International business Books

Book SynopsisNot one size fits all. Yet, some books teach business with minimal focus on the context for business. In reality, firms — large and small — are highly affected by the context in which they operate; yet, context is not uniformly conceptualized, theorized, and operationalized by scholars of business and management. While most theories have come from developed countries with bountiful contexts, the diverse contexts of Western Asia are little understood. Religious factors are profoundly dominant in Western Asia, and businesses in this diverse area operate with considerations that are rarely considered in research. This book reveals a variety of schools of thought that have molded several business models and mechanisms, which are, to some extent, different from the context of Western economies.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Contexts, the Bazaar Economy, & Western Asia; The Context for Business in Afghanistan; The Context for Business in Armenia; The Context for Business in Azerbaijan; The Context for Business in Bahrain; The Context for Business in Georgia; The Context for Business in Iran; The Context for Business in Iraq; The Context for Business in Israel; The Context for Business in Jordan; The Context for Business in Kuwait; The Context for Business in Lebanon; The Context for Business in Oman ; The Context for Business in Palestine; The Context for Business in Qatar; The Context for Business in Saudi Arabia; The Context for Business in Syria; The Context for Business in Turkey; The Context for Business in United Arab Emirates; The Context for Business in Yemen; Conclusion;

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Book SynopsisThis book is the first volume of a projected series of six handbooks on various aspects involved in contemporary encounters with China and her people. The book argues for a hands-on approach of dialogue with China, which seems to be crucial for business success in China. Bearing in mind the various present clashes with China and an increasing negative image of China internationally, the book is conceived as a handbook reflecting the experiences of observers who provide helpful hints to better understand and appreciate Chinese culture without being blindfolded by multiple traps and pitfalls.The book features a selection of articles published in the Macau Ricci Institute Journal (MRIJ) in its first six issues from 2017 through 2020. The essays featured in this book provide elements for a frank appraisal of China's Belt and Road Initiative, by highlighting the PRC government's aspirations for the project, while examining these in the light of the practical problems encountered by both hosts and representatives among the participants in BRI projects.

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Book SynopsisIn the existing reports on national competitiveness and rankings such as IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook and WEF Global Competitiveness Report, there are sizable discrepancies in the ranking order for the same countries. As a result, the reader is often confused because such an outcome creates difficulties for government officials when translating these findings into real-world policies. These discrepancies are actually due to the differences in logic and analytical models used by IMD and WEF. Therefore, in recognizing the problems and limitations of these models, this book presents the IPS model as a new approach. As an extension of Michael Porter's diamond model, it demonstrates a robust set of methodologies as well as offers a number of key policy implications for countries around the world that wish to enhance their national competitiveness.The analytical tools used in this book can be further utilized for other units of analysis such as industries and firms. As this book provides a series of sophisticated methodologies and specific guidelines for enhancing national competitiveness, both academics and practitioners can derive useful implications from this research. Alongside the theoretical frameworks and methodologies for national competitiveness presented in this book, timely topics are included such as the COVID-19 global pandemic and the US-China trade war. This book also includes various country-specific real-world cases that are assessed from the perspective of both developed and developing countries.

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Book SynopsisThe tourism and hospitality industry of Bangladesh as a South Asian country has potential. Sustainable development of this industry in this country is on the move. Still, there are some hindrances which appear to be stymieing this industry’s overall development potential. Overcoming such hindrances can be partly enabled by applying digital innovation and introducing more Internet based platforms in the country’s tourism and hospitality industry. The country is believed to have emphasized innovative technology application in this industry, but technology applications in this industry in Bangladesh have so far attracted very few researchers, resulting in insufficient contributions and very limited knowledge.This book, therefore, can make a significant contribution towards the very limited knowledge in this identified research area. On the specific ground of technology application in the tourism and hospitality industry, the book covers concepts and context, the present scenario, product and service offers, and an analysis of the roles of public and private institutions. On related issues, the book also covers social media, networking and connectivity; sustainability practices and climate change effects; tourist experiences; developments; and challenges, suggestions, and future research directions. The book is expected to appeal to general readers, as well as researchers with an interest in technology applications in the tourism and hospitality industry. This book is also an essential read for the relevant policy planners and industry professionals.Table of Contents​INTRODUCTIONPart 1: Application of Innovative Technologies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh: Context and Concept Azizul Hassan1. Technological Innovation Application in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh Tauhid Ahmed Bappy and Md. Ashikur Rahman Avi2. The Diffusion of Innovative Technologies: Concept Analysis and Relevant Examples from the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh Azizul HassanPart 2: Application of Innovative Technologies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh: The Present Scenario 3. Application of Innovative Technologies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh: The Present Scenario Ashikur Rahman Avi, Marufa Nasrin and Azizul Hassan4. Technological Innovation Application in the Tourism Industry of Bangladesh Md Yusuf Hossein Khan, Johura Jabin Anika and Azizul Hassan5. The Most recent Technologies (i.e. AI., Machine learning, Chatbot, Robotics, VR/AR/MR and relevant) Kazim Nur Sohad and Sadat al Sajib Part 3: Application of Innovative Technologies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh: Product and Service Offers 6. Technology Application in Agri-tourism Sadia Afrin Ananya7. Exploring Factors Influencing Students’ Attitude towards Ecotourism: A Study on University Students of Bangladesh H. M. Kamrul Hassan8. Indigenous Gastronomy in the Chittagong Hill Tracts: A Study on the Application of Information Technology for Tourism Development Mohammad Mohiuddin and S M Sadat al Sajib9. Expanding Muslim Friendly Tourism (MFT): Application Design for Digital Marketplace in the Age of Internet of Things (IoT) Miftachul Huda10. Technology Supported Tourism in the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur of Bangladesh S. A. M. Ziaul Islam and Sadat al Sajib11. Technology Application for Visa and Immigration for Tourists in Bangladesh Md. Alauddin and Azizul Hassan12. Tourist Accommodation in Bangladesh: The Application of Innovative Technologies Dilara Jahan and Azizul Hassan 13. Technology Application in the Aviation/Airliner for Tourists in Bangladesh Sachin Soonthodu, Ishrat N. Wahab and Azizul Hassan 14. Educating Religious Tourism Promotion:A Critical Insight into Social Network Site (SNS) Application ModelMiftachul HudaPart 4: Application of Innovative Technologies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh: Role Analysis of the Public and Private Institutions 15. Application of Innovative Technologies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh: Role Analysis 16. Tackling the climate change effects and ensuring Sustainability in tourism products and service offers in Bangladesh Md. Rakibul Hafiz Khan Rakib and Azizul HassanPart 7: Application of Innovative Technologies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh: Tourist Experiences17. Tourist Experience from Technology Application in Tourism and Hospitality in Bangladesh Azizul HassanPart 8: Application of Innovative Technologies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh: Challenges and Suggestions18. Application of Innovative Technologies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh: Challenges and Suggestions Md. Ashikur Rahman Avi and Sazu Sardar Introduction19. of the Public and Private Institutions Khokaneswar Tripura and Md. Ashikur Rahman Avi

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses the concepts, types, models, and patterns of Japan’s Hometown Tax Donation Payment system, to provide a clear picture of this newly developed unique and innovative fund-raising tool used by municipalities. It also sheds light on the influences that reciprocal gifts provided by each municipality to donors have on local economies by reviewing empirical works and surveys targeting local business owners and local financial institutions. A distinguishing feature of the book is that it introduces a new social finance mechanism that is unique to the Japanese market and could provide policy implications for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well as regional development. Furthermore, the book explores the efficacy of the demand–pull approach to support-strengthening SMEs, especially in rural areas. Finally, the book identifies some lessons learned from the system with a view toward advancing research on this phenomenon and making the system efficient and sustainable. As a whole, the book can provide ample benefits to novices, academics, researchers, and policymakers interested in Hometown Tax Donation Payment, an innovative social finance tool.This is an open access book.Table of Contents1 Time for Regional Areas to Incorporate Management Perspectives In Pursuit of a Sustainable Society 1.1 Shifting from Regional “Administration” to “Management” 1.2 Why Is Regional Revitalization Difficult? 1.3 High-Risk Funds Previously Limited in Regions 1.4 The Emergence of New Alternative Financing Methods (Social Finance) References 2 Time for Regional Areas to Incorporate Management Perspectives In Pursuit of a Sustainable Society 2.1 Overview of Hometown Tax Donation 2.1.1 Backdrop and History Behind the Creation of Hometown Tax Donation 2.1.2 Virtual Transfer of a Portion of Tax Between Regions 2.1.3 Dispute Between Rural Areas Receiving Benefits and Urban Areas Facing Revenue Outflow 2.1.4 “Gifts” in Hometown Tax Donation: A Core Driver of Regional Revitalization (The Focus of this Book) 2.2 Paradigm Shift in Municipal Administration: From “Administration” to “Management” 2.2.1 A Framework Where Funds Are Secured Through Excellent Marketing 2.2.2 Difficulty in Marketing, Specific to Municipalities 2.2.3 Future Investment—Uncharted Land for Municipalities 2.2.4 Who Are Municipalities’ Customers in Present Times? 2.3 Institutional Issues Involved in Hometown Tax Donation: Total and Partial Optimization 2.4 Various Discussions Regarding Hometown Tax Donations References 3 Effects of Fostering Local Businesses and Measures for Enhancing Business Capabilities: Case studies -Based on Case studies on Hometown Tax Donation Gift Providers 3.1 Conventional SME Policies Centered on Subsidies and Grants 3.1.1 Current State of Local SME Policies 3.1.2 Toward Improving Management Capability Indices of Local SMEs 3.2 Structural Characteristics of Hometown Tax Donation—From the Perspective of SME Support 3.2.1 Three Structural Characteristic 3.2.2 Difference Between Subsidy Policies and Hometown Tax Donation Gifts 3.2.3 Runup (Fostering) Market: Promoting Launch of Companies and New Businesses 3.2.4 Collaborative Efforts Between Public and Private Sectors 3.2.5 Implications for SME Policies 3.3 Case Studies on Businesses That Enhanced Their Management Capabilities Through Providing Gifts 3.3.1 Case Studies on Upgraded Product Visual 3.3.2 Changes in Distribution Channels and Business Styles 3.3.3 Case Studies of New Product Development, Entry into New Businesses, and Launch of Startups 3.3.4 Impact on Employment of Persons with Disabilities 3.4 Key to Launching Local Companies or New Businesses Through Public-Private Partnerships 3.4.1 Operational Support Impacts SMEs 3.4.2 How to View Sixth Industrialization 3.4.3 Promoting Launch of Local Companies or New Businesses by Creating a Market (Demand) in Advance 3.5 Challenges in Fostering Local Businesses References 4 With a View Toward Initiating Regional Entrepreneurship- Based on Data Analysis and Survey Research of Hometown Tax Donation Gift Providers 4.1 The Need to Grasp the Current State of Hometown Tax Donation Gift Providers 4.2 Method of Survey Research on Gift Providers’ Attributes and Improvement in Their Management Capabilities 4.3 Attributes of Gift Providers 4.3.1 Size of Gift Providers 4.3.2 Breakdown of Gift Providers’ Revenues 4.3.3 Gift Revenue by Amount and by Ratio to Total Revenues 4.3.4 Summary of Attributes of Gift Providers 4.4 Survey Results Regarding Enhancing Management Capabilities of Gift Providers 4.4.1 Changes in Gift Providers 4.4.1.1 Changes in Business Motivation and Management Capability Indices 4.4.1.2 Initiatives Toward Developing New Products or Businesses 4.4.1.3 Effects on Expanding Sales Channels 4.4.1.4 Increase in employment, income and productivity 4.4.1.5 Changes in Business Style and Sixth Industrialization 4.4.2 Impact on Regional Investment and Lending 4.4.3 Effects from Matching Interests Between Municipalities and Businesses 4.5 Implications for and Challenges of Initiating Regional Entrepreneurship Based on Survey Research References 5 Prospects for Regional Financial Institutions to Enhance Their Roles Through Hometown Tax Donation - Current State of Lending by Regional Financial Institutions and of Intra-regional Industry-Government-Banking Collaboration 5.1 Prospects for Regional Development Through Industry-Government-Banking Collaboration 5.2 Cases of Industry-Government-Banking Collaboration Driven by Hometown Tax Donation Gifts 5.3 Survey Research Targeting Regional Financial Institutions Regarding Industry-Government-Banking Collaboration Triggered by Hometown Tax Donation 5.3.1 Overview of Research and Attributes of Respondents 5.3.2 Regional Financial Institutions’ Perception of Hometown Tax Donation 5.3.3 Perception of Hometown Tax Donation’s Impact on Local Businesses and Economies 5.3.4 Stance and Current State of Lending to Gift Providers 5.4 Political Implications from This Analysis References 6 Regarding Measures by Rural Areas to Promote Migration and Settlement and Increase Associating Populations Implications from Various Measures Triggered by Hometown Tax Donation 6.1 Sharing of People is Important Amid National Depopulation 6.2 Creating Associating and Interacting Populations Through Hometown Tax Donation 6.2.1 Encouraging Experience-Oriented Visits 6.2.2 Rural Areas Actively Approaching Donors 6.2.3 Creating Opportunities for Citizens to Participate in Machizukuri: Strengthening Local Kizuna 6.3 How to Perceive Enhancement of Migration and Settlement Measures 6.3.1 Successful Cases Are Few on a National Scale 6.3.2 Effects and Pros and Cons of Enhanced Parenting Support Measures 6.4 Demographic Analysis of Kamishihoro Town, Hokkaido Prefecture 6.4.1 Analysis Method 6.4.2 Trend in Population Change of Kamishihoro Town, Hokkaido Prefecture 6.4.3 Trend in Number of People Moving to Kamishihoro Town, Hokkaido Prefecture 6.4.4 Analysis of Number of People Moving from Kamishihoro Town, Hokkaido Prefecture 6.4.5 Summary of Analysis on Kamishihoro Town, Hokkaido Prefecture 6.5 Implications for Measures by Rural Areas to Promote Migration and Settlement or Increase Associating Populations References 7 The Role of Social Finance in Resolving Regional Issues　-Recent Trends in Japanese Civic Crowdfunding- 7.1 From Municipality-initiated to Civic Engagement 7.1.1 Regional Issues That Cannot Be Dealt with as Desired 7.1.2 Democratization in Securing Budgets Within a Local Government 7.2 Distinction in Features and Usage of CF and Hometown Tax Donation 7.2.1 Difference in Restrictions of Project Owners and Tax Benefits of Funders 7.2.2 Effects on Project Owners 7.3 Civic Crowdfunding 7.4 Recent Trends in Japanese CCF Using Hometown Tax Donation 7.4.1 Overview of Japanese CCF 7.4.2 The Current Status of Japanese CCF 7.4.3 Using Japanese CCF for Disaster Relief 7.5 Collaboration with Private Companies Using Japanese CCF 7.5.1 Projects That Succeeded by Creating a Consortium 7.5.2 A Framework Where Local Issue Awareness and Active Individuals and Companies Back Up Municipalities 7.6 Effects of Japanese CCF on Machizukuri 7.7 Potential Issues of Japanese CCF 7.7.1 Possibility That Unappealing Projects Have Higher Local Demands 7.7.2 Regional Issues vs. Social Issues 7.7.3 Pros and Cons of Municipal Involvement 7.8 Japanese CCF Implemented Through a Regular CF Platform 7.9 Summary: Toward Further Advancement of Japanese CCF References 8 Implications for Regional Development Drawn from the Hometown Tax Donation System --Aiming to Produce Regional Entrepreneurship--

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Book SynopsisThis book selects Chinese excellent enterprise management cases, integrating into the education system of business schools, sharing "China's new story" to readers, and boosting the process of national economic construction and enterprise transformation. Chinese enterprises face unprecedented opportunities and challenges under the circumstance of fast-changing technology, economy, and political environment. In the face of various uncertainties, they have risen to prominence and constantly summed up enterprise management concepts and practical experience suitable for their own development to reshape their competitive advantages and enhance their market value. Based on the investigation, this book covers the major theoretical aspects of management principles such as planning, organizing, leading, controlling, and innovation. The 17 selected cases from manufacturing, retailing, technology/big data service, agriculture, and other industries cover strategic management, entrepreneurial management, human-oriented management, information management, and organizational innovation management. We hope that readers can get some valuable practical experience and enlightenment from the practices in these fields. The book also includes two case study guides, which guide readers to form a case study's thinking. It also encourages readers to broaden their learning ideas on management.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Plan: Strategic Management.- Chapter 2. Organization: Entrepreneurship.- Chapter 3. Leadership: Humanistic Management.- Chapter 4. Control: Information System.- Chapter 5. Innovation: Organizational Innovation Management.- Chapter 6. Learning Instructions for Management Case Samples

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with the importance of ambidexterity in innovation activities and global strategies. Ambidextrous global strategy (AGS) is crucial for global firms in the turbulent twenty-first century. Here, AGS is defined as simultaneous achievements of global integration and local adaptation, or responsiveness, through utilization of a firm’s core facilities and organizational capabilities. To illustrate the specific implementation mechanism, a framework of AGS with global market strategy and organizational capability is shown for the purpose of analysis. There is also a focus on effective ambidextrous business strategies for the digital transformation era. Distinctive features of the book include, first, a framework of ambidextrous innovation and AGS. Second, there are analyses of examples of many industries to implement ambidexterity strategies, including Korean shipbuilding firms, Korean and Japanese steel firms, LCD panel flat-glass manufacturers, Japan’s trucking industry, agricultural corporations, and other Japanese manufacturing firms. Finally, the book focuses on effective ambidextrous business strategies for the digital transformation era with the integration of open and closed innovation. The book presents specific business strategies for survival in the digital transformation era and then suggests an architectural analysis using artificial intelligence (AI) for the realization of AGS. The target readership is made up of academics, students, and practitioners in the areas of global management, organizational theory, and strategic management. Especially for those readers, the book clarifies the critical practices and business strategies of innovative global firms in the era of digital transformation.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book describes the current innovative tendencies characteristic of multifaceted scientific research and practical developments in the field of international business development and sustainable management. This book shows how companies are forced to change development strategies and business models, which actualizes new priorities for scientific research in the field of international business and sustainable management. Therefore, completely new subject areas of research are being formed; management guidelines are being transformed; new business development tools are being developed; the very system of academic research is changing. This book “Innovative Trends in International Business and Sustainable Management” is devoted to the discussion of these and other issues related to all major areas of international business development and sustainable management. This book systematically describes multidimensional trends, challenges, and opportunities for the development of international business and sustainable management in the context of a global pandemic. In this sense, it is unique and relevant for both scientific researchers and modern business practitioners. This book uniquely highlights new priorities of scientific and practical research in the field of international business and sustainable management that require a systematic knowledge of the ongoing transformations of trends, challenges, and opportunities for the development. Aimed at scholars and practitioners, the book provides illustrations of international best practice for conducting business beyond borders. The main goals of the book are firstly to provide opinions on current innovative approaches and technologies for solving modern problems of international business, as well as on the formation of a multi-level system of sustainable management of the socioeconomic systems’ development, secondly, to integrate research from academia, as well as practitioners in order to form priorities, approaches and models of company management in the context of globalization, strategies for the development of management systems in the context of the “new reality”, thirdly, to find the most relevant new areas of research, the results of which can be useful to companies for making management decisions, and concludes to analyze new tools for the development of international business, their capabilities, and areas of applicationTable of Contents1. Rivza Baiba (Ed)Latvia University of Agriculture LLUFaculty of Economics and Social developmentDoctor of Business AdministrationE-mail: baiba.rivza@llu.lvORCID 0000-0002-8719-3102 CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIESThe change in the paradigm of business development in the context of a global pandemic and digitalization has an impact not only on the process of economic management itself but also directly on management methodologies and tools. It is characteristic that the transformation of the economy within the framework of management encompasses both separately functioning leading companies of developed countries and each type of activity, sector, and direction. The transformation affects not only the development of international management but also approaches to staffing and interaction with human resources. The values of entrepreneurship are changing - from purely financial aspects to value and customer-oriented results. The new economy is a response to the processes of resource conservation and the implementation of the concept of lean production, which requires the use of innovative solutions to maintain competitiveness in the context of globalization.2. Elena Lazareva (Ed)Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, RussiaE-mail: elazareva@sfedu.ruORCID: 0000-0001-5829-5372 THE SUSTAINABILITY FORMULA: A HUMAN-CENTERED STRATEGY FOR MANAGING ECONOMIC TRENDS IN THE CONTEXT OF ESG-TRANSFORMATIONThe relevance of this study is determined by the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic has become an unprecedented challenge for the entire planet, requiring a comprehensive response, combined efforts of government and business. In general, the pandemic gave an important impetus to humanity's awareness of the important role of humans and ESG-factors in economic activity. Effective strategic management of human capital is a key condition for increasing the sustainability of innovative development of the economy and society. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the ways of installing human capital, which perform a significant reproduction function in the economy of sustainable innovative development, into the strategic management system. To achieve the goal of the study, the article has solved the problem of systematizing fundamentally new approaches to the strategic management of socio-economic systems, aimed at increasing human resources; the systems of human capital characteristics that affect the degree of sustainability of socio-economic trajectories are structurally presented; the specificity of the innovation-reproduction function of human resources is revealed, the strategies for the increment of human capital in the management system for the sustainable-innovative development of the economy are substantiated and empirically verified. The novelty of the author's approach lies in the substantiation of the directions of integration of the structural model of human capital as an important resource-reproductive component of sustainable and innovative development of the economy into the strategic management system. The results of approbation of the author's developments can serve as the basis for the formation of an effective regulatory mechanism that ensures an increase in the degree of stability of the trajectory of innovation-oriented economic development in the context of fluctuations in the world socio-economic system.3. Anton Murzin (Ed), Chang ShanyiSouthern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, ChinaE-mail: admurzin@sfedu.ruORCID: 0000-0001-9190-8919 MODELING THE REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN BORDER CHINA'S PROVINCES BASED ON THE SOLOW MODELAs the concept of green development is becoming more and more popular today, the driving factors of regional economic growth significantly affect the high-quality and sustainable development of the regional economy. Taking the Solow growth model as the basic framework, using the economic development data of Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang in three provinces in China since 2010 to carry out empirical research to measure the contribution rate of various factors such as capital input and labour input to economic growth; The model is expanded to study the long-term driving forces of economic growth in several provinces, and explain the current and long-term kinetic energy conversion. At this stage, capital investment is still the main driver of economic output in several provinces. Several provinces should focus on scientific and technological innovation, optimize and adjust the industrial structure, integrate technological factors into the capital and labour supply side, comprehensively deepen technology-based improvements, and accelerate the transformation of economic growth power.4. Elena PopkovaMoscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, VolgogradE-mail: 210471@mail.ruORCID: 0000-0003-2136-2767 STRATEGY FOR THE FUTURE: PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLDThis study identifies the key problems that humanity faced in the first two decades of the 21st century and will actively fight until 2030: climate change, the suspension of economic growth and the need to accelerate it, rethinking globalization, the need to improve the quality of life and ensure security. The adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals confirmed the global recognition of their priority. Science must outline and propose means for modernizing security systems.This study identifies the prospects for the implementation of urgent tasks of economic sciences to solve the key problems of humanity noted based on the capabilities of the digital economy and Industry 4.0. The study is based on a progressive methodology for conducting dataset research, which allows, based on current international statistics, to carry out economic and mathematical modeling of the current state and best practices, as well as to conduct a strategic analysis of the prospects for the development of the world economy. The target focus of scientific research carried out in the 2020s is outlined. A new scientific vision of the growth strategy of developing countries was proposed, and the scientific foundations for the application of advanced digital technologies of Industry 4.0 to solving urgent problems of economic science in the interests of humanity were developed.5. Jeddy ShahriarCommercial Expert, Tehran, IranE-mail: jeddy.shahriar@gmail.comORCID: 0000-0003-1967-9490 REVIEWING THE EFFECTS OF IMPEDIMENTS OF INTENTION TO TRUST FOR PURCHASING ONLINE PRODUCTSIn Iran, during recent years there has been a quantitative and qualitative increase in online business sectors. However, despite the daily growth of virtual business networks, Iranian consumers regrettably did not trust such deals in a way that should be expected but were still willing to purchase the products in person through traditional channels. Trust and security of websites are considered to be the most important factors for the users as such businesses are under the category of B2C, and thus the satisfaction, as well as trustworthiness for the consumer, is on the priority. The purpose of this research is to investigate and review the Effects of Obstacles of Intention to Trust for Purchasing Online Products. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model was used for the analysis of data by means of Partial Least Squares (PLS) Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The population sample size for the study was 71 persons examined by an online survey. The findings revealed that there was positive significance between lack of integrity, lack of benevolence, lack of competency and intention to trust. In the meantime, intention to trust was significant with the intention to purchase. Consequently, it was suggested that e-tailers should try to enhance the dimensions of their trustworthiness to e-clients.6. Nadezda GriskjaneDaugavpils University, Daugavpils, LatviaE-mail: nadezhda.grishkyane@gmail.comORCID: 0000-0002-9532-8441 SOCIALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY IN LATVIAThe smart economy is the new direction of economic development that can be characterized by intellectualization, institualization, ecologization and socialization. To manage the smart economy is necessary to analyze all these characteristics in global, makro, mikro and mezo levels. A modern economy is an economy that focuses on the everyday context of people's lives. Therefore, in the transition to a smart economy, it is necessary to study and analyze individual characteristics of the population, as well as its lifestyle. This is the socialization of the economy. In the world, subjective assessment is mainly used to analyze the socialization of the economy, but in this article the author makes an objective assessment of the socialization of the economy in Latvia and its regions, taking into account official statistics.This article describes and analyzes the indicators of socialization of the economy, as well as their impact on the well-being of the population in Latvia and its regions.7. Ankita GuptaColliers International, Mumbai, IndiaE-mail: guptaankitain@gmail.comORCID: 0000-0001-9542-3417 ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK ANALYSIS FOR COST ESTIMATION OF BUILDING PROJECTS IN INDIAIn Construction Management, it is difficult to predict the cost estimate during the preliminary stage of the project. The difficulty stems from limited information and unknown factors. This paper aims to use Artificial Neural Networks to predict the cost estimate for construction projects. Due to their self-organizing nature, they can be used to solve problems even with low-level programming. This makes them useful in interpreting and generalizing inadequate input information. ANN's are crude derivatives of the biological neural network with a single-layered or multi-layered neuron in the form of the input layer, hidden layer and output layer. The neural network first has to undergo training from historical data to make predictions or show results. The size of the data set, the number of hidden neurons and the neural network architecture determines the success of the results. For the purpose of cost estimation, cost drivers were taken as inputs and their estimated costs were taken as the target value. The cost drivers were selected carefully through literature review and survey to provide accurate results for the estimate. Pareto analysis was performed to identify the most important cost drivers in a construction project. A problem was formulated based on these drivers and the data set was trained with a neural network using the MATLAB software. The training was carried out till the greatest correlation and least Mean Squared Error was obtained after multiple iterations. This trained data was used to predict the cost for a new project.8. Aibek TursunovHigher School of Economics, St. Petersburg, RussiaE-mail: atursunov@hse.ruORCID: 0000-0002-4875-611X СLUSTER NETWORKS MANAGEMENT: INTER-CLUSTER BENCHMARKING MODELS FOR EAEUThe inter-cluster cooperation and collaboration tie formation or a cluster network establishment could serve for a deep understanding of cluster policy development potential and effective innovative development management in the Eurasian countries, including achieving strategic goals. In this paper, we had studied new inter-cluster tie possibilities and drawn up a Eurasia cluster network concept. By examining common factors of all clusters located in EAEU, analyzing influencing effects on new inter-cluster tie formation and outlining significant factors. According to revealed factors, management tools were benchmarked in order to highlight the Eurasian cluster network concept. Since, the practice on such network, the cluster policies of Eurasian Union countries and cluster organizations management instruments were taken into account in the delivered concept, we conclude with a wide description of the concept that has practical implementation and highly likely could be adapted in Eurasian economic realities.9. Tatyana KocherginaRussian Customs Academy Rostov Branch, Rostov-on-Don, RussiaE-mail: tpodgurskaya@mail.ruORCID: 0000-0002-0972-5652 ASSESSMENT OF COUNTRY RISK IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENTCountry risks determine the environment for doing international business in a particular country. The business environment is characterized by the action of political, economic, technological, socio-cultural and other factors. To assess country risk, these factors must be taken into account, as they affect the final result of a business transaction. Country risk assessment is carried out by collecting information, processing it taking into account the chosen methodology, identifying risks, developing a strategy for the company's behaviour in the external market in order to minimize risks external for the company. The information base for assessing country risks is the data of international ratings, for example, the Global Competitiveness Index, the Doing Business Index, the Country Risk Rating (WMRC), and the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG) ratings. In modern conditions, the methods for determining the positions of countries in the rating data are criticized, which necessitates adjusting the methodological approaches to determining the rating indicators. The information collected in the form of indicators of international rankings represents a large amount of data. The processing of this data set presupposes the presence of certain software products developed in accordance with the selected risk assessment methodology. Risk assessment methods and risk indicators are independently determined by the firm following its strategy for organizing and conducting international business.10. Yuri KolesnikovSouthern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, RussiaE-mail: yakolenikov@sfedu.ruORCID: 0000-0002-4057-0943 TAX INCENTIVES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATIONIn the Russian Federation and European countries, there are national strategies and programs for the digitalization of the economy and society. Even though the state goals and objectives are similar in most cases, the approaches, in turn, to the implementation of the policy are somewhat different. Thus, the digital economy is characterized by economic activity, the key factor of which is IT production with data in digital form, contributing to the formation of information and telecommunications infrastructure. The degree of digitization of the economy allows us to predict the dynamics of GDP indicators in many countries of the world. It is worth noting that according to the growth rates of digitalization implementation in the economy, Russia is among the TOP 5 countries. Scientists agree that the digital economy is the only possible option to meet the needs of society in the XXI century. Digital technologies are transforming not only business within the country, but also pose new challenges to the tax system. Thus, this paper considers the tools of tax incentives that accelerate the process of digitalization of the economy. Digitalization of all spheres of life requires the state to exercise balanced tax supervision and take decisive actions in the national tax policy, providing the participants of the tax system with benefits and subsidies for the formation of the competitiveness of the Russian economy on the world market.11. Alla KiselevaSouthern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, RussiaE-mail: avkiseleva@sfedu.ruORCID: 0000-0002-6252-0429 IDENTIFYING FINANCIAL BARRIERS TO THE USE OF INDUSTRY 4.0The report substantiates the inextricable link between financial, economic and constitutional construction. The author believes that the main obstacles for a long time, as well as the opportunities for the successful implementation of the 4:0 industry in the Russian Federation, lie in public legislation: constitutional and financial. The main trend of the fourth industrial revolution is the supposed clarification of a person from the production process, the replacement of human labour with robotic processes and programs. States, on the one hand, carrying a social function, cannot and do not want to allow unemployment, which can lead to upheavals in the political system, and will also inevitably lead to a reduction in the sources of tax revenue of the budget, which, in turn, undermines the foundations of statehood. On the other hand, market capitalist economies are a one-way road. Each of the economically active subjects makes the production process as efficient as possible in order to maximize consumption. Constitutions in the modern sense arose precisely to protect capital, reflecting the results of the political victory of the new economically powerful class – the bourgeoisie. The new values recognized by the world community are expressed in the UN Sustainable Development Goals and are related to the future of humanity as a whole.12. Roman Revunov, Sergey RevunovSouthern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don; South-Russian State Polytechnic University, Novocherkassk, RussiaE-mail: rrevunov@sfedu.ruORCID: 0000-0002-5089-4204 MODELING A UNIFIED EDUCATIONAL SPACE OF EURO-ASIAN STATESAnalysis of the main trends in the world labour market shows that the basic requirements for the level of education and training of job seekers are constantly increasing. The relevance of the work is due to the need to create favourable socio-economic conditions for attracting and retaining foreign citizens on the territory of the Russian Federation that meet the needs of the Russian labour market in qualified personnel, as well as the potential willingness to apply the knowledge gained in the Russian education system to carry out highly productive work within their own countries. One of the primary tasks is the search for a universal and effective mechanism for managing human capital with modern means of infocommunications in the context of an export educational model. The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategic directions of personnel training for the Russian economy, the development of human capital by increasing the competitiveness of Russian education, and the identification of factors to stimulate the export of educational services. The achievement of the goals set by the study is predetermined by the analysis of the main measures for the introduction of progressive digital tools into the export model of education, the formation of conditions for the effective self-realization of participants in the educational process, regardless of their territorial location. An analysis of empirical data shows that at the present stage, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan have the potential for integration in the educational space, which allows, using digital tools, to form an effective environment for training highly qualified specialists for various sectors of national economies. The predicted results of our study can be considered the development of a set of socio-economic, organizational and technological recommendations aimed at increasing the human capital index and, as a consequence, the quality of life of all participants in the educational system (both in the model of its export and for an effective strategy for the development of education within the country).13. Evgeny MartishinSouth-Russian State Polytechnic University, Novocherkassk, Russia.E-mail: martishin@bk.ruORCID: 0000-0001-8595-2155 EVOLUTIONARY MANAGEMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTThe article reveals the tools and use of new areas of management: evolutionary management, DNA management, etc., shows their role in managing economic growth and sustainable strategic development of the economic system. The principles and tools of DNA management are being expanded and applied in macroeconomic research.The structure and mechanisms of evolutionary management, DNA management, new evolutionary-genetic and institutional factors, sources of economic growth and their management are highlighted. The article substantiates the systematic and interdisciplinary methodology, the principles of its use, the logical and semiotic nature of economic genes and genotype, the content of semiotic methodological tools, first of all, the structure of genotypic concepts and logical forms of economic genes, the influence of these mechanisms on economic growth and sustainable development. The economic genotype sets the direction of the functioning and development of the economic system. Hence, based on evolutionary and genetic principles, a prognostic basis for the strategy of economic growth and sustainable development, programs for its practical implementation and their monitoring are created. In managing the implementation of strategic forecasting and planning, it is important not to unambiguously or probabilistically anticipate development scenarios, but to establish, first of all, a logical sequence of the stadiality of economic evolution. Strategic management involves the implementation of the goals of socio-economic development and priorities of socio-economic policy. Such goals at the macro - and micro-levels are, as it is justified, the content of genotypic concepts of the economic system. From the standpoint of the evolutionary-genetic approach, the management of economic growth and sustainable development involves the activation and stimulation of economic genes and genotypic structures, the elimination of socio-economic negative mutations in the development process.14. Taiwo T. LasisiSouthern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; School of Tourism and Hotel Management, Bahcesehir Cyprus University, North Cyprus, Turkey.E-mail: lasisi@sfedu.ruORCID: 0000-0003-1912-5391 MODELLING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATURAL RESOURCE RENT, URBANIZATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND CARBON EMISSIONS: DOES ECO-INNOVATION MATTER?Even though Luxembourg is flourishing economically, the annual carbon emission of the country is still experiencing an upward trend, which indicates that their economic growth achievements are not sustained simultaneously with their environmental quality. Therefore, this study analyzed the effect of economic growth, urbanization, total natural resource rent, and eco-innovation on the carbon emissions of the country. Data spanning from 2003 to 2016 was used and several econometric methods were used to determine the impact of these variables. Findings revealed that economic growth and natural resource rent significantly increase carbon emissions while urbanization also increases carbon emissions but is not statistically significant and eco-innovation was found to reduce carbon emissions both in the short and long run. Based on these findings, it is recommended that policies are put in place in Luxembourg to promote environmental-related technologies to ensure environmental sustainability.

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Book SynopsisThis is an open access book under CC BY-NC-ND.This open access book is a comprehensive solution proposed by Dr. Chen Dongsheng for the issues of medical care, pension, and fund raising in the era of longevity. This book studies the relationship among aging population, economic development, and business model innovation. It integrates multi-disciplinary, multi-industry, and multi-professional research and thinking to focus on how to meet the challenge of aging population from business perspective. The author analyzes the keys and experience for Taikang to get successful in this area. The arrival of the "Era of Longevity" not only creates new business opportunities, but also changes the economy, governance, and cultural ecology of the society. It is of interest to the readers in business and policy-making.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Longevity Era Centennial Life.- Chapter 2. Healthy Era, Healthier Longevity.- Chapter 3. Wealth era rich life.- Chapter 4. Pioneer of the age of longevity - Japan.- Chapter 5. longevity economy.- Chapter 6. The Road to Corporate Innovation for the Age of Longevity (6 and 7 Merger).- Chapter 7. Taikang's solution makes the era of longevity better.- Chapter 8. Building a Harmonious Longevity Society.

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Book SynopsisThis is an open access book under CC BY-NC-ND.This open access book is a comprehensive solution proposed by Dr. Chen Dongsheng for the issues of medical care, pension, and fund raising in the era of longevity. This book studies the relationship among aging population, economic development, and business model innovation. It integrates multi-disciplinary, multi-industry, and multi-professional research and thinking to focus on how to meet the challenge of aging population from business perspective. The author analyzes the keys and experience for Taikang to get successful in this area. The arrival of the "Era of Longevity" not only creates new business opportunities, but also changes the economy, governance, and cultural ecology of the society. It is of interest to the readers in business and policy-making.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Longevity Era Centennial Life.- Chapter 2. Healthy Era, Healthier Longevity.- Chapter 3. Wealth era rich life.- Chapter 4. Pioneer of the age of longevity - Japan.- Chapter 5. longevity economy.- Chapter 6. The Road to Corporate Innovation for the Age of Longevity (6 and 7 Merger).- Chapter 7. Taikang's solution makes the era of longevity better.- Chapter 8. Building a Harmonious Longevity Society.

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Book SynopsisThis book is an effort to provide a “primary source”, a guide for Chinese/American cross-cultural negotiations, which has been constructed and amassed by professionals living and working in China. Research included personal interviews, surveys, case studies, face-to-face negotiations, and consulting, melded with a broad body of international business. This book that has two focuses, China market entry and negotiations, Both China and the United States are vast, complex markets, with different histories and cultures. China market entry requires extensive research and understanding, of the inextricably linked elements of (a) how business is managed in China, (b) understanding the China market, and (c) negotiating all elements of your China market entry and ongoing business. To be successful in China, your firm will face these elements in terms of explicable and solvable activities. Research into data, theory, and perceptual cultural differences between your firm and your Chinese counterparts adds magnitude to your China overall business strategy, and mandatory and essential negotiations.Table of ContentsChapter 1. China Strategic Analysis. - Chapter 2. China and Negotiations. - Chapter 3. China Market Environment. - Chapter 4. China Market Entry. - Chapter 5. China Cultural Environment. - Chapter 6. China and Guanxi. - Chapter 7. China Ethics. - Chapter 8. China Contract Drafting and Dispute Resolution. - Chapter 9. China Circular Economy towards Environmental, Social, and Governance? - Chapter 10. China Strategic Social Media Marketing. - Chapter 11. China Outlook 2021-2025. - Chapter 12. China and Technology. - Chapter 13. Challenges of Chinese Factories, Negotiations, and Middlemen. - Chapter 14. Fintech Market Development in China. - Chapter 15. China Belt & Road Initiative. - Chapter 16. How We Got Here - China 2022. - Chapter 17. China Post Covid 19

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the relevance of global strategic perspective, as international competition continues to intensify & gain momentum, and management of human resource remains a challenge in contemporary corporate scenario. As global business strategy requires globally competent people and implementation of global human resource systems, therefore the need to harness the multi-faceted dimensions of corporate employees is elaborated upon. This book explores cross cultural movement & interactions in International human resource management, where the theme of cross-cultural reentry remains largely neglected and underestimated in the sojourner’s transition trajectory. This book takes into account the available empirical investigations pointing to substantial concerns, affecting the psychological wellbeing, social readjustment and cultural identity of the returning individuals. This book examines the significance of re-entry as an issue of highest priority to both sojourning individuals as well as people managing the reentry transitions of travelers. In light of the unfolding knowledge revolution, the book explores the context of corporate India offering high knowledge density and rich demographic dividend. The need for companies, to harness the knowledge capital and accelerate Indians in the knowledge revolution is examined. Various factors that can influence the repatriation of an individual when back in the home country, and the challenges faced in repatriation at the individual-, team-, organizational-, and country-levels, is explored & analyzed. This book focuses on eliminating overall wastage and losses in Repatriation process, from an organizational point of view.The purview of this book encompasses the interface of Anticipatory Adjustment, Competency Transfer, Effective Repatriation and Reverse Culture Shock with Repatriates’ Adjustment, back home, and empirically analyzes the precursors and effects of the said paradigms in optimization of Repatriate talent from an organizational perspective. The purpose is to analyze the antecedents of repatriate adjustment in the mentioned context and to subsequently deliberate upon the acquired results to arrive at feasible and relevant conclusions. Optimization of Repatriate talent, and Repatriation Management from International Human Resource Management (IHRM) perspective, deserves a cross-disciplinary study of precursors effecting Repatriation Adjustment, with focus on the dimension of Indian Repatriate acculturation.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book integrates the fundamental concept of international business theory, internationalization theory, and market orientation theory providing an accessible and detailed introduction to the wide array of different research field. It provides a reader with an understanding of detail explanation of market orientation from export settings. The topics addressed in this book include all the topics related to export market orientation, market orientation theories and practices, explanation of all sorts of developed empirical studies related to the field. A detailed explanation of each trend of research where each type of existing frameworks like direct, indirect (moderated or mediated), U-shaped, inverted U shape has been presented. The topics addressed in the book include main trends in terms of methodologies employed, samples used, theories applied for the research. Moreover, this book categorizes existing research based upon emerging themes in order to draw insights on under-researched areas that should be further delved into in the future. This book is highly recommended to the readers who seek an in-depth understanding of export market orientation in the field of international business.Table of Contents 1 Introduction 5 References 13 2 Research methodology 17 References 24 3 Theoretical assessment 28 References 33 4 Methodological assessment 37 References 41 5 Content Analysis and Categorization : Antecedent-Consequences and Outcome Relationship 43 References 86 6 Future research avenues 91 References 96 7 Implication 97 8 Limitations and conclusion 98

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Book Synopsis This is the first Open Access book introducing more than 20 of Japan’s leading innovative entrepreneurs from the 17th century to the present. The author outlines the innovative business models created by entrepreneurs including SoftBank’s Masayoshi Son, Fast Retailing (Uniqlo)’s Yanai Tadashi, Honda’s Soichiro Honda, Sony’s Akio Morita, Panasonic’s Konosuke Matsushita, and Toyota’s Kiichiro Toyoda, as well as their predecessors including Takatoshi Mitsui of Mitsui Zaibatsu, Shibusawa Eiichi of Daiichi Bank. While introducing the innovators, the author also raises three broader questions: 1. Why did Japan industrialize earlier than any other country outside Europe and the United States? 2. Why was Japan able to realize unsurpassed economic growth between the 1910s and the 1980s? 3. Why has Japan’s economy stagnated for more than 30 years since the 1990s? Drawing upon analytical concepts including Schumpeter’s breakthrough innovation, Kirzner’s incremental innovation, and Christensen’s disruptive innovation, the author contends that Japan’s successes were based on unique and systematic breakthrough innovation and an accumulation of incremental innovation, while it later fell victim to a combination of breakthrough innovation from advanced countries and disruptive innovation by developing nations. Table of ContentsOverview I: Edo Period.- Case 1: Konoike Zen'emon: Successive Innovations on the Nationwide Market.- Case 2: Takatoshi Mitsui: New Business Opportunities and the Retail Revolution.- Case 3: Genzaemon Nakai: Regional Merchant Thriving on the National Stage.- Discussion Point 1: Early Modern or Pre-modern?.- Overview 2: From Port Opening to the Post Russo-Japanese War Period.- Case 4: Hikojiro Nakamigawa: Zaibatsu Reform by Salaried Managers.- Case 5: Yataro Iwasaki and Yanosuke Iwasaki: Formation of Zaibatsu by Owner Managers.- Case 6: Zenjiro Yasuda and Soichiro Asano: Zaibatsu Formation through the Collaboration of Two Owner-Managers.- Case 7: Eiichi Shibusawa: Mobilization of Managerial Resources by an Investor-Manager.- Discussion Point 2: How Did Japan's Economy Manage to Take Off So Early? Conditions that Enabled the First Successful Industrialization Case among Late Developers.- Overview 3: World War I to the 1980s.- Case 8: Ichizo Kobayashi: A Leader in Urbanization Creates a New Industry.- Case 9: Yasuzaemon Matsunaga: Electrification Leader Establishes Private Sector-Led Public Utility Operations.- Case 10: Saburosuke Suzuki II : Commercialization of Exceptional Breakthrough Innovation.- Case 11: Kiichiro Toyoda: From Breakthrough to Incremental Innovations.- Case 12: Shitagau Noguchi and Yoshisuke Aikawa: Emergence of New Konzerns and Foray into the Continent.- Case 13: Sazo Idemitsu: From "Oil Merchant of the Continent" to "Hero of Native Oil Companies".- Case 14: Yataro Nishiyama: Leader of Capital Investment Drives High Economic Growth.- Case 15: Konosuke Matsushita: Initiator of “Consumer Revolution” Drives High Economic Growth.- Case 16: Masaru Ibuka, Akio Morita, Soichiro Honda, and Takeo Fujisawa: The Groundbreaking Nature of Sony and Honda Becoming Global Companies.- Case 17: Toshio Doko: The Sense of Crisis Harbored by the "Fine Physician of the Business World” and "Mr. Administrative Reform".- Discussion Point 3: How did Japan’s Economy Grow Continuously Over a Long Period of Time? Catch-Up and Domestic Demand.- Overview 4: Japan since the 1990s.- Case 18: Kazuo Inamori: Managerial Renewal by a Venture Manager.- Case 19: Toshifumi Suzuki: Convenience Store Innovations Originating in Japan Spread to the World.- Case 20: Tadashi Yanai and Masayoshi Son: Exceptional Challenges Undertaken by the Two Risk Takers.- Discussion Point 4: Why did Japan’s Economy Slow Down? ICT Revolution and “Disruptive Innovation”.

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Book SynopsisIn May 2007, the European Union and ASEAN agreed to launch negotiations on a free trade agreement (FTA), and talks are ongoing on the specific design and membership, with a joint working committee being established. This book identifies the present barriers in the relations between the regions, and aims to make an ASEAN-EU FTA useful as well as understandable to the business sector. It contains the proceedings of a panel discussion on how to make an ASEAN-EU FTA work for European business. The purpose of this book is to encourage an active and constructive exchange of views and ideas between representatives of the Swedish business community in Singapore, government officials and academics.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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