerce 1 The Significance of Gutta Percha and the Rise of Submarine Telegraphy   Gutta Percha and its Significance   The Development and Significance of Submarine Telegraphy 2 Gutta Percha and the Challenge of Submarine Telegraphy   Gutta Percha and Submarine Telegraphy – The Early Years   Growth Years of Submarine Telegraphy and its Dependence upon Gutta Percha 3 The Rise and Challenges of the Gutta Percha Trade   The Lands of Plenty: Southeast Asia and Regional Trade   The European Hunt for Gutta Percha 4 Factory to Forest: Opportunity at the Periphery   Singapore and the Development of the Gutta Percha Trade   The Trade Comes to Sarawak via Singapore Part 2: Power, Profit and the Periphery 5 The Gutta Percha Trade of Sarawak   Sarawak, its People and the Brooke Administrations   Significance and Growth of the Gutta Percha Trade in Sarawak 6 Operation of the Gutta Percha Trade in Sarawak   The Trade Network   Overland Trade Paths   Trade Venues: Bazaars and Outports   Credit and Barter 7 Impact of the Gutta Percha Trade – Opportunity   Interaction with the External Market   The Changing Nature of Sarawak Imports   Prestige Goods or Pusaka 8 Impact of the Gutta Percha Trade – Change and Challenge   Monetization   Changing Social Relations and the Gutta Percha ‘Wars’ 9 Conclusions Appendix 1 Gutta Percha Appendix 2 Statistical Material References Index

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Book SynopsisIn Digitalized Finance, Edemilson Paraná investigates the relationship between the development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and the process of financialization of economies on a global scale, particularly in Brazil. The book explains the influence of ICT in the emergence and consolidation, especially from the 1980s, of new forms of operation and management of the globalized financial system, highly connected, operated in “real time” with intensive use of technological features, and how these advances are related with the economic and social changes in question. It also describes how contemporary capital markets work, where the search for earnings is leveraged by sophisticated mathematical models, robots and automated trading software that seek financial gains in the milliseconds scale.Trade Review"Edemilson Paraná has provided an astute and solid analysis of the role of ‘Information and Communication Technologies’ (ICT) in the intensification and strengthening of the financialization process of the global economy [...]. [H]e demonstrates that, just as the machinery of the industrial revolution made the already formally existent subordination of labor to capital a reality, the untiring development of the ICTs over the past few decades, by firmly establishing the compression of the space-time that is the nature of capital, has meant the increasing and very real subordination of the logic of productive accumulation to the logic of financial accumulation [...]." - Leda Paulani, University of São Paulo "Edemilson Paraná offers the reader a rich overview of the impact of financial globalization [...]. This book shows in detail how these processes take place, and how the application of the most advanced information and communication technologies have supported the rise of new ways of exploiting people, poor countries and nature, including a detailed and unique analysis of the restructuring of the relations of control and domination in Brazil." - Alfredo Saad Filho, SOAS University of LondonTable of ContentsForeword  Maria de Lourdes Rollemberg Mollo Preface  Luiz Gonzaga de Mello Belluzzo Acknowledgements List of Illustrations List of Abbreviations 1 Introduction  1.1 Methodological Considerations 2 Capitalism at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Globalized Finance  2.1 A Brief Review of the Theories of Financialization  2.2 Interest Bearing Capital and Fictitious Capital  2.3 Globalization of Capital: Neoliberalism and Finance-dominated Accumulation Regime 3 Technics, Capital and Society: The Material Bases of Technological Development  3.1 Investigating the Technological Practice from Its Social Content  3.2 Technological Development and Financialization of the Economy: Theoretical Starting Points 4 Digitalized Finance: Informatization at the Service of Financial Dominance  4.1 The State of the Art of Digitalized Finance at the Beginning of the 21st Century  4.2 The Consequences of Digitalization in the Capitals Markets  4.3 Recent Trends: The Next Steps for Digitalized Finance 5 Digitalized Finance in the Brazilian Context  5.1 A Brief Overview of the Technical-Operational Development of the Capitals Market in Brazil  5.2 The Development of ICT and the Transformations of the Brazilian Capitals Market: Elective Affinities 6 Final Considerations References Index

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Book SynopsisHow does China reconstruct its participation in the global order? What is the theoretical framework of global governance? What are the new challenges for China? What is China’s diplomatic strategy in the transformation of the international structure? How will China and the US evolve under ‘Two Orders’? How does China deal with the South China Sea and North Korea nuclear issues? What is the reform of RMB exchange rate regime? Will the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank be a watershed of power transition between China and the United States in the Asia Pacific? This volume gathers a collection of translations of influential essays, speeches, and papers on Chinese foreign policy, national security, and foreign economic relations written by Chinese scholars. Many papers have also served as propositions for policy prescriptions to China's leaders, the vast majority of which have, to date, only been available in Chinese.Table of ContentsSeries Advisor Foreword List of Contributors Journal Information Part 1: International Relations/Foreign Policy 1 Global Governance: A Theoretical Framework  Zhang Yuyan and Ren Lin 2 Disorder or the Reconstruction of Order?  Fu Ying 3 New Challenges for China: Thoughts on the Current Domestic and International Situation and Historical Experiences  Zhang Baijia 4 Transformation of the International Structure and China’s Diplomatic Strategy  Su Ge 5 How China and the US Will Co-evolve under “Two Orders”  Wang Jisi 6 On China’s Asia and Western Pacific Strategy and the South China Sea Issue  Shi Yinhong 7 North Korea Nuclear Issue: The Lasting Stalemate and Its Implications  Fan Jishe Part 2: International Political Economy 8 How to Eliminate the Persistent Expectation of RMB Depreciation? The Further Reform of RMB Exchange Rate Regime  Yu Yongding, Bin Zhang and Ming Zhang 9 Seventy Years After Bretton Woods, How China Can Play Its Role in the New Global Competitive Landscape  Jin Liqun 10 The Third Round of Searching for a New Anchor for the International Monetary System  Huang Haizhou 11 The Legacy of Bretton Woods and Reconstruction of the International Financial System  Gao Haihong 12 China Facing the Challenge of Reforming the Rules of Global Trade and Investment  Jin Zhongxia 13 Monetary Cooperation or Monetary War?—China and the United States’ Interests US in International Monetary System Reform and the Prospects for Cooperation  Zou Jiayi and Qin Yuexing 14 The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: A Watershed of Power Transition between China and the United States in the Asia Pacific?  Chen Shaofeng Index

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Book SynopsisThe nine contributions in The Trade in Papers Marked with non-Latin Characters initiated by Anne Regourd approach global history through the paper trade in Africa and Asia, mainly in the 19th-20th C. Les neuf contributions de Le commerce des papiers à marques à caractères non-latins, dont Anne Regourd (éd.) est à l'initiative, projette de traiter d'histoire globale par le commerce du papier, principalement en Afrique et en Asie des xixe et xxe s.Trade Review"En conclusion, les points forts de l’ouvrage sont sa méthode, qui érige le sujet d’étude en source, et son sujet, les papiers traités ayant été jusqu’à présent négligés ou inconnus. Les différentes contributions sont clairement rédigées et richement illustrées, agrémentées de nombreux tableaux récapitulatifs, de cartes et de 7 index thématiques, dont des index de filigranes, contremarques et producteurs de papier. Peu de coquilles sont à déplorer. C’est un ouvrage important pour tout chercheur travaillant sur des manuscrits d’époque moderne." Elise Franssen in: Quaderni di Studi Arabi, 15, 2020. “This edited volume must be considered complementary to research on the trade/movement of paper and papermaking along the Silk Road.” Cagri Erdem, Keimyung University in: Acta Via Serica, Volume 4, No.2 (2022).Table of ContentsContents Foreword Remerciements List of Illustrations Notes on Contributors Transliteration System for Arabic Introduction: Le papier des manuscrits, une source pour l’histoire du commerce  Anne Regourd 1 ARBIB, YDLIBI and SÙRÙ (HAKURĪ): Three Arabic Script Watermarks in Northern Nigerian Manuscripts  Michaelle Biddle 2 Note on a Dated Tunisian Watermark  Michaelle Biddle 3 Recalling Alikurna: “ليكوريا” Countermarked Paper among Scribes in the Late 19th Century Ottoman Levant  Evyn Kropf 4 Manuscrits de la mer Rouge (première moitié du xxe s.) : papiers Abū Šubbāk du Yémen et d’Éthiopie  Anne Regourd 5 Papiers ‘indiens’ de manuscrits éthiopiens (fin xixe–début xxe s.)  Anne Regourd 6 Note sur les papiers à timbre sec (dry seal) en russe ou en arménien  Francis Richard 7 Un exemple rare de contremarque du viiie/xive siècle en langue et caractères arabes  Alice Shafi-Leblanc 8 Collection of Persian farmāns on Russian Paper in the National Library of Russia  Olga Yastrebova 9 Copy on demand. Abū Šubbāk in Mecca, 1303/1886  Jan Just Witkam Index multiples/Indices

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Book SynopsisIn World Trade Systems of the East and West, Geoffrey C. Gunn profiles Nagasaki's historic role in mediating the Japanese bullion trade, especially silver exchanged against Chinese and Vietnamese silk. Founded in 1571 as the terminal port of the Portuguese Macau ships, Nagasaki served as Japan's window to the world over long time and with the East-West trade carried on by the Dutch and, with even more vigor, by the Chinese junk trade. While the final expulsion of the Portuguese in 1646 characteristically defines the “closed” period of early modern Japanese history, the real trade seclusion policy, this work argues, only came into place one century later when the Shogunate firmly grasped the true impact of the bullion trade upon the national economy.Trade Review"Gunn has contributed a detailed study of Nagasaki trade during Japan’s unification and under the Tokugawa. It is an excellent contribution to global history and a required reference to understand the place of Japan in the world economy of the Modern Era." -Arturo Giráldez, School of International Studies, University of the Pacific, in Journal of Contemporary Asia, 03 Feb 2019.Table of ContentsPreface List of Tables and Illustrations Glossary/Abbreviations Note on Weights and Currencies Introduction  Japanese Historiography  The East-Southeast Asian Bullion Trade Zone  The Book 1 Kyushu in the East Asian Trade Networks  Spanish Manila and the Galleon Trade  The Portuguese “Discovery” of the Kyushu Trade Networks  The Ryukyu Tribute Trade  Gold, Silver, and Copper Mines in Japan  Japanese Maritime Trade with China and Korea  The Portuguese Missionary Arrival in Kyushu  Conclusion 2 Merchants and Missionaries in the Foundation of Nagasaki  Nagasaki’s Obscure Origins  The Portuguese Merchant-Missionary Arrival in Nagasaki  Nagasaki under Jesuit Rule  The Manila-Japan Trade Connection  Return to Imperial Rule (1588) and Persecutions  Conclusion 3 Nagasaki and the Silk Trade  Setting the Scene on Silk Production and Procurement  Functional Aspects of the Macau-Nagasaki Silk Trade  The Portuguese Merchant Presence  The VOC Silk Trade with Tonkin  Conclusion 4 The Dutch and English at Hirado  The Dutch Establishment at Hirado (1609–41)  The Dutch and the Contest for Taiwan (1604–61)  The Zheng Family Dynasty  The Dutch Trade at Hirado  The English at Hirado (1613–23)  Conclusion 5 The Shimabara Rebellion (1637–38) Revisited  Background to the Rebellion  The Duarte Correa Manuscript and the First Stirrings of Rebellion  The Battle for Shimabara  Millennial Rebels or Economic Victims?  The Anti-Christian Backlash  Conclusion 6 Nagasaki and the Southeast Asia Trade  Drawing the Contours of the “Red Seal” Trade  The Chinese Junk Trade at Nagasaki in the kai-hentai Records  Status of the Junk Traffic in 1664  Scale and Scope of the Nagasaki-Vietnam Trade  Conclusion 7 The Chinese of Nagasaki and their Social and Commercial Activities  Origins of the Nagasaki Chinese Community under the Ming  Chinese Temple Communities in Nagasaki and their Functional Role  The Zheng Trade with Nagasaki during the Ming-Qing Transition  The Restoration of the China Trade under the Qing  The Seventeenth Century Chinese Legacy in Nagasaki  Conclusion 8 Nagasaki in the Age of Kaempfer  Kaempfer’s Nagasaki  Dutch Trade at Deshima  A Dutch West India Company Account of 1721–23  Carl Peter Thunberg’s Account of 1795  Closed Door under Foreign Pressure  Conclusion 9 Parameters of the Bullion Trade Economy Network  Portuguese Profits on the Silk-for-Silver Trade  Putting a Value on the Dutch and Chinese Bullion Trade  Portuguese and Dutch in the Global Copper Trade  Reassessing the Silver Drain from Japan, the Role of Arai Hakuseki  Nagasaki and the Asian Bullion Trade Reprised Conclusion  Global Economy and World System  Stagnant Japan, Rising Japan, or Mid-Tokugawa Crisis?  A Precocious Early Modernization?  Nagasaki’s Pioneer Role in Japan’s Industrialization Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThis 28-chapter volume brings together academics and practitioners to provide a comprehensive legal, economic and political analysis of the Belt and Road (BRI) initiative that has emerged since 2013 as a key feature of China’s international economic policy. It offers a fundamentally novel approach towards international trade, investment and global governance in an unsettled time of shifting geopolitics when many institutions developed in the West are being called into question. The book covers a broad range of BRI-related international economic law and policy issues, including trade facilitation and connectivity, economics and geopolitics of new trade routes, foreign direct investment law, bilateral investment treaties, free trade agreements, financing of infrastructure, development aid, international dispute resolution, and regional economic integration.Trade Review"This book is essential reading for anyone who wants to better understand the Belt and Road Initiative and how it will define law, economics, and politics in the years to come." - Patrick W. Pearsall, Fmr. Chief of Investment Arbitration, United States of America "This is a big book on a very big subject. The editors have assembled informative and cogent essays on four broad aspects of the BRI. They are: the geopolitical dynamics that shape the BRI; the thrust of outward investment from China through the BRI; the facilitation of international trade in the BRI region; and the emerging mechanisms for dispute resolution and commercial mediation. Half of the chapters were published previously and deserve wider spread, and half are written new for this book. [..] Even discounting for inevitable hype about the BRI, this signature global initiative by China will likely be a very consequential feature of the emerging global economic system in the 21st century. If you want to get your mind around this massive project, this is the book you need to have in your hand. Highly recommend." - Glenn Shive Ph.D, Executive Director, Hong Kong America CenterTable of ContentsList of Abbreviations List of Figures and Tables Notes on Contributors 1Introduction  Julien Chaisse and Jędrzej Górski Part 1: The Foundations of the Belt and Road Initiative 2One Belt One Road (“obor”) Roadmaps: The Legal and Policy Frameworks  Donald J. Lewis and Diana Moise 3The Political Economy of obor and the Global Economic Center of Gravity  Usman W. Chohan 4The obor Global Geopolitical Drive: The Chinese Access Security Strategy  Francisco José Leandro 5It is Not the End of History: The Financing Institutions of the Belt and Road Initiative and the Bretton Woods System  Maria Adele Carrai 6Northern Sea Route: An Alternative Transport Corridor within China’s Belt and Road Initiative  Vasilii Erokhin and Gao Tianming 7The Effect of the “Belt and Road Initiative” on along Countries’ Employment  LU Yue, JIA Yingqi and TU Xinquan 8Challenges and possible responses of the Eurasian Economic Union to the Belt and Road Initiative  Alexander Mikhaylenko Part 2: Towards the Expansion of Chinese Outward Investment 9What is One Belt One Road? A Surplus Recycling Mechanism Approach  Usman W. Chohan 10The International Investment Agreement Network under the “Belt and Road” Initiative  Anna Chuwen Dai 11Paving the Silk Road bit by bit: An Analysis of Investment Protection for Chinese Infrastructure \ Projects under the Belt & Road Initiative  LAI Huaxia and Gabriel M. Lentner 12The Role of Chinese State-Owned Investors and obor-Related Investments in Europe: The Implication of the China-EU bit  YIN Wei 13National Security Review of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment (‘fdi’) into the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (‘gcc’): Challenges and Opportunities  Bashar H. Malkawi and Joel Slawotsky 14A Domestic National Controls a Foreign Investor in Investment Arbitration: In Light of China’s Negative Lists  ZHANG Anran Part 3: The International Trade Issues of the bri 15“Unimpeded Trade” in Central Asia – A Trade Facilitation Challenge  Joanne Waters 16One Belt, One Road Initiative into a New Regional Trade Agreement: Implication to the wto Dispute Settlement System  Sungjin Kang 17bri Initiative: A New Model of Development Aid?  Tymoteusz Chajdas 18Turning doors – Piracy, Technology and Maritime security along the Maritime Silk Road  Helen Tung 19Infrastructure Investments: Port, Rail, and International Economic Rules  Karlok Carlos Li and Julien Chaisse 20Development Banks as Environmental Governance Actors: The aiib’s Power to Promote Green Growth  Flavia Marisi 21Stakes and Prospects of the Right to Free, Prior & Informed Consent in ‘One Belt One Road’ Projects in the Context of Transnational Investment Law and Arbitration  Anna Aseeva and YIP Ka Lok 22Central and Eastern Europe, Group 16+1 and One Belt One Road: The Case of 2016 Sino-Polish Comprehensive Strategic Partnership  Jędrzej Górski Part 4: bri Dispute Resolution: Directions for the Future 23Some Considerations on the Civil, Commercial and Investment Dispute Settlement Mechanisms between China and the Other Belt and Road Countries  ZHU Weidong 24International Commercial Mediation, an Opportunity for obor  Giovanni Matteucci 25Energy Dispute Settlement and the One Belt One Road Initiative (‘obor’)  MA Sai 26The Energy Charter Treaty and Central Asia: Setting an International Standard for Energy-Related Disputes  Maria Bun 27Central Asian Investment Arbitration and obor – Learning from the Current Investment Climate  Mariel Dimsey 28China’s Maritime Silk Road and the Future of African Arbitration  Aweis Osman Index

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Book SynopsisIn The Danish Slave Trade and Its Abolition, Erik Gøbel offers an account of the well-documented Danish transatlantic slave trade. Denmark was the seventh-largest slave-trading nation with forts and factories on the Gold Coast and a colony in the Virgin Islands. The comprehensive Danish archival material provides the basis for Gøbel’s descriptions of the volume and composition of the slave trade and trade cargoes, as well as the shipping and conditions on board along the Middle Passage. Attention is also paid to the 1791 Danish Slave Trade Commission report and the final decision to abolish the slave trade altogether.Table of ContentsTable of Contents List of Illustrations List of Diagrams List of Tables Preface Part One: The Danish Slave Trade 1. Introduction 2. Volume and Composition of the Slave Trade and the Trade Cargoes 3. Transatlantic Slave Trade Shipping 4. Slave Trade in the Danish West Indies and in Asia Part Two: Abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade 5. Prelude in Denmark prior to 1792 6. Ernst Schimmelmann 7. The Slave Trade Commission and its Report, 1791 8. The Abolition Edict, 1792 9. Transitional Period, 1792–1802 10. Developments after 1803 11. Conclusion Part Three: Sources The Slave Trade Commission’s Report, 1791 The Abolition Edict, 1792 Bibliography Abbreviations Index

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Book SynopsisThe Impact of Innovation on Globalization is the eighth volume of the series China in the World. Like other volumes in the series, this volume includes views of leading Chinese scholars on China’s relations with other countries and regions in the world. In view of the theme of “globalization” in this volume, the contributors in this volume pay attention to how the Covid-19 pandemic impacts and challenges globalization, especially how it affects China, the United States, and their mutual relations. However, this is not to say that some issues surrounding globalization—the orientation and interrelationship of political and economic decision-making in China and the United States—have emerged only after the outbreak of the pandemic. The volume focuses on some long-term trends and innovations, from the past to the future. Chapter 2, “Globalization, Convergence, and China’s Economic Development,” describes the patterns of globalization. Chapter 3, “The Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation is Unstoppable,” talks about views on current economic and financial issues. Chapter 4, “Reconstructing Global Industrial Chains under the Pandemic, and China’s Response,” discusses China’s pivotal position in global supply chains. Besides answering these basic questions, the book investigates other important issues, such as Global Value Chains, Changes in the International Order, Changes in the International Economic Landscape, WTO Reform, China’s Foreign Economic and Trade Strategies, Towards a Climate Resilience Society, Identity Politics, and the AI “Revolution”.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations List of Contributors List of Journals 1 Introduction: How Will Globalization Continue?  Shao Binhong and He Huaihong 2 Globalization, Convergence, and China’s Economic Development  Cai Fang 3 The Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation Is Unstoppable  Guo Shuqing 4 Reconstructing Global Industrial Chains under the Pandemic, and China’s Response  Huang Qifan 5 Global Value Chains, National Value Chains, and Economic Growth: Substitutional or Complementary?  Sheng Bin, Su Danni, and Shao Chaodui 6 Change in the International Order—and China’s Options  Tang Shiping 7 Changes in the International Economic Landscape and China’s Strategic Options in the Next Fifteen Years: Research Group for “Changes in the International Economic Landscape and China’s Strategic Options”  Development Research Center of the State Council 8 wto Reform: The Global Approach and China’s Position  Liao Fan 9 Adjusting China’s Foreign Economic and Trade Strategies Is in Line with Its Own Strategic Interests  Yu Zhi 10 Towards a Climate Resilience Society: Challenges and Prospects  Sun Shao 11 What Kind of Globalism Does the Trump Administration Want?  Li Xiangyang 12 Identity Politics and the Evolution of World Order  Kong Yuan 13 The “Proximate Sorrows” and “Distant Worries” of the AI “Revolution”: An Ethical and Ontological Analysis  Zhao Tingyang Index

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Book SynopsisTwenty years ago, Fair Trade started as an effort to enable smallholder producers from developing countries to successfully compete in international markets. Better access to market outlets and stable prices are considered key principles for sustainable poverty reduction and stakeholder participation based on 'trade, not aid'. While Fair Trade is primarily conceived as a trading partnership - based on dialogue, transparency and mutual respect - seeking greater equity in international trade, it relies on an organized social movement promoting standards for production practices and delivery procedures, working conditions and labour remuneration, environmental care and social policies in supply chains of certified tropical goods. Over the past two decades, sales of Fair Trade products have considerably increased. After the first shipments of coffee, the range of products has gradually broadened to include fruit (particularly bananas, pineapple and citrus), tea, cocoa, textiles, cosmetics and a whole series of other products. Global Fair Trade sales have steadily grown to approximately EUR 1.6 billion worldwide, covering almost 600 producer organizations in more than 55 developing countries that represent close to a million families of farmers and workers. In recent years, efforts have been made towards mainstreaming of Fair Trade involving large international companies and retail chains. While numerous case studies and descriptive overviews are available to illustrate the importance of Fair Trade for producers and their families in developing countries, little quantitative evidence has been presented to review the socio-economic impact of Fair Trade. This collection of articles provides the first balanced in-depth analysis of the real welfare impact of Fair Trade, paying attention to key dimensions of income, consumption, wealth, environment, empowerment and gender. The core articles are based on extensive field surveys in Peru, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Ghana, Kenya and Mexico, and provide valuable insights in the contributions and constraints for producers’ involvement in Fair Trade. In addition, attention is paid to the broader implications for international trade regimes and the ethical perspectives on Fair Trade.

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Book SynopsisDue to increased purchasing power of certain consumer segments all over the world and the related growing demand for food specialties for differentiated goods in the international markets, agri-food trade and marketing is no longer focused on commodities only. Key concepts of 'Marketing', 'International Trade' and 'Quality' are taking the forefront in the scientific debate among agricultural economists dealing with agricultural and food products markets. The need for scientific knowledge about several aspects of marketing for quality food products is growing. The aim of this book is to link these key concepts together and consider connections, overlaps, contradictions and complementarities between them. This book contains peer-reviewed articles covering a range of studies on international marketing and trade for quality food products and is edited with the support of the BEAN-QUORUM project, funded by the European Union's Asia Link Programme. The topics covered by the studies range from geographical indications to organic food; from fair trade to functional food; from knowledge about quality requirements to the impact of the quest for quality. The geographical scope of the studies is broad and the perspectives vary including the consumer, the producer and the supply chain side. The focal interest of the studies also range from competitiveness, to policy, to potential demand. The book is of interest to researchers and practitioners in international food networks of all types.

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